In this study, a preliminary trajectory design is conducted for a conceptual
 spacecraft mission to a near-Earth asteroid (NEA) (99942) Apophis, which is expected to
 pass by Earth merely 32,000 km from the Earth's surface in 2029. This close approach
 event will provide us with a unique opportunity to study changes induced in asteroids
 during close approaches to massive bodies, as well as the general properties of NEAs.
 The conceptual mission is set to arrive at and rendezvous with Apophis in 2028 for an
 advanced study of the asteroid, and some near-optimal (in terms of fuel consumption)
 trajectories under this mission architecture are to be investigated using a global
 optimization algorithm called monotonic basin hopping. It is shown that trajectories
 with a single swing-by from Venus or Earth, or even simpler ones without gravity assist,
 are the most feasible. In addition, launch opportunities in 2029 yield another possible
 strategy of leaving Earth around the 2029 close approach event and simply following the
 asteroid thereafter, which may be an alternative fuel-efficient option that can be
 adopted if advanced studies of Apophis are not required.


Sexuality and the experience of sexual minorities in the workplace are under-researched areas. The research reported here - a case study in one government department in the UK - utilizes a discursive research method to uncover a theme that is at the centre of this experience - silence. In-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with individuals eliciting their stories on their experience as lesbians and gay men in the workplace, and these stories were then used to promote more general discussion within focus groups. Understanding silence in the research process with relation to both the researcher and the respondent was found to be vital for research in this area, and the article raises issues to do with uncovering previously silenced voices. Silence also emerged as a recurrent theme in the research and found that there were many ways in which this silence can play an integral role in organizational discourse and the creation of social identity. We have therefore suggested that silence could be referred to metaphorically as 'negative space', as this term helps to emphasize the multifaceted nature of silence. The research highlighted reactive silence and the absence of response, silence as a form of suppression, of censorship and of self-protection and resistance. It also concludes that silence, in all its changing forms, influences and contributes to the creation of social reality and gay identity for lesbians and gay men in the workplace.


In modern conditions, there is an urgent need for qualified personnel capable of forming a development strategy in a market innovative economy, mastering new types of business and new markets, and flexibly managing production and sales. The problem of special economic, legal and managerial education has become especially acute in a competitive environment. Business success is determined more and more not only by special knowledge in a specific area, but also by qualitatively new requirements for the company's management.The purpose of the article is to assess the effectiveness of corporate training, to identify factors directly or indirectly related to the training of company employees in order to increase their potential and thus ensure the economic security of the business. Also relevant is the search for ways to further develop corporate training, ensure its compliance with the modern requirements of a market economy, as well as change the attitude of specialists to their work on the basis of optimally planned training programs to attract the hidden resources of the company and the person.


In text reading,the time information is considered to be one of the construction of situation model processing. This process is divided into the construction of the current model,integrated model and complete model of three successive parts before and after. Time information processing can be divided into temporal shift processing,temporal duration processing and temporal overlap processing of three research field,future research should be from a more natural,more close to real reading situation to explore the regularity of temporal information processing,and pay more attention to the verbs in the role of temporal information processing.


Electronic Cigarette Dependence: User and Device Characteristic Predictors Ashley E. Douglas Understanding the dependence potential of electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) is critical to informing prevention and regulatory efforts. Extant work on ECIG dependence is limited, in part due to the vast number of products that differ on their ability to deliver nicotine. Further, existing research is based largely on former/current cigarette smokers, and thus confounds dependence on nicotine via ECIGs versus cigarettes. This study evaluated ECIG device/liquid characteristics and use behaviors as predictors of ECIG dependence in a sample of experienced ECIG users who never smoked cigarettes. Participants completed an online survey that assessed ECIG device/liquid features, use behavior, and ECIG dependence. Additionally, participants uploaded a picture of their personal ECIG product, which was compared to their survey responses for accuracy. Accounting for demographic variables, longer durations of ECIG use and a greater number of use days/week were associated with higher dependence scores. Notably, few ECIG characteristics or device types predicted dependence level after accounting for demographics and use behavior. Comparisons between participants' self-reports and pictures revealed that agreement was excellent for features of refillable and disposable, good for adjustable power, fair for nicotine formulation, and moderate for device type. Results demonstrate that ECIG device/liquid features are not salient predictors of dependence in never-smoking ECIG users. Future research should include a larger and more diverse sample. Additionally, future work may benefit from a more precise measure of nicotine delivery, as well as verification of ECIG characteristics by requiring participants to provide a picture of their product.


Objective To explore the clinic effects of closed traction reduction of cervical spinal dislocation. Methods There were 46 cases with cervical spine facet dislocation, 24 unilateral and 22 bilateral. All patients were undergone neurological function and cervical spine MRI examin-nation before and after closed traction reduction. The disc herniation and spinal cord injury were compared. Results Closed traction reduction were done in 39 of 46 patients,and successful in 34 patients,but 5 unsuccessful,successful rate was 87%. 7 of 33 patients had disc herniation,4 of 33 patients had disc disruption and 23 of patients had no disc injury before reduction. After closed traction reduction,6 patients remained similar herniation,one patient showed obviously reduced disc hemiation compared with that before reduction. There were no new disc herniation after reducton. 33 patients had no changes of spinal cord sign on MRI before and after closed traction reduction. One patients had increse high density sign on MRI T2WI imaging.But there were no neurological worsening after reduction. Conclusion 1.Skull traction reduction is a safe and effective treatment,It could not increase the disc herniation and cause further spinal cord injury. 2.Patient with cervical spine dislocation can undergo immediate closed traction reduction without delaying to obtain a pre-reduction MRI when they are awake and cooperative with neurological testing.


Professor John Cox looks back on the creation of a day unit for parents and babies that has been at the forefront of research and training in perinatal mental health.


Introduction: biomedical research protocol is linked to processes that should enable their viable and sustainable implementation. It is possible to properly develop when you have the basics to assume them. Objective: highlight the importance of the protocol outline in biomedical research. Material and Methods: A review on SciELO, Medline and Lilacs Databases was done, where information related to the subject was found. Development: the process of developing a protocol is just one of the elements necessary to the appropriate development of biomedical research. It is highlighted the technical relevance for the design and development of them and emphasized like a key idea the management protocols for biomedical research, teamwork, creative management in the search for solutions, the maintenance of a good flow of information and communication, flexibility, context and relevance idea. Conclusions: appropriated protocol outline in biomedical research will ensure effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness in what is to be scanned, so that professionals continue forming tools that decide its components, the best structure and design that contribute to positive outcomes for the benefit of society. .


Thermal reactions of tropone with furan and 2-methoxyfuran mainly gave the endo-[4+2] cycloadducts, the kinetically controlled products, at 3000 bar. In the latter case, the product further reacted with tropone to yield 2:1-adducts. On the other hand, the reaction with 3,4-dimethoxyfuran under similar conditions yielded mainly the exo-[4+2] adducts, the thermodynamically controlled products. The predominant formation of the endo-Diels–Alder adducts with furans under the high-pressure conditions may be valuable from a synthetic point of view.


This chapter by Jesse West-Rosenthal examines the Revolutionary War soldiers' material culture at Valley Forge. Much has been written of the suffering that these soldiers endured during that harsh winter, but this chapter provides insight into routines that both kept soldiers busy and helped them perform important and necessary tasks for the military effort. Archaeological explorations at the Washington Memorial Chapel, including a camp kitchen, provided evidence that soldiers kept busy by casting musket balls, by maintaining weaponry and clothing, and, interestingly, by re-purposing musket balls into gaming pieces.


Youth murder in the USA has given further impetus to the 'gun debate' in American culture. It is argued that if the extent of violent deaths in the USA, compared with the rest of the developed world, was more widely understood, this would improve the likelihood of change. A USA/international comparison of 'youth & adult' (15-34) homicide was undertaken to demonstrate the anomaly of the US homicide situation compared with other major Western countries. All data are extrapolated from the latest WHO mortality rates. Ratios of ratios are calculated from annual US rates since 1974 to demonstrate the changing pattern of 'youth' (15-24) and 'adult' (25-34) homicide with the General Population Rate (GPR) (1974-94). The five-year average homicide rates are analysed in the 10 major countries, by gender and age, to illustrate the different patterns of homicide. The latest numbers of US homicides over 7.75 years, a matching period being the Vietnam War, are compared against the daily average US fatalities during the conflict. Homicide is relatively a rare statistical event, and as slight changes in countries with small populations can disproportionately distort the ratios, such countries are excluded from the analysis. For completeness, all the latest Western homicide rates are given in the appendix. Only countries with populations of 16 million or more were reviewed, these were: Australia, Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands and Spain (1990-95). The main outcome measures were age-related homicide rates per million of population for the international comparison averaged over the latest five years (1990-95), and actual numbers of deaths for the comparison with the Vietnam War casualty rate. Within the context of a decline in US murder GPR, 'youth' homicide has never been higher: up 48% in the last decade. US male and female 'youth and adult' homicide rates were more than five and three times respectively the rate of the next highest country. A substantial number were linked to firearms. Over the past 7.75 years, an average of 37.5 young men and women (15-34) were murdered daily in the USA, approximately 26.7 by firearms, compared with the average of 21.4 US deaths a day during the Vietnam conflict. The chronic toll of possibly preventable deaths represents a serious public health problem.


We consider a Markov decision process (MDP) with constraints under the total expected discounted cost optimality criterion. We are interested in proposing approximation methods of the optimal value of this constrained MDP. To this end, starting from the linear programming (LP) formulation of the constrained MDP (on an infinite-dimensional space of measures), we propose a finite state approximation of this LP problem. This is achieved by suitably approximating a probability measure underlying the random transitions of the dynamics of the system. Explicit convergence orders of the approximations of the optimal constrained cost are obtained. By exploiting convexity properties of the class of relaxed controls, we reduce the LP formulation of the constrained MDP to a finite-dimensional static optimization problem that can be used to obtain explicit numerical approximations of the corresponding optimal constrained cost. A numerical application illustrates our theoretical results.


The concept of organization domain is introduced to describe the hierarchical structure of the enterprise organization.Based on the concept,the elements of access control are redefined and an Organization-Structure Oriented Access Control(OSOAC) model is proposed.The hierarchical OSOAC model and constrained OSOAC model are drawn by extended the Core OSOAC model.Contrast to RBAC model,there are fewer roles and permission assignment relations in OSOAC model,which reduce the privilege-management complexity in a large access control system.


Shifting and destruction of phase transitions due to the finite thickness of free-standing smectic films are examined. The behavior of smectic films is studied as a function of the temperature and the thickness in a material showing a first-order smectic-A (Sm-A)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}smectic-${\mathit{C}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ (Sm-${\mathit{C}}^{\mathrm{*}}$) bulk phase transition. Measurements of the optical reflectivity and direct observations in an inverted polarizing microscope reveal that the first-order phase transition between Sm-A- and Sm-${\mathit{C}}^{\mathrm{*}}$-like structures takes place in films that are thick enough (Ng${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{c}}$=90). In thin films (N${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{c}}$) this transition disappears. For N\ensuremath{\approxeq}${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{c}}$, a critical behavior is detected. A theoretical scheme for interpretation of phase transitions in smectic films is proposed and on its basis a conjecture on tension-induced phase transitions is formulated.


Two-dimensional electrophoresis of muscle proteins has provided valuable new information concerning the heterogeneity of some of the major contractile proteins, alterations in the protein population of developing muscle fibers during various stages of myogenesis, and protein aberrations that correlate with muscle diseases. As with all electrophoretic techniques, careful attention must be paid to the preparation of samples and the selection of reagents to be used for the protein separations. Two-dimensional electrophoresis is the obvious method of choice when analysis of protein mixtures is required. The routine clinical application of two-dimensional electrophoresis to analysis of muscle tissue remains to be demonstrated. However, methods of sample preparation for two-dimensional electrophoresis compatible with existing clinical procedures have been described, and the equipment for multiple analyses is available. As protein abnormalities related to human myopathy are detected through the use of two-dimensional electrophoresis as a research tool, useful clinical markers of specific myopathic processes will be found. The preliminary work on muscle protein analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis described in this review has begun a new approach to the enigma of human muscle disease.


Fifteen flocks comprising 18 toms, 44 hens and 26 poults were monitored in Dange-Shuni, Wurno and Kware Local Government Areas between August and November, 2011. The study objectives were to establish the source of stock of the indigenous turkeys, to examine the problems associated with turkey rearing and preliminarily three to six fortnightly visits were paid to the study flocks, during which data were collected on flock size and live weight of the turkeys. Adult turkeys (toms and hens) and poults were weighed by means of 10kg and 1000g – capacity scales, respectively. And to assess the production performance of the indigenous domestic turkey under the village production system. Strains of the domestic turkeys found in the study flocks included: 'Baki', 'Banasare', 'Yarkada' and 'Fari'. Average flock size was 5.86 ± 5.39 birds made up of 3 ± 2.12 hens, 1 ± 1.6 toms and 2 ± 3.78 poults. The results showed that 'Baki' (Black) strain was heavier than 'Banasare' and other strains found there. It was also shown that brooding hens were heavier than resting, laying and incubating hens. Average values for live weight of toms and hens were 5588.4 ± 1437.3g and 3816.4 ± 845.5g. Poults weighed 156.36 ± 49.92g at about two weeks. Live weight of hens varied according to physiological stage (Incubating; 3611.3 ± 706.6g, Brooding; 4162.1 ± 761.7g, Resting; 3807.6 ± 909.6g, Laying; 3691.6 ± 483.2g).


According to author the science in Poland is in the permanent crisis. It concerns scientist, institution and laws. The reviewer duly appreciates contribution of Professor Grabski as a president (1992-2006) of the Polish Scientific Foundation but rejects his opinions.


MRI, with ever‐increasing spatial resolution, recently has depicted progressively more anatomic details of the inner ear and is playing an important role in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with sensorineural hearing loss. We present a three‐dimensional (3D) segment‐interleaved, motion‐compensated acquisition in steady state (SIMCAST) sequence that allows further increase in spatial resolution in reasonable scan times minimizing artifacts due to susceptibility and motion. The sequence uses gradient moment nulling over TR and segmented interleaved acquisition of multiple data sets with different radiofrequency (RF) phase‐cycling schemes. Combination of data from multiple acquisitions by averaging and maximum intensity projection were compared. Images of phantoms and in vivo inner ears were obtained with both full and fractional echoes and compared with other high resolution techniques such as three‐dimensional gradient‐echo and two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional fast spin‐echo (FSE) sequences. The new sequence achieves improved signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution resulting in improved depiction of inner ear structures.


The paper addresses the possibilities of reducing the overall number of degrees of freedom in large scale reactive flow computations. Attention focusses on the dimension reduction technique ILDM due to {\sc Maas and Pope}, which treats certain automatically detected fast dynamic components as algebraic equations (so-called slow manifold). In earlier papers, the dimension of the reduction had been kept constant throughout each computation. Recently, a mathematically sound and nevertheless cheap dimension monitor for the chemistry part only has been suggested by {\sc Deuflhard and Heroth}. The present paper reports about first steps taken towards the implementation of that monitor into a flame code. Moreover, a sparse grid storage scheme is advocated and analyzed in view of the construction of efficient table look--ups for nested manifolds.


Ionospheric measurements of electron density, electron and ion temperature, and vertical drift made at the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar have been used to derive the neutral exospheric temperature and the thermospheric neutral wind speed along the magnetic meridian. These two parameters were used as input to a dynamic model for the neutral atmosphere over Millstone from which values of the zonal and meridional winds at 300 km were derived. Of 85 days of data available over the 6 year period 1970-1975, 21 days were geomagnetically active (daily average AE ≥ 300 γ). In analyzing the disturbed days, heating of the ions by the neutral winds, differences in the neutral density from MSIS model predictions, and electric field effects were taken into consideration. All disturbed days show three distinct effects, viz., enhanced nighttime temperatures, strong equatorward nighttime winds, and transition of the zonal winds from eastward to westward much earlier in the nighttime sector than usual. The strong equatorward winds transport high latitude heat away from the auroral zone. They usually are found to maximize after midnight and probably represent an extension to mid-latitudes of the 'midnight surge' seen at auroral latitudes (Bates and Roberts, 1977). In the daytime sector, some disturbed days exhibit poleward winds, which are not as strong as normal, but this does not seem to be a consistent feature.


The effects of several stimulatory agents upon Na22 uptake in longitudinal smooth muscle isolated from guinea-pig ileum were measured. NaM uptake was not altered by raising the potassium concentration of the Tyrode's solution to 80 mM but was markedly increased by substitution of K† for the nonradioactive Na† in the bathing solution. The largest increases in Na22 uptake obtained with acetyicholine, carbachol or histamine occurred when muscles were incubated in 22 prior to a brief exposure to one of these stimulatory agents. The increased 22 uptake was seen mainly as part of the slow washout component. An increase in total content was also induced by acetylcholine, carbachol and histamine. The magnitude of contractile responses to various stimulatory agents was not inhibited either by ouabain (even though muscle content was increased) or by substitution of for Na22. It appears that Na22 movements and changes in cellular gradients can be dissociated from tension responses under some conditions. Thus, movements and contractions induced by stimulatory agents may not always occur in sequence in ileal smooth muscle but, instead, can be parallel and largely independent cellular responses.


Ear infection is a common problem for both children and adults especially in developing countries. A retrospective study was conducted from October, 2019 to September, 2020 at Darbhanga Medical College, Laheriasarai, Bihar. Ear discharge samples were cultured on MacConkey agar, blood agar and chocolate agar plates. A total of 115 ear discharge samples were tested for bacterial isolation and 86 (74.78%) cases were found positive; 49 (56.98%) were gram negative bacteria and the predominant isolate were S. aureus 21 (24.42%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 20 (23.26%). Of individuals 70 (81.40%) had single bacterial infection and 16 (18.60%) had mixed bacterial infections. Under five children were more affected by ear infection. The prevalence of ear infection was higher in females than males (64.35% vs 35.65%) (P=0.879). The prevalence of ear infection was very high in the study area. Majority of the bacterial isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Hence antibiotics susceptibility test is mandatory before prescribing any antibiotics.


This study aimed to analyze welfare factors affecting welfare satisfaction on the basis of working experience and knowledge of female employees at casinos and examine problems currently recognized thoroughly and pursue improvement and make a development scheme through researches on welfare in order to improve welfare satisfaction and the quality of working environment among female employees in the casino industry. An objective survey was conducted on the actual state of welfare among female workers at Paradise Casino in Busan and Seven Luck Casino Gangnam in Seoul ; analysis was carried out in the valid sample obtained from an empirical research by using an SPSS 14.0 statistical package. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were used. From the results, casino female employees have different perceptions towards welfare in both casinos in Seoul and Busan. In addition, welfare is very important factor to have overall satisfaction for their working environment.


Benign tumors of the stomach are unusual, constituting from 0.5% to 5% of all gastric tumors. 4,7,8,10,15,22 Finesilver 11 reported finding an average of one benign gastric tumor per 7200 roentgen examinations of the stomach. Root 19 found 17 benign gastric tumors in 250,000 hospital admissions, an incidence of 11 per 14,705 admissions. Thompson and Oyster 22 found 66 benign gastric tumors in 20,000 autopsies. Lipomas constitute 2% to 5% of all benign gastric tumors, 8,9,15,22 and several large hospitals have no record of this lesion occurring in their files. Rumold, 20 in 1941, collected all reported cases of lipoma of the stomach since 1835 and added 1 of his own, bringing the total to 33. In 1946, Scott and Brunschwig 21 added 5 cases from the literature and 1 of their own, bringing the total to 39. Falla Alvarez 2 collected 4 more from the literature and added 1


Meningiomas are the most common type of primary tumor of the central nervous system. The signs and symptoms of meningioma are dependent on the location of the tumor. Psychiatric symptoms can range from mood symptoms, anxiety, psychosis features, memory problems, and personality changes, and are usually related to the location of the meningioma tumor. Here we report a middle-aged lady with psychotic symptoms after resection of left petrous meningioma which lead to significant socio-personal dysfunction. She started treatment with antipsychotics. At 3 months of follow-up, the patient had no ideas of persecution or reference, had occasional hallucinations, and had a fair insight.


The qucstioii of experimental attack upoii mammalian dcvelopment has been, in the main, avoided lwwuse of the techiiical difficulties involved. The present series of investigations is a survey of thc capacity of the embryo at different developmental stages to undergo development under conditions altered from the normal. The stages nsed are graded from the two-celled egg to the late fochtus and a sufficient quantity of data has been secured to show the relative possibility of securing positive results in some of the locations tested. The various coiiditioiis and regions in which a mammalian embryo may develop have been considered in a number of investigations. Heape (1890) transferred segmenting eggs between two varieties of rabbits and found that an altered uterine environment did not change their varietal characters. Hammond ( '31) has since repeated this experiment. Brachet ( '13)' Waterman ( '32) and Waddington and Waterman ( '33) have followed certain phases of the development of the rabbit in vitro as have Lewis and Gregory ('29). So far it has not been possible to follow rat development in the same way although Martinovitch ( '29) and Defrise ('33) have made experiments along this line.


Based on an extended Hubbard model, we present calculations of both the local (i.e., single-site) and spatially averaged differential tunneling conductance in d-wave superconductors containing nonmagnetic impurities in the unitary limit. Our results show that a random distribution of unitary impurities of any concentration can at most give rise to a finite zero-bias conductance (with no peak there) in spatially averaged non-STM type of tunneling. This is in spite of the fact that local tunneling in the immediate vicinity of an isolated impurity does show a conductance peak at zero bias. We also find that to give rise to even a small zero-bias conductance peak in the spatially averaged type of tunneling the impurities must form dimers, trimers, etc., along the [110] directions. In addition, we find that the most recently observed novel pattern of the tunneling conductance around a single impurity by Pan et al. [Nature (London) 403, 746 (2000)] can be explained in terms of a realistic model of the tunneling configuration which gives rise to the experimental results reported there. The key feature in this model is the blocking effect of the BiO and SrO layers which exist between the tunneling tip and the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ layer being probed.


Let (Y, d) be a Gromov-Hausdorff limit of closed shrinking Ricci solitons with uniformly upper bounded diameter and lower bounded volume. We prove that off a closed subset of codimension at least 2, Y is a smooth manifold satisfying a shrinking Ricci soliton equation.


For centuries, migrations have been features of social communities, and it is quite certain they will remain so in the future. However, what marks certain periods or circumstances are the causes of migrations, their manifestations, extent, dynamics, the general directions of migrant movement, and the corresponding effects on the safety of individuals, regions, and even international security. In this paper we have defi ned
what migrations are and discussed their effect on human trafficking – one of the most dangerous forms of organised crime – and the security challenges in this domain in the European Union area, also with regard to international security. In terms of the variety of its exploitative objectives, human trafficking is an international, organised, criminal phenomenon with severe consequences on the security, well-being, and human rights
of its victims. In the opinion of many, sexual exploitation is one of the most widespread forms of exploitation of human traffi cking victims in practice. According to data available to Europol, 10,000 migrant children have so far disappeared after their arrival on European soil. The scope and dynamics of migratory movements of the last few years, and their relation to numerous illegal activities, certainly affect the security of individuals
and regions, as well as international security. It is important to consider whether the European Union, in attempting to protect the national security of EU states by numerous restrictive measures, has achieved that in reality, or has actually produced the opposite effect in this area.


Laboratory flume experiments conducted to illuminate flow field and sediment transport characteristics in ice‐covered sand‐bed channels are discussed. The overall purpose of the experiments was to examine how level ice covers affect flow distribution, flow turbulence characteristics, and sediment transport rates. The experiments were conducted with a nonrefrigerated flume fitted with a sand bed and plywood panels used to simulate cover‐floating ice covers. A discriminator laser‐doppler velocimeter was used to measure water and sediment particle velocities simultaneously. The addition of a cover and an increase in its roughness increases flow depth and decreases bulk flow velocity, thereby reducing sediment transport rates compared to those in open water flow. The Reynolds shear stress, turbulence intensities, and distribution of sediment size over the depth also change.


Abstract This paper collects data on the static sensitization emulsification process flow of Kings-type emulsion explosives, analyzes the collected data by combining the indicator factors and probability density functions in the time-domain analysis, and designs a safety monitor for the static sensitization process flow. In order to pursue more rigorous production safety, the static sensitization process optimization objective function was determined, and the function was constrained as well as quadratically linearized to construct a static sensitization process safety optimization model based on quadratic linear programming. After analysis, it is concluded that the safety factors affecting the static sensitization process are temperature, sensitizer, number of sensitizer stages and pressure. Other conditions are the same, the foaming density can finally reach 1.23g/cm3 when low-temperature static sensitization, but the time spent is longer 14h, and the foaming density decreases from 1.41g/cm3 to 1.09g/cm3 as the amount of sensitizer increases.


Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine whether changes to early nutrition are associated with levels of glycemia in very preterm infants. Methods: A retrospective, observational study of infants <1500 g or <30 weeks' gestation admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care, National Women's Hospital, New Zealand, before (Old Protocol) and after (New Protocol) a change in nutritional protocol. Nutritional intakes were calculated and averaged by day for postnatal days 1 to 7 (week 1) and 1 to 28 (month 1). Relationships between glycemia measures, macronutrient intakes, and achievement of 10% enteral feeds (≥10% total intake) were explored using logistic regression. Results: Old Protocol (n = 190) and New Protocol (n = 267) groups had similar baseline characteristics. In week 1, New Protocol infants received more protein, less fat, and carbohydrate, had lower mean blood glucose concentrations (BGCs) (mean ± SD 4.9 ± 1.2 vs 5.6 ± 1.4 mmoll/L, P < 0.0001), less hyperglycemia (BGC > 8.5 mmol/L, 71 [27%] vs 80 [42%], P = 0.0005), but similar hypoglycemia (BGC < 2.6). In month 1, New Protocol infants also had less hyperglycemia (105 [39%] vs 96 [51%], P = 0.02) and lower mean BGC (5.0 ± 1.1 vs 5.5 ± 1.1 mmol/L, P < 0.0001), but insulin usage was similar. After adjustment for birth weight z score and gestational age, hyperglycemia was significantly associated with week 1 intakes (g · kg−1 · day−1) of protein (odds ratio [95% confidence intervals] 0.47 [0.23–0.79], P = 0.004), fat (0.54 [0.40–0.74], P < 0.0001), and carbohydrate (1.25 [1.09–1.44], P < 0.0001). These relationships were similar for month 1. Each additional day to achieve 10% enteral feeds was associated with increased odds of hypoglycemia (1.09 [1.00–1.18], P = 0.04) and hyperglycemia (1.16 [1.06–1.28], P = 0.002). Conclusions: In very preterm infants, macronutrient balance and small, early enteral feeds may assist glycemic control.


On June 23, 2016, a slight majority of the British people delivered one of the harshest blows in history to the European integration project known as the European Union (EU). The triumph of the "Leave" campaign took most pollsters and political commentators by surprise, and awarded up to 6-to-1 payouts to the few gamblers who had dared to bet on its success at British bookmaking services. While the referendum results are not formally binding on the British government, it became clear quite early on that the hope of some of the "Remain" supporters that the government might refrain from acting upon the results, given the small margin of the win, were unfounded. The newly appointed British prime minister, Theresa May, made it completely clear immediately after taking office that "Brexit means Brexit," and that despite having been in favor of staying in the EU, she would respect the decision of the British people to leave.


This paper identifies innovations that will advance the impact of telehealth and provide new industry opportunities within the next 3-5 years through an assessment of future directions in telehealth as well as the supporting evidence base of current technology capabilities, global telehealth practices, and barriers to the implementation and diffusion of telehealth at scale. The resulting technology-enabled solutions are expected to improve the effectiveness of care services delivered remotely, increase patient engagement in care, and improve health outcomes. The findings can inform strategies for the advancement of telehealth services at scale and on a sustained basis through innovations in areas of research and development, service delivery, and business models.


Nanopackaging is one of the most significant subjects in food packaging And it is so important for food safety and food quality control, then we need natural method (without chemical material)for packaging process. In this study, the possibility of using nanocomposite (LDPE) based on silver nanoparticle as a food packaging was proposed. Chemical reduction method with Trisodium citrate as a reductant was applied for preparing silver nanoparticle. In the method mentioned using of diverse reducing agent can be produced different size of nanoparticles that having different antibacterial action. The nanostructure and particle size of of silvernanoparticles were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The average of particle size was 68 nm. After confirming the formation of nanoparticles, they were coated on the LDPE surface by melt mixing method. Surface morphology of the silver/LDPE nanocomposite was characterised by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The film thickness was 33.67nm. In addition, the antibacterial properties of the prepared nanocomposite film was evaluated by disc diffusion method. The results showed avourable antibacterial efficiency against Escheria Coli (ATCC 8739) and staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 6538) and The results show that the released silver from the coated film is enough to create antimicrobial activity in the incubated solution.


ABSTRACT In recent years, an on-going shift from more progressive political, social and cultural relations towards a more conservative turn around the world has been under way. A fascist political stance (STANLEY, 2018) has been noted in different parts of the globe and politicians have been able to gather followers dissatisfied with crumbling economies by usually making recourse to an "us versus them" discourse. Such dissatisfaction and bias have found fertile ground in social media platforms, e.g. Facebook and WhatsApp, and elevated the tensions around such issues to a level never before seen. In the 2018 presidential election in Brazil, similar tensions were fuelled by a candidate with an authoritarian, xenophobic and misogynistic discourse. More importantly, that authoritarian discourse did not go unchallenged and the same social media platforms were home for constant resistance to it such as, for instance, the movement #nothim, created by the Facebook group "Women United against Bolsonaro", and the rap/hip hop movement in Brazil, which released protest songs and a manifesto called "Rap for Democracy" on YouTube. In this paper, we focus on one music video in particular, 'Primavera Fascista' ("Fascist Spring") to present a multimodal analysis of how resistance to that candidate's discourse was constructed. We look into visual, sound, musical and linguistic resources (KRESS, 2010; MACHIN, 2010). Drawing upon a view of language as performative (PENNYCOOK, 2004; 2007), we use the analytical constructs of entextualization (BAUMAN & BRIGGS, 1990) and indexicality (BLOMMAERT, 2005; 2010) to show that the rap song is an exhaustive discursive exercise of metapragmatic reflexivity on the performative effects of a number of fascist statements produced by the candidate.


Size-controllable micro-bubble generation from thermoplasmonic effect is of great interest in many fields. In this study, photothermal bubble generation is demonstrated by using a near-infrared plasmonic absorber. A plasmonic nanopillar array is fabricated using a simple and low-cost soft thermal nanoimprint lithography process. Under near-infrared illumination, the plasmonic absorber becomes a highly efficient nanosource of heat because of enhanced light absorption at the localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength. The plasmonic substrate is able to generate size-tunable bubbles, depending on the illumination power and exposure time. The results of finite-difference time-domain simulations exhibit close agreement with the experimental observations. This study could provide alternative chemical synthesis approaches in solvothermal chemistry and sol-gel chemistry.


ABSTRACT Our species' biological success is unsurpassed – an achievement largely accredited to our remarkable capacity to cooperate. Large-scale cooperation, however, remains a puzzle. Recent work suggests that belief in the existence of omnipresent and omnipotent moralistic deities may have contributed to the emergence and maintenance of cooperation in large-scale societies. This study examines the relationship between religiosity and cooperation in the Hadza, one of the few remaining hunter-gatherer populations in the world. Hadza were surveyed about their religious beliefs and participated in two incentivized economic games, designed to measure rule-bending in favor of one's campmates (game 1) and self (game 2) at the expense of Hadza living in other camps. Consistent with previous ethnographic descriptions, the Hadza engage in few religious practices and lack a strong belief in the existence of powerful and moralizing deities. The Hadza also show very high levels of rule-bending. There is, however, little evidence that belief in moralistic deities is associated with decreased rule-bending within the Hadza. Instead, the findings suggest that rule-bending for one's campmates increases as the proportion of kin in one's camp increases. Also, Hadza living in a geographic region close to markets and increased tourism exhibit greater rule-bending in favor of self compared to more isolated Hadza. The high levels of rule-bending and low levels of religiosity observed in the Hadza are discussed in light of the strong norms of sharing and egalitarianism that characterize their lives.


Tracer studies were performed at the full-scale St-Hermas aerated lagoon, Quebec, Canada, and a dynamically similar laboratory model to determine the effects of the water flow rate and aeration rate on hydraulic mixing. The tracer study E-curves were extrapolated to ensure conservation of the tracer mass within the system and in turn were analyzed using a two-celled compartmental model. The results of the compartmental model analysis demonstrate that the water flow and aeration rates both influence the percentage of dead zones and bypassing within the system, with the water flow rate being the dominant parameter. This study therefore concludes that hydraulic mixing of aerated lagoons is significantly affected by the water flow and aeration rates. The ability to demonstrate that these hydraulic parameters affect the mixing of aerated lagoons is attributed to the E-curve development and the compartmental model analysis used in this study.


In 1964, Richard Burton appeared on Broadway playing the title role in a production of Hamlet, directed by John Gielgud.1 Later that year, a film version of that stage production was released simultaneously on screens across the United States, in a limited run of one week.2 Watching that film decades later, Barbara Hodgdon admires the way that, in the "To be or not to be" speech, Burton "sweeps both hands across his face . . . with a gesture of self-erasure" that, even mediated by film, gives Hodgdon a strong sense of the meaning-making role of the body in the performance of Shakespeare's texts.3 This article is about Hamlet. It is also about bodies, especially Shakespearean bodies. It is in part an article about the discourses employed in the field of Shakespeare in Performance. And, finally, this is an article about the ghostly relationship between recorded and live performance. Marvin Carlson argues that theatrical performance is "a cultural activity deeply involved with memory and haunted by repetition."4 For Carlson, Marcellus's fearful question about the ghost of King Hamlet, "[H]as this thing appeared again tonight?" is "profoundly evocative of the operations of theatre."5 In the Shakespearean productions that I discuss in this study, performance—theatrical and otherwise—consistently finds its ghostly afterimage in the archive of cinematic representation. My work has for some time focused on the disappearance and reappearance of bodies.6 When I look at film versions of Shakespeare, I often find myself watching the way a tradition of embodied performance (early English theatre) has been rendered disembodied, or virtual rather than actual. Seeing Shakespeare on film in this way is not nostalgia but a recognition of the technology and (im)materiality of cinema. Moreover, I am aware, as Sarah Bay-Cheng would hasten to remind me, that no medium, however seemingly virtual, is really disembodied.7 One pleasure of watching a film is the haptic sensation of vicarious experience, the times at which a flat projection can remind us that we, the audience, have bodies even if the recorded images on the screen do not. We control the technology of such images in various


The interannual variability of the South Asian summer monsoon and associated land-surface processes over the Eurasian continent in a ten-year integration (1979-88) of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is examined. The AGCM has been developed jointly by the Center for Climate System Research (CCSR), the University of Tokyo, and the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). A monsoon intensity index, based on the magnitude of summer-mean vertical shear of zonal wind over the south Asian monsoon region, is used to classify weak and strong monsoon years. It is found that the simulated interannual variability of broad-scale summer monsoon shows a good correlation with observations. Furthermore, distinct precursory signals, including the Eurasian snow in winter and soil moisture anomalies in spring, have been found in the pre-monsoon seasons of weak and strong monsoon years. There is a sharp contrast between weak and strong monsoon years; excessive snow over Eurasia south of 50°N in winter and the increased soil moisture in spring are found prior to weak summer monsoon. These results are consistent with evidence found in observational data analyses and some model experiments. A detailed analysis of surface heat budget shows that snow-albedo feedback dominates over the Tibetan Plateau. On the other hand, to its west in the central Asia, the relatively lower land, the effective cloud albedo anomalies due to excessive rainfall and surface evaporation influence the surface conditions. A numerical experiment with the Eurasian land surface initial conditions in spring, interchanged between weak and strong monsoon years, indicates positive roles played by the land surface processes in influencing the subsequent summer monsoon circulations during the 10-year period. However, such land surface feedbacks are not strong enough to change the sign of the monsoon circulation anomalies. The direct influence of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation through the changes in Walker circulation appears to predominate.


Abstract This paper address the question of why giant gold deposits are so unevenly spread over the continents, what processes control their distribution, and how more might be found? Using the source-migration-trap paradigm, it is proposed that the regional distribution of gold deposits is controlled by fluid access to gold sources on a regional scale, and by large-scale migration mechanisms. Local distribution is controlled by migration and trap processes, not discussed in this paper. Our current levels of understanding of gold suggest a strong geodynamic control in the generation of enriched source rocks and the fluids that may carry gold, particularly the influence of subduction and accretion during orogeny. A new six-fold geodynamic classification system that emphasizes subduction and accretion processes has been used here qualitatively to assess the potential for gold-bearing source areas. The resulting classification is compared to the distribution of 181 known giant gold deposits (those with more than 100 t contained gold). The results confirm the proposition that the distribution of giant gold deposits is ultimately a function of the amount of oceanic crust consumed during the orogenic episode that built that part of the crust. Of the six geodynamic classes described, large ocean closure orogens were found to contain the most gold, with nearly half of the world's gold held in known giant deposits. Implications for understanding ore genesis, exploration for other giant deposits, and for other empirical explanations of the distribution of gold are discussed further.


A preliminary discussion is given concerning the measurements on the forbidden transition ν2 in the infrared spectrum of methane, first observed by Coblentz. This band becomes active in the infrared through Coriolis interaction with the frequency ν4. Although no detailed discussion of the structure of this band can be given before the theory has been studied in detail, many of its characteristics can be accounted for. Finally, with the aid of the value of ν2*, the corresponding frequency in the infrared spectrum of CD4, an estimate of the normal frequency ω2 can be made.


Abstract: Training a SVR (support vector regression) requires the solution of a very large QP (quadratic programming) optimization problem. Despite the fact that this type of problem is well understood, the existing training algorithms are very complex and slow. In order to solve these problems, this paper firstly introduces a new way to make SVR have the similar mathematic form as that of a support vector machine. Then a versatile iterative method, successive overrelaxation, is proposed. Experimental results show that this new method converges considerably faster than other methods that require the presence of a substantial amount of data in memory. The results give guidelines for the application of this method to large domains.


One of the major weaknesses of state-owned enterprises is low executive compensation that is poorly linked to business performance. Unattractive compensation has demotivated such executives and has resulted in negative impacts on corporate performance. An increase in salary for these executives should be closely linked to corporate performance. It is suggested that executive performance should be improved in parallel with better-quality management of human resources and a stronger framework for the state-owned enterprises to operate in. Executive compensation changes have proven to be difficult and time consuming for state-owned enterprises. Therefore, stateowned enterprises must accelerate equitization to create a breakthrough in their performance.


Expanding cities means increasing the need for energy in the residential sector. The supply of this energy must be in environmentally friendly ways; one method of meeting demand in the residential sector is the use of combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems. The current review paper shows that due to the high cost of gas and electricity, CCHP can be used in various sectors, such as hospitals and airports, to reduce energy consumption with lower environmental impacts by using renewable energy systems as the main driver. While CCHP systems are not feasible in tropical regions with high cooling demand, a solar hybrid system is a superior candidate for regions with sufficient radiation. CCHP can also be used in sectors such as wastewater treatment units, desalination systems, and hydrogen production units to improve performance and increase productivity. The carbon and water footprints of CCHP systems are discussed in detail. The main drivers for reducing carbon and water footprints are improving system components such as the combustion engine and increasing productivity by expanding the system to multi-generation systems. Finally, the carbon tax index can help reduce carbon emissions if properly used in the right context. Based on our best knowledge, there is no extensive review of the environmental aspects of CCHP systems in the literature.


Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis is a painful erythematous, often crusted, papule most commonly found on the helix of the ear of men over the age of 40 years. It is seen less commonly in women, in whom it is usually located on the antihelix. The lesions usually occur unilaterally, although bilateral involvement has been reported. We report an unusual case of chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis in an 86-year-old woman, which presented with bilateral involvement of the concha of auricles.


II TABLE OF CONTENTS VI LIST OF FIGURES IX LIST OF TABLES XI LIST OF SYMBOLS XII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XVI CHAPTER 1:


Abstract The aim of this article is to describe the activities performed during the health literacy month commemoration at the State University of Ceara, Brazil, during its University Week Events 2015–2017, and to reflect about successes, failures and perspectives from these events. The events focused on five major points: defining health literacy; describing assessments and measurements of health literacy; the importance of health literacy on professional practice; when the principles of health literacy should be practiced; and the significance of October as Health Literacy month. The Teach-Back method of communication was introduced, which not only serves as the initial step in starting the discussion on the importance of health literacy for patient empowerment during patient-clinician encounters, but also to assist institutions in developing pathways towards becoming health literate organizations.


The evapotranspiration product of Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model from 1980 to 2017 was used in this study to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of ET in the headwaters of the Yellow River. The results showed that the mean annual ET in the study area was 416.8mm for the period of 1980-2017, increasing gradually from west to east. The ET presented a unimodal distribution, with lower values in January, February, November, and December, and increased significantly from May to September, with the largest ET in July and August. From 1980 to 2017, the annual ET showed a non-significant increasing trend, and the change point for ET is around 2004.


Problems of interest in goldpoint geometry [1] arise from study of tile-figures that are obtained when goldpoints are marked on sides of triangles, squares, pentagons, etc. and joined by lines in various ways. Many combinatoric problems arise naturally in the course of such studies. Another type of problem is to determine how to combine collections of golden tiles in jig-saw fashion, so that they tile a given geometric figure (or the whole plane) with goldpoint marks on touching sides corresponding everywhere. Examples of these types of problems are the following: (i) Find how many different golden tiles can be formed from regular polygons; that is, find how many inequivalent golden triangles, squares, pentagons, etc. there are. (ii) Given a regular hexagon, find how many different ways it can be tiled by equilateral golden triangles, jig-saw fashion. In this paper I introduce a new type of problem into goldpoint geometry. I study a variety of fractals which are achieved by using as base the segment [0, 1], and a motif which involves the goldpoints of that segment. In Sections 2 and 3, the goldpoint dust set and snowflake are defined, and some of their properties are derived. In the following section, I describe goldpoint fractals which I dedicate to the memory of the inspirational American mathematician Herta T. Freitag, who passed away early in 2000 in her 91st year. In the final section, I present studies of fractals which are based on the regular pentagon. It is well-known (indeed the knowledge goes back to extreme antiquity, since it is mentioned in cabalistic literature) that the golden mean occurs frequently in the geometry of the pentagon [3] and its accompanying pentagram star. It is hoped that the results given below on pentagon fractals will add to existing literature on the pentagram.


The Roadmap for Process Heating Technology (March 16, 2001), identified the following priority RD Improved methods for stabilizing low emission flames; Heating technologies that simultaneously reduce emissions, increase efficiency, and increase heat transfer. This Category I award entitled ''Proof of Concept of an Advanced Process Heater (APH) for Steel, Aluminum, and Petroleum Industries of the Future'' met the technical feasibility goals of: (1) Doubling the heat transfer rates (2) Improving thermal efficiencies by 20%, (3) Improving temperature uniformity by 100 degrees F and (4) simultaneously reducing NOx and CO2 emissions. The APH address EERE's mission priority of increasing efficiency/reducing fuel usage in energy intensive industries. One component of the APH, the SpyroCorTM, was commercialized by STORM Development's partner, Spinworks LLC. Over 2000 SpyrCorsTM were sold in 2004 resulting in 480 million BTU's of energy savings, 20% reduction in NOx and CO2 levels, and 9 jobs in N.W. Pennsylvania. A second component, the HeatCorTM, a low-cost high-temperature heat exchanger will be demonstrated by Spinworks in 2005 in preparation for commercial sales in 2006. The project occurred in the 21st Congressional District of Pennsylvania. Once fully commercialized, the APH energy savings potential is 339 trillionmore » BTUs annually in the U.S. and will process 1.5 million more tons annually without major capital equipment expenditures. Spinworks will commercialize the APH and add over 100 U.S. workers. To accomplish the objective, STORM Development LLC teamed with Penn State University, SyCore, Inc, Spinworks LLC, and Schunk-INEX, Inc. The project consisted of component engineering and integration of the APH followed by parametric testing. All components of the system were tested in a lab furnace that simulates a full scale industrial installation. The target areas for development include: (1) Scale up STORM's Finned Stabilized Combustion, (2) Optimization of SyCore's SiGr Inserts such that the heat transfer on the exhaust leg will match the high luminosity burner leg., (3) Evaluation of the heat transfer characteristics of Schunk-INEX's finned composite tubes as a heat exchanger, and (4) Design of a system to monitor all components of the APH and control its performance such that the objectives are met.« less


The direct reduction of iron ore pellets with syngas or hydrogen is a promising technology to reduce the CO2 emissions of the iron and steel industry. The conversion rate of single iron ore pellets to iron is extensively investigated. In most of these studies, a shrinking core model is employed to reproduce the experimental observations. However, this model presents an inherent bias by assuming a sharp separation between a fully converted region and a fully unreacted one. Herein the present study, an improved porous solid model is proposed. This model solves the mass balances of the individual gas species and the solid ones assuming spherical symmetry. The governing equations, the main algorithm, and validation cases are presented. The present model also offers wide flexibility to incorporate complex phenomena such as porosity changes or carbon deposition. Furthermore, the proposed model is integrated into a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) environment. It is verified that identical input parameters yield almost identical results in both frameworks, opening the gate toward reliable CFD simulations of industrial‐scale reactors.


Models of internal migration can be found in the demographic, geographic, and economic literatures. Unlike most of these models, which are based on cross-sectional analysis of migration rates, the approach here is to incorporate longitudinal as well as cross-sectional aspects by using models from the panel-data literature. Empirical modeling using this approach is possible using a data base recently revised and updated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The focus of this article is on model-selection aspects, relying heavily on diagnostic and graphical methods. Understanding the variance structure of the data is particularly important for forecasting purposes. An interesting aspect of the variance structure is the presence of rampant cross-sectional heteroscedasticity, moderate contemporaneous correlation, and mild longitudinal autocorrelation of the transformed data. An important conclusion of the model selection and diagnostic verification is that, based on the available data, percentage changes of state...


Has analysed Secondary website of my courtyard current situation and the existence question,has submitted a little concrete view and suggestion.Discuss together with everybody.


Abstract: This study aims to find out how law enforcement for crimes committed by autistic people in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative research with a normative juridical approach. The method used in this research is the study of literature, with descriptive data analysis. The protection of persons with disabilities has been regulated in Indonesian law listed in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities. The law refers to international conventions (The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities). Persons with disabilities as referred to in this law include autism as intellectual disabilities. Although it has been regulated in legislation that persons with autism get the same rights and obligations in law as other citizens, in reality it is not uncommon for cases to end in injustice for them. Some criminal cases involving autistic persons often experience difficulties in their resolution, due to lack of understanding of law enforcement officers. The study states that to provide the fairest possible action for persons with autism, law enforcement must be able to ascertain their physical and psychological condition. This is done through a special approach and assistance from experts and people who are able to create comfort for autistic people is very influential, so that the information received is accurate. An assembly in giving the fairest decision, must be able to consider the opinions of experts, especially those who understand autism.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the quantitative classification and measuring method of nasal deviation and effectiveness of Septo-rhinoplasty for nasal deviation.

METHOD
Fourteen selected cases of nasal deviation were rectified by Septo-rhinoplasty. The deviated parameters were measured both before and after operation.

RESULT
The deviated parameter after operation was (2.75 +/- 1.67) mm in 14 cases. The preoperative parameter was (5.05 +/- 2.03) mm. The difference in changes of deviated parameters before and after operation was significant (P < 0.01). Satisfactory results were achieved after operation in 12 cases. The rate of good cosmetic outcome was 85.71%.

CONCLUSION
Both quantitative grading standard of nasal deviation and measurement of deviation value contribute to clinical diagnosis and medical records. The Septo-rhinoplasty is effective for nasal deviation.


ABSTRACT. Aperia, A., Broherger, O., Thodenius, K. and Zetterström, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, S:t Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Developmental study of the renal response to an oral salt load in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 63: 517, 1974.—An evaluation of sodium homeostasis in 44 preterm infants with gestational ages between 29 and 37 weeks has been carried out during the first week after birth and until time of expected term. The natriuretic response to an oral sodium load has been studied in all infants and the GFR (single injection technique of inulin) in 17 infants. The results are compared with those previously found in full‐term infants. The natriuretic response was highest and the GFR was lowest in the very preterm neonates. In the very preterm infants the values for sodium excretion and GFR was just about the same at the time of expected term as in full‐term newborns. Various explanations for the difference between the very preterm neonates and full‐term neonates are discussed. One factor of importance might he the anatomical development. The immature kidney has in comparison to the adult kidney relatively larger glomerular than tubular mass. Extra‐uterine life seems to have little influence on the development of GFR as well as on the development of the response to the oral salt load. Thus in the very preterm infants, the postmenstrual rather than the postnatal age should be considered when prescribing fluid, electrolytes and drugs.


On the basis of introduction of importance,history and teaching goal of the course of university chemistry for non-chemistry and non-chemical engineering professions,the course system is optimized and reorganized,the teaching method of high quality was discussed and the teaching content of experiment was improved.Through practice for a few years,the teaching of university chemistry has been satisfied among students and teachers,and the effect was obvious.


This investigation was undertaken to identify the graphcnemes inherent within the structure of those English words most likely making up the reading vocabulary of elementary school children. Such knowledge was deeded to be important in determining which words should be included in the content of reading materials designed for initial reading instruction. The hypotheses were that the graphoneme is a readily identifiable matrix within the structure of English words and that a frequency distribution of graphonemes occurring in the vocabulary of elementary school children would provide priorities for teaching purposes. This study dealt only with the decoding process. In identifying words, the 1962 edition of the Thorndike Barnhart Beginning Dictionary was examined and every tenth word marked. Seven generalizations were concluded from the data. The studt also lent validity to the assumption that the graphoneme is a useful matrix to be recognized within a word and enforced the concept of movement away from monosyllabic toward the early introduction of multisyllabic vocabulary. References are included. (NH) U.S DEPARTMENT UF HEALTH. EDUCATION WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS SEEN REPRODUCED ;XACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR Ok3ANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECES SAMMY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU CATION OSITION OR POLICY OCCURRENCE OF GRAPHONEMES IN THE VOCABULARY OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN


In the present note we give two explicit constructions (based on a retractional argument) of a Schauder basis for the Lipschitz free space $\mathcal{F}(N)$, over certain uniformly discrete metric spaces $N$. The first one applies to every net $N$ in a finite dimensional Banach space, leading to the basis constant independent of the dimension. The second one applies to grids in Banach spaces with an FDD. As a corollary, we obtain a retractional Schauder basis for the Lipschitz free space $\mathcal{F}(N)$ over a net $N$ in every Banach space $X$ with a Schauder basis containing a copy of $c_0$, as well as in every Banach space with a $c_0$-like FDD.


Evidence from the neurosciences indicates that the potential of brain development is essentially unlimited for most individuals. Children are not born gifted, but with a limitless potential based on the existence of over a hundred billion brain cells. They become gifted only with appropriate stimulation of their vast, unique genetic potential. Intelligence and the growth of the brain have been found to be dynamic with high levels of intelligence actualized only when appropriate challenge is provided. Stimulation, actions, sensations, and memories are constantly shaping both the function and the anatomy of the brain. The static, genetically inherited, immutable view of intelligence can no longer be justified. Also, because of this research the definition of intelligence and its nurture can no longer be restricted to the linear, rational cognitive function, but must include the integration of all of the functions of the brain; the cognitive (both linear and spatial), the emotional-social, the physical, and the intuitive. Parents and educators can now become better informed regarding how the brain develops, the impact of early experience on the brain, and how they might make learning and teaching more effective and efficient. Understanding the implications from brain research allows a clearer understanding of giftedness and its development. The challenge now becomes to provide experiences that can optimize learning and maximize each child's potential. In this article principles of teaching and learning supported by the brain research are discussed so that this potential may be actualized and the challenge of gifted development can be met.


It is a common movement type in industrial production for the end-effector of industrial robot executing tasks according to desired track. High nonlinearity and coupling are shown from the dynamic characteristic of industrial robot because of the constrained relationship brought by desired task. Therefore, it is difficult to establish dynamical equation with traditional Lagrange equation. Aiming at the dynamics modeling of industrial robot subject to constraint, the additional torque and dynamical equation of industrial robot subject to some desired trajectory is acquired based on the famous Udwadia–Kalaba equation in analytical mechanics field. The simple approach overcomes the disadvantage of obtaining dynamical equation from traditional Lagrange equation by Lagrange multiplier. But the numerical results obtained by integrating the constrained dynamic equation yield the errors. A numerical algorithm is proposed to reduce the errors by modifying the derived dynamic equation. The simulation results prove that the modified algorithm can be more precisely utilized in dynamics modeling of industrial robot subject to constraint.


A case study is presented of a problem-solving exercise with UK police officers who experienced psychological problems after their duties in connection with the Bradford fire disaster of May 11 1985. It is argued that they typify the 'forgotten victims' of disasters: official helpers of one kind or another whose experiences may lead to significant psychological disturbance. Out of the 399 officers who had been involved with the fire, 234 (59 per cent) completed a screening questionnaire and 34 attended a series of confidential counselling sessions. Their specific problems included performance guilt, reconstruction anxiety, generalized irritability, focused resentment and motivational changes. Treatment interventions were tailored to these problems. A second administration of the screening questionnaire three weeks after counselling, and a follow-up approximately nine months after the disaster, indicated a satisfactory level of recovery in the officers.


The recent detection of the third planet in Kepler-47 has shown that binary stars can host several planets in circumbinary orbits. To understand the evolution of these systems we have performed two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the circumbinary disc with two embedded planets for several Kepler systems. In two cases, Kepler-47 and -413, the planets are captured in a 1:1 mean-motion resonance at the planet "parking position" near the inner edge of the disc. The orbits are fully aligned and have mean eccentricities of about 0.25 to 0.30; the planets are entangled in a horseshoe-type motion. Subsequent n-body simulations without the disc show that the configurations are stable. Our results point to the existence of a new class of stable resonant orbits around binary stars. It remains to be seen if such orbits exist in reality.


The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of wrist worn motion sensors to objectively measure motor functions in Parkinson's disease (PD). More specifically, the aim was to construc ...


Methylene chloride was used as extractant in the extraction of condensed liquid and 3% sodium carbonate solution was used in acid separation. Then Capillary Gas Chromatography (CGCT) was used in the analysis of unknown samples. Besides, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis of unknown samples were done by CGCT coupled with Mass Spectrum(MS). Four kinds of compounds including n-propanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl decylate and isobutyric acid were selected for recovery rate determination (recovery rate between 84 %~107 %). The results indicated that the method was practical and simple, and could be popularized in production management and grape wine lab research. (Tran. by YUE Yang)


Abstract This paper contrasts Australian and US military responses to the media coverage of the war in Vietnam. It examines the "oppositional media thesis", considers how this shaped subsequent US military-media relations, and examines the experiences leading to the review and reform of the military's official position in relation to the media. The paper then compares the US experience with that of the Australian military, examining the factors shaping Australian media coverage of the war in Vietnam, the mutual hostility this bred, why it has survived, and how it has shaped military-media relations in the war in Afghanistan.


p = 1.0). None of the TSTpositive workers had evidence of active tuberculosis. Previously unrecognized TST reactivity was frequent among workers on these units. However, determining whether an outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among patients increased the risk of 'IST conversion among these workers was difficult because of the small number of workers who had a recent negative baseline TST Additionally, many workers who had received Bacille CalmetteGuerin (BCG) vaccine were unevaluable because they had been listed as TST reactive in employee health records, but the records were insufficient to determine whether PPD reactivity had been documented. Subsequent to the outbreak, increased efforts are being made to perform TST on employees on a routine basis. The increasing incidence of tuberculosis in the United Sates3 coupled with reports of nosocomial outbreaks emphasizes the importance of tuberculous infection for healthcare workers.4 All workers should have TST at the time of employment and following unprotected exposures to persons with infective tuberculosis; TST should be repeated regularly for those who work in patient care areas, including nonpatient care workers (e.g., dietary and housekeeping personnel and volunteers). Such testing may have been de-emphasized at some institutions5 because, until 1987, the incidence of tuberculosis had been decreasinge3 Among workers who have received BCG, many will be TST negative; among those who have received BCG and are TST positive, many may be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and should be evaluated for preventive therapy6 Additionally, recommended measures for diagnosis, treatment, and appropriate isolation of patients with known or suspected active tuberculosis should be taken to reduce the risk of transmission of tuberculosis within healthcare facilities.4


Parergon 23.1 (2006) disembody Chaucer and the paradox that Chaucer, having been selected as the 'father of English poetry', becomes less representative of his age and disconnected from his own poetic tradition. This, however, may be due less to the elevation of Chaucer than to the focus on only one part of his output in literature courses. Prendergast's real concern throughout this book is canon formation. How did Chaucer come to be so venerated and why was his corpse so necessary to this process? Memorialization in both stone and print and the changing interests of literary criticism are examined and found to be convergent. The chronology is confusing as the author jumps back and forward between the centuries, between editions and between literary theory and historical anecdote. Nevertheless in its exploration of literary values this is a book that goes beyond medieval studies and should be of interest to scholars of varied hues, especially now that Chaucer so often features in studies of Joyce and the post-modern. Although the argument about the relationship of body and book and the privileging of 'presence' as necessary for authorship seems labyrinthine at first it is worth pursuing, not least for the quirky historical details that surface along the way and which threaten to overwhelm the theory with what is essentially a 'good yarn' and one in which Chaucer escapes even Prendergast's painstaking deconstructions. Dosia Reichardt School of Humanities James Cook University


A facile and efficient protocol for cobalt-catalyzed regioselective C8–H sulfonylation of 1-naphthylamine derivatives with sodium sulfinates was developed to afford sulfonylated naphthylamines in moderate to good yields.


Introduction Patients who present with atypical foot pain in a non specific sensory distribution may benefit from having nerve conduction studies (NCS). The aim of this study was to confirm whether NCS is a useful tool. Methods Between July 2005 and March 2011, 78 patients had NCS to investigate foot pain. The management following NCS was compared with the initial management plan. Results Complete data was available for 60 patients, of whom 31 were male. The mean age at presentation was 54.4 years (range 18–89.7). Eighteen patients had bilateral symptoms. The predominant symptom was pain in 47 patients. Aching, burning, throbbing, shooting, pins and needles, proximal/distal radiation, numbness, and paraesthesia were also described in 23 patients. Twenty patients had a history of trauma and five developed symptoms following elective lower limb surgery. Eight patients had a cavovarus foot. There were 22 normal results. The NCS diagnosed peripheral nerve (13)/nerve root (8) pathology, Charcot-Marie-Tooth (1), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1), tarsal tunnel syndrome (3), and nonspecific neuropathy (12). Surgery was initially considered for 9 patients. Following a normal result, 4 out of 7 had surgery. One patient with an abnormal result proceeded to surgery. The NCS was abnormal in 70.1% (36/51) of patients who were for nonoperative management, 4 of whom proceeded to have surgery. None of the patients who had a normal NCS had an operation. Conclusion NCS provided a diagnosis for 63.3% of the patients. Following NCS, the management plan changed in 44% of patients who were initially considered for surgery (4/9) and in 7.8% of patients who were initially considered for nonoperative management (4/51). This investigation is a useful adjunct in guiding the management of patients who present with atypical non specific foot pain.


Based on the global three-dimensional adiabatic potential surfaces (PESs) 12A′, 22A′, 12A″ [Boggio-Pasqua et al., Phys Chem Chem Phys2:1693, 2000], the stereo-dynamics of the reaction C + CH → C2 + H has been investigated by using the quasi-classical trajectories (QCT) method. The four polarization-dependent differential cross sections (PDDCSs) and the angular distributions of P(θr), P(ϕr), P(θr, ϕr) have been calculated at the collision energy 0.1 eV on the three PESs, respectively. The calculated results indicate that the distribution of the product C2 is backward-forward scattering on the 12A′ and 12A″ PESs and backward scattering on the 22A′ PES. The product rotational angular momentum is strongly aligned along the perpendicular direction to the reagent relative velocity k on the three PESs. The orientation of the product C2 rotational angular momentum tends to point to the positive direction of the y-axis on the 12A′ PES but the negative direction on the 22A′ and 12A″ PESs.


A B ST R A C T Local anesthetics have been found to act as competitive inhibitors of caffeine in frog sartorius muscle. They block caffeine-induced rigor and the attendant increase in Ca 4~ influx and efliux. Increased net uptake of sodium, loss of potassium, and concurrent increase in oxygen consumption are all effectively blocked by procaine. Evidence is presented that the inhibitory effect of the local anesthetics cannot be explained by the formation of molecular complexes with caffeine. Increased efflux of Ca 45 produced by changing from zero calcium Ringer's to 0.1 m_M or 1 mM calcium Ringer's is inhibited by procaine and tetracaine. EDTA-stimulated calcium effiux is not affected by either local anesthetic. Caffeine rigor develops in frog muscle depolarized with KC1 or rendered electrically inexcitable by sodium lack. Both the rigor and the increased calcium fluxes are inhibited by local anesthetics in depolarized muscle.


National Fundamental Research Laboratory & Accident Analysis, Beijing University of Che 15, North 3 Ring Road East, 100029 Beijing edu.cn; Tel: +86-13683294397 Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beij 100029 Beijing, P. R. China Department of Chemical and Petroleum Eng WY 82071, USA † Electronic supplementary information image of full spectra for porous-LTO, por SEM images of 3D order self-assembly co plots, lithium adsorption performance o and lithium and sodium adsorption c bare-HTO in the simulation Bayer liquor. Cite this: RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 18883


This paper focuses on elderly and disabled people who live alone and run certain risks, such as frequently falling, entering dangerous places within the house (the second floor, the attic, the basement) or being unable to handle certain problems. Each person has particular needs which must be considered. It is even necessary to foresee that they may not face difficulties only in their houses, but also when they go shopping or for a walk. In such occasions, they may lose their sense of direction. Mobile technologies can provide solutions to these problems, generating a non-invasive control system which may be monitored by family members and friends. Using an app with such characteristics helps the person feel free and safe at the same time. This paper presents a mobile app prototype for planned care and follow-up of elderly or disabled people. The app uses the sensors in devices such as GPSs, accelerometers, barometers, etc, and enables a non- invasive control and follow-up system. The Android-developed app can be easily installed on a wide variety of devices, and facilitate its portability towards android based wearable platforms such us Wear OS and Android Wear. This makes the use of this app more transparent, safer, and less invasive.


The largest Arab country, with a political life that has a broad pan-Arab resonance, Egypt saw between 2 and 4 million of its workers participate in some 3,400 to 4,000 strikes and other collective actions from 1998 to 2010, a movement sustained with no support from the state-sponsored Egyptian Trade Union Federation. Their movement provided numerous occasions for exercises in participatory democracy. When workers did begin to speak about politics, they did not limit themselves to formal democracy—free parliamentary elections and the rotation of power. They demanded substantive democracy: free trade unions and distributive social justice. These understandings of democracy were rarely articulated as a comprehensive political program by a recognized national leadership.


Kiel – Visby – Ventspils ‐ Kiel: 29. 05. – 21. 06. 2010
Cruise ALKOR 355 (AL‐355) was carried out within the framework of the EU FP‐7 project "HYPOX" (In situ monitoring of oxygen depletion in hypoxic ecosystems of coastal and open seas, and land‐locked water bodies). The scientific objectives focused on redox‐dependent nutrient and nitrogen cycles in the benthic boundary layer of the suboxic to anoxic Gotland Basin. The scientific party comprised of scientist from the IFM‐GEOMAR, Kiel (Germany). Main objectives were to study release rates and
inventories of nutrients and nitrogen compounds under varying degrees of bottom water oxygenation in the anoxic to suboxic eastern Gotland Basin (central Baltic). Another goal was to quantify source/sink mechanisms of the benthic boundary layer for nitrogen species and nutrients under changing oxygen conditions to assess potential feedbacks on the upper mixed layer processes.
In order to obtain these goal, we monitored the water column, sampled surface sediments and
deployed several landers along a transect from oxygenated to suboxic and anoxic to sulfide benthic boundary layer conditions in the Latvian EEZ of the eastern Gotland Basin in a depth range from 49m to 235m.


Health is one of those everyday words that only seems self-evident in its meaning. Physiological measurements alone fail to capture the subjective dimension of health. "Health" is an end and a means--it is a foundation for achievement, a first achievement itself, and a precondition for further achievement. "If we devote ourselves to finding holes exactly shaped to house such great words as Freedom, Honour, Bliss we shall spend a lifetime slipping, and sliding and searching and all in vain. They are words without a home, wanderers like the planets, and that is the end of it."[1] One might assume that just as grocers know what they mean by groceries, so health care providers surely must have a dear concept of health in mind when they use this great word. Health is one of those everyday slippery-as-mercury words, the meaning of which seems so obvious and self-evident that we seldom take a few moments to define the term consciously for ourselves. This is unfortunate because we cannot: (1) recognize which of our patients' expectations are authentically medical, (2) identify the appropriate role of physicians in an increasingly technological profession, and (3) understand the interrelationships of health, medicine, and the good life. Along with our patients, we share an amorphous idea of what it is to be healthy beyond simply being "well-functioning"[2]: a clear concept of health could add some form and substance to this vague awareness. Descriptions of health based on physiological measurements ignore the idea of health as a value. What they offer in precision, they lack in depth; for, surely, being healthy is much more than having an your organs quietly functioning within plus or minus two standard deviations of normal. Value-free descriptivist definitions of health cannot be more than a component of a comprehensive concept of health, for health is valued. Health is a value beyond formalizable knowledge. However, value-based definitions of health lack universality; they depend on the individual's (or a culture's) determination of what is to be valued. Descriptivist definitions ignore the subjective dimension, whereas normativist definitions exalt it. The World Health Organization defined health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."[3] This definition, if taken literally, is meaningless. However, we believe that all normativist definitions of health, including this hopelessly utopian WHO vision, derive from a common ground, a core meaning or experience of health that requires interpretation.[4] Health Any experienced clinician can recall a terminally ill patient who objectively seemed the same the day he died as the day before except for having (often quite explicitly) lost his will to live. Implicit in this will to live, and of special importance to the secular individual, is a sense of life being worth living despite all the suffering one may encounter in life and despite the awareness of the certainty of death and nothingness. How admirable! to see lightning and not think life is fleeting (Basho)[5] The healthy individual is well-functioning as a whole, in harmony physically and mentally with himself and with his surroundings. A clue to this wholeness characteristic of health can be found in words related to health. The question, ma shlomcha--how are you?--in Hebrew literally asks if you are whole, intact, complete, at peace. The Old English hal, the Old High German heil, and the Greek hygeia and euexia connect health and hygiene to fullness and to the good life. Other words, the Italian salute, the French sante, the Spanish salud, introduce another characteristic of health--salvation. To be healthy is to be `saved' from death. The Hebrew word for health uses the same root, bet, resh, aleph, as the word for create, the opposite of death. …


Background: COVID-19 has increased drastically all over the world and one of the major ways to reduce its prevalence is through COVID-19 vaccine. However, some individuals hesitate in accepting the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine which is a major cause of concern to the global health.
Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted on450 respondents were selected through networking system in Lagos state. The COVID-19 Hesitancy Questionnaire with reliability value of 0.67 was used as instrument for data collection. Data gathering was online through Google docs which was circulated via e-mail and WhatsApp platform to the participants. Data Analyzing was done via SPSS 20
Results: The study revealed that 92% were aware of the accessibility of vaccine for COVID-19. Totally, 81.11% had not received the vaccine and the reasons given include misconceptions on the effects of the COVID-19.
Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccine uptake is generally poor among the uneducated than the educated. Therefore, there is need for massive education on the importance of COVID-19 among the populace especially among the less educated.


The present invention relates to a novel reamer, comprising a belt and drill pipe, the drill pipe is supported by the cross bar is secured to the center of the belt, the outer walls of the inner wall of the drill rod is secured a plurality of belt root reaming rod, the belt reaming rod end surface of the outer wall of each alloy are uniformly distributed plurality of blocks, reaming drill rods are arranged symmetrically opposite, reaming drill rod with a hollow structure and are communicated with each other; and a plurality of crossbar comprising opposing drill rod symmetrically disposed central axis; reamer rod comprises an end L-shaped gusset structure and the apparatus enclosed in a triangle between the two hollow straight flow channel inside two straight strut swash plate, the swash plate and the support plate, with the hollow flow passage drill pipe communication; swash plate having a plurality of nozzle holes in communication with the hollow flow passage, uniformly distributed in the bulk alloy plate has strut end surface. Reaming is good effect of the present invention, the reaming drill rod and firmly connected with the high belt.


17 parous women aged 19-28 years received continuous microdoses (.5 and .25 mg) of oral megestrol acetate. Tests for cervical mucus effects of the drug were done during control and treated cycles. The drug decreased cervical secretion increased dry matter content and elasticity and increased potassium. pH and sodium concentration were not affected. Sperm penetration of the cervical mucus was reduced in treated cycles.


In analog amplifiers of weak signals, the question arises of finding the optimal signal/noise ratio based on noise characteristics for further discretization of the signal by digital methods. Using computer simulations is not a solution to this problem. Because the developers of electronics simulators do not reveal the progress of calculations as usual, or provide the opportunity to independently enter formulas for calculation with the unpredictable probability of forecasting results.In current work, a method for calculating and optimizing the noise level has been developed. It is proposed to be used for debugging circuits based on operational amplifiers, which will save time and money during further testing and optimization of the circuit before its manufacture. And the developers in the datasheet specify the noise parameters without taking into account all the cascade (with open feedback loop, etc.). That is why, a method is needed that takes into account the noise parameters of the switching circuit. The key parameters of the cascades, which have an impact on the reliability of sampling, are among other types: inherent noises of operational amplifiers and thermal noises of the elements of the switching circuit, which are optimized by reduction to a single basis and checked for compliance with the research objectives. In addition, the sequence of actions that establishes the accuracy of discretization of the system with the influence of noise voltage is described.As a result, the solution of the noise level minimization problem by simplified computer calculation is accelerated. Signal-to-noise ratio optimization achieved by non-linear programming method.The proposed method can be used both for analysis discrete and integrated circuits. The results of the work have been used for optimization of the existing analog scheme of the small-caliber spectrometer MiRA_ep that is planning to be launched into low near-Earth orbit to study the nature of the high-energy electron and proton microbursts.


The present invention can improve the quality of video image while maintaining a fixed bitrate by discrete cosine transforming a pixel value of a current frame received from a video signal; calculating complexity of the current frame based on AC component of the transformation coefficients of the current frame according to the discrete cosine transformation; and controlling the bitrate of a video image by obtaining a quantization parameter of the current frame by using the complexity of the current frame.


World Psychiatry 21:1 February 2022 the beginning. The participants were motivated as they had already indicated which topics they were interested in. The trainer also stressed that it was important that he could access support at any time directly from the organizers in Mexico. At the start of the training sessions, the participants and the trainer agreed that they would keep the content of the meetings confidential, in order to give everyone the freedom to communicate freely, especially in case somebody wanted to speak about patient matters. Notwithstanding the great physical distance between Mexico and the Nether lands, there was a sense of closeness, simi larity of experiences, and friendliness. Al t hough the sessions were not videotaped, from anonymous evaluation after the pilot project it emerged that participants would agree that the online training be recorded in the future, so that other people who do not participate in the course can benefit from the recording. The WPA Continuing Professional Development (CPD) certificate was offered to the attendees, all of whom completed each module of the course. A second larger pilot exercise focused on child and adolescent mental health is now planned in Pakistan. The WPA Workgroup on Volunteering welcomes proposals from Member Societies for further train ing projects.


This article attempts to observe the existence of certain similarities between trust that can be established between individuals and their local political institution, with habitual ways of relating that adjoin political clientelism. Certain similarities that point to question whether clientelism can be accommodated as a way to build relationships, create links and bring the individual to the political institution. The local political institution will be studied, and observe how relations have been built in two districts of the same geographical area, through qualitative and quantitative tools. It will be noted that the usual way of relating learned still present and mobilizes the ways of acting individuals; therefore links with clientelistic characteristics are plausible to generate trust relationships.


A high efficiency dual band 50W GaN HEMT power amplifier is presented at 1.8 GHz and 2.6 GHz. An impedance matching network of the dual band amplifier at the fundamental and second harmonic frequencies is constructed to obtain wide bandwidth characteristics with reduction of sensitivity to impedance variation with frequency fluctuations. The matching network is composed of a three‐stage transmission line and an open‐ended stub with low Q‐factors. A T‐type DC bias line is performed to control impedances at second harmonic frequencies. From the measured results, the proposed dual band GaN HEMT amplifier achieved a minimum of 55% efficiency at 1.8 GHz and 2.6 GHz with a 300 MHz bandwidth for a maximum output power of 47 dBm. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2496–2500, 2016


Many cell surface proteins are attached to membranes via covalent glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors that are posttranslationally linked to the carboxy‐terminus of the protein. Removal of the GPI lipid moieties by enzymes such as GPI‐specific phospholipases or by chemical treatments generates a soluble form of the protein that no longer associates with lipid bilayers. We have found that the removal of lipid moieties from the anchor can also have a second, unexpected effect on the antigenicity of a variety of GPI‐anchored surface molecules, suggesting that they undergo major conformational changes. Several antibodies raised against GPI‐anchored proteins from protozoa and mammalian cells were no longer capable of binding the corresponding antigens once the lipid moieties had been removed. Conversely, antibodies raised against soluble (delipidated) forms reacted poorly with intact GPI‐anchored proteins, but showed enhanced binding after treatment with phospholipases. In the light of these findings, we have reevaluated a number of publications on GPI‐anchored proteins. Many of the results are best explained by lipid‐dependent changes in antigenicity, indicating this might be a widespread phenomenon. Since many pathogen surface proteins are GPI‐anchored, researchers should be aware that the presence or absence of the GPI lipid moieties may have a major impact on the host immune response to infection or vaccination.—Bütikofer, P., Malherbe, T., Boschung, M., Roditi, I. GPI‐anchored proteins: now you see 'em, now you don't. FASEB J. 15, 545–548 (2001)


A system for recognizing steganographic-transformed voice commands for controlling an unmanned aerial vehicle based on cepstral analysis has been developed, which allows efficient recognition and covert transmission of commands to an unmanned aerial vehicle by converting voice control commands into a kind of steganographic feature vector, which implies hiding voice control information unmanned aerial vehicle.