We have been reporting the effects of acrylamide on the growth, reproduction, and lifespan of C. elegans as a biosensor (Hasegawa et al., 2004; Hasegawa et al., 2007). We have now combined the PA14 fast-killing experimental method (Tan et al., 1999) with the xenobiotic acrylamide as a model system to be used for testing various xenobiotics, both phytoand man made-chemicals, for their effect on the innate immune system of C. elegans. We are now characterizing mutants responsive to this system. The procedure we have developed:


BSTRACT Angiofibroma is a benign vascular tumour of adolescent males. Extra-nasopharyngeal localisations are rare with atypical clinical characteristics. Authors report a case of a 22 year patient with a laryngeal localisation and emphasize on the difficulties encountered for the management of this case. RESUME L'angiofibrome est une tumeur vasculaire benigne de l'adolescent de sexe masculin. Les localisations extranasopharyngees sont rares et presentent des caracteristiques cliniques atypiques. Les auteurs rapportent le cas d' un patient de 22 ans avec une localisation laryngee en relevant les difficultes rencontrees dans la prise en charge.


Ethyl benzoylacetate 1 reacts with anthranilonitrile 2a to afford the quinoline derivative 3 along with the pyrido[3,2-c]quinoline derivative 5. Compounds 3 and 5 were allowed to react with malononitrile 6a and with ethylcyanoacetate 6b to afford the pyridoquinoline derivatives 8 and 9 and the pyranopyridoquinoline derivatives 10 and 11 respectively. The reaction of 1 with 1,2-phenylenediamine 2b, 2-aminophenol 2c and 2-aminothiophenol 2d afforded the novel diazepinone derivative 12b and the N-alkylation products 14a and 14b respectively.


Distribution in Parallel Programs for Distributed Memory Multiprocessors Michael Gerndt University of Vienna Institute for Statistics and Computer Science Ratllausstr. 19/11/3 A-101O Vienna, Austria EMAIL: A4424DANQAWlUNIl l. bitnet One of the most important issues in parallel programming for distributed memory multiprocessors is to distribute data and work in a cooperative way, so that data are mostly available where they are needed. This paper discusses masking, a technique to distribute work among parallel processes running on a distributed memory multiprocessor. This technique was developed for the parallelization of Fortran 77 programs for the SUP RENUM supercomputer. In the semi-automatic parallelization system SUPERB we implemented masking on the basis of a user defined data distribution. Both concepts, data and work distribution, are very general concepts and can be applied to parallel programs for all kinds of multiprocessors based on memory hierarchies.


Background: The most common cause of hyperthyroidism and the most common autoimmune disorder in Toxic goiter is Grave's disease. Antithyroid medications, radioiodine therapy, and surgery have all been employed in the treatment of this disease. Nevertheless, thyroidectomy remains an important option for correcting hyperthyroidism. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare both total and Near total thyroidectomy as regard "Outcome, Complications and Curability" in patients with controlled Toxic Goiter. Patients and Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study included a total of 84 patients with toxic goiter, attending at Endocrine Surgery Unit, General Surgery Department, Mansoura University Hospitals. This study was conducted between February 2018 and January 2019. The included subjects were randomly divided into two groups; Group 1 (TT) consisted of 42 patients underwent total thyroidectomy, Group 2 (NTT) consisted of 42 patients underwent near total thyroidectomy. Results: Compared to Near total thyroidectomy, total thyroidectomy gave better results regarding the recurrence of toxic manifestations which occurred in 7% of cases 1 year later. Conclusion: It could be concluded that total thyroidectomy (TT) gives good results in management of patients with toxic goiter compared to near total thyroidectomy (NTT). Total thyroidectomy (TT) is advised to be done in patients with toxic goiter due to less liability for postoperative recurrence, provided to be done by experienced endocrine surgeon in a qualified center.


This title tells the story of the Scots from the desperate Dark Ages to the terrible 20th century. It provides facts on cool kings, cruel kings, mean queens and wise women. Find out about William Wallace, sick Scottish torture techniques and gory Scottish ghost stories.


The development of Internet technology has witnessed much interpersonal communication change from paper-based into digital form. Although the advent of Internet has led to the decline of paper-¬based communication, it also brings opportunities to revive traditional forms of communication. To revive traditional postcard sharing, I present here FilmLocker, a mobile application allows users to link a digital video to customize physical postcard. This project aims to enhance user's interpersonal communication, keep their travel memories and improve emotional expression by combining permanent physical postcard with impermanent digital augmented videos.


Abstract : Freeze desiccation of foods is based on the use of a solid desiccant for the adsorption of water vapor which sublimes from the frozen food at a reduced pressure. Desorption isotherms of the food and adsorption isotherms of the desiccant were used for the calculation of the quantities of desiccant necessary to obtain different pre-determined residual moisture contents of the food. An equation and a curve were developed for this purpose. The new method compares favorably with conventional freeze dehydration. It offers the specific advantages of accurate control of the end point residual moisture in the food. For moisture contents above about 5%, the use of silica gel as a desiccant was found to be very suitable. For moisture contents below this limit, substitution of molecular sieves for the silica gel in a two-stage desiccation process was necessary in order to desorb the more firmly bound water. (Author)


Dynamic Software Update(DSU) is a technique, which updates a new version of the software to a running process without stopping. Many DSU systems that update C application programs are introduced. However, these DSU systems differ in implementation method or in main features. In this paper, we propose a new DSU system that can solve some disadvantages of existing DSU systems. DSU system presented in this paper splits existing program to code, global data and local data and then updates each part of the program considering the characteristics of the respective parts. The proposed system in this paper is implemented and tested on Linux. Also, we compared our DSU system with other DSU systems and we could find some strength of our DSU system. First, the code memory usage of our DSU system can be efficient since our system does not need to maintain code of an old version. Second, the global data memory waste is small because our system does not need to allocate the global data again which is not modified in the new version. Finally, we restore local data of old version in stack area of the new version using stack reconstruction technique. This paper is meaningful since we proposed a new DSU method and we implemented a full DSU system using the method.


Objective Establish whether the reliable measurement of cardiac time intervals of the fetal ECG can be automated and to address whether this approach could be used to investigate large datasets. Design Retrospective observational study. Setting Teaching hospitals in London UK, Nottingham UK and New York USA. Participants Singleton pregnancies with no known fetal abnormality. Methods Archived fetal ECG's performed using the MonicaAN24 monitor. A single ECG (PQRST) complex was generated from 5000 signal-averaged beats and electrical cardiac time intervals measured in an automated way and manually. Main Outcome measure Validation of a newly developed algorithm to measure the cardiac time intervals of the fetal ECG. Results 188/236 (79.7%) subjects with fECGs of suitable signal:noise ratio were included for analysis comparing manual with automated measurement. PR interval was measured in 173/188 (92%), QRS complex in 170/188 (90%) and QT interval in 123/188 (65.4%). PR interval was 107.6 (12.07) ms [mean(SD)] manual vs 109.11 (14.7) ms algorithm. QRS duration was 54.72(6.35) ms manual vs 58.34(5.73) ms algorithm. QT-interval was 268.93 (21.59) ms manual vs 261.63 (36.16) ms algorithm. QTc was 407.5(32.71) ms manual vs 396.4 (54.78) ms algorithm. The QRS-duration increased with gestational age in both manual and algorithm measurements. Conclusion Accurate measurement of fetal ECG cardiac time intervals can be automated with potential application to interpretation of larger datasets.


Mafic and felsic intrusive rocks aged 2.5–2.4 Ga have been observed over a large area in eastern and northern Finland, as well as in adjacent northwestern Russia. We describe three granite intrusions and associated dykes from Kainuu, Finland, that belong to this bimodal magmatic event. All these three granites show clear A2-type chemical affinities with high Y/Nb, HREE, Fe/Mg, Ga and Nb. Two of the intrusions, Rasinkylä and Pussisvaara, were dated at 2425±3 and 2427±3 Ma, respectively, using thermal ionisation mass spectrometry utilizing the chemical abrasion method (CA-TIMS). CA-TIMS ages are supported by single-grain age determinations obtained by using Laser Ablation Multicollector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (LA-MC-ICPMS). New data on the previously described Rasimäki granite from southern Kainuu is presented, including an age of 2389±5 Ma obtained with LA-MC-ICPMS. The variable magnetite content of the granites is proposed to reflect the differences in the oxidation state of the source, which in our interpretation is the local Archean lower crust. Partial melting and the emplacement of the granites occurred in an extensional environment. Heat for the partial melting was provided by mafic magmas under and intraplating the extended crust.


What is the appeal of facial caricatures? The authors believe that it is not just geometrical exaggeration, but the uniqueness of artist's impression of the target face. This paper proposes a novel system that can draw facial caricatures interactively reflecting the user's impression. The proposed system adopts the interactive genetic algorithm (IGA), and is called "NIGAO" that is a Japanese word meaning a facial caricature.


This article presents the comprehensive study results of the performance of universities which are the winners of the "Leadership in the region and/or industry" track of the "Priority 2030" program. The research included a comparison of the results of 3 groups of universities of this track, determined by the results of the competition. The participation of these groups of universities in the main strategic initiatives in the field of the higher education system development in 2006–2020 is considered; indicators for the main areas of university activities were selected and grouped, namely, educational, scientific and innovation, international and financial. The comparative analysis of aggregate indicators of recent years is based on the Displaced Ideal Method. This made it possible not only to determine the current positions of universities belonging to the examined track, but also to identify a number of problems in their activities that need to be solved in the coming years to strengthen their contribution to the socio-economic development of the regions. The results of the comprehensive analysis can be used not only by the current participants of the "Leadership in the region and/or industry" track of the "Priority 2030" program, but also by universities that only plan to take part in this program in the near future and the expert community engaged in research in the field of higher education development in Russia.


This paper focuses on the EU discourse on Higher Education and analyses this discourse within the context of globalisation. Importance is attached to the issues of lifelong learning, competitiveness, diversification, entrepreneurship, access, knowledge society, modernisation, quality assurance, innovation and creativity, governance and business–HE partnerships. The paper also provides a critical analysis of this discourse focusing on certain issues involved in policy borrowing and transfer, the corporatisation of HE, international competition with the USA and Asia and the implications of all these aspects of the dominant EU HE policy discourse for HE and the public sphere. The paper seeks to tease out the tension that exists in the discourse between neo‐liberal tenets and the idea of a Social Europe. References throughout the paper will be made to the situation concerning HE in a variety of contexts in Europe.


Given the typological differences between Chinese and English, the question arises whether and how topic-prominent (TP) features affect the English development of L1-Chinese learners. The present study explores this question by examining the non-target-like structures surfacing in learners' interlanguage. 200 essays were randomly selected from the Spoken and Written English Corpus of Chinese Learners, taking two factors into consideration: English proficiency level and production form (written and oral). One major manifestation of interlanguage structures (i.e. topic-comment constructions, categorized into six types) was tagged, and the processes by which the structures are formed were analyzed to explore the relative difficulty of unlearning them. The study revealed that as learners' English proficiency improves, the incidence of structures with TP features decreases (intermediate learners: 3.77%; advanced: 2.30%), approximating their incidence in the subject-prominent language English, fewer structures with TP features are found in the learners' oral (4.76%) than their written (1.31%) production, and the frequencies of six types of topic-comment construction differ markedly. In light of our findings, we propose a hierarchy for the difficulty of unlearning TP features.


The invention provides a car sharing method based on multiple taxies. The method includes the steps of obtaining starting point information and finishing point information of a first passenger of a first taxi and generating a first riding path, obtaining starting point information and finishing point information of a second passenger and generating a second riding path, calculating an overlapping path according to the first riding path and the second riding path, obtaining starting point information and finishing point information of a third passenger of a second taxi and generating a third path, and sending out car changing and sharing prompts if the third path and the overlapping path intersect and the finishing point information of the first passenger is in the third path. The method is easy to operate, can solve the problem that a lot of money and time are consumed on car sharing due to big differences of the destinations and allows the passengers of the taxies to change the taxies reasonably, taxi resources can be well mobilized, and cost of drivers and the passengers is reduced. Meanwhile, the invention provides a car sharing system and a server based on the taxies.


The present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted for investigating the effect of diuretics on the outcomes of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for the treatment of urinary stones. We performed searches of PubMed, Web of science, Embase, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases from inception to November 2019. RCTs were selected for assessing the effects of diuretics on fragmentation and clearance of urinary stones. The search strategy and study selection process were performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Four RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, intervention groups experienced significant improvements in fragmentation compared with the control groups (risk ratio [RR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–1.03, P = 0.02). However, stone clearance did not significantly differ between the intervention and control groups (RR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.97–1.56, P = 0.08). The total numbers of shocks and sessions required were significantly reduced by the use of diuretics. Diuretics significantly enhance stone fragmentation for patients undergoing SWL. However, the improvement in stone clearance appears to be insignificant.


A one-step method for the transformation of 3α,5-cyclo-6β-methyl ethers of steroids into the corresponding 3α,5-cyclo-6-ketones under the action of methyl (trifluoromethyl) dioxirane has been developed. The possibilities of the method have been demonstrated by preparing 3-dehydrotesterone, the biosynthetic precursor of brassinolide.


This article put forward a low-cost plan for updating system.In the case of unchanging the peripheral equip-ment of original system,the pin of ATmega16 SCM can be compatible with the pin of 51 series SCM through circuitry conversion on a circuit board.This is a new idea which makes good sense for updating SCM experimental apparatus in school.Moreover,it presented a concreat shceme for innovating SCM experimental implementation as well as the de-tailed process related to a classical experiment.


External public debt is not only a means of raising funds to finance public needs, but also an effective tool for stabilizing a country`s economic development, the assessment and analysis of which allows making effective management decisions at the state level and developing effective measures to improve the economic and debt situation. The paper aims to assess the impact of external public debt on Ukraine's economic development indicators (GDP, foreign direct investment, foreign exchange reserves). In order to achieve the stated goal distributed lag models are used, which allow modeling a country's economic development (according to key indicators) within certain forecast scenarios. The study covers the period from 2009 to 2021. An analysis of the dynamics of external public debt in Ukraine led to the conclusion about the unstable debt situation in Ukraine and a significant increase in external debt in recent years. Econometric models with a distributed lag of three years are built and the results of the influence of external public debt in different time periods are analyzed. The average lag in the built models is about one and a half years (for GDP) and two and a half years (for foreign direct investment). This value indicates that the average change (increase/decrease) in external public debt will change economic development over time. A positive conclusion is made on the possibility of not only assessing the time lag between the indicators, but also on the prospects for forecasting both the public debt and key indicators of Ukraine`s economic development.
AcknowledgmentThe article was published as part of research projects "Convergence of economic and educational transformations in the digital society: modeling the impact on regional and national security" (No. 0121U109553) and "Reforming the lifelong learning system in Ukraine for the prevention of the labor emigration: a coopetition model of institutional partnership" (No. 0120U102001).


Title of the Thesis : Studies on the effect of quercetin on diabetic wound and hypertension in rats Name of the Student & Registration No. : Mahrukh Ahmad (J-12-D-42-V) Major Subject : Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Name and Designation of Major Advisor : Dr. Mudasir Sultana Professor and Head, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, F.V.Sc & A.H, R.S. Pura, Jammu. Degree to be awarded : Ph.D (Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology) Year of award of Degree : 2016 Name of the University : Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K) The present study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of quercetin on streptozotocin-induced-diabetes, diabetic wound and DOCA salt induced hypertension in Wistar rats. Rats of 150-200g body weight were divided into six groups of six animals each and were subjected to various daily oral treatment regimes for 21 days to determine the effect of quercetin on diabetic wound healing. For evaluating the effect of quercetin on hypertension male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six animals each and were subjected to various daily oral treatment regimes for six weeks. Oral administration of quercetin @100mg/kg B.W for 21 days in diabetic rats normalized the altered blood glucose, TC, HDL, triglycerides, LDL, protein profile, plasma urea nitrogen, creatinine and antioxidant biomarkers (MDA, SOD, CAT, GST, GPx). Topical application of quercetin ointment (15%) on the excised wound in diabetic wistar rats was sufficient enough to heal the wound area. Hypertension was induced in uninephrectomized wistar rats by weekly twice subcutaneous injection of DOCA @25mg/kg B.W for six consecutive weeks. Treating the hypertensive rats with quercetin @20 mg/kg B.W for six weeks significantly reduced (P<0.05) the mean arterial pressure. Furthermore, the lipid profile was improved along with other biochemical (plasma urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, SGOT, SGPT) and oxidative stress parameters (MDA, CAT, SOD, GST, GPx). Therefore, it is concluded that quercetin @ 100mg/kg B.W has antidiabetic potential. Wound healing property has been excellently produced by 15% topical application alone and 15% topical application + 100mg/kg B.W orally. Quercetin @ 20mg/kg B.W for six weeks in rats was sufficient enough to reduce DOCA-salt induced hypertension.


A 58-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray, film, which was pointed out at a medical checkup, though she had no complaint. CT scan revealed a tumor corresponding to fat CT value at the anterior mediastinal region, and an operation was performed under a diagnosis of mediastinal lipoma. The resected specimen weighed 340g without surrounding infiltration. Pathological examination showed that the tumor was thymic lipoma. Thirty-six cases of thymic lipoma have been reported in Japan so far. There were 13 males and 23 female, with an averaged age of 36.6 years. This disease was often asymptomatic and commonly detected at medical checkup. Five patients were complicated by Myasthenia gravis. In the diagnosis of this disease CT scan is useful. Recently this disease has been increasingly seen in the literature and been considered not so rare as before. A recent widespread use of CT may contribute to this tendency.


The financial crisis is today's most challenging issue faced by political and economic leaders across Europe and the world. It has been commented at length in recent months, including with respect to the European Union's contribution to a solution thereto. Away from the polemics, this article takes a comprehensive look at the European Commission's enforcement of EC competition law, in particular State aid rules, in the framework of the financial crisis. It is divided into two parts corresponding to what the author views as the two main policy options pursued by the Commission, namely: (i) "flexibility on the means"; but (ii) "consistency in the principles".Those options appear to condition the possibility and legitimacy of the Commission's involvement in managing the crisis and have actually enabled the Commission to play a critical role so far, which, given the circumstances, has evolved into one of coordination between the 27 EU Member States' respective economic policies.


Mandatory compensation discIosure can have great impact on the structure of corporate governance. Our empirical results show that mandatory compensation disclosure decreases major stockholders' and foreign investment institutions' importance in overseeing performance-contingent rewards. A1 so, consistent with the entrenchment hypothesis, our findings indicate 由at managerial stock ownership exerts a negative effect on the link between employee compensation and firm performance and that mandatory information disclosure does not mitigate this negative effect. Compared with regular shareholders, major stockholders and foreign investment institutions are more capable of and motivated in monitoring managers ' self-interested behavior. Mandatory disclosure facilitates compensation oversight and contributes to the improvement of co叩orate govemance


An improved compact model for radiation effect characterization in SOI MOSFETs is presented. This model is proposed by considering the threshold voltage degradation as a function of the total dose. The standard Berkeley BSIMSOI3 Verilog-A code implemented in ICCAP software was applied as a basis for modelling work.The accuracy of the model has been verified by comparison of simulated and measured post-radiation device characteristics of partially depleted (PD) SOI MOSFETs.


Today, robots are no longer limited to laboratory experiments; they have found their way into our homes. Being a physical entity itself, a robot can provide the functionality a regular computer does not possess. In the AIBO Monitor project, we use a domestic robot dog as a mediator for people to remotely monitor their home environment. Several design ideas have been explored and are presented in an attempt to maximize the user awareness of the robot's interaction with the environment.


This paper introduces the cause of rubbing vibration and the vibration signal characteristics for a large steam turbine-generator unit,combined with the actual data in the starting process,gathering up on-site the signal characteristics of the rub-impact fault vibration and diagnosis methods.


The articles in this special issue on embedded memories present several answers to the eternal problem of trading off memory capacity, speed, and power. Unsurprisingly, each article describes attempts to find the best new memory technology. Test people, however, see memories differently: design people worry about how things work; test people worry about how things break. Although new memory technology is exciting, designers of embedded memories and researchers might be well advised to think more about making memories play better with the rest of the design rather than simply making them faster, denser, and less power hungry.


Author bios  Marion Poetz is Associate Professor of Innovation Management at the Department of   Strategy and Innovation at Copenhagen Business School (CBS), and Scientific Director of   the Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft's Open Innovation in Science Center (LBG OIS Center)   in Vienna. Her research focuses on antecedents, consequences and contingencies of     open and collaborative research and innovation processes. As a principle investigator in   several large-scale research projects, she currently manages research groups around  these topics in both Denmark and Austria. Marion has been an academic advisor and  consultant to organizations from various industries including national and international    firms and policy-making institutions and is a member of the Young Global Leaders of the   World Economic Forum (WEF).


Unlike traditional recommender systems, which make recommendations only by using the relation between users and items, a context-aware recommender system makes recommendations by incorporating available contextual information into the recommendation process. One problem of context-aware approaches is that it is required techniques to extract such additional information in an automatic manner. In this paper, we propose to use two text mining techniques which are applied to textual data to infer contextual information automatically: named entities recognition and topic hierarchies. We evaluate the proposed technique in four context-aware recommender systems. The empirical results demonstrate that by using named entities and topic hierarchies we can provide better recommendations.


Objective: To study the genetoxicity of nano-hydroxyapatite/collogen (nHAC) in vitro and the influence on primary cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblast-like cells(PDLF) and rabbit osteoblasts by nHAC. Methods: The Ames test, MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity test were carried out to evaluate the influence on the mutagenesis rates of murine typhoid salmonella, on the PDLF and rabbit osteoblasts by different density nHAC leaching liquid. Results: The mutagenesis rates of murine typhoid salmonella in the experimental groups of all dosage levers were less then 2, and nHAC would not cause the increase of the back mutation in murine typhoid salmonella. The PDLF proliferation rate was normal in the infusion compared to standard DMEM culture medium. Infusion had no effects on the functional expression of rabbit osteoblasts. Conclution: nHAC has not the inherited toxicity, and induces no cytotoxicity effect on the activity of PDLF and osteoblasts. It can be used as a tissue engineering scaffold.


An automated testing system of multi parameters of FOG based on Visual C++is developed.The system consists of four functional modules:USB communication,data storage and real-time display,data self-analysis and automated word report getting.The USB communication module is realized to get data from the USB port(realized by FPGA and USB controlling chip)and send it to the computer;the data storage and real-time display module is mainly realized by Measurement Studio developed by NI,which is used to display and store data;the data self-analysis module is used to get the data character we care;the automated word report getting part makes it easy to get results of parameters of FOG and form the testing report.The presented system has been used and tested repeatedly in the production and research of FOG.Results show that it has high degree of automation and reliable performances.


In this letter, a novel approach to fast three-dimensional (3-D) localization of flying objects for their interception by a micro aerial vehicle (MAV) is presented. The proposed method utilizes a depth image from a stereo camera to facilitate onboard detection of drones, flying in its proximity. The method does not rely on using any kind of markers, which enables localization of non-cooperating drones. This approach strongly relaxes the requirements on the drones to be detected, and the detection algorithm is computationally undemanding enough to process images online, onboard an MAV with limited computational resources. This allows using the detection system in the control feedback of an autonomous aerial intercepting system. Output of the detection algorithm is filtered by a 3-D multi-target tracking algorithm to reduce false positives, preserve temporal consistency of the detections, and to predict positions of the drones (e.g., to compensate camera and processing delays). We demonstrate the importance of the advances in flying object localization, presented in this letter, in an experiment with an intruder-interceptor scenario, which would be unfeasible using state-of-the-art detection and localization methods.


In this article, we show how to define distance functions for multi-edged graphs, either with vertices being labelled or unlabelled. These metrics are constructed mainly based on the minimal matching for multi-sets. In the end, we implement such metrics based on adjacent matrices. These metrics provide some important applications in the real world.


A comparative numerical study on a 12th-century masonry tower located in northern Italy is described. To assess the safety of the tower under seismic loads, different numerical analyses have been performed: nonlinear static, limit, and nonlinear full dynamic analyses. In the first two cases, a full three-dimensional (3D) detailed finite element model (FEM) is adopted, changing the seismic load direction and assuming different hypotheses for the interconnection between the core and the external walls. When dealing with the FEM incremental analysis, a commercial code is utilized assuming for masonry a smeared crack isotropic model. For limit analysis, a noncommercial full 3D code developed by the authors is utilized. It provides good estimates of limit loads and failure mechanisms to compare with standard FEM results. The dynamical analyses have been performed by a specific two-dimensional (2D) rigid body and spring model (RBSM), accounting for the asymmetries along the thickness and the irregularities of thickness of both the external and internal walls in an approximate but realistic way. Four different accelerograms are utilized—passing from low to high seismicity zones—to evaluate the performance of the tower under dynamic loads. From numerical results, the role played by the actual geometry of the tower is envisaged, as well as a detailed comparison of failure mechanisms provided by the incremental FEM and limit analysis is provided. In all cases, the numerical analysis has given a valuable picture of possible damage mechanisms providing useful hints for the introduction of structural monitoring.


1. A method of producing an acetate salt of the methyl ester of (2R, 3S) -3-phenylisoserine (I)! ! which comprises the following steps: a) treatment of racemic threo 3-fenilizoserinamida (VI)! ! enantiomerically pure organic acid to obtain the corresponding salt formed from (2R, 3S) -3-fenilizoserinamida and acid; ! b) treatment of the salt formed from (2R, 3S) -3-fenilizoserinamida and acid, a strong inorganic acid in a protic solvent to obtain the salt formed from (2R, 3S) -3-fenilizoserinamida and an inorganic acid; ! c) treating the salt formed from (2R, 3S) -3-fenilizoserinamida and inorganic acids, with hydrochloric acid in a protic solvent followed by treatment with acetic acid to crystallize the acetate salt of the methyl ester of (2R, 3S) -3-phenylisoserine (I). ! 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the enantiomerically pure organic acid of step a) is (+) - tartaric acid or (-) - dibenzoyltartaric acid and the solvent is ethanol. ! 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein step b) is carried out using sulfuric or hydrochloric acid in ethanol as solvent. ! 4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the protic solvent of step c) is methanol and the acetate salt of methyl ester of (2R, 3S) -3-phenylisoserine (I) is crystallized from a mixture of ethyl acetate and heptane. ! 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the protic solvent of step c) is methanol and the acetate salt of methyl ester of (2R, 3S) -3-phenylisoserine (I) is crystallized from a mixture of ethyl acetate and heptane. ! 6. (2R, 3S) -3-fenilizoserinamid salt form (-) - tartaric or (-) - dibenzoyltartaric acid.


We address the problem of classifying sparsely labeled networks, where labeled nodes in the network are extremely scarce. Existing algorithms, such as collective classification, have been shown to be effective for jointly deriving labels of related nodes, by exploiting class label dependencies among neighboring nodes. However, when the underlying network is sparsely labeled, most nodes have too few or even no connections to labeled nodes. This makes it very difficult to leverage supervised knowledge from labeled nodes to accurately estimate label dependencies, thereby largely degrading the classification accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel discriminative matrix factorization (DMF) based algorithm that effectively learns a latent network representation by exploiting topological paths between labeled and unlabeled nodes, in addition to nodes' content information. The main idea is to use matrix factorization to obtain a compact representation of the network that fully encodes nodes' content information and network structure, and unleash discriminative power inferred from labeled nodes to directly benefit collective classification. To achieve this, we formulate a new matrix factorization objective function that integrates network representation learning with an empirical loss minimization for classifying node labels. An efficient optimization algorithm based on conjugate gradient methods is proposed to solve the new objective function. Experimental results on real-world networks show that DMF yields superior performance gain over the state-of-the-art baselines on sparsely labeled networks.


Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized clinically by progressive memory deterioration. The disease becomes clinically obvious as an insidious higher intellectual function impairment with altered mood and behavior, dramatic personality changes, disorientation, declining physical coordination and inability to care for themselves. Histopathological changes including extracellular deposits of amyloid-beta (A-beta) peptides forming senile plaques (SP) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. During final stages, victims are bedridden, urinary and bowel function controls may be lost with epileptic attacks. Death is usually due to pneumonia, bedsores or secondary urinary tract infections. These manifestations may indicate severe cortical dis-function. In 5-10 year time, affected individual becomes profoundly disabled, mute and immobile. Death may ensue within an average of 8 years of diagnosis, the last 3 of which are typically spent in institutions. AD is the number one cause of institutionalization in United States of America. An appraisal of the advances in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease will be helpful in updating our knowledge on possible etiologies and desired advancements in therapies, clinical care and entire management. Secondly, with the rising cases of AD in tropical regions of the world and coupled with the significant scarcity of literature on Alzheimer's Disease, the need for this compendium becomes obviously necessary, hence we chose to write. This very review derives from focused overview of pathophysiologies and management of AD. Literature searches were sourced from PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar.


In the last two decades a great number of studies have shown the presence of cytokines (peptides with immunoregulatory action) in the placenta of mammals independently of the type of placenta they have. Though fundamental theories have thrown light on the intricate network of cytokines at the materno-fetal interface, the specific role of cytokines in growth and survival of the semiallogeneic embryo in the maternal tissues is still largely unknown. We recently showed that cytokines are also expressed by the placenta of non-mammalian vertebrates, including squamate reptiles andelasmobranch fishes. Therefore we suggest that cytokines are universal mediators in vertebrates and that their expression plays such a fundamental role in the development of placental viviparity it could not be lost during the evolutionary process.


A 34-year-old heterosexual intravenous drug abuser presented with a paranoid psychosis and was subsequently found to have the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The patient died 14 days later of generalised septicaemia. The case is reported and the aetiology and pathogenesis of the organic psychosis are discussed. It is anticipated that similar psychiatric manifestations will occur as the AIDS epidemic increases.


The diversity of different life-forms, their conquest of virtually all available habitats, and their
seemingly limitless ability to adapt to new ecological challenges show that structural and
physiological specializations of a few basic building plans uniquely match plants and
animals to the specific lives they lead.


OBJECTIVES
This RCT compares marginal bone level (MBL) change and the clinical parameters after a 3-year function in maxillary implant-supported fixed complete dentures (FCDs) treated with four-implants(4-I) or 6-implants(6-I).

MATERIAL AND METHOD
Three centres treated 56 patients with 280 implants allocated to the 4-I or 6-I group. Radiographic and clinical examinations were performed. The primary outcome was to investigate MBL change between the groups.

RESULTS
Implant survival rates were 100% and 99% in the 4-I and 6-I groups, respectively. Considering the clustering effects, the MBL change was not significantly different between the groups over the 3-year follow-up. The MBL in the 4-I group was 0.30±0.50mm at baseline, 0.24±0.31mm at 1-year and 0.24±0.38mm at 3-year. In the 6-I group, MBL was 0.14±0.32mm at baseline, 0.16±0.35mm at 1-year and 0.12±0.26 mm at 3-year. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups at BL and 3Y. No significant differences between the groups were reported for clinical parameters at each time point as well as in between the visits. The technical and biological complications rates were 1.6% and 6.0%, respectively. Prosthetic complications affected 25 FCDs (47.2%).

CONCLUSION
MBL change revealed a stable condition in the 3-year period in the two groups. Few technical and biological complications occurred apart from the chipping/fracture of the prosthetic teeth. Four-implant is a feasible solution if the rehabilitation is oriented towards the most cost-effective treatment and towards avoiding bone augmentation procedures. Clinicians have to consider the potential required visits for prosthetic maintenance.


Story telling is an old and revered activity, often intended to educate while entertaining. Practical work on scenario analysis, or scenario planning, is a form of story telling. In a business setting, it is a process by which multiple interests can contribute to constructing views of multiple futures in a form that can contribute to corporate strategizing. Scenario analysis is a conversational process. Participants in the conversation, both inside and outside the organization, offer diverse points of view that affect the characterization of the business climate and likely future events. The conversation takes the form of several stories leading to immediate action or long-term learning in preparation for future action. The scenario analysis approach accepts the proposition that there is not one right answer, but rather a need to prepare the organization to mobilize its resources towards innovation. The software engineering community shares an interest with the larger business world in seeking effective ways to create such learning organizations, specifically to create new ways to capture project team experience and then to parlay that experience to improve best practice advice and harvest reusable knowledge. The requirement to produce stories can be used as a way to design new online team collaboration methods, notably methods that capture the information needed to generate experience stories in a way that helps engineers reuse knowledge from the project. Basically, these interests seek to answer the question: How might we capture actual software engineering goals and events in a non-intrusive way, so as to tell an interesting and informative story?


Many organisations, particularly SMEs, are reluctant to invest time and money in models to support decision making. Such reluctance could be overcome if a model could be used for several purposes rather than using a traditional "single perspective" model. This requires the development of a "general enterprise model" (GEM), which can be applied to a wide range of problem domains with unlimited scope. Current enterprise modelling frameworks only deal effectively with non‐dynamic modelling issues whilst dynamic modelling issues have traditionally only been addressed at the operational level. Although the majority of research in this area relates to manufacturing companies, the framework for a GEM must be equally applicable to service and public sector organisations. This paper identifies five key design issues that need to be considered when constructing a GEM. A framework for such a GEM is presented based on a "plug and play" methodology and demonstrated by a simple case study.


Tooth sensitivity is a common occurrence and it is caused by acid induced erosion of enamel surface. In this investigation we report the results of calcium phosphate based minerals which are irradiated with lasers ex vivo for the analysis of photo activated densification of minerals. The photo-activation in these minerals may primarily arise from the absorption centres, namely OH - and rare-earth (RE) 3+ ion dopants (e.g. Er 3+ ions) incorporated during synthesis. The loss of hydroxyl group from mineral is characterized using the thermogravimetric technique. The microstructural changes under the conditions of continuous wave (CW) and pulsed laser irradiation are reported together with the measured temperature rise. The preliminary data on surface hardness of occluded dentine with photo-activated calcium phosphate minerals are also reported, for aiming an eventual hardness value of 3300 MPa which is known for natural enamels.


This publication contains 16 papers presented at the twenty-first meeting of the German Society for Demography held in 1987 in Berlin Federal Republic of Germany. Four main topics are covered: the practical significance of the historical development of population theory; the beginnings of demography and population statistics in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; demography and population statistics at the beginning of the twentieth century; and the tasks and concepts of demography today. The geographic focus is on Germany and other European countries. One of the papers is in English.


Two methodologies are often used for assessing the environmental impact of a specific car, namely the Ecoscore methodology, a well-to-wheel environmental rating tool for vehicles, and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The environmental impact of a selection of petrol and diesel cars of different ages, as well as alternatively fuelled vehicles (LPG, CNG, HEV, BEV), has been assessed using both methodologies. The influence of neglecting the impact of the vehicle production, maintenance and end-of-life (EoL) phases has shown to be very small, especially for conventional vehicle technologies (petrol, diesel, LPG). For hybrid (HEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV), the manufacturing and EoL of the battery also play an important role, which is mainly displayed in the impact on human health and ecosystems. However, since the impact on global warming counts for 50% in the final Ecoscore, these differences will play a smaller role and – more importantly – still lead to the same ranking of the vehicle technologies as in the LCA results for greenhouse effect. These results have shown that the Ecoscore methodology is an efficient environmental rating tool and hence that a well-to-wheel approach can be considered as a good approximation of a full LCA, in these cases where only the homologated emission and fuel consumption data are available. LCA can however provide a more profound assessment, in case sufficient data are available, since more impact categories and pollutants can be taken into account.


Although adenoviruses were identified as important respiratory pathogens many years ago, little information is available concerning the prevalence of different adenovirus serotypes, which are circulating and causing epidemics in Finnish military training centers. Over a period of five years from 2008 to 2012, 3577 respiratory specimens were collected from military conscripts presenting with symptoms compatible with acute respiratory tract infection. Upon initial testing for certain respiratory viruses by real‐time PCR, 837 of these specimens were identified as adenovirus‐positive. For 672 of these specimens, the serotype of the adenovirus responsible was successfully determined by DNA sequencing. Serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 were detected in 1, 3, 181, and 487 samples, respectively. Adenovirus epidemics were observed during each year of this study. Based on these findings, adenovirus vaccination should be considered for military conscripts in the Finnish Defence Forces. J. Med. Virol. 88:571–577, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Although percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) routinely achieves excellent angiographic success, 3– 15% of cases (depending on the definition) are complicated by periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI), associated with adverse long-term outcomes and in some cases immediate adverse events due to profound no-reflow [1,2]. PMI has been attributed to distal embolization of lipid-core plaque (LCP) contents and/ or intraluminal thrombus [1–7]. The present report by Tandjunga et al. [8] addresses whether stent type influences the incidence of PMI. This retrospective analysis compared the incidence of PMI in patients undergoing treatment with first versus second generation drug eluting stents (DES). Routine peri-interventional assessment of cardiac biomarkers defined PMI according to an '' updated definition'' as 23 upper reference limit (URL) of creatine kinase (CK); these enzymatic results were then compared to PMI calculated by ''traditional'' criteria (>33URL CK MB). In these 800 patients, a total of 1522 DES (363 Taxus; 385 Endeavor; 382 Xience V; 392 Resolute) were implanted to treat 1232 lesions. Overall, there was a low incidence of PMI (4.75%), with no difference between first and second generation DES (5.5% vs. 4.0%; P 5 0.29). The only independent predictors of PMI were presentation with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the total number of stents implanted.


This paper presents the feature selection methods for chewing activity detection. Chewing detection typically used for food intake monitoring applications. The work aims to analyze the effect of implementing optimum feature selection that can improve the accuracy of the chewing detection. The raw chewing data is collected using a proximity sensor. Pre-process procedures are implemented on the data using normalization and bandpass filters. The searching of a suitable combination of bandpass filter parameters such as lower cut-off frequency (Fc1) and steepness targeted for best accuracy was also included. The Fc1 was 0,5Hz, 1.0Hz and 1.2H, while the steepness varied from 0.75 to 0.9 with an interval of 0.5. By using the bandpass filter with the value of [1Hz, 5Hz] with a steepness of 0.8, the system's accuracy improves by 1.2% compared to the previous work, which uses [0.5Hz, 5Hz] with a steepness of 0.85. The accuracy of using all 40 extracted features is 98.5%. Two feature selection methods based on feature domain and feature ranking are analyzed. The features domain gives an accuracy of 95.8% using 10 features of the time domain, while the combination of time domain and frequency domain gives an accuracy of 98% with 13 features. Three feature ranking methods were used in this paper: minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR), t-Test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The analysis of the feature ranking method has the accuracy of 98.2%, 85.8%, and 98% for MRMR, t-Test, and ROC with 10 features, respectively. While the accuracy of using 20 features is 98.3%, 97.9%, and 98.3% for MRMR, t-Test, and ROC, respectively. It can be concluded that the feature selection method helps to reduce the number of features while giving a good accuracy.


This research aims to develop bipolar plate from polymer composite to be used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The key properties of bipolar plates include high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, high flexural strength and modulus, and low water absorption. The polybenzoxazine composites having three types of carbon derivatives i.e. graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes were prepared using a compression molder with a pressure of 15 MPa and a temperature of 200oC for 2 hours. The effects?of carbon nanotube contents varying from 0-2wt% at an expense?of graphite with constant content of graphene and benzoxazine at 7.5 and 16wt% respectively?on properties of composites were investigated. With an incorporation of carbon nanotubes, relevant properties of the obtained composites increased. At 2wt% carbon nanotubes, storage modulus at room temperature of the samples was 11.4 GPa whereas glass transition temperature was 207oC. Moreover, the composites exhibited thermal conductivity of 21.3 W/m?K, electrical conductivity of 364 S/cm, flexural strength and modulus of 41.5 MPa and 49.7?GPa respectively. Such results indicated that the incorporation of carbon nanotubes could enhanced the properties of the composite to meet those requirement by Department of Energy, USA and confirmed that benzoxazine composites filled with graphite graphene and carbon nanotubes were such a great candidate as bipolar plate in fuel cells application.?


Objective: To explore the antioxidant activity of haw pectin in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The free radical scavenging activities of haw pectin on superoxide anion, DPPH and hydroxyl radicals were detected. The in vivo antioxidant activity was investigated in high-fat-diet-fed mouse model. Results: Haw pectin showed significant free radical scavenging activities against all the three radical species. It also significantly increased the content of glutathione(GSH) and the antioxidant enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT). Moreover, it significantly decreased malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the liver of mice. Conclusion: Haw pectin has great potential for the development of functional foods due to its excellent antioxidant activity.


The article presents data on the state of hemodynamics and perfusion of the brain at different stages of chronic cerebral ischemia. A correlation was made between the data on the state of perfusion and hemodynamic changes in the brain


This paper examines anti-Chinese hate speech in Mongolia, and argues that in spite of its prevalence and pervasiveness it remains limited to a Mongolian audience, essentially constituting a vector of social policing. Its violence is thus largely exerted on Mongolian citizens themselves, particularly those "bad subjects" whose personal and intimate aspirations do not dovetail with the "good of the nation." Through an ethnographic focus on Mongolian women, I illustrate how the experience of "bad subjects" intersects with nationalist narratives, both undercutting them and contributing to their perpetuation.


f America is to produce great painters, " wrote great American painter Thomas Eakins (1844–1916), young artists should " remain in America to peer deeper into the heart of American life " (1). Eakins traveled abroad, where he became familiar with the work of 19th-century greats Gustave Courbet, Édouard Manet, and Edgar Degas, but returned home to become a master of realism whose exactness and precision influenced many 20th-century American painters, one of them Richard Estes. Estes, a native of Kewanee, Illinois, grew up in Chicago and attended the city's famed Art Institute. Upon graduation in 1956, he moved to New York to pursue a career in graphic design as freelance illustrator for magazines and advertising agencies. In the next 10 years, he crossed over to fine art and had his first exhibit around 1968 (2). An admirer of Eakins, Estes peered deeply into the American cityscape for a new style of art, true not only to his native culture but also to his times. This style evoked the traditions of trompe l'oeil (fooling the eye through photographic illusion) and of 17th-century Dutch painting to create a contemporary version of reality (3). " When you look at a scene or an object you tend to scan it. Your eye travels around and over things. As your eye moves the vanishing point moves, " Estes said in an interview. " …to have one vanishing point or perfect camera perspective is not realistic " (4). Drawing from his surroundings rather than the imagination, Estes used photography to collect images or frozen moments of light on surfaces to complement his own recollection of places and objects. He did not reproduce photographic scenes. From multiple images, he selected certain elements, abstracting and arranging them to best advantage, exaggerating angles and omitting extraneous detail. This innovative perception and composition of visual reality came to be called superrealism or photorealism, a new art movement co-founded by Estes in the late 1960s (5). Photorealists, many of them influenced by Estes, painted varied images, portraits as well as landscapes, in exquisite detail. Their subjects were diners and storefronts, gum-ball machines, neon lights, pickup trucks, and other trap-pings of 1970s American life. Estes was captivated by the contemporary urban landscape, particularly of New York, where he has lived much of his life, although he has also worked in Chicago, Venice, and Paris. One in a long line of artists …


Happiness affects employees' performance, increases productivity, improves quality of services and enhances it. This study is to investigate factors that affect employee's happiness of Islamic Azad University of Khomeinishahr in 2012. This descriptive study is semi experimental. The population is the staff of Islamic Azad University of Khomeinishahr. In this study, 50 individuals were randomly have been selected among the staff of Islamic Azad University of Khomeinishahr. Beck test is a research tool in this study, the researcher made a few changes to standardize and questions of any material, shows a manifestation of depression. The statistical methods used in this study were t-test and variance analysis that are carried out separately.


In the environment of billions of data, aspect mining, real-time processing, ad hoc analysis, and offline computation ask higher requirement on calculation and storage performance. However, the data mining platform realized based on traditional relational database, distributed Hadoop platform cannot satisfy all tasks. This paper completes two traditional data mining algorithms-parallel transformation of Apriori and PageRank based on the in-memory computing module of Spark and its several actions as well as conversion operators. The conducted experiment validates the implementation efficiency as well as parallel effect of these two algorithms. This platform does not only take full advantage of in-memory computing, improve iteration speed but also support various distributed computing and storage scenes with strong expandability, which can perfectly deal with various scenario issues in big data environment. Keywords-Big data; Data mining; Spark


In Indonesia Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever or DBD still represent one of the unresolved public health problem. Recently, the only way to eradicate against DBD is by breaking transmission link, that is killing its transmitted vector, (Aedes sp) by using chemicals, for example Malathion. The way to controlling DBD vector in Pontianak City that is by fogging using Cynoff 25 ULV. But viewing increased of the amount of case and mortality effected by DBD Pontianak City at 2006 and great complain of community after fogging, hence effectiveness of fogging using cynoff 25 ULV hade to be questioned. The research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cynoff 25 ULV by standard dose (800 ml cynoff 25 ULV : 19,2 litres of diesel oil) with fogging application in Pontianak City. The was a field experiment research by quasi experimental design that is by made research to five dosage variations (mixture of cynoff 25 ULV and diesel oil). The research divided to two groups that is treating group by 4 repetition times and control group without repetition. Result of research indicated that 1) all doses of cynoff 25 ULV was effective to kill (Aedes sp) mosquito where after fogged 24 hours, all (Aedes sp) mosquito was dead (100%). 2) Knock-Down Time 100% (KT 100) of (Aedes sp) mosquito after fogged with doses of 600 ml and 700 ml was 30 minutes, while with doses of 800 ml, 900 ml and 1000 ml Knock-Down Time 100% (KT 100) of (Aedes sp) mosquito was 15 minutes. The result concluded that Cynoff 25 ULV insecticide with fogging application was effective to be used to controlling of DBD vectors in Pontianak City although with lower dose of the standard dose specified by Health Department of Indonesia Republic.


One of the main concerns when using steel slag ballast is its high abrasion and wear in comparison with common stone ballast, which can intensify damage to construction and maintenance machinery. I...


Drawing upon Deleuzian theory, this article examines the role of repetition and affect in theatre design and the immersive qualities these devices promote. Focusing on Corn Exchange's show Man of Valour, I suggest that the repetition employed by the postdigital design and dramaturgy of the piece—voice and sound effects, stage and movement, makeup, the use of time and space—transform the performer and spectators into 'bodies without organs' (BwO). These BwOs, removed from their systems of organisation that order social space, such as language, time, and space, instead communicate through embodied, affective means. In the course of this article, I will demonstrate how this affective encounter, brought about by repetition, generates an immersive experience of the


A nonlinear autoregressive moving average with exogenous input (NARMAX) model structure is used to develop paraplegic dynamic leg joint model and the result is compared to a model built using artificial neural network (ANN). A series of experiments employing Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) with varying pulse width are conducted to determine the impact of the leg swing angle. The data obtained is used to develop the paraplegic leg joint model. Seven sets of data with 3300 data in each are used to develop the joint model. The joint model thus developed is validated by experimental data from one paraplegic subject. It is revealed that ANN and NARMAX models both can represent the joint dynamics but NARMAX joint model is found to be highly accurate and able to predict the leg movement with better precision as compared to the ANN joint model. In order to improve the performance and the precision of the model, NARMAX is used with orthogonal least square (OLS) algorithm. The established model is then used to predict the behaviour of the underlying system and will be employed in future for the design and evaluation of various control strategies.


ABSTRACT Almost all small eukaryotic RNAs are processed from transiently stabilized 3′-extended forms. A key question is how and why such intermediates are stabilized and how they can then be processed to the mature RNA. Here we report that yeast U3 is also processed from a 3′-extended precursor. The major 3′-extended forms of U3 (U3-3′I and -II) lack the cap trimethylation present in mature U3 and are not associated with small nucleolar RNP (snoRNP) proteins that bind mature U3, i.e., Nop1p, Nop56p, and Nop58p. Depletion of Nop58p leads to the loss of mature U3 but increases the level of U3-3′I and -II, indicating a requirement for the snoRNP proteins for final maturation. Pre-U3 is cleaved by the endonuclease Rnt1p, but U3-3′I and -II do not extend to the Rnt1p cleavage sites. Rather, they terminate at poly(U) tracts, suggesting that they might be bound by Lhp1p (the yeast homologue of La). Immunoprecipitation of Lhp1p fused to Staphylococcus aureus protein A resulted in coprecipitation of both U3-3′I and -II. Deletion of LHP1, which is nonessential, led to the loss of U3-3′I and -II. We conclude that pre-U3 is cleaved by Rnt1p, followed by exonuclease digestion to U3-3′I and -II. These species are stabilized against continued degradation by binding of Lhp1p. Displacement of Lhp1p by binding of the snoRNP proteins allows final maturation, which involves the exosome complex of 3′→5′ exonucleases.


a discussion of the role of the Dhukun Isteri Obong, the "high priestess" of the grand funeral ritual, and other comparable figures throughout Indonesia, and continue with a search for the main figures in the tribal myth of origin in the Indonesian arts: textiles, masks, wayang and sculpture. The results of this search


The results of economic efficiency of mineral fertilizers application in grain and steam crop rotation in the conditions of Zauralie are presented. Agronomic efficiency has been determined, in which the payback of 1 kg of active substance (e.g.) of fertilizers applied to the variant with the use of three batteries averaged 1.7-1.9 kg for 3 years, the maximum payback was observed in the variant with a minimum dose of P40 - 2.6 kg/kg. Calculation of economic efficiency has shown that at increase in a dose of mineral fertilizers and industrial expenses there is a decrease in a recoupment on 0.16-0.30 rbl.


: This essay will analyze how the modern jury manifests democracy, so as to achieve coordination and complementarity among direct democracy, representative democracy and deliberated democracy. It also recognizes that in practice, the jurors' jurisdiction and non-professionalism pose challenges to democracy and justice. However, through the modernization and improvement of the jury system, these threats are still under control. More importantly, before the emergence of the new effective system, it was still an irreplaceable medium for democratic practice in modern society, so it is successful.


The paper is devoted to the creative life and works of the artist Mikhail Gardubey, who lives in Tyumen (Western Siberia, Russia). He continues the traditions of an original art school which developed in the early 20th century in Uzhgorod and combined different styles of West European art culture with local ethnic motives. The representatives of this school could imprint and artistically conceptualise the outlook, national mythology and everyday life of the Rusins. Using the personal memories of the artist relating to the 1950s, the author reconstructs some elements of traditional culture and everyday life of a Carpatho-Rusinian village of Kamyanskoye, Irshavsky district, Transcarpathian Region, Ukraine, including features of calendar ritualism, folklore and architecture of Transcarpathian Rusins, which are reflected in Gardubey's works of art. The paper also discusses figurative perception of the Carpatho-Rusinian world in the fine arts. The analysis of Mikhail Gardubey's creativity demonstrates that the traditional Rusinian culture was preserved in the deep countryside in spite of the state policy and ethnocultural orientations of local elites, so Gardubey's paintings convey moral and cultural values that have become the foundation for Rusinian self-identification and recognition of their special place in the East Slavic world.


Unsupervised metric learning consists in building adaptive distance functions without knowledge of the class labels to improve pattern classification. Usually, this process can be accomplished by manifold learning algorithms, through nonlinear dimensionality reduction. In this paper, we propose a curvature based Isometric Feature Mapping, a method that uses differential geometric concepts to build an intrinsic distance function that measures the variations of the local tangent spaces along shortest paths in the KNN graph, motivated by the Frenet-Serret equations and the notion of curvature. Experimental results with several real world datasets show that the proposed method is capable of producing classification performance comparable to other state-of-the-art dimensionality reduction based metric learning techniques, such as t-SNE and UMAP.


Space programs around the globe have begun to consider the logistical demands of missions beyond the orbital neighborhood of Earth. Unlike local installations such as the International Space Station, long-range missions will not have the option to resupply critical materials from Earth. Thus, the development of capabilities for what is often termed "In-Situ Resource Utilization" (ISRU) have been a continuing focus of research through NASA and other agencies. One particular long-range mission of interest is to place human astronauts on Mars; the major component of the thin Martian atmosphere is carbon dioxide, making CO2 a natural input to ISRU technologies for production of carbon-containing materials. Production of mission consumables from in-situ Mars resources will be critical to enabling human exploration of Mars, in part by minimizing the number and size of descent/ascent vehicles. Potential ISRU products from CO2 include that seem likely to provide significant mission benefits with minimal infrastructure required are propellants (e.g., hydrocarbons), fuel cell reactants (e.g., formic acid, methanol, carbon monoxide), and life support consumables (e.g., oxygen). The first portion of this talk will comprise a high-level overview of the chemical transformations that can be imparted to CO2 via electrocatalysis on gas-diffusion electrodes (GDEs), in the form of a summary of literature reports on the catalytic performance of a wide variety of single-metallic and metal-alloy systems. The remainder will encompass an exposition of the electrocatalytic performance of tin and copper single-metal GDE electrocatalysts prepared by pulsed electrodeposition. These metals are well known for their ability to reduce carbon dioxide to formic acid and hydrocarbons/carbon monoxide, respectively, and are under active development in numerous academic research groups and industrial entities to this end. These experimental results clearly demonstrate the power and flexibility of the pulse/pulse-reverse electrodeposition approach to catalyst fabrication, as evidenced by the appreciable effects of the pulsed-waveform electrodeposition parameters on CO2 electroreduction product distribution and total current density.


Cash is a basic necessity for humans without which survival is not possible. In India majority of the payments are made in cash as notes and coins. The prime minister of India, on 8th November, 2016 demonetized the two largest denominations of currency notes of INR 500 and INR 1000, which were ceased with immediate effect with a few exceptions. The entire nation was in a state of shock because such a huge render was declared invalid in just one announcement and it was not the first time the government of India has taken such a step. Indian government took this step in 1946 and 1978 but in 2016 it faced a lot of criticism as people were left with only INR 100 notes or less denomination to transact with. The main aim of this step was aimed to attack on counterfeit currency, currency used for terrorist financing, black money and corruption. Less than 5 percent of total payments electronically. Illiterate people do not know how to use digital transactions. Financial literacy and awareness about cash less transactions is paramount in India to International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 11 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Flow field of semi-dry flue gas desulphurization(FGD) reactor is depicted by means of computational fluid dynamics(CFD).Through optimizing inner part of the reactor and increasing the reacting rate between SO_2 and desulphurization agents,SO_2 removal efficiency is improved.Based upon multi-phase flow pattern of the reactor,basic theories of k-e equation and particle trajectory model are established,and the influence of inner structure of the reactor tower on the fluid flow and SO_2 removal efficiency analyzed.The results obtained here can indicate that reactor structure can help flue gas and flue gas distribution can control reaction and better removal efficiecy.


This paper describes a paradigm shift by revealing the potential of the mutual intensity for the field of optical metrology. Two corresponding developments are highlighted which are based on the spatial covariance of light.


Representation and processing of spatio-temporal motion information on different levels of granularity, is one key capability of the visual processing ability of the human brain. We introduce a multi-layered model consisting mainly of recurrent self-organizing maps and a neural associative memory for motion prediction. This processing structure is psychophysically and biologically inspired and some of the equivalent findings are discussed. The model is self-contained and can be used for motion planning and prediction and also for all kinds of context-sensitive information processing with demands on prediction ability.


Through the screen of solvents, emulsifiers and auxiliary surfactants, the optimal formulation of quizalofop-p-ethyl micro-emulsion was determined, which is quizalofop- p-ethyl 10%, mixed solvent 25 %,mixed emulsifier 22%, ethylene glycol 5%, ethanol 4%, defoaming agent 0.2%, and the tap water make up 100%.The repeated experiments on optimal formula showed that the dosage form had good thermal stability, low tempera-ture storage stability of frozen and wider transparent temperature range, various physical and chemical indexes ac-cord with microemulsion product standards were up to grade.


This paper presents the characteristics of a speed-sensorless vector control of two induction motors connected in parallel and fed by a single inverter with fuzzy speed controller. Speeds of parallel connected induction motor drives are estimated by natural observer. The speed difference between two induction motors and the torque ripple are reduced under unbalanced load conditions when fuzzy speed controllers are used. Simulation results are presented and are compared with the existing well known PI controller. Fuzzy speed controller shows a good dynamic performance under unbalanced load conditions.


Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo Collision (PIC/MCC) algorithms comprise a numerical model to assess the discharge characteristics of an RF plasma microthruster concept that exploits an RF capacitively coupled discharge (RFCCD) to heat a propellant. The eects of heat transfer between the discharge and the neutral species on microthruster performance are discussed. Heat transfer within the plasma discharge has been shown to greatly aect the discharge characteristics and thruster performance. Increasing the neutral temperature reduces the amount of power transmitted into the uid through a reduction of the neutral density, and thus reduces eectiv eness of the discharge. The PIC/MCC modeling showed that the power transmitted into the uid increases faster than linear with respect to an increase in applied potential, but the total power absorbed increases on the order of a linear trend. The power transmission eciency is found to be directly proportional to the applied potential, making the discharge more ecien t at higher voltages. The theoretical specic impulse also increases as the applied potential or discharge pressure is increased.


In our performance measure based society, travel time information is critical for the efficient operation of a transportation system, providing baseline operational information as well as feedback after infrastructure and / or ITS changes are implemented. In the last six years, generation of travel time through the use of Bluetooth MAC address tracking has become a relatively low cost acceptable surrogate for more expensive traditional methods of travel time generation, such as floating car studies or license plate matching. While studies over multiple modes have validated this technology, MAC address tracking is not a panacea for all situations and the limitations of the technology must be considered prior to embarking on a deployment. The objective of this paper is to provide practical guidance to practitioners considering such a deployment, and will do so in three steps. First, a brief literature review is conducted with a focus on items that would be of interest to a practitioner investigating a possible Bluetooth deployment. Second, a case study is presented of a vehicular Bluetooth travel time analysis deployment which was hampered by data insufficiency and software usability; specific focus is given to the data analysis conducted with commercially provided hardware and software. Finally, the paper concludes with a section describing the lessons learned from the case study, with the goal of providing guidance to those considering their own Bluetooth applications.


Medical ethics is a new concept as the development of science and technology. Clinical trial has been promoting sanitation, but also has suspected to violate medical ethics. The article elucidates the ethical issues in clinical trial, and analyses them with philosophy theory in order to solve the problems in clinical researches.


The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as inverter. Inverters can be broadly classified into single level inverter and multilevel inverter. Multilevel inverter as compared to single level inverters have advantages like minimum harmonic distortion, reduced EMI/RFI generation and can operate on several voltage levels. A multi-stage inverter is being utilized for multipurpose applications, such as active power filters, staticVAR compensators and machine drives for sinusoidal and trapezoidal current applications. The drawbacks are the isolated power supplies required for each one of the stages of the multiconverter and it's also lot harder to build, more expensive, harder to control in software.This aims at development of the three step charging H-bridge based sinewave inverter. This inverter overcomes the drawback of the existing push pull based square wave inverter like poor efficiency, production of noise, generation of heat and very low switching frequency. The features of the proposed inverter are high switching frequency, generation of pure sinewave by using sine weighed pulse width modulated, and three step charging which are boost, absorb, floating. By using three step charging the gravity level of the battery is maintained for entire period of time.


Our paper and the related presentation aim at providing an overview analysis of the changes between 2001 and 2015 of the regulation of the Hungarian higher education entry system. We put emphasis on the entry criteria calculations and the entry number regulation. The Hungarian higher education entry market is highly regulated, and it is under continuous change during the past 15 years. When analysing these changes we introduce the numbers that describe entry trends and touch upon the topic of substitution among fields of education. With this paper we would like to establish a foundation for a larger scale research about the elasticity of choice among fields of education. When analysing the national trends we find that decision-makers seeking entry to the higher education respond very quickly to the incentives created by the government through regulation, however the effects of these shocks disappear very quickly.


This paper deals with humidity uptake of some transformer liquids and its influence on electrical breakdown. The investigations were performed under some selective outdoor conditions on different insulating liquids, e.g. mineral oil, esters and silicones used in HV transformers. The temperature was set at 23 or 60 /spl deg/C while the relative air humidity was varied between 20 and 90% to simulate climatic variation. The subject is important in HV transformers with an air breathing system since, even in such transformers where normally the air passes through a dehydrating apparatus with silica gel, a bad run can induce an accident. The scenario considered corresponds to such a defect in the breathing filter system, so that the insulating liquid in the transformer comes into contact with atmospheric humidity. The work presented is in two parts. The first part relates the evolution of the breakdown voltage in terms of the insulating liquid humidity content. The second part describes the evolution of insulating liquid humidity content in terms of surrounding relative air humidity. This evolution is observed during 30 days and the results are discussed regarding the ac electric strength according to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) or Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e.V. (VDE) standards. A correlation between the surrounding relative air humidity, temperature and humidity uptake rate is derived.


The study concentrates on the educational expenditure in India with a prior attention to the schemes and programmes introduced by the central government. Free and compulsory education for children between 6 to 14 years is a mile stone in the education sector. The government has introduced several programmes for the inclusiveness of all sections in to the mainstream. The enrolment of marginalised section was mainly by the impact of the step taken by the central government. The study tried to give an analytical view of the extensiveness with respect to the money spent by the government to create a successive story in the field of education. Various programmes were introduced by the central government to ensure education for all. Different schemes are implemented with a unique objective to give a perfect platform for educating the people; especially it is shown in the field of higher education. Many of the students are a part of the central schemes to fulfil their dream career through scholarships and education loans provided by the government. A large number of marginalised community were attracted by the Scholarships and educational loans provided by the government. As an impact of this, a drastic change was happened in the field of education.


In a subpopulation of endogenously depressed patients, disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are observed. Increased cortisol and CRH levels but normal ACTH concentrations have been reported; often combined with dexamethasone nonsuppression. Successful antidepressant treatment of the patients is associated with a normalization of the HPA functi0n,2.~ which has been reported to precede clinical amelioration? Pepin et aLS hypothesized that this could be brought about by an antidepressant-induced increase in wrticosteroid receptor numbers, rendering the HPA axis more susceptible to feedback inhibition by cortisol. A number of tricyclic antidepressants were shown to increase glucocortiwid receptor (GR) mRNA concentrations in rat primary neuronal cultures. Follow-up in vivo studies investigated the chronic effects of a number of antidepressant treatments on different parameters characterizing HPA status. Repeatedly, increases in corticosteroid receptor (GR and mineralocorticoid (MR)) numbers combined with a diminished HPA activity were found (TABLE 1). In the present investigations we compared the effects on the HPA axis of the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine (Egis Pharmaceuticals) and amitriptyline (Secifarma spa) with those of the new tetracyclic antidepressant Org 37706 (Organon). Male Wistar rats (Harlan, Zeist, the Netherlands) were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected for 10 days with either placebo (n = 20), imipramine (n = 10; 20 mgkg), amitriptyline (n = 10; 20 mgkg) or Org 3770 (n = 10; 20 m a g ) . Two hours before the beginning of the dark period on day 11, animals were killed, blood samples were obtained and the bodyand adrenal-weight were determined. Corticosteroid levels were measured using a procedure modified after Rodbard & Lewald? Corticosterone was extracted from the plasma by shaking 25 p1 plasma with 475 p1 methanol for 3 seconds. After centrifugation at 8700 * g for 3 minutes a 400-p1 aliquot of the methanol fraction was evaporated, and the resulting residue dissolved in 400 pl of 0.2% (v/v) ethyleneglywl. Corticosterone was assayed in 50 pl samples at an antibody dilution which yielded 30% binding of [3H]wrticosterone. A standard curve of corticosterone (serial dilution at a 1 : 1 ratio) was made in 0.2% (v/v) ethylene glycol. GR receptor characteristics were determined using routine procedures. In short, hippocampal cytosol was prepared by homogenization in 0.6 mlhippocampus of 10 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.4 containing 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM Na2Mo0,.2H20 and 1 mM DTT followed by a centrifugation at 1OOOOO * g for 45 min. 50 p1 of the supernatant


Non-linearities and actuator faults often exist in practical systems which may degrade system performance or even lead to catastrophic accidents. In this article, a fault-tolerant compensation control strategy is proposed for a class of non-linear systems with actuator faults in simultaneous multiplicative and additive forms. First, radial basis function neural network is employed to approximate the system non-linearity. The approximation is achieved by only one adaptive parameter, which simplifies the computation burden. Then, by means of the backstepping technique, an adaptive neural controller is developed to cope with the adverse effects brought by the system non-linearity and actuator faults in multiplicative and additive forms. Meanwhile, the proposed control design scheme can guarantee that the considered closed-loop system is stable. The novelty of the article lies in that the system non-linearity, the additive actuator faults, and the multiplicative actuator faults that often exist in practical engineering are catered for simultaneously. Furthermore, compared with some existing works, the approximation of the system non-linearity is achieved by only one adaptive parameter for the purpose of reducing the computation burden. Therefore, its applicability is more general. Finally, a numerical simulation and a comparative simulation are carried out to show the effectiveness of the developed controller.


The entrepreneurial development process for women in India is increasingly being recognized as an important untapped source of economic growth since women entrepreneurs create new jobs for themselves and others and by being different also provide society with different solutions to management, organization and business problems. Women entrepreneurs see the world through a different lens and, in turn, do things differently. Daniel Pink's book A Whole New Mind makes a case that in the twenty-first century, the most important growth industries will be in the realms of beauty, empathy, harmony, and other aesthetic and quality of life values. He makes the case that Asia, Automation, and Abundance will dictate this transformation. The author refers to a future in which both the left brain — analytical — and the right brain — intuitive and holistic — will be more valued than they have been in the past, especially when used together. It seems likely that the future will favor women entrepreneurs to a greater and greater extent.Even though we recognize that the journey of a woman entrepreneur is laid with huge challenges, the major one of them is the availability of finance at different stages of the life cycle of the enterprise. We would like to study this problem from both the demand and the supply side. This paper endeavors to create an awareness about the contribution of women enterprises to the economic development and also the need for creation of a vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem for women entrepreneurs. This study is primarily based on extensive secondary research and insights drawn from own experience.


Seattle is a large city beset by the effects of ongoing urban development and redevelopment of a huge but fragile "pile-like" mantle of late Pleistocene glacial debris, exacerbated by considerable topographic relief, high rainfall, and a serious, yet incompletely understood, Holocene-aged regional seismotectonic regime. The editors—from the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS's) remnant Denver cadre of engineering geologists—have delivered a timely update of Galster and Laprade's 1991 summary of Seattle's engineering geology.

Six years after Galster and Laprade's summary, the Seattle area was subjected to record snowmelt and rainfall intensities, which caused damage sufficient to commission a long-term mitigation-based multi-hazards study by the USGS, in cooperation with the City of Seattle. This volume— Reviews in Engineering Geology XX —is just one publication from that effort. The text benefits from contributions by local practitioners who also had been dealing with various compelling elements of the overall threat. Taken together, all of the papers constitute a celebration of sorts, a "coming out" party for the new geologic map. For the first time, Seattle now has a geologic map rooted in the traditional mapping style of engineering geologists and serving the needs of the community.

The Editors' Preface is followed by these articles:

1. Geology of Seattle and the Seattle Area, Washington ; by Kathy Goetz Troost and Derek B. Booth, 35 p.

2. Landslide mapping in Seattle, Washington ; by William T. Laprade and Donald W. Tubbs, 28 p.

3. Elevation errors in a LIDAR digital elevation model of West Seattle and their effects on slope-stability calculations ; by William C. Haneberg, 10 p.

4. Shallow landslide hazard map of Seattle, Washington ; by Edwin L. Harp, John A. Michael, and William T. Laprade, 15 p.

5. Assessing deep-seated landslide susceptibility using 3-D groundwater and slope-stability analyses, southwestern Seattle, Washington ; by Dianne L. Brien and Mark E. …


At the start of the 1998 Christmas season it was noted that an unusually high number of our patients had sustained injuries caused by toy guns. Prior to this time only a few isolated cases of this nature had been seen. The guns concerned were springloaded air guns made in China and labelled with a variety of names of well-known guns (Fig. 1). They contained a magazine capable of holding several brightly coloured rigid 5 mm plastic balls (Fig. 2). The guns are termed 'soft ball guns' by the police service. Arecord was kept of all new patients presenting to Groote Schuur and Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital eye clinics during December 1998 and January 1999. In order to prevent further injuries caused by what appeared to be one of the year's most wanted Christmas gifts, the mass media including local and national television and newspapers were informed of the damage toy guns can cause. This resulted in widespread publicity concerning the danger of such toys. Interviews with doctors, parents, children and toy traders formed the main content of the stories published. Following this campaign there was a marked decline in new presentations.


Recently, there has been some concern regarding the direction of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) research for psychosis and the lack of precision in identifying the active element of the therapy (Turkington, Kingdon, & Chadwick, 2003). The authors of the book 'A casebook of cognitive behaviour therapy for command hallucinations (CH)' have furthered this concept and boldly challenged the therapeutic goals and research strategy used in trials for CBT for psychosis. They argue that most trials are modelled on drug trials which aim at reducing the symptoms. According to the cognitive model, eradication of distress and dysfunctional behaviour should be the primary aim as it is the appraisal of the symptom which causes distress. Based on this theory, they have developed CBT for command hallucinations by applying concepts from the social rank theory and tested its efficacy in a randomized controlled trial (Trower et al., 2004), which is presented briefly in the final chapter of the book. The book is an illustration of the therapy using case examples. The first chapter, 'Understanding command hallucinations' explains the research evidence and need for a specific therapy for the symptom. It then describes a cognitive model for CH adapted from the rational emotive behaviour therapy using the activity, belief and consequences model. Emphasis is laid on the appraisal of the auditory hallucinations, their perceived power and the patient's perceived helplessness, which cause distress. The social ranks theory is then used to explain the relationship of the voice to the patient. The entire concept is explained in a very easy to read manner and is substantiated through a case example. Chapter two explains the cognitive versus quasineuroleptic approach and the therapy manual is presented in the third chapter. This is clearly laid out in stages. The assessment stage includes engagement, assessment and formulation; promoting control and setting goals for therapy. The authors have described a number of assessment scales which could be useful in practice. The intervention stage uses CBT strategies like challenging beliefs about voices, questioning evidence, logical reasoning, reality testing, normalising, reformulation and so forth. The strategies are emphasized through an example. The next seven chapters are case examples demonstrating the therapy techniques. They are laid out well and help clarify the therapy process. However, some of the cases seem oversimplified as they do not emphasize the problems in therapy, for example, forming therapeutic alliance and non-engagement. It may seem too simplistic that one can use the same model to manage any patient without any in-depth work on client specific issues. It misses out the link with sexual and physical abuse and misses out the broader issue of schema involvement in symptom content and maintenance. It also fails to incorporate numerous other CBT techniques such as mindfulness and rational responding. In conclusion, 'A casebook of cognitive behaviour therapy for command hallucinations' is an innovative attempt to target CBT to a specific symptom of psychosis, that is, command hallucinations. It is an important step in the right direction and does have important clinical insights about attitudes to command hallucinations. It is written in a simple and easy to read format with numerous transcripts of case examples. The therapy protocol is presented in a clear and stepwise fashion for each case example. The arrival of the book is very timely as CBT is emerging as the most widely used and evidenced-based therapy within health services. I would recommend this book to all practitioners using CBT with psychosis. It would be a useful resource for trainees on psychosocial intervention courses and qualified personnel alike who have an interest in this work. It may also spark a few debates among CBT therapists, as some may disagree with the concept of not targeting the symptoms as a primary outcome.


Based on the primary productivity, the fishery abundance in Xiamen coastal waters was estimated by three models of Tait energy flow analysis method for coastal ecosystems, trophic dynamic model and Cushing model. The results were 20?105, 18?463 and 17?489 tons respectively, with an average of 18?686 tons. In addition, the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and the optimum fishing effort (FMSY) were estimated on the basis of fishery statistics data by Schaefer model and Fox model. The former was 9?639 and 9?104 tons respectively . The total power of the latter was estimated to be 15?976 kW by five kinds of fishing operation, 27?351kW according to the standard power of powering set net fishing boat of Xiamen and 43?213 kW according to the standard power of powering gill net fishing boat of Xiamen, separately. At present, the actual fishing effort and the fish yield have exceeded the maximum sustainable yield and the optimum fishing effort. The adjustment of fishing effort was also discussed in this paper.


The effect of fumed silica(SiO_2) particles on the phase behavior of poly (methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)(SAN) blends was studied by using small angle laser light scattering(SALLS) and dynamic rheology.The phase diagram of PMMA/SAN blends unfilled and filled with SiO_2 particles was obtained.The results revealed that the influence of SiO_2 particles on the phase separation behavior of the blend matrix was related to the components of PMMA/SAN blends.Comparing with the 60/40(W/W) PMMA/SAN blends,the addition of a small amount of SiO_2 particles could increase the phase-separation temperature(T_s) and could hardly result in the changes of phase separation mechanism,namely,both filled and unfilled blends obeyed the spinodal decomposition mechanism.However,for 30/70 PMMA/SAN blends,the addition of SiO_2 particles decreases T_s.This phenomenon was attributed to the component difference between the surface of SiO_2 particles and the matrix of PMMA/SAN blends.


The current advances of smart devices embedded with sensors have led to catalyzing the mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) in the Smart Cities. However, the energy consumption during routing are still challenging in such ensemble mobile environments. In this study, we compare and analyze the energy consumption of the Multi-Path-Optimized Link State Routing (MP-OLSR) and the Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO). The simulation involves Internet-based traffic for the Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart City applications using different simulation models. Particular performance metrics were selected to assess the effect of the network size and load traffic on the considered protocols. It was found that the MP-OLSR protocol consumed lower energy compared to DYMO when transmitting and receiving packets by taking advantage of its multiple paths policy. However, during idle mode, the DYMO protocol can perform better, especially in the low traffic scenarios.


It is great significance for Ningxia to study how to improve the permeability of sand because of drought,water shortage and widely distributed sand.The effect is limited when bentonite is merely used to improve the permeability of sand.Moreover,when hydraulic gradient is raised,it is prone to cause seepage failure,such as piping leaking,suffosion.Aiming at these problems,bentonite content,cohesive-sand ratio and moisture content are considered as factors and the orthogonal test plan is designed to study the composite effect of bentonite and cohesive soil on impermeability of sand.The mechanism is revealed and the optimum plan is obtained.The results show that bentonite-cohesive soil composite can significantly reduce the permeability of sand,the effect is obviously better than the single-added bentonite;the important order of the factors that affect the permeability of sand is bentonite content,water content,cohesive-sand ratio in turn;the optimum combination plan is bentonite content 6%,cohesive-sand ratio 30%,moisture content 6%;under the proposing optimum combination,the thickness of impervious layer is 250 mm when water depth is around 3 m.