The purpose of this study is to reduce weight and to improve the mechanical properties of aircraft wing by using fiber metal laminates (FMLs). They are layered materials based on stacked arrangements of aluminum alloy layers and fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) layers. They have benefits over both aluminum and fiber reinforced composites. In this study, seven layers consist of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy reinforced by carbon and glass fibers bonded using blend of epoxy-novolac as adhesion, were used to produce the Carbon Glass Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (CAGRALLs) as FMLs. The mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, impact and fatigue) of CAGRALLs are experimentally investigated. The results revealed that CAGRALLs give good mechanical properties because of increasing in tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus, elongation at fracture, flexural modulus and impact toughness except flexural strength comparing than Carbon with Glass Reinforced Aluminum (CACAGRALLs) and Carbon with Jute Reinforced Aluminum (CAJURALLs) using epoxy. The increasing in layers led to weaken adhesion between layers of FMLs that led to decrease almost mechanical properties. The fabricated CAGRALLs showed higher fatigue strength than Aramid Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (ARALL) and lower density than aluminum alloy 2024-T3 and steel that used in manufacturing of aircraft wing.


Petrochemical construction enterprise always is a trade which industrial accident often happens in , therefore, it is necessary that HSE management be implemented. Primary steps building up HSE management system were discussed in construction enterprise.


BACKGROUND
Percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) has become popular as a minimally invasive technique in the treatment armamentarium of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis requiring intervention. It obviates surgery and its attendant morbidity in a considerable number of patients in this setting.

AIM
The aim of the study was to examine whether PCD upfront avoids surgery in a cohort of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis requiring intervention, and to identify factors predicting its failure.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed demographic, clinical, and perioperative details of patients with severe acute pancreatitis from January 2009 to December 2011. Of 40 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis admitted to the surgical gastroenterology unit at our institute, 23 patients requiring PCD or surgical intervention were included in this study. Patients with successful and failed PCD were compared to identify factors predictive of failure of PCD. We also compared patients undergoing open necroseotomy with those undergoing PCD upfront, and open necrosectomy in terms of major complications including death.

RESULTS
. Surgery was avoided in 7/23 (30%) patients with necrotizing pancreatitis who underwent PCD upfront. Higher APACHE II score (p=0.003) and extent of intrapancreatic necrosis (> 50%, p=0.03) were statistically significant predictors of failure of PCD. Although the complications were not different in patients undergoing PCD upfront followed by surgery, they had lower APACHE II and SOFA scores after PCD and had resolution of organ failures.

CONCLUSIONS
PCD obviates surgery or acts as a temporizing measure in a significant number of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. APACHE II scores and extent of intrapancreatic necrosis are principle factors determining success of PCD.


Canadian health care costs are unsustainable and are among the highest in the world. A greater focus on system-level initiatives is needed, and recognizing physician wellness as a quality indicator for health care delivery may be part of the solution. Physicians' psychosocial health is a significant cause for concern and has been directly tied to patient outcomes. However, suicide rates among physicians are approximately 2.5 times those of the general population and burnout rates are twice those of other workforces. Investing in physician health programs (PHPs), specifically the components dealing with psychosocial issues, is one way to make medicare sustainable. Further, greater provincial government support of national guidelines for the formation of PHPs is needed. This commentary focuses on these background issues and suggests a path toward a more sustainable health care strategy focusing on physician well-being.


Computer i he rail transportation industry has always been very safety conscious, given the potential for a catastrophic system failure. And the replacement of traditional relay-based systems with microprocessor-based control systems over the past two decades has made it all the more important to prove software correctness. At the same time, competitive pressure has led to the increased use of COTS (commercial, off-the-shelf) equipment in safety-critical systems, making it imperative that we extend proven safety techniques to COTSbased systems as well. To this end, we have developed the Vital Framework W-Frame), which is used to develop a safety-critical platform from COTS hardware and software. The key technologies in this framework are formal methods, information redundancy, a proprietary data format, and a concurrent checking scheme. Combining these technologies results in a real-time, checkable correctness criterion that is a signature of the application's algorithm structure and is independent of both the hardware and the operating system. V-Frame's most significant attribute is that the fail-safe properties of applications do not require the firmware to be correct: The application will operate in a fail-safe (or vital) manner even if there are design faults in the operating system and/or the hardware fails. This does not mean that the application does not have to be correctly specified and designed. Formal methods are appropriate in the design of safetycritical COTS systems because a generic processing environment is analogous to a formal system: It is designed to applywell-defined transformation rules to inputs.


The 13C n.m.r. spectra of 2-arylaminothiazoline, -thiazine and -thiazepine derivatives, and also those of some N-substituted isomeric pairs were recorded and assigned. The structure of the individual isomers, which as a result of contradictory spectroscopic data had earlier been ambiguous, was established. In addition, the tautomeric structure of some N-unsubstituted compounds was determined.


This course has a dual purpose. First we review the successes of the weak‐coupling BCS theory in describing new classes of superconductors discovered since 1979. They include the heavy‐fermion superconductors, organic superconductors, high‐Tc cuprate superconductors, Sr2RuO4 etc. Second, we present the quasiclassical approximation introduced by Volovik, which we extend to describe the thermodynamics and the thermal conductivity of the vortex state in nodal superconductors. This approach provides the most powerful tool in identifying the symmetry of the energy gap function Δ(k) in these new superconductors.


The paper focuses on continuous models derived from a discrete microstructure. Various continualization procedures that take into account the nonlocal interaction between variables of the discrete media are analysed.


This paper reviews the carbon cycle from the point of view of past and present human influence. Potential future human input to the cycle through science and technology to manage atmospheric greenhouse gas are considered. The review suggests that humans will need to ingeniously exploit even more energy to integrate its use with control of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Continuing development and application of energy is essential if the development of human society is to be sustained through the coming centuries. The continuing development of nuclear energy seems an essential energy supply component.


The paucity of field-based glacier measurements in the high Himalayas limits our understanding of the temporal and spatial patterns of glacier dynamics and the sensitivity of glaciers to climate variability. While there is some information on decadal changes in glacier extents in the Himalayas, there still remains a gap in glacier parameters such as hypsometry, size distribution and termini elevations. Moreover, the influence of the South Asian monsoon on the response of glaciers to climatic changes is not well understood. Here we compare and contrast present day glacier characteristics in two glacierized areas of the Himalayas: (1) Khumbu ( 27.78°N, E 86.54oE ) in the Nepal Himalaya and 2) Sikkim (27.33oN and 88.62oE ) in the Indian Himalaya. These regions were selected to capture a wide variability of glacier topography and debris cover, as well as the pronounced influence of the Asian monsoon. Glacier mapping techniques include: semi-automated algorithms using ASTER and Landsat ETM imagery combined with SRTM data; a decision tree for debris-cover delineation based on visible, near infrared and thermal data combined with morphology; field-based observations (groundbased photography using a GPS-enabled camera); GPS data and meteorological records. We focus on: frequency distribution of glacier area; changes in termini elevations; hypsometry changes over time; glacier topography (slope, aspect, length/width ratio); debris cover characteristics and decadal precipitation and temperature trends. The goal is to apply the results of this new inventory towards assessing the contribution of glaciers to streamflow runoff using area-distributed processes and degree-day methods that we developed for the Nepalese Himalaya.


Coupled with the speeding up pace of life and the aggravating burden of society,family and psychology,the incidence of gastric ulcer,the common clinical illness,is rising gradually.The effective Western Medicine treatment has side effects,and the recurrence after discontinuation is 50% above,while the sound,effective,and unique differentiation system of Traditional Chinese medicine focuses on analyzing the cause of gastric ulcer by the etiology and pathogenesis,and guiding the clinically relevant treatment.Research found that the main cause of gastric ulcer nowadays is qi difficiency,phlegm and blood stasis etc.While we pay attention to regional and social factors in the diagnosis and treatment,more attention should be paid to work environment and living habits,such analysis of individual factors can reach twice the result with half the effort.


In this paper is shown the development of a low cost prototype that allows the visualization of meteorological images though the acquisition and the processing of a signal in Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) format, which is transmitted by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar orbit satellites. The deployment of the system is based on Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology, and for signal processing has been used the GNU Radio toolkit. The whole system is built with open-source hardware and software.


PURPOSE: To remove a large structure cross and to provide long-term stability by fixedly welding a metallic tube piece which holds a lens to a supporting body after first adjustment in metallic fixtures and, after that, welding the metallic tube piece to the metallic fixtures in a dot-state by means of a plurality of continous steps. CONSTITUTION: A spherical lens 2 is fixed to the end surface of the metallic tube piece 3 which is formed to be thin and the metallicaly made fixtures 4 is covered on the metallic tube piece 3. The metallic fixtures 4 is adjusted so as to permit the metallic tube piece 3 providing the lens 2 to obtain optimum incident light in the anterior part of a laser diode 1 and, after that, is welding- fixed onto a supporting body 5 in the form of plurallaser welding places 7. Then, the lens 2 providing the metallic tube piece 3 is adjusted with the help of a fastening insertion holder 6 and the matallic tube piece 3 is fixed to a metallic film 4 by the laser welding places 8. Thus, high optical connection efficiency is guaranteed by correct adjustment and also long-term stability is guaranteed by mechanically stable and strong connection. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


According to the "stylized facts"characteristic of financial asset returns, combining Copula functions, Extreme Risk Theory and SV model, this paper constructed the risk measurement model which could reflect both the characteristics and the correlation structure of the financial asset returns. The combination of Monte Carlo simulations was applied to measure the portfolio risks. Empirical studies of the Oriental Strategy growth fund were carried out. The results show that marginal distribution function selection and Copula marginal distribution choice have impact on portfolio risks. By comparing different risk measurement models that have different marginal distributions and Copula functions, we find that the T-Copula-SV-T-EVT model is more superior while test indicates this model can both effectively and reasonably measure financial market risks.


The sports powerful nation is the party and the government the brandnew request which proposed after the Olympic Games time's sports development.After reviewing the historical course which the sports powerful nation proposed;To analyzed the society,the times,the sports background,And discriminated the sports powerful nation concept;They thought that grasps the sports powerful nation connotation already to take President Hu Jintao's 9.29 speech as the important explanation text,but should suitable the current time development the main body melody,inquires into the text not name and the actual implication latent meaning;Finally has carried on the discussion to the sports powerful nation appraisal's nature standard.


In order to improve the quality of the simplified mesh model, this paper proposes an algorithm that takes advantage of the vertex vision importance to simplify the mesh based on quadric measurement error. It adopts visual importance of vertex factor, the curvature at the vertex and the texture error factor in the cost function to control the sequence of half-edge collapse, which is usable to retain good visual characteristics of the original model in the simplify process. Through experimental comparison and analysis, it shows that the algorithm is effective in improving the quality of the simplified model and can maintain some good visual characteristics of the original model.


In this project, we propose an enhancement and analysis of transport control protocol friendly rate control (TFRC) for real-time data application (audio/video). Traditionally, real-time data transmission has been accomplished over the user datagram protocol (UDP). The challenging issues of using transport control protocol (TCP) are restrictive bandwidth and lagging. Additionally, it is widely known that TCP is ill-suited to real-time multimedia streaming application. Having known these issues, this project aims to study the possibilities for analysis and improvement of real-time data application using TFRC which is designed for long-lived streams. As known, there are many advantages of TFRC, which are congestion control and guaranteeing the required throughput. Therefore, this project explores and proposes the advantages of TFRC in transmitting and receiving real-time data which currently uses UDP. It is proposed that the investigation of TFRC in real-time data is conducted using simulation technique. During the simulation, the developed model is representing the real-time application for analyzing the performance of modified TFRC. The simulation study of this project is to analyze and evaluate some of restraint issues for real-time data application to use TFRC. As a solution, a few suggestions are discussed to overcome stated problem and make comparison and evaluation, which are aimed to get results about better performance between enhanced TFRC and UDP in terms of streaming real-time data.


Alcoholic solvents, especially methanol, show an activating affect for heteropolyacids in homogenously catalysed glucose transformation reactions. In detail, they manipulate the polyoxometalate‐based catalyst in a way that thermodynamically favoured total oxidation to CO2 can be completely supressed. This allows a nearly 100 % carbon efficiency in the transformation reaction of glucose to methyl formate in methanolic solution at mild reaction conditions of 90 °C and 20 bar oxygen pressure. By using powerful spectroscopic tools like 51V‐NMR and continuous wave EPR we could unambiguously prove that the vanadate‐methanol‐complex[VO(OMe)3]n is responsible for the selectivity shift in methanolic solution compared to the aqueous reference system.


Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: "Direct Elections" for Township Executives Chapter 3: "Inner-Party Democracy" and the Experiments of Direct Elections for Township Party Secretaries Chapter 4: Another Form of "Inner-Party Democracy": The Party Congress Reform Chapter 5: The Experiments with "Deliberative Democracy" Chapter 6: A Reform Instigated from the Outside of the Bureaucratic System: Independent Candidates in China's Local Congress Elections Conclusion Bibliography Index


THE INVENTION CONCERNS AMBIENTALLY TEMPERATURING SINGLE-TEMPERATURE ORGANOPOLYSILOXANIC COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING AS A CROSSLINKING AGENT FOR SILANES WITH HYDROCARBONOYLOXY (ACYLOXY) OR KETONIMINOXY. GROUPS ARE CHARACTERIZED IN THAT CATALYST FOR CROSSLINKING IS AN ORGANIC DERIVATIVE OF TITANIUM (TITANIC ESTERS, SILYL OR NOT, POLYTITANOXANE, ALANOLAMINE TITANATE ...) OR AN ORGANIC DERIVATIVE OF ZIRCONIUM (ZIRCONATES, POLYZIRCONATES ...). CES AFTER CROSS-LINKING COMPOSITIONS DRIVE ORGANOPOLYSILOXANIC ELASTOMERS WITH GOOD PROPERTIES.


> We talked about his trains:
>
> HO and N gauge, and even Z
>
> which is two hundred twenty times smaller
>
> than the real Santa Fe he rode as a kid
>
> and is now too small to paint in his withered, shaking hands
>
> that swell on a sunny morning before
>
> the next day of surprise showers


6558Background: Minority populations are underrepresented in biospecimen banks created for cancer research, which has implications for future therapeutic approaches. Patients' reluctance to donate ...


Large migration from rural areas to urban areas like Kuala Lumpur has led to some implications for economic, social and cultural development. This high population has placed enormous demand on the existing housing stocks, especially for low-income groups.  However, some issues arise, one of which is overheated indoor air temperature. This problem contributes to the high-energy usage that forces huge sums of money to be spent on cooling the house by using mechanical equipment. Therefore, this study focuses on thermal comfort in social housing, and incorporates traditional values into its design to achieve a certain measurement of natural ventilation in a house. From the study, the carbon emission and energy consumption for an air-conditioned house is 67%, 66% higher than a naturally ventilated house. Therefore, this research has come up with a new typology design, which has a large exposed wall area and full-length openings on the opposite walls to increase cross ventilation. At the end of this research, the measurement of thermal comfort for a naturally ventilated building called 'Air House' has been identified.


Given the circularity of the witchcraft complex in Africa, given its performative potential, isn't the flood of anthropological publications on the topic counter-productive insofar as it feeds what it pretends to analyse, and even stigmatize? Wouldn't the social scientists be well advised not to emulate the media and the Evangelical preachers and to avoid bestowing on Africa the dubious privilege of being no more than a shadow theatre devoid of substance on the stage of which everything ? power, work, production, economy, the family ? would actually be played in the occult? In this publication, eight scholars ? namely: Jean-Pierre Warnier, Didier Peclard, Julien Bonhomme, Patrice Yengo, Jane Guyer, Joseph Tonda, Francis Nyamnjoh and Peter Geschiere ? engage in a lively and contradictory debate on witchcraft/sorcery in Africa in a controversial historical context.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the role of chidamide in the regulatory mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 immune escape signaling pathway in peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

METHODS
Jurkat cell line was treated with different concentrations of chidamide. The changes of PD-L1 and JAK/STAT pathway gene mRNA expression and PD-L1 protein expression on cell surface were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and flow cytometry after treatment.

RESULTS
Chidamide upregulated PD-L1 mRNA expression in Jurkat cell line in a dose-dependent manner (r=0.989). The mRNA expression of PD-L1 in 5.0 μmol/L group was 15.4 times higher than that in the control group. The proportion of PD-L1 positive cells in Jurkat cell line was less than 0.5%. Chidamide upregulated PD-L1 protein expression on Jurkat cell surface. Chidamide upregulated the mRNA expression of JAK2, STAT1 and STAT3 in Jurkat cell line. The level of up-regulation was obvious in high concentration group (5.0 μmol/L group). Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3, the negative regulatory genes upstream of the JAK/STA T pathway, were up-regulated.

CONCLUSION
In peripheral T-cell lymphoma, chidamide may up-regulate the expression of cell surface PD-L1 and induce T-cell chemokines by upregulation of STAT1 expression, thus improving the reaction rate of PD-1 monoclonal antibody and T-cell toxicity.


Wireless body area network (WBAN) is most useful network due to its healthcare applications. The reliability is the major issue of concern in WBAN as highly prioritized signals are sent by using this network. The WBAN must cover the maximum body with minimum number of nodes for the efficient processing of the data sensed. This paper discusses a reliable optimized WBAN protocol named as Jaya based Optimized And Reliable protocol (JOAR) which covers the maximum body with minimum nodes and route the data in an efficient manner. The proposed protocol uses the JAYA algorithm for the optimization process. The comparison of the routing protocol with other existing state of art techniques like anthocnet, AODV and DSDV proves its significance.


Thetractor-model washing systemisusually usedinthetechnical process ofmaintenance forthevehicles inurbanmasstransit systemanditsefficiency islower. On thebasisofstudyandinvestigation, a self-traction model system hasbeendeveloped. After avehicle setisdriven byits motorstogothrough thewashing section andthetrainset stopped atcertain place, themobilerobotic platform will movetothevehicle setbyits twopropulsive wheels driven by VVVF (variable speedandvariable voltage) inverter. The washing motionofshape-adaptation andthesynchronized drive ofrobotic platform areimplemented byneutral cell self adaptive algorithm and Cross-Coupling Control(CCC) algorithm. A variable quantity watercontrol algorithm is designed forthegoalofenergy-saving andwater-saving. Several-year actualrunningshowsthatitcan work effectively anddurably. IndexTerms-Automatic washing system forurbanmass transit vehicles; self-traction; robotic mobile platform


Castellated beam is a steel structure with holes in the web of I-section steel beam after a certain process. Castellated beam has the characteristics of steel saving, high bearing capacity and attracitve appearance, which has been widely used in practical engineering. However, due to the existence of eccentricity in practical engineering, castellated beam always supports the joint action of bending moment and tortion at the same time which makes the occurence of unstable failure before the strength failue. Domestic and foreign scholars on the research of the beam condition of bending and torsion are mostly based on plain girder. In addition, on the basis of it, this paper has combined the finite element software ABAQUS to calculated the critical moment of Hexagonal hole castellated beams under the situation of different eccentricity, different pore ratio and hole spacing,which give the influence trend of each influence factor ,so as to be referenced in the design of castellated beam.


At the Paul Scherrer Institute, the control system configuration is done in a uniform way for all large research facilities. To achieve this, a set of tools has been developed. This paper describes methodologies and processes used for the control system configuration


Multithreaded programs are notoriously prone to unintended interference between concurrent threads. To address this problem, we argue that yield annotations in the source code should document all thread interference, and we present a type system for verifying the absence of undocumented interference in Java programs. Under this type system, well-typed programs behave as if context switches occur only at yield annotations. Thus, well-typed programs can be understood using intuitive sequential reasoning, except where yield annotations remind the programmer to account for thread interference.
 Experimental results show that yield annotations describe thread interference more precisely than prior techniques based on method-level atomicity specifications. In particular, yield annotations reduce the number of interference points one must reason about by an order of magnitude. The type system is also more precise than prior methods targeting race freedom. Moreover, yield annotations serve to highlight all known concurrency defects in our benchmark suite.


Abstract Rat thymocytes, isolated from 13- to 19-day-old animals, responded to insulin with an increased influx of α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). Insulin was effective at 1 nm; the half-maximal response was 40 nm, and a maximal response was seen at 1 µm. Biologically inactive insulin derivatives as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone and glucagon were without effect. 125I-Insulin bound specifically to rat thymocyte receptors and was displaced by unlabeled insulin at 1 nm. The insulin concentration that produced half-maximal displacement of 125I-insulin was 20 nm, and complete displacement was seen at 1 µm. Other hormones or inactive insulin derivatives had trivial effects. Insulin increased AIB influx by both raising the maximal influx capacity (Jmax) and lowering the concentration of AIB at which influx was half maximal (Km); insulin did not affect AIB fractional efflux. The full effect of insulin on influx was not immediate; rather, stimulation of influx increased linearly with time. Cycloheximide both inhibited basal AIB influx and reduced the response to insulin. Insulin had only a small effect on [14C]leucine incorporation into cellular proteins and had no effect on the uptake of 3-O-methylglucose. The data suggest that (a) insulin stimulation of AIB transport on rat thymocytes correlates in sensitivity and specificity with 125I-insulin binding to receptors, and (b) insulin stimulation of AIB influx may be mediated by changes in synthesis or degradation of the AIB transport apparatus.


Solar cells have been the queen of alternative renewable energy for the earth. From silicon-based solar cells to the new generation of perovskite-based solar cells, the choice and performance of the materials of the corresponding cells are still the focus of research interest. Amongst, photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cells trigger the use and exploration of nanomaterials to boost their cell's performance. This short review focus on the development of nanomaterials used for PEC, from nanoparticles to the one-dimensional titanium dioxide (titania) such as nanofibers and nanotubes, as well as the hybrid system with the perovskite halide. The search for light-harvesting materials is also included especially natural dyes. The review ends with a strategy to marry the natural dyes' potential with the sophisticated structure of nanomaterials to result in an efficient natural dyes PEC solar cells.


Localized patterns in singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion equations typically consist of slow parts, in which the associated solution follows an orbit on a slow manifold in a reduced spatial dynamical system, alternated by fast excursions, in which the solution jumps from one slow manifold to another, or back to the original slow manifold. In this paper we consider the existence and stability of stationary and travelling localized patterns that do not exhibit such jumps, i.e. that are completely embedded in a slow manifold of the singularly perturbed spatial dynamical system. These 'slow patterns' have rarely been considered in the literature, for two reasons: (i) in the classical Gray–Scott/Gierer–Meinhardt type models that dominate the literature, the flow on the slow manifold is typically linear and thus cannot exhibit homoclinic pulse or heteroclinic front solutions; (ii) the slow manifolds occurring in the literature are typically 'vertical', i.e. given by u ≡ u 0, where u is the fast variable, so that the stability problem is determined by a simple (decoupled) scalar equation. The present research concerns a general system of singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion equations and is motivated by several explicit ecosystem models that do give rise to non-vertical normally hyperbolic slow manifolds on which the flow may exhibit both homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits that correspond to either stationary or travelling localized slow patterns. The associated spectral stability problems are at leading order given by a nonlinear, but scalar, eigenvalue problem with Sturm–Liouville characteristics and we establish that homoclinic pulse patterns are typically unstable, while heteroclinic fronts can either be stable or unstable. However, we also show that homoclinic pulse patterns that are asymptotically close to a heteroclinic cycle may be stable. This result is obtained by explicitly determining the leading order approximations of four critical asymptotically small eigenvalues. By this analysis, that involves several orders of magnitude in the small parameter, we also obtain full control over the nature of the bifurcations—saddle-node, Hopf, global, etc—that determine the existence and stability of the (stationary and/or travelling) heteroclinic fronts and/or homoclinic pulses. Finally, we show that heteroclinic orbits may correspond to stable (slow) interfaces in two-dimensional space, while the homoclinic pulses must be unstable as localized stripes, even when they are stable in one space dimension.


Sea ice is an important factor in controlling the ocean–atmosphere energy exchange in polar regions, and has an important impact on climate. This is because sea ice insulates the relatively warm ocean from the cold winter atmosphere, and has a higher surface albedo than the ocean. In this study the effect of sea-ice transport on the energy exchange between the atmosphere and ocean, and thus on climate, is examined using a coupled energy-balance climate–thermodynamic sea-ice model. Transport of sea ice produces a thinning of the zonally annually-averaged sea ice in the poleward-most zones, and an extension of the ice edge equatorward. Thinning of the poleward-most ice produces an increase in the annual sensible heat flux from the ocean to the atmosphere, which produces an increase in the mean annual atmospheric temperatures. Sensible heat flux is decreased in the zones that contain the ice edge. However, warming in the poleward-most zones produces an increased meridional energy convergence at the ice edge that offsets the decrease in the sensible heat flux to the atmosphere, resulting in a net warming.


The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction industries are allocated 40–60% of the worldwide raw material extraction. Construction waste accounts for a significant share of the total waste volume. Therefore, careless handling reduces natural resources and waste deposits (landfills). Furthermore, material reuse and recycling can reduce resource and energy consumption and environmental emissions in some cases. Waste management concepts in the fields of Architecture, Engineering, and Construction are increasingly in the European Union and worldwide focus. A circular economy can be seen as a system in which resource input, waste, emission, and energy leakage are minimised due to closed material loops. Therefore, implementing a consistent Circular Economic requires a holistic approach in which material, emissions, and energy are put into context. This paper aims to analyse dismantling, recovery, and recycling processes and link relevant parameters to assess material sustainability. The technical effort must be made, and the associated costs are compared with the influence of eco-indicators. Furthermore, the data required can be used for the following three areas: Facilitating demolition planning and on-site waste management; resource management at the local/regional/state level; and governmental tax mechanisms.


Classical enterobacterial strains are sensitive to the working concentrations of pervomur, dioxydine, resorcinol, sodium sulfacyl, iodopyrone, chlorhexidine and boric acid, resistant to the action of cetyplyridinium chloride, rivanol, roccal and ethonium. In enterobacterial populations strains with acquired resistance to chloramine B, iodopyrone, chlorhexidine and resorcinol are present. Hospital strains of enterobacteria are characterized by higher, in comparison with extrahospital strains, resistance to ethonium, sodium sulfacyl, lodopyrone, chloramine B and resorcinol.


The effect of Forane on epinephrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias was tested in dogs by comparing it with halothane and fluroxene. The doses of epinephrine necessary to produce two or more premature ventricular contractions at 1.25 and 2.0 MAC and at Paco2's of 20, 40, and 80 torr were determined. Only 14 to 22 per cent as much epinephrine as in the awake state was needed to produce arrhythmias during halothane anesthesia. The amounts of epinephrine which induced arrhythmias during fluroxene and Forane anesthesia did not differ from the values in awake animals, With Forane, production of arrhythmias required progressively more epinephrine as Paco2 increased. With halothane and fluroxene, the same trend was present, but it was not significant. As depth of anesthesia increased, more epinephrine was needed to produce arrhythmias with all agents tested.


Leak Before Break (LBB) is investigated for the secondary sodium pipes including bends & Tees of 500 MWe capacity Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR). The structural material for the piping is austenitic stainless steel type SS 316LN. LBB analysis is carried out as per the French Assessment Procedure A16 [1995]. By theoretical analysis, LBB argument is justified for the pipe diameters above 250 mm. A systematic approach is adopted for validating the results. Crack propagation tests were conducted on a typical large size prototype Tee of secondary sodium piping, subjected to pressure plus in-plane bending moment. The important results obtained from the test are asymptotic crack length (Cs), crack length which can provide a guaranteed detectable leak (CL) and critical crack length (CG). These values are finally compared respectively with those obtained by applying A16. These experimental investigations have raised the confidence in applying A16 procedure for the LBB justification of PFBR piping in general and Tee in particular.


Topics discussed include replacement of betatron with a racetrack microtron, development of tomography, cineradiography, and flash x ray, and new applications of flash x ray.


The concentration of mould-specific IgG antibodies in serum may objectively indicate mould exposure and can help identifying exposed individuals. Although inhaled spores probably are the most important source of mould exposure, the commonly used methods for detecting mould-specific IgG antibodies are based on extracts from all mould components, with only low contribution from spores. We have developed a flow cytometric method using surface antigens on mould spores for quantifying mould-specific IgG antibodies in serum. Flow cytometric results were evaluated by comparison with ImmunoCap and ELISA measurements. The flow cytometric assay showed a broad linear dose-dependency and correlated moderately to strongly (r=0.41–0.97) with ImmunoCap and ELISA measurements. The IgG antibody binding was studied in detail by immunolabelling in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing that morphology and IgG antibody binding differed among spores, both within and between mould strains. Germination studies by flow cytometry and SEM showed that IgG antibody binding to mould spores was altered during germination due to loss of coat. The present spore based antibody assay are simple and suitable for quantification of mould-specific IgG antibodies in serum, and includes specificity to other and possibly more relevant antigens than existing methods. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


PURPOSE: A high strength wire rod with excellent wire drawability and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to improve wire drawability and strength by preventing bainite generation. CONSTITUTION: A high strength wire rod with excellent wire drawability comprises carbon 0.6~1.0%, silicon 0.2~1.0%, manganese 0.3~1.5%, chrome 0.6~1.0%, oxygen less than 0.0015%, phosphorous less than 0.02%, sulfur less than 0.02%, nitrogen less than 0.02%, and residual Fe and inevitable impurities. The wire rod comprises pearlite more than 95% and bainite less than 5%. The interlamellar spacing in pearlite is less than 100nm.


I. Introduction[In the wake of Lopez,] [t]his is not the first occasion on which this Court has agonized over the propriety of the gambit of prosecuting criminal conduct which has historically and traditionally been prosecuted under the state system as a federal crime in order to maximize punishment.1The "agon[y]" of the Fifth Circuit played itself out in United States v. Hickman.2 After Hickman admitted to participating in a series of robberies in the Beaumont, Texas area, a federal jury convicted him of six separate violations of 18 U.S.C. [sec] 1951, also known as the Hobbs Act.3 In March 1997, the district court sentenced Hickman to 3,180 months imprisonment, or about 265 years.4 On appeal, Hickman claimed that the amounts he stole from the businesses "were fairly trivial or that the businesses themselves only had a minor role in interstate commerce."5 Hickman cited United States, v. Lopez6 for the proposition that the government must show that each robbery had a "substantial" effect on interstate commerce.7Before Lopez, a federal district court would have considered such an argument a non-starter. And even after Lopez, very few district courts engaged in serious discussion of re-examining the standard of review for interstate commerce claims.8 So when the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit stated that a "review of Supreme Court authority raises serious questions regarding whether aggregation principles can be used as the Commerce Clause jurisdiction hook under the Hobbs Act when the underlying crimes arise from a purely local crime spree,"9 the court signaled a new level of concern with interstate commerce issues as applied in federal criminal statutes. Unfortunately for Hickman, the Fifth Circuit declared itself bound by circuit precedent holding that the Government need only prove aggregation to establish the jurisdictional hook in a case involving such local conduct.10The Fifth Circuit found the facts in Hickman sufficiently disturbing to order an en banc rehearing, which is the only method for overturning such precedent in that circuit.11 A full sixteen-judge panel considered arguments during the rehearing, and on June 21, 1999, the Fifth Circuit issued its decision.12 The vote was a tie. Precedent stood. In his dissenting opinion, Judge Higginbotham bemoaned the "ad hoc and random use of the Hobbs Act" and the "dramatic reach of federal power."13 But without further guidance from the Supreme Court, such an argument could make little headway. Then came Jones v. United States .14 This Note addresses whether the circuit courts have used Jones correctly as a means to end judicial agonizing in cases like that of Masontae Hickman.In the years immediately following Lopez, there was an abundance of judicial teeth-gnashing in some circuits, but little actual change. In 2000, the Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Morrison15 helped dispel the notion that Lopez was simply a flash in the pan.16 However, it was not until the Court took up the case of Dewey J. Jones, accused of lobbing a Molotov cocktail into his cousin's home, that the circuit courts received guidance in the application of existing and regularly used federal criminal statutes.17 Given the strong language of Jones v. United States, the judicial ambivalence should have abated. Unfortunately, through stubborn adherence to traditional modes of jurisprudence, many circuit courts still refuse to heed the Supreme Court's call. This refusal to read the writing on the wall has left the circuits split over the proper scope and reach of several federal criminal statutes. As a result, the justice courts dispense through these laws remains uneven and possibly unconstitutional.This Note examines the effect of recent Supreme Court decisions on the application of federal criminal statutes to traditionally state-prosecuted crimes. Although this Note discusses the post-Lopez, pre-Jones wanderings of the circuit courts, the primary focus is an analysis of the current application of these federal criminal statutes. …


This article is based on a research at first conducted to identify the job and job holder profiles in the intermediate level modem machinery industry in order that the findings could be used as materials for recommendations in developing vocational school management. However, after the research was conducted for one year, it turned out that not only those profiles but also a comparison between the development of vocational school (VC) graduates' competence at work and that ofsenior high school (SHS) graduates', a relation between industry and school, and a competence-based evaluation system on technicians' performance were esta-blished. The research was conducted by using a qualitative method.At the beginning IPTN was chosen as the industrial componentj,ut under study. Afterwards, the findings were validated with those identified at eight other industrial components, namely, the in. dustrial companies PT Pindad, PT BharataBandung, PT Bharata Surabaya, PT BBI Surahaya, PT PAL Surabaya, PT Pindad Malang, PT Bharata Jakarta, and PT Tractor Jakarta The findings indicate that the job profiles in themodem machinery industry using the CNC milling machine show seven levels of difficulty. What is primarily demanded of the machine operator is an ability to give the machine instructions to do a job. After receiving the same apprentice education for two years, there is almost no difference in academic achievement and level of failure on the job between the two groups ofgraduates. However, in terms ofthe quantity ofrework done, the VC graduates are better than the SHS graduates. The rework done by the VC graduates has amounted to 27.8% while that done by the SHS graduates has amounted to 40.7%. Further, in terms of their awareness of the value of work and work ethos, the VC graduates are better than the SHS graduates because for the former working at such a job has been their intention since their entrance into vocational school while for the latter working together with the VC graduates has been only a result of their inability to enter a university to continue their education after graduating from SHS. After working together for three years, the two groups' competence at work is no longer colored by their educational background (VC or SHS) but by individual self-potential and managerial intervention. There is a relation between industrial and VS components, i.e., between the job profile and school curriculum, job holder profile and graduates' competence, industrial machinery profile and VS practice equipment, and job holder evaluation system and VS practice evaluation. Industrial machin ery operator achievement evaluation is based more on quality and speed of work


2531. Carson, S. S. et al. EFFECTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE IN THE MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT OF A TEACHING HOSPITAL: A COMPARISON OF 'OPEN' AND 'CLOSED' FORMATS. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1996, 276:322-328. Objective.-To compare the effects of change from an open to a closed intensive care unit (ICU) format on clinical outcomes, resource utilization, teaching, and perceptions regarding quality of care. Conclusions.-Based on comparison of actual to predicted mortality, changing from an open to a closed ICU format improved clinical outcome. Although patients in the closed ICU had greater severity of illness, resource utilization did not increase.


The extensive employment of mass methods for detection of tuberculosis, syphilis, diabetes and other diseases by official and voluntary health agencies has led quite logically to the idea that it might be advantageous to combine various diagnostic screening tests, instead of organizing separate campaigns, each with a single test. Thus, multiple screening proposes to provide a series of rapid, highly technical diagnostic facilities for large groups of adults, at low cost and, for the most part, at community expense. Various types of tests have been suggested for inclusion in the screening unit. They are conducted in series. Registration, chiefly for identification, is the first step, with a record of age, sex, marital status, weight and height. No detailed history is provided for. The blood pressure, diastolic and systolic, is taken. A urine sample is procured, to be tested for albumin, sugar, sediment and, perhaps, urobilinogen. A


Abstract This paper explores how the idea of climate change travels to the islands of Micronesia and how discourses are translated in radically different ways in local life-worlds. Building on long-term fieldwork in Chuuk, the paper first conceptualizes climate change as a 'travelling idea' which takes its departure to the islandscape of Oceania in 'Western' island conceptions of 'insularity' and feed the 'vulnerability trajectories' that turned the islands into the world's canary for the impact of climate change. It secondly examines why the issue of climate change remains a non-topic or a secondary aspect to many of the islanders, who are simultaneously put at the frontline in the global campaign against global warming.


The marine steam power system includes a large amount of thermal equipment; meanwhile, the marine environment is harsh and the working conditions change frequently. Operation management involves many disciplines, such as heat, machinery, control, electricity, etc. It is a complex multi-discipline physical system with typical nonlinear, multi-parameter, strong coupling characteristics. In order to realize the health management of a marine steam power system, based on digital twin technology combined with the Modelica language, modular modeling, etc., this paper conducts in-depth research on the multi-domain modeling of the marine steam power system, characteristic analysis of variable working conditions, fault simulation, etc. The analysis results show that the dynamic response trend of the model is consistent with the actual operation, the error of the main steam flow at 1800 s is the largest and is −4.9%, and the error of the main steam flow, steam turbine output power, cooling water outlet temperature and other key parameters is within ±5%. Virtual reality mapping between the digital model and the physical equipment is realized, which lays a foundation for mastering the dynamic characteristics of the marine steam power system.


As part of the 'Building Schools for the Future' (BSF) project, Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council (MBC) propose to partially demolish and refurbish St Cuthbert's High School, Rochdale (NGR SD 90899 10408). Consequently, Capita Symonds, on behalf of Rochdale MBC, commissioned Oxford Archaeology North (OA North) to undertake a desk-based assessment of the site to assess the potential impact of the proposed redevelopment on heritage assets, to inform the planning process and consider whether there is a requirement for any further archaeological work. This was carried out by OA North in April and May 2012.
The study area for the desk-based assessment comprises an area 250m in radius centred on the proposed redevelopment. The desk-based assessment comprised a search of both published and unpublished records held by the Greater Manchester Historic Environment Record (HER), English Heritage's Heritage Gateway and National Monuments Record, Swindon, the local studies centre at Touchstones, Rochdale, and the archives and library held at OA North. In addition to this, a walkover survey was carried out within the boundary of the proposed redevelopment, in order to relate the landscape and surroundings to the results of the desk-based assessment, and identify any additional features that would not be procured solely from documentary sources.


In soft devices, most pneumatic actuators are controlled by hard electronic valves and microcontrollers. The emerged soft oscillators typically lack feedback for enhanced adaptability. Meanwhile, most embedded soft sensors are based on electric or optical principles, while soft fluidic sensors received less attention. Here, we fabricate all-fluidic untethered soft robots with all pneumatic sensors, valves, and actuators. The strain sensor is easily made of a low-cost elastic tube, which provides proprioception as the feedback. The pneumatic valve transforms the continuous inflow into cyclic activation, and controls the soft actuators bending and recovery as a result of the feedback signals. Our fluidic system enables fully untethered control of soft robots without using electronics. Future integration of multiple actuators could potentially lead the way toward fully autonomous soft robots in an unpredictable environment.


The use of protected agriculture structures in tropical and subtropical countries is the main alternative for intensification of agricultural production selected by producers. In general, in these regions, passive and plastic-covered structures predominate, with natural ventilation as the only method of climate control. This phenomenon has been widely studied in different types of structures using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Therefore, this review aimed to collect and analyze the publications generated in this field of knowledge between 2010 and 2020. The search for information included the main academic databases available on the web and the analysis was carried out using bibliometric techniques, from which it was possible to identify details inherent to the scientific production, such as countries of origin, main authors, journals, and citations. Likewise, a detailed breakdown of the relevant technical information of the three phases of numerical simulation, such as preprocessing, processing, and postprocessing, was carried out. A compilation of 118 papers published in 65 journals, written by 256 authors, originating from 24 countries was achieved, where it was evident that Mexico and Colombia were the countries with the highest scientific production in the last decade. These papers analyzed, together, a total of 17 different types of structures where polyethylene-covered greenhouses predominated, with steady state simulations, for daytime climate conditions and without the presence of crops. Within the current and future research trends, the predominance of studies analyzing passive climate control methods, new models of insect-proof mesh-house structures, and, finally, studies focused on the structural analysis of greenhouses was found.


Multiplets and terms of the. qu~rtet, sextet, and octet systems are reported for the first spectrum of Tc . . The combll1atlOns of 20 terms composed of 63 atomic energy leve ls account for 200 TCI lines and 66 percen t of the total observed intensity summed for 1 300 lines. ' The ground state of neutral Tc atoms is represented by 4d5 582 6S2){ , and t he first metastable state by 4d6 5s 6D 4 ){, on~y 2573. cm1 higher . A R ydberg series of 88 terms y ields absolute term values from whICh a Ri tz-corrected limit of 60070 cmI or ionization potent ial of 7.45 electron volts, is derived . ' In t he s.econ~ spectrum of Tc t he principal 8 and P terms of t he quintet a nd septet systems are IdentIfied and fi xed relative to each other. Evidence is presented t hat 4rl6 5D represents the normal state of Tc+ iOIlS, but to confirm t his furth er observations of t he Tc H spectrum are necessary.


The company "Izolyator" has passed a long historical way of continuous development, which is closely associated with the birth and development of the Russian electric power system, the implementation of major industrial projects of national importance. The article is a brief chronological overview of the history of the company and an assessment of its current role in the domestic power industry, and in the international arena.


Most Korean (South Korean) cultural products, such as drama films, songs, fashion,and food, are rising worldwide. The Korean Wave or Hallyu phenomenon shows howKorean culture is accepted by people all over the world. Social media has piqued theinterest of Indonesians, particularly young people, in Korean culture. The phenomenoncreates new business, especially for Korean food. Many Indonesians are curious totry the food after watching Korean Dramas or Korean artists on social media. Thepurpose of this study is to explore Indonesians' perspective on Korean food throughsocial media platforms such as Twitter and YouTube. This research measures sentimentanalysis from an Indonesian perspective. The method uses the Naive Bayes algorithmfor data classification. The results show that Korean food has generated positive andnegative interest in Indonesia. It means the opportunity to start a Korean food businessin Indonesia is widely open. As a result, developing a culinary business based on thethriving Korean culture may be a good opportunity.


Objective: To study whether the use of echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) wall motion index (WMI) is a dependable parameter for identifying patients with LV dysfunction to be enrolled in multicenter trials. Methods: Videotaped echocardiographic examinations from 200 randomly selected patients that were screened for inclusion into the DIAMOND‐CHF and DIAMOND‐MI trials were reevaluated by an external expert echocardiographer. WMI was calculated using the 16‐segment LV model. Results: The external echocardiographer systematically found lower values of WMI than the core laboratory. The average difference in WMI was 0.18 (SD: 0.33) in the DIAMOND‐CHF trial and 0.09 (SD: 0.33) in the DIAMOND‐MI trial. The difference in WMI exceeded 0.33 in 34% of the patients in both trials. The cutoff value for inclusion into the DIAMOND trials was WMI ≤ 1.2. There was an agreement on WMI dichotomized to below or above 1.2 in 82% of the patients in both trials ( κ coefficient 0.66 for the DIAMOND‐CHF and 0.55 for the DIAMOND‐MI). Conclusions: Despite substantial interlaboratory variation in WMI in individual patients and a systematic lower WMI score by the external echocardiographer there was an acceptable overall agreement for identifying patients with severe impairment of LV function. This not only underscores the value of LV‐WMI as a useful tool for selecting high‐risk patients to be included in multicenter studies but also serves to warn against the use of rigid cutoff values for WMI in the treatment of individual patients.


Studies on Salmonella infection among undergraduate students of Imo State University Owerri, Nigeria was carried out to determine proportion and relationships between infections of Salmonella infection with demographic characteristic and toilet hygiene practice. This was done using a noninvasive standard bacteriological technique involving stool culture and biochemical identification of isolates. Chi square analysis and Spearmans correlation were used to test for independence and degree of relationship. Percentage was used to determine proportion. The result showed Salmonella infection had a proportion of 36.89%.The predominant Salmonella species isolated was Salmonella typhimnrium. The disease showed a dependence (P>0.05) on toilet hygiene and demographic characteristics of the students (p<0.05). Females had more proportion of the disease than males. Infection of Salmonella increased with higher class level of the students. There was a higher proportion of Salmonella infection among the 18-21 years age range. Improved pit was found to be associated with low proportion of disease. Water cistern with manual lever was associated with Salmonella infection whereas hand washing in addition to use of hand sanitizers showed association with low proportion of Salmonella infection. It is therefore necessary to provide awareness on the harmful effects of enteric pathogens as well as encourage early diagnosis. Non-invasive method of diagnosis can be used for mass screening for salmonellosis especially in Nigeria where invasive methods are not widely accepted. The provision of basic amenities, cafeterias that offer affordable services and meet adequate hygiene, in school premises should not be neglected.


1. Position Title – To create continuity that supports reporting and a user-friendly applicant interface, position titles should contain the tenure type and the faculty title, all spelled out (e.g., Tenure –Track: Assistant Professor). Avoiding the use of abbreviations is especially important because it helps applicants effectively navigate the Job Board and will help you easily find positions on your positions list.


Taking into account the peculiarities of the process of mortality transition followed by Cuban population and the existing conceptions about what can be considered as proximate determinants of mortality, a theoretical framework is offered as a contribution to explain the changes experienced by the survival capacity of Cuban population in the light of the social and economic conditions that were in the origin of such changes. This proposition has the intention that the framework could constitute an analytical support for the studies of mortality which are being carried out in present days in the country. This model of the proximate determinants of the mortality in Cuba also gain first-order importance in the view of the current socio-economic scenario in which the population is inserted today.


Theses listed in previous listings are not included unless there has been a change in title. Members' attention is drawn to American Doctoral Dissertations on the Arab World 1883-1968, which can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 for $.55 and which contains a listing of 1,022 American doctoral dissertations on the Arab world. Note also the French, German, and Swiss University Dissertations on Twentieth Century Turkey: A Bibliography of 509 Titles, by Peter T. Suzuki, Ph.D.


Spatial co-location pattern mining, which discovers interesting and potentially useful neighboring relationships among spatial features from spatial datasets, plays an important role in spatial data mining. However, as the scale of spatial datasets gradually increases, traditional co-location pattern mining algorithms generate numerous patterns, which may confuse, even mislead the following decision-making of the users. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a cluster-based approach to discover non-redundant top-k co-location patterns, where k is the number of generated patterns. In this proposed approach, first, the spatial data is transformed into transactions to calculate the distance between two co-location patterns, and then the k-means clustering method is adopted to classify the patterns into k clusters, finally, the outputs are generated by selecting one pattern from each cluster. The experimental results on both synthetic and real-world data sets demonstrate that our proposed approach effectively summarizes spatial co-location patterns.


One of the most important methods in new product development is the Technical one, It works basically to insert new product to the market or create some other one never seen before, This method has some collateral effects on the consumption way the costumer get used on. This product may also be focused on some categories of customers, and less responsive to the needs comparing to another specialized products, This technical developed product may also let the costumer feel that he pays on unused features.


Author(s): Bakke, Brianna | Advisor(s): Appel, Kevin | Abstract: A critical look at exhibition methods and artworks from the curated group exhibition titled, "Matters of Time" exhibited in the University of California Irvine Claire Trevor School of the Arts' Contemporary Art Center Gallery January - February 2018. "Matters of Time" brought together works by four individual artists and two collaborative artists groups with the object of active viewing and querying of conventional notions of time and perspectives of progress, through interactions with time based media and time-contingent mediums.


The paper discussed conception,connotation of enterprises′ grouth and analyzes its growth rate as well as relevant financial data by analyzing latest annual report.The analysis demonstrates that growth rate of gross profit would be relevant to profit rate of net asset and puts forward suggestions on growth of enterprises.


ABSTRACT Transgender and gender expansive individuals experience high rates of substance use disorders compared to their cisgender peers. However, there is a dearth of research regarding prevalence and correlates of substance use disorders among transgender and gender expansive individuals. Moreover, few evidence-based interventions exist for transgender and gender expansive individuals. We propose that social workers and other practitioners working with members of this community combine affirmative practice models with existing interventions and services to better meet the needs of transgender and gender expansive individuals.


As the number of cores in chip multiprocessors (CMPs) increases, network-on-chip (NoC) has become a major role in ensuring performance and power scalability. In this paper, we propose multiple-combinational-channel (MCC), a load balancing and deadlock free interconnect network for cache-coherent non-uniform memory accessing (CC-NUMA). In order to make load more balancing and reduce power dissipation, we combine low usage channels and make high usage channels independent and wide enough, since messages transmitted over NoC have different widths and injection rates. Furthermore, based on the in-depth analysis of network traffic, we summarize four traffic patterns and establish several rules to avoid protocol-level deadlock. We implement MCC on a 16-core CMPs, and evaluate the power and performance using universal workloads. The experimental results show that MCC reduces nearly 21% power than multiple-physical-channel with similar throughput. Moreover, MCC improves 10% performance with similar area and power, compared to packet-switching architecture with virtual channels.


Since Poland is an ethnically and linguistically homogeneous country, the lack of knowledge of the mother tongue in minority communities occurs much often than of the Polish language. The intergenerational transmission of language in a small community (ca. 1000 people) of the Old Believers in North-Eastern Poland differs from bigger minorities, such as Germans, Lithuanians or Belarussians, who have the possibility to teach their mother tongue as a school subject. Young Old Believers are more proficient in the Polish language, and the traditional dialect fulfills the function of the 2nd language, and in some aspects can be even treated as a foreign language. Due to the structural and lexical differences, resulting from the influence of the Polish language, the Old Believers' dialect significantly differs from the literary variety of Russian which is taught as a school subject in Poland. Despite of the demographic and administrative problems (there is no possibility to establish a school teaching of the Russian dialect in Poland), the Old Believers have elaborated some mechanisms of teaching their traditional language, which will be characterized in the article, as well as their effects and future perspectives for the self-made language education system in the minority community.


Abstract E-maintenance and i-maintenance are raising the strategic role of maintenance. Therefore, the link between new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and maintenance business logics should be understood. In this paper, a framework which is able to describe, analyse and manage the organizational business models of maintenance, is proposed, in order to help draw a road-map to the implementation of advanced ICTs in maintenance organization. The paper introduces the framework construction and describes how a qualitative measurement system has been set-up for the positioning of companies' maintenance practices. Moreover a validation of the framework through multiple case-study experimentation is presented: four different types of Maintenance Business Models have been identified. Eventually, by associating the individual evaluation of advanced ICTs to the framework, a basis for road-mapping their implementation is identified.


The effects of spark and injection characteristics as well as split injection on the performance and emissions of a spray-guided gasoline direct injection (SG-GDI) engine operating close to stoichiometric conditions are assessed. To accomplish this, a 6-holes injector is simulated and the results are validated against available experimental data for spray penetration length. In addition, an open-cycle multi-dimensional model is developed for a port fuel injection (PFI) engine and the model outcomes are verified against in-cylinder pressure profile and normalized heat release rate. The GDI engine model is yielded under the light of embedment of the above-mentioned models. The model is then employed for investigation of the effects of injector angle, injection pressure, start of first and second injections and two-stage fuel injection with different fuel mass ratios at first and second injections, i.e., split injection, on mixture formation, combustion and engine emissions. The results show the pivotal role of the injector angle on formation of the mixture and output power. On the other hand, it is indicated that while practicing the split injection strategy, the flammability of the relatively stratified lean mixture with fuel to air equivalence ratio of 1.15 around the spark plug, surpasses that of stratified mixture.


Objective:To investigate the change and significance of Substance P (SP)in diabetic rats.Methods:The SP in plasma, duodenum and distal colon were measured by the radioimmunoassay (RIA) in normal rats (n=10) and the diabetic rats (n=10)respectively.Results:The plasma SP in diabetic rats was significantly lower than those in normal group (P 0.05). In the duodenum and distal colon of diabetic rats SP levels were higher than those of the controls(P 0.05).Conclusion:The abnormalities observed in animal model for diabetes might have relevance for the gastrointestinal dysmotility displayed in human diabetes.


Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Patients with CKD exhibit significant alterations in lipoprotein metabolism, which in their most advanced form may result in the development of severe dyslipidemia which can lead to increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The K/DOQI (Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) guidelines suggest that all CKD patients should therefore be evaluated for dyslipidemia. Hence this study was undertaken to know the prevalence of dyslipidemia in CKD patients and thereby assess the impending risk of cardiovascular morbidity in these patients. This study was carried out in 100 CKD patients and it was observed that the mean values of Triglycerides (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), Very Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C), TC/HDL, LDL/HDL were increased and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) was decreased in the patients under study. There was also statistically significant increase in the values of TG, TC, VLDL-C and TC/HDL with the progression of the disease (stage of CKD). Early recognition of dyslipidemia in CKD patients and maintenance of desired lipid levels either through diet or lipid lowering drugs can be helpful in decreasing the risk of cardiovascular complications in these patients.


The repertoire of Abs is generated by genomic rearrangements during B cell differentiation. Although V(D)J rearrangements lead to repertoires mostly different between individuals, recent studies have shown that they contain a substantial fraction of overrepresented and shared "public" clones. We previously reported a strong public IgHμ clonotypic response against the rhabdovirus viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in a teleost fish. In this study, we identified an IgL chain associated with this public response that allowed us to characterize its functionality. We show that this public Ab response has a potent neutralizing capacity that is typically associated with host protection during rhabdovirus infections. We also demonstrate that the public response is not restricted to a particular trout isogenic line but expressed in multiple genetic backgrounds and may be used as a marker of successful vaccination. Our work reveals that public B cell responses producing generic Abs constitute a mechanism of protection against infection conserved across vertebrates. Key Points A public virus-neutralizing Ab response occurs in fish. Fish public Ab response is found in genetically diverse backgrounds. Protective public Ab responses constitute an evolutionary conserved trait.


The nitrogen levels in 4H‐SiC have been determined using thermal admittance spectroscopy. The values of Ec−0.053 eV for nitrogen at the hexagonal site and Ec−0.10 eV for nitrogen at the quasicubic site agree with those reported using other techniques. The deep levels in 4H‐SiC were studied using optical admittance spectroscopy. The optical admittance spectrum showed, besides the conductance peak corresponding to band to band transitions, four other conductance peaks. These peaks correspond to photoexcitation of carriers from the defect levels to the conduction band. It is inferred from a comparison with 6H‐SiC that the conductance peak b4 is due to excitation of electrons from the vanadium donor at Ec−1.73 eV. The photoconductance build up transients of the Ec−1.73 eV level are described fully by one exponential term. This suggests that only one center contributed to the observed conductance. The decay kinetics of persistent photoconductance due to the Ec−1.73 eV level follow the stretched exponential for...


Structure optimum is the keynote of the development of science and technology service industry. This article defines the connotation of science and technology service industry firstly,draws lessons from the experience of accelerated development of science and technology service industry at home and abroad,observes from internal structure of system and external impetus,analyzes the mechanisms of three patterns,which are drives of technological innovation,drives of emerging service industries,and innovative platform support,and takes Guangdong as an example finally,in order to explore the practices of structure optimum of science and technology service industry in this province.


Commentators on B. Gawronski and G. V. Bodenhausen's (2006) recently proposed associativepropositional evaluation (APE) model raised a number of interesting conceptual, empirical, and metatheoretical issues. The authors consider these issues and conclude that (a) the conceptual criticisms raised against the APE model are based on misinterpretations of its basic assumptions, (b) the empirical criticisms are unfounded, as they are inconsistent with the available evidence, and (c) the proposed alternative accounts appear to be less parsimonious and weaker in their predictive power than the APE model. Nevertheless, the commentators offered valuable suggestions for extensions of the APE model, which the authors discuss with respect to their implications for new directions in attitude research.


This paper analyzes the nonfinancial corporation (NFC) sector's financial balance sheets using data available from the OECD. In our sample of 20 advanced economies, corporate debt in percent of GDP-a frequently used indicator in the context of corporate balance sheet adjustments-has remained high since the global financial crisis, with significant differences in the level and the trend between the high-debt and low-debt groups. Looking at financial balance sheets more broadly, including net financial wealth, the NFC sector's balance sheet conditions have improved recently, particularly reflecting accumulation of corporate cash and valuation gains on financial assets. Longer time series and more granular data for Japan, which has been experiencing a prolonged period of balance sheet adjustments, indicate that a continued strengthening of balance sheets might occur even after debt levels are reduced.


When optically pumped magnetometers are aimed for use in the Earth's magnetic field, the orientation of the sensor to the field direction is of special importance to achieve accurate measurement results. Measurement errors and inaccuracies related to the heading of the sensor can be an even more severe problem in the case of special operational configurations, such as the use of strong off-resonant pumping. We systematically study the main contributions to the heading error in systems that promise high magnetic field resolutions at the Earth's magnetic field strengths, namely the nonlinear Zeeman splitting and the orientation-dependent light shift. The good correspondence of our theoretical analysis to experimental data demonstrates that both of these effects are related to a heading-dependent modification of the interaction between the laser light and the dipole moment of the atoms. Also, our results promise a compensation of both effects using a combination of clockwise and counterclockwise circular polarization.


Background: Dialysis access procedures and complications are important causes of morbidity and hospitalization for chronic hemodialysis patients. Ideally, any patient undergoing hemodialysis should receive an autogenous fistula that can be accessed throughout the patient's life. In patients with primarily unsuitable or secondarily surgically-exhausted veins, a prosthetic graft can be performed. Several recently published studies report the outcome of prosthetic grafts. The conclusions of these studies differ dramatically. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the patency, infection and thrombosis rates using Poly-tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in grafts for vascular access in hemodialysis patients. Methods: During this three-year prospective study, 84 patients underwent placement of vascular access graft at the Vascular Surgery Department of Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center in Tehran. Demographics, complications, and subsequent treatment were recorded. Primary patency rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Logrank tests were used to evaluate the statistical differences in survival distribution. Results: The mean patient age was 55 years (±12 years). Hypertension, diabetes and smoking were considered to be risk factors for atherosclerosis in 45, 26 and 19 cases, respectively. The patients were followed up for at least 24 months. The primary patency rates were 78%, 63.3% and 54.9% at 6, 12 and 18 months, respectively. There were 39 (46.4%) access failures, which were related to infection in five cases (6%), thrombosis in 30 cases (35.7%) and bleeding in two cases (2.4%). The patency rate in patients without hypertension and with hypertension were 62.2% and 29.7%, respectively (P Meisami A.P.2 1- Sina Trauma & Surgery Research Center 2- Department of Social Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences


In the general treatment of, perhaps, the majority of surgical diseases, compression and immobilization are often either entirely overlooked or regarded as matters of only secondary consideration, when they are in reality the pivot upon which surgical therapy to a very great extent turns. What would become of certain arterioles to which the ligature and cautery are alike inapplicable, were it not that a ready means of arresting the blood flow presents itself in compression ? Or how could the edges of often large wounds, to which, for scientific reasons, it is deemed best not to lay on sutures, be kept together were it not for compression ? In fact, compression is to a great degree taking the place of the suture altogether, as witness after surgical operations, the bringing into contact of wound surfaces by means of diachylon. With the elastic stocking for varicose veins, with adhesive plaster, the compress and roller bandages in all minor and some major cases, sufficient means are at hand to exercise the necessary compression in general surgery. There are instances, however, in which these do not suffice, and where a long-continued mechanical and, so to speak, foreign com pression is required. Of the various methods suggested to this end, the employment of air or water seems to merit the first place. Dr. Chassagny * employed this method very ingeniously, the principle of


Objective To compare cephalometric measurements of patients with and without velocardiofacial syndrome. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Public tertiary craniofacial center. Subjects Lateral cephalograms of 18 patients with velocardiofacial syndrome and 18 controls without morphofunctional alterations, matched for gender and age; all cephalograms were obtained before orthodontic intervention. Main Outcome Measures The cephalograms were manually traced and digitized for the achievement of linear and angular measurements. Results Individuals with velocardiofacial syndrome presented a reduced length of the skull base, retrusion of nasal bones, reduced posterior height of the maxilla, increased gonial angle, increased interincisal angle, greater lingual inclination of the mandibular incisors, reduced nasolabial angle, and reduced nasal depth compared with the control group. Conclusions Patients with velocardiofacial syndrome presented morphological differences compared with individuals without morphofunctional alterations, which might be considered in the evaluation of patients with suspected diagnosis of the syndrome, as well as for the establishment of treatment protocols adequate to their needs. The present findings did not support the hypothesis of differences in pharyngeal dimensions mentioned by other authors, suggesting that the velopharyngeal insufficiency in these patients may be caused by functional alterations rather than by anatomical differences.


Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a formidable microbial pathogen which uses multiple mechanisms to subvert host immune defences. These include the effective, protective barrier presented by the outer waxy coat, intracellular concealment from host defences, and the ability to enter a prolonged, dormant phase in the infected host. Priority strategies to combat the scourge of TB include the identification of novel and selective targets on/in MTB which are amenable to pharmacological or immune-mediated control. Because they are structurally different from their counterparts in eukaryotic cells and are likely to be essential for survival and growth, the major K + transporters of MTB represent alternative and novel targets for drug and vaccine design. These K + -uptake systems of MTB are the primary focus of this review, with particular emphasis on their genomic and protein structures, properties and functions, and potential roles in intracellular survival.


The relationship between infarct mechanics and ventricular function of the septal wall in the presence of fibrotic infarct in the free wall remains poorly understood. This study compares the mechanics of the septal wall in the healthy and fibrotic infarcted rat heart models during active ejection. To simulate active contraction, three dimensional constitutive Fung model was implemented in Abaqus® commercial software. The endocardial pressures of LV and RV were applied such that the required end-systolic volumes were obtained. To simulate active contraction in the bi-ventricular rat heart model, the pressures of 14.6 kPa and 2.92 kPa were applied on the left ventricle and right ventricle chambers. It was observed in the presence of infarct in the free wall, the stress in the septal wall decreased when compared to the healthy heart. The increase in strain in the septal wall has serious practical implications in global and regional functioning of the heart.


Space object identification and characterization is an important component of Space Situational Awareness (SSA). However, characterization of natural objects such as asteroids that pass close to the Earth is also a useful endeavor both scientifically, and for reasons related to hazard mitigation of potential Earthimpacting bodies. Therefore, researchers at the Magdalena Ridge Observatory (MRO) 2.4-meter telescope (located in New Mexico) have been investigating the option to utilize SSA-inspired techniques and equipment to characterize both classes of these target-of-opportunity objects. The goal is to develop a methodology that returns useful diagnostic information with a minimal investment in observational preparation since typically there can be little warning when interesting asteroids or satellites are in prime viewing geometry. Merging these objectives into our operational paradigm to capitalize on the dual-use nature of the instrumentation ensures that the MRO facility is ready to meet any prospective opportunity. A collaboration between the Air Force and MRO to enhance SSA techniques has provided both a visible wavelength, low-resolution spectrometer, and a filter-wheel mounted grating system (Dao, et al. 2013) used on the 2.4-meter telescope. In 2012, efforts began to extend this instrumentation beyond its SSA applications to the study of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). Although the slit-based spectrometer has proven very successful in identifying target material type and is set up for rapid deployment, it is not configured for instantaneous access and requires some preparation time. The purpose of this current effort is to examine whether a filter-wheel mounted grating with immediate availability might be sufficient to acquire spectra with a quality level adequate for rough taxonomic classification of (almost) no warning, target of opportunity near-Earth asteroids.


The purpose of this article is describe the women participation evolution before and after the emerge of gender quotas in the political parties in the 1998´s legislative


Background and objectives: A limiting factor in cancer treatment and prevention has been an inadequate accrual of patients onto clinical trials this more so
 in India and developing countries may be because of majority of trials will be done as dissertation of an oncology fellow. Many oncology training institutions are
 not having training curriculum regarding clinical trial design and basic statistical training which are barriers for accrual of patient in trials. Therefore, we aimed
 to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of oncology residents on clinical trials across the country to improve the curriculum methodology so that we can
 produce better data on clinical trials.
Methods: A total 50 students were recruited across the country; students were interviewed either directly or through telephonic conversation. Minimum criteria
 to enroll in the study was to have at least 1 year of working knowledge in oncology institute (only senior residents were included).Verbal informed consent was
 obtained from all the study participants.
Results: All residents participated in the study know that clinical research is imperative, however only 30 (60%) of them showed interest towards cancer clinical
 trials. Thirty (60%) of the participants depending on western data for their patient management.36 (73%) participants felt that they were not able to interpret the
 data given in clinical trials. Only 6 (11%) of the participants had access to all cancer related journals. Though 35 (70%) of the participants discuss published clinical
 trials every week, only 25 (50%) of the residents are changing their decision based on clinical trial data during their patient management.
Conclusions: In our study it was found that the resident doctors felt that clinical research is imperative in delivering appropriate management in malignant
 diseases. However, they had displeasing knowledge on health research. They have positive attitude towards cancer research, but they are failing to implement
 due to lack of training curriculum.


Seismic Attribute is one of the best quantitative tools for seismic characteristic of interest. Analysis of attributes has been integral to reflection seismic integration since around 1930 when geophysics started to pick traveltimes to coherent reflections on seismic field records. There are more than 50 distinct seimisc attributes calculated from seismic data and applied to the interpretation of geological structure, stratigraphy, and rock/pore fluid properties. Seismic attributes are a powerful aid to to seismic interpretation. They allow the geoscientist to visualise some of geological information such as faults and channels, recognize the depositional environment and etc. For extracting accurate information from seismic attributes, the input seismic data needs to be optimally processed. The main objectives of this paper is to showing some of seismic attributes for detecting geological event from a data set in Netherland offshore.


The size and tolerance in machine tool fixture total picture can be tagginged reasonably when the processing accurary is analysised.Checking processing accurary can pemonstrate the fixture design plan is feasible and determined structure size and accurary of fixture components and device.


Abstract : An inhalation exposure facility was developed at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, to conduct inhalation exposures of rodents and guinea pigs to dye mixtures used by the U.S. Army in the manufacture of smoke munitions. Initially, an evaluation of the prototype chamber aerosol homogeneity was conducted to determine the uniformity and reproducibility of the concentration and particle size of dye aerosol throughout the breathing zone of the test animals(Davies, et al.) The red grenade mixture was formulated by combining the anthraquinone dye Disperse Red 11 (DR11) and the azo dye Solvent Red 1 (SR1); the violet grenade mixture was formulated from DR11 and Disperse Blue 3 (DB3), another anthraquinone dye. The three dyes, DR11, SR1, and DB3, were chemically analyzed for purity and optically examined for size and shape. All pure dyes appeared to be stable at room temperature except DB3, which decomposes if not stored at 4C. The particle size ranges varied for each pure dye and structures were either amorphous(azo dye) or crystalline(anthraquinone dyes).


on such issues as national treatment, dispute settlement and abolition of performance requirements, the United States itself and other developed countries had begun to rethink their own principles. We see, in the European Community and the United States, hints of a resurgent economic nationalism, for example, through the beginnings of legislation that would draw distinctions between how companies are treated based on the nationality of the ownership of the capital stock. So, while the United States and other developed countries have been successful in moving the developing world more toward their position, I think international lawyers and scholars need to be alert to whether or not the United States is perhaps moving in the other direction. We have had an interesting four or five years in the development of international economic law. The developments are bound to continue, as a number of the Asian nations become more active in international affairs, as the global community begins to feel the full impact of the dissolution of the former Soviet Union, and as we begin to look to Latin America for leadership, as it works through many of these issues.


Cognitive health, a crucial component of healthy aging, is a recently recognized public health issue. CDC, through its Healthy Brain Initiative, is working to advance cognitive aging as a vital, integral component of public health practice, in an effort to keep older Americans healthy and independent as long as possible. The Healthy Brain Initiative creates and supports partnerships, collects and reports data, increases awareness of cognitive aging, through utilization of its flagship publication, The Healthy Brain Initiative: The Public Health Road Map for State and National Partnerships, 2018–2023. The Road Map outlines 25-items within its Action Agenda that identify how state and local public health agencies and their partners can promote brain health, address cognitive impairment for persons living in the community, and address the needs of caregivers to persons with a cognitive impairment. Because dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, doesn't have a cure, identifying and reducing risks are the best public health approaches for maintaining health and independence. The session will emphasize activities of partners implementing Road Map action items: The Alzheimer's Association, a national organization providing assistance to state public health agencies; activities of CDC's Healthy Brain Research Network which is a thematic network of the CDC Prevention Research Centers Program; and The Balm in Gilead's efforts to increase awareness of cognition-related issues in African-American healthcare professionals and faith-based organizations; American College of Preventive Medicine will highlighted a new collaborative continuing education module for physicians; and the discussant will describe the HBI from a historical perspective and impact.


Radio is one of the mainstream media with many listeners around the world. Technological developments have spurred the media economy to innovate so that it is not only used in conventional frequencies, and it is now available in the form of streaming. Elfara FM Radio was chosen as an empirical phenomenon because it has an alternative media in the form of a website for streaming services on www.radioelfara.com and primetime programs that are the choice of researchers is Hitzteria (at 14.00-18.00). This study aims to determine the differences in the level of satisfaction of listeners of the Hitzteria program through conventional media or streaming media on Elfara FM radio. Through quantitative methods, researchers will try to find differences in the level of satisfaction through the technique of data collection, namely the questionnaire on Radio Elfara. The researcher used the MAIN model to test the hypothesis, which consisted of Modality, Agency, Interactivity, and Navigability. The results of the study will be very useful for the development of communication science studies, especially the study of economic media and intestinal gratification.


Following the success of the introduction of security of payment legislation in the United Kingdom, there has been rapid growth globally in the enactment of similar legislation to address the vexed issues of late payment and cash-flow in the construction industry. This article provides an overview of the intended purpose of security of payment legislation and compares the differences between jurisdictions. Particular attention is drawn to the 'Statutory Adjudication' regime, and its attempts to preserve cash-flow during a project by resolving payment disputes in an expeditious and provisional manner.


Flame retardancy of plastics and composites is critically important in related industries. Polymers, which are hydrocarbon-based organic materials, are subject to flame and toxic gases upon firing and, in general, have poor flame resistance. Accordingly, flame-resistant polymers are needed in the applications subject to flame. In particular, flameretardancy is critically important in fiber-reinforced plastics for safety regulation requirement [1-3]. Industries and academia, which have been dealing with fiber-reinforced polymer composites, have been seeking for environmentally-benign composite materials with flame retardancy [3,4]. Natural fiberreinforced biocomposites are less expensive, biodegradable, and also contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide during the cultivation [5]. In addition, they are light-weight due to low density of natural fibers, good mechanical properties and abrasion resistance [4]. For many years, therefore, natural fiber-reinforced biocomposites have been utilized to replace glass fiber-reinforced composites due to their advantages with natural fibers [6-8]. Recently, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has also been increasingly studied as alternative of a synthetic polypropylene. PLA is the most promising biodegradable polymer resin with good mechanical properties and processibility [9-11]. However, uses of PLA are restricted due to its low flame resistance [12-14]. Therefore, it would be desirable if PLA exhibits improved flame retardancy. In particular, once PLA is utilized in automobile and building interiors, electronic parts and housings [15]. Kenaf is one of the most utilized cellulose-based natural fibers in biocomposite systems. A number of papers on kenaf/PLA biocomposites have been reported during the past years [12,16-18]. However, studies on the flame retardancy on kenaf/PLA biocomposites have been rarely found. Consequently, the objective of the work is to investigate how incorporation of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into PLA matrix influences the flame retardancy, thermal stability, thermodimensional stability, and the dynamic mechanical and tensile properties of kenaf/PLA biocomposites, in terms of limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermal decomposition, thermal expansion, tensile modulus and strength, storage modulus, and tan δ.


At the heart of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) lies the concept of systematic risk. The systematic risk of a security is that component of the total risk of the security that is explained by market risk. This is captured through the regression of security returns on market returns. The regression coefficient represents the sensitivity of returns of the security to changes in market returns. Current developments in econometric theory, however, undermine the simplicity of this approach. Firstly, there should be some form of causality from changes in market returns to changes in security returns. In particular, Granger causality from market returns to security returns must hold. Secondly, in order for the regression to be meaningful, the time series should be stationary. In particular, the presence of a unit root would undermine the significance of the regression coefficient, and therefore threaten the entire basis of the CAPM. It is in this context that Granger causality and stationarity should be examined for the security line. This approach may be extended to determining the macroeconomic variables that influence asset returns in general.


Our Sabaic inscription bears the siglum mb 2006 i-54 (fig. 2) and records an offering of a bronze statuette dedicated to the Sabaean god Almaqah at the Awām temple/Maḥram Bilqīs, near Maʾrib, Yemen (Maraqten 2015: 109–135).
Item Description: Base of a statuette, now missing, inscribed on one face. The inscription, canted slightly downwards and is engraved between double, lightly-incised horizontal double-lines. The face of the stone is polished; the top surface, where the statuette would have been attached, is broken away and the first line is mostly lost. The lower left corner is broken away and some parts of the stone edges are slightly damaged. The text is intact apart from few lost letters in the first line. Although the upper part of the inscription is partly lost, its reconstruction, as indicated in the transcription, is possible with reference to line 11.
This 14 lines inscription has been discovered during the ninth afsm season, 2006 in the Annex of the Awām temple and is reused in the pavement. The measurements of this inscribed block are as follows: 35×22cm; letter height: 1.5×1.7cm. Almaqah curved club symbol occurs at beginning of line one and two; the upper part is broken. Present location of the inscription is the Awām Temple and still in situ


The interpretation of electron currents in conjugated polymers is strongly hindered by the occurrence of hysteresis. We investigate the transport of electrons in electron-only devices based on derivatives of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) for various hole-blocking bottom electrodes as well as purification of the polymer. The use of a variety of hole blocking bottom contacts, as metallic electrodes and n-type doped polymers, did not give any improvement in the observed hysteresis. By purification of the PPV, hysteresis free electron-only currents can be obtained. The deep traps responsible for hysteresis, with a concentration in the 10 16 cm -3 range, are not responsible for the trap-limited electron transport as observed in purified PPV. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.


This paper details the building of a finite element mesh tailored to the simulation of a complete nano-imprint lithography process. A novel approach to meshing of FE structures is devised, to address the issues specific to the NIL process: large aspect ratio and slip distance. It consists in generating a finely meshed structure as it should be after embossing and prior to releasing, and applying a geometric transformation to this structure so that it is "squeezed" back into the original flat geometry of the resist. Mesh created is not distorted or degenerate. The gain in terms of computing performance is roughly one order of magnitude, as the convergence speed is increased.