Acenes (1) are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of linearly fused benzene rings. The smallest acenes, benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene, are among the most studied organic molecules, while pentacene has received much attention as an active semiconducting material in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) owing to its high charge-carrier mobility. Since increased conjugation length is expected to be beneficial for some applications in organic electronics, interest in the synthesis of acenes larger than pentacene has been increased in the last decade, and significant efforts have been devoted to the development of appropriate synthetic methods. However, the synthesis of larger stable acenes is a difficult and challenging task because of their very low solubility, poor light and oxygen stability, and tendency to dimerize, as well as the difficult multistep synthetic approaches required. Consequently, successful experimental studies on larger acenes are very limited. An excellent review by Anthony covered the literature on larger acenes up to 2007. In recent years and, particularly, in the last one and a half years, significant progress has been made in the synthesis of larger acenes, and stable and fully characterized heptacene derivatives were obtained. Larger acenes can be considered to be the building blocks of carbon nanotubes and graphene, and studies on larger acenes may increase understanding of their properties. For example, the chirality of carbon nanotubes can be described as arising from different arrangements of the acene chains that are responsible for its electronic properties (metallic or semiconducting). Although the electronic properties of larger acenes have been examined extensively using computational techniques, their electronic structure, aromaticity, and HOMO–LUMO gaps are still not completely understood. A singlet disjoint biradical character in the ground states of larger acenes is predicted based on UB3LYP/6-31G(d) calculations. Using spin-polarized DFT, Jiang and Dai predict antiferromagnetic ground states for larger acenes (n> 7) and polyacenes. As the number of rings increases, acenes become increasingly reactive, with the central ring being the most reactive. Photooxidation with molecular oxygen and dimerization of the longer acenes are the major degradation pathways. Although the synthesis of heptacene (1, n = 7) was claimed in 1942, later reports in 1943 and 1955 questioned this synthesis and it was withdrawn in 1957. No significant progress in this area was made until 1986, when the synthesis of larger acenes was reported in the PhD dissertation of Fang which was written under the supervision of Chapman. Thermolysis of the heptacene dimer was reported to produce heptacene. However, pure heptacene was not obtained, since it was always contaminated with heptacene dimer and dihydroheptacene. Heptacene formation was confirmed by accurate mass measurement (using mass spectrometry) and by the lmax value for the highest wavelength absorption band in the sublimed film (968 nm) and in 1-methylnaphthalene solution (at 220 8C, 752 nm). Twenty years later, Neckers and co-workers obtained unsubstituted (parent) heptacene in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix by photodecarbonylation of a dione precursor at 395 nm (Scheme 1). The lmax value (roughly 760 nm, for the central vibronic peak) recorded in the PMMA matrix concurred with Fang s report on unsubstituted


Abstract Study aim: To analyse the distribution of effort in the 800 m event at the IAAF World Athletics Championships in London 2017 (outdoor, 44 men, 45 women) and in Birmingham 2018 (indoor, 9 men, 14 women). Material and methods: A total of 187 individual performances during heats, semi-finals, and finals were analysed. The official split times of each athlete every 100 m were taken as reference for the analysis of: times; percentages of times in regard to the final time; speed; changes in position during the races; percentage deviations in terms of the average time per race per section of 100, 200 and 400 m. Results: There are different strategies used in the elite 800m race that are related to sex differences, the management of energy consumption and the differences and similarities between indoor and outdoor races. Conclusions: Although diverse pacing strategies exist, more balanced strategies, after a fast start, have better results.


In the late 1960's and early 1970's illegitimacy among adolescents became recognized as a serious national, medical and social problem (Osofsky, 1968). It was discovered that the incidence of adolescent out-of-wedlock pregnancies was increasing rapidly. The illegitimacy rate of unmarried girls aged 15-19 years of age was 8 per 1,000 in 1940; 16 per 1,000 in 1960; and 24 per 1,000 in 1971. There was concern that this increase represented a trend toward sexual permisiveness and the abandonment of a sexual code of ethics, thereby threatening the institutions of marriage and the family (Plionis, 1975). At the same time, the morbidity and mortality rates among adolescent females and their offspring began to run high enough that adolescents were classified as a high risk group. The apparent lack of medical, social, and educational services for this group resulted in investigations of the psychosocial causes and consequences of adolescent pregnancy with a view toward treatment and prevention (Plionis, 1975). Today, the need to effect strategies to deal with the multifaceted problems of adolescence is even more acute. Premarital intercourse is beginning at younger ages, and the actual incidence of premarital intercourse is increasing for adolescents (Vener & Stewart, 1974; Zelnik & Kantner, 1977). U.S. adolescent


Abstract In this article, we establish certain sufficient conditions to show the existence of solutions of an initial value problem of fractional-ordinary differential equation in Banach space. Our approach is based on a combination of Mönch fixed point theorem and a suitable measure of non-compactness. Also an example is given to illustrate our approach.


Purpose – The purpose of the study is to explore the impact of cultural values on perceptions of service encounter quality by examining the potentially mediating role of service encounter expectations. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was designed to collect data from 30 cosmetic clinic patients in Tehran, Iran. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the convergent and discriminant validity of the scales. Moreover, path modeling and bootstrapping were implemented using Smartpls 2.0 (M3) software to analyze the collected data and to assess the research model (Figure 1). Findings – Cultural values have a significant impact on both expectations and perceptions of service encounter quality. Moreover, findings show that expectations of service encounter quality have an impact on perceptions of service encounter quality. The mediating role of service encounter expectations was confirmed. Research limitations/implications – There are additional issues that should be addressed about different ...


In this paper we present the correlation between the impact ionization gate current with the S/sub 22/ scattering parameter measured in the 50 MHz - 6 GHz frequency range in InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMTs. Devices with shorter gate length presenting larger I.I. gate current have shown larger inductive component in the output admittance Y/sub 22/ at low frequencies.


This research focuses on monitoring and controlling a tortilla chip-making machine using the MQTT protocol. Tortilla chips are a popular snack made from corn tortillas that are cut into triangles and fried or baked. The study utilizes the Internet of Things concept, where sensors are integrated into the machine to enable data exchange and communication through networks. The MQTT protocol is chosen due to its lightweight nature, making it suitable for resource-constrained devices and efficient in IoT applications. The research involves using ESP32 as the microcontroller and various sensors, such as ZMPT101b, ACS712, Tachometer, and HC-SR04. The data collected from the sensors is transmitted to a Thingspeak channel via MQTT, allowing real-time monitoring and control of the machine. The results show that the MQTT protocol effectively facilitates communication of the tortilla chip cutting machine, with satisfactory delay and data integrity. The tortilla chip cutting test was successful, producing triangular-shaped chips. Overall, the research concludes that the implementation of the MQTT protocol in the IoT-based tortilla chip-making machine is effective and reliable. The results of this study indicate that the average delay in data communication is 2.8 seconds, and the integrity testing revealed a 3% error in the accuracy of the sensor data.


The invention relates to an elbow clamping device for cutting a steel medium-sized elbow intersecting line. A clamping component is composed of a support, an interdigital bracket shaft, an interdigital bracket, a clamping roller shaft, a clamping roller with an arc shape and an interdigital bracket baffle. Clamping component supporting plates are arranged between longitudinal supporting plates, and each clamping component supporting plate is provided with clamping components in pair. A clamping component supporting plate height adjusting assembly is composed of a hand wheel, a worm-gear pair, a rotary drum, a guide wheel bracket, a guide wheel shaft, a guide wheel, a steel cable buckle and a steel cable, the clamping component supporting plate height adjusting assemblies are respectively arranged at two ends and at many places in the middles of the longitudinal supporting plates, positions of the clamping component supporting plates on supporting columns in the vertical direction are adjusted, relative positions between the clamping components arranged on two sides of the clamping component supporting plates in pair and the clamping component supporting plates are adjusted, and elbow clamping in a vertical plane is achieved. The elbow clamping device for cutting the steel medium-sized elbow intersecting line can clamp an elbow reliably in the horizontal plane or the vertical plane and is simple in structure.


Steganalysis is the art and science of detecting hidden information. Modern digital steganography has created techniques to embed information near invisibly into digital media. This chapter explores the idea of exploiting the noise-like qualities of steganography. In particular, the art of steganalysis can be defined as detecting and/or removing a very particular type of noise. This chapter first reviews a series of steganalysis techniques including blind steganalysis and targeted steganalysis methods, and highlights how clean image estimation is vital to these techniques. Each technique either implicitly or explicitly uses a clean image model to begin the process of detection. This chapter includes a review of advanced methods of clean image estimation for use in steganalysis. From these ideas of clean image estimation, the problems faced by the passive warden can be posed in a systematic way. This chapter is concluded with a discussion of the future of passive warden steganalysis.


The history of the Di and Qiang peoples in the west Sichuan Plateau can be traced back to the Xia and Shang Dynasties,which can be proved both in literature and in archeological documents.The Di and the Qiang peoples inhabiting the northwest Gansu-Qinghai Plateau are consanguineous and divided into two nationalities.The west Qiang nationality is vastly scattered.Archeological findings and historical documents show that the stone coffin burials in the Minjiang upper reaches are the cultural remains of the Di people,whereas the stone coffin burials along the Yalongjiang River,Jinshanjiang River and Dadu River are the cultural remains of the Qiang people.


The exponential increase in data generated gives rise to more demanding requirments for processing it. A parallel programming paradigm known as MapReduce, has been used widely to process this data. There exist frameworks that have incorporated MapReduce style processing. However, these frameworks are not focused to be energy-efficient. We investigate a novel approach for processing large amounts of data. This is done by developing a framework that supports distributed processing, with focus on utilizing green energy. The main aim of this project is to facilitate processing in data centers powered by renewable energy. This is attempted by combining technologies used in green computing, grid computing and cloud computing. The results from this project were a fully developed task tracker along with reference implementation of the other components. At the current stage of development there was only found to be a 2% decrease in performance when compared to a local cluster. This project was also proved ready for future work, that would contribute to the main aim of the framework.


Empirical reality shows the occurrence of moral decadence, behavioural degradation, and ethical erosion that requires more serious handling. Citizenship Education is one of the personality subjects given from elementary school to university level to anticipate these conditions. Civic Education learning in elementary schools is very important because at this age the children's personality is more easily formed and directed to be able to understand, interpret, the noble values that are taught and subsequently expected to be realized in the behaviour of noble attitudes in the daily lives of students. Research approach based on literature studies. How does this Civic Education emerge as learning, does the implementation process fit in the context of the elementary school, how the application of the noble values of students in the school environment, to Civic Education learning that takes place in accordance with expectations, becomes the parts to be studied, so that Civic Education is indeed very important to be given to students from elementary school to tertiary level in order to achieve the goal of education so that they are smart in developing their personalities for the provision of life in the future.


Tumor progression is the process by which cancer cells acquire increasingly aggressive characteristics, including resistance to therapies and an increased propensity to metastasize. The combination of these two processes results in recurrence of tumors in distant sites, and is chiefly responsible for cancer mortality. For instance, tumor recurrence is the leading cause of death from breast cancer. Recurrent breast cancers are thought to arise from a population of residual cells that survive treatment and persist, often in a dormant state, for years or decades before resuming proliferation. Primary breast tumors are heterogeneous, harboring different subclones of (epi)genetically distinct cells, and tumor recurrence may result from the progressive outgrowth of aggressive subclones. As a consequence, understanding the clonal dynamics of dormancy and recurrence is essential for developing strategies to prevent or treat recurrence. However, studying these processes in patients is challenging, given the difficulty in identifying residual disease and obtaining recurrent tumors. To overcome these obstacles, we have used DNA barcoding to study the clonal dynamics of breast cancer recurrence in inducible genetically engineered mouse models. These models exhibit key features of breast cancer progression as it occurs in women, including the survival of cancer cells following therapy and their eventual spontaneous recurrence. In these models doxycycline (dox) administration induces expression of an oncogene (e.g., HER2/neu, Wnt1, or Myc), leading to mammary tumor formation. Subsequent withdrawal of dox induces oncogene downregulation and complete tumor regression, mimicking targeted therapies. However, a cluster of residual cells survives oncogene downregulation and resides in a dormant, nonproliferative state in the mammary gland, and these cells eventually reinitiate proliferation to form a recurrent tumor. Using these models, we find that breast tumors can follow two distinct evolutionary routes to recurrence. Approximately half of the recurrent tumors exhibit a striking clonal dominance in which one or two subclones comprise the vast majority of the tumor. These clonal recurrent tumors exhibit evidence of de novo acquisition of Met amplification, and are sensitive to small-molecule Met inhibitors. The other half of recurrent tumors exhibit marked polyclonality, with thousands of subclones and a clonal architecture very similar to primary tumors. These polyclonal recurrent tumors are not sensitive to Met inhibitors, but have acquired dependence upon an epigenetic pathway for their growth and survival and are sensitive to drugs targeting this pathway. These results suggest that tumor recurrence can proceed via multiple independent routes, producing recurrent tumors with distinct clonal dynamics, genetic alterations, and drug sensitivities. This abstract is also being presented as Poster B45. Citation Format: Jeffrey Damrauer, James V. Alvarez. Clonal dynamics during breast cancer dormancy and recurrence [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Modeling Cancer in Mice: Technology, Biology, and Beyond; 2017 Sep 24-27; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(10 Suppl):Abstract nr PR09.


Conventional servo driver is generally used for driving a servo motor. The servo driver has not only a role of amplifying a control signal. Aiming at a high performance of the motion control such as decreasing the steady state error against the disturbances, compensation circuits should be involved in the servo driver. Therefore, the dynamic characteristic of DC servo motor becomes very complex. And some phenomena of which we cannot explain the reason appear if we suppose that the servo driver has only a role of amplifying a control signal. Also, in the field of controlling a robot, it has been difficult to decide the feedback gain of the force control signal theoretically. So, in this study the dynamic characteristics of DC servo motor driver by the conventional servo driver are verified in detail and the design process of the servo mechanism is also verified.


Anther culture of indica rice Q1162 resulted in 1200 regenerated plants from 105 callus lines.According to the ploidy and fertility in the first generation of anther plants(H1),these regenerated plants were divided into four types: ①sterile haploid;②fertile diploid;③sterile diploid;④sterile tetraploid.Among the single descendant of 85 fertile diploid in H2 generation,the agronomic characters of the communities had the diversity,the individual from identical community displayed good consistency.Anther culture was an effective way of purification and improvement for restorer lines.Through further determination of their restoring and combining ability,excellent restorer lines might be selected.


The Faith of a Lay Person Realized in Contemporary Reality This paper deals with the issue of the faith of the lay, which finds it realization in daily reality and leads to the evangelical change of the world. The paper starts with the reference to the Church doctrine of the lay faithful, based on selected document of Vaticanum II and the teaching of the Blessed John Paul II. The paper also presents a wider cultural and spiritual background of contemporary reality of the life of the lay faithful. In the first section of the paper, the author defines precisely the Christian understanding of the lay faithful, pointing out that the lay Christian vocation is realized in the broadly understood world. The lay vocation is an autonomous Christian path, still being a sphere of God's action and influence. The author proceeds to discuss the roots of lay spirituality and of the areas of the lay extensive evangelical engagement: family life, political involvement, socio-economic activities, research or charity. Next, the author presents how a lay person can lead his/her life in accord with the evangelical counsels, which help introduce harmony between the secular world and the radical Gospel. The relationship between the evangelical counsels and the commandments is also discussed. The last section of the paper is devoted to the unfavourable changes in contemporary postmodern culture, which have a negative impact on the spiritual life of the faithful.


AbstractUnited Kingdom Nirex Limited (Nirex) is developing a deep repository for the disposal of ILW and some LLW from UK waste producers. Two key parts of the programme are the specification of waste packages—containers and their contents—and the development of a transport system to convey packaged wastes to the repository. Nirex and waste producers have established a range of standard waste packages and transport packages. Each standard waste package meets an identified need and is defined by a Waste Package Specification which provides the essential link to the repository design. Re-usable shielded transport containers are being developed to transport certain waste packages to the repository, the transport container and contents together forming a Type B package. A Probabilistic Safety Assessment for transport associated with a repository at Sellafield predicts that 'conventional' transport risks will be simply related to the volumes of rail and road traffic. The additional radiological risks are expec...


Before cervical flat plate system blade, connected flat second movable two combined other vertebral body engagement fixed immediately wo includes, flat plate system wo vertebral body second fixed to fixed point between Roh interval wo change is allowed, and the vertebral body mounting section between compression wo can be similar to , and / or cause. Flat system includes a method for mounting a device and apparatus. Flat system, both passive dynamization and active dynamization can be performed, it is possible to generate the former from the latter.


The culture of economic colonization is at the background and yet at the center of Arendt's Human Condition. This colonizing culture is perfectly actualized through work and labor under a rhythmic coordination of a pater familias. It is more than ever enslaving and alienating, since it excludes possibilities for self-emancipation and provides no room for individuality. Work and labor therefore stand on the opposite side to the political. The culture they offer is in nature contradictory to the one promoted by the political. Hence the political is believed to be the remedy of economic and political problems. It in essence promotes action, i.e., the culture necessary for human self-emancipation. Arendt's position on the idea of the political, however, must not be taken for granted. Arendt's insistence on direct participation in political life has reminded us that citizens must be able to take care of their own desires and interests. It would be naive to uncritically entrust one's destiny, life, and future to the political authority or to the state.


The present invention relates to a temperature control system of floor heating heater, and more particularly, at the same time, the bottom temperature and maintaining the room temperature by controlling the flow rate of hot water supplied to each room according to the water temperature flowing through the interior temperature and the piping to the set temperature comfort ranges for the will of the interior and floor temperature control system of simultaneous comfort and to minimize the loss of energy of nanbangyeol jaesilja indoor environment ondol heating space kept in. Depending on the ambient temperature and the bottom simultaneously adjusting system operation by the user of the space heating floor heating according to the invention and the temperature controller to set the desired temperature room and hot water; A first temperature sensor for measuring the current temperature of the interior and; Supplying hot water coming from the boiler to the inside of each room, and is provided to each water exchange pipe connecting the hot water distribution system and pipes for each room to supply the circulating water to the boiler water exchange in each indoor measuring the water temperature of the flowing water exchange tube a second temperature sensor; In each room to a desired temperature comparing a predetermined value with respect to the first and second temperature value received from the temperature sensor and the temperature sensor and maintained in each desired temperature value based on the result of the hot water that water exchange in the hot water distribution device It characterized in that it comprises a controller for controlling the opening state of the hot water circulation valve to control the flow rate. Heating control, PID control, the hot water flow rate


During recent decades, we have witnessed the steady downgrading of bedside cardiology as it is constantly being replaced by modern technology. Many, if not most, cardiological diagnoses could be made by use of patient history and the physical examination, supplemented by simple noninvasive procedures, such as the ECG and chest roentgenogram. Newer, increasingly complex techniques become indispensable only when the simpler methods fail or when physicians fail to use them appropriately owing to ignorance, lack of training, or atrophy of previously acquired skills. Access to more sophisticated technologies accelerates these trends in contemporary practice.

Newer diagnostic technologies expanded our ability to define anatomic and physiological abnormalities. Our clinical acumen was first sharpened by the correlation between bedside cardiology and cardiac catheterization. Newer, noninvasive confirmatory techniques, such as nuclear medicine, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging should have further extended and honed our clinical capabilities. Yet these impressive opportunities ultimately weakened transmission and acquisition of physical diagnostic skills. In 300 randomized subjects autopsied in 1960, 1970, and 1980, Harvard investigators reported that 20 years of sonography, scintigraphy, and computed tomography had not reduced the frequency of misdiagnosis.1

A nationwide investigation of trainees in internal medicine and cardiology and third-year medical students demonstrated that the proficiency of bedside cardiac auscultation was seriously degraded.2 Programs with structured teaching in auscultation existed in only 27% of medicine and 37% of cardiology programs.3 Correct answers at the end of an academic year ranged from 0% to 56% for cardiology fellows (median, 21.9%) and from 2% to 36.8% for medical residents (median, 19.3%); these performances equalled those of the third-year medical students.

In another survey, 124 internal medicine residents, 11 pulmonary fellows, and 63 medical students in six university-affiliated programs were never exposed to structured teaching of pulmonary auscultation. The auscultatory performance …


This field note provides both a foundation for discussion about the role of townships in local governance and empirical evidence of their unique and embedded role. Drawing on a survey administered to Illinois township supervisors, administrators, and assessors, it presents baseline indicators about the range of township services, managerial practices, assessment, and collaboration for services to better illuminate current services, capacities, and challenges. A greater understanding of the complexity of delivering township services can guide policymakers in their deliberations about the future of township governments and provide research propositions for investigating township governments in the United States.


Abstract : The report presents a brief discussion of thermal emission and absorption processes, including Planck's radiation function; Kirchhoff's law, which equates the emittance with the absorptance of a sample; and the interrelationships between the emittance, and the transmittance of a sample. Expressions are given for the emittance in three situations: (1) an almost transparent sample; (2) a completely opaque sample; and (3) intermediate situations. Experimental results include direct emittance studies on the III-V compound semiconductors, InP, AlSb, GaAs, GaSb, InAs, InSb, GaP, and AlAs. In addition, certain of the results have been reduced to the intrinsic optical property, the absorption coefficient. In the discussion of results, particular emphasis is given to the fundamental lattice absorption region, known as the reststrahlen frequency, and to multiple-phonon processes. These latter processes result in characteristic absorption spectra, whose features are assigned to certain critical points in the Brillouin zone. As a result, reliable estimates of the phonon dispersion for certain symmetry directions can be made. (Author)


A description is given of the theory and performance of the television system based upon the Iconoscope and Kinescope. The cathode-ray transmitting and receiving tubes used in the system are discussed in detail, considering not only the physical principles involved but also the operating characteristics. — In conclusion, an account is presented of the television project at the Empire State Building (New York), describing the terminal equipment and giving examples of the 441-line picture that can be transmitted and received.


The Ricketti's big-footed bat, Myotis ricketti, has been reported in Beijin g, Chengdu and Guangdong for the first time. At the same time, the distribution in China and morphologic characteristics of the species in previous papers are r eviewed in the present paper.


Between June 2000 and December 2001, 684 surgical procedures (herniorrhaphy) were performed at Surgery Division of Policlinico Bancario (Buenos Aires) in 620 patients. 88 patients presented 106 inguinocrural hernia and a predesign polipropylene prosthetic hernia system was used. This system was adapted to all kind of hernia with the ring measuring not over 6 cm in diameter and this was a valid option in the treatment of both bilateral and relapsed hernias. The advantages observed were: low rate of relapses, low complaints in the patient's symptoms, earlier return to work activities, a more simple technical procedure, rapid and economical learning curve, saving in surgical procedure duration time and it could be applicable in almost all kind of inguinocrural hernias. The objective is to show our experience with the use of this prosthetic tridimensional system for the treatment of inguinocrural hernias, with no cases relapsed in a two year follow-up time.


In Si photonics, the light source is a key. Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient Si-based light source, in which bis(2-phenylpyridine) iridium(III) acetylacetonate [(ppy)2Ir(acac)] phosphor is used as emitters and a Au-doped n+-Si is used as a hole-injection adjustable anode. This Si-based electrophosphorescent device achieves a power efficiency of 52.6 lm/W at 2.9 V, which corresponds to a power conversion efficiency of 10.0%, a level that is sufficient for commercial use.


This chapter reviews past radio frequency identification (RFID) literature within the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry and the impact of consumer benefits on the perceived risks of item-level RFID. Two new categories are used to measure this impact; the separation of consumers' interactions with the technology to in-store and after-sales allows the consumers expectation of privacy to changes depending on the surrounding environment. A quantitative survey on primary household grocery purchasers within the USA revealed that while consumers are aware of the associated privacy risks after sale, they would be willing to use the technology, given sufficient benefits. This important step in RFID literature changes the conversation from a privacy risk management focus to a balanced integration of the technology, focusing on consumer benefits to manage the roll-out within the FMCG industry.


The design of medical devices could be applied and developed
for new microscopic surgical procedures instead of the traditional
surgical procedures.


This research aims to understand how the urban legislation affects the production processes of the Public Open Spaces System in Social Housing Sets, produced in the city of Araguari Minas Gerais between the years of 1965 to 2015, in order to increase knowledge about the complex process of formation of the peripheric urban landscapes. It was evaluated how the projective parameters set by town planning legislation, had impacted in the design and in the appropriation conditions of social housing sets and your public open spaces system, from the urbanistic design proposal to the current reality of deployments. It started from the hypothesis that lack of obligation of a landscape design for the urban project approval by city hall contributes significantly to the lack of urban environmental quality that the public open spaces system of these sets has, directly impacting on the qualification of peripheric urban landscapes. It was observed from the analysis of the sets, from the perspective of its public open spaces such as town planning legislation has allowed consolidating a housing model increasingly reductionist, hostile and segregating.


: We propose a new lifetime model derived from the T-X generator called the new family of Kies Burr XII (NFKBXII) distribution. The NFKBXII density function is symmetrical, right-skewed, left-skewed, J, reverse-J, U and exponential shaped. The NFKBXII model failure rates can be monotone and non-monotone in shapes depending on the selection
of the parameters. To show the importance of the NFKBXII distribution, we establish various mathematical properties such as random number generator, moments, density functions of record values, reliability and characterizations. We address the maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) for the NFKBXII parameters. We estimate the precision of the maximum likelihood estimators via a simulation study. We consider an application
to serum-reversal times to clarify the potentiality and utility of the NFKBXII model along with NKBXII, KMBXII, KBXII, NKL, KL, MBXII, MBIII, Weibull and inverse Weibull distributions. We apply goodness of fit statistics (GOFs), various model selection criteria, and graphical tools to examine the adequacy of the NFKBXII distribution.


The HPLC method was established to determine the fingerprint of the Chinese traditional medicine Buyanghuanwu decoction.Chromatographic conditions included Krosmasil C18 column(250×4.6 mm,5 μm) and the mobile phase composed of a mixture of acetonitrile-water(gradient elution),detection wavelength at 220 nm.The mobile phase flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.Thirteen peaks were observed on the HPLC fingerprint of Buyanghuanwu decoction.The results showed that the method was reliable and could be helpful for the quality control of Buyanghuanwu decoction.


Many of the ceramic coating material can be exposed to harsh working conditions because of their excellent characteristics. Therefore, for producing superior coating materials, it is necessary to establish a methodology for evaluating the mechanical properties of these materials. In the formedr report, nine kinds of TiN film 5μm thick, which were deposited on the different parent materials under different N2 partial pressure were scratched and the relationship between the characteristics of the detected acoustic emission(AE)signals and the fracture modes of the film(i.e. cracking, chipping and flaking)was investigated. As the results, it was clarified that fractal dimension m determined AE peak amplitude distributions became grater than three when the fracture mode was cracking, the dimension became between one and three when the mode was chipping, and the dimension became less than one when the mode was flaking. However, it is necessary for evaluating the fracture mechanism to recognize the information on the changes of the fracture modes which is included in an AE event. In this report, wavelet transform(WT)was used to attain the subject. From the experimental results, it was found that the changes of the fracture mode are evaluated by observing the time-frequency analysis with WT.


This is a presentation on how tillage systems, crop rotation and environmental factors affect spring wheat and its' yield. The weather, soil moisture, soil temperature, growing degree days, crop emergence, main stem development, tiller development, heads produced, plant dry matter and crop yield were reviewed.


A large volume of overburden and mine wastes is generated during the extraction and beneficiation of the low grade ores. The waste low grade manganiferous iron ore fine from southern part of India was studied for recovery of iron values. The chemical assay of the sample is 52.36% Fe, 4.75% Mn, 8.5% SiO2 and 2.82% Al2O3. The characterization study of the sample indicates the presence of microplaty hematite, goethite, pyrolusite, cryptomelane with minor amount of quartz and kaolinite. The beneficiation study of the sample does not respond to the conventional route of desliming the ground feed followed by gravity separation and magnetic separation. Therefore, an alternative technique of reduction roasting using a producer gas was attempted at different conditions. The characterization of roasted product reveals the phase transformation to magnetite and microplaty magnetite. The low intensity magnetic separation conducted with the roasted products generated at optimal condition shows that 70% concentrate having 64.5% Fe and 1.87% Mn could be produced. The high manganese in the concentrate works as an additive for making pellet with enhancement in pellet strength and drop in reducibility. Utilization of mines waste has significant impact on mineral resources and environmental hazard.


The Pb(Ⅱ) in water was harmful to the ecology and human.One way to reduce Pb(Ⅱ) in wastewater was adsorption,which was with easy craft,low cost and easy to operate.The absorbents used in the treatment can be reused and it would lower the cost.The treatment had no or little secondary pollution to our environment.The application of the three absorbents used in treating Pb(Ⅱ) in wastewater was firstly reviewed,namely the natural absorbent,biological absorbent and nano absorbent.The future of new adsorbents was prospected.


99 www.wjir.org  Abstract— An amplifier is an electronic device that amplifies the weak signal or increases the strength of a weak signal. It can either be a separate piece of equipment or an electrical circuit contained within another device. Every device or circuit, be it analog or digital requires signal amplification at one level or the other during their functioning. Considering the most basic amplifiers i.e. single-stage amplifiers which are the basic building block of all the amplifiers, be it a multi-stage amplifier or a differential amplifier. This paper presents the analysis of the parameter of a single stage signal transistor amplifier using 2N2222A transistor base on maximum rating of the transistor. A Complete Common Emitter Transistor Amplifier was design ,the battery voltage(VCC), collector resistor (RC), emitter resistor (RE), bias resistors R1 and R2, additional resistor Rg between the emitter resistor and the transistor , values of capacitors ( input, output and emitter) were calculated. Actual performance of the complete circuit was tested using Multisim 9 Soft ware, the resistance at which the amplifier instantaneously generates Gain, the range of the Input Voltage at which the amplifier has different Output Voltage and different Gain, the saturation point of amplifier, the cut-off frequencies, the Passband or Bandwidth (BW) of the amplifier, the relationship between additional Resistor (Rg), Input Voltage(Vin), frequency respond and Gain were determined and presented graphically.


On 16 May 2012, following a Phase II investigation, the European Commission approved the acquisition of control by German company Sudzucker, Europe's largest sugar producer, over UK company…


The technology combined electro-osmosis with electrolysis is called diaphragm electrolysis. It is applied extensively in the field of chemical industry, environmental protection, nonferrous metallurgy etc.In this article the damental principle of diaphragm electrolysis is introduced and the research_and_development advance is discussed.


Objectives : To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of three extractions [ n -Hexane ( n -HE), ethyl alcohol (EAE) and aqueous extract (AE)] of Pimpinella tirupatiensis ( Pt ) tuberous root on the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level of rats during streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes. Methods : Experimental diabetes was induced by intra peritoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg b.w.). FBG level was determined at 0 hour (before extract [DS1]  administration), 1st, 3rd 5th and 7th hour (after extract administration) by using electronic glucometer (accucheck). Results : We observed, AE showed a maximum efficacy with a dosage of 750 mg/ kg b.w. at 5 th hour which is about 49% reduction in FBG level over zero time values. Hence, we have selected 750 mg dose of AE of Pt to investigate the long term effect on down regulation of blood glucose level. Oral administration of AE (750 mg/kg b.w./day) for 30 days showed a significant antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats. However, no significant changes were noticed in blood glucose level in normal rats treated with AE alone. It seems AE considerably reduced the blood glucose concentration in a similar manner to that of reference drug glibenclamide (20 mg/kg b.w.) in diabetic rats. Conclusion : These results suggest that Pimpinella tirupatiensis aqueous extract is beneficial in the control of diabetes by reduction of blood glucose levels.


e20508 Background: This study aimed to explore the value of metabolic features in predicting the response to induction immuno-chemotherapy in locally advanced NSCLC, using dynamic total body [18F]FDG PET/CT. Methods: The LA-NSCLC patients who received two cycles of induction immuno-chemotherapy were analyzed in the study. The 60-minute dynamic total body [18F]FDG PET/CT scan was administered before treatment. The primary tumors (PTs) were manually delineated. The metabolic features including the Patlak-Ki, Patlak-Intercept, the SUVmax, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of PTs were evaluated. Using the Patlak graphical analysis, the Patlak-Ki of PTs was calculated from the 20-60 minutes frames. The Laplacian feature importance scores was used to select the best feature and an unsupervised K-Means method was applied to cluster patients. ROC curve was used to examine the effect of selected metabolic feature in predicting tumor response to treatment. The targeted next generation sequencing on 1021 genes was conducted. The expressions of CD68, CD86, CD163, CD206, CD33, CD34, Ki67 and VEGFA were assayed by immunohistochemistry. The independent samples t test and the Mann-Whitney U test were applied in the intergroup comparison. Results: Thirty-seven LA-NSCLC patients were analyzed between September 2020 and November 2021. All patients received two cycles of induction chemotherapy combined with Nivolumab/ Camrelizumab. The Laplacian scores showed that the Patlak-Ki of PTs had the highest importance for patient clustering, and the unsupervised K-Means derived decision boundary of Patlak-Ki was 2.779 ml/min/100g. Then Patients were divided into a high FDG Patlak-Ki (H-FDG-Ki, Patlak-Ki > 2.779 ml/min/100g) group (n = 23) and a low FDG Patlak-Ki (L-FDG-Ki, Patlak-Ki ≤ 2.779 ml/min/100g) group (n = 14). The ORR to induction immuno-chemotherapy was 67.6% (25/37) in the whole cohort, with 87% (20/23) in H-FDG-Ki group and 35.7% (5/14) in the L-FDG-Ki group (P = 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of Patlak-Ki in predicting the treatment response were 80% and 75%, respectively [AUC = 0.775 (95%CI 0.605-0.945)]. The expression of CD3+/CD8+ T cells and CD86+/CD163+/CD206+ macrophages were higher in the H-FDG-Ki group, while Ki67, CD33+ myeloid cells, CD34+ micro-vessel density (MVD) and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were comparable between the two groups. Conclusions: The total body [18F]FDG PET/CT scanner performed a dynamic acquisition of the entire body and clustered LA-NSCLC patients into H-FDG-Ki and L-FDG-Ki groups based on the Patlak-Ki. H-FDG-Ki patients had better response to induction immuno-chemotherapy and higher immune cells infiltrations in the PTs than L-FDG-Ki patients. Further studies in a large patient cohort are warranted.


Mei Purbaningrum, R0211032, 2015. The Noise relationship with fatigue and
Blood Pressure Copper Craft Workers in Cepogo Boyolali. 4 Diploma in
Occupational Safety and Health Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University,
Surakarta.
Background: The noise can impact adverse effects to human health. It can be
related to nonauditory form of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and
abnormalities indokrin system, In addition to the health effects both physically
and psychologically, which would disrupt the talks, concentration, rest and sleep,
which will result in fatigue, stress and negative behavior research the aim is
generally to determine the relationship of noise with fatigue and blood pressure
copper craftsmen working in Cepogo Boyolali.
Methods: This study is an analytic survey research with cross sectional design.
The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Population is copper craft
workers in Boyolali Cepogo numbered 82 people. It's using the Sound Level
Meter, Reaction Timer and sphygmomanometers. The data analysis technique
used is statistical test sperman.
Results: The noise, which are grouped in three parts: the establishment
(92,98dB), carving (90,55dB), finishing (93,67dB), while the intensity of fatigue
grouped into three, namely: Normal (26.6%), Lightweight (67,3%), weight
(5,7%), blood pressure sostolic grouped into three, namely: Normal (5,7%),
PraHipertensi (73,1%) and hypertension (21,1%) and blood pressure diastolic
namely: Normal (25%), PraHipertensi (53,8%) and hypertension (21,1%) .
Statistical test results Person Product Moment with r = -0,804, -0,887 (sistolic)
and -0,500 (diastolic), p = 0,406, 0,319 (sistolic) and 0,667(diastolic) or p> 0.05.
this shows there is no significant relationship between noise with fatigue and
blood pressure.
Conclusion : There was no significant correlation between The Noise relationship
with fatigue and Blood Pressure Copper Craft Workers in Cepogo Boyolali
Keyword : The Nisse, fatigue and blood preassure.


Mutations in MeCP2 result in a crippling neurological disease, but we lack a lucid picture of MeCP2s molecular role. Focusing on individual transcriptomic studies yields inconsistent differentially expressed genes. We have aggregated and homogeneously processed modern public MeCP2 transcriptome data, which we present in a web portal. With this big data, we discovered a commonly perturbed core set of genes that transcends the limitations of any individual study. We then found distinct consistently up and downregulated subsets within these genes. We observe enrichment for this mouse core in other species MeCP2 models and see overlap between this core and ASD models. Analysis of signal to noise finds that many studies lack enough biological replicates. By integrating and examining transcriptomic data at scale, we have generated a valuable resource and insight on MeCP2 function.


Vulvar edema (VE) is a rare condition that may occur in either pregnant or nonpregnant women. A methodical approach through historical and physical examination is fundamental to diagnose the underlying etiology, but some patients may require further biological and radiological assessments. Recurrence of VE in successive pregnancies is a peculiar condition and has not yet been described in the literature. We report a case of an isolated VE reoccurring in two successive pregnancies with a particular cauliflower-like appearance.


The performance of mixed-mode ICs can be severely limited by the substrate noise that is generated by digital circuits. To reduce this problem and to assess its evolution with CMOS technology scaling, the different mechanisms that generate this substrate noise need to be well understood. In this paper, we show that with technology scaling substrate noise due to power-supply-line coupling becomes the dominant coupling mechanism, which is several orders of magnitude larger than the substrate noise due to the source/drain capacitive coupling and the impact ionization. Further, we show that the peak value of the power-supply-line coupling noise becomes more dependent on the switching activity ratio of the circuit rather than the Ldi/dt noise as a result of the decrease in switching time with technology scaling. These insights are believed to be very useful for the development of low-noise digital design techniques in future CMOS technologies.


Many earth structures are protected against erosion with grass cover. 'Green' protection is often applied in difficult conditions of water deficit - on slopes, over high per- meable layers, over drainage. Geocomposite with superabsorbent (SAP) placed in the root zone could improve the situation, because of SAP ability to retain water which can be later used by plants during draught periods. Preliminary tests made in different scales (in small containers and in natural conditions) have shown that the presence of SAP geocomposite in the vegetative layer causes more intensive growth and better development of grass root system. Positive results of research on the new material usage in bio- technical slope protection was an impulse to begin investigation on its applications in agriculture, horticulture, forestry. At this stage only qualitative evaluation tests, based on observations, have been made. The investigation will be continued with a more compre- hensive program and quantitative analysis of results.


In Bangladesh the nongovernmental organizations (NGO) are involed in various fields and no universal consensus exists on how one should define NGO. When one begins to consider the health problems of the population health status of mothers and children tops the list. This particular sector is characterized by high mortality rates which are preventable and in most cases easily treatable. Approximately 22% of all children die before age 5. The maternal mortality rate for Bangladesh varies from 5.7 to 7.1/100 live virths. To have any effect on the high mortality rates carefully designed programs must be prepared staffs trained logistics developed and services delivered. Services both at the Rural Health Complex (RHC) and Health and Family Welfare Center (HFWC) levels are mostly curative in nature which will have little impact in bringing down infant or early childhood mortality rates or even maternal mortality rates. It is necessary to consider training health and family planning workers at the ward level alloswing them to deliver services at the bari level. These services should include the following for the child under 5: extended immunization program for 6 diseases; knowledge on how to prepare oral rehydration fluid using lobon gur and pani (water); promotion of breastfeeding; nutrition monitoring; provision of vitamin A capsules every 6 months; provision of deworming tablets; and conducting a scabies program. For the mother the service should include the following: monitor the progress through an antenatal care; provide iron folic acid tables in the last 3 monts of pregnancy; provide nutrition education; examine urine for albumin to identify preeclamtic mothers; offer delivery services through trained midwives and contraceptive services; and give mothers seeds to encourage home gardening. Both NGO and government are delivering nutrition and family planning services. If the joined forces their combined efforts would yield greater results. The government has the infrastructure the manpower and the commitnment to provide primary health care to Bangladesh. The NGOS can offer their field wxperiences assist in training and provide logistical support. It is the task of mothers and fathers and of health systems using the primary health care approach to ensure a fairer chance for the survival of every child who is born.


Orange is one of preference agricultural products by consumers, because it has several benefits suchas vitamin C and antioxidants. The fruit is often used for gift when someone visits the relatives, thus the quality of orange is mostly detected by visual suchas size and skin color of the fruit. Determination of the quality is done manually because it takes faster. The manual grading has the weakness and less effisien, resulting several quality gradings and needs man power more. Using the man power tend to be subjective judgement. One of the ways to increase the productivity to determine the orange quality is that using grading methode using technology real time digital analysis mechanically. The aims of the resarch is to design of grading machine and grading program based on diameter and skin color of the orange that analysed by real time image processing. Based on the research result, this system can be applied on orange grading. The capacity of the manual grading is 1,276 fruit/hour,meanwhile capacity of the grading system is 712.87 fruit/hour. From the speed of the process and grading capacity, the manual methode is better instead of grading system using image processing. Meanwhile for the quality of the grading, Using the grading system based on the image processing can be said that it is suitable toward the standard. If using manual grading, it use the principle of habit, without really measure specifically and detail.


Lewis acid-catalyzed reaction of N-(o-aminophenyl)pyrrole (I) with various aromatic aldehydes in short reaction time (1-2h) proceeds by a modified Pictet—Spengler reaction to give dihydropyrroloquinoxalines (III).


Breakthroughs in genome-wide mapping technologies and network biology-based computational strategies now allow for the first steps to be taken in the exploration of chromatin organization and gene regulation. Understanding how human genome function is regulated by multiple proteins and other biomolecules, as well as their interactions, is crucial for discovering novel therapies for incurable diseases. Such complex disorders, such as cancer, emerge despite nature's sophisticated strategies to restore mutation-based dysregulation of gene-expression patterns. Yet, gene function represents a daunting challenge to unravel. Emerging strategies mapping physical molecules connections and constructing predictive models are rapidly developing to elucidate the genome's structure and function in both health and disease and predictive models of both regulatory functional interactions and chromatin dynamic states represent an essential destination of future innovative research to achieve a revolution in health. Chromatin consists of genomic DNA and regulatory proteins, and thus, plays a critical role in dynamic complex regulatory networkbased gene function. Nucleosomes, the basic packaging units of chromatin, consist of DNA wrapped around histone proteins, with a variety of mechanisms influencing nucleosome positions [1]. In chromatin, apart from histones, there are also tens of thousands of proteins and their dynamic interactions drive chromatins' dynamic complex state and gene regulation. Despite an incredibly complex investigation into chromatin, the goal to assess its architecture and physical connections appears realistic, but the prediction [2–4] of functional regulatory networks represents a daunting future challenge and at the same time a high priority of translational and genomic medicine [5,6].


The article deals with the reasons of social orphanhood, methodological approaches to sociological research are grounded, methods and tools are presented.


6547Background: Disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) are longstanding. Previous studies show links between minority use of low quality hospitals, suggesting a role for location of care in dispari...


This paper deals with the modeling and control of robotic manipulators with flexible link by means of singular perturbations techniques. For the sake of simplicity, only the simple case of a manipulator consisting of one flexible link rotating in the horizontal plane and clamped in a rigid base is considered. It can be shown by using perturbation methods that for a small perturbation parameter (proportional to the inverse of the square of the oscillation frequency of the first beam mode), the manipulator tends to a rigid one. We propose a control scheme based on the rigid model and taking into account the flexibility effect at the endpoint of the link. The results are illustrated by simulations.<<ETX>>


A combination therapy of tetracycline and nicotinamide without systemic corticosteroid for bullous pemphigoid has recently been reported to be effective without severe adverse effects. Because minocycline can be administered twice a day, we used minocycline as a substitute for tetracycline. In this study, 11 Japanese patients with bullous pemphigoid were treated primarily with minocycline and nicotinamide without systemic corticosteroid. Seven patients achieved complete remission, 3 did not respond to this therapy, and it was impossible to evaluate I patient because minocycline was substituted for tetracycline because of vertigo and pneumonitis. All seven patients who achieved complete remission responded within two weeks (6.7 days on average). Pneumonitis, probably caused by minocycline, was observed in two patients, and should be considered as one of the side effects of this therapy. In conclusion, the combination of minocycline and nicotinamide can be regarded as an effective a regimen for bullous pemphigoid patients as a combination therapy of tetracycline and nicotinamide.


The invention discloses a multistation automatic constant-temperature spraying and coating system which comprises a water curtain constant-temperature spraying and coating device, a coating constant-temperature device, a water cooler and a control system, wherein the water cooler is connected with a water inlet/outlet valve on a water tank through a water inlet/outlet pipe, a coating tank is connected with a multistation automatic spray gun through a coating inlet pipe; the system automatically controls an electric heating pipe for heating water or controls the water cooler for cooling water to regulate working temperature of a coating through the control system according to the temperature of the coating so that the working temperature of the coating is kept within a set temperature range; and the system automatically controls a cold/ hot air pipe through the control system according to the working environment temperature to judge whether cold air or hot air is conveyed to the water curtain constant-temperature spraying and coating device and the air volume so that the working temperature of the coating is kept within a set working temperature range. Because the temperature of the coating and the working environment temperature of spraying and coating are controlled, the spraying and coating quality of the coating is greatly improved. The invention is suitable for protection of a pipeline fastening member.


This study attempts to discover the perceptions of learners in the Malaysian context toward the instructional approach used in the teaching of literature in English. Due to the multiracial nature of the typical classroom in Malaysia, with its linguistic, cultural, and social differences, the teaching of English literature assumes an important role in the curriculum. For the purpose of this study, questionnaires were distributed to students and interviews were conducted. These questionnaires were designed to obtain information regarding perceptions toward the learning of English literature in relation to the demographic and educational background of students. The findings of the survey show that the respondents agreed to most of the pedagogical assumptions used in the teaching of literature in English. An analysis of the perceptions of the respondents showed a significant difference for two determinants across gender. The female respondents perceived the sociopolitical and mythological determinants to be more important in the learning of literature in English than their male counterparts.


In this study, we investigated the effects of UBM(Under Bump Metallization) and solder composition on the drop impact reliability of wafer level packaging. Fan-in type WLP chips were prepared with different solder ball composition (Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu, and Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu) and UBM (Cu 10 , Cu 5 \Ni 3 ). Drop test was performed up to 200 cycles with 1500G acceleration according to JESD22-B111. Cu\Ni UBM showed better drop performance than Cu UBM, which could be attributed to suppression of IMC formation by Ni diffusion barrier. SAC105 was slightly better than SAC305 in terms of MTTF. Drop failure occurred at board side for Cu UBM and chip side for Cu\Ni UBM, independent of solder composition. Corner and center chip position on the board were found to have the shortest drop lifetime due to stress waves generated from impact.


The widespread practice whereby great emphasis is placed on the harmful effects of stress with only token acknowledgement to the beneficial effects is questioned. While accepting that stress may result in serious problems, it argues that stress is frequently enjoyed and sought by managers. The limitations of many current definitions are discussed and an alternative proposed, the definition of which accepts that stress can result in both stimulation and/or strain. Such an understanding is demanded.


We propose an efficient method for designing broad beams with spatially flat array factor and efficient power utilization for cell-specific coverage in communication systems equipped with large antenna arrays. To ensure full power efficiency, the method is restricted to phase-only weight manipulations. Our framework is based on the discovered connection between dual-polarized beamforming and polyphase Golay sequences. Exploiting this connection, we propose several methods for array expansion from smaller to larger sizes, while preserving the radiation pattern. In addition, to fill the gaps in the feasible array sizes, we introduce the concept of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-complementarity that relaxes the requirement on zero side lobes of the sum aperiodic autocorrelation function of a sequence pair. Furthermore, we develop a modified Great Deluge algorithm (MGDA) that finds <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-complementary pairs of arbitrary length, and hence enables broad beamforming for arbitrarily-sized uniform linear arrays. We also discuss the extension of this approach to two-dimensional uniform rectangular arrays. Our numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach with respect to existing beam-broadening methods.


Edges are one of the most perceptually important features in images that provide geometric information to views to distinguish objects in a scene. Wavelet based coding algorithms have been successful in image compression, but like classical cosine transform methods, they are unable to provide a good representation of 2D edges. Cel-based animation sequences, or cartoons, contain predominantly edge information. Although these types of images are relatively less complex than real-life images, the geometrical structures within the cel images challenge even the most complex wavelet-based coders. Wedgelets and beamlets are able to capture geometrical structures in images more efficiently than wavelets. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid image coder that utilises both wavelets and wedgelets to code cartoon images. Our prototype coder demonstrates significant improvements in visual quality of wedgelet/ beamlet coded cartoon images over standard wavelet-based coding techniques.


Aim. To study the immediate results of extended modified mastectomy with the closure of the soft tissue defect in the chest wall using the patient's tissues in diffuse forms of breast cancer.Materials and methods. Advanced modified mastectomy with soft tissue defect closure of the chest wall by the thoracodorsal and lower abdominal horizontal flap on the rectus abdominis was performed in 24 patients with diffuse forms of breast cancer.Results and discussion. Primary healing of the wounds was observed in 21 (87,5%) patients. Marginal necrosis of the displaced flap was found in 2 cases, and necrosis of 2/3 of the displaced flap was found in 1 case, which was 12,5%.Conclusions. The use of TD- and TRAM-flaps to close the defect of soft tissues of the chest wall after intraoperative complications did not accompany extended modified mastectomy. Local complications in the form of marginal necrosis occurred in 12.5% of cases.


Reasonable scheduling method is the key to realize the safety and economic operation of active distribution network. Considering the real-time volatility of new energy generation such as wind or photovoltaic, real-time control is required during the scheduling process. At present, the active distribution network optimization scheduling has less research in terms of covering various loads of cold, heat and electricity. On the basis of considering the real-time volatility of distributed generation, a layered real-time optimization and coordinated scheduling method is proposed. The power layer is responsible for the power supply of important electrical loads, the load layer regulates the output of the gas generator, and the remaining schedulable power is used to meet the cold/heat load demand, thereby realizing the refined and intensive development of the energy utilization mode. Through the simulation and analysis of the actual situation of the active distribution network in a park, the rationality and effectiveness of the layered coordination control method are verified.


The present invention is to solve is to provide a technique for having the texture structure than by the conventional simple method for producing a surface and the other surface has a higher reflectivity than the reflective surface having a textured structure of the surface optical confinement effective silicon substrate. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor substrate according to the present invention includes: blasting process for a silicon ingot by a first surface of a silicon substrate sliced state sliced manufactured, surface treatment by sandblasting; and a surface treatment step, in the after the blasting process described, using any one or more contained in the etching solution of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, the surface-treated silicon substrate.


The vast majority of electrical receivers, although working at nominal load, have a power factor far below neutral and then there is a need to improve the power factor by reducing reactive power and distorting power.


English /l/ is one of the later‐developing sounds in language acquisition. It has syllable‐based allophones (e.g., light l in initial, dark l in final) and comprises multiple articulatory gestures (e.g., tongue tip fronting and raising, tongue dorsum backing, lateral dipping) with different coordination in timing and magnitude in syllable position (e.g., synchronicity in initial, tongue tip delay in final with greater reduction in magnitude). Using ultrasound, this study examined how articulatory characteristics of /l/ are presented in children's speech production. Replicating previous articulatory studies in adult speech production, /l/ words in isolation and combination were collected from eight monolingual children aged 3;11 to 5;9. Although some children produced more similar to adult /l/, children produced /l/ using different articulatory properties. /l/ was produced with less detail and more variations than in the adults' speech as movements of the tongue were simplified or modified. While articulat...


Wireless video transmission over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is a challenging theme. Eigen beam-space division multiplexing (E-SDM) is an optimal beamforming technique in terms of channel capacity when the transmitter and receiver can share channel state information. E-SDM sorts the channel quality from the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to the lowest one. This paper presents the video transmission scheme for H.264 scalable video streams over MIMO E-SDM with optimized packetization. The proposed method controls the ratio of a base layer and enhancement layers contained in a packet. The result shows that the optimized ratio is obtained when a packet consists of the lowest base layer ratio. This ratio provides the 39.9 dB of peak-signal-to-noise ratio after decoding while no frame can be decoded with the other ratio at SNR of 10 dB.


Endoscopic musical resection (EMR) is a mini-invasive, affordable and effective method for removing benign polyps and early carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Compared to surgical treatment, it offers a safer alternative with better results and a faster recovery for the patient. Complications that may occur after polypectomy by EMR are amenable to endoscopic treatment with good success following the recommendations for endoscopic management after iatrogenic perforations. The presented clinical case proves that the risk of perforation increases with the size of the polyp, and that polypectomy in such cases should be performed by an experienced endoscopist and a trained team to ensure successful treatment.


Thecharacteristics ofcation outward rectifier channels were studied inprotoplasts fromwheatroot(Triticum aestivum L.and Triticum turgidum L.)cells using thepatch clamptechnique. The cation outward rectifier channels werevoltage-dependent witha single channel conductance of32± Ipicosiemens in100millimolar KCI. Whole-cell currents weredominated bytheactivity of thecation outward rectifiers. Thetime- andvoltage-dependence ofthesecurrents wasaccounted forbythesummedbehavior of individual channels recorded fromoutside-out detached patches. TheK+/Na+ permeability ratio ofthesechannels wasmeasured inasalt-sensitive andsalt-tolerant genotype ofwheatthat differ inrates ofNa+accumulation, using avoltage rampprotocol on protoplasts inthewhole-cell configuration. Permeability ratios werecalculated fromshifts inreversal potentials following ion substitutions. Therewerenosignificant differences intheK+/Na+ permeability ratios ofthesechannels inrootcells fromeither of thetwogenotypes tested. Thepermeability ratio forK+/Cl- was greater than50:1. TheK+/Na+ permeability ratio averaged 30:1, whichistwotofourtimes moreselective thanthesametypeof channel inguard cells andsuspension culture cells. Lowering the Ca2+concentration inthebathsolution to0.1millimolar inthe presence of100millimolar Na+hadnosignificant effect onthe K+/Na+ permeability ratios ofthechannel. Itseemsunlikely that themechanism ofsalt tolerance inwheatisbasedondifferences intheK+/Na+ selectivity ofthese channels.


Calretinin is thought to play roles in calcium buffering. Its site of expression has been extensively studied in the central nervous system. We previously reported (Hong et al., 2002, Neurosci. Res., 44:325–335) calretinin expression in the superficial layers of the cat superior colliculus (SC). In the present study, we studied the distribution of calretinin in the intermediate and deep layers by immunocytochemistry. We found striking differences in calretinin immunoreactivity among the superficial, intermediate, and deep layers. In contrast to the superficial layers, the intermediate and deep layers contained many calretinin‐immunoreactive (IR) neurons. They formed two laminar tiers. The first tier, which was very distinctive, was found within the upper intermediate gray layers and formed clusters of labeled neurons in many sections. The second tier of calretinin‐IR neurons was found in the deep gray layer. However, the second tier was not distinctive compared to the first tier and the labeled neurons did not form any clusters. Calretinin‐IR neurons in the intermediate and deep layers varied dramatically in morphology and included vertical fusiform, pyriform, and stellate neurons. Neurons with varicose dendrites were also labeled. Most of the labeled neurons were small to medium in size. Enucleation appeared to have no effect on the distribution of calretinin immunoreactivity in the contralateral intermediate and deep layers of the SC. The results indicate that calretinin is present in various neurons, at different locations. These results should be applicable for better understanding of the functional organization of the SC.


Accurate statistical analysis of spatial data is important in many applications. Failing to properly account for spatial autocorrelation may often lead to false conclusions. At the same time, the e ...


Renewable energy sources are expected to play a significant role in resolving India's increasing energy demand. With increasing concerns over climate change and the concepts of sustainability, the need for renewable energy sources that also promise higher incentives for customers become vital. This research work determines the profitability of residential on-grid solar systems in India by conducting a cost benefit analysis using Net present value (NPV) and Payback Period (PBP) as the primary indicators. The impacts of Maintenance costs, Net metering incentives (NMI) and Subsidies on NPV and PBP are studied later in this paper. Annual income generation using feed-in-tariffs (FiT's) have also been discussed. Conclusions along with Policy recommendations for improving profitability thereby making on-grid residential solar energy more lucrative have been put up in the last sections of this research paper.


Background/Aims Early childhood adiposity may have significant later health effects, highlighting the importance of early recognition in young children. This study examines the prevalence and recognition of obesity and severe obesity in preschool-aged children. Methods The electronic medical record was used to examine body mass index (BMI), height, sex, and race/ ethnicity in 42,559 children aged 3–5 years 2007–2010 within Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Normal BMI (BMI <85th percentile); overweight (BMI 85th–94th percentile); obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile); and extreme obesity (BMI ≥99th percentile or BMI ≥1.2×95th BMI percentile) were classified using the 2000 Center for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Provider recognition of elevated BMI was examined for obese children aged 5 years. Results Among 42,559 children, 12.4% (2,698 of 21,720) of boys and 10.0% (2,077 of 20,839) of girls had BMI ≥95th percentile. The prevalence was highest among Hispanics (18.2%, 982 of 5,397 boys and 15.2%, 760 of 4,988 girls), followed by blacks (12.4%, 161 of 1,138 boys and 12.7%, 154 of 1,216 girls). A positive trend existed between BMI category and median height percentile, with obesity rates highest in the highest height quintile. The proportion with BMI ≥99th percentile was 3.9% (1,670 of 42,559), nearly two-fold higher for boys (66.8%, 1,116 of 1,670) versus girls (33.2%, 554 of 1,670), and identified a larger proportion of children compared to BMI ≥1.2× 95th BMI percentile (1.6%, P <0.001). Among those aged 5 years, 77.9% of obese children (1082 of 1389) had provider diagnosis of obesity or elevated BMI, increasing to 84.5% (424 of 502) among the subset with severe obesity. Conclusions Obesity and severe obesity are evident as early as age 3–5 years, with race/ ethnic trends similar to older children. This study underscores the need for continued recognition and contextualization of early childhood obesity in order to develop effective strategies for early weight management.


The aim of the project was to identify the components of hillslope runoff in micro catchment scale and to assess the impact of the forest vegetation types on the hydrologic response. At two experimental sites in an alpine forested catchment, measurement devices have been installed. The first is covered by coniferous trees (spruce), the second by mixed type forest (beech, spruce, fir trees) with domination of deciduous species. The subsurface runoff components have been collected and continuously autologged in trenches at three depths (20, 110 and 160 cm). Soil physical analysis and measurements of soil moisture and matric head described the soil water characteristics of the above hillslope sections. First analysis of the data showed differences of hydrologic response due to vegetation type caused by different interception and retention capacities.


In order to isolate antibiotic resistance plasmids from bacterial communities found in activated sludge, derivatives of the 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading strain Pseudomonas sp. B13, tagged with the green ̄uorescent protein as an identi®cation marker, were used as recipients in ®lter crosses. Transconjugants were selected on agar plates containing 3-chlorobenzoate as the sole carbon source and the antibiotic tetracycline, streptomycin or spectinomycin, and were recovered at frequencies in the range of 10 to 10 per recipient. A total of 12 distinct plasmids, designated pB1±pB12, was identi®ed. Their sizes ranged between 41 to 69 kb and they conferred various patterns of antibiotic resistance on their hosts. Two of the plasmids, pB10 and pB11, also mediated resistance to inorganic mercury. Seven of the 12 plasmids were identi®ed as broad-hostrange plasmids, displaying extremely high transfer frequencies in ®lter crosses, ranging from 10 to 10 per recipient cell. Ten of the 12 plasmids belonged to the IncP incompatibility group, based on replicon typing using IncP group-speci®c PCR primers. DNA sequencing of PCR ampli®cation products further revealed that eight of the 12 plasmids belonged to the IncPb subgroup, whereas two plasmids were identi®ed as IncPa plasmids. Analysis of the IncP-speci®c PCR products revealed considerable di€erences among the IncPb plasmids at the DNA sequence level. In order to characterize the gene ``load'' of the IncP plasmids, restriction fragments were cloned and their DNA sequences established. A remarkable diversity of putative proteins encoded by these fragments was identi®ed. Besides transposases and proteins involved in antibiotic resistance, two putative DNA invertases belonging to the Din family, a methyltransferase of a type I restriction/ modi®cation system, a superoxide dismutase, parts of a putative e'ux system belonging to the RND family, and proteins of unknown function were identi®ed.


Background Healthcare databases can be a valuable source of epidemiological research regarding postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE), ie, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), following orthopedic procedures, but only if the diagnoses are valid. We examined the validity of VTE diagnosis codes in the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) by calculating their positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) versus actual medical records. Methods We identified patients who had undergone lower limb surgery during the period 2009–2019 at a hospital in the North Denmark Region. Of these, 420 patients had at least one VTE diagnosis registered in the DNPR within 180 days after lower limb surgery. Each patient with a VTE diagnosis was matched with two patients on age and sex, as well as type, location and period of surgery. The entire medical record and diagnostic imaging were reviewed to confirm VTE diagnosis. Results The overall PPVs was 85.2% (95% CI: 81.5–88.5%) for first time VTE diagnosis following lower limb surgery, 82.6% (95% CI: 77.5–82.8%) for DVT, and 90.3% (95% CI: 84.3–94.6%) for PE. We found improvement in PPV during the study period when stratifying for three periods of the whole period. There were no significant differences when stratifying for sex, age, or surgery site. All negative predictive values were higher than 99%. A total of 113 additional VTE diagnoses were registered among 88 VTE patients during follow-up. Only four of the suspected recurrent VTEs were confirmed to be true recurrent VTEs. Conclusion The VTE diagnosis codes in the DNPR after lower limb orthopedic surgery were highly valid against the actual medical records, and we observed better PPV over recent years.


Aimed at signal design mode of one-phase-one-approach,following the design principle of maximum green wave bandwidth and making use of the time-space analysis method,a new algebraic method of arterial road coordinate control for bidirectional green wave which can be used in the signal design mode of one-phase-one-approach was presented.This method can be used to optimize the phase sequence of each intersection,determine the optimal common signal cycle and signal offsets,and calculate the green wave bandwidth in different arterial road directions.Analysis results show that compared with the algebraic method in the signal design mode of one-phase-symmetry-flow,this method can be used to select the ideal intersection spacing in a larger range and more adapts to the situation which the intersection spacings are uneven.The algebraic method in the signal design mode of one-phase-one-approach has good control result,even if the intersection spacings are uneven.


Purpose of this research is to analyze young job-seekers' preparation for employment process. Participants for the present research include 30 unmarried single males and females in their 20s, who are preparing for employment after graduating four-year colleges. To follow the rule of data triangulati...


The relativistic R-matrix method is used to calculate the total photoionization cross sections from the ground state 1s22s2 1S0 of Al X for photon energies ranges from the first ionization threshold to just above the eighth threshold of the residual ion Al XI. In this work, the relativistic distorted-wave method is employed to calculate the fine-structure energy levels and radial functions. The lowest eight level target states of Al XI are used in the photoionization calculations of Al X and should provide a reasonably complete database for practical application for photoionization cross section for Al X. The resonance energy levels and widths of 18 Rydberg series have been investigated.


Background Eukaryotic gene expression is controlled by cis-regulatory elements (CREs), including promoters and enhancers, which are bound by transcription factors (TFs). Differential expression of TFs and their binding affinity at putative CREs determine tissue- and developmental-specific transcriptional activity. Consolidating genomic data sets can offer further insights into the accessibility of CREs, TF activity, and, thus, gene regulation. However, the integration and analysis of multi-modal data sets are hampered by considerable technical challenges. While methods for highlighting differential TF activity from combined chromatin state data (e.g., ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, or DNase-seq) and RNA-seq data exist, they do not offer convenient usability, have limited support for large-scale data processing, and provide only minimal functionality for visually interpreting results. Results We developed TF-Prioritizer, an automated pipeline that prioritizes condition-specific TFs from multi-modal data and generates an interactive web report. We demonstrated its potential by identifying known TFs along with their target genes, as well as previously unreported TFs active in lactating mouse mammary glands. Additionally, we studied a variety of ENCODE data sets for cell lines K562 and MCF-7, including twelve histone modification ChIP-seq as well as ATAC-seq and DNase-seq datasets, where we observe and discuss assay-specific differences. Conclusion TF-Prioritizer accepts ATAC-seq, DNase-seq, or ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data as input and identifies TFs with differential activity, thus offering an understanding of genome-wide gene regulation, potential pathogenesis, and therapeutic targets in biomedical research.


AIM: To explore the mode of matrix and cell injury of articular cartilage subjected to different abnormal mechanical loads in early stage. METHODS: Single sub impact loads, characterized by a constant stress rate of 0.26 MPa·s -1 with a peak stress between 2 MPa and 11 MPa, were applied to the adult bovine articular cartilage explants, defined as group SI and the explants, subjected to cyclic indentation impacts characterized by a constant stress rate of 51 MPa·s -1 , 0.3 Hz, with the same peak stress as that in group SI, were defined as group CI. No mechanical loads were applied to the control group. All the explants were maintained in culture for the next few days after loads. The spatial patterns and severity of chondrocytes injury were determined using flurescein diacetate and propidium iodide. Matrix damages were assessed by inspection of the microstructure of the collagen fiber network through SEM and by measuring the release of glycosaminoglycans to the culture media using the DMB assay. RESULTS: When the peak stress came to 5 MPa above, the severity of cell death in the explants of both test groups became significantly greater compared to controls, and the greater peak stress was applied, the higher percentage of dead versus total cells was documented. A greater number and a more diffuse distribution of dead cells were observed in group SI compared to group CI with the same peak stress. Damages of the collagen fiber network were more severe in group CI than in group SI. GAG release was significantly higher in group CI than in group SI when exposed to the same peak stress in the first 2 days after loading. CONCLUSION: Load rates can significantly affect the injury modes of articular cartilage subjected to abnormal stress loads. Rapid compressive loads result in more severe matrix damage, whereas slow compressive loads lead to more cell injury. The severity of matrix and cell injury depends on the peak stress applied to the explants when the loading rate is restricted.


Many utilities now use helicopters to conduct transmission line inspections to identify conductor and component damage and corrosion. As shown in Fig. 1, this inspection task is a two stage operation namely, (1) video recording and (2) video inspection to identify the damage. The latter operation is particularly difficult for staff trying to spot conductor damage resulting from a lighting stroke e.g. arc marks or cut strands etc. In practice, one or more members of staff


Multiple-choice test items with more than one correct response are widely used in the medical sciences in licensure and certification examinations. This stud) presents an amalgam of available evidence regarding formats and scoring formulas for this type of item. Strong evidence of cluing in the Type K format that increases percentage of correct scores and reduces test reliabilitiv lead to recommendations of using the Type Xformat. Further recommendations are made regarding alternative methods of scoring Tvpe X items.


There is nothing that is devoid of change. Changes in the educational scenario with the upheveal of the pandemic have been quite of a storm. A classroom transaction earlier used to be a closed intimate framework, where it was practically impossible for anyone other than the teacher and the students to be present. That structure has changed in totality with the advent of digital sessions. From a preschool learner to the postgraduates in colleges, all have been transformed into virtual learners. The changeover has been too sudden that the entire school fraternity has been battling hard to arm themselves with the virtual reality devices they were previously alien too. This paper is an attempt to look into the various facets of online language teaching of learners in higher secondary classes. Augmented reality, virtual reality, online tools, videos and google classrooms have taken over the erstwhile classroom mode and it is with apprehension that we look into how the learners have welcomed this abrupt change. If the need of the hour is an alternative language pedagogy, then the language teachers are to fall in place for the change too.


In this paper, we analyze a wide range of physiological, behavioral, performance, and subjective measures to estimate cognitive load (CL) during e-learning. To the best of our knowledge, the analyzed sensor measures comprise the most diverse set of features from a variety of modalities that have to date been investigated in the e-learning domain. Our focus lies on predicting the subjectively reported CL and difficulty as well as intrinsic content difficulty based on the explored features. A study with 21 participants, who learned through videos and quizzes in a Moodle environment, shows that classifying intrinsic content difficulty works better for quizzes than for videos, where participants actively solve problems instead of passively consuming videos. Regression analysis for predicting the subjectively reported level of CL and difficulty also works with very low error within content topics. Among the explored feature modalities, eye-based features yield the best results, followed by heart-based and then skin-based measures. Furthermore, combining multiple modalities results in better performance compared to using a single modality. The presented results can guide researchers and developers of cognition-aware e-learning environments by suggesting modalities and features that work particularly well for estimating difficulty and CL.


Based on wavelet transform and vector quantization. a scheme for image data compression is presented. Firstly. the image is decomposed by the biorthogonal wavelet filters, and then the wavelet coefficient is encoded by vector quantization. The Frequency Sensitive Self-Organizing Feature Maps (FSOFM) algorithm is used in constructing codebook. A number of computer simulation experimental results show that the blocking' effect can be overcome, and the better reconstructed image can be obtained by the biorthogonal wavelet in comparision with the orthongonal wavelet.


Within Christian communities, the problem of the unity of Scripture involves biblical, theological, and practical dimensions. This interdisciplinary study surveys some of the major questions that emerge for theological interpretation of Scripture that follows the hermeneutical circle of Scripture, theology, and practice. The article also briefly explores a possible model of community response. The investigation first examines questions concerning the unity of Scripture at each of the three interfaces of the hermeneutical circle: (1) Scripture and theology, (2) theology and practice, and (3) praxis and Scripture. Historical examples from various periods in the history of Christianity are employed to describe issues of continuing significance. Particular attention is given to a dialectic in the history of biblical interpretation between "one right meaning" (Irenaeus) and "one right method" (Origen). Each interface offers a differing but potentially complementary perspective on this challenging and perennial problem. Then the article explores responses to the questions for the Christian communities that view Scripture as the primary source of religious authority. The responses use a modified version of canonical hermeneutics and a blended diversity of theological models. The study seeks to show that the development of a hermeneutical circle of community, moving through these three dynamic interfaces, offers an approach that holds the unity of Scripture together with theology and practice.


A new method is presented for computing the inverse of a matrix whose elements are linear combinations of Walsh functions. In this method, linear algebraic equation sets are derived to evaluate the Walsh coefficients of the elements in the inverse matrix. Since these equation sets have small dimensions and regular forms, the new method can be used efficiently, and is suitable for computer programming.


Influence of Irradiationon Osteogenesis invitro. Irradia tion is a weil establishcd therape utical concept to prevent heterotopic ossification after joint replacement. The in fluence of irradiation on proliferation of mature osteo blasts and their potential osteoprogenitors, matrix for mation and mineralization are not weIl known in this setting. We therefore studied the effect of different dos es of ionizing irradiation on the several steps of osteogen esis in vitro, using eells isolated from the juvenile rat. A colony forming test, the MTf-viability assay, a cell count, measurement of the cellular protein content and alkaline phosphatase activity, as weil as determination of in vitro mineralisation have been applied to ealvarian os teoblasts, fibroblasts and stromal bone marrow cells. Ir radiation results in a dose-dependent suppression of clonogenic activity in all mitotically active cells, but metabolie aetivity and matrix synthesis were not im paired. In dense cultures alkaline phosphatase cxpres sion and in vitro mineralisation were not significantly af fected by irradiation. Our experimental in vitro data suggest that irradiation inhibits the initial phase of in vi vo osteogenesis due to the cytostatic effeet. Postopera tive irraditation after THR must therefore take place as early as possible. Thc homoeostasis of normal, ortho topic bone does not seem to be severely affected by loeal low-dose irradiation.


Owing to these qualities, coconut oil has a potential market in the country. Since the price of coconut oil in the international market is very much lower than the domestic price, the quality and the attractiveness of consumer packs are important factors to compete in the world market. WTO-Indian Agriculture and Coconut Sector in India. In the Uruguay round of WTO agreement, many issues were brought into the multilateral negotiations, including agriculture. The idea behind bringing agriculture into multilateral trading system was to make the trade more fair as well as predictable. The agreement dealt with the Liberalisation in the three major areas-market access, export, competition and domestic support with an agreement which was to be implemented in ten years for the developing countries and 6 years for the developed countries. This was from 1995 onwards and therefore by 2004 its implementation was over both the developed and the developing countries. The market access basically means that various types of barriers to trade like quantitative restrictions, ban on imports, etc. have to be removed and need to be converted back into equivalent tariff. All non tariff barriers have to be converted into ordinary bound customs duties. These bound duties have to be reduced over a period of time and the trade becomes more open and hopefully fair. The second important area is the export competition. Export subsidies actually createa lot of distortions in the world market and


STAP is an effective method for clutter suppressing and Reduced-rank STAP can reduce the calculation quantity as well as memory capacity. The connection between the eigenvectors of the clutter covariance matrix and the reduced-rank subspace is analyzed. A method based on the solution of linear equations which can get the whole eigenvectors of the minimum eigenvalues is proposed. By the method, the reduced-rank STAP can be done in the noise subspace without eigen-decomposition. Analysis is made about the distribution of SINR metric in the eigen-space and the solution space. Finally, simulations via real data proved the validity and correctness of the method.


When the reliable energy DC microgrid is connected to or cut off from the utility grid, there will remain an impulse current or voltage to both the microgrid and the utility grid. This paper proposes a flexible control method for reducing the impulse voltage and current while the DC microgrid is connected or cut off from the utility grid. Different control strategies are applied for different situations (divided as connect in and cut off). The main control method has been detailed introduced and the simulation has been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, the control efficiency has been successfully verified through the simulation results.


The experimental study on microwave-vacuum drying of green alfalfa in the drying apparatus of the continuous operation were a research objective. Carotene retention in microwave-vacuum drying process was the main object of this research. Carotene retention during the period of storage of the dried alfalfa was investigated. It is set that microwavevacuum drying ensures good carotene retention in the drying process of green alfalfa and during storage of the dried alfalfa. Low level of carotene destruction in microwave-vacuum drying process is interpreted by the fact that use of vacuum allows to realize drying at lower temperature. Low level of carotene destruction during storage of the dried alfalfa hypothetically is interpreted by the isomerization of carotene reducing its oxidation. The method of microwave-vacuum drying is perspective for the organization of industrial drying of forage and officinal herbs.


Enterprise 2.0 aims to help employees, customers, and suppliers collaborate, share, and organize information. As governments are relevant partners for enterprises (legislation, contracts, etc.) e-government platforms need to be ready for Enterprise 2.0 to what concerns e-government interactions. The public sector holds huge quantities of information and just a small proportion is relevant to each enterprise. Enterprises should only be confronted with relevant information and not flooded with lots of data. This implies data organization with semantic description and services using open standards. The goal is to build a durable information infrastructure for government that can be readily accessed by enterprises. The authors propose a conceptual model for government information provisioning. The rationale for this proposal is to motivate the creation of durable, standard, and open government information infrastructures. The model acquires information from natural language documents and represents it using ontology. A proof-of-concept prototype and its preliminary results are presented.