From numbers, from numbers as we expect them, from expectancy, life expectancy, we could do better or worse. We could be numberless, formless. Departure from claims and taxes. Departure from the dateline, from confirmation codes, from traffic patterns which claim our bodies. Departure from the tower. Never blown up. Departure from maintenance of failing systems, maimed weather, chronic symptoms and symptomatic forgetfulness.


The crystal and molecular structure of 6-(p-iodobenzenesulfonyl)-3-oxa-6-azabicyclo-[3.1.0]hexane has been determined by a three-dimensional single-crystal x-ray diffraction study. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with cell dimensions, a = 19.76, b = 8.17, c = 15.72 ± 0.003 A and β = 109.3° ± 0.2°. The aziridine ring is fused cis to the oxa-cyclopentane ring with fusion angles of 112°. The bicyclic system is in the boat conformation with the p-iodobenzenesulfonate group at an angle of 98.0° to it. The conformation of the ring system is discussed. A final value of R = 0.099 was obtained for the 1107 independent reflections.


interspecific kleptoparasitism, or the stealing of food from other species, is fairly widespread among birds, most frequently reported for seabirds, especially among the Charadriiformes (Brockman and Barnard 1979, Furness 1987, iyengar 2008). Though most kleptoparasitic species engage in this behavior facultatively, some (especially within the Charadriiformes) may be obligate kleptoparasites during a particular season and potentially throughout the year (iyengar 2008). Within the family Pelecanidae it has been infrequently reported in the literature. The ecology and behavior of seabirds meet many of the ecological factors proposed for the evolution of kleptoparasitism, including open habitat, feeding in mixed-species groups, scavenging, and the host's habits being predictable (Brockman and Barnard 1979, Paulson 1985, iyengar 2008). Though kleptoparasitism often involves a larger species stealing food from a smaller species, the Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) is perhaps better known as the victim of kleptoparasitism by smaller gulls than vice versa, with several species of gulls and terns reported to steal from it (Shields 2014). The Brown Pelican was the first species of pelican reported to kleptoparasitize (Sefton 1950, Brockmann and Barnard 1979), and this behavior has since been reported in the americas by the closely related Peruvian Pelican (P. thagus) (Duffy 1980) and the american White Pelican (P. erythrorhynchos) (O'malley and evans 1983, anderson 1991). reports of kleptoparasitic attacks by the Brown Pelican have appeared to be isolated incidents. in the Peruvian Pelican, however, Duffy (1983) reported that 18% of attempts to obtain prey involved piracy. most reported kleptoparasitic attacks by the Brown Pelican and closely related Peruvian Pelican have been in mixed feeding flocks where the pelican is sitting on the water and grabs with its bill or otherwise attacks a nearby species, getting it to drop its food (Sefton 1950, Duffy 1980, lanciani 2000). This is especially common in situations where the birds are feeding on offal being thrown by people, though it occurs regularly in "wild" situations as well (D. anderson pers. comm.). The Brown Pelican's target species have included the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) and unidentified gulls (Larus spp.), as well as other Brown Pelicans (D. anderson pers. comm.). Brown Pelicans have also been observed landing on Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) in order to get them to drop food (Bildstein 1980). O'malley and evans (1983) observed aerial chases by american White Pelicans in pursuit of food, but i am aware of no such observations involving the Brown Pelican. at ~16:30 on 19 October 2013, during an organized whale watch out of long Beach, California, in the vicinity of Platform ellen (Orange County), i noted a subadult (second-cycle) Western Gull (L. occidentalis) chasing an adult Western Gull, followed by two adult Brown Pelicans. The four birds were first seen flying parallel to the boat, about a kilometer away and only a few meters above the water. The second-cycle Western Gull was close behind the adult Western Gull with the two pelicans following about three meters behind the gulls. The adult gull banked up at roughly a 45° angle to a height of about 5 meters above the water before gliding back down in an attempt to escape. The second-cycle gull followed closely, and the pelicans also followed, banking up behind the gulls. The lead gull reversed course and quickly made a sharp ascent; through labored flight the pelicans were able to follow. While the second-cycle gull was able to stay on the tail of the lead gull, the pelicans fell back to about 10 meters behind both gulls. However, when the lead gull reversed course again, flying low over the water, both pelicans were able to shorten the gap and eventually overtake the second-cycle gull, placing nOTeS


The first Canadian case of West Nile virus (WNV) in a human was diagnosed in Southern Ontario in the summer of 2002. WNV was first reported in New York state in 1999, with additional cases reported in 2000 and 2001, encompassing large areas of the northeastern part of the US. Public health surveillance identified the first positive case in a bird in Canada in August 2001 in Southern Ontario. As of October 2002, birds testing positive for WNV had been identified in all provinces except British Columbia. There have been 66 confirmed human cases of WNV in Canada, with an additional 62 probable cases. Clinicians need to be aware of the existence of WNV and be familiar with its presentation, as part of the differential diagnosis of febrile illness during the summer months. This index case illustrates the difficulty in making the diagnosis, particularly when there are distracting elements.


Beyond the individual independent unmanned autonomous vehicle (UAV), cooperative control of multiple UAVs has started to receive significant attention from industry, academia and the military. For the sake of UAV cooperation, proper wireless communication is imperative, but incurs several problems. Among them, spatially secure group communication (SSGC), which must maximize spatial UAV group size while minimizing the communication boundary of the group, is a unique problem for multiple UAV control from a security perspective. In particular, the SSGC problem must be considered for military applications such as multiple unmanned aerial or ground vehicle control. In this paper, we investigate the SSGC problem. To provide a solution, an analytical framework is first presented to model the dynamics of multiple UAVs and SSGC. The theoretical analysis and simulation results regarding how communication affects group dynamics and spatial communication security are also discussed. Our contribution is to suggest a new way to view multiple UAV control with spatially secure communication, and to provide a distributed method to address the problem cooperatively.


Soluble manganese (II) and amorphous and crystalline manganese (IV) oxides were investigated as catalysts for the Fenton-like decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into oxidants and reductants. 1-Hexanol was used as a hydroxyl radical probe and carbon tetrachloride (CT) was used as a reductant probe. Soluble manganese (II)-catalyzed reactions at acidic pH resulted in >99% degradation of 1-hexanol and no measurable transformation of CT, indicating that hydroxyl radicals were generated but reductants were not. However, when these reactions were conducted at near-neutral pH, an amorphous manganese oxide precipitate formed and 89% of the CT degraded in 60 min , while 1-hexanol degradation was negligible. Using an amorphous manganese oxide synthesized in a separate reactor, CT was rapidly degraded while 1-hexanol oxidation was undetectable. Reactions catalyzed by the crystalline manganese oxide pyrolusite (β-Mn O2 ) at near-neutral pH also resulted in significant CT degradation, indicating that reductants are gen...


The present invention relates to a compressor or pump unit for the production or flow of compressed fluid and more particularly to a new uniquely designed compressor which has the capabilities to both draw fluid from an intake opening and direct dischargeable compressed fluid to a storage tank utilising a single compressor chamber simultaneously.


Leptospirosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease which is neglected and very widely prevalent in India causing a major public health problem. The present leptospiral research is focused on Leptospira autumnalis protein damage due to Phyllanthus amarus and Eclipta alba. SDS – PAGE study on Leptospira autumnalis protein damage by both extract treated sample damaged 65 kDa region, a major outer protein (Sphingomyelinase). Interestingly Phyllanthus amarus treated leptospira protein additionally damaged 25 kDa region, inner membrane protein. Protein damage were reported at various levels in Phyllanthus amarus than Eclipta alba. Further in-depth analysis of phytochemical plant compounds against the leptospiral proteins will reduce the side effects produced by synthetic drugs.


The COVID-19 pandemic is having a massive impact on and may fundamentally change the pathways and trajectories of sustainable energy development. This article examines the impact of COVID-19 on Asia's sustainable energy development and proposes agendas for future energy research in response to the pandemic. The review and research agendas are oriented towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. The following three key questions need to be addressed by researchers: (1) In what ways does COVID-19 make sustainable energy development more important than ever? (2) What are the shortand long-term effects of COVID-19 on sustainable energy development? (3) How can responses to COVID-19 meet the objectives of sustainable energy development?


A digital PLL (DPLL) for using the class I partial response (PR1) channel was developed as part of a PR1-channel decoder LSI for a digital data storage 111 system. As a channel clock generator of this DPLL, a ring oscillator whose period can he controlled by changing its invertcr number was employed. An analog-to-digital converter for sampling the readback signal was placed in the main loop of the DPLL and was driven by the reconstructed channel clock, so no master clock is needed. Thk DPLL can generate a channel clock of 50MHz.


The language-related public opinion carries with itself many complicated factors besides its language factor such as the backgrounds and the complicated political,cultural,economic and psychological relationships.This year,the language-related public opinion has some new characteristics and orientations.This research analyzes these characteristics in terms of the content,scope,frequency,disputes and transmission channels as well as their backgrounds and possible trend.


• The fact that there are, in one and the same individual of the Viviparus, two kinds of spermatozoa—the one a normal flagellate type having head and tail distinct, the other an abnormal worm-shaped type having a small quantity of chromatic substance in its head—has been known since the time of Si e bold (1836). They are called typical and atypical spermatozoa respectively by Kuschak ew its c h (1911). I shall now describe how we can distinguish small and large types in this atypical group. I shall call them microand macro-atypical spermatozoa provisionally.


The main causes of consumer information services poor condition are considered, as concerns satellite positioning. To meet the demands of as many customers as possible, including organizations using satellite technologies in their work, it is offered to establish a net of regional centres for collecting, saving and providing satellite positioning data to the customers all over the Russian territory. The type and information structure of the satellite measurements data bank are discussed. The necessity is proved for all the organizations in need of information services (satellite positioning) to cooperate and develop the integrated information strategy, tooling and data bank standards.


In this paper, we investigate the reliability of online recognition platforms, Amazon Rekognition and Microsoft Azure, with respect to changes in background, acquisition device, and object orientation. We focus on platforms that are commonly used by the public to better understand their real-world performances. To assess the variation in recognition performance, we perform a controlled experiment by changing the acquisition conditions one at a time. We use three smartphones, one DSLR, and one webcam to capture side views and overhead views of objects in a living room, an office, and photo studio setups. Moreover, we introduce a framework to estimate the recognition performance with respect to backgrounds and orientations. In this framework, we utilize both handcrafted features based on color, texture, and shape characteristics and data-driven features obtained from deep neural networks. Experimental results show that deep learning- based image representations can estimate the recognition performance variation with a Spearman's rank-order correlation of 0.94 under multifarious acquisition conditions.


The family Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) is a species‐rich group of aculeate wasps that occur worldwide. The higher‐level classification of the family has historically been controversial due, in part, to the extreme sexual dimorphism exhibited by these insects and their morphological similarity to other wasp taxa that also have apterous females. Modern hypotheses on the internal higher classification of Mutillidae have been exclusively based on morphology and, further, they include Myrmosinae as a mutillid subfamily. In contrast, several molecular‐based family‐level studies of Aculeata recovered Myrmosinae as a nonmutillid taxon. To test the validity of these morphology‐based classifications and the phylogenetic placement of the controversial taxon Myrmosinae, a phylogenomic study of Mutillidae was conducted using ultraconserved elements (UCEs). All currently recognized subfamilies and tribes of Mutillidae were represented in this study using 140 ingroup taxa. The maximum likelihood criterion (ML) and the maximum parsimony criterion (MP) were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships within the family and related taxa using an aligned data set of 238,764 characters; the topologies of these respective analyses were largely congruent. The modern higher classification of Mutillidae, based on morphology, is largely congruent with the phylogenomic results of this study at the subfamily level, whereas the tribal classification is poorly supported. The subfamily Myrmosinae was recovered as sister to Sapygidae in the ML analysis and sister to Sapygidae + Pompilidae in the MP analysis; it is consequently raised to the family level, Myrmosidae, stat.nov. The two constituent tribes of Myrmosidae are raised to the subfamily level, Kudakrumiinae, stat.nov., and Myrmosinae, stat.nov. All four recognized tribes of Mutillinae were found to be non‐monophyletic; three additional mutilline clades were recovered in addition to Ctenotillini, Mutillini, Smicromyrmini, and Trogaspidiini sensu stricto. Three new tribes are erected for members of these clades: Pristomutillini Waldren, trib.nov., Psammothermini Waldren, trib.nov., and Zeugomutillini Waldren, trib.nov. All three recognized tribes of Sphaeropthalminae were found to be non‐monophyletic; six additional sphaeropthalmine clades were recovered in addition to Dasymutillini, Pseudomethocini, and Sphaeropthalmini sensu stricto. The subtribe Ephutina of Mutillinae: Mutillini was found to be polyphyletic, with the Ephuta genus‐group recovered within Sphaeropthalminae and the Odontomutilla genus‐group recovered as sister to Myrmillinae + Mutillinae. Consequently, the subtribe Ephutina is transferred from Mutillinae: Mutillini and is raised to a tribe within Sphaeropthalminae, Ephutini, stat.nov. Further, the taxon Odontomutillinae, stat.nov., is raised from a synonym of Ephutina to the subfamily level. The sphaeropthalmine tribe Pseudomethocini was found to be polyphyletic, with the subtribe Euspinoliina recovered as a separate clade in Sphaeropthalminae; consequently, Euspinoliina is raised to a tribe, Euspinoliini, stat.nov., in Sphaeropthalminae. The dasylabrine tribe Apteromutillini was recovered within Dasylabrini and is proposed as a new synonym of Dasylabrinae. Finally, dating analyses were conducted to infer the ages of the Pompiloidea families (Mutillidae, Myrmosidae, Pompilidae, and Sapygidae) and the ages of the Mutillidae subfamilies and tribes.


Institutions of higher education are regarded as breeding grounds for innovation. Oftentimes, though, continuous innovation leaves little time for the innovation or technology to permeate through the institution. Furthermore, continuous research and development of new systems, services, and technologies without regard for implementation can cost the institution much in terms of frustration, effort, and money.
 Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations model holds that there is a normal curve of adopters of technologies that can be divided into five groups: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. Information technology units can benefit immensely by reviewing the diffusion of innovations model and adopting practices that contribute to the diffusion or permeation of an innovation through the university community, particularly the academic community. An extension of Rogers' model holds that an instructor must teach a course at least four times before a technology becomes permanently embedded in the curriculum. Therefore, a major variable affecting the adoption rate is time.
 Technology units can use certain techniques to hasten the adoption of technology. Those techniques include: focused faculty development workshops, brown bag luncheons, disseminating information to academic department heads and chairs, continuous and repeated communication using multiple formats, and, of course, offering incentives to faculty to use and adopt innovative technologies.


Nowadays, the practical teaching of higher vocational education is rather weak, thus it can't fulfill the great task of cultivating practical and skilled personnel. One of the possible ways to improve practical teaching of higher vocational education is to introduce the "action-oriented" idea and, to build the "action-oriented" practi- cal teaching system. Therefore, the vocational colleges should stress the leading role and the important position of practical teaching in the process of talent cultivation. With the cultivation of students' professional skills as the basic aim, it should reform the contents, methods and organizing forms of practical teaching, establishing the accessorial implementation system to ensure the quality of talent cultivation.


Abstract : Following a brief introduction into some recent results of psychophysical and neurophysiological studies of contour-perception, a new situational aftereffect, which shows binocular interaction, is reported. It is shown that alternating stimulation with two gratings, consisting of parallel black and white stripes, results after each stimulus in alternating afterimages, and that the latency of the first of these afterimages is a function of the orientation of the two gratings. After reporting some further new afterimage phenomena connected with this situational aftereffect, the findings are discussed in relation to some aspects of information-processing in the human visual system. (Author)


Chen Gang's Perceptual Dualism promotes the study of the mind-body problem and contains many new elements which are improvements over relevant previous theories.However,it takes mind as the subject of perception,therefore it invokes some new problems.For example,how does the mind do the internal perception in the brain,and how does brain give rise to mind The paper finally does a comparison between Chen Gang's Perceptual Dualism and Ervin Laszlo's Perceptual Dualism,and between emergentism and such dual aspect theories.


A male tussach moth oil is prepared from male tussach moth through removing wings, drying at 30-60 deg.C until its water content is 8-13%, pulverizing by 20-60 meshes, and supercritical CO2 extracting. Its advantages are rich active substances and no content of solvent.


The article is devoted to coverage of relevant aspects of pedagogical communication management. This management is aimed at the identification, neutralization and elimination of semantic barriers and improving the effectiveness of pedagogical interaction. The author considers the peculiarities of pedagogical dialogue from a position of communications theory, analyzes the background and causes of semantic misunderstanding situations. Such situations arise because of the use of words in a conversation, which have more than one value, the specifics of the formation and perception of message in the minds of teacher and student, language and cultural differencies of those who communicate. The article describes how to resolve the inadequate interpretations in the course of pedagogical dialogue. Communication is the most important professional tool of pedagogical activity. Communication affects the whole process of training and education as well as the goals and tasks of teaching and educational activities are implemented in the process of interaction of the teacher with students. Therefore, a teacher, as a rule, is not only the initiator of the pedagogical communication, as well as its organizer and conductor. Semantic barriers can significantly harm the effectiveness of the pedagogical process. Identifying and overcoming of these barriers is the primary task of the teacher. So, to overcome the semantic misunderstandings the teacher needs a complete picture of a particular student and use of this information in the future professional communication.


In order to advance the intended and progressing integration of European research in the field of aeronautics and space, DLR, the German Aerospace Center, and ON ERA, the French Aerospace Research Establishment, decided for a close partnership in rotorcraft related research. Consequently an "Agreement on a DLR-ONERA Partnership in Rotorcraft Research" was signed on 2 December 1998. The agreement is based on the already existing French-German co-operation and harmonization in the field of rotorcraft research and development, with the main objective of the common research activities to obtain the best efficiency at minimum cost by avoiding duplications but still allowing for a certain scientific competition. For this purpose a DLR-ONERA management organization was installed in order to co-ordinate, integrate, and market all rotorcraft related research activities of both establishments. Based on a common program in rotorcraft research, the execution of the work remains in the DLR institutes and the ONERA departments involving the appropriate experts and scientists in the corresponding disciplines. The DLR-ONERA Partnership in rotorcraft related research is considered to be an essential step to integrate the ONERA and DLR activities in aeronautics. Nevertheless, the agreement explicitly respects and promotes all existing and possible new co-operations with other partners. From a broader perspective, under the auspices of the association for European Research Establishments in Aeronautics (EREA), this DLR-ONERA Partnership can play a major role in the progressive integration of European aerospace research. The paper describes the institutional issues of the DLR-ONERA Partnership, and highlights the actual


While the development of advanced digital communication technologies may tie future workers more and more closely to their computers, these and other emerging technologies can also free future workers from being anchored to a specific physical location. High bandwidth wireless communications, ultraminiaturized computational devices with low energy demands and long battery life, and personalized interface technology will be integrated into low profile wearable computers that allow workers full mobility. When populated with personalized intelligent cognitive agents, the wearable system will also support lifelong learning needs and job performance support needs customized to the individual wearer.


MR. PRESIDENT, I am indeed grateful to you and to the President of the Royal College of Physicians and both your Councils, for the honour you have done me in appointing me to deliver the Tudor Edwards Memorial Lecture. I am especially pleased to have the opportunity to pay tribute to one to whom I owe so much, and with whom I worked so intimately and for so long, perhaps for a longer time than any other of his colleagues. Our association commenced when I became his house surgeon in 1921 and lasted until his death in 1946 at the comparatively early age of fiftyseven years. He died when at the height of his powers and at a time when he could have expected the rich rewards which inevitably would have crowned his labours.


Introduction. It has been known for some time that siderophile element abundances in the Earth's mantle are too high for metal to have been in equilibrium with silicate [e.g., 11, particularly if equilibrium was established at low pressures and temperatures near the surface of the accreting Earth. Although many hypotheses have been proposed to account for this apparent disequilibrium, none has been entirely satisfactory [2]. Murthy [3] proposed that the problem may be reconciled if metal-silicate equilibrium was established at high pressures and temperatures. We have performed experiments on the distribution of siderophile elements between liquid metal and liquid silicate at 100 kbars and 2000 OC. These experiments demonstrate that it is unlikely that siderophile element abundances were established by simple metal-silicate equilibrium at any combination of temperature and pressure, and that core formation in the Earth was probably a mixture of complex physical and chemical processes. Experimental Techniques. Experiments were conducted in the 1200 ton multianvil apparatus at the Bayerisches Geoinstitut. The sample was contained in either MgO or A1203 capsules which were surrounded by a MgO sleeve contained within a cylindrical LaCrOg heater with a geometry designed to minimize thermal gradients across the sample [4]. The sample assembly consisted of a MgO (+5 wt.% Cr203) octahedron with an edge length of 18 mm. Temperature was monitored with a 0.25 mm diameter W3%Re/W25%Re thermocouple in contact with the sample capsule. The starting material consisted of a synthetic basalt prepared by mixing together reagent grade oxides in the following proportions: 50 wt. % Si02, 19 wt. 96 FeO, 13 wt. % A1203, 11 wt. % CaO, and 7 wt. % MgO. This synthetic basalt was doped with 1.5 wt. % each of NiO and COO, or Mo@ and WO;?, or V2O3, Cr203, and MnO. These mixtures were melted and quenched to a glass and then ground back to a powder. This glass powder and Fe metal filings were mixed together in an approximately 50-50 ratio by mass. The samples were first brought to a pressure of 100 kbars, and then were heated to 1600 "C and held at that temperature for 45-60 minutes to sinter the capsule material in order to minimize its subsequent chemical interaction with the sample. The temperature was then raised to 2000 "C and held there for 3 minutes. At this temperature and pressure, both metal and silicate are liquids. The charges were quenched rapidly (to less than 300 "C in 1 second) by turning off the power to the LaCrOg furnace. Experimental results. The samples were analyzed with a Carneca SX50 electron microprobe. The initially homogeneously distributed metal filings had largely segregated into a single spheroid in the center of the charge. The silicate liquid did not quench to a glass but segregated into two phases with a dendritic texture. Thus to determine the composition of the silicate liquid prior to quenching the electron beam was rastered over an area approximately 20 ym on a side, and 30 to 40 analyses were taken and averaged together. For the metal a point beam was used. For major elements a beam current of 30 nanoamps and a counting time of 15 seconds were used. For the trace elements beam currents between 125 and 250 nanoamps and counting times of up to 10 minutes were used. The metal-silicate partition coefficients we determined for Ni, Co, Mo, W, Fe, V, Cr, and Mn are shown in Table 1 along with their one sigma uncertainties and an estimated oxygen fugacity relative to the iron-wiistite buffer. Molybdenum and W were both below analytic detection in the silicate glass, thus lower limits for their metausilicate partition coefficients are reported. Our results for Ni and Fe agree well with those of Walker et al. [5]. Discussion. In Figure 1, we compare our partition coefficients that were approximately 1.6 log units below the iron-wiistite buffer to 1260 "C, 1 bar data that were in a similar redox state. This Figure shows that the Ni and Co metal-silicate partition coefficients decrease with


The purpose of the present study is to introduce the sequence spaces. We investigate some topological properties of these spaces and also establish some inclusion relations between them. Furthermore, we compute αand β-duals of these spaces and characterize the classes of infinite matrices.


Introduction. Local self-government bodies are the closest to human form of public authority, which is responsible for ensuring that citizens exercise most of their constitutional rights and freedoms. It is clear that the effective implementation of such tasks requires an appropriate level of financial resources. Therefore, in the context of administrative reform and financial decentralization, the issue of tax adequacy of local self-government is becoming increasingly important. Tax sufficiency means the establishment of taxes and fees, taking into account the need to achieve a balance of budget expenditures with its revenues. At the same time, in the domestic scientific literature, the development of the tax system in the context of local government reform and strengthening the role of territorial communities in the accumulation of taxes and fees to local budgets is insufficiently studied. Given the vector of reforming the tax system and changing the basic guidelines of fiscal policy, the emphasis on the role of local governments in collecting taxes to the local budget and improving mechanisms for their collection is particularly important.
The purpose of the paper is to improve the theoretical and methodological principles and develop practical recommendations for the transformation of the tax system of Ukraine in terms of reforming local self-government.
Results. Given the systemic decentralization changes and sectoral reforms that are being implemented in Ukraine today, there is a need to study the development of the tax system in the current conditions. In particular, the reform of local self-government, as one of the most successful, was characterized by a significant impact on the tax system and requires a new approach to its development. Therefore, to understand the direction of development, an important task is to study the institutional support for the development of the tax system in the context of local government reform. The main source of budget revenues at various levels is the distribution of state taxes and fees and the consolidation of their specific types in the state and local budgets for a long time. This not only ensures the independence of budgets, but also enhances their role in public policy, enables local governments without the intervention of central government to form their own financial resources and make long-term forecasts of socio-economic development of local communities. Tax sufficiency is a state in which a sufficient amount of revenue for the budget from taxation is achieved, i.e. taxes must provide sufficient funds for the functioning of the economic system.
Conclusions. Assessing the revenues of territorial communities, it should be noted that local budget revenues form tax revenues, non-tax revenues and other revenues, while the gross share is tax revenues. Thus, having studied comprehensively the coefficients of assessment of tax sufficiency of budgets of territorial communities, it should be noted that four out of five indicators show positive dynamics, only the coefficient of tax accumulation decreases. Therefore, we can assume that the budgets of territorial communities of Lviv region are tax sufficient.


This paper examines the macroeconomic implications of symmetric and asymmetric oil price and oil revenue shocks in Nigeria, using the vector autoregressive (VAR) estimation technique. The paper finds that both positive and negative oil price shocks influence real government expenditure only in the long run rather than in the short run, while examining positive and negative shocks to external reserves revealed stronger implications for expenditure in the long run, with positive rather than negative oil price shocks having stronger short and long run effects on real GDP, and therefore triggering inflationary pressure and domestic currency depreciation as importation rises. This implies that the country exhibits the Dutch disease syndrome in the short and long run. However, results obtained show that oil revenue shocks are capable of impeding economic growth only in the long run while raising general price levels marginally in the short run after the initial shocks, with evidence of serious threat to interest rate and the domestic currency in the short and medium term, as the volume of imports increases significantly along with the external reserves. Findings on the asymmetric effects of oil revenue shocks revealed that positive shocks to oil revenue stimulate expansionary fiscal posture in the Nigerian economy in the short run in line with theory, thereby creating inflationary pressure and domestic currency depreciation. The combined implications of these discoveries suggest the need for proper coordination of fiscal and monetary policy for sustainable macroeconomic stability to be achieved.


Abstract : The Leadership Evaluation and Analysis Program (LEAP), a self-applied leadership/organizational development program, was evaluated for operational feasibility. Thirteen Marine Corps company level commands implemented the program to determine if command administered data were valid and interpretable by commanding officers, and if results warranted further application on a voluntary basis. The consensus of participant commanders was favorable, indicating that the LEAP is a viable and effective leadership aid. Several corollary benefits derived from LEAP data were discussed, and future program developments were outlined.


An ATR measurement system composed of hollow optical fibers, a trapezoid multi-reflection prism, and a couple of fixed-wavelength QCLs emitting different wavelengths is proposed for non-invasive measurement of blood glucose. To choose a wavelength combination that is appropriate for measurement of glucose absorption, firstly absorption spectra of human lip mucosa measured by using an FT-IR-based ATR system are investigated. As a result, two wavelengths, 1152 cm-1 that coincides with an absorption peak of glucose, and 1186 cm-1 where the glucose absorption becomes minimum are chosen. From numerical simulation using spectral absorptions measured by the FT-IR system, it is found that the differential absorption between the above wavelengths shows a good correlation to blood glucose levels. Finally in-vivo measurement using the ATR system equipped with two single-wavelength QCLs is performed and it is found that the measured optical absorption follows the blood glucose well.


The purpose of this paper is to derive the simplified elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubrication model of the double involute gear (DIG) and study the effect of the segmented tooth waist on the lubricating properties of DIG. Geometric analysis of the DIG gear was performed on the simplified EHD lubrication model based on the engagement theory, and then the line contact steady isothermal Reynolds' equation was established. Numerical analysis of EHD lubrication of the new gear drive was conducted by using the multi-grid method.


Abstract The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) provides new opportunities and great space for China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) cooperation, as evidenced in 2018 when it financed US$15.64 billion in 56 countries along this burgeoning economic path, targeting Europe, Africa, and Asia as its hot spots. However, most of the countries along the Belt and Road are low-growth, middle-income, and developing economies, and their infrastructure, export trade, and other factors play an important role in the security and efficiency of OFDI. Therefore, this research selects 60 countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa as the objects and uses the common boundary SBM model to calculate the investment efficiency of 7 indicators from 2013 to 2017. The results show a significant regional gap in the efficiency of China's total foreign investment. The efficiency scores of European countries are generally better than those of Asian and African countries, while the technology gaps of countries in Asia and Europe are higher than that in Africa. The efficiencies of three major indicators, FDI, infrastructure development indicator (IDI), and export trade (ET), exhibit four types of distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate and optimise the proper investment layout, enhance China's investment quality in countries along the Belt and Road, strengthen exchanges and cooperation between think tanks, and promote further construction of BRI.


Within the framework of this research, there has been developed a structural model of an industrial cyberphysical system architecture using cloud computing as a base platform has been developed. The proposed cyber-physical system integrates all elements in four levels of abstraction, based on a multi-agency approach. The proposed approach based on the Intelligent Data Analysis System of the Monitoring System allows searching and identifying vulnerable elements of the cyber-physical network infrastructure based on the cloud platform. The research has developed a model for securing the operation of network infrastructure facilities presented in the form of a measured multigraph, which forms a plan for collecting, analyzing and verifying data from the monitoring system to provide a consolidated assessment of the current state of the network elements. At the same time, the arameters for securing the infrastructure of the cyber-physical system and the cloud platform were selected as the top of the column. As arcs are given the relationships between the fixed dimensions of reliability, which reflect the relationship between the operation and the parameters of the connected nodes of the cyber-physical system, taking into account the current parameters of the column data streams. This allows us to identify system segments that will reduce the overhead needed to make changes. At the same time, the neural network approach is used to predict the continuous infrastructure of the cyber-physical system. The use of the proposed hybrid approach allowed us to predict the behavior of the infrastructure over time and to warn of possible failures in the operation of individual components and critical nodes.


1,170,989. Laminates and laminating. SCHENECTADY CHEMICALS Inc. 27 Oct., 1967 [27 Oct., 1966], No. 49038/67. Heading B5N. [Also in Divisions B7 and C3] Layers of synthetic rubber may be bonded together using as tackifier a thermoplastic resin prepared from an aldehyde and an aryl borate. Both rubber layers may be unvulcanized and contain a vulcanizing agent or one may be vulcanized as in retreading a tyre. In Example 1 the tackifier is contained in a cement also comprising a rubber formulation and a solvent. In Example 2 the tackifier is incorporated into the rubber layers. In both cases the rubber is vulcanized as the bond is made. Rubber formulation employed in the examples comprise either (A) an ethylene - propylene - cyclopentadiene rubber or (B) an ethylene - propylene - hexa - 1,4-diene compounded with carbon black, an aromatic oil, zinc oxide, stearic acid, mercaptobenzthiazole, tetramethylthiuram monosulphide and sulphur. Tackifiers used are derived from the borates of p-tert.-butylphenol, p-tert.- octylphenol, p-cresol, p-tert.-amylphenol, pdodecylphenol and/or styrylphenol and paraformaldehyde or benzaldehyde.


In addition to decreasing bone mass, vitamin D deficiency causes early aging of the remaining mineralized bone and leads to severe losses in fracture resistance. Vitamin D–Deficient Bone Showing Its Age Vitamin D, which is sometimes called the "sunshine vitamin" because humans can synthesize it in the presence of sunlight, has long been associated with prevention of bone disease. Vitamin D is required for proper absorption of calcium and its uptake into bone, and a lack of vitamin D is known to cause rickets and osteomalacia—diseases in which bone is too soft because of excessive collagenous matrix and its inadequate mineralization. Now, Busse and co-authors provide some evidence that the reverse is also partially true, and vitamin D deficiency can result in areas of overly dense mineralization in the bone. To study the effects of vitamin D deficiency, Busse and colleagues used samples of bone from 30 apparently healthy people. Half of these subjects were deficient in vitamin D, defined by low concentration of vitamin D in the blood and altered macroscopic characteristics of the bone. Through detailed analysis of bone structure and functional tests measuring the bones' resistance to cracking, the authors characterized the ways in which vitamin D–deficient bone differs from normal. As expected, they found that bones from vitamin D–deficient subjects had a much thicker layer of unmineralized osteoid coating the surface of mineralized bone. However, they also demonstrated that the bone underneath this osteoid layer was more heavily mineralized than normal and had structural characteristics of older and more brittle bone. They explained this phenomenon by noting that osteoclasts, cells that normally remodel the bone, cannot get through the thick osteoid layer. As a result, the areas of bone hidden underneath the osteoid continue to age and mineralize even as the overall bone mineral content progressively decreases. These interesting and unexpected findings about human bone emphasize the negative consequences of vitamin D deficiency, which is all too common, especially at northern latitudes. Additional work will be needed to translate this knowledge into clinical practice, but the detailed understanding of human bone structure may provide some insight into more effective ways to prevent or treat fractures in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread medical condition that plays a major role in human bone health. Fracture susceptibility in the context of low vitamin D has been primarily associated with defective mineralization of collagenous matrix (osteoid). However, bone's fracture resistance is due to toughening mechanisms at various hierarchical levels ranging from the nano- to the microstructure. Thus, we hypothesize that the increase in fracture risk with vitamin D deficiency may be triggered by numerous pathological changes and may not solely derive from the absence of mineralized bone. We found that the characteristic increase in osteoid-covered surfaces in vitamin D–deficient bone hampers remodeling of the remaining mineralized bone tissue. Using spatially resolved synchrotron bone mineral density distribution analyses and spectroscopic techniques, we observed that the bone tissue within the osteoid frame has a higher mineral content with mature collagen and mineral constituents, which are characteristic of aged tissue. In situ fracture mechanics measurements and synchrotron radiation micro–computed tomography of the crack path indicated that vitamin D deficiency increases both the initiation and propagation of cracks by 22 to 31%. Thus, vitamin D deficiency is not simply associated with diminished bone mass. Our analyses reveal the aged nature of the remaining mineralized bone and its greatly decreased fracture resistance. Through a combination of characterization techniques spanning multiple size scales, our study expands the current clinical understanding of the pathophysiology of vitamin D deficiency and helps explain why well-balanced vitamin D levels are essential to maintain bone's structural integrity.


Cardiac electrical waves are responsible for coordinating functionality in the heart muscle. When these waves are disrupted, it is referred to as a cardiac arrhythmia, which can be life threatening. Over the last two decades, experimental techniques to study electrical waves in the heart have been improved. Nevertheless, methods for observing electrical waves in the heart still do not provide enough data to draw conclusions about wave propagation. Observations about wave propagation can be made on the surface of the heart, but to collect data on the interior, the methods currently available either do not provide high enough spatial resolution or change the conduction properties of the region to be observed. The lack of depth information leaves us uncertain as to the precise mechanisms by which waves cause arrhythmias. Numerical models have been developed for these wave dynamics, but they are only approximations for qualitative behavior. For decades, the weather-forecasting community has faced similar problems with the approximate nature of numerical models and lack of available data, and tools known as data assimilation have been developed within that community to deal with this problem. We aim to apply these methods to cardiac wave propagation. By combining observations with numerical models through dataassimilation techniques from weather forecasting, we will attempt to constrain wave dynamics in the heart muscle interior. In this thesis, we present the first approach for coupling data-assimilation techniques with a cardiac cellular model. Using the Fenton-Karma (FK) model of cardiac cellular processes to represent wave dynamics and the Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter data-assimilation technique, synthetic observations have been integrated with the FK model. By analyzing the sensitivity of state-variable values in the FK model, we have developed initial conditions for data assimilation that are able to quantitatively approximate wave behavior in a 1-D setting. This work will provide a proof of concept and give insight into challenges in the 2and 3-D cases.


ABSTRACT Transparent Al2O3 is the most widely used transparent ceramic. The main factors affecting the transparency of Al2O3 are porosity and impurities. It was found that increasing the sintering temperature or extending the holding time can increase the grain size and reduce the porosity. Holding at 1800°C for more than 1 h is critical for grain growth and elimination of porosity. The increase in light transmittance mainly depends on the decrease in porosity, and the increase in grain size also helps. The increase in bending strength is inversely proportional to the increase in grain size. In a comprehensive comparison, the sample held at 1800°C for 2 h can achieve 87% light transmittance based on the bending strength of 322 MPa.


Several pellet-on disk and pad-on disk tribometer tests were conducted to study the lubrication characteristics of third-body particles of MoS2 powder. The tests consisted of simultaneous pellet-on disk and pad-on disk sliding contacts. Results from the tests show the self-repairing, self-replenishing, oil-free lubrication mechanism of MoS2 . A theoretical control-volume fractional coverage model was developed to predict (1) the friction coefficient at the pad/disk interface and (2) the wear factor for the lubricated pellet/disk sliding contact. The fractional coverage varies with time and quantifies the amount of third body film covering the disk asperities. Results from the model capture the tribological behavior of the experimental sliding contacts reasonably well.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Code of project : Uni-004/2556 Project name : The image of faculty of industry and technology in view of the labor market; A case study of entrepreneurs in Hua Hin district, Prachuapkhirikhan province. Researcher name: Wachara chintawan, ,Jantanee Jansawad The purpose of this research, the image of faculty of industry and technology in view of the labor market; A case study of entrepreneurs in Hua Hin district, Prachuapkhirikhan province, is to study the image of industry and technology faculty in view of the labor market in the fields of the lecturers' qualification, students' qualification, service to community and society, and perception behavior. The sample of this research consisted of 300 people which selected by simple random sampling technique. A tool used in this study is a questionnaire created by the researcher. The statistics used in this study are frequency, percentage, arithmetic means, standard deviation, and a correlation coefficient of Pearson. The findings revealed that: 1. The mean of the image of the industry and technology faculty in view of the labor market in Hua-Hin district is at the best level. 2. The relationship between factors that affect to the image of the industry and technology faculty found that the overall relationship has no statistically significant. Considering from each feature finds that in lecturer field, and service to the society and community field have the relationship statistically significant at the level of 0.05, in behaviors perception field the statistically significant at the level of 0.01, in the feature of graduate students has no statistically significant. Therefore, from the results find that the student field should be developed to the higher level and fulfill to the need of labor market which focus on efficiency and ready to work. E-mail Address : email@example.com , email@example.com Period of project : October 2012 – December 2013 ค


The present invention relates to novel oral compositions and vaccines, and in particular to oral vaccines for the prevention or therapy of candidiasis.


Accurate traffic information collection and identification is a basic work for the intelligent vehicle autonomous driving, is the important premise to decide whether it stable high-speed vehicles. Road recognition technology and digital image processing techniques play a very important role. On the one hand can really simulate human vision, on the other hand also can get large amount of information, in this paper the research content of intelligent transportation system, image acquisition device and digital image processing technology in the application of intelligent transportation system and so on has made the detailed analysis and research.


Technical communication is a specific and practical study,through which people learn how to communicate with others in a definite language background.It is also a process by which the communicator transfers and receives technical information based on an entire analysis of different language forms and different cultures.It is a knowledge system combining and integrating related subjects.


This paper considers the impact of Drama Intervention (DI) as a learning and development tool in employability and soft skills development programs. The paper begins with employability challenges and perspectives in the context of contemporary education needs of B. Pharma degree courses run by self-financed private educational institutes (SFPEIs), in learning employability skills. The core objective of the study is to make the students more employable through drama intervention in order to bridge the industry academia gap. Analysis and findings reveal that Drama Intervention has a significant effect on employability, enhancing it's core antecedent factors such as self-confidence, self-esteem, emotional intelligence and self-efficacy.


In this paper, we examine the effects of existing state-level child care regulations on the cost, or price, of non-parental child care, the demand for (non-parental) child care by parents, and the mother's decision to enter the labor force. We distinguish between the indirect effects of regulations on demand via their effect on the cost of such care facing parents as well and the direct (and non-price) effects regulations may have by imposing standards in the form of minimum levels of quality on available care facing parents. In our empirical analysis, we analyze the child care decisions of all parents with preschool age children, including households with working and non-working mothers, using child care data from the 1986 wave of the National Longitudinal Survey of the High School Class of 1972 (NLS72). We present estimates of the effects of two sets of regulations--namely, restrictions on child-to-staff ratios in day care centers and educational and/or training requirements of workers in either centers or home day care setting – as well as two types of child care subsidies – child care tax credit for working mothers and subsidies to providers – on the child care and maternal work decisions of households as well as on the hourly cost of child care. Our evidence indicates that state regulations both increase the cost of child care as well as have direct (non-price) effects on utilization but that their total effect tends to reduce the utilization of market-based child care, especially among households with non-working mothers. Since economically disadvantaged and black women are disproportionately represented in the latter group, it appears that one of the consequences of regulations are to defer the utilization of child care by households with children for whom the purported developmental benefits of organized day care might be most beneficial.


Abstract Background Over the last decade, and well-before the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of mental health problems has increased in many European countries, particularly in youth, raising public health concerns. Yet, there has been little focus on the mental health status of the working population, and it is unknown if the proportion of workers with impaired mental health is growing as well. In this paper, we report change in the prevalence of depressive disorder in a large nationwide sample of the Danish workforce (N = 76,802) from 2012 to 2018. Methods We used data from the Work Environment and Health in Denmark study, a bi-annual nationwide survey on working conditions and health. We measured depressive symptoms using the Major Depression Inventory and defined prevalence of depressive disorder by a score ≥21, in accordance with previous clinical validation studies. Using a log-binomial regression model, we estimated change in prevalence of depressive disorders from 2012 to 2018 with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results From 2012 to 2018, the prevalence of depressive disorder increased from 7.0% (95% CI: 6.7-7.4) to 9.4% (9.0-9.9) corresponding to an adjusted increase of 36.1% (27.4-45.4) over the 6-year period. We observed a statistically significant increase in the prevalence in every wave, from 2012 to 2014 (adjusted change in prevalence: 10.8%, 3.2-18.9), from 2014 to 2016 (8.6%, 1.3-16.4)), and from 2016 to 2018 (13.1%, 6.0-20.7)). The increase occurred in both sexes, all age groups and for all types of occupational status, but was more pronounced among women, younger workers and workers of low occupational status. Conclusions In a large nationwide sample of the Danish workforce, we observed an increasing prevalence of depressive disorder from 2012 to 2018. The results indicate that the general trend towards increased levels of mental health problems also encompasses the workforce and underlines the need for public health action. Key messages • The prevalence of depressive disorder in the Danish workforce increased considerably from 2012 to 2018. • The increase in prevalence of depressive disorder was observed in all groups, but was particularly pronounced for women, younger workers and basic-skilled workers.


Under the context of globalization and economic crisis in particular, the thrust of neo-liberal market reform has produced social inequity and labor polarization in Korea. In fact, the polarization between protected workers at large firm and unprotected workers at small firms and in the non-standard employment has been increased to a critical level, in terms of such indicators of working life as wages, infringe benefits, employment security, job training, and statutory protection. Over the last 10 years, labor union movement has launched socio-economic reform struggles to prevent the segmentation of working class, but without success. The labor unions' failure to promote social equity is chiefly attributed to enterprise unionism. The fragmented interest representation of enterprise unions has contributed to the growing polarization between organized labor of large firms and unorganized labor in the small-sized firms and non-standard employment and, therefore, led labor union movement to face the crisis of solidarity. In order to save labor union movement from the crisis of solidarity and protect social integration from market despotism, it is necessary to transform from the enterprise unionism to new unionism, which is built upon the principle of labor solidarity. This new unioinism can be fostered by union leaders' conscious effort to forge the unity of organized and unorganized workers, the restructuring of union organization and bargaining scheme, and the de-militancy of union activism.


This paper reports research undertaken to design and implement a B+-tree-based keyed sequential-access method (KSAM). KSAM provides primary and secondary access, which can be based on direct or sequential processing. Primary access to a data file requires three levels of indexes: super, master, and primary indexes. Secondary access requires an additional index level: secondary indexes. The superindex and master indexes are transparent to the user and are used solely by the system.
 The primary index is organized as a B+-tree containing proper linkages to the respective data files. In the implementation of secondary indexes a file is used to store accession lists of the secondary indexes, and each secondary index is in turn organized as a B+-tree containing proper linkages to accession list files. Thus, linkage from the B+-tree of a secondary index to the respective data files is provided via the accession list file. Finally, another file is used to represent all the B+-trees associated with a data file. Thus, three files suffice for the implementation of a KSAM data file and its associated indexes. The implementation schema organizes each of the three files as a direct-access file. Thus the high popularity of direct-access files makes the implementation possible in almost any programming language.


The purpose of this research is to identify an optimal methodology for determining whether a given brick dust will produce a pozzolanic reaction when combined with lime. This property will be referred to as pozzolanicity. The research required a review of the properties of pozzolanic materials, the nature of the pozzolanic reaction, and a review of existing methods for determining pozzolanicity. A testing program performed at the Architectural Conservation Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania was designed and executed to evaluate methods for testing pozzolanicity of brick dust to determine their efficacy. An evaluation of the tests was the final result of the research, along with recommendations for ways in which this immensely valuable resource can be tested and utilized economically and sustainably for conservation work in the future. Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Suggested Citation: Rogers, Sara B. (2011). Evaluation and Testing of Brick Dust as a Pozzolanic Additive to Lime Mortars for Architectural Conservation. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/162 EVALUATION AND TESTING OF BRICK DUST AS A POZZOLANIC ADDITIVE TO LIME MORTARS FOR ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION Sara B. Rogers A THESIS In Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania for Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION 2011 ________________________________ Advisor Frank G. Matero Associate Professor of Architecture ________________________________ Program Chair Randall F. Mason Associate Professor


A wind energy system connected to a series compensated line is studied. The series compensation enhances the power transfer capability but could lead to various forms of oscillations and probable instabilities. Computer simulation is used to show the dynamics of the system and establishes a safe operating region for the studied system. The qd per unit dynamic model of the system is developed while the turbine – generator sub – system is modeled also in per unit using the two mass mechanical model. Simulation studies and steady state analysis of the system are performed including the small signal eigenvalue analysis. It is shown that at high negative slip, the electromagnetic torque and hence the available power increases with increasing level of compensation. However, as the slip decreases to zero, the electromagnetic torque converges to a common value irrespective of the compensation level. For stable operation, increasing compensation level, required an increasing slip.


Introduction: Enchondroma is a common bone tumor; however, its location in the proximal epi-metaphyseal region of the tibia is a rare finding. Its management is complicated by the weight-bearing nature of the site and despite an array of available treatment modalities in the literature, there is no fixed consensus. Case Report: Through this case, we report a 60-year-old female who was evaluated for bilateral knee osteoarthritis. On plain radiography, a lytic lesion was noted which on CT guided biopsy was confirmed to be an enchondroma of the right proximal tibia. The patient underwent extensive curettage, allograft impaction, and supplementary fixation by a poly ethyl ether ketone plate. Following a period of immobilization, she was able to walk full weight-bearing after 3 weeks of the surgery and carry out her daily activities at 2 months. At 1 year postoperatively, the patient achieved excellent clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes without any complications. Conclusion: Management of an enchondroma in weight-bearing regions of long bones can pose multiple challenges. Timely diagnosis and management by thorough curettage, uncompromised allograft impaction, and supplementary fixation by a PEEK plate give excellent short-term and long-term results.


This paper explores language planning and policy in Botswana and discusses how they are used as tools of political and economic control. It also discusses the fact that English has been allocated the very important role of being the language of education and Setswana the role of national language while the other local languages in the country have no official roles at all. It further examines the case for mother tongue education in education in Africa in general and in Botswana in particular and argues that it should be implemented with great care so that it does not result in further marginalisation of African countries.


Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is commonly diagnosed at advanced stages with limited treatment options particularly in tumors without targetable driver mutations.
 Methods: Considering previously published criteria for selecting drug combinations for overcoming drug resistances1, we have established a low dose combination therapy with cabozantinib, afatinib, etoricoxib and plerixafor. Utilizing NSCLC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models we aimed to use this drug regimen to disrupt paracrine substitutional signaling within the tumorigenic network in order to circumvent pre-existing and adaptive drug resistances. In contrast to daily dosing for respective monotherapies the low dose treatment was paused every five days for two days.
 Result: All PDX tumors treated, including highly therapy-resistant adeno- and squamous cell carcinomas without identifiable driver mutations, were completely suppressed by this drug regimen leading to an Objective Response Rate of 81% and a Clinical Benefit Rate of 100%. After treatment discontinuation growth suppression remained until the end of the follow-up period with only slight increase in tumor growth. The application and the safety profile of this low dose therapy regimen was well manageable and without pronounced side effects in this pre-clinical setting.
 Discussion: For the first time we show that simultaneous inhibition of pathways forming the cellular tumorigenic network in NSCLC tumors is highly effective and overcomes drug resistances for monotherapies. All of the drugs used in this combination regimen are approved for different indications and therefore readily available. Conclusion: Our results emphatically encourage a setup for a clinical study in advanced stage NSCLC patients without targetable driver mutations combining the drugs cabozantinib, afatinib, plerixafor and etoricoxib in a low dose treatment regimen as novel therapy strategy.
 Indication of Source: 1. Langhammer S and Scheerer J. Oncotarget 8, 43555-43570 (2017).
 Citation Format: Dennis Gürgen, Theresia Conrad, Michael Becker, Susanne Sebens, Christoph Röcken, Jens Hoffmann, Stefan Langhammer. Breaking the crosstalk of the cellular tumorigenic network in NSCLC by a highly effective drug combination [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3095.


The weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus recognizes and communicates with members of its own species through its electric organ discharge (EOD). It has previously been shown in songbirds that regions in the forebrain are involved in habituation to novel intraspecific communication signals. Expression of the Egr-1 (early growth response-1) gene in these regions has been shown, via knockout experiments in mammals, to be essential for consolidation of long-term memories. A recent study has shown that expression of the Apteronotid homolog of the Egr-1 gene in dorsal forebrain regions of A. leptorhynchus is correlated with habituation to novel communication stimuli. Specifically, mRNA expression of this Egr-1 homolog increased most significantly in the dorsal magnocellular region of the telencephalon (DDmg) when the fish were exposed to novel communication signals.


process so that students actively develop their potential to have spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and the skills they need regarding the nation and state. The purpose of national education is to develop the potential of students to become human beings who believe in and fear God Almighty, have a noble character, are healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent, and become democratic and responsible citizens. The National Education Standards (SNP) consist of content standards, processes, educators and education personnel, graduate competencies, facilities and infrastructure, financing, management, and assessment. With the existence of these national standards, the direction of improving the quality of Indonesian education becomes more explicit, which states that the SNP's fulfillment is carried out to realize the implementation of quality education. Take part in contributing to financing education for the expected educational goals. The description presented is the use of education financing with rudimentary supervisory management techniques, and the obstacles faced by school principals in managing education financing are problems.


This study investigated the effect of situation model and textbase formation ability on expository text comprehension. The results showed that firstly situation model formation ability in low group impaired reading test score when cognitive loads were imposed on participants, and secondly textbase formation ability in low group impaired reading test score than in high group. These results suggest that it is important for expository text comprehension to form textbase. However, when cognitive loads are imposed, it is thought that situation model formation ability is also important for expository text comprehension.


This chapter represents a preliminary effort to understand the health implications of transnsational
economic integration (globalization) for population health in Canadian metropolitan areas, and to
inform the development of policy responses and strategies of resistance. Special emphasis is placed
on health equity as it is affected by social determinants of health. I first provide a stylized
description of the rationale for concentrating on major metropolitan areas, rather than on
Canadian society as a whole, with reference to the evidence base on place-related effects on health.
I then summarize the major channels of influence leading from globalization to social determinants
of health in metropolitan areas. These involve labour markets; the attractiveness of urban
'revitalization' schemes in a context of changing opportunities for capital accumulation and growth
promotion; and migration. The chapter concludes with some rather pessimistic observations about
the prospects for increased health equity, given today's neoliberal drift in public policy and
pressures for policy convergence around economic competitiveness.


: A‐gliadin residues 31–49 (peptide A) binds to HLA‐DQ2 and is toxic to coeliac small bowel. Analogues of this peptide, which bind to DQ2 molecules but are non‐toxic, may be a potential route to inducing tolerance to gliadin in patients with coeliac disease.


Abstract In this study, we present the youngest reported case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in the United States, which developed following perforated appendicitis with subsequent peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscess formation. Additionally, we discuss potential physiological factors contributing to her acute neurological deterioration and resultant cerebral vasogenic edema.


IV Regulation of the Calvin cycle in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Phaeodactylum tricornutum is an important model organism for diatoms, one of the prevalent phytoplankton on earth. Diatoms are unicellular, eukaryotic and photoautotrophic microalgae, which contribute greatly to the global carbon cycle efficiently transforming CO2 into carbon compounds via the Calvin cycle pathway. There is strong evidence that the regulation of the Calvin cycle in diatoms is different to what is known for higher plants and green algae and that especially blue light receptors of the aureochrome (AUREO) type may play an important role in the cellular responses for photosynthesis and carbon fixation. Thus, in this doctoral thesis the regulatory mechanisms involved in the Calvin cycle control were investigated and secondly the novel blue light receptors called aureochromes were characterised. To this end a comprehensive expression analysis of the putative pacemaker enzymes of the Calvin cycle, as deduced from the higher plant enzyme redox regulation, and plastidic thioredoxins was performed. The expression of these enzymes, namely the plastidic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP C1), the phosphoribulokinase (PRK), the Ribulose-1,5-bisposhphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) and the plastdic fructose-1,6bisphosphatases (FBP) was monitored at transcript and protein levels over time in two conditions, once a simulated day night cycle and once after transfer into complete darkness. This setup allows the differentiation between circadian and light dependent effects on the transcript levels. In the context of this expression analysis a set of endogenous reference genes for diatoms stably expressed independent of time and light was identified, namely the genes for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), ribosomal protein S1 (RPS) and TATA-box binding protein (TBP). The expression analysis revealed concerted expression patterns for most investigated Calvin cycle genes and thioredoxins respectively. While most transcriptional relative changes were weak to moderate, the genes for the GAP C1 and PRK were drastically regulated at the transcript level in P. tricornutum during the day. Interestingly both enzymes are usually posttranslationally co-regulated by redox interactions with the CP12 protein in the green lineage, a mechanism apparently missing in most diatoms due to missing genes for CP12. This could indicate that this missing redox regulation may be compensated in part by the strong transcriptional regulation of these genes. The analysis of the corresponding protein levels were in accordance to the transcript level expectations in case of PRK but different in case of GAP C1. The protein data on GAP C1 is inconsistent but it likely indicates a high protein level at all times and thus a light independent functionality for GAP C1. FBPs are the only known Calvin cycle enzyme to be putatively redox regulated in diatoms. In preparation for future research and analysis of this regulation an enzymatic assay for FBP activity was established and intein overexpression constructs for two FBP isoforms were generated. In this thesis first indications for an involvement of the blue light receptor aureochromes in the Calvin cycle regulation are described: the screening for homologous regions to the DNA recognition site described for AUREO1 of Vaucheria frigida revealed potential gene regulatory regions in the genes of GAP C1 and PRK. For the characterisation of AUREOs in P. tricornutum peptide antibodies against AUREO1a, 1b and 2 were designed and generated.


There is a fair amount of evidence that suggests that Internet access from wirelessly-connected mobile handheld devices is gaining popularity. However, there haven't been too many studies that have focused solely on analyzing the wireless Internet. In this paper, we study the notification and browse services provided by a large commercial web site designed specifically for users who access it via their cell-phones and PDAs. Unlike previous web studies that have analyzed browse services provided over wired networks, we focus primarily on browse and notification services provided over wireless channels. Specifically, we analyze the notification and browser traces to understand the system load, the type of content accessed, and user behavior. We discuss the implications of our findings for techniques such as multicast, query caching and optimization, and transport protocol design.


A novel light induced 8-endo sulfonyl cyclization to medium-sized benzo[b]azocines is developed. DFT calculations rationalize the rate-determining step and chemoselectivity observed in this transformation.


The public security personnel need a higher ability for the intelligence analysis due to application of big data policing. Combined with the application environment of big data policing, it analyzes the problems existing in the cultivation of students' information literacy in Police Colleges and universities, and expounds the application of big data thinking in the public security personnel intelligence judgment. It analyzes the development of the research paradigm of information processing in public security department, and established the model of intelligence judgment with big data thinking, which is on the basis of the existing intelligence analysis model. Finally, it shows how to implement the integration of large data thinking in intelligence analysis through a specific case analysis of criminal, and provides a practice teaching method for training intelligence quality of public security personnel in the information age. Keywordspolice intelligence analysis; big data thinking; intelligence quality training


Substrate Integrated Waveguides, an emerging technology for microwave and mm-wave circuits, are affected by three loss mechanisms: Ohmic and dielectric, as standard waveguides, and radiation. While for Ohmic and dielectric losses equations to determine the expected deterioration are available, for radiation loss no quantitative relationship was derived. This paper presents a semi-analytical approach to predict the attenuation constant due to radiation loss in Substrate Integrated Waveguides.


As the proportion of distributed generation grows in power system, microgrid becomes an important role in consumption. As the number of facilities in radiating distributed power grid is great, the application of traditional centralized control or decentralized control methods are difficult to solve problems such as high control pressure, weak connection between the microgrid and main grid, or single point failure. Aiming at low-voltage user-level microgrid, this paper proposes a P2P control structure based on MAS to realize distributed control and ensure that operation standards can be met in both grid-connected and off-grid operations of microgrids. Through such method, rapid response to changes, control pressure lowered and single point failure avoided could also be fulfilled. By building user-level microgrid system in PSCAD/EMTDC, the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed control method are verified.


Background: This study is the first large-scale medicinal plant survey in the herbal markets of seven Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study provides the first significant catalogue on medicinal plants trade, price patterns, routes and utilization. Methods: Based on semi structured questionnaires, interviews and group discussions with 210 informants (92.86% men and 7.14% women) and personal observations were conducted. Results: A total of 161 plant species and three species of fungi were documented. Among the plants with highest Use Value, Allium cepa were used as anthelmintic and carminative, Bergenia ciliata for bladder stones and Brassica campestris for dandruff and angina. The reported data were analyzed using various ethnobotanical indices such as Use Value (UV), Use Report (UR), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and Cultural Importance Values (CIV). The most cited used plant part was seeds (22.90%), followed by fruits (19.88%), leaves (15.67%) and root (10.24%). The UV ranged from 0.18 (Seriphidium kurramnse) to 0.86 (Allium cepa, Bergenia ciliata, Brassica campestris, Carum carvi, Coriandurm sativum and Plantago major). RFC ranged from 0.976 (Allium cepa, Piper nigrum and Punica granatum) to 0.076 (Nymphaea alba and Seriphidium kurramnse). The highest mean Cultural Importance (mCI) value was recorded for Allium cepa (0.842) and lowest for Ferula assa-foetida, Terminalia chebula and Croton tiglium having each (0.083). Conclusions: The current research confirmed that Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province is an interesting area for traditional plant use that should be studied in more detail.


This paper is to explain the recognition's lag of Japanese mother language and Korean mother language's unvoiced sound by the interview of Japanese...


The role of neuronal NO synthase (NOS1) in regulating sarcomeric reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak, which impairs Ca2+ cycling and contractile dysfunction of the heart, remains highly controversial. Leak is...


A population of Fab fragments was identified in the papain‐solubilized fraction of membranes of a rat chemically‐induced sarcoma, KMT 17. The Fab fragments were partially purified by gel filtration and column electrophoresis. A rabbit antiserum against the partially purified Fab fragments was raised and shown to be specific for Fab fragments by immunoelectrophoresis. Furthermore, four lines of evidence indicated that the KMT 17 Fab fragments carry a cross‐reactive idiotype: (1) the antiserum could bind only with a restricted population of normal Fab fragments having a pl of 6.3; (2) an unrelated antibody (WKA anti‐SRBC) showed a weak cross‐reactivity (less than 6%); (3) syngeneic antisera against the KMT 17 could bind with the 1251‐KMT 17 Fab preparation that was purified by an immunoabsorbent column with the rabbit anti‐KMT 17 Fab antiserum (anti‐idiotype antibody); (4) the rabbit anti‐KMT 17 Fab antiserum could bind with neither heavy nor light chains of WKA IgG. The natural antibody carrying the idiotype was found in normal serum and in various organs as well, especially in the lung of the conventional rats. In addition, the fractions containing Fab fragments (Frll) were shown to enhance tumor growth when injected into syngeneic animals, whereas Fab‐free fractions that were separated from the Fab fragments by column electrophoresis showed no enhancing activity. These results strongly suggested that a population of Fab fragments carrying a cross‐reactive idiotype was responsible for the enhancement of tumor growth. Mechanisms for the biological function of natural anti‐tumor antibodies carrying a cross‐reactive idiotype are discussed.


This is the sixth edition of the series 'Entrepreneurship in the Netherlands'. The series started in 1997 and is a joint publication of the Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs and EIM Business and Policy Research. This 2003 edition deals with knowledge transfer from universities and other knowledge institutes to innovative start-ups. In addition to experts from EIM and the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Professor Alan Hughes, director of the Centre of Business Research (CBR) based at the University of Cambridge, gives his opinion on the Dutch entrepreneurial situation and the policy developed.


In the engineering application, we put forward higher request to the device in the clock accuracy and stability. In this paper, we can modify GPS second pulse online which based on the GPS timing and combine high precision crystal in order to reduce its random error. And on this basis, we put forward a method of dynamic compensation to do the real-time numerical compensation in the apparatus. It can be used as accurate information for the device using nanosecond, not only has high precision, but also simple to implement, and has higher application value in engineering.


We observed the microbubbles of order of 10 µm in radius that were trapped using a laser trapping technique. Merger of trapped microbubbles was also observed with a high-speed camera. We investigated the influence of gas diffusion on the stability of trapped or merged microbubbles. It was shown that the bubble larger than the critical radius, which was about 11 µm in the present experiments, grew and that smaller than the critical radius shrank. We compared the experimental data with analytical solutions by taking the influence of the variation of surface tension and the resistance of a palmitic layer around the bubble on the gas diffusion into account. The permeation resistance of the layer reduced the gas diffusion significantly and stabilized the microbubbles. The dissolution behavior of microbubbles simulated with consideration of the permeation resistance was quantitatively in good agreement with the experimental result.


The relation between language and power has recently undergone extensive debate, but few studies have investigated the political use of language. The books reviewed here provide a more focused analysis of the relations of language and politics. Corcoran combines an historical study of rhetoric with the more recent linguistic approaches of McLuhan, Cherry, and Steiner and argues that rhetoric, as an instrument of the oral conveyance of politically relevant information, has been gradually surpassed by literate communication and outstripped by the electronic media. Burton and Carlen, on the other hand, concentrate on the politically motivated use of language in official seeking to legitimate contested administrative practices.


In the present study, Sporotrichum thermophile ATCC 42464 was used for serine protease production using solid substrate fermentation (SSF). Wheat bran (12.5 g) was employed as the carbon source. Cultural conditions such as moisture content (MSS-12.5 ml), pH (5) and time of incubation (48 h) were optimized. The enzyme activity decreased in the presence of inhibitors (urea, SDS) and chelators (EDTA) while presence of metal ions especially Mg2+ caused an increase in the activity of serine protease. The maximal enzyme activity of 18.84 U/g was observed under the conditions optimized.


Surface tracking is one of the severe degradation mechanisms observed on polymeric insulators. There are too many factors associated with the degradation process, hence it is not easy to make an estimate about the useful service life of an insulator. However it is possible to reduce the variability observed in the tracking initiation times and tracking patterns by testing the samples in laboratory under predefined conditions (4 kV applied voltage and 36 ml/h flow rate of liquid). In this study, by using the ASTM D 2303 Inclined Plane Tracking Test method the effects of longitudinal compressive and tensile stress, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and wind pressure from different positions with respect to the surface of the sample under test have been investigated in detail. All samples have been prepared by using polyester resin without any accelerator. In all cases tracking initiation times were reduced significantly depending on the external conditions. UV radiation and wind pressure caused bushy type carbonised tracking patterns with wide branches around the high voltage electrode.


The importance of assessing the water quality in different ecosystems is increasing with the continuous development of human activities, especially with water pollution. This article presents the PIMEO AI project that has the purpose of monitoring water quality in highly sensitive and fragile ecosystems. The article also presents a state of the art about how to model data when discussing about water quality management and modelling. Furthermore, we present the required functionalities of the platform that needs to be developed in the PIMEO AI project, some data validation and preprocessing methodologies that we propose for the project and the use cases that we consider within the project.


Nuclear medicine would be greatly aided if compounds were available to promote the excretion of unwanted radioisotopes from biological systems. Such preparations would make possible greater use of long-lived radionuclides in medicine and would reduce some of the environmental hazards associated with nuclear energy. The biochemistry of radioisotope excretion is complicated because there are so many radioelements and each has its own metabolic pathway. Since study of the compounds that do promote the excretion of a few specific radio nucides has provided much information about body pools and spaces, further developments will increase the scope of nuclear medicine. Considerable progress has been made in relatively few years in developing compounds to protect against the radioisotopes present in fallout or formed dur ing nuclear accidents (1,2). Isotope dilution with stable iodine seems to be a very satisfactory protection against iodine-131. Effective chelators have been de veloped for the removal of plutonium-239 and zinc-65. Norwood (1) has shown


Aging-related diseases are increasing significantly and are a concern in public and individual health. Dementias are part of this group and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1906, accounts for over 60% of clinical diagnoses of dementia worldwide. The characterization of dementia underwent changes during the evolution of medicine and is currently described as progressive impairment of intellectual faculties that interfere in the routine. It is believed that AD has a prodrome called mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which would be an important target for early diagnosis, improving management, quality of life and prognosis. Because large impact of AD in individual life, family and high costs for public health, researchers discuss the use of biomarkers to optimize the diagnosis of this disease. Trials with specificity between 80-95% indicate promising results of biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau total and phosphorylated and peptide Aβ42 for diagnosis of AD and possible evolution of CCL to severe AD, especially when this biomarkers are dosed in combination. However, the use of this diagnostic approach is not yet a reality in clinical practice.


The design of an electron gun which operates on ultrafast timescales is presented. The discussion begins with the consideration of several fundamental issues in reflection high energy electron difiaction theory. In addition, a number of concepts fioois %e fieeelectron theory of metals are developed in order to construct a model for electron emission from metal surfaces. Having established a theoretical framework and experimental apparatus requirements, a design for a photoactivated electron gun which attempts to satisfy these conditions is presented. The development process is outlined in detail, and the calculations which establish the gun's physical parameters are presented. Several electron optical parameters of the system are computed in order to evaluate its performance. The appendix contains the complete code for all numerical work.


Researchers report a yolk–shell carbon nanospheres (YSCNs) with a microporous shell, a mesoporous core, and a large void between them. In comparison with their hollow spheres counterparts, the yolk–shell structures feature in high sulfur storage in small molecule allotropes status in both yolk and shell to effective blockage of soluble LiPSs. The researchers use these YSCNs to host sulfur to prepare sulfur impregnated yolk–shell carbon nanosphere (S-YSCNs) S-YSCNs) and test their Li–S battery performance.


The invention discloses a cement foamed thermal-insulation board which is composed the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-100 parts of ordinary Portland cement, 70-80 parts of fly ash, 10-20 parts of nano bentonite, 3-5 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 5-7 parts of emulsified paraffin, 6-8 parts of styrene-acrylic emulsion, 2-3 parts of benzenesulfonic acid, 1-2 parts of aluminum oxide, 6-8 parts of polyethyleneglycol 1000, 2-3 parts of polypropylene fiber, 2-3 parts of fatty alcohol polyethenoxy ether sodium sulfate, 1-2 parts of used oil 4-5 parts of butyl acrylate, 0.2-0.3 part of Tween-60, 2-3 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 1-2 parts of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, 0.3-0.4 part of dimethyl silicon oil, 0.1-0.3 part of sodium persulfate and right amount of water. The thermal-insulation board disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of light weight, heat insulation, thermal insulation, water resistance and the like, is suitable for thermal insulation of a building outer wall, and is a thermal-insulation material having wide application prospects; and the slurry which is previously obtained by the technique enhances the adhesiveness and compatibility among the materials, and further enhances the resilience and compression strength of the formed board.


Indigenous peoples and local communities have environmental knowledge systems that are fed by different sources of information stemming from their communities' often long histories of place-based living. Such information allows them to monitor environmental status and steward territories and resources (Brondízio et al. 2021). The rapid spread of mobile devices and digital platforms has accelerated the possibility of applying such knowledge to scientific monitoring (Starkweather et al. 2021), particularly in remote areas difficult and expensive to access for scientists (Johnson et al. 2021). Therefore, community-based monitoring is increasingly proposed as a way to further scientific understanding of biodiversity status and trends, land-use changes, habitat loss, local uses of plants and animals, drivers of environmental change, and the presence of pollution or invasive species, among other processes (Danielsen et al. 2021). A recent special section of BioScience highlights that communitybased environmental monitoring not only delivers credible and legitimate knowledge in use but also informs local decision-making and empowers Indigenous peoples and other rights holders in environmental governance (Bonney 2021, Tengö et al. 2021). However, articles in the special section and previous research on the topic also note that community-based environmental monitoring projects, when they are externally led, can come with their own challenges and impacts, from relegating local actors to data collectors (Turreira-García et al. 2018) to increasing inequities by engaging only with a local elite (Eicken et al. 2021). In this Viewpoint, we discuss an additional challenge: adhering to data sovereignty principles. In recognition of the historical and ongoing misappropriation of Indigenous knowledge systems and acknowledging Indigenous peoples' unique rights over their knowledge (article 31 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples), we focus on projects drawing from or informed by Indigenous knowledge. However, our argument also applies to other community-based environmental monitoring projects, particularly those involving local communities with long-term cultural connections with their lands and waters.


Tissues of frost ribs in apple and mountain ash, grown in the greenhouse or occurring in the field, were examined to determine the chimeral effect of frost damage. Somatic changes included cells with papillae, heteroplastic tissues, cell aggregates with primary and secondary development, incomplete cell plates, and variety in the number and position of perforations in vessel elements. The rays of the phloem unify readily by cell proliferation to form an overlay composed of corky tissues and sclereid-like cells which are transitory in most frost cankers and some grafts. Grafts may be incompatible if chimeral cambium produces heteroploid cell derivatives which proliferate corky tissues and fewer and smaller vascular elements.


The purpose of this study was to determine the muscle activity during cutting in female basketball player. Eight female basketball players participated in this study. Each subject was instructed to do two steps of approach run, and change direction to the right laterally. Cutting motion is divided two into a phase: knee joint flexion phase and extension phase. Bipolar surface EMG electrodes, spaced 30 mm apart and oriented parallel to the muscle fascicles were secured over the muscle bellies of the Vastus Medialis (VM), Vastus Lateralis (VL), Biceps Femoris (BF), and Semimembrasosus (SM) musculature. EMG recordings were employed to measure the ratio of activation between the medial-to-lateral Hamstring and Quadriceps, and Hamstring and Quadriceps. All the subject had 10-15 degrees knee angle during cutting. In flexion phase, Quadriceps acted more significantly than Hamstring (p<0.05). Moreover, VM activity acted larger than VL, and BF activity acted larger than SM in each phases (p<0.05) All the subject reveal a similar pattern: Quadriceps act largely in flexion phase, which may increase anterior tibial shear forces, strain on the anterior cruciate ligament. Moreover, medial muscle activity acted larger than lateral muscle in Quadriceps, and lateral muscle activity acted larger than medial muscle in Hamstring in each phase. All the subject had 10-15 degree knee angle during cutting, therefore, a variation in lateral and medial muscle may trigger knee valgus. Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med, 61(4): 443-446 (2012)


Objective:To discuss the relationship between chlamydia trachomatis infection in female genital tract and threatened abortion and summarize the clinical features.Methods:The cervical secretions of sixty pregnant women with threatened abortion(test group) and sixty normal pregnant women(control group) were collected to detect the chlamydia nonstructural protein DNA(CT-DNA)of the cervical secretions of the pregnant women in the two groups by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Results: The CT-DNA of sixteen cases(16/60) was positive in the cervical secretions of sixty pregnant women with threatened abortion but the CT-DNA of two cases(2/60) was positive in the cervical secretions of sixty pregnant women of the control group.A significant difference was found between the two groups(P0.05).The clinical manifestations of irregular hemorrhage in the vagina,cervical purulent secretion,cervical erosion edema and cervical polypus during pregnancy of the CT-DNA positive patients in the threatened abortion group were higher than those of the CT-DNA negative patients(P0.05).Conclusions: The chlamydia trachomatis infection in female genital tract is one of reasons that may result in threatened abortion.The pregnant women with chlamydia trachomatis infection are often associated with irregular hemorrhage in the vagina,cervical purulent secretion,cervical erosion edema and cervical polypus during pregnancy.


Abstract A ureolytic strain (strain D) of Selenomonas ruminantium was isolated from rumen fluid in numbers of 2 × 10 7 per ml or more. Isolation was expedited by a chemically defined culture medium containing urea as the main source of nitrogen. Morphologically similar anaerobic ureolytic strains as well as other ureolytic types were isolated on several occasions, but results were erratic. Studies on the nutrition of strain D showed that it could utilize ammonia, nitrate, urea, and a number of amino acids and purines as sole sources of nitrogen, and it requires one or more B-vitamins for rapid growth in glucose-containing defined media but does not require volatile acids. None of five previously described strains of S. ruminantium utilized either urea or nitrate, although two of these reduce nitrate to nitrite. When strain D was grown in medium containing a small amount of urea and nitrate, diauxic growth occurred, suggesting that urea was used before nitrate and that the system involved in reduction of nitrate to ammonia is repressed by urea or ammonia. Preliminary studies on urease production by strain D indicate that it is strongly repressed by ammonia and may be induced by urea. Urease production was also repressed by inclusion of high urea in the growth medium and was increased after ammonia became very low in a medium containing a growth-limiting concentration of ammonia-nitrogen.