This study assesses the roles, challenges and prospects of microfinance banks in Nigeria with a view to determine whether the activity of microfinance banks had any significant impact on commercial activities and whether there are prospects for microfinance banks in Nigeria. The findings of the research obtained through primary data which were analyse with the aid of simple percentages, charts and chisquare test statistic revealed that the activity of microfinance banks had significant impact on commercial activities and that there are better prospects for microfinance banks in Nigeria. Thou, there are prospect for microfinance banks in Nigeria; the study also discovered some challenges that confronts microfinance banks. Based on the research findings, recommendations were made. It is the researcher's strong believe that the policy thrust that would eminent from the adoption of the recommendations would produce a microfinance bank subsector that can compete favourably with commercial banks in Nigeria.


Most clinical data regarding the use of sacubitril-valsartan (SV) in patients with heart failure with reduce EF (HFrEF) come from clinical trials, while observational studies in real life are scarce.

 To analyse the efficacy, safety and tolerability of SV in patients with HFrEF in real life.

 An analysis of the SAVE-RLife (SV Evidence in Real Life) study was performed. This is an observational and ambispective study that included all patients with HFrEF who started SV between SEP2016 and DEC2018.

 A total of 291 patients were included in the study with a median follow-up of 326 (169; 523). Mean age 66.16±11.8, 71 were women (24.4%), 209 patients started treatment at office (71.8%) and 82 during the admission (28.2%). The main aetiologies were ischemic heart disease (51.5%) and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (35.4%). Comorbidities included: 71.5% hypertensive, 55.3% dyslipidemic, 37.1% AF and 44% T2DM. Baseline treatment included 85.9% beta-blockers, 87.2% ACEI or ARA-II, 65.6% MRA and 17.5% iSGLT2. After treatment start with SV, baseline and follow-up analytical parameters such as GFR, K+ levels and NT-BNP, and echo parameters of LV reverse remodeling were evaluated (Table 1).
 Improvement of the functional NYHA class (Figure 1) and reduction in the incidence of hospital admission or visits to emergency room (ER) were observed. Side effects were 16.2% acute renal failure, 9.3% symptomatic hypotension, 9.7% asymptomatic hypotension and 15.9% hyperkalemia. In 31 patients (11%) the drug was discontinued, one patient due to angioedema. 7.9% of patients died during follow-up, 7 of them due to HF (2.4%).
 Table 1 Before SV After SV P value Analytical data GFR (ml/min) 70.25±24.95 68.27±24.62 0.008 Serum K+(mEq/L) 4.53±0.50 4.71±0.456 <0.001 NT-proBNP (pg/ml) 2201 (846; 4664) 1146 (436; 2564) <0.001 Echocardiographic data LVEF (%) (n=84) 30.60±7.16 38.30±12.22 <0.001 LVED (mm) (n=72) 65.22±7.82 60.81±8.37 <0.001 PAPs (mmHg) (n=48) 44.48±13.03 37.52±12.25 0.002 MR (grade 1–4) (n=71) 1.83±0.91 1.38±0.90 <0.001 Clinical outcomes HF Hospital/ER Admission the year before (mean± SD) 0.79±1.09 0.41±0.963 <0.001
 Predictors of clinical improvement

 SV has shown to improve morbidity and mortality in patients with HFrEF by improving functional class, decreasing NT-proBNP levels and reducing admissions due to HF, without significant side effects. In our study SV improved LVEF and reverse remodeling echocardiographic parameters too.


OBJECTIVE
This study describes clinical characteristics of youth presenting for service at a Canadian youth concurrent mental health and substance use disorders (SUD) program.

METHOD
Participants were 100 adolescents and emerging adults (aged 14-25) who attended a Canadian concurrent mental health and substance use disorders outpatient program. SUDs were assigned using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Self-reported mental health symptoms, trauma exposure and adaptive functioning were also assessed.

RESULTS
Eighty-three percent of participants scored over the clinical cut-off on at least one mental health scale and 33% reported at least one suicide attempt. Sixty-six percent met criteria for a current SUD; 96% met lifetime criteria. Exposure to adverse events was nearly universal (94%). Almost half of female (46%) and almost a third of male (31%) participants endorsed symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Youth reported impairment and need for support in multiple domains of functioning, including school, peer, family and mental health. Substance use was least likely to be identified as a treatment priority.

CONCLUSIONS
High rates of adverse events and PTSD highlight the need for trauma-informed care when providing services to this vulnerable population. Functional impairment in domains related to developmental transitions and tasks underscores the need for a developmental lens and integrated treatment that goes beyond mental health and SUD symptoms and addresses developmentally relevant domains during this transitional age.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of transformational leadership, integrity and teamwork on lecturers' work effectiveness at University of Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta. The results of the research revealed that transformational leadership, integrity and teamwork have direct positive effects on the work effectiveness. It also proved that transformational leadership and Integrity have direct positive effects on the team work. The research sample were 193 lecturers taken proportionally. Data collection techniques using questionnaire instruments. The assesment of data was carried out through the path analysis techniques. From the results, Transformational leadership, integrity, and teamwork have a positive effect on lecturers' work effectiveness at University of Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka Jakarta.


We examined effects of preflection, action, and reflection sessions on youth experiences during a 4‑H travel camp. The travel camp was one component of GLOBE, a 2-year Texas 4-H program with intentional goals of advancing understanding of agriculture, poverty, and world cultures. In morning preflection sessions, the 28 youth participants were instructed to take photographs during their day according to themes aligned with 1 of 2 of the program's goals: building global citizenship and understanding poverty. Each day ended with a reflection session. Youth viewed a slideshow of their themed photographs. After the slideshows, youth completed questionnaires measuring elements of the quality of their subjective experiences during the slideshow: meaningfulness, perceived value of time spent, engagement, absorption, self-affirmation, and provocation. The affirmation preflection, action, and reflection sequence yielded significantly greater meaningfulness and perceived value of time spent. Effects were mediated by immediate subjective experiences of provocation, self-affirmation, absorption, and engagement.


MATISSE (Multi AperTure mid-Infrared SpectroScopic Experiment) is the spectro-interferometer for the VLTI of the European Southern Observatory (ESO), operating in the L-, M- and N- spectral bands, and combining up to four beams from the unit or the auxiliary telescopes (UTs or ATs). MATISSE will offer new breakthroughs in the study of circumstellar environments by allowing the mapping of the material distribution, the gas and essentially the dust. The instrument consists in a warm optical system (WOP) accepting four beams from the VLTI and relaying them after a spectral splitting to cold optical benches (COB) located in two separate cryostats, one in L-M- band, and one in N-band. The test plan of the complete instrument has been conducted at the Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur in order to confirm the compliance of the performance with the high-level requirements. MATISSE has successfully passed the Preliminary Acceptance in Europe the 12th September 2017. Following this result, ESO gave approval for the instrument to be shipped to Paranal. The Alignment, Integration and Verification phase was conducted until end of February 2018, at the end of which first observations on sky have been performed to test the operations with the VLTI and to obtain first stellar light. The two first runs of the commissioning followed, respectively in March and in May 2018. It has the goal to optimize the MATISSE-VLTI communication, the acquisition procedures and the interface parameters. The observations were performed on bright L-M- and N- stars, with four ATs located on short baselines and UTs. The limit magnitudes will be deduced. This paper reports on the performance of the instrument measured in laboratory (results of test plan in Nice and AIV in Paranal) in terms of spectral coverage, dispersion laws and spectral resolutions, and transfer function analysis: instrumental contrast, visibility accuracy, accuracy of the differential phase, of the closure-phase and of the differential visibility. It also provides results of the first tests on sky and the planning of the on-going commissioning.


Vocational Training students have a great opportunity of job placement when they carry out their
internships in a company, in a professional environment, through the Training in Work Centers
module. Keeping the track of the curricular competences of every student during their academic
phase, knowing the level reached in each of them, would help the tutor in Training in Work Centers
to find the most suitable company according to those competences in which the student shows
more skills. Currently, the tutor manually seeks the number of companies needed to locate
students, without taking into account the result they have obtained in the different competencies
with the activity of these companies. If the tutor could know where the students have better results,
the efforts would focus on finding companies whose activity is equal to the best qualifying
competitions. Currently there is no application that allows preparing reports to show the
qualifications for each competency and to assign the student the company whose activity matches
the professional qualification. Therefore, in this work a web application is developed to perform all
these tasks automatically. In addition, with the application the tutor of the course will be able to
review the information for guiding the student on his/her future professional career. Finally, the tutor
of the company, where the student has been assigned to perform the internship, could consult this
information, which can help you to know what tasks you can do within the company to continue
improving. The evaluation of the functioning of this web application has been carried out by tutors,
tutors of Training in Work Centers and company tutors of the Escuela Politecnica Giner of Madrid.


Organic materials reveal many different phenomena depending on the temperature, the applied magnetic field and its direction with the sample crystallographic axes. The λ-(BETS)2GaCl4 and λ-(BETS)2FeCl4 (λ-phase BETS salts) are a good examples of such materials. The λ-(BETS)2GaCl4 and λ-(BETS)2FeCl4 have totally different behavior at the same conditions. Basically, while the superconductivity state is destroyed for the λ-(BETS)2GaCl4 by applying a magnetic field, it is induced for the λ-(BETS)2FeCl4 by applying a magnetic field parallel to c-axis. Because of this behavior λ-(BETS)2FeCl4 is considered as a field induced superconductor (FISC) under these conditions [1, 2]. To study these different behaviors, an improved method has been developed to measure the upper critical fields of quasi-two dimensional (highly anisotropic) superconductors. The method involves an ac tunnel diode oscillator (TDO) circuit that can measure penetration depths and skin depths on very tiny single crystals with great sensitivity [3]. The TDO circuit has been designed to rotate at low temperatures and in high magnetic fields, and good control over the direction of the magnetic field with respect to the crystallographic axes is obtained. The instrumentation that has been developed was first used to search for the Meissner signal in the superconducting state of λ-(BETS)2GaCl4 where careful alignment of the sample's caxis with magnetic field is crucial. Future work focusing on searching for the Meissner signal in the field induced superconducting state of λ(BETS)2FeCl4 where careful alignment of the sample c-axis is needed too.


Since the technology of electronic countermeasure is common in use in actual battle,a calculation method of aircraft survivability under the conditions of self-defence jamming and chaff jamming is studied.First,based on the properties of self-defence jamming and chaff jamming,the calculation formulae of radar detection probability and missile hitting probability are deduced.Then,combining the hitting probability and missile missing distance,the calculation of aircraft vulnerability could be analyzed using the equal kinetic energy killing rule.Further,the calculation method of aircraft survivability could be obtained.Finally,several numerical examples are given.Results show that aircraft survivability is improved fairly on the self-defence jamming and chaff jamming.


The loading behaviors of the rigid piles-composite foundation by reverse construction process before and after sealing piles are analyzed respectively; and equations to calculate the stress ratio and the depth of the neutrality point are deduced. Based on the analysis results, the stress ratio (or load sharing ratio) can be adjusted by controlling the settlement difference between piles and soils, the replacement ratio and length of piles. Deformation is the main factor in design of rigid piles-composite foundation. A practical example shows that the calculation results are satisfied compared with the testing results.


Abstract The reaction between phosphonyl radicals and substituted o-and p-benzoquinone has been studied by ESR. The addition of phosphonyl radicals to benzoquinone occurs at two sites, either at carbonyl oxygen or at double bond of the cycle. The reaction of phosphonyl radicals with p-benzoquinone and methylenquinones proceeds in a similar fashion.


Objective:To investigate the effect of different delivery modes and related obstetric factors on the short-term dysfunction of the pelvic floor.Methods:One hundred and forty-five healthy women were interviewed at 6 to 8 weeks postpartum,with 90 women in the vaginal delivery group and 55 women in the elective cesarean section group.Gynecologic examination,pelvic floor muscle contraction by the finger guide and measurement of pelvic floor muscles function by special diagnostic apparatus(PHENIX U8 Guangzhou Shanshan company provided)were used for the diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor muscle strength grading as well as questionnaire on stress urinary incontinence performed by special staff.Results:There were significant differences statistically on the prevalence of anterior vaginal wall prolapse,posterior wall prolapse and uterine prolapse between elective cesarean section group and vaginal delivery group(P0.05).In elective cesarean section group,17 cases(30.9%) had the deep muscle strength lesion of pelvic floor and 24 cases(43.6%) had the shallow muscle strength lesion of pelvic floor.However,in vaginal delivery group 34 cases(37.8%) and 46 cases(51.1%) had the above dysfunction abnormalities respectively.Two groups showed no significant differences statistically(P 0.05).Total number of urinary incontinence during pregnancy was 41,the prevalence was 28.3%.Among these cases,18 cases were in elective cesarean section group accounting for 32.7%,23 cases were in vaginal delivery group accounting for 25.6%,there was no significant difference statistically(P0.05).Total number of postpartum urinary incontinence was 27,the prevalence was 18.6%.Among these cases,10 cases were in elective cesarean section group accounting for 18.2%,17 cases were in vaginal delivery group accounting for 18.9%,there was no significant difference statistically(P0.05).Maternal age and infant birth weight were risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse(P0.05),Cesarean section was a protective factor(P0.05).Conclusions:Compared with vaginal delivery,cesarean section can reduce the uterus and vaginal prolapse,but it can not reduce the incidence of postpartum urinary incontinence,Long-term effect of fetus gravity and hormones may be the main causes of dysfunction of the pelvic floor.


We built an acoustical telepresence robot named TeleHead, which has a user-like dummy head and whose movement is synchronized with the user's head movement in real time. An accurate-shape user-like dummy head improves sound localization accuracy, but making an accurate-shape user-like dummy head for all users is not realistic. There have been many efforts to simplify dummy heads without head movement in order to make a dummy head suitable for all users. Head movement also improves sound localization accuracy. Therefore, we are trying to simplify TeleHead's head shape by taking the effect of head movement into consideration. In this work, we made two types of simplified dummy heads, a ball-like dummy head and a ball-like dummy head with a user-like pinna, and used them in sound localization experiments. The experimental results show that the pinna is very important for sound localization in the median plane. Head movement can improve sound localization and subjects can localize sound with another person's pinna. However, it is hard for subjects to localize a sound without a pinna even with head movement. In addition, the acoustical characteristics of each dummy head are significantly different. The results indicate the possibility of using a ball-like dummy head with a generic pinna for acoustical telepresence robots.


As with the advancement of the IT technologies, the amount of accumulated data is also increasing. It has resulted in large amount of data stored in databases, warehouses and other repositories. Thus the Data mining comes into picture to explore and analyze the databases to extract the interesting and previously unknown patterns and rules known as association rule mining. Association Rule Mining is used to Finding frequent patterns, associations, correlations, or causal structures among sets of items or objects in transaction databases, relational databases, and other information repositories. Many algorithms have been proposed from last many decades for solving frequent pattern mining. Among different approaches to solve frequent pattern mining, a relatively new one is an improved frequent pattern mining algorithm using suffix tree & suffix automata. Previous researches we found which were based on prefix tree. In this paper, we have proposed a new frequent pattern mining algorithm which based on suffix tree & suffix automata. Experimental results on synthetic datasets show that the proposed algorithm provides better accuracy compared to previous algorithms.


One of the important elements in the preparation of future teachers in the field of mathematics is the analysis of the pupil's solution. These analyses include the analysis of the video recording of the pupil's solving procedure and the monitoring of the pupil's thought processes. We do not always have a video recording of solving the task (GDPR, video file size, time space, etc.). Therefore, in the preparation of future teachers in the field of the first grade of elementary school, we tried to replace the video recording with an animation of the solving procedure with the possibility of switching on accompanying comments describing the thought processes during the animation. Students studied various approaches to solving mathematical tasks in this form and subsequently had the task of describing the possible thought processes to solve the assigned task themselves. As part of this contribution, we would like to give an example of such animation and the results of a survey among students on how they evaluated the contribution of such animation in their preparation for the future profession of teacher in the field of mathematics.


Objective To explore the imaging features and clinical significance of vertebral artery tortuositas.Methods 128 cases which underwent spiral CT angiography of vertebral artery were analyzed with imaging of axial,multiplanar,and three-dimensional surface reconstruction.The shape,distribution of vertebral artery tortuositas and the relationship with the cervical hyperostosis,disc narrow and other factors were observed.Results 225 vertebral arteries showed tortuositas in 256 vertebral arteries of 128 patients,accounting for 87.0%.There was total 347 tortuositas in 256 vertebral arteries,196 in V1 segment,accounting for 56.5% and 151 in V2 segment,accounting for 43.5%,the percent of V1 segment was higher than that of V2 segment.Four tortuose shapes were observed:single arc(41.5%),wave-shaped(38.3%),bending(15.9%),loop(4.3%).Tortuositas caused by bone hyperplasia accounted for 24.0%,and 55.6% of 151 tortuositas in the V2 segment.Vertebral artery tortuositas related with hyperostosis,age and disc stenosis,and it was no significant correlation with gender,vertebral instability,cervical curvature change and atherosclerosis.Conclusion Tortuositas of vertebral artery is a common expression in the elderly,folding,loop and bone hyperplasia can cause vertebral artery stenosis.Whether vertebral artery tortuositas has influence on the posterior circulation perfusion needs to be further studied.


This document gives the specification of version 2.01 of the Constraint Choice Language (CCL). CCL is designed as a language to be used for agent communication which directly supports the expression of choice and choice problems in the content of agent messages. This version of CCL has been adopted by FIPA as a standard FIPA-compliant content language named FIPA-CCL. LIA-DI-EPFL CCL Language Specification v2.01 Page 2


In this paper, we aim at identifying and prioritizing the factors and sub-factors that influence bank selection in retail banking of Iran. To do this, a questionnaire of 33 questions is designed based on literature review and is given to customers where 400-filled questionnaires are gathered. Data is analyzed by use of exploratory factor analysis in order to identify factors and sub-factors through the questionnaire, use of confirmatory factor analysis in order to prioritize identified factors, and use of Friedman test in order to prioritize identified sub-factors. We identified three factors; welfare, economical, and social. In addition, numbers of sub-factors are identified; 10 sub-factors for welfare factor, 8 sub-factors for economical factor, and 8 sub-factors for social factor. The most important sub-factors for welfare, economical, and social factor are Bank branches locations, deposit interest rate, and bank goodwill respectively.


Abstract The slow strain rate tensile test was used to study at 100 C the susceptibility of sensitized 403 stainless steel to SCC in sodium sulfate solutions differing in pH. In a solution of pH 2, pitting was found to occur in the active/passive potential region. At pH 7 and 10, pitting occurred above a certain critical potential. When the specimen was strained, cracks nucleated intergranularly starting from corrosion pits.


An improved propulsion model for multirotor small unmanned aerial vehicles is developed by incorporating the effects of airflow speed, direction, rotor interaction, and other phenomena related to particular configurations, which are elements that are lacking in typical models. Two applications are presented. The first is a propulsion envelope, which helps determining safe operating conditions for particular propulsion systems. The second application allows elucidating important dynamical phenomena that traditional models lack, including possible instability with closed-loop controllers.


A protected undecapeptide containing the possible N-terminal sequence of ribonuclease T1, namely benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanyl-S-benzyl-L-cysteinyl-L-asparaginyl-L-tyrosyl-L-threonyl-S-benzyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl-L-seryl-L-asparaginyl-S-benzyl-L-cysteinyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (XXI), was synthesized by coupling of benzyloxycarbonyl-alanyl-S-benzylcysteinyl-asparaginyl-tyrosine azide with heptapeptide ester, threonyl-S-benzylcysteinyl-glycyl-seryl-asparaginyl-S-benzylcysteinyl-tyrosine ester, which is derived from p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl-heptapeptide ester by the action of trifluoroacetic acid. The optical homogeneity of the protected undecapeptide (XXI) was established by deblocking of XXI and subsequently digesting the resulting free undecapeptide with leucine aminopeptidase.


The direct absorption of concentrated solar radiation in a powder cloud is a promising reactor concept to thermally decompose metal oxides to lower valence metal oxides or metals. This decomposition accomplishes direct conversion of solar to chemical energy. To investigate these decomposition reactions two different groups of reactors were developed. The first group consists of small windowless prototype reactors that has the potential be scaled up to industrial scale. Based on the results four main criteria were proposed for their development. In a recent work we were able to build a reactor that fulfilled three of the four criteria. As a result maximum particle temperatures of 1900 K as well as stable temperature differences particle/wall of more than 500 K were achieved. In conjunction with a water-spray quenching unit, MnO 2 could be successfully reduced to a mixture of MnO/Mn 3 O 4 . The reactors of the second group were aimed as tools to investigate chemical reactions at high temperatures in a solar furnace. Thus, control of the gas atmosphere and temperatures as high as possible were prioritized. With a win dowed solar reactor equipped with a secondary concentrator, reduction of spinel type mixed iron oxides, (Fe 0.9 M 0.1 ) 3 O 4 (M=Mn, Mg), was achieved in less than 50 milliseconds.


Entering  the  21st  century,  the  world  is  undergoing  a  rapid  change  in  many  aspects  of  life.  The emergence of a knowledge-based global economy has undermin ed old realities throughout the world, creating opportunities as well as problems. Without more effective urban planning, world cities will not  be  able  to  fully  benefit  from  these  opportunities.  More effective urban planning, as an integral component of urban management, is essential to avoid the breakdown of world cities. This  article  is  trying  to  present  the  fallacies  and  limitations  of  current  urban  planning  practice against  current  and  future  conditions,  and   to  provide  a  recipe  for  reinventing  effec tive  urban planning.


Tourism is among the most important service industries in Malaysia. It plays a crucial role in the new economic model,
in which the government is increasing its efforts to shift the border of economic activities from a resource-based to a service
-based
economy. One of Malaysia's major tourist origination countries is Singapore, which accounts for more than half of the annual to
urist
arrivals in Malaysia. Looking at the significant volume of tourist arrivals from Singapore, this paper investigated the determi
nants of
Singaporean tourism demand in Malaysia from a macroeconomic perspective using quarterly data from 2000Q1 through 2010Q4.
The empirical results suggest a long-term cointegration relationship between Singaporean tourist arrivals and specified macroec
o-
nomic variables, including real Singaporean income, tourism price, real travel cost, and currency exchange rate between Singapo
re
and Malaysia. In particular, higher real income and stronger currency will induce Singaporeans to visit Malaysia, while higher
tourism prices and travel costs will discourage tourists from Singapore. It is difficult to infer specific policy for the touri
sm industry
using foreign real income and exchange rates, h
owever, a deta
iled microeconomic survey on tourist demand behavior regarding
tourism prices and travel costs should be conducted and addressed by the Malaysian tourism action plan.


Modern tools in human neuroscience provide valuable new ideas for Brain-Computer Interface solutions for paralyzed people. With the increasing interest in brain implants, a more detailed knowledge of the topographical organization is needed. Research with implants is severely limited to only experimental BCI implants or patients with electrodes implanted for diagnostic purposes, hence alternative methods for research are urgently needed. We have shown that fMRI conducted with a 7 Tesla human MRI scanner, can fulfill the role of non-invasive research tool for new approaches in BCI. In this paper I discuss what 7T fMRI can reveal and present several examples of new insights relevant for BCI.


Abstract Mechanical circulatory assistance devices have been researched and used to assist the pumping function of the failing heart. Examples of these devices are intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) and ventricular assist devices (VAD). In order to perform the in vitro tests of these devices, before the in vivo tests, cardiovascular simulators are required. One important part of a cardiovascular simulator is the simulation of the left ventricle which is a pulsatile blood pump. Most of the existing left ventricle simulators use pneumatic actuator. This type of actuator creates negative pressure inside the ventricle chamber which is not physiological. The objective of this work is to develop a pulsatile pump that simulates the left ventricle without creating negative pressure. The concept of the pulsatile pump was evaluated using 3D printing to manufacture the prototype. The developed pulsatile pump is composed of two reservoirs: a rigid one with 5.0 x 104 mm3 of volume which corresponds to the residual systolic volume and a flexible one which ejects 8.0 x 104 mm3 of fluid per beating cycle when compressed by a platform. Two caged-ball valves simulating the mitral and the aortic valve are responsible for the unidirectional flow. A constant pressure of 1,333 Pa inside an open reservoir maintains the fluid flowing into the pulsatile pump through the mitral valve. A DC motor is connected to a lever mechanism that transforms the rotational movement of the motor into vertical movement of the platform. The vertical movement of the platform is responsible for the pulsatile flow of the pump, generating a pressure of 10,640 to 15,960 Pa at the outlet of the pump. Since the platform is not attached to the flexible reservoir, there is no generation of the negative pressure inside the simulator.


The materials of this study were β-conglycinins extracted from yellow soybean and black soybean,of which we detected the construction of subunits and the content of combining-sugar by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) and periodic acid-Schiff(PAS).To investigate the effect on intestinal microbial community,in vitro experiments were conducted using Caco-2 cell line to confirm that in vitro pepsin and trypsin hydrolysates of β-conglycinin from yellow soybean and black soybean had an antiadhesive effect on human intestinal cells against the enteropathogens(Escherichia coli strains serotype O26,Salmonella typhimurium LT2).The results showed that there was no disparation in both construction of subunits and sugar content of β-conglycinins from the two kinds of soybeans,of which sugar content were 3.5%~3.7%,and their hydrolysates after heat treatment could significantly inhibit the adhesion of Escherichia coli O26 to Caco-2 cells,while there was no effect against Salmonella typhimurium LT2.Our findings indicated that β-conglycinin probably had an antiadhesive effect on protecting human intestinal cells against the Escherichia coli O26.


This paper draws on the experience of a year-long evaluation project in a university counselling service. The author considers some reasons for practitioners' reluctance to undertake formal evaluation, but suggests their confidence in clinical work may be enhanced if ambivalence can be explored. The paper discusses the impact of organizational culture on such ventures and considers what conditions might promote their success.


This supplement was produced by INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL NEWS GROUP, a division of ELSEVIER MEDICAL INFORMATION, LLC. Neither the Editors of SKIN & ALLERGY NEWS AND PEDIATRIC NEWS, the Editorial Advisory Boards, nor the reporting staff reviewed or contributed to its contents. The ideas and opinions expressed in this supplement are those of the faculty and do not necessarily reflect the views of the supporter or the Publisher.


The present paper wishes to be a succinct study dealing with the characterization possibilities of the behavior of geothermal waters, in the process of exploiting their thermal energy. There will be an analysis of the relations between the analytical data of the fluid and some theories from this field's literature, regarding the estimation of their characteristics. The validity of the latter will be verified through the actual determination of the corrosion rate of a certain type of steel, in the exploitation facility of the geothermal water extracted through well 4797 Oradea.


Several years ago, the committee of an interferon (IFN) scientific project team sponsored by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) of Japan organized five clinical IFN study groups in an attempt to assess the clinical value of human IFNs . Studies have been carried out by these groups with supports of numerous collaborators** including IFN manufacturers who organized their own clinical research groups to participate in the MHW's collaborative study on IFN therapy. The working system for comparative study on the clinical potential of various human IFN preparations and the clinical results obtained by the end of March , 1982 were described in the previous paper (1). The present report is a review of the comparative clinical value of various types of human IFN preparations, based on more comprehensive clinical data which have been obtained by MHW's scientific project team by the end of July, 1984.


Often accounts and profiles on media platforms discount the real-world complexities of sharing by naively designing technology that supports one user per account. While recently popular media platforms like Netlfix and Disney+ have started responding here, the solutions are simplistic. Within research, despite recent interest, a holistic narrative of the practicalities of sharing and support which could be effectively leveraged for future design of media platforms that support sharing is yet to be investigated. This paper reports a set of user focus groups and expert interviews that present a holistic set of 5 challenges confronting this scope. We further situate these findings in two practical examples of sharing, one current and one near-future, to demonstrate the real-world applicability of said findings by both explicating the challenges and using them as a lens to start exploring responses in each case.


This study empirically examines the impact of forests on economic growth in Nigeria for the period of 1990 to 2015. Unit root tests were carried out using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test and the Bounds cointegration test was used to establish a long run relationship between the forests and other independent variables and economic growth. An Error Correction Model (ECM) was also employed to determine the nature of the long run relationship. The findings show that forests have a positive effect on economic growth however this is not statistically significant. This study recommends that the government should intensify its efforts in the forestry sector so as to improve the productivity of forest resources in Nigeria. The Nigerian government should discourage illegal felling of trees and importation of timber products as well as engage and develop the rural communities to reduce the pressure on forest resources and ensure sustainable use. The study also recommends the sustainable use of forest resources through ecotourism and the development of the forestry value chain in Nigeria.


By designing socially intelligent robots that can more effectively communicate and interact with us, we can increase their capacity to function as collaborative partners. Our research goal is to develop robots capable of engaging in nonverbal communication, which has been argued to be at the core of social intelligence. We take a human-centric approach that closely aligns with how people are theorized to model nonverbal communication. We propose a unified computational approach to interactively learn the meaning of nonverbal behaviors for inference and production. More specifically, we use a partially observable Markov decision process model to infer an interactant's mental state based on their observed nonverbal behaviors as well as produce appropriate nonverbal behaviors for a robot to communicate its internal state. By interactively learning the connection between nonverbal behaviors and the mental states producing them, an agent can more readily generalize to new people and situations.


Distribution networks (DNs) are being operated closer to the voltage stability boundaries due to the exponentially increasing power demand. This paper presents a sensitivity based load shedding strategy for averting the occurrence of voltage instability in DNs. This method identifies the most sensitive node through evaluating the sensitivity between the voltage stability and real power demand at each node and performs load shedding at the chosen node; and repeats this process till the network enters the stable region. The method improves the bus voltage profile besides avoiding voltage collapse. The simulation results on two test systems emphasize its applicability on networks of any size. Keywordsdistribution networks, voltage stability, voltage collapse, load shedding. INTRODUCTION The present day distribution networks (DNs) are more heavily loaded than ever before to meet the exponentially-increasing power demand, thereby operating closer to voltage stability (VS) boundaries. In certain industrial areas, it is observed that under certain critical loading conditions, the distribution network suffers from voltage collapse [1] . Voltage collapse is characterized by a slow variation in system operating point due to increase in the loads in such a way that the voltage magnitude gradually decreases until a sharp accelerated change occurs [2] . In recent years, voltage stability of distribution systems have thus received great attention for both analysis and enhancement of operating conditions; and several methods that includes various indices have been suggested for assessing the VS [2]-[9] . However, when the network is operating closer to voltage instability, the prime goal is prevention of voltage collapse. If the network still remains nearer to voltage instability region even after initiating the measures such as network reconfiguration, switching capacitor banks and running distribution generation (DG) units, the load curtailment at some weak buses is the only avenue for avoiding voltage collapse. Though extensive research is in vogue for load shedding of transmission networks, [8]-[14] , relatively a little work is reported for load shedding of DNs to avoid voltage collapse [15]-[17] . A new strategy involving sensitivity factors for identifying the appropriate nodes for load shedding with a view of avoiding voltage instability in DNs has been proposed in this paper. The proposed strategy (PS) has been applied on two DNs and the results have been presented.


Volumes and charges of water drops formed in a uniform electric field (0-4 kV/cm) have been measured in cyclohexane, toluene, insulating oil and three kinds of silicone oils as continuous phase. Effects of nozzle length extended from an electrode, flow rate of dispersed phase and liquid viscosity of continuous phase on the volume and the charge are examined. Experimental values are compared with those calculated by equations presented. It is clarified that experimental volumes of the drops formed in a liquid having viscosity up to ten centipoises can be predicted by the presented equation. The experimental drop charges at low flow rates of dispersed phase are also represented by the equation. In a range of high flow rates of dispersed phase, however, a sudden decrease of charge has been observed.


This study investigated the occurrence of Escherichia coli pathotypes in sanitary wastewater and drinking water in a Bangladeshi urban slum and the potential associations between these sources. We examined 621 E. coli isolates from sanitary wastewater and stored drinking water by multiplex PCR and dual‐index sequencing, classifying them into eight pathotypes based on 14 virulence genes and additionally evaluating the possession of the human‐specific E. coli genetic biomarker H8. The proportions of pathogenic E. coli were significantly different (P < 0·001) between wastewater (18·6%) and drinking water (1·7%). StIb‐positive enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) were predominant in wastewater, indicating that people in the site carried ETEC. In contrast, no ETEC was present in drinking water and the proportion of H8‐positive isolates was significantly smaller (7·8%) than that in wastewater (16·3%) (P = 0·001). Our findings indicate that sanitary wastewater from the slum was heavily contaminated with pathogenic E. coli, posing a great health risk. Furthermore, E. coli contamination of drinking water could be derived from not only human but also other sources.


Is provided an applicator for applying a fluid to a surface, the inner wall applicator, comprising a support portion having an upper outer surface and a lower retaining surface, a flexible membrane, a central opening, the lower end and an upper end comprising the the upper outer surface of the support portion a outer wall that at least partially surrounds the outer wall comprises a lower end and an upper end, an outer wall, an upper folded wall connecting the upper end portion of the inner wall and the outer wall , flexible membrane and, and a film holding portion for the lower end rigidly fixed to the upper outer surface of the support portion of the inner wall of the flexible membrane, the inner wall of the upper surface and the flexible membrane of the membrane holder is fluid defining a reservoir for holding the lower end portion of the outer wall of the flexible membrane, when pressure is applied to the upper folded walls of the flexible membrane, axially to the upper outer surface of the support portion free to move. In one embodiment, the applicator has particular utility for application to the skin of a patient in need of testosterone replacement therapy for topical or transdermal testosterone compositions. .The


We present an exact analytic expression of the contributions of the kernel principal components to the relevant information in a nonlinear regression problem. A related study has been presented by Braun, Buhmann, and Müller in 2008, where an upper bound of the contributions was given for a general supervised learning problem but with "uncentered" kernel PCAs. Our analysis clarifies that the relevant information of a kernel regression under explicit centering operation is contained in a finite number of leading kernel principal components, as in the "uncentered" kernel-Pca case, if the kernel matches the underlying nonlinear function so that the eigenvalues of the centered kernel matrix decay quickly. We compare the regression performances of the least-square-based methods with the centered and uncentered kernel PCAs by simulations.


Individuals who break the law, considered mentally ill and declared legally exempt from punishment are object to what is called security measures. These legal sanctions, in some cases, dispose of the incarceration of this population in specific institutions. To define the condition of exemption from punishment, it's necessary to carry out a psychiatric assessment that defines the pathology and level of danger to others. The association of psychiatric and judiciary discourse, and related institutional practices, conveys to individual e social deterioration and, frequently, to a chronic institutionalization. Analysis was based on the data taken from the medical records of subjects who are under security measures in the Psychiatric Treatment ward of the Presidio da Colmeia in Brasilia. Discourse analysis and Institutional analysis are methodological tools used for these objectives.


As the amount of text available in electronic form continues to increase at alarming rate, the tools to manage these textual resources effectively will become critical. Information Retrieval System tries to save the users access time by classifying the documents and clustering the documents because users spend a lot of time to find documents or information from texts. Therefore, text mining is the most popular and it is necessary to solve this problem. The largest amount of work in text mining has been in the areas of categorization, classification and clustering of documents. Text mining has many methods to find the useful information. Among these methods, association rule mining is very suitable for finding the most frequent words that occur in the document collection. Association rule analysis is the task of discovering association rules that occur frequently in a given text sets. Our proposed system had been developed by applying the preprocessing steps of text mining system and Apriori algorithm for finding the pairs of most frequent words. These frequent words are associated with each other and they can provide the trained texts for the document classification.


THE SOCIAL SCIENCES PRODUCED BY BLACK intellectuals that developed in Brazil in the 1970s and '80s1 showed us that without the implementation of public policies for black citizens, no theory of development can be sustained as a model for overcoming socioeconomic inequalities.2 After more than 30 years, with the arrival in January 2003 of the Luiz Inácio "Lula" Da Silva administration, the fight for racial and gender equality that took to the streets and intervened in the national policy agenda beginning in the 1980s now faces limits imposed, in part, by institutionalized racism.3 This racism takes the form of a lack of understanding of the strategic meaning of confronting racism and sexism as a fundamental step in development. In the 21st century, the development planned for Brazil—a country with 187 million inhabitants, an estimated 46% of them black, of whom 52% are women4—must begin addressing racial and gender inequities in dealing with poverty. Without this, there is a serious risk of others seeing Brazil as failing in its regional mission. That mission is to be a partner in solidarity with the Latin American nations, all of them, like Brazil, multiracial, matrifocal societies, and home to strong grassroots organizations based on local economies that are not incorporated into the national market (this is true just as much for black communites as it is for indigenous ones). Given this context, public policies should be developed in an "intersectional"5 manner, in the sense of intersectionality introVilma Reis is a sociologist, educator and the Executive Coordinator of Education and Professionalization for Racial and Gender Equality at the Center for AfroOriental Studies, Federal University of Bahia. She is an activist in the black women's movement in Salvador, Bahia. Black Brazilian Women and the Lula Administration


Background: The use of beta-2 agonist as an intervention for acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients is controversial. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published randomized controlled trials (RCT) using beta (β)-2-agonists to improve outcomes (mortality and ventilator free days) among patients with ALI/ARDS. Methods: A comprehensive search of seven major databases (Ovid Medline In-Process and other non-Indexed citations, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, and Scopus) for RCTs using β 2 -agonists for ALI from their origin to March 2013 was conducted. The effect size was measured by relative-risk (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean-difference (MD) for continuous outcomes, with 95% confidence interval (CI). The statistical heterogeneity between the studies was assessed with the Cochran's Q test and I 2 statistic. The heterogeneity of >50% was considered significant for the analysis. Data analyses were performed using Review Manager Version 5.1. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to ascertain the quality of the included studies. Results: Out of 219 studies screened, three RCTs reported mortality and ventilator-free days in 646 ALI/ARDS patients. Of the 646 patients, 334 (51.7%) received β 2 -agonist and 312 (48.3%) received placebo. There was no significant decrease in 28-days and hospital mortality in the β 2 -agonist group, RR (95% CI) were 1.04(0.50-2.16) and 1.22(0.95-1.56) respectively. The ventilator-free days and organ failure-free days were significantly lower for the ALI patients who received β2-agonists, MD= -2.19 days (95% CI=-3.68 to -1.99) and MD= -2.04 (95%CI= -3.74 to -0.35), respectively. Conclusions: In patients with ALI/ARDS, β2-agonists were not only non-beneficial in improving the survival, but were harmful and increased morbidity (reduced organ-failure free days and ventilator-free days).. The current evidence discourages the use of β 2 -agonist among ALI/ARDS patients. was used in a dose of 15 µg/kg/hr among 40 patients with ALI for 7 days. The results of this study suggested that the use of salbutamol could reduce extravascular lung water (EVLW). BALTI-1 was one of the first human studies, which evaluated the role β 2 -agonist had on lung water. 18 However, there was no statistically significance difference in the 28-days mortality (p = 0.4), among the β 2 -agonist and placebo group. A rise in the heart rate at day 4 was observed among the salbutamol group (103 ± 22) as compared to placebo group (88 ± 16) in the BALTI study (p=0.06). In addition, five patients on salbutamol had new onset of supraventricular tachycardia as compared to the two patients in the control group (p=0.2), requiring dose adjustment.


Sharka disease, caused by this virus (PPV) is one of the most serious viral diseases of stone-fruit crops, including peach (Prunus persica L.), apricot (P. armeniaca L.), plums (P. domestica L. and P. salicina Lindl.) as well as sweet and sour cherries (P. avium L. and P. cerasus L.) that may be systemically infected by a few unique PPV strains. The goal of this work is to evaluate a large number of local apricot varieties concerninhg the resitance to PPV, and using them on the valuable breeding programs, is an interesting perspective in limiting the spread of th is virus. In support of this idea we studied a large number of genotypes grafted on the mirobolan rootstocks and GF305 (considered indicator to PPV), that were previously artificial infected with PPV by chip budding. The rootstocks and the apricot varieties were tested by Elisa and RT-PCR.


With the popularity of mobile terminals, Quick response (QR) code, which acts as a convenient and quick way to transfer graphic information, has been widely used in various fields. QR code is a 2D matrix code which contains information in both vertical and horizontal directions. In order to promote the characters encoding efficiency, we propose the improved character encoding methods based on QR code. Specifically, we divide the types of encoding data into Chinese characters and non-Chinese characters, and thus optimizing their encoding methods separately: we apply the branch-bound algorithm to optimize the encoding pattern selection of QR code; as for Chinese characters, based on the Chinese characters use frequency generated by Url crawler system, we design a new encoding method for Chinese characters. Our approach has been shown to afford better experimental test results compared with traditional encoding methods of QR code.


Mineralogic and oxygen isotopic analyses were made of the fine-grained quartz and clay from 14 samples randomly selected from the cored sediments of Site 323. The main purposes of the study were to identify the modes of origin of the clay mineral components and to determine whether or not quartz was formed as a diagenetic reaction product in a typical, primarily detrital, deep-sea sedimentary sequence in which the temperature did not rise above 50°C. Recent work strongly suggests that in thick sequences of Tertiary sediments from the Gulf Coast, in which temperatures commonly exceed 50°C, quartz is formed as a diagenetic reaction product (Hower and Eslinger, 1973; Yeh and Savin, 1974). This diagenetic quartz probably forms from the silicon released by smectite layers in mixedlayer clays as they are converted to illite layers. While it comprises only a minor fraction of the total quartz in most Gulf Coast shales, this diagenetic quartz can constitute the major part of the clay-sized quartz of the rock.


This study presents a new reaction of cationic vinylidene complexes with Me3SiN3 (TMSN3), which yields N-coordinated nitrile complexes 3. Treatment of a ruthenium acetylide precursor containing indenyl and dppe ligands with a series of organic halides produced the corresponding vinylidene complexes 2 in good yield. Further reaction of 2 with TMSN3 at room temperature produced N-coordinated ruthenium nitrile complexes 3. Unlike the reaction of cyclopropenylruthenium complexes with TMSN3, which yielded different products depending on the substituent at Cγ, the vinylidene complexes containing unsaturated bonds at Cδ yielded similar N-coordinated nitrile complexes. This transformation did not seemingly occur in the reaction of ruthenium vinylidene complexes containing Cp and PPh3 ligands with TMSN3. Deprotonation of these vinylidene complexes yielded cyclopropenyl or thermodynamic furylruthenium complexes, depending on the substitute at Cγ. Subsequent reactions of the cyclopropenyl or furylruthenium complexes with TMSN3 afforded different products.


Since topoi were introduced, there have been efforts putting mathematics into the context of topoi. Amongst known topoi, the topoi of sheaves or presheaves over a small category are of special interest. We have here as the base topos that of sheaves over a monoid [Formula: see text] as a one object category. By means of closure operators we then obtain categories of sheaves related to the right ideals of [Formula: see text]. These categories have already been studied but we give these categories a more thorough treatment and reveal some additional properties. Namely, for a weak topology determined by a right ideal [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], we show that the category of sheaves associated to this topology is a subtopos of [Formula: see text] (the presheaves over [Formula: see text]) and determine the Lawvere–Tierney topology yielding the same subtopos, which is the Lawvere–Tierney topology associated to the idempotent hull of the (not necessarily idempotent) closure operator associated to [Formula: see text]. We will then find conditions under which the subcategory of separated objects turns out to be a topos, and in the last section, we find conditions under which the category of sheaves becomes a De Morgan topos.


INTRODUCTION Hyaluronan-based intra-articular injections are now established as a first line of defense to treat joint pain. Their limited efficacy has spurred interest in adding biologically active compounds to treat joint diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered one of the ideal candidates because of their ability to form a variety of connective tissues and to modulate the microenvironment by secreting cytokines. However, the successful clinical application also lies in the effectiveness and efficacy of delivering cells into the diseased location and maintaining these cells in a viable and functional form in the joint after implantation. Among all the solid and viscous carriers investigated so far, hydrogels made from natural and synthetic substances have the advantage of delivering and releasing the cells in a more controlled manner. The objective of the present study was to characterize the cellular response of MSCs to a novel, in situ crosslinking, hyaluronic acid based hydrogel and to determine the suitability of this hydrogel as a cell delivery carrier.


Computing Kostka numbers and Littlewood-Richardson coefficients remains of great interest in combinatorics, and Brian G. Wybourne was among the first people to design software -SCHURfor their computation. The efficiency of existing software -SCHUR, Stembridge package, LattE, Cochet's programsis generally constrained by the lengths or weights of partitions. This work describes another method, based on the hives model, applying distributed computing techniques to the determination of generating polynomials for stretched Kostka numbers and stretched Littlewood-Richardson coefficients. This method can be used to "quickly" find such polynomials, with the help (of a predefined subset) of the available computers of the Local Area Network. 1. Definitions A partition of a positive integer n is a way of writing n as a sum of nonincreasing integers. For example λ = (4, 2, 2, 1) and μ = (2, 1) are partitions of n = 9 and n ′ = 3 respectively. We write λ ` n and μ ` n ′ or |λ| = n and |μ| = n ′. The Ferrers diagram F λ associated to a partition λ = (λ1, λ2, ..., λp) consists of |λ| = n boxes, arranged in `(λ) = p left-justified rows of lengths λ1, λ2, ..., λp. Rows in F λ can be oriented downwards or upwards. F λ is called the shape of λ. If F λ contains F μ, then the skew diagram (or skew partition) λ/μ is the one obtained from F λ by deleting F μ. A semi-standard Young tableau of shape λ (SSY T λ) is a numbering of the boxes of F λ with entries from {1, 2, ..., n}, weakly increasing across rows and strictly increasing up (or down) columns. A tableau is standard (SY T λ) if all its entries are different. Skew tableaux are defined in an analogous way. For example, for λ = (4, 2, 2, 1) and μ = (2, 1), the Ferrers diagram F λ, the skew Ferrers diagram λ/μ, a semi-standard tableau and a standard tableau both of shape λ, and a standard skew tableau of shape λ/μ are as follows: · · · 1 2 2 5 2 4 3 6 5 1 3 4 9 2 6 5 8 7 · · 1 3 · 2 4 6 5 [Author and title] 2 A Symmetric Function is a function which is symmetric or invariant under permutation of its variables. f(xσ(1), xσ(2), ..., xσ(n)) = f(x1, x2, ..., xn) (1) where σ is any permutation of the symmetric group Sn. The Schur function sλ is the symmetric function defined as:


Objective To explore non-gestational diabetes pregnant women a huge child-related factors and perinatal outcome.Methods The childbirth non-pregnant women with gestational diabetes childbirth the huge children in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed childbirth without complications,maternal same period of normal weight children data were analyzed.Result Pregnant women palace,abdominal circumference,biparietal diameter ≥9.6 cm,femoral neck(L)≥7.6cm,abdominal circumference ≥ 37 cm,obesity,increased body mass≥20 kg difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P 0.05).The observation group cesarean bleeding after production,the occurrence of soft birth canal laceration,neonatal birth trauma,neonatal asphyxia compared with the control group sectional dif ference was statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion To strengthen the management of non-diabetic pregnant women,perinatal health,prenatal correctly forecast the the enormous children and select the appropriate mode of de livery of great significance to reduce the cesarean section rate and reduce the incidence of maternal complications.


Facing the characteristics for orbital truck,such as massive inertia,smooth starting and braking,selective positioning,and higher position accuracy,starting and braking control methods were introduced.The selective exact positioning control solution adopting variable speed adjustment technology was put forward.And the control methods were given in detail.The practice indicates that the method using soft starting and parking twice completely fulfills the control requirements for orbital truck.


Network intrusion detection plays a very important role in protecting computer network security. The abnormal traffic detection and analysis by extracting the statistical features of flow is the main analysis method in the field of network intrusion detection. However, these features need to be designed and extracted manually, which often loses the original information of the flow and leads to poor detection efficiency. In this paper, we do not manually design the features of the flow but directly extract the raw data information of the flow for analysis. In addition, we first proposed a new network intrusion detection model named the deep hierarchical network, which integrates the improved LeNet-5 and LSTM neural network structures, while learning the spatial and temporal features of flow. By designing a reasonable network cascading method, we can train our proposed hierarchical network at the same time instead of training two networks separately. In this paper, we use the CICIDS2017 dataset and the CTU dataset. The number and types of flow in these two datasets are large, and the attack types are relatively new. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed hierarchical network model is significantly better than other network intrusion detection models, which can achieve the best detection accuracy. Finally, we also present an analysis method for traffic features which has an important contribution to abnormal traffic detection and gives the actual meanings of these important features.


Dr.Zun's commentary, "An Issue of Equity of Care: Psychiatric PatientsMust Be Treated 'On Par'WithMedical Patients," illuminates key problems faced in the care of psychiatric patients treated in the emergency department setting (1). However, we would add that even in an emergency department where a successful effort has been made to develop a well-integrated psychiatric service and specialized resources, systemic issues outside the department contribute significant obstacles to the delivery of optimal patient care. Our perspective is from an academically affiliated urban safety-net hospital emergency department with a level 1 trauma center. The emergency department has more than 68,000 annual patient visits, 6,000 of which are seen in a dedicated psychiatric emergency service that is staffed at all times by a psychiatrist, a psychiatric resident, a nurse practitioner, and nurses, with support from social workers and chemical dependency counselors, working in a designated space with 10 individual patient rooms. The psychiatric emergency service employs a triage function to evaluate and transfer patients for appropriate ongoing care, and it can admit patients to available beds in the hospital's 61 inpatient psychiatric beds. The service canprovide immediate and short-term treatment, including initiationofmedications for medical and psychiatric conditions. Provision of excellent care of the psychiatric patient is well integrated in the entire emergency department. The mission statement for the hospital explicitly identifies mentally ill patients as a priority population. The training program for the emergency medicine residency includes rotations to the psychiatric emergency service. On-site chemical dependency assessments are performed by a chemical dependency counselor using a "screening, brief intervention, and referral for treatment" program. The emergency department has a high-utilizer program, with socialworker case managers and a consultant psychiatrist, focused on engagement and diversion from the emergency department to more appropriate outpatient resources. The hospital supports a community mental health center, and psychiatric emergency service providers can schedule follow-up appointments there to ensure that patients have ready access to outpatient care. As noted by Zun, emergency departments generally have limited advance notice of the arrival of psychiatric patients. At our facility, patients are seen on arrival by an emergency physician, who may then enlist the assistance of psychiatric colleagues before providing sedating agents. Patients are screened for acute medical conditions that may be causing or exacerbating the presenting psychiatric condition. Our emergency department staff cares for psychiatric patients with the same concern and professionalism as all other patients in the emergency department. Given the importance of obtaining an adequate history and ensuring continuity and coordination of care, the publicmental health system in our county requires onsite assessment by outpatient case managers for psychiatric emergency service patients enrolled inMedicaid-fundedmental health programs, and a crisis outreach


ntroducing the emerging college rankings and analysing recent changes occurred to the established ones,this paper uncovers the significance of college rankings to both universities as units and higher education as a whole.


Wallaman Falls in Girringun National Park is the highest, permanent, single-drop waterfall in Australia and is part of the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. Two short walks are available from Wallaman Falls, the Banggurru walk and the Djyinda walk. The camping area is adjacent to Stony Creek.


In Japan, it became mandatory for rear seat occupants to wear seatbelts as of 2008. This paper summarises the results of full car crash tests for rear seat occupants, and compares the kinematics and injury risk to belted and unbelted rear sear occupants in order to show the effectiveness of seatbelts. Full-width rigid barrier and offset frontal impact tests were conducted using Hybrid III fifth percentile female and 3-year-old dummies in belted or unbelted conditions in the rear seat. In both full and offset frontal tests, the injury measures of the belted fifth female and 3-year-old dummies in the rear seat were relatively low because contact with the car interior was prevented by the seatbelt, although the head injury criterion and the chest deflection of the fifth female dummy were relatively large. In the tests with the fifth female dummy not belted, its knees and head made contact with the front seatback and the head of the front seat dummy, respectively. Due to this impact by the fifth female dummy, the injury measures of the driver dummy became high. The unbelted 3-year-old dummy moved in the passenger compartment, making contact with several locations in the car. These test results were comparable with accident analyses that show high injury risks to the chest of belted rear seat occupants, and high injury risks to the head and lower extremities in unbelted rear seat occupants.


The microdistribution of five butterfly species through their flying season was analyzed in a mosaic-like habitat, brought about by secondary succession. In order to explain the patterns observed, activity patterns and the use and distribution of nectar sources were determined. Emphasis was laid on the changing allocation of visits to flower species and changing abundances of flowers during the season. The use of nectar sources was basically limited to three flower species, Centaureaa scabiosa, C. bracteata and Serratula tinctoria. As a consequence, niche breadth values were generally low and niche overlaps generally high. Some butterflies changed their patterns of flower visits during the season and therefore reduced niche overlap with the other butterfly species. The microdistribution of Melanargia galathea, Lysandra coridon, don, Ochlodes venatus and Lictoria achilleae was strongly influenced by the distribution of their preferred nectar sources as well as by areas generally rich in flowers. Changing flower preferences of Melanargia galathea and Lysandra coridon males during the course of the season were also expressed by changes in the correlations between the distribution of these butterflies and their nectar plants. The distribution of nectar sources was not found to be of importance for Coenonympha arcania, a species which rarely visited flowers


The menopause transition is marked by hormonal shifts leading to body composition changes, such as fat mass gain and lean mass loss. Weight‐bearing and resistance exercise can help maintain lean mass during the menopause transition; however, uptake is low. Preclinical research points to bisphosphonates as also being effective in preventing loss of lean mass. Thus, we sought to investigate whether bisphosphonate therapy can mitigate loss of lean mass and outperform weight‐bearing exercise in the years immediately following menopause.


Importance of the field: Telmisartan belongs to the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonizing class of antihypertensives, which are widely recognized and increasingly prescribed because of their good tolerability. Moreover, due to the results of the ONTARGET trial program, telmisartan was the first AT1 receptor antagonist to receive approval for the prevention of cardiovascular events in cardiovascular high risk patients, thereby, indicating that its clinical importance will further increase. Areas covered in this review: This article reviews the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of telmisartan with a special focus on novel pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug. What the reader will gain: An overview of the published data regarding the pharmacokinetic properties of telmisartan as well as a summary of the results from selected small exploratory and large clinical outcome trials involving telmisartan. Take home message: Telmisartan is a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of hypertension. Moreover, due to its good tolerability, an increasing use of telmisartan in cardiovascular high risk patients can be anticipated. This will grant further experimental and clinical research on AT1 receptor-independent pharmacodynamics of telmisartan as well as on telmisartan-related drug safety issues.


Those engaged in school restructuring can find direction in the philosophy of W. Edwards Deming, which has guided the operations of many American corporations. This paper provides an overview of Deming's Fourteen Points of Total Quality Management (TQM) and discusses their applications to education. To develop a successful TQM system, the school needs a clear plan of action for reaching longand short-term goals, staff training, quality improvement teams, management involvement, and continual assessment. Schools using TQM have reported improved test scores, reduced dropout rates, and curricular innovations. The principles of TQM have broad applications in education and have the potential to produce positive results. School improvement becomes a continual process that created an environment characterized by unity, change, and trust. (Contains 17 references.) (LMI) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** USING TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES TO IMPLEMENT SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT


The objectives of this study are to investigate (i) the association between governance practices and earnings quality (EQ) in family firms (FFs), (ii) the association between family culture and EQ in FFs and (iii) the moderation of governance practices on the association between EQ and family culture. Regarding the first two objectives, the findings show that the adoption of recommended governance practices and family culture relating to family involvement in management, ownership and social factors tends to increase EQ in FFs. Regarding the last objective, the results show recommended governance practices increase EQ in FFs with family involvement in management, ownership and social factors.


On the basis of the transient mass-spectrum analysis of CO2 gas dissociation for various input probe powers Pin, plasm alengths l, gas-flow velocities v and discharge currents Idis, the dissociation rate (1-δ) and dissociation factor ξ of a CO2 molecule are found to be modified in an open-cycle fast-axial flow (FAF) CO2 laser amplifier. The effective dissociation constant Deff related to (1-δ) is found to be corrected as a function of v and input probe irradiance Iin, and the dissociation-rate constant ad concerned with the dissociation factor ξ is found to be modified to be v-dependent, though these have been regarded as a constant in a sealed-off system. Furthermore, suction rate δf due to the difference in the evacuation rate between CO2 and CO or O2 is found to be taken into consideration in (1-δ). Corrections for Deff and αd are also qualitatively discussed. By using these corrected parameters, the small-signal gain γ0 is calibrated to explain experimental results satisfactorily.


This paper investigated the trends and variability in warmest daily maximum (TXx) and warmest daily minimum (TNx) air temperatures, and heatwave characteristics in Turkey in May during 1950–2020. It also analysed the climatological and synoptic meteorological evolutions of heatwave (HW) observed in May 2020. Trend analysis revealed significant increasing trends in TXx and TNx series and heatwave characteristics in May since 1950. Since the mid‐1980s, a continuously increasing trend in TXx and TNx series, and the number, frequency, and magnitude of the heatwaves were observed that accelerated with the mid‐1990s. The most severe heatwave in Turkey since 1950 in May was observed in 2020. The record‐breaking daily maximum (daily minimum) air temperatures were noted at 32 (23) of 96 stations in May 2020, mainly over Turkey's western and southern parts. Record‐high maximum (minimum) air temperature was 43.2°C (31.1°C) reached for the first time in May since 1950. The generalized extreme value model applied to the May TXx and TNx series revealed that the daily air temperatures in May 2020 exceeded 100 years' return periods at many stations of Turkey. This heatwave was linked to a regionalized strong anticyclonic blocking anomaly circulation and other associated atmospheric anomalies in May 2020. This also resulted in the centring of an unprecedented subsiding, calm, and stable warm air mass over Turkey. Adiabatic warming and drying developed very likely under subsidence control because of relatively weak circulation conditions. Such circumstances resulted in extremely hotter conditions in May 2020 compared to the long‐term averages.


In the near future, the driving task is going to be strongly modified, due to the implementation of telematic systems offering various functions and aiming to assist the driver. The effects of the implementation of these systems are currently under study, and will certainly be under investigation for some time, according to the novelty and the complexity of this new situation and the road safety issue. According to the results from two experiments (navigation/guidance system evaluation and hands-free car phone evaluation), the Driving Load Activity Index (DALI) seems to be a tool that enables the gathering of informative data about the mental workload for the driver. As for the NASA TLX, the principle is to investigate the mental load experienced subjectively by the drivers in various conditions. The ability to identify factors that take into account the specificity of the driving task is efficient and useful for the researcher. For these two experiments, results obtained from the DALI scores were confirmed by other data (drivers' comments, some objective data, expertises...), leading to the conclusion that this tool is an efficient one for research purposes. For the covering abstract see IRRD 896859.


Organizations and humans use distinctions in order to make sense of the world and to act in it. Technology opens a space of action-pathways, e.g., a CRM-System (Customer Relationship Management) defines the customers and constrains the way organizational actors (e.g., sales agents) deal with them. Thus, technology enables and constrains distinction making of organizational actors and by that influences organizational culture. It is well known that features of a technology are often used in unpredictable ways. Sometimes the whole set of features of a technology is used, sometimes only a subset. Sometimes features are even used in contrary ways than intended, and of course, sometimes a technology is not used at all. Thus, there exists an inevitable gap between (a) the possibilities of technology on one side, and (b) its organizational utilization (i.e., which distinctions actually become the norm in organizational practice) on the other. This transition from one to the other can be seen as an open process of "becoming" which eventually leads to a state of "being" (Patriotta, 2003, p. 202; Cooper & Law, 1995). But which organizational factors influence this transition? How come that the same technology is used in such a variety of ways in different organizations? How does technology become part of organizational practice? How does technology turn into an institutionalized "black box" (Patriotta, 2003, p. 179)? Existing research still lacks to explain the underlying processes from "becoming" to "being". Could the concept of organizational culture provide a better understanding of the underlying processes of this


Bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs) provide crucial information about solar magnetism. They exhibit varying morphology and magnetic properties throughout their lifetime, and studying these properties can provide valuable insights into the workings of the solar dynamo. The majority of previous studies have counted every detected BMR as a new one and have not been able to study the full life history of each BMR. To address this issue, we have developed Automatic Tracking Algorithm for BMRs (AutoTAB) that tracks the BMRs for their entire lifetime or throughout their disk passage. AutoTAB uses the binary maps of detected BMRs and their overlapping criterion to automatically track the regions. In this first article of this project, we provide a detailed description of the working of the algorithm and evaluate its strengths and weaknesses by comparing it with existing algorithms. AutoTAB excels in tracking even for the small BMRs (with a flux of ∼1020 Mx), and it has successfully tracked 9152 BMRs over the last two solar cycles (1996–2020), providing a comprehensive data set that depicts the evolution of various properties for each BMR. The tracked BMRs exhibit the well-known butterfly diagram and 11 yr solar cycle variation, except for small BMRs, which appear at all phases of the solar cycle and show a weak latitudinal dependence. Finally, we discuss the possibility of adapting our algorithm to other data sets and expanding the technique to track other solar features in the future.


The present invention, in as encoding the video signal to the MCTF scheme, as a candidate of the standard (reference) picture for coding the arbitrary picture as a predicted image, not only the picture is converted in the temporal decomposition process in the current level to the L picture current level and in the temporal decomposition use picture to be converted to H-picture. Thus, if the highest correlation with the current transformation of the previous frame image H-picture frame, the MCTF coding rate is improved because less image difference. MCTF, encoding, a reference picture, best jockey


insights and concepts from cognitive and neuroscientific disciplines (e.g. 4E cognition, predictive processing, joint attention, etc.), Kukkonen is just scratching the surface here given this work's primary focus on embodied cognition. At the same time, in demonstrating the extent to which readers' embodied minds were integrated into eighteenth-century fictions via fluid coupled systems, Kukkonen has argued persuasively for the value of bringing together the study of cognition with the study of literature and culture in future research.


We investigated blood flow responses in midcerebral (MCA), celiac (CA) and superior mesenteric (SMA) arteries, and forearm and fingerskin vasculatures. In seven subjects, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and blood flow variables were measured before, during and after Stroop color word test (CWT), which lasted for five minutes. Obtained data except for the MCA blood velocity was calculated minute‐by‐minute, and MCA blood flow was calculated every 15 s. ANOVA demonstrated that the MAP and HR significantly rose during CWT (75 ±3 vs. 89±6 mmHg; 57±3 vs. 69±7 bpm, at peak, p<0.05). CWT significantly decreased the forearm and skin blood flow (peak response; −37±9 %, −28±13 % from baseline in forearm and finger skin at the 3rd min), whereas it significantly increased blood velocity in the CA (37±3 vs. 47±6 cm/s at peak), and in the MCA during the initial 15 s of CWT from baseline (53 ±3 vs. 56±4 cm/s). There was no significant change in SMA blood velocity. These findings indicate differential vascular responses during mental tasks in humans. (JSPS #17700496 to NH and #18207019 to YF)


The(r_1,r_2,…,r_(4g+4h-1))-corona of the graphω_(4g,4h) is defined.The gracefulness of the(r_1,r_2,…,r_(4g+4h-1))-corona of the graphω_(4g,4h) is studied.The four different graceful labeling of(r_1,r_2,…,r_(4_g+4h-1))-coronas of the graphω_(4g,4h) are given.It also is proved that all of the(r_1,r_2,…,r_(4g+4h-1))-corona of the graphω_(4g,4h) are alternating graphs under four different graceful labeling respectively.


Romantic English literature – written at a time when prose fiction was predominantly a medium for sheer entertainment – is rooted in poetry. One or two novelists may exceptionally be granted the adjective "Romantic", but Mary Shelley is not ranked among them. For centuries, her work has been restricted to that section in handbooks reserved for exotic Gothic literature. This thesis argues that literary criticism has failed to recognize Frankenstein's obvious relation with the movement. The argument will be fostered by a brief look at such handbooks, and developed through the analysis of the imagery of the novel, so as to trace the Romantic elements there contained. The analysis relies mainly on the frame developed by Northrop Frye concerning the nature and function of imagery in literature. The concept of intertextuality will also be useful as a tool to account for the insertion of images in the novel, and for the novel's insertion within the Romantic context. The work is divided into three parts. The first contextualizes the main issues set forth by Frankenstein, establishing connections with the life of the author and with the Romantic movement. The second exposes the theoretical basis on which the thesis is grounded. The last presents my reading of the novel's web of images. In the end, I hope to validate the thesis proposed, that Frankenstein embodies the aesthetic and philosophical assessments of the English Romantic agenda, and therefore deserves to be situated in its due place in the English Literary canon as the legitimate representative of Romanticism in prose form. Key-words: English literature, Literary criticism, Mary Shelley, Romanticism, Imagery.


Heterogeneous C–N coupling of bromobenzene with aniline was investigated in flow conditions, with emphasis on kinetic evolution of the catalyst (1% Cu2O/support) deactivation. A kinetic model including parallel and sequential steps leading to the formation of three reaction products (diphenylamine, triphenylamine, and aminodiphenyl) has been established. It was found that the support is not inert in this reaction, and changing its composition induced the following order of catalytic activity: 1% Cu2O/Al2O3 > 1% Cu2O/TiO2 > 1% Cu2O/ZnO. Conversely, the resistance to deactivation varied in the reverse order. This was merely assigned to the nature of the interaction of copper with the catalyst support. Among these, Cu2O/TiO2 highlighted the best compromise between catalytic activity and resistance to deactivation. It was also found that a larger excess of aniline improved the selectivity in diphenylamine and enhanced catalyst (1% Cu2O/TiO2) resistance to deactivation. Structural characterization of these cat...


T he physician, scientist, and teacher whose memory we honor in this annual ceremony is Dr James B. Herrick. Several previous Herrick lecturers have reviewed selected contributions Herrick has made to medicine, and even his fondness for Chaucer. I, too, have selected highlights of Herrick's career, particularly his contributions to medicine, to emphasize how remarkably similar the problems that faced him and the field of medicine in the 1930s were to our own today. My insights into Herrick's contributions come from his books and papers, especially Memories of Eighty Years.1 Herrick was born in Oak Park, Ill, in 1861. In September 1878, he entered the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor as a student of literature. By the time of his graduation, however, he had chosen medicine as his lifework. Because Herrick's father had persuaded him to teach school before beginning his studies in medicine, for a short period he taught elementary Latin and Greek and one class of history. Herrick entered Rush Medical College in June 1885. He did well in medical school and obtained an internship at Cook County Hospital in Chicago, which had one of the most desirable training programs in the country. After Herrick completed his residency, he became an assistant to Dr Charles Earle, a practitioner on Chicago's West Side. Some of the many important lessons Herrick learned from Earle included the idea that two kinds of people require treatment: those who are sick and those who think they are sick. Earle also taught Herrick not to be afraid to face the revelations of the postmortem examination even though it might reveal an error in diagnosis. Earle believed that "the best doctors sign the most, usually not the fewest, death certificates." While working with Earle, Herrick also served as an assistant demonstrator of anatomy at Rush and taught at the Women's Medical College. After 1 year, Herrick left Earle's practice to begin work as an independent practitioner of medicine. As a private practitioner, Herrick continued to lecture at the Women's Medical College and make rounds at the county hospital. Like many of his colleagues, after several years of private practice, Herrick traveled to Europe, where he collaborated with the renowned


A numerical method for computing the sound field in a stratified, moving medium is described. The method also applies to moving sources. As suggested by Raspet et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 498–500 (1992)], the wave equation is Fourier transformed in both horizontal coordinates, and the solution in the transformed space then is found using vertical finite elements. It is more convenient to formulate the solution in terms of the velocity potential rather than the acoustic pressure or velocity. The finite elements are determined using a global matrix method similar to the well known SAFARI program. Computational resources limit the maximal range of the solutions.


Background: After the strict implementation of helmet rule the number of head injuries due to road traffic accidents has subsequently decreased, but injuries sustained to thoracic and abdominal regions are still on the rise. Because of their size and anatomical position, they are major regions of trauma in road traffic accidents. This post mortem study of profile of thoraco-abdominal injuries, type, pattern and nature of external and internal injuries involved, was an attempt to highlight the trends & pattern of thoraco-abdominal injuries in fatal road traffic accidents in Mangalore city. Material and Methods: Present study was a retrospective, autopsy-record based study of thoraco-abdominal injuries sustained in fatal road traffic accidents. Details of deceased individuals such as age, sex, information furnished by the police in the inquest papers (form 146 (i) & (ii)), autopsy findings, investigation reports if any and cause of death were noted in proforma. Results: During study period among 4271 cases 859 cases (20%) were due to road traffic accidents. Out of these 859 cases of road traffic accidents 247 cases (29%) sustained thoraco-abdominal injuries. 38.5% cases happened on city roads & pedestrians were most common victims (45.8%). Most common injuries were fractures of ribs (60%), followed by injuries to lungs (37%) cases and injuries to heart (23%). Crush injuries were observed in 6% of cases. There were 136 (55%) cases of internal abdominal injuries, most common organ injured was liver (38%), followed by spleen (17%) & abdominal wall (14%). Among the 247 cases, most common cause of death was head injury (47%) followed by thoraco- abdominal injury (20%), head injury and thoracic injury (8%), only thoracic injury (7%), abdominal injury (6%). Conclusion: Most fatal accidents were reported on city roads, in summer season and cause of death was head injury followed by thoraco-abdominal injuries. Ribs, lungs and Liver were the organs most commonly injured.


3-Dimensional (3D) Bioprinters use biomaterials to replicate parts that imitate the natural tissues, bones, and blood vessels. Hydrogels have been frequently preferred biomaterials in this technology, since they support cell proliferation due to their permeable structure that swells in water and resembles natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Photopolymerization-based hydrogel bioinks are suitable for bioprinting methods due to their advantages such as rapid gelation at room temperature, high printing accuracy and sensitive reaction process. Ultraviolet (UV) crosslinking method for photopolymerization during bioprinting is widely applied in extrusion based bioprinting as a simple and convenient method for obtaining covalently crosslinked hydrogels and provides effective control on the structure of hydrogels spatially and temporally. Since UV light can cause cell damage, the power density and duration of UV to which cells are exposed must be optimized for bioprinting and adapted to the system. In situ crosslinking is critical in photopolymerization-based bioprinting processes, and designing bioprinting systems in this way is crucial for cell viability and print accuracy. Another important issue for 3D Bioprinters is that printing takes place under sterile conditions. Although the bioinks used are prepared under aseptic conditions, a sterile environment is required during printing. The commonly used method is to sterilize the 3D Bioprinter with alcohol and UV, and then place the bioprinting process in a sterile cabinet. However, this takes time and hinders the workflow in busy laboratories. The aim of the study is to develop a sterilizable, low-cost 3D bioprinter with adjustable position, power density and exposure time UV source by a unique extruder head design for in situ bioprinting.


The slope stability situation surrounding the dam site area is very important to each correlative department during constructing hydroelectric power station. So it is important to enforce the high slope rock deformation monitoring, and to process and analyze the measuring data timely. Surface displacement of different height of slope were tracked and monitored based on the field investigation of a hydroelectric power station in Jinsha river. Deformation and the static stability of high slope were analyzed by utilizing rock deformation monitoring data. Taking the left-bank tailrace outlet slope of underground power station for example, we analyzed the slope stability by numerical simulation to obtain the characteristics of deformation and failure of slope. The time and space deformation distribution regularity of rock mass were summarized, the deformation, stress and failure of the studied slope were simulated. The results intuitively show the displacement distribution characteristics and slope plastic failure.


This article describes the careers of three pioneer female occupational psychologists: May Smith, Mary Boole Stott and Winifred Raphael (née Spielman). They were all born in the 19th century, graduated within the first two decades of the 20th century and began work as occupations were beginning to open up to women and there was growing interest in improving efficiency in the work place. None of them intended to embark on careers in occupational psychology – Stott remarks that there was no such thing when she graduated – but all three made substantial contributions to the field, and promoted its acceptance among employers and the wider public1.


In multipath video streaming transmission, the selection of the best vehicle for video packet forwarding considering the junction area is a challenging task due to the several diversions in the junction area. The vehicles in the junction area change direction based on the different diversions, which lead to video packet drop. In the existing works, the explicit consideration of different positions in the junction areas has not been considered for forwarding vehicle selection. To address the aforementioned challenges, a Junction-Aware vehicle selection for Multipath Video Streaming (JA-MVS) scheme has been proposed. The JA-MVS scheme considers three different cases in the junction area including the vehicle after the junction, before the junction and inside the junction area, with an evaluation of the vehicle signal strength based on the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), which is based on the multipath data forwarding concept using greedy-based geographic routing. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated based on the Packet Loss Ratio (PLR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and End-to-End Delay (E2ED) metrics. The JA-MVS is compared against two baseline schemes, Junction-Based Multipath Source Routing (JMSR) and the Adaptive Multipath geographic routing for Video Transmission (AMVT), in urban Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs).


The present invention relates to a food antioxidant element for refrigerator. Said antioxidant element includes ethylene absorbing agent which is placed in the storage space of refrigerator and is used for absorbing ethylene gas produced from the food stored in storage space and UV ray generation device placed adjacently to said ethylene absorbing agent. Said UV ray generation device can be used for producing UV ray to remove ethylene gas absorbed by ethylene absorbing agent.


As a part of O/H (Thirteenth Air Force, 1973), medical and psychological conditions of all repatriates were documented in the Initial Medical Evaluation Form (IMEF), a 400 page, 29 section, standard protocol. Berg and Richlin (1977a,b and c) described the procedures and findings of the medical teams that examined and treated Navy, Marine Corps, and Army RPWs at Clark Air Force Base (Republic of the Philippines) and at numerous stateside military medical treatment facilities. Where appropriate, information was also presented concerning symptoms and conditions which occurred during captivity (as described in the history section of the IMEF). There was no such similar report or publication from the Air Force.


Significance Colonization of land by plants was a critical event for the emergence of extant ecosystems. The innovations that allowed the algal ancestor of land plants to succeed in such a transition remain unknown. Beneficial interaction with symbiotic fungi has been proposed as one of these innovations. Here we show that the genes required for this interaction appeared in a stepwise manner: Some evolved before the colonization of land by plants and others first appeared in land plants. We thus propose that the algal ancestor of land plants was preadapted for interaction with beneficial fungi and employed these gene networks to colonize land successfully. Colonization of land by plants was a major transition on Earth, but the developmental and genetic innovations required for this transition remain unknown. Physiological studies and the fossil record strongly suggest that the ability of the first land plants to form symbiotic associations with beneficial fungi was one of these critical innovations. In angiosperms, genes required for the perception and transduction of diffusible fungal signals for root colonization and for nutrient exchange have been characterized. However, the origin of these genes and their potential correlation with land colonization remain elusive. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of 259 transcriptomes and 10 green algal and basal land plant genomes, coupled with the characterization of the evolutionary path leading to the appearance of a key regulator, a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, showed that the symbiotic signaling pathway predated the first land plants. In contrast, downstream genes required for root colonization and their specific expression pattern probably appeared subsequent to the colonization of land. We conclude that the most recent common ancestor of extant land plants and green algae was preadapted for symbiotic associations. Subsequent improvement of this precursor stage in early land plants through rounds of gene duplication led to the acquisition of additional pathways and the ability to form a fully functional arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.


It requires a lot of temerity to analyze in a few pages such a great and complicated topic as "The Study of Latin American History Today," especially if one is not Richard Morse. My only vantage point is a rather varied experience. A European historian, I am an autodidact in things Latin American. Since the late 1940s, I have visited and done some research in most of the countries of Latin America, and Spain. I have had the privilege of teaching Latin American history at five major United States universities during a total of five and a half years. At the present time I find myself once again in Europe. Thus I am familiar with the increased European interest in Latin American studies during recent years as well as with the various factors which still hamper us in our job. From the psychological point of view I have probably become a kind of mestizo, a Swedish-Latin-North American blend. Though at ease in any of three environments, I have the feeling of being to some extent an outsider even in the country of my birth. After this presentation-confession I shall first survey the current situation in broad terms. The second point will be to discuss the purpose of the study of Latin American history and finally, to recommend some norms of policy.