This review consists of two parts. The first part establishes certain astrophysical bounds on the smoothness of classical spacetime. Some of the best bounds to date are based on the absence of vacuum Cherenkov radiation in ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. The second part discusses possible implications of these bounds for the quantum structure of spacetime. One conjecture is that the fundamental length scale of quantum spacetime may be different from the Planck length.


This paper presents a statistics computation method for computationally efficient spectrum sensing in cognitive radio. The presented technique computes the statistics for signal detection after combining all signals. As the computation of the statistics for all received antennas is not required, the presented technique enables the reduction of the computational complexity. Some results show that the spectrum sensing performances of the presented technique are almost the same as that of conventional techniques despite the complexity of the presented technique being almost half that of the conventional techniques.


Abstract Excavations by the Department of Antiquities, Benghazi, Garyunis University, Benghazi and the Society for Libyan Studies took place at the site of Euesperides for a total of seven weeks in 1995 and 1996. Work was concentrated on the northern margins of the city, where much new evidence for its topography and development came to light. The discoveries include successive fortification walls (the earlier of which may belong to c. 600 BC), part of a necropolis, and a large extramural kiln complex of the fourth/third centuries. Evidence bearing on the infrastructure, economy, diet and cultural life of this early Cyrenaican city, which was abandoned by the mid third century BC, was also recovered.


We present a system for the detection of elevated levels of driver alertness in driver-facing video captured from multiple viewpoints. This problem is important in automotive safety as a helpful feedback signal to determine driver engagement and as a means of automatically flagging anomalous driving events. We generated a dataset of videos from 25 participants overseeing an hour each of driving sequences in a simulator consisting of a mixture of normal and near-miss driving events. Our proposed system consists of a deep neural network which fuses information from three driver-facing cameras to estimate moments of elevated driver alertness. A novel aspect of the system is that it learns to actively re-weight the importance of camera inputs depending on their content. We demonstrate that this approach is not only resilient to dropped or occluded frames, but also has significantly improved performance compared to a system trained on any single stream.


'Critical choices', developed jointly by Northern Illinois University in partnership with the YMCA Alliance of Metropolitan Chicago and the Indianapolis-based Training Inc. National Association, is an online program for newcomers to the workforce, particularly those with low incomes, to help them identify the type of career they would like and the skills they will need for workplace success. This paper explores the dynamics of this partnership as well as the issues involved in developing the program.


The invention relates to a manufacturing method for color suede leather with superfine polyester fiber nylon and polyurethane. As color master batch is added to make color for compound fiber directly in spinning process and wet polyurethane with similar color with fiber color is immersed in the dipping process. Base fabric with even color is obtained. The colority of color suede leather with superfine polyester fiber nylon and polyurethane is similar to the dyeing one but the dyeing procedure, which is complicated, seriously contaminative to circumstance and high cost, is simplified. Meanwhile the coloring fastness is increased and the producing cost is decreased greatly.


Chicken farming is considered not to require the application of an information system, however, the application of a decision-making system can increase the chances of getting bigger profits. In one time raising chickens requires large capital and the right time when planning sales. Therefore, the selection of decisions is an important factor in an ongoing business. Companies often experience losses which, although not too large, but also occur sustainably will affect the company's finances. It is hoped that the chicken rearing decision support system can also assist in managing the data that comes into the company. Decision support systems will be used in business to help meet company targets and reduce risk. Electre stands for Elimination and Choice Translating Reality which is a method of determining the ranking order through pairwise comparisons between alternatives and the appropriate criteria. Standardization and the use of complete data in decision making can increase the percentage of profit and satisfaction which increases partner integrity


With the evolution of mobile technology (Smartphones, Tablets, 3G/4G connection, etc.), we are living a new era of ubiquity characterized by dynamic and complex environments composed of a multitude of artifacts that support mobility and perceive information from their environment. Several services can be offered in these environments, and users who do not have a technical vision of these services need only express their intentions to access them. In this paper, we propose an approach to describe and model pervasive services and the system architecture that implements these services starting from the concept of web services, given the advanced technology, standards, and the popularity of web services in the development of information systems.


Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective in treating the segmental symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as axial symptoms that are levodopa responsive. PD patients on chronic DBS who develop axial symptoms and gait disturbances several years later oftentimes are refractory to high frequency stimulation (HFS). Several studies report benefit produced by low frequency subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in such patients, though the sustainability of the effects has been mixed.


have been many studies done to see if the link exists. Fombonne and Chakrabarti (2001) tested out Abstract There has been a worldwide increase in autism cases in the past few decades, but the cause of it is unclear. It has been suggested that vaccines may be contributing to the rise in autism rates. One claim is that the MMR vaccine can cause intestinal inflammation that may lead non-permeable peptides to be transferred to the brain where it will affect neurodevelopment. This may lead to autism with symptoms of developmental regression and gastrointestinal problems. Another major hypothesis that has received much attention is that a mercury-containing compound, thimerosal, found in many vaccines, can have toxic effects on the central nervous system. By retrieving studies from databases such as Ebsco, Proquest, and Pubmed found in the Touro College Library, this review investigates if there is any truth to these claims. No evidence of a direct link between vaccines and an increase in autism cases have been found.


This water temperature control system based on AT89C51 is composed of power supply module,temperature sensing module,microcontroller program module,display module,control module and so on.It is characterized by simple circuit structure,control precision within 0.2oC and stale control.


The computation of the adaptive resource allocation with proportional data rate constraints in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MU-OFDM) system is large when considering the fairness among the users. To avoid the extreme computation complex of the optimal solution, a low-complexity suboptimal algorithm is proposed in which subchannel allocation and power allocation are separated. In the proposed algorithm, subchannel allocation is first performed by assuming an identical power allocation. Then an optimal power allocation algorithm is carried out to maximize the sum capacity while maintaining proportional fairness. The simulation result of the proposed algorithm shows that approximate performance of the optimal capacity can be achieved in a two-user ten-subchannel system, while the complexity is reduced from exponential to linear. The sum capacity of the proposed resource allocation algorithm is more faire and flexible among users than that of the previous.


In order to realize high data rates over long distances with already installed standard single mode fiber, techniques must be found to overcome the pulse spreading due to the positive chromatic dispersion of the transmission fiber. A dispersion compensation technique for compensating group velocity dispersion in single mode fiber over a wide span (100 nm) of wavelength is presented here by using the large negative waveguide dispersion that occurs for the LP01 mode, thereby ending up with negligible net pulse spreading. Dispersion compensation using higher order modes has been proposed earlier ,but with the limitation of periodic conversion of signal to higher order modes. Here the signal always remain in LP01 mode. Quadratic Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to analyze the propagation characteristics of light within an optical waveguide having chirp type refractive index profile. The maximum compensated dispersion Dcompmax over the wavelength range of 1 500 nm to 1600 nm is then minimized as a function of profile parameters and length ratio. This technique has the potential to eliminate chromatic dispersion over a wide bandwidth which encompasses the gain bandwidth(1530 - 1570 nm) of an erbium - doped fiber amplifier. Computer simulations show that an optimally designed dispersion compensating fiber can reduce the dispersion from 18.62 ps/ km -nm to 1 .40 ps/ km - nm when it is concatenated with the existing step index single mode fiber in a ratio of 15.3 8 : 1.


A geometrical force balance that links stresses to ice bed coupling along a flow band of an ice sheet was developed in 1988 for longitudinal tension in ice streams and published 4 years later. It remains a work in progress. Now gravitational forces balanced by forces producing tensile, compressive, basal shear, and side shear stresses are all linked to ice bed coupling by the floating fraction ϕ of ice that produces the concave surface of ice streams. These lead inexorably to a simple formula showing how ϕ varies along these flow bands where surface and bed topography are known: ϕ = hO/hI with hO being ice thickness hI at x = 0 for x horizontal and positive upslope from grounded ice margins. This captures the basic fact in glaciology: the height of ice depends on how strongly ice couples to the bed. It shows how far a high convex ice sheet (ϕ = 0) has gone in collapsing into a low flat ice shelf (ϕ = 1). Here ϕ captures ice bed coupling under an ice stream and hO captures ice bed coupling beyond ice streams.


The article deals with topical issues of reducing the asymmetry of linear voltages in the electrical networks of water transport enterprises. Asymmetric modes in the electrical network are researched, which defined the need for automated determination of conductive electromagnetic disturbance. A mathematical description of the occurrence process and strategy for determining the conductive low-frequency electromagnetic disturbance by the voltage asymmetry coefficient in the reverse sequence are presented. The parameters of this coefficient are described: mathematical expectation, standard deviation, probability of occurrence during the calculation period. A mathematical model is obtained that represents a conductive electromagnetic disturbance and explains the probability of its occurrence. A method of automated determination of conductive electromagnetic disturbance has been developed. A software product is presented (certificate of registration No. 2016661752), which allows processing the voltage coefficients obtained as a result of measurements in the reverse sequence. The conductive disturbance is determined for the purpose of suppression and ensuring electromagnetic compatibility. To ensure an effective mode by powering ships from the shore and to increase the efficiency of power transmission, a strategy for voltage symmetry in the electrical network is presented.


The DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders were prepared by using a kneader. The DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders were characterized by TEM, XRD and FTIR. The exothermic characterization of the DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders was analysized by simultaneous TG-DSC. The results show that the DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders have a core-shell structure and the release heat enthalpy in pure oxygen is 4.955KJ/g at 529.2°C. The stability of DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders excels Al2O3-passivated aluminum nanopowders due to the hydrophobic nature of DOS and the hydrophilic nature of Al2O3.


A method for producing isolated-gate flash memory device, thereby preventing generation stringers. The method comprising: forming an active region on the semiconductor substrate is covered with a first gate capping layer pattern; and etching resist layer is formed to cover the side of the first gate pattern, said etchant resistant layer extends to the substrate surface, so as to cover the active region adjacent to a first side facing a gate pattern. The method further comprising: a first exposed surface of the gate pattern is formed on the insulating layer; and forming a second gate pattern covering the first gate insulating layer and a pattern, the pattern does not overlap the second gate etch-resistant layer. The method further comprises removing the etch-resistant layer, and forming a doped region pairs, aligned with the first and second gate pattern in the substrate.


Principle. The basis of the method was to administer to patients a constant concentration of halothane in oxygen, to measure the difference between the inspired and mixed-expired concentrations (by means of a thermal-conductivity meter or katharometer) and to multiply this difference by the measured total ventilation. Measurement procedure. The circuit is shown in figure 1. The constant inspired concentration was obtained by passing oxygen through a Fluotec vaporizer. The output passed through a mixer into the inspiratory reservoir bag (I). The mixer ensured that the sample drawn for analysis was truly representative of the inspiratory mixture. The patient inspired from the reservoir bag via the one-way valve (A), the Drager volumeter and the corrugated breathing tube. The patient's expirations passed along another length of corrugated tube, through a Waters canister and a one-way valve (C) into the expiratory reservoir bag (E) and finally to the atmosphere via valve D. The oxygen flow through the Fluotec was normally fixed at 6 l./min. The patient's total ventilation was usually less than this and the excess gas escaped through valve B, which was arranged to open at a lower pressure difference than valve A. On a few occasions hyperventilation made it necessary to increase the oxygen flow for a few minutes to prevent the inspiratory bag from emptying. A sample of the inspiratory mixture was drawn 11 at a rate of about 800 ml/min from a point between the mixer and the inspiratory reservoir bag, passed through one side of the katharometer and then returned to the anaesthetic circuit slightly downstream of the sampling point. A sample of mixed-expired gas was drawn at the same rate from the expiratory reservoir bag and passed through the other side of the katharometer and then out to the atmosphere. The katharometer responds to the difference of thermal conductivity between the two gas streams flowing through it. For this difference to be a measure of the difference in halothane content the other constituents of the gas mixture must be the same in both streams. Accordingly a Waters canister filled with soda lime was used to absorb carbon dioxide from the patient's expirations. Similarly it would have been logical to use a drying agent to remove water vapour from the expiratory sample, but when silica gel was used it was found to absorb halothane as well as water vapour. In retrospect it appears that it would have been possible to use a different type of drying agent which did not absorb halothane; but in fact the alternative approach was adopted of rendering the humidity of both gas streams the same. In another connection it had been noticed that soda lime had the property of regulating the humidity of a gas stream within quite close limits, and this property was exploited here. Both sample streams were passed through small soda-lime canisters (X, Y) but, since the expiratory sample was first saturated by its passage through the soda lime in the Waters canister, the inspiratory sample was moistened by first passing it through the rough humidifier shown in figure 1. Measurements were made of the humidity of the two gas streams entering the katharometer under the various experimental conditions and any differences observed were inter-


A new discipline in civil and environmental engineering, geosynthetics can be used in soil systems, road design and erosion control, with major uses in polymer and textile technology.


The purpose of the univariate version of JAN (Judgement Analysis) is to take a situation in which judges are rating subjects on a single attribute and, through regression techniques, "capture" the policy of each judge and iteratively cluster the judges on the basis of policy similarity. The present paper extends this procedure to situations in which the judges rate the subjects on a multiplicity of attributes. Computational simplification is discussed, and a numerical example is given.


The point of view of neural networks as multilayered continuous autowave media is developed. Every small element of such a system is analogous in many properties to the neuron axon element and the connections between elements are of diffusion type. Digital electronic and optoelectronic media may be realized. The possibility of multilayered media to be used for pictures analysis and as associative memory is studied.


Contributors. Foreword. Preface. Section I. Communications with the Horticulture, Health Care, an Design Communities. Section II. Design for Human Health and Well-Being. Section III. Therapeutic Design Applications. Section IV. Research. Section V. Abstracts. Section VI. Appendix. Index.


All data in the bottom row of Table II should have been shifted one column to the right. The corrected table appears below.


The present study based on extrapolations from the best available data and the scenarios described by Palutikof and Wigley in this volume identified four potentially major, specific impacts that may become gradually apparent by the middle of the next century in the Cres and Losinj archipelago. (a) Gradually increasing salinity of the waters of Lake Vrana, which is at present virtually the sole source of freshwater on the archipelago, due to penetration of sea water into the aquifers feeding the lake as a consequence of sea level rise. (b) Flooding of some present coastal urban areas and infrastructure, due to the rise in sea level. A mean sea level rise of 1 m would inundate about 35 ha of the economically and historically most important urban areas, housing about 13% of the archipelago"s present population. (c) An extended tourist season owing to elevated average temperature. An increase of about 2°C in the mean temperature (anticipated to occur by the year 2030) could extend the tourist season from the present three to five months. (d) Increased risk of forest fires owing to the increase in temperature, with concurrent decrease in humidity and soil moisture during the summer season. Other potential impacts may include: ˇ increased erosion of sandy beaches and slumping of coastal flysch sediments (e.g. at Susak) ; ˇ accelerated erosion and loss of topsoil ; ˇ increased air pollution from sources outside the archipelago due to changes in wind patterns, even if the amounts emitted remain at the present levels ; ˇ a northward shift in the present line dividing the evergreen eu-Mediterranean forests from the deciduous sub-Mediterranean forests, and disappearance of some species at present inhabiting the southern limit of their natural distribution range (e.g. chestnuts) ; ˇ increased marine primary productivity, with resulting potentially positive (e.g. increased fisheries yield) and negative (e.g. algal blooms) consequences ; ˇ opportunities for raising crops requiring warmer climate, but worsening conditions for some present crops such as olives and for livestock such as sheep ; ˇ increased frequency of flooding of coastal structures and installations (e.g. fish canning factory, shipyards, some coastal roads, water supply networks and sewers), and historic centres (e.g. at Cres, Osor, Mali Losinj, Veli Losinj) ; and ˇ increased frequency of diseases such as skin cancer, eye disease, heat stroke, and diseases such as encephalitis and papatachi fever, transmitted by insect vectors. The expected climatic changes will have no, or very little impact on the energy requirements of the archipelago, on the aquaculture potential of the surrounding waters or on the existing hotel buildings. Although the changes indicated above will occur gradually, and may not become apparent before the middle of the next century, the timely, development of policies and measures to adapt to the expected changes and to prevent their negative impacts should not be delayed. It is suggested that during the periodic revisions of the Communal Physical Plan adopted for the archipelago in 1991, the findings and recommendations of the present study should be evaluated and incorporated, as appropriate, into the plan. The main recommendations of the study, which may have to be taken into account, include: (a) research on the hydrology of Lake Vrana should be increased and, depending on the results and the projected demands for fresh water, an early decision should be taken either: ˇ to improve and increase the trapping and storage of peak flows of kantic rivers over the Kvarner mainland and artificially recharge the karstu underground aquifers during the prolonged, dry summer seasons ; or ˇ to ensure the supply of additional quantities of drinking water from mainland sources or, to produce it locally (e.g. by desalination) ; (b) elevation of coastal defence structures in order to protect valuable historic centres, buildings and structures. Development plans should identify vulnerable areas and restrict future developments that may be vulnerable to climatic changes ; (c) evaluation of the opportunities and demands (space and services) resulting from an extended tourist season ; and (d) review of forest management (e.g. clearing of undergrowth, cutting of firebreaks) practices to reduce the increased risk of forest fires.


Being the Ombudsman an important channel of contact between public institutions and users – such as consumers, health professionals or regulated sector – the different demands received by it (suggestions, complaints, praises), are pivotal for evaluating management practices within the internal areas of the National Health Surveillance Agency – Anvisa. The main question approached by this dissertation is: to what extend Anvisa's different units makes use of the Ombudsman as a management mechanism for improvement of their work processes. To answer this question, the study aims to identify what type of information is received by the Ombudsman, which are the areas that receive the largest number of requests for information, if such information is passed to managers, if they have the perception that this information is input to the evaluation of their work processes effectively and they have made changes based on such information. To achieve this objective, it was performed a literature review and were semi-structured interviews with the areas involved and the Ombudsman chief. From the analysis of data obtained are complementary to those proposed actions that have been practical to contribute to the better utilization of this important input for evaluation. As a result, it was identified the lack of adhesion between the activities undertaken by the Ombudsman and the powers legally established, there is a visible extension of executive actions, which interfere with the ability of evaluative neutrality desired. It has become the main channel of information the more varied, provided educational information to the proceedings the Ombudsman has a very privileged perception of the general functioning of the Anvisa. However, the use of such information management allowance is taking more power last year. Still, the suggestions of actions to correct possible failures occur in very critical situations, with no areas of a culture of critical analysis of the demands that they get from users through the Ombudsman. The research in the field showed that the Ombudsman has, since its creation in 1999, a bias very informative, as much a channel for the care that effectively treat an area of the demands of the users-citizens. From the findings made are some recommendations for the strategic potential of information gathered by the Ombudsman is widespread.


The present invention provides a compound of formula ## STR1 ## (Wherein, R Of indolinone derivatives substituted with 6-position, their tautomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, mixtures thereof and the salts thereof, in particular physiologically valuable pharmacological properties salts (those allowed their , in particular an inhibitory effect on the growth of a variety of receptor tyrosine kinases as well as endothelial cells and various tumor cells), drugs containing these compounds, processes for their use and their preparation.


Metalearning deals with an important problem in machine-learning, namely selecting the right techniques to model the data at hand. In most of the metalearning approaches, a notion of similarity between datasets is needed. Our approach derives the similarity measure by combining arbitrary attribute similarity functions ordered by the optimal attribute assignment. In this paper, we propose a genetic programming based approach to the evolution of an attribute similarity inducing function. The function is composed of two parts - one describes the similarity of categorical attributes, the other describes the similarity of numerical attributes. Co-evolution is used to put these two parts together to form the similarity function. We use a repairing approach to guarantee some of the metric features for this function, and also discuss which of these features are important in metalearning.


Purpose: The knowledge about neuromuscular effects of organophosphate poisoning depends on limited publications and case reports. In this study, we aimed to determine the neuromuscular effects of organophosphate poisoning and the influence of these information in clinical approach and treatment modalities that will guide further studies to prement disability.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective study conducted for 2 years with the approval of ethical comittee, 20 patients older than 15 years old who were admitted with cholinergic complaints with suspected organophosphate poisoning were evaluated. After proper primary assesment and treatment Electromyography, Visuel evoked potential, Somatosensory evoked potential were performed to evaluate the neuromuscular affect.
Results: Twenty patients, 12 (60%) females and 8 (40%) males were included in our study. Electromyograhy of 20 patients were normal with normal neuromuscular junction functions. Latancy and/or amplitude asymmetry were found in 4 (20%) patients in Visuel evoked potential and 3 (15%) patients in Somatosensory evoked potential. All of the patients were discharged without sequela.
Conclusion: There is no evoked potential studies performed in organophosphate poisoning althoung electroneurography repetitive and P300 studies exist in literature. More further studies are needed to evaluate the cardiac and neuromuscular effects of organophosphate poisoning.


The period, 1750-60 coincides with the climax of the Moro "piracy" in the Southern Philippines, the surrounding Malay archipelago and nearby Continental Asia. It is therefore interesting to study part of the defense system established by the Spaniards to protect their colony from the Muslim groups of the Sulu islands, the Maranao and Maguindanao of Mindanao. The island of Mindanao on its northern coast seemed to have been particularly well guarded from West to East by a row of forts: Iligan, Dapitan, and Misamis (the most recently built). Each of these had a specific protective function. Iligan and Misamis were in a strategic position to prevent the movement of the Mindanao Muslims. Misamis controlled Panguil Bay, a possible shortcut to reach the opposite Illana Bay and the central islands of the Visayas. Iligan defended the Eastern side of Panguil Bay and Iligan Bay with its rivers flowing to the coast, a strategic area for the Maranao raids due to its closeness to the Lanao region. But it is clear that the protection of the forts did not work for piracy kept increasing. What were the causes of this failure? Was it Moro war tactics? Or was it something else?


Working Healthy allows persons with disabilities the opportunity to increase their earnings and assets without jeopardizing their Medicaid health insurance coverage. Working Healthy has been in operation in Kansas for almost a year now. In that time, enrollment has steadily increased and premium payers continue to constitute more than half of all enrollees. The initial accomplishments of Working Healthy are especially gratifying in the current depressed economic setting. Through their enrollment, many people with disabilities are now working more, paying taxes, and putting money into the state's economy by virtue of having additional disposable income—all without fear of losing their health insurance coverage.


The pentadienyl complexes [(η5-pentadienyl)Fe(CO)2][Na] (pentadienyl = MeCp, C5Me5, C5Ph5, C9H7) have been prepared in THF from the corresponding dimers [(η5-pentadienyl)Fe(CO)2]2 and (η5-C5Ph5)Fe(CO)2Br. The exact composition of the ion pairs that exist in THF solution was explored as a function of temperature by FT-IR spectroscopy. The sodium metalates bearing the pentadienyl ligands MeCp, C5Me5, and C9H7 show the presence of two species that involve carbonyl oxygen−sodium and iron−sodium contact ion pairs in THF. In contrast, the pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl complex [(η5-C5Ph5)Fe(CO)2][Na] reveals the existence of solvent-separated ion pairs and carbonyl oxygen−sodium contact ion pairs. The absence of iron−sodium contact ion pairs in [(η5-C5Ph5)Fe(CO)2][Na] is attributed to a steric shielding of the iron center by the ancillary phenyl groups. The temperature-dependent behavior of these sodium metalates was explored by variable-temperature FT-IR measurements, and the equilibrium constants for the observe...


Three variations of experience identified in the educational literature entail different ways of thinking about and developing learners' imaginations. The relationship between these different imaginative modes resembles shifts between different kinds of understanding in Kieran Egan's theory of imaginative development. From this theoretical collision, a new framework emerges that gives greater weight to the connections between experience and imagination, and that may help to guide new forms of democratic educational practice. Read responses to this article Online at democracyeducationjournal.org/home/vol21/iss1/4/ Submit your own response to this article Submit online at democracyeducationjournal.org/home We live in an age and in a culture when young people may spend more time interacting with electronic devices than with one another, let alone with the morethanhuman world. Primary or firsthand experience risks becoming a dwindling resource in the face of the great flood of secondhand information that flows daily through the modern media. Learning to deal critically and intelligently with the latter is selfevidently an important facet of democratic education. But what of the former? What, exactly, is the educational value of experience? And are particular varieties of experience more essential than others for the building of a living democracy? How might we think strategically and creatively about the embedding of experience in the process of schooling? These are the kinds of questions I hope to shed light on in this essay. My initial engagement with these issues arose from my work with Canadian indigenous organizations on the problem of language maintenance and revitalization (e.g., Fettes, 1992; Fettes & Norton, 2000). Around the world, local languages are being lost at an everincreasing rate, with farreaching consequences for human cultural diversity and development (Nettle & Romaine, 2000) and, more broadly, for ecocultural health (Rapport & Maffi, 2011). At the heart of what is being lost are locally sensitive ways of understanding human embeddedness in the morethanhuman world (Abram, 1997). Responses to language loss that focus on language alone miss this key point: Indigenous languages derive much of their meaning from their responsiveness to ecologically and historically particular shared experiences of place and being. The relationship between experience and language thus becomes an extremely important question for educators who see cultural diversity as a value and a resource, whether on grounds of equity, inclusion, critique, or sustainability. Yet teasing out that relationship is a complex task. Language is a problematic enough term in and of itself (Fettes, 1997, 2003); experience is at least equally fraught with ambiguity, as experiential educator Fox (2008) observed in a thoughtful meditation: What exactly is experience? Whose experience is heard? . . . Think for a moment: When does an experience begin— at the start of an activity? Does it include the planning and framing by leaders? What about the histories and political realities of the participants? What historical period will we choose? Once the "experience" begins, how does an individual, observer, researcher, participant, or leader identify "the" experience? How is an experience demarcated from the flow of Mark Fettes is an assistant professor at Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada. His work concerns the role of imagination in language learning and cultural reproduction and in teaching and learning in general. He has led two major communitybased research projects exploring how imaginative teaching might contribute to developing schools that are responsive to the places and communities around them.


Although the volume of potable water used at recreation developments is minor relative to total regional water use, very high quality is required and the source is often of limited capacity, such as a mountain spring or small local aquifer. Frequent confrontations between developers and regulatory agencies result from claims by developers that water demand will be very small while regulators tend to treat such developments the same as municipal residence. Almost no published data base exists for resolving such conflicts. Included here are: 1) Water use measurements of various peak period durations (seasonal, monthly, daily, and instantaneous) at several types of recreational developments in Utah and Wyoming (mountain cabins, both ski- and water-based condominiums, and recreation vehicle campgrounds), 2) statistical (frequency) analysis of the data and a comparison with municipal demands in the same region, and 3) analysis of occupancy rates at the various categories of developments.


Postoperative ileus is a common complication following surgery. Many pharmacological agents and surgical techniques have been proposed to influence the severity and duration of an ileus; however, no individual method has been shown to successfully influence its clinical course. Often, these techniques are used in combination to create a 'fast-track' recovery program. Current research has proposed gum chewing as a form of sham feeding that can be used as an alterative to early oral feedings. In this article, Caroline Lafon and Dr Lauren Lawson will review recent randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses studying the effects of gum chewing on gastrointestinal motility. Research suggests that gum chewing is a safe and cost-effective method that acts by stimulating the cephalic-vagal system, triggering the release of gastrointestinal hormones and juices, increasing salivation and pancreatic juice release, and ultimately promoting the return of normal bowel function. Gum chewing can be used as a component...


The ecophysiological effects of air-borne pollutants have mostly been investigated in the region of temperate deciduous forests. We now present some observations from the area of northern coniferous forests. It seems to us that this area is characterized by some special features of the effects of air pollution on coniferous trees. We deal with this question mainly at the eco logical level (i.e. we have been observing areas influenced by several polluting agents simultaneously, not by only acidic rain, for example). This is the normal case, and it is exceedingly difficult - often possibly even futile - to endeavour to estimate the effect of each polluting component separately; it is more important to strive to estimate the combined effects of pollutants in different climatic conditions. When considering the effects of air pollution the singular character of growing conditions in the north must be emphasized. Our research area is located in the northern part of the northern coniferous forest zone (about 65°N, in Finland), where the natural ecological stress, especially in wintertime, is great. The coniferous forest tree flora comprises only a small number of species of which Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) are the most common, both of which are known to b-e---relatively sensitive to air pollution. In these northern forests the number of trees per unit area of land is small and their growth is extremely slow. Over wid~ areas of northern Finland the ~mount of stem wood is only c. 50 m /ha and early growth c. 1-1.5 m /ha. There seems little doubt that these trees and those of forest boundary zones, in general, are under a fairly strong natural ecological stress. The following features, for example, have often been emphasized: the critical influence of thermal relationships


Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (KYP) lemma has played a significant role in one-dimensional systems theory. However, there has been no two-dimensional (2-D) KYP lemma in the literature, even for the infinite frequency domain. This paper develops a generalized KYP lemma for 2-D systems described by discrete Roesser model. The generalized KYP lemma relates frequency-domain properties of the 2-D system, such as positive realness and bounded realness over any given rectangular frequency domain, to a linear matrix inequality, enabling efficient computation for both the analysis and the design. As special cases of the lemma, 2-D bounded realness and positive realness are investigated. Numerical examples on the design of 2-D digital filters are given to demonstrate the relevance of the lemma.


The data collected from small farm catchments ranging between 1 to 3 ha under semi arid black soil region was subjected to hydrological and soil erosion analysis. It was observed that maximum rainfall, runoff and soil loss occurred during the month of September followed by October and June. Annual runoff and soil loss was observed to be as high as 119 mm and 11 t/ha/year in 25 year return period suggesting that the area is prone to severe soil erosion. Climatic water balance analysis showed that in each month potential evapotranspiration was more than that of rainfall and hence water deficit exists throughout the year. There was minimum water deficit and maximum soil water availability in the month of September, foIlowed by October and November, whereas, maximum water deficit was observed to be in March and April. Attempt was also made to develop linear and multiple linear regression equations to predict runoff from rainfall, intensity and antecedent rainfall conditions. Return period analysis of rainfall, runoff and soil loss data is also presented in this paper.


Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited vasculitis of unknown etiology that occurs predominantly in infants and young children. Initially described in 1967 by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki, it is now the most common cause of acquired heart disease among children in developed nations. Although KD has been reported across all racial and ethnic groups, the incidence of KD is more common among Asians, which suggests differences of race-specific susceptibility. The prevalence of the disease varies considerably among different Asian countries, and there is a higher rate of KD reported in Asian countries such as Japan and Korea than in other countries. In Korea, a nationwide epidemiological study has been conducted every three years since the 1990s by the Korean Pediatric Heart Association to determine the epidemiologic patterns and incidence rate of KD in Korea. It was thus found in a recent survey (2003-2005) that the average annual incidence of 105.0/100,000 Korean children under the age of five years was the second-highest reported rate in the world, after Japan.


ABSTRACT
Joint Operating Body Pertamina-Petrochina East Java (JOB P-PEJ) is one of the Cooperation Contract in the oil and gas exploration of the region of East Java Soko District of Tuban. In the Central Processing Area (CPA), JOB P-PEJ shift system imposes on its workers. Job rotation or shift has the potential for the occurrence of stress and other health disorders. The purpose of this research analyzed the relationship between job stressors with insomnia in shift workers Central Processing Area (CPA) Joint Operating Body Pertamina-Petrochina East Java (JOB P-PEJ) Tuban. This research used cross sectional design and used analytic analysis. This research used primary data from result of the Diagnostic of Stress and Insomnia Severity Index questionnaire and also secondary data from the company. The results showed that there was relationship between job stressors role conflict and overload qualitative with insomnia while working the day shift with a value of 0,034 and 0,010 significancy. There was also a relationship between job stressors were overload quantitative and qualitative with insomnia while working the night shift with a value of 0,038 and 0,013 significancy. And there was a statistically significant difference between insomnia while working the day shift and night shift with a value of 0,000 significancy. Suggestions are given for the company is to make counseling program, analyze or review existing job description, hold meetings and refreshing programs regularly to increase motivation to work. And suggestions given to the worker include exercise regularly, use the time off to bed early, and plan the daily agenda so that the task can be completed earlier.
Keywords job stressor, insomnia, shift worker


Runtime validation techniques have been proposed as artifacts to detect and/or correct unforeseen behaviours of computer systems. Their common features is to give only partial validation results, based on a restricted set of system executions produced in the real execution environment. A key issue is thus to better understand which kind of properties can (or cannot) be validated using such techniques. We focus on three techniques known as runtime verification, property-oriented testing, and runtime enforcement. We present these approaches at an abstract level and in a unified framework, and we discuss their respective ability to deal with properties on infinite execution sequences, that are commonly encountered in many application domains.


An experimental and theoretical analysis of the noise model in the geometric hashing technique is presented. The efficacy of the technique is discussed in the cases of affine transformations, similarities, and grid motions. The efficacy of the voting procedure, in geometric hashing is discussed, and it is shown that its introduction significantly reduces the expected burden of the verification stage. The discussion is illustrated by results of simulations which have been performed to test the expected performance of the algorithm.<<ETX>>


-In India, democratic participation of constituent units in decision-making process and policy formulation within the party have been ensured the necessary conditions for effective development of political system at the state level. It has been seen that party members operating the governmental structure at the Central level are co-partisans of those operating the structure at the regional level. As a sequence, an inter-party relationship has gotten importance for the development and smooth functioning of the federal system. This type of federal coordination can possible only with the concurrence and cooperation of the respective Chief Minister. The long term stability of the federal system requires therefore the building up of a competent and dedicated leadership of both levels.


【Objective】 To investigate the toxic effects on the mice in vitro fertilization and early development of fertilized eggs induced by polybrominated diphenyl ethers(BDE-209),and explore the dose-response relationship.【Methed】The culture medium was divided into four groups according to the final concentration of BDE-209: Control group A: 0 g/mL;Group B: 10 g/mL;Group C: 20 g/mL;Group D: 40 g/mL.Sexually female and male mature Kunming mice were taken respectively 20 and 8.The female mice and mature eggs were ovulated with hormone.Mature oocytes were collected and placed in the culture medium randomLy.Then the sperm was gained from epididymal tail of the mice,and put into the medium.The disk was put into the incubator(37℃,Volumefanction of CO2 is 5%) to fertilizate and culture the cells.Finally,the forming rates of 2-cells,4-cells,8-cells,morula and blastocyst were calculated.【Result】 There was no difference between group A(69.2%) and group B(63.3%) in the 2-cells stage(P 0.05),but the forming rates of group C(28.1%) and group D(24.1%) were significantly lower than that of group A(P 0.01).The forming rates of 4-cells,8-cells,morula and blastocyst,all the experimental groups were significantly lower than that of the control group(P 0.01).【Conclusion】 BDE-209 could decrease the forming rates of the mice in vitro fertilization and lead toxic effects on the early development of fertilized eggs.


We consider the problem of approximating the global maximum of a quadratic program (QP) with n variables subject to bound constraints. Based on the results of Goemans and Williamson 4] and Nesterov 6], we show that a 4=7 approximate solution can be obtained in polynomial time.


This paper presents a simplified method for determining the coefficients in a low frequency expansion of the electric and magnetic fields for the problem of scattering by penetrable homogeneous dielectric (both lossy and lossless) bodies.


spear-heads and farsa axes. Several of these are associated with the Bhonsles, probably because a member of this Maratha family sought refuge at Jodhpur in the middle of the eighteenth century. Sword hilts with dated inscriptions from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are treated separately. In the second volume Elgood continues his investigation by describing the swords commissioned by the Rathores from the middle of the nineteenth century. Persian craftsmen working in India made many of the blades, while European jewellers in Delhi or Calcutta may have been responsible for some of the hilts. The following section is dedicated to Indo-European swords, reflecting the close relationship that developed between the British and Jodhpur royal families. Examples include presentation swords and sabres engraved with appropriate dedications. Blades and hilts from Delhi and other Mughal centres are common, as evidenced in the swords and daggers associated with Aurangzeb, some marked with the characteristic Mughal umbrella motif. Rajputs who accompanied the Mughals on their conquest of the Deccan brought back with them katars, daggers and spears from Ahmadnagar, Bijapur and other battle sites in peninsular India, many of which are now in the Jodhpur collection. The following chapters describe knives, daggers, clubs, goads, axes, spears, pikes, lances and crutches. They testify to the variety of weapons of remarkable quality manufactured in different centres of northern India during the nineteenth century that made their way to Jodhpur. They include numerous shields, powder-flasks, helmets and shields. Elgood concludes his exhaustive survey with translations of a record book of a wedding at Mehrangarh that details the weapons presented on this occasion, and of an extensive treatise on the manufacture of swords by a nobleman of Persian origin at the Mughal court in Delhi in the middle of the eighteenth century. In addition, he provides transcriptions of selected records in the Jodhpur armoury. These documents are followed by calendars of currencies and weights, a general glossary, and an arms glossary of 44 pages. Together with the wide-rangeing bibliography and index, this abundance of data should satisfy the most demanding readers. It is only for this reviewer to congratulate the author for his meticulous scholarship, and the publisher for his insistence on generously scaled colour illustrations, many extending across two pages.


Vernon, the acknowledged authority in international economics, analyzes the past, present and dangerous future of American trade politics and policymaking. He recommends giving up on comprehensive global agreements, and urges narrow agreements between a small number of countries.


The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, we extend the available asymptotic theory for sieve estimators to cover the case of stationary and invertible linear processes driven by independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) infinite variance (IV) innovations. In particular, we show that the ordinary least squares sieve estimates, together with estimates of the impulse responses derived from these, obtained from an autoregression whose order is an increasing function of the sample size, are consistent and exhibit asymptotic properties analogous to those which obtain for a finite-order autoregressive process driven by i.i.d. IV errors. As such, their limit distributions cannot be directly employed for inference because they either may not exist or, where they do, depend on unknown model parameters. As a consequence, our second contribution is to investigate the usefulness of bootstrap methods in this setting. Focusing on the theoretical properties of three sieve bootstraps: the wild bootstrap, the permutation bootstrap and a hybrid of the two, we show that, in contrast to the case of finite variance innovations, the wild bootstrap requires an infeasible correction to be consistent, whereas the other two bootstrap schemes are consistent under general conditions. We present Monte Carlo simulation results which suggest that, even without this infeasible correction, the basic wild bootstrap procedure displays very decent empirical finite sample size properties, only slightly inferior to those of the permutation and hybrid bootstraps which perform best overall. At the same time the basic wild bootstrap, and to a somewhat lesser extent the permutation and hybrid bootstraps, yield very large power gains, relative to other well-known bootstrap procedures such as the m out of n and i.i.d. residual bootstraps.


In spite ofthe exclusion of Austrcbaileya, Añbo¡e1.la, aod the T¡ime¡iaceae f.oñ the Monimiaceae (1), this taxon is still quite hete¡oseneous. tt had p¡eviously been suggested that the Amborellaceae aod AtherosDermátáceat be segregated Sr. and fámiliál státus has also been proposed for the Siparunaceae (4). In this ¡esard, Schodde maintains thát the charácte¡s ofthe Ath;rosDermataceae and Siperunac€ar are equrval€nr ro rhose det jmi t ing orher Lauratean families (5), while Thorne calls this "an exe¡cise in taxonoñic inflation that would seem to serve no useful purpose ,ór. As the Isresr revision rin prpparát ion) of the Athe.ospetña group l reárs i r ás a tami ly l7) , rh is posi r i ;n is ad. he¡ed to in the p¡esent discussion. The systematic position ofthe Monimiaceae alliance, based on morphotogical, anatomical, palynological, embryological. and cytolosical studies (1, 8, 9, r0, t r), is s€ne¡ally admitted to be close to the Lau.aceae but, on the whole, less spe, cialized than the more advanced Lauraceous taxa. Cronquist (12) places ihe Monimiaceae in the o.der Magnoliales, forming a g.oup with the Ambo¡ellaceae, Trimeniaceae, Lauraceae, Gomortegaceae and He¡nandiaceae. Other autho¡s recognize similar afrnities within thei¡ circumscriptions of the orders Anoonales (6) o. Laurales (8, e). For the sake of conveni€nce, Takhtajan,s system (9) is followed in this review. Similarities have been observed which support the idea that the Monimiáceae sensu /áto are not a "natural" family. The relatively p¡imitive senus I{o¡tonÉ and the clearly mo¡e specialized Monimioideae have been said to be closer to the Hernandiaceae sénsu sú¡¿Éo thán the ,4fhe¡osre¡ña and Str¿¡una groups. wh,ch supposedly iorm á nalural alliánce wiah rhe cyroca;páceae, Laúaceae and Gomortegaceae (10). Cytological evidence áppears to contradict this (lr), but the issue seems fár ftom beins settled. Ch¿mical data which €ould hetp to clarify the situation are still quite insufñcient. The Atherospermataceae, as ci.cumscribed by Schodde (7), coincide with the sum of the tribes Laurelieae and Athe¡ospermeae described in the Pax monograph (r3) and with the subfamily Atherospermoideae sensu Money et at. (r). Schodde's classification is summarized as follows:


The utility model relates to an intelligent weighing case and bag, which is additionally provided with a weighing assembly for weighing the weight of a case and bag body on the basis of the existing case and bag structure, wherein the weighing assembly comprises a weighing platform, a load bearing detection sensor, a control processor and a signal output unit, after objects are placed in the intelligent weighing case and bag, the case and bag body is supported on the weighing platform, weight signals are transferred to the control processor through the load bearing detection sensor, and after the control processor carries out conversion processing on the weight signals, the weight data is displayed in a visual mode through the signal output unit. The intelligent weighing case and bag can fast and accurately detect the weight and avoids the trouble of shipping cost increase caused by luggage overweight in the traveling process of a user. The intelligent weighing case and bag has simple structure, is convenient to use, is easy to realize, has low cost and has wide practical application prospects.


Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Investment Banking Division Director, Global Financial Strategy Group 2005-2007 Advised investment banking and corporate clients in industrials and financial institutions sectors on capital structure, risk management, distribution policies, liquidity, credit ratings, cost of capital and valuation. Worked on a number of strategic and financing transactions. Co-authored several reports targeted for client CEOs and CFOs.


The invention relates to a gripper system of one or more layers of products arranged on a support such as a pallet, a handling device having the and to its use. The system includes mounting means (41, 42) on the lifting system of a self-propelled handling apparatus, a first group of clamping means (12; 112 ') of the product or layers in a first direction, and a second group of clamping means (13; 113 ') of the layer of products in a second direction, not parallel to the first direction, a gripping frame (10; 100) defining a central opening (11) for gripping the or product layers, the first and second groups (12, 13; 112 ', 113') being mounted on the frame (10; 110) and bounding the central opening (11), and means actuator (17; 117) clamping means (12, 13; 112 ', 113') mounted on the frame (10; 110) so as completely circumferential with respect to the central opening (11).


Abstract: Measurement of body composition is proving increasingly important in clinical nutrition and research. In current study we investigated about the effect of body composition on cisatracurium efficiency. In this descriptive cross sectional study, 180 patients with elective non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia with muscle relaxation and under ventilation with ventilator referred to Shahid Modarres Hospital were selected randomly from simple random sampling. Fat mass and muscle mass(BMI and TBW ) in patients, that measured by BODY COMPOSION ANALYZER set, was recorded and compared with duration of effect time of cisatracurium, extubation time, cisatracurium dose during oeration , recovery time, and onset time Correlation between quantitative variables was determined using Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank tests for statistical analysis of data using SPSS 21 software. In this study p value<0.05 considered statistically significant. it was concluded that duration of effect time of cisatracurium, extubation time, recovery time, and onset time were decreased with increased muscle mass but the cisatracurium dose during operation was increased, in contrast duration of effect time of cisatracurium, extubation time, recovery time, and onset time were increased with increased fat mass but the cisatracurium dose during operation was decreased


A critical factor in the host immune response to invading pathogens, such as viral infections, is the recruitment and infiltration of immune cells to infected tissues. Although the goal of the recruited leukocytes is to eliminate the invading pathogens, collateral tissue damage may be induced in the process, and, in certain circumstances, may pose a serious threat to the survival of the host. The central nervous system (CNS) is a unique site with limited regenerative potential and therefore a low threshold for inflammation-induced tissue damage. However, as the CNS may become the target of life-threatening viral infections, it is imperative that immunological surveillance and efficient effector responses occur in this organ to aid in pathogen clearance. Although traditionally characterized as a site of "immune privilege," evidence suggests that immune surveillance and antiviral immunity does occur in the CNS (Carson et al., 2006). Understanding how the local inflammatory response within the CNS is regulated is a key to understanding the pathogenesis of viral infections in the CNS and developing therapies that promote protective and limit pathogenic responses. Leukocyte recruitment to any organ site is generally a complex, multistep process. Under normal conditions, leukocyte migration into the CNS is maintained at low levels (Hickey, 2001). During virus-induced inflammation, however, the extravasation of leukocytes is increased and targeted to specific compartments of the CNS depending on the inflammatory stimulus and the infected region. Chemokines and chemokine receptors have been identified as pivotal players in regulating immune cell trafficking into the CNS. Chemokines consist of a large family of small, structurally related, chemotactic cytokines that are involved in regulating the normal lymphocytic traffic to both the lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs and leukocyte emigration into sites of injury and infection (Rossi & Zlotnik, 2000). Chemokines select leukocytes for tissue entry based on their expression of chemokine receptors, G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors, which have a characteristic seven transmembrane structure (Premack & Schall, 1996). In addition to targeting distinct leukocyte populations during inflammation, chemokines and their receptors have emerged as crucial mediators of a variety of biological processes including development and tissue homeostasis. With regard to virus-induced inflammation in the CNS, chemokines and chemokine receptors are in a strategic position to coordinate immune responses through both the regulation of leukocyte extravasation and also in the final positioning and activation of infiltrating cells. Immune surveillance of the CNS and the effector function of infiltrating leukocytes into the CNS dictate the host-pathogen relationship during viral pathogenesis of the CNS. The


Abstract : The response of a cylindrical cavity of finite length in a bilinear (hysteretic), layered, material is obtained for a pressure pulse, p(tau), applied to the inner boundary of the cavity. The problem is two-dimensional in r, z coordinates, the loading being axisymmetric. The solution is obtained from a characteristic approach combined with the method of fractional steps. Results are presented for a non-layered configuration, and also for a case in which three layers are present. Comparisons of these solutions with results from a finite difference code using the same two-dimensional configurations are given. Further development will allow for the presence of a structure lining the cavity in a bilinear material.


The very efficient end-bridging Monte Carlo (EBMC) method has been employed in order to simulate an amorphous, polydisperse 80-chain large C156 polyethylene (PE) system in atomistic detail over a w...


Transverse myelitis (TM) is a very uncommon condition in children which can be associated with viral infections. Acute TM cases have been reported after Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection during the pandemic.


The objective of this study was to analyze the operational cost of production of Thai tilapia created in net cage of small volume placed in populated or not populated ponds. The Operational Cost of production of the creation of Thailand tilapia in net cage, of small volume, installed in fish farm ponds populated and not populated. Scorvo Filho, J. D.; Mainardes-Pinto, C. S. R.; Paiva, P. de.; Verani, J. R.; Silva, A. L. da. Custos e @gronegócio on line v. 3, n. 1 Jan/Jun 2007. ISSN 1808-2882 www.custoseagronegocioonline.com.br 99 experiment was carried out in Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo, Brazil, from of 01 of February the 17 of April of 2001 (summer/autumn). Two 2,400 m ponds (V1 and V2) were used and six 1 m cages with Thai tilapia males at densities of 200, 250 and 300 fish/m with one replication by the treatment, were provide for each pond. V2 was also populated with 4,800 free males units of Thai tilapia. Were determined: the initial weight and final, and calculated, the survival, the average daily weight gain, the total biomass, biomass of the gain and feed conversion apparent. The gotten economic results in this work, for its scale of production, will have greater importance in the case of the creation to be a complementary activity of the property. It was concluded that the creation of Thai tilapia in net cage of a small volume in ponds, during the summer/autumn, in southeastern Brazil is recommended with activity of economic interest. The final output and economic indicators obtained with the establishment of Thai tilapia in the two systems (with and without fish ponds free) showed that, with the creation in free fish ponds, was better than the system with only confined in the net cage. Keyword: Cost of production, Net cage, Fish farm.


Ratcheting is a second failure mode in low cycle fatigue loading where plastic strain accumulates in each cycle. It is difficult to precisely estimate component deformation due to the complexities of cyclic hardening. In order to study the deformation, all types of hardening rules must be determined priorly. In this study, the determination procedures of combined hardening parameters are presented using Abaqus software. The experiment data of API-5L X80 from the past research have been utilized. Lastly, the different inputs of non-linear kinematic hardening choices are analyzed and presented.


We experimentally compared non-simulated with simulated expressions of emotion produced both by inexperienced and by experienced actors. Contrary to our expectations, in a perception experiment participants rated the expressions of experienced actors as more extreme and less like non-simulated ("real") expressions than those produced by non-professional actors.


Eight VDTs of different trademarks were analyzed in relation to several lighting characteristics. They showed essential differences as far as the degree of oscillation as well as sharpness and stability of characters are concerned. It is assumed that some of the differences might partially be responsible for eye strain of operators.


Earthquake records were the main source of information for the study of the deep Earth andto the imaging of the roots of the geological structures. The conjunction of the development of instruments, of computer power and of storage capability renders possible to consider almost the entire continuous recording as a workable piece of observation. This results in diverse discoveries, ranging from exotic sources related to glaciers to non-volcanic tremors. The interpretation of the long-range correlations of the ambient noise produced mostly by the oceans leads to new developments in imaging and monitoring. Noise based imaging is another tool of seismic imaging, shown so far to be particularly adapted for producing reliable S wave velocity models of the crust and lithosphere. Originally mostly used for surface wave imaging, one can envision that the other techniques based on body waves will also benefit from continuous noise recordings. I discuss examples of extraction of different deep body wave phases that can be retrieved from noise.Modern geodesy measures the motion of the surface with a precision that leads to the direct observation of the continuous evolution of the lithosphere. Ambient noise monitoring allows for a continuous measure of seismic velocity changes. I present some examples showing that a deformation at depth can be detected with seismological techniques and that those changes are related to the deformation.In the context of a subduction zone, I discuss the relations between tremors, slow slip events and change of seismic velocity.


High precision and good fault tolerance is of great importance in a navigation system.According to these requirements,an INS-GPS-DVL fault tolerance integrated navigation system scheme based on information fusion technology is presented.The filter algorithm of the system is studied.The system performance is studied by semi-physical simulation experiment.Simulation results show that the designed integrated navigation system may provide the navigation with high precision information,and can improve the synthetic performance.


The antibiotic nitrofurantoin {systematic name: (E)-1-[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylideneamino]imidazolidine-2,4-dione} crystallizes as a methanol monosolvate, C8H6N4O5·CH4O. The nitrofurantoin molecule adopts a nearly planar conformation (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0344 Å). Hydrogen bonds involve the co-operative N—H⋯O—H⋯O heterosynthons between the cyclic imide of nitrofurantoin and methanol O—H groups. There are also C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the nitrofurantoin molecules which support the key hydrogen-bonding synthon. The overall crystal packing is further assisted by weak C—H⋯O interactions, giving a herringbone pattern.


Kisspeptin is a hypothalamic peptide hormone, which plays a crucial role in puberty and fertility control by stimulating the release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, which in turn stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. It also interacts with neuropeptides neurokinin B and dynorphin A, and is under negative and positive feedback influences relayed by gonadal sex steroids. Loss of kisspeptin signalling results in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and impaired puberty. Kisspeptin expression and secretion is also affected by metabolic status and stress. Several studies have indicated a potential role for kisspeptin in the treatment of disorders causing hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. This review aims to summarize the importance of kisspeptin and its role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.


OBJECTIVE
To prospectively investigate the effect on macular hole healing after internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal during idiopathic macular hole (IMH) surgery.

METHODS
Forty-one consecutive patients (forty-one eyes) with idiopathic macular hole underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with surgical removal of the epiretinal membranes overlying the hole, gas/fluid exchange and C(3)F(8) intraocular tamponade. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, group A 19 patients in non-ILM-peeling group, group B 22 patients in ILM peeling group who underwent the removal of internal limiting membrane surrounding the hole.

RESULTS
Among the 41 cases, IMHs were completely closed in 37 eyes (90.2%). In the ILM removal group, IMHs were closed in 22 cases (22/22, 100%). In the non-ILM removal group, IMHs were closed only in 15 eyes (15/19, 78.9%). There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
PPV is a valid treatment for IMH and the removal of ILM may help IMH close after surgery.


Employing a theoretical framework that draws on the concept of global regimes of mobility and Bourdieu's theory of practice, this article seeks to analyse how African student migrants in China navigate global structural inequalities in planning for post-graduation mobility, while strategising to overcome barriers to mobility and capital accumulation. It argues that China's position within the contemporary global political economy is reflected in the ways these student migrants navigate intersecting global mobility regimes. Moving beyond the 'stay/return' binary common in student mobility research, the article delineates three post-study trajectories: returnees, deterred by structural barriers from staying in the host country; those who stay in China, overcoming these barriers by opening businesses, with plans to return home later; and those who plan to accumulate capital in China to meet the requirements of more stringent mobility regimes in the Global North.


Magnetite presenting as multidomain?pseudo-single and little single domain,carrying the low(100℃~300℃) ?middle(300℃~420℃)and high(420℃~530℃) temperature components respectively, is the main magnetic mineral in the upper Devonian limestone. However, that of the middle temperature(300℃~480℃) is carried by the pseudo-single magnetite which is also the main magnetic carrier in the lower Carboniferous limestone.


THE fifthand sixth-grade rooms of the typical public elementary school enrol a strenuous, interesting group of children who are eleven years old. The teachers, parents, and classmates of the eleven-year-olds know them as active, energetic, somewhat resistant individuals, but as an age group they are little known in educational and sociological literature. They are in a transitional stage which the psychology textbooks label "preadolescence."


Interest in the use of lipoinfiltration (otherwise known as fat grafting) to improve contour, size and symmetry deficiencies of the breast is increasing. Fat grafting is being used in the post-mastectomy patient, after breast conserving surgery and for primary augmentation. Despite promising results, this procedure has sparked an important debate on patient safety.


The purpose of this research is to verify the presence of the theme of the doctrine of the sanctuary in Bible courses historically administrated by Seventh-day Adventists in Brazil. It also intends to check out the presentation of this doctrine by the Theology students of the Unasp, Campus Engenheiro Coelho, in their practice of public evangelism that took place in the year 2003.


This paper discusses the process of production of the prototype of R.I.C.A. (Catas Altas Ideas Network), a digital interface to trigger social transformation in the town of Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, which is part of the Masters "From discourse to dialogue: urban digital interfaces for the recovery of the public realm". It introduces Catas Altas and its social inequality showing the imbalance between the power of the mining companies that explore the town and its powerless population. It then presents the action research steps that informed the design of the interface R.I.C.A., both technically and socially, and the first use of the prototype empowering the community to discuss the public space.


Sex has ever been a taboo topic and the sexual word has been considered dangerous. But, sex is always an inevitable topic and the sexual word is one of the constituents for any language. The present paper attempts to show the variety of the sexual word and study its use and effects.


This chapter distinguishes between dynamic and static legal systems in order to respectively refer to law and moral, and between inductive and deductive legal systems according to how one can refer respectively to positive or natural law. Antinomies are the result of applying two principles of legal logic: that of sufficient grounds and that of no contradiction. The chapter also distinguishes between criteria to resolve antinomies between norms, on the one hand, and criteria to resolve antinomies between the criteria themselves to resolve antinomies between norms (or in other words, criteria to resolve second degree antinomies), on the other. Amongst the first which are classics are the hierarchical criteria (the higher law derogates the lower one), the chronological criteria (the later law derogates the earlier one) and the speciality criteria (the special law derogates the general one).Keywords: chronological criteria; dynamic legal system; hierarchical criteria; legal antinomies; speciality criteria; static legal system


Background.— Migraine is associated with vascular risk factors and white matter abnormalities (WMA). Cerebral hypoperfusion is known to be one mechanism underlying WMA and a few studies have shown that an incomplete circle of Willis (CW) may predispose to cerebral hypoperfusion. This study assessed the relationship between the morphologic characteristics of the CW and migraine.


The article is focused on the technical solution of the problem of reduction of sunflower achenes loss in the process of its harvesting by the grain combine. It is substantiated that increase of sunflower achenes losses is the result of striking impact of the working bodies of the reaper reel. The layout of the reaper machine operation, which is equipped with a screw-reel for sunflower harvesting purposed to reduce the acceleration of the sunflower stem movement, and accordingly, the loss of achenes has been analyzed. The sunflower stem scheme, which shows its geometric and dynamic characteristics used in the mathematical derivation of expressions for determining the moments of stem portions inertia is suggested and the dimensions of the geometric portions are denoted. Using the Steiner theorem, there were determined the moments of the portions inertia with regard to portions of the axes of the system of x0, y0, z0 coordinates. The equations of circumference of sunflower head base and the arc of its sphere are described. As result of mathematical transformations there were obtained the total moments of sunflower stem inertia.


The problem of nonlinear system filtering is discassed.And a sampling-based square root filter SR-UKF(square root unscented Kalman filter)is brought forward for real time processing the orbit of GPS-based satellite.In the process of recursive filtering,square root form of the state covariance matrix is used to replace the covariance matrix,which effectively raises the calculation efficiency and numerical stability of the filtering algorithm.An actual example is performed,and the results show that the performance of the SR-UKF is superior to that of the extended Kalman filter and the unscented Kalman filter.


We present a proposal for a static type system for a significant subset of JavaScript, dubbed SJS, with the goal of ensuring that objects have a statically known layout at the allocation time, which in turn enables an ahead-of-time (AOT) compiler to generate efficient code. The main technical challenge we address is to ensure fixed object layout, while supporting popular language features such as objects with prototype inheritance, structural subtyping, and method updates, with the additional constraint that SJS programs can run on any available standard JavaScript engine, with no deviation from JavaScript's standard operational semantics. The core difficulty arises from the way standard JavaScript semantics implements object attribute update with prototype-based inheritance. To our knowledge, combining a fixed object layout property with prototype inheritance and subtyping has not been achieved previously. We describe the design of SJS, both at the typesystem level and source level, along with a local type inference algorithm. We measured experimentally the effort required in adding the necessary typing annotations, and the effectiveness of a simple AOT compiler that exploits the fixed object layout property of SJS.


We developed a simple sol−gel chemistry-based opal infiltration method for the fabrication of high-quality planar titania photonic crystals. Polystyrene synthetic opals were infiltrated with a hydrophobic and air/moisture-stable liquid titania precursor. The high stability and hydrophobicity of the titania precursor enabled a new "lift-off/turn-over" backfilling technique that after calcination gives planar titania inverse opals with a flat and completely open surface, without the need for additional processing steps to remove any excess surface coating of the backfilling material. We also compare two different infiltration strategies and their influence on the structural and photonic properties. The obtained inverse opals display excellent photonic properties as evidenced by the presence of first-, second-, and third-order Bragg reflection peaks in accordance with theoretical photonic band structure calculations.


We compare here the scaling behaviour of the mean average crossing number hACNi of equilateral random walks in linear and closed form with the corresponding scaling observed in natural protein trajectories. We have shown recently that the scaling of hACNi of equilateral random walks of length n follows the relation hACNi = 3 16 nlnn+bn and that a similar result holds for equilateral random polygons. Furthermore, our earlier numerical studies indicated that when random polygons of length n are divided into individual knot types, the hACN(K)i for each knot type K can be described by a function of the form hACN(K)i = a(n n0)ln(n n0)+b(n n0)+c where a, b and c are constants depending on K and n0 is the minimal number of segments required to form K. Here we analyze in addition natural protein structures and observe that the relation hACNi = 3 16 nlnn + bn also describes accurately the scaling of hACNi of protein backbones.


Abstract To verify confidence of the measurement such as Firm performance of Entertainment system, Cronbach's alpha coefficient were measured and showed 0.7 or higher alpha values. Feasibility of the measurement is also ensured by exploratory factor analysis. This thesis are formulated and analyzed as two little hypotheses to make certain that systematization of entertainment company influences on the performance. As a result, the two hypotheses are significant influential factors on the performance of entertainment company. The result are somewhat predicted because it was constructed by theories and preceding research which the researcher had already recognized. But this study was conducted to provide suggestions to establish a theory of entertainment industry by active follow-up studies for resolving will-less different results in this field due to a lack of the proceding research. And it is required to be established through the academic interchange among the similar studies. Key Words :


Several methods of making nanostructured materials by chemical processing are discussed: pyrolysis of aerosols and gels, condensation of powder from the gas phase, and gas/solid reactions.


Opioid use for chronic non‐cancer pain (CNCP) is complex. In the absence of pan‐European guidance on this issue, a position paper was commissioned by the European Pain Federation (EFIC).


 The chemical investigation of the 90% EtOH extract from Cicadidae Periostracum led to the isolation and identification of seven known N -acetyldopamine dimers ( 1-7 ). These compounds were identified by comparing mass spectrometry data and NMR spectroscopic data with those previously reported. In this study, complete interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR data of 1 and 2 were reported for the first time. In addition, compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from this material for the first time. All isolates were obtained as racemic mixtures, as confirmed by chiral HPLC. Furthermore, we evaluated the neuroprotective activities of compounds 1–7 and found that compounds 1 , 5 , and 6 significantly attenuated rotenone-induced death of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells at a concentration of 100  M. Parallel to this result, compounds 3 and 6 displayed antioxidant effects in the cytoplasm, as determined by CM-H2DCFDA fluorescence intensity, while compounds 1 and 5 showed antioxidant effects in the mitochondria, as assessed by MitoSox fluorescence intensity. Overall, these results suggest that some of these compounds protect neuroblastoma cells by ameliorating the release of reactive oxygen species. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which these compounds exhibit antioxidant and neuroprotective actions


This paper proposes a new iterared local search (ILS) algorit.hm ihar escapes from local optima usin, a geuet ic crossover. In usual IL9 for solving the rraveling salesman problem, a double-bridge 4change move is geuerally employed as a useful technique to escape from t.he local opt ima fouud by a local search procedure. Proposed ILS uses a technique of crossover developed in a field of the genetic algorit.hms in spite of the double-bridge move. In our algorithm, !ve emplo\the disrauce preserviug crossover (UPX) proposed by Freislebeu and Merz. Therefore rhis DPS is performed as a special k-change ulove according to srates of t.wo solutions Lbat ueed fol crossover process. Experimeutal results demoust.rate t.hat proposed ILS Buds much better quality solutions than usual ILS using the double-bridge move. (:ousequeut.ly. this paper will show au efrect to employ tbe genet.ic crossover as the escape t.echuique.


INTRODUCTION: Asian faces generally are wider and flatter than Caucasian's. So, facial bone contouring procedures, which are malar and mandibular angle reduction surgeries, are particularly popular in Asia. After that, one of the potential consequences is soft tissue drooping in cheek or jowl.1, 2Patient with soft tissue drooping looks old and gloomy. Even though it has been increasing in popularity, there are no studies regarding this conceivable sequella and treatment. The author would like to discuss about facelift technique for the management of soft tissue drooping after facial bone contouring surgery.


Coupled with the fierce market competition, diversity and personality demand for customers, and requiring for higher quality and shorter delivery time, new product development seems to be particularly important for enterprises. Facing this situation, numerous enterprises explore new product development through establishing partnerships with others. Based on fuzzy mathematics theory, analyzed factors influencing partnership selection of new product development and their weight, evaluation index system was established. And analyzed one example applying fuzzy mathematics method, then partners satisfying product development request were singled out.


Abstract : Fixed film resistors were shelf-life and reliability tested. A statistical analysis performed on the 175 C no-load data indicated that 175 C no-load performance is dependent on range and that only the lowest ranges have any possibility of passing this test successfully. Manufacture of resistors for pilot plant testing was begun. Batch screening tests such as: pull, X-ray and noise have been incorporated into the Pilot Run manufacturing to eliminate 'sports' from the process.


This paper focuses on the way grating is counted by GAL and microcontroller. A method for eliminating accumulative error by using more than one zero point of grating is presented, and by modifying the counter and zero times of grating in non zero point, the problem to get the absolute displacement is solved. When grating is applied, it is easy to clear by mistake under noise setting, and if it is driven by step motor, this mistake can be judged by verifying the counter's change of every step. The counter can be restored automatically if the grating passes the nearest zero point according to the counter before mistakes happen.


To determine reference values for sonography‐based estimated fetal weight (EFW) in twin gestations in one single tertiary medical center in the United States.


QUIC has been recently proposed as an alternative transport protocol for web services requiring both low latency and end-to-end encryption. In a different direction, recent kernel-bypass techniques enabling high-speed packet I/O have fostered the development of scalable middleboxes and servers with the introduction of user-space network stacks. Attempting to join the best of both solutions, we introduce in this paper a modular L2--L7 network stack in user space based on QUIC. Our modular and scalable QUIC transport protocol called cQUIC is implemented in Click and uses Intel® DPDK for high-speed packet I/O. We prototype cQUIC and show at least an order of magnitude improvement over the Google QUIC server. We also show that cQUIC scalability is CPU (and not I/O) bounded due to the high cost of cryptographic operations. From real-world traffic traces, we observe that up to 18% of QUIC connections are established using the expensive 2-RTT handshake, limiting scalability further.


The present study deals with the primary lithology, sedimentary structures, depositional history and paleogeography of an Upper Cretaceous turbidite basin in the south-central Pyrenees, and presents a brief review of the lithology and depositional environment of surrounding contemporaneous deposits. During Coniacian to lower Maastrichtian, over a longitudinal distance of about 80 km along the present strike of the Pyrenees, thick series of calcareous turbidites, pebbly mudflows, slumps, sedimentary limestone breccias and marls accumulated, constituting what is termed the Vallcarga Formation. Sedimentary structures occurring in this formation indicate a relatively proximal site of deposition. A close study of the primary lithology of the Vallcarga sediments shows that they are largely composed of calcareous material derived from a shallow shelf, such as fossils, limestone rock fragments, intraclasts, pellets and micrite, with an additional admixture of terrigenous quartz and muscovite grains. A brief study was carried out in areas surrounding the Vallcarga Formation in which sediments of the same age are cropping out. Terrigenous material was supplied in areas to the NW and NE of the Upper Cretaceous basin, derived from granodioritic massifs exposed there, whereas in the southern part of the basin limestones were deposited, largely composed of reefal detritus. It is concluded that the turbidite basin was a small trough, and was brought about by increased local subsidence. In the westernmost part, this subsidence led to the formation of a fault-controlled submarine canyon, filled up with sedimentary breccias,possibly derived from the collapse and submarine erosion of an uprising diapire-like anticlinal structure. Field observations as well as measurements of current directions show that the basin was composed of three parts, separated partially or entirely by submarine swells. Each of these parts was filled up by currents flowing in a different direction, thus resembling the present basins off the coast of southern California.


This research is a quantitative causality study aimed at looking at the effect of credit risk and liquidity risk on the profitability of conventional banks ( 2015-2017). The sample used was 114 taken purposively from the population for three years. Data collection techniques are carried out in the documentation. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The classic assumption test carried out included the normality test, multicollinearity test, and heterokesdatisitas test. Hypothesis testing is done using t test and F test. The results of testing the t test hypothesis on credit risk variables obtained that credit risk has a negative and significant effect on the profitability of conventional banks. The t test carried out on liquidity risk variables obtained results that liquidity risk did not affect the profitability of conventional banks. Testing the test hypothesis F obtained the results that credit risk and liquidity risk jointly affect the profitability of conventional banks.


A plane-strain finite element analysis for patterned elastic-plastic layered media was performed in order to elucidate the effect of surface geometry on the deformation and stress fields due to normal and sliding contact. Surface interaction between the layered media and a rigid asperity was modeled with special contact elements. Results for the contact pressure distribution, surface tensile stress, and subsurface equivalent plastic strain are presented for layered media with different meandered and sinusoidal surfaces. The significance of surface patterning on the deformation behavior is interpreted in terms of stress and strain results illustrative of the tendency for crack initiation and plastic deformation in the first two layers, where deformation is confined in all simulation cases. Relations for the contact pressure concentration factor and onset of yielding in the first (hard) layer are derived from finite element results for indented layered media with sinusoidal surface patterns. Predictions for the indentation depth at the onset of yielding based on the developed yield criterion are shown to be in good agreement with those obtained from finite element simulations.


The report form is the enterprise application system's important component, the outstanding report form may carry on the filtration, the merge, the statistics, the analysis to the essential data, providing an intuitive form of expression and provides the good basis for the decision-making. At present the Major industry relative is not mature based on the B/S report form system development pattern, the development personnel are mostly write the code according to the physical demand to realize the data analysis, processing, the development function directly, such will realize the way to do the repetition work, for instance in many projects will need through the report data and the graph unfolds the service tendency, as for the development time granularity, the region granularity, the data latitude and the target will be actually various, the result will be different. In the project the similar functional need repeatedly develops, summarizes is the reusability low, the extendibility difference, the maintainability is bad, the development cost is high. In order to solve the above problem, this article proposed that carries on the top level to the current service demand the abstract, realizes one to be able to unify the analytical data, the processing data, the development information report form engine, this report form engine concentrates service logic realization, with the concrete service separation, can help the development personnel to construct the report form application system stably fast. Has applied based on this report form engine development's report form system in some provincial level telecommunication operator, looked from a period of time's operational aspect, the systems operation is stable, the extendibility is good, in the multi-user concurrent inquiry, in the great data quantity inquiry's situation, the system performance satisfies the user's needs, obtained user's approval and the high praise. Because introduces this report form engine, the report form system's development cycle reduces largely, the development and the maintenance cost reduced largely, have achieved system's development goal


We report organic solar cells fabricated with small-molecule organic semiconductor tetracene∕C60 heterojunction as the photoactive layer. The external power conversion efficiency of the devices under AM 1.5 solar illumination at 100mW∕cm2 (1 sun) is 2.3±0.5% with relatively high open-circuit voltage (Voc=0.58±0.06V) compared to most of the other small-molecular donor-acceptor (D-A) heterojunction solar cells reported so far. Using atomic force microscopy and x-ray diffraction we found that tetracene thin films consist of submicron-sized grains with rough surface and well defined molecular order. Therefore, using high mobility polycrystalline tetracene thin films for D-A heterojunction devices dramatically increases area of tetracene and C60 interface for exciton diffusion to reduce the recombination.


Do war crimes tribunals or truth commissions satisfy victims of war and atrocity and provide psychological relief from war-induced trauma? Do they make victims less vengeful and less likely to engage in or support violent retribution? Or does the experience of post-conflict justice simply reinforce and exacerbate emotional and psychological suffering? Answers to these questions are central to the logic of truth-telling's peace-promoting effects in post-authoritarian and post-war societies. Indeed, one of transitional justice's core arguments is that victims of wartime abuse demand truth and justice. These arguments, however, assume that truth-telling processes, on average, provide psychological and emotional benefits to victims. Some critics have argued, however, that they actually cause more harm than good. Although victims' preferences for truth and justice are well documented, we know considerably less about their actual impact. This article assesses that impact by surveying the extant empirical evidence from prominent cases of transitional justice, as well as research in forensic and clinical psychology. It finds a paltry empirical record that offers little support for claims of either salutary or harmful effects of post-conflict justice. Although there is little * David Mendeloff is Associate Professor of International Affairs at the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa, where he is also Director of the Centre for Security and Defence Studies. Acknowledgements: For comments on earlier drafts I thank Clifford Bob, Eric Brahm, Jean Daudelin, Joel Peters, Naomi Roht-Arriaza, Laura Stovel, Harvey Weinstein, the participants of the "Responses to Atrocity Workshop," University of Wisconsin, Madison, 21 April 2007, and the editors of Human Rights Quarterly. Véronique McKinnon and Scott Lofquist-Morgan provided valuable research assistance. I gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Centre for Security and Defence Studies of the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University. 2009 Trauma and Vengeance: Assessing Post-Conflict Justice 593 evidence that truth-telling in general dramatically harms individuals, the notion that formal truth-telling processes satisfy victims' need for justice, ease their emotional and psychological suffering, and dampen their desire for vengeance, remains highly dubious.


The classical passive radar has very low sensitivity in the direction of the transmitter. The sensitivity losses in this direction are caused by the direct signal removal procedure. The application of digital reconstruction algorithms can significantly reduce this problem and enable a passive radar to detect targets in forward scattering geometry. This geometry leads to a significant increase of the target radar cross-section and thus an increase of the detection range of a passive radar. This paper presents a detailed discussion of the detection range and limitations exploiting forward scattering geometry.


To achieve both natural non-aging property and bake hardenability, provides superior strain aging hardening type steel sheet aging resistance after baking finish. By mass%, C: 0.0010~0.010%, Si: 0.005~1.0%, Mn: 0.08~1.0%, P: 0.003~0.10%, S: 0.0005~0.020%, Al: 0.010~0.10%, Cr: 0.005~0.20%, Mo: 0.005~0.20%, Ti: 0.002~0. 10%, Nb: 0.002~0.10%, N: containing 0.001 to 0.005%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, the ferrite fraction is 98% or more, ferrite an average particle size of 5 to 30 [mu] m, a minimum value of the dislocation density in the 1/2 thickness portion and the surface layer portion of the sheet thickness is at 5 ×


Objective To compare the diagnostic value of strain ratio measure method and Itoh scoring system,improved 5-scoring system for differentiation breast benign and malignant solid lesions.Methods Two hundred and sixty-nine patients with 377 lesions(278 benign,99 malignant)were included in the study.The lesion were scored with hoh scoring system and improved 5-scoring system respectively.By the strain ratio measure method equipped with the ultrasonic machine,strain ratio of the lesion was calculated,with 3.08 as the cut-off pont.According to pathologic diagnosis,the diagnostic performance of the 3 methods was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results The area under curve(AUC)of strain ratio measure method was 0.965,that of improved 5-scoring system was 0.951,and that of Itoh scoring system 0.907.The diagnostic performance of strain ratio measure method was almost in the same with improved 5-scoring system(P>0.05),better than hoh system(P=0.021).For the lesions scoring 3 and 4 with improved 5-scoring system,strain ratio measure method had higher accuracy than improved 5-scoring system.Conclusions Strain ratio measure method could provide a new,more objective diagnostic standard for ultrasonic elastography.

Key words:
Ultrasonography; Breast diseases; Strain ratio; Elastography