We describe and discuss the spectral and temporal characteristics of the prompt emission and X-ray afterglow emission of X-ray flashes (XRFs) and X-ray-rich gamma-ray bursts (XRRs) detected and observed by Swift between 2004 December and 2006 September. We compare these characteristics to a sample of conventional classical gamma-ray bursts (C-GRBs) observed during the same period. We confirm the correlation between Epeakobs and fluence noted by others and find further evidence that XRFs, XRRs, and C-GRBs form a continuum. We also confirm that our known redshift sample is consistent with the correlation between the peak energy in the GRB rest frame (Epeaksrc) and the isotropic radiated energy (Eiso), the so-called Epeaksrc-Eiso relation. The spectral properties of X-ray afterglows of XRFs and C-GRBs are similar, but the temporal properties of XRFs and C-GRBs are quite different. We found that the light curves of C-GRB afterglows show a break to steeper indices (shallow-to-steep break) at much earlier times than do XRF afterglows. Moreover, the overall luminosity of XRF X-ray afterglows is systematically smaller by a factor of 2 or more compared to that of C-GRBs. These distinct differences between the X-ray afterglows of XRFs and C-GRBs may be the key to understanding not only the mysterious shallow-to-steep break in X-ray afterglow light curves, but also the unique nature of XRFs.


This session highlighted both the diversity and the specialisation in current occupational therapy practice and the theme of 'Partnerships for Progress' was apparent throughout. Handwriting is a growing area of specialisation. The paper 'Handwriting: a comparative study between "clumsy" and "non-clumsy" children' by Susan Mitchell, St loye's School, highlighted the difficulty of recognising and defining clumsiness. The results showed that clumsy children have a higher incidence of cross-laterality and poorer handwriting than nonclumsy children. Ms Mitchell concluded that dyspraxia needs more attention. An opportunity for private practice exists because occupational therapy services in schools are not readily available for these children. The importance of partnerships with teachers and families was noted. 'Try a little tenderness' was the title of the presentation by Sarah Haskell, Bethlem Royal Hospital, about an occupational therapy programme to develop 'engagement' with disturbed adolescents. The importance of the initial meeting between client and occupational therapist was highlighted as this first contact often determines whether or not the relationship develops. Some case histories were presented to illustrate the occupational therapy engagement process, which includes consistent brief contact on a one-to-one basis and gradually progresses to a group setting. The partnerships for these young people involve other young people, parents, families, carers and outside agencies. 'A time-limited programme for women with bulimia' by Sarah Rsher, Meanwood Park Hospital , leeds, emphasised the need for eclectic treatment to address underlying factors. A five-phase programme of planned sessions utilising behavioural, cognitive and psychodynamic techniques was described. Group activities can offer support, control and an avenue to explore emotions. Evaluation of this programme showed that, after treatment, 70% of clients no longer binged and, although that urge still existed, it could be controlled. 'The use of aromatherapy with people who have severe learning difficulties' was described by Helen Sanderson, Manchester Social Services, as a growing area of specialisation. Aromatherapy may be used to relax, in combination with touch or massage; to invigorate or enhance concentration; to provide multisensory stimulation; and to develop trust and communication following an identified sequence. She cautioned that there are hazards involved and that guidelines for the use of complementary practices are being developed. The final presentation was 'Consumer participation in service evaluation research' by Nick Stone, Disability Advice Centre, IIford. He worked in partnership with elderly consumers by havingthem involved at key stages of the research process. The consumers' perspective, augmented by service provider input and a literature review, ensured that the evaluation was not just from the professional perspective. Mr Stone advocated a shift in consumer/professional/service provider relationships to focus more on consumer needs. He concluded that we should 'work together with clients as partners'. Jennifer Pascoe, Senior Research Occupational Therapist, DEAC, Southampton General Hospital.


(ujamaa), relying on labor-intensive practices and political organization to create rural production units to transform the society. Foreign capital, either in the form of capitalistic investment or foreign aid, was not to be the core of Tanzania's plan and was to be accepted only under certain limited conditions. Evaluating this course of action is not as easy as some would like it to be. Part of the difficulty is that we first need to figure out what happened in Tanzania since the Arusha Declaration. From this point of view, it is clear that Tanzania neither developed as its leaders wanted, nor collapsed as its critics claimed it would. In both cases there were only errors in predicting macro-outcomes, but more interestingly from the point of view of social science, these are not just due to outside forces such as natural disasters, war, or the rise in the cost of petroleum products. They are also due to lack of understanding about how social, political and economic activities are related inside Tanzania.


The Soil Landscapes of Canada (SLC) is a national soil map and accompanying database of environmental information for all of Canada, produced and maintained by the Canadian Soil Information Service (CanSIS) which is a part of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. The SLC maps were originally published as a set of paper products for individual provinces and regions. The maps were digitized in CanSIS, using one of the first geographic information systems in the world, and linked to soil and landscape attribute tables to serve an evolving variety of spatial modelling applications. The SLCs form the lowest level of the National Ecological Framework for Canada. The latest public release of the SLC is version 3.2, which provides updated soil and landscape information for the agricultural areas of Canada. The SLC v3.2 digital coverage includes an extensive set of relational data tables. The component table lists the soil components in each agricultural polygon along with their predicted dominant slope, class, and ex...


brought into existence. First, as Hess himself acknowledges, his analysis draws predominantly on case studies and empirical research that take place in the United States and Europe. How might the theoretical foundations of Hess's interdiscipline shift were one to incorporate what Latin American social analyst Boaventura de Sousa Santos calls ''epistemologies of the South,'' composed of ''ecologies of knowledge'' that move beyond the radical binaries of nature/culture, human/nonhuman, facts/values that Sousa Santos sees as being constitutive of Eurocentric technosciences? For example, peasants and activists in Argentina are mobilizing against the spread of genetically engineered (GE) soy by throwing mud balls filled with the seeds of Palmer amaranth—a plant that mutated into a ''super-weed'' and became resistant to the herbicides accompanying GE soy—into soy plantations. At the same time, these activists leverage amaranth's cultural symbolism as a sacred plant of pre-Columbian cultures that is returning to avenge the neocolonial takeover of Latin America. In this case, the ''social'' resistance against agribiotechnologies in Argentina is deeply intertwined with the ''biological'' resistance of a plant (Beilin and Suryanarayanan 2017). Could Hess's framework of mobilized publics be broadened to include nonhuman entities with the power to actively mediate industrial transition movements? This brings me to a second issue: many of the STS studies that Hess relies on are part of an actively evolving subfield called the new political sociology of science (NPSS). Hess's use of insights from NPSS clearly brings benefits, such as a careful attention to the epistemological politics linking developments in science and technology to the dynamics of state, industry, and civil society actors. However, this comes at the cost of overlooking other areas of STS that could strengthen the theoretical foundations of a sociology of science, technology, and social movements. For example, emerging empirical studies at the intersection of environmental humanities, STS, and anthropology attend to human-nonhuman relationships toward analyzing the epistemological and ontological politics of science, technology, and society. Hess's Undone Science is a work of highquality scholarship that is bold in its goal to develop the foundations of a new interdiscipline and nuanced in its systematic and thorough treatment of the topic. Throughout the book, Hess successfully yokes STS ideas to SMS ideas in the process of developing new concepts and approaches to the study of science, technology, and social movements. Along the way, Hess outlines areas of undone science in this nascent field, such as the relative lack of systematic comparative studies that integrate quantitative and qualitative analyses of the variations in industrial transition movements and their outcomes across countries. This is a visionary book that maps an entirely new research field with major implications for how we understand social movements in an era of high technology.


By using monthly data for the 2002-2010 period, we construct two novel indices for the real Naira exchange rate. We estimate determinants of both exchange rates by using a VEC model approach. Our estimations suggest that like most commodity exporting economies, to a great extent world oil prices, level of local currency in circulation and the level of foreign reserves held by the Central Bank can be used as good predictors of the long run equilibrium real exchange rate for Nigeria. We show that increases in the world price of oil have an appreciating effect while increases in the level of currency in circulation and in the reserves are associated with a depreciation of the Naira.


It's known that some people do not learn as quickly and effectively as the others. It is caused by the fact that each personality is diverse, each has different possibilities and skills and different character and voluntary qualities. With respect to individual character of person it is possible to increase the efficiency of learning owing to knowledge of psychology and thus better adapt oneself in contemporary modern society, which is focused on achievement, quantity and also variety of produced information. Theoretical part deals with enlightenment of accesses to increasing efficiency through the knowledge of psychology. Practical part deals with learning styles of students at the beginning of the second, specialized, evolutionary phase change of styles in the learning of human.


It discusses the evolution of local transmission network in 3G environment,analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of several common evolution solutions,finally gives suggestions on application.


Objective: Aberrant expression of microRNAs(miRNAs) is implicated in numerous disease states and miRNAs have the potential to be used for cancer therapeutics. The present study is to determine the role of miR-143 in bladder carcinoma and underlying mechanisms and provide the reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Methods: According to the different treatments, T24 cells were divided into normal control group(T24), negative control group(NC), miR-143 transfection group(miR-143) and si-COX-2 transfection group(si-COX-2). The activities of proliferation and migration was examined by 3H-thymidine and Transwell chemotaxis assay respectively. The expression level of COX-2 was determined by Western blotting. Results: Restoration of miR-143 and si-COX-2 by cell transfection in T24 cancer cells led to decreased proliferation and mobility by 36%-49% when transfected for 48h and 72h. Immunohistochemical results showed that compared with normal control, the expression of COX-2 in miR-143-transfected T24 cells was decreased significantly(P0.01). Conclusion: miR-143 by cell transfection in T24 cancer cells can reduce proliferation and mobility and decrease COX-2 expression, which demonstrates that the role of miR-143 in the proliferation and migration of the cancer cells is due to the involvement of miR-143 in COX-2 pathway. Our findings will help to further understand the functions of miRNAs in cancer cells and point to a specific potential of miR-143 may be employed as a therapeutic agent for bladder carcinoma. The results provide insights into the development of novel tumor markers or new therapeutic strategies.


Abstract In a prospective study of 89 patients the postoperative corneal edema and endothelial cell count was studied after cataract extraction. A double blind investigation was performed as the patients during the first 6 postoperative days were treated with three different types of eye‐drops: Maxidex®, Pred‐Forte® 1% or placebo, all containing Benzalkonium Chloride 0.004%. The content of steroid in Maxidex® and Pred‐Forte® was equivalent. We found no significant difference in estimates of endothelial cells in the three groups postoperatively. Corneal edema was less in the two groups treated with steroid. There was no significant difference between the two postoperative groups (p > 0.05) treated with Maxidex® and Pred‐Forte®. The group treated with Pred‐Forte® showed significantly less postoperative corneal edema, calculated as the graphical area represented by the increase of central corneal thickness (CCT) after operation.


During business transactions there are lot of opportunity for data theft and data misinterpretation. Mostly, the legitimate users act like malicious users and try to misuse their privileges. So, it is very important to know their intentions and different strategies they apply for business data theft. In this paper, we develop an information analytics based technique for inferring attacker intent objectives and strategies (AIOS). The input to the model is the alert logs in real-world attack-defense scenario and output are the discovered attack strategies or patterns. The implementation of this model is done on a real-world attack-defence scenario to increase the learning efficiency of the technique. Experimental results on expected impact and attack path shows that the technique provides better results than conventional intrusion detection systems.


Mining information from data: A presentday gold rush. Data Mining is a multidisciplinary field which supports knowledge workers who try to extract information in our "data rich, information poor" environment. Its name stems from the idea of mining knowledge from large amounts of data. The tools it provides assist us in the discovery of relevant information through a wide range of data analysis techniques. Any method used to extract patterns from a given data source is considered to be a data mining technique. Han and Kamber's book provides more than a good starting point for those interested in this eclectic research field. The book surveys techniques for the main tasks data miners have to perform. Most existing data mining texts emphasize the managerial and marketing aspects involved in the adoption of this technology by modern enterprises. In contrast, Han and Kamber's textbook focuses on issues such as algorithmic efficiency and scalability from a database perspective.


Traffic noise causes adverse effects on the health and quality of life of individuals and communities exposed to it, including annoyance, sleep disturbance, decreased performance at school/work, stress, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease. In Australia there are few standards or policies addressing noise in urban environments, with many discrepancies in noise level thresholds when comparing states and regions. Currently Victoria has a day-to-night threshold for noise levels well above accepted levels in Europe, and there is no standard for the late night period. A better understanding of the health impacts of noise in the Australian context is vital for informing development and implementation of policy and legislation for road traffic noise management. This paper reviews the evidence base and policies related to traffic noise in urban areas, and presents a case study of noise mapping and assessing population health impacts (eg. sleep disturbance), in Geelong,Vcitoria,Australia.


The world premiere of Homelife, a new one-act commissioned as a prequel to The Zoo Story, provided a gala event to close the fortieth season of the Hartford Stage Company, where Albee is the most frequently produced playwright after Shakespeare and Tennessee Williams. In program notes, Albee revealed that he remains "quite happy" with The Zoo Story but welcomed this opportunity to flesh out the character of Peter, as a corrective to the "minor flaw" that, in the 1959 piece, Peter's character was rather "sketchily drawn" and the audience was limited to Jerry's view of him. While either act could be performed alone, the two together under the title Peter and Jerry created a full-length evening of theatre that was more subtle and provocative than either piece in isolation.


The utility model discloses a drainage asphalt pavement structure based on a crack resistance requirement. The drainage asphalt pavement structure comprises an upper surface layer, a waterproof bonding layer, a middle surface layer, a bonding layer, a lower surface layer, a seal layer, a permeable layer, a semi-rigid base layer and a semi-rigid sub-base layer from top to bottom; the upper surface layer is an OGFC-13 type open-graded asphalt mixture layer with a thickness of 5 cm; the waterproof bonding layer is a double-layered first SBS modified emulsified asphalt layer; the middle surface layer is an AC-20 type dense-graded asphalt mixture layer with a thickness of 6 cm; the bonding layer is a second SBR modified emulsified asphalt layer; the lower surface layer is an ATB-30 type asphalt stabile macadam layer; the seal layer is an SBS modified asphalt synchronization macadam seal layer with a thickness of 1-2 cm; the permeable layer is a third SBS modified emulsified asphalt layer; both the semi-rigid base layer and the semi-rigid sub-base layer are stabile macadam layers formed by lime, coal ash and macadam; and the thickness of the semi-rigid base layer is 40 cm, and the thickness of the semi-rigid sub-base layer is 20 cm. According to the drainage asphalt pavement structure based on the crack resistance requirement, the problem that a conventional drainage asphalt pavement is prone to crack and sink is solved, and the durability of the drainage asphalt pavement is improved.


Delayed resonators (DR) are a class of active vibration absorbers, where resonance in the absorber is achieved through a delayed feedback control. Studies on DR theory so far, have focused on traditional mechanical absorber structures with proof masses. Both in linear and rotational vibration applications, a mechanical substructure is brought to resonance; which, in turn, absorbs vibration from the primary structure. This study is a departure from the existing literature in the sense that the mechanical absorber structure is replaced by an electrical circuit that resonates. The tuning is achieved by the use of piezoelectric elements, which introduce a coupling between the mechanical and electrical components in the system. The resonance and desired vibration absorption are still the objectives but with a distinct feature, 'without a proof mass'. This work unites the two fronts of research from this interesting angle, namely DR theory and piezoelectric networks, to benefit from their individual strengths.


Early recollections of 25 neurotic depressive patients were significantly different from those of 25 control subjects. The recollections of neurotic depressive patients suggested more disturbed relationships with family members, more references to incidents that elicited fear, anxiety, or other negative affects, and little acceptance of responsibility for what happens in their memories. If confirmed for a much larger sample, such signs might be used with other sources of information for diagnostic and treatment purposes.


The invention relates to a device, such as a home gateway, for providing at least one service, in a communication network, to at least one client connected to the communication network. The device uses: a means for obtaining a client type for each client; and a means (311) for exporting a description of services describing at least one service from among said one or more services; and, in order to obtain said description of services, a means (306) for selecting each service described by said description depending on the type of at least one respective client to which said description is to be exported.


This paper develops an original proposition for debate in the fields of African studies, transnationalism, environmental studies, and technology studies. Essentially, the paper posits that, for a few key reasons, Sub-Saharan Africa will not likely have an opportunity to experience industrialization with the reigning "destructo-industrial" technologies pioneered by Europeans and Americans. An industrial experience appears achievable for Sub-Saharan Africans only in the context of a new ecological economy. Not only are there no unassailable national frontrunners in this future area, but Sub-Saharan Africans have a credible opportunity of being among the leaders in the future. The process would commence with "brain circulation," the movement of Africans into rich, technologically advanced countries to have their human, economic, and social capital enhanced, some of which to be reinvested in their respective homelands, particularly in ecological industrial areas.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of eco-control on carbon emission disclosure and to examine the effect of carbon emission disclosure on economic consequences. Companies used as samples are oil, gas and coal companies in in non-Annex 1 member countries which data are available in the Osiris database. The observation period begins at the commencement of Kyoto Protocol commitment to date or from 2013 to 2016. Data analysis technique used in this research is Partial Least Square method using WarpPLS 4.0 application. Test results show that eco-control positively affects carbon emissions disclosure. Furthermore, carbon emissions disclosure positively affects trading volume and negatively affects bid-ask spread and share price volatility. This study has implications for governments and companies. Governments can change the rules to make carbon emission disclosure as mandatory disclosure for companies that have the potential to generate carbon emissions. Companies that have environmental concerns and disclose carbon emissions will gain legitimacy and a positive response from stakeholders.


Contemporary life has demanded new methodologies to deal with education and health care. This paper aims to describe the necessary care for newborn babies after discharge from intensive care unit (ICU) and to discuss with health professionals who work in a Neonatal ICU the guidelines provided to parents and family members, as well as to talk to the latter about the theme. An action research was carried out in a hospital in a city in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in which 14 health professionals and 8 parents and family members have participated. Two categories emerged from the responses to the questionnaire distributed to the health professionals: "General care for the health of the newborn after discharge from the ICU" and "Care for the feeding of the breastfeeding mother. From the first category, four subcategories emerged: "Care for the environment in the home where the newborn will live"; "Care for the baby's food"; "Care for baby's clothes" and "Care for baby's hygiene". From the responses of parents and family members, two categories emerged: "Preparation for discharge from the ICU" and "Booklet evaluation and main doubts of parents". The conclusion of this research is that parents and family members need to receive support from the health team, both in hospital care, as in outpatient or home care. The guidelines provided helped considerably in the care of the child at home, since they are easy to understand, enlightening and in accordance with the reality they experienced with the child in the ICU.


ABSTRACT:
 We compared the extent to which exotic species are associated with horse trails, old roads, and intact communities within three native vegetation types in Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri. We used a general linear model procedure and a Bonferroni multiple comparison test to compare exotic species richness, exotic to native species ratios, and exotic species percent cover across three usage types (horse trails, old roads, and intact communities) and three community types (river bottoms, upland waterways, and glades). We found that both exotic species richness and the ratio of exotic species to native species were greater in plots located along horse trails than in plots located either in intact native communities or along old roads. Native community types did not differ in the number of exotic species present, but river bottoms had a significantly higher exotic to native species ratio than glades. Continued introduction of exotic plant propagules may explain why horse trails contain more exotic species than other areas in a highly disturbed landscape.


The characteristics of methionine uptake by brewer's yeast (S. carlsbergentis "Schwehat No. 2") and the regulation of the process have been studied. The methionine uptake by brewer's yeast grown on wort is a complex process Composed of a mediated transport process saturating at low concentration and permeation that is in linear dependence on the concentration. The mediated transport process is under regulated control and can be repressed by (a) certain amino acids added to wort media or applied to phosphate buffer in shorter pre-treatment, (b) ammonium ions added to a synthetic nutrient solution or, in shorter pre-treatment, by ammonium ions applied to a synthetic nutrient solution containing glutamic acid.


Authority in America, 1859–1877 [1990] appears nowhere in the volume). More broadly, this organizational structure prevents the volume from directly addressing the implications of categorical and methodological choices for defining the era. How is a history of Reconstruction defined as "politics" different from one that focuses on "emancipation and race," in an era in which the central political question concerned the legacies of emancipation? Why does the concept of citizenship derive from scholarship on cultural and intellectual history, as this volume situates it, rather than from politics—and how do we separate citizenship from those central components of identity, gender and labor, or those concerns in turn from politics? Most important, what are the consequences of those choices for how we see the Reconstruction era and, by extension, how we interpret the history of the nation? It is these questions that a historiography of Reconstruction should prime both novice and veteran scholars to engage. Yet Interpreting American History: Reconstruction struggles to place its contents into direct conversation, which ultimately limits its value as a guide to the field. David C. Williard


Within the attempts to provide a materialist reading of the phenomenology of Husserl (Banfi, Bloch, Desanti, Kosik, Paci, Sartre, Tran Duc Thao,etc.) discusses the done among us by Ricardo Sanchez Ortiz de Urbina, based actually on developments in the Architectonic Philosophy Marc Richir's. This article develops the idea that the new phenomenology of Richir in their central points (the phenomenon as clignotement, reduced hyperbolic, etc.) carries out the overcome metacritique suggested in their day by reading the thorough Hegelian Adorno did Husserl works published during his lifetime. When recalling Adorno's dialectical approach, the development of philosophical materialism Gustavo Bueno light up in its own genesis from a new perspective to better understand the recent controversy between phenomenological materialism and philosophical materialism on the role of Transcendental Ego. ❚


Architectural precast concrete panels played a prominent role in beautifying the exterior facade of the new French Embassy in Mexico City, Mexico. A total of 2100 precast concrete components with a large variety of dimensions in flat, curved, and angled shapes were used. In addition to the panels, there are heavy stone-like balustrades and railing pieces as well as screen panels pierced with square openings. Two finishes were used on the panels - a shiny, highly polished surface and a bush-hammered, rough surface. This article discusses the overall concept and solution, design features, production, and erection of the building with particular emphasis on the architectural precast components.


In order to investigate the electrorheological (ER) behavior of monodisperse colloidal suspensions, polyaniline (PANi) composite particles were synthesized by chemically oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of macroporous polymer particles. Particle characterization was carried out by FT-IR spectroscopy, conductometry and scanning electron microscopy. ER proper- ties of PANi composite suspensions under various electric fields were then investigated and consequently found to be dependent on the particle compositions and the applied electric field strength.


Translation of the Russian edition of 1988 on peculiarities of the Arabian-Nubian Shield in the Precambrian, prerift magmatism in the Red Sea Rift zone, evolution of the crust in rift forming zones.


From the Publisher:
This book, the first comprehensive overview of computer visualization, explains and analyzes with more than 200 illustrations all the fundamental concepts required to understand the subject.


Excessive consumption of alcohol is a serious public health problem. While intensive treatments are suitable for those who are physically dependent on alcohol, they are not cost-effective options for the vast majority of problem drinkers who are not dependent. There is good evidence that brief interventions are effective in reducing overall alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, and health-care utilisation among nondependent problem drinkers. Psychologists are in an ideal position to opportunistically detect people who drink excessively and to offer them brief advice to reduce their drinking. In this paper we outline the process involved in providing brief opportunistic screening and intervention for problem drinkers. We also discuss methods that psychologists can employ if a client is not ready to reduce drinking, or is ambivalent about change. Depending on the client's level of motivation to change, psychologists can engage in either an education-clarification approach, a commitment-enhancement approach, or a skills-training approach. Routine engagement in opportunistic intervention is an important public-health approach to reducing alcohol-related harm in the community.


To study underlying possibilities for the successes of conventional image representation and deep neural networks (DNNs) in image representation, we propose a deep feature extraction, encoding, and pooling network (DEFEATnet) architecture, which is a marriage between conventional image representation approaches and DNNs. In particular, in DEFEATnet, each layer consists of three components: feature extraction, feature encoding, and pooling. The primary advantage of DEFEATnet is twofold. First, it consolidates the prior knowledge (e.g., translation invariance) from extracting, encoding, and pooling handcrafted features, as in the conventional feature representation approaches. Second, it represents the object parts at different granularities by gradually increasing the local receptive fields in different layers, as in DNNs. Moreover, DEFEATnet is a generalized framework that can readily incorporate all types of local features as well as all kinds of well-designed feature encoding and pooling methods. Since prior knowledge is preserved in DEFEATnet, it is especially useful for image representation on small/medium size data sets, where DNNs usually fail due to the lack of sufficient training data. Promising experimental results clearly show that DEFEATnets outperform shallow conventional image representation approaches by a large margin when the same type of features, feature encoding and pooling are used. The extensive experiments also demonstrate the effectiveness of the deep architecture of our DEFEATnet in improving the robustness for image presentation.


Information overloading requires the need for summarizers to extract salient information from the text. Currently, there is an overload of dialogue data due to the rise of virtual communication platforms. The rise of Covid-19 has led people to rely on online communication platforms like Zoom, Slack, Microsoft Teams, Discord, etc. to conduct their company meetings. Instead of going through the entire meeting transcripts, people can use meeting summarizers to select useful data. Nevertheless, there is a lack of comprehensive surveys in the field of meeting summarizers. In this survey, we aim to cover recent meeting summarization techniques. Our survey offers a general overview of text summarization along with datasets and evaluation metrics for meeting summarization. We also provide the performance of each summarizer on a leaderboard. We conclude our survey with different challenges in this domain and potential research opportunities for future researchers.


To complex research for magnetic field and Observation of the Hall effect In this work the most optimum and graceful method to measure of magnetic field characteristics and main parametrs, as energy and induction is worked out. The magnetic field energy has been determined by the heat, which is in agreement with the expended work for creation of magnetic field. The thermoelectromotive force is measured for using the thermocouple. As a result of the research some empirical equations and calibration graphs to determine of magnetic field energy and induction for given induction-coil without measure and measurements is obtained out. We have check-up the new method by Observetion of the Hall effect.


The invention discloses an MZ light intensity modulator integrated with a photoelectric detector. The MZ light intensity modulator integrated with the photoelectric detector is characterized by comprising an MZ light intensity modulator chip, a photoelectric detector chip and an encapsulation tube shell; the photoelectric detector chip is arranged at a waveguide bundling point on the output side of the MZ light intensity modulator chip; the photosurface of the photoelectric detector chip is opposite to the waveguide bundling point and completely covers the waveguide bundling point, and the photosurface and the waveguide bundling point are bonded and fixed through an optical adhesive; an electrode pin of the photoelectric detector chip is in bonding connection with an extraction electrode of the encapsulation tube shell through a gold wire. The MZ light intensity modulator integrated with the photoelectric detector has the advantages that the technological difficulty and the production cost for integrating the photoelectric detector in the MZ light intensity modulator are lowered.


Knight's tour problem (KTP) on the chessboard with holes is an especial but interest tour problem. We improve the basic ant colony optimization,and introduce more better pheromone resource update and sharing mechanism,, and find its tour path solutions on the chessboard with holes with the help of colonies sharing the information resource by their intercommunion. We have used the algorithm to encumerate the knight's tours on different chessboard with holes, and made the particular analysis for produce. Experiment results show that the algorithm not only produce the path solutions quickly on the chessboard with holes, but also is easy to control the path starting square and path style.


Abstract Soft skills such as grit, self-control, and self-confidence have been shown to predict outcomes in school and in life. As such, their valid and reliable measurement is of substantial interest in educational research and policy circles. However, the vast majority of this research originates in Western countries; relatively little is known regarding the measurement of soft skills in developing country contexts and whether similar types of instruments can provide evidence of these skills. This paper presents a novel means of assessing grit, self-control, and self-confidence in rural Tanzania: through the use of scenario-based self-report questionnaires. Survey instruments were administered in three regions in Tanzania to 961 Standard 2 pupils. We found that scenario-based items provided valid and, in most cases, reliable estimates of the three tested soft skills. When comparing self-reported soft skills and reading ability, we found that both grit and self-control were significant predictors of reading and mathematics performance. After controlling for sex, region, and age, grit was found to have a stronger association with reading performance than socioeconomic status.


To reduce NOx formation modern industrial power gas-turbines utilizes lean premixed combustion of natural gas. The uniform distribution of local fuel/air ratio in the combustion chamber plays one of the key roles in the field of lean combustion to prevent thermo-acoustic pulsations. Present paper reports on simultaneous Particle Image Velocimetry and acetone Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence measurements in a cold model of GT-combustor to investigate mixing processes which are relevant to the organization of lean premixed combustion. Velocity and passive admixture pulsations correlations were measured to verify gradient closer model, which is often used in Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation of turbulent mixing.


Background: Green Infrastructure (GI) is widely being promoted as an adaptation
strategy for urban flooding. Like urban flooding, tree species could be impacted by future
climatic conditions. However, there have been limited studies on the implications of future
climate on GI planning, mostly due to the lack of climate data at higher spatial resolutions.

 In this paper, we analyze the implications of climate projections on heat hardiness
zones since this could impact the GI landscape in the coming years. This is an extension of
our earlier work on evaluating impacts of climate projections on plant hardiness zones.

Method: Using downscaled daily temperature data from ten Coupled Model Intercomparison
Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate models for the historical (1980 - 2005) and projected (2025
- 2050) periods, we analyzed future heat hardiness zones in the watershed bounding Knox
County, TN. We analyzed the implications of these outputs for the current list of suggested
native and non-native tree species selected for GI in the study area.

 All the models suggest that a considerable part of the study area will move into the
next warmer heat zone. While most trees remain suitable for GI, several are at the limit of
their ideal heat zones.

 The insights from this study will help guide the selection and placement of GI
across the study area. Specifically, it should help green infrastructure planners design better
mitigation and adaptation strategies to achieve higher returns on investments as more cities
are now investing in GI projects.


The invention provides a fault diagnosis method for a gear case of a wind turbine generator system. According to the fault diagnosis method based on LMD (local mean decomposition) and an optimized K mean value clustering algorithm, important factors such as non-stable characteristics, fault degree recognition and fault position diagnosis of vibration signals of the gear case of the wind turbine generator system are considered. The method includes collecting original vibration acceleration signals of measurement points of the gear case of the wind turbine generator system, decomposing the original vibration acceleration signals according to an LMD method into a plurality of PF (product function) components, selecting the PF components according to a principle that correlation coefficients are biggest to perform signal reconstruction, performing Hilbert envelope spectrum analysis on reconstructed signals to further extract fault characteristic quantity, and finally, classifying fault positions and fault degrees by the optimized K mean value clustering algorithm.


Events of recent years have revived interest in whether wealth effects exist in consumption. Recent studies have obtained contrasting results on wealth effects. Findings and procedures across studies can be categorized as falling in to the "Endogenous Consumption" and "Endogenous Wealth" groups. This paper examines the long-run and short-run dynamic relationship between aggregate consumption, real disposable personal income, and real wealth, including evaluation of potential structural breaks. This study uses methods consistent with the Endogenous Wealth literature. Yet results indicate that consumption is endogenous, and wealth effects exist in consumption. In contrast to past studies, results here also indicate that long-run adjustments to restore equilibrium takes place in all variables, with endogenous wealth and disposable income movements also being a part of the short run dynamic adjustments. * The authors wish to thank Don Bruce, Mohammed Moshin, Robert Bohm, and Ronald Shrieves for their helpful suggestions on this research. Section


The use of selective breeding in alcohol research is relatively recent in spite of the extensive use of the technique in other areas of behavioural research and the long history of selective breeding in agriculture. Initial efforts were directed toward selective breeding for acute effects and preference. More recently, selective breeding for ethanol activation, hypothermia, severity of withdrawal, tolerance and stress response as well as new breeding programs for preference and acute effects are underway. Related breeding programs for benzodiazepine and opiate sensitivity are also being carried out. The technique affords the opportunity to dissect the mechanism of the action of ethanol at the molecular level and the genetic basis of various ethanol effects.


In the article the peculiarities of spatial arts in the Stavropol territory in the period of antiquity, architecture, decorative and applied art, sculpture on the example of the artistic heritage of the Koban and Scythian cultures.


Operational risk is inherent in bank activities. To cover this risk a bank reserves a fund called as capital. Often a bank uses Basic Indicator approach (BIA), Standardized Approach (SA), or Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) for estimating the capital amount. BIA and SA are less-objective in comparison to AMA, since BIA and SA use non-actual loss data while AMA use the actual one. In this research, we define the capital as an OpVaR (i.e. the worst loss at a given confidence level) which will be estimated by Peak Over Threshold Method.


Legal relationships arising upon electronic communication are becoming increasingly common. Online business to business contracts with an international enjambment in business environment are created. These contracts are affected, among other things, by the regulation of the European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) 4 593/ 2008 of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual relationships. This paper deals with the analysis connecting factor of choice of law and the possibility of its application to online B2B relationships and new Act on international private law.


The present study was conducted to study in-vitro the antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus spp. against the pathogenic bacterial vibrio harveyi on shrimp. For this purpose, shrimp samples were collected from three different Ghers at Batiaghata upazilla, Khulna. Gills and intestines were taken out from the samples to identify the load of Lactobacillus spp. and Vibrio spp. The results revealed that the load of Lactobacillus spp. was found more than Vibrio spp. both in gills and intestines; the gills also contained higher load of Vibrio spp. than in the intestines. V. harveyi was separated from the isolated Vibrio spp. with different types of biochemical tests: Gram stain, Motility test, Indole test, VP test, MR test, Arginine dihydrolase, Salt tolerance test, growth at different temperature ranges and colony color on TCBS agar media. The isolated V. harveyi was subjected for in-vitro test. In in-vitro challenge test, the potential antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus spp. against V. harveyi was gradually obtained at 0, 4 th , 8 th , 12 th hour of treatments. Interesting finding was that, with the time, the load of V. harveyi was reduced gradually and the lowest load was obtained after 12 hours of probiotic inoculation. The present study revealed an excellent in-vitro antagonistic probiotic effect of Lactobacillus spp. on V. harveyi. Therefore the result suggested that probiotic treatment might be an effective alternative to the use of antibiotics in treatments of bacterial diseases in shrimp aquaculture. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(1): 127-135, April 2018


Objective To evaluate the effect of the gamma knife on choroldal melanoma. Methods Sixteen patients with choroldal melanoma were treated by gamma knife radiosurgery. The edge isodose line range from 40% to 50%. The tumor margin dose was 12-30 Gy (mean 17 Gy), the tumor center dose was 35-68 Gy, (mean 48 Gy), γ-angle ranging from 45°to 65°. Results All the patients were followed up 3 ̄36 months (mean 18.5 months) post operatively. Symptoms improvement (n=8), no change (n=6) and deterioration (n=2) were found during following up period. the tumor control rate was 81.25%; Based on follow up imaging studies, tumors disappeared in 3 cases, signs decreased in 7 cases, no change in 4 cases, enucleation was performed in 2 cases because of mcrease in size. There were no marked side effects except small hemorrhages in or under the retina. Conclusions Gamma kinfe radiosurgeryis a safe and effective non-invasive approach in treatment of choroldal melanoma, and no significant complications are found. There is higher rate of local control.


The extant literature on exchange rate forecasting on the basis of the Dornbusch- Frankel, Frenkel-Bilson and Hooper-Morton models prominently reveals the dominance of the autoregressive models over the theory-based models. Some studies have however attempted to upturn the results by including the lagged dependent variable in the theory-based models which somewhat implies comparing a modified random walk with a traditional random walk. We follow a different approach both in terms of theory and methodology. We offer an innovative exposition of the Portfolio Balance theory to stock price – exchange rate nexus. Consequently, a predictive model for exchange rate where stock price is a predictor is formulated. The formulated model is expressed in both linear and nonlinear form in order to account for the role of asymmetric changes in stock prices in exchange rate forecasting. Thereafter, we employ the Lewellen (2004) and Westerlund and Narayan (2014) methods which account for any inherent statistical properties of the predictors. Our results validate the Portfolio Balance theory where we show that the sector-level stock prices consistently turn up as good predictors of the exchange rates. The predictive model proposed in this work does not require the inclusion of a lagged dependent variable to beat the autoregressive models which is the practice in the existing literature. We further demonstrate that asymmetry matters to a large extent in the nexus both for the in-sample and out-of-sample predictability.


We propose a new optical method and the experimental set-up for measuring the anisotropic shear viscosities of nematic liquid crystals (LCs). LC shear viscosities can be optimized to improve liquid crystal display (LCD) response times, e.g. in vertical aligned nematic (VAN) or bistable nematic displays (BND). In this case a strong back-flow effect essentially determines the LCD dynamic characteristics. A number of shear viscosity coefficients defines the LCD response time. The proposed method is based on the special type of a shear flow, namely, the decay flow, in the LC cell with suitably treated substrates instead of magnetic or electric field application. A linear regime of a quasi-stationary director motion induced by a pressure difference and a proper configuration of a LC cell produces decay flow conditions in the LC cell. We determine three principal shear viscosity coefficients by measuring relative time variations of the intensity of the light passed through LC cells. The shear viscosity coefficient measurements provide a new opportunity for the development of new LC mixtures with fast response times in VAN, BND and other important LCD types.


1 PROBLEM AND MOTIVATION Since the 1980s, researchers have entertained using the bizarre properties of quantum mechanics to develop powerful algorithms for problems in computer science. Ever since the first quantum computer was built, rapid advances in the field have opened up new realms of possibilities for the different applications of quantum computing. Although still in its infancy, the near future Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices will be able to run algorithms that beat classical computing [6]. The implications of such a feat resound in various fields including cryptography, biotechnology, finance, and many more. The inherent nature of NISQ devices means that they will be noisy. To advance towards a future of quantum computing, it is imperative that these machines exhibit fault tolerance and error correction, akin to their classical computing counterparts. This means complete isolation from the external environment, as well as well defined interactions between qubits. In order to achieve this state, researchers rely on simulation models to incorporate noisy events into quantum circuits. By studying such interactions, researchers can work on incorporating error correcting codes into quantum systems. Furthermore, with an expanding number of qubits, the likelihood of error events rises, bringing upon a limitation to the capacity of NISQ devices. This limitation makes it ever more important to have excellent simulation models. Current popular simulation frameworks include IBM Qiskit [8] and Google Cirq [2], both of which have extensive capabilities such as simulation and the ability to run circuits on a real quantum computer. However, these simulation tools focus primarily on noise-free, ideal circuits. These circuits do not accurately model the observations of real quantum computers where noise events are present. Furthermore, there exist varying different languages to run different simulations between ideal circuits and noisy circuits. These varying languages for the diverse layers of quantum representations require different rules on composition and operation. Such tools for representation include state vectors, density matrices, and Kraus operators. This leads to many challenges for researchers looking to simulate both simple and complex noisy circuits in an efficient and unified model. We propose a unified language model to accurately simulate ideal and noisy circuits in all degrees of complexity, through the use of complexvalued probabilistic graphical models (PGMs). PGMs prove to be a highly effective mechanism for encoding quantum information, facilitating the depiction of correlations between quantum states, and ensuring the precise retention of state information, even amidst probabilistic noisy events. Furthermore, PGMs can unify the language of quantum operations and noise models through a single algorithm variable elimination. We validate our results through the use of a python PGM library pgmpy [1], and compare results with proven derivations.


In particular, the nutrient cycle, soil erosion, carbon sequestration, and many different ecological systems are all impacted by current agriculture tactics. Sustainable development's negative environmental and ecological effects can be reduced through organic farming. Utilizing more organic materials in cultivation practices might decrease environmental damage by preserving the natural cycles of the environment's vegetation during the restoration process. Organic farming can also raise food quality. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, growth hormones, and feed additives for farm animals may also be substantially avoided in organic farming. To minimize the constraints and difficult circumstances of natural farming, a combination of organic farming and new technology is of utmost importance. Innovative techniques and cutting-edge ideas are bringing farming systems closer to sustainability while also improving rural productivity and the quality of life for many farmers in a way that is good for the environment. Not only does soil provide food and nutritional support, but it also has many environmental benefits to give. Although it takes centuries to form one millimeter of soil, soil is regarded as a non-renewable resource. The phrase "Soil health" is one of the most frequently used one in agriculture. Agriculture can only continue to be sustainable if the soil is healthy. Numerous issues have put "soil health" in danger, including declining soil fertility, a lack of natural carbon and biodiversity in the soil, salinization, acidification, pollution, and soil erosion and degradation. As stated by FAO, "Soil management is sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."


SIR,-There are reports of an increased glycogenolytic action of adrenaline a d noradrenaline in animals treated with cocaine (Schmidt & Spath, 1963; Hardman & Mayer, 1965). We could find no data about such an effect for imipramine. We have compared the activity of some drugs causing hypersensitivity to catecholamines on the hyperglycaeniia caused by the catecholmines. Rabbits of either sex, 2-3 kg weight, were fasted for 24 hr. The concentration of glucose in blood withdrawn from the ear vein was measured at the time of administering a catecholamine subcutaneously, and at 1, 2 and 3 hr afterwards. One week later the experiment was repeated but imipramine, cocaine, or atropine and neostigrnine were given beforehand (see Tables for time, route and dosage). Blood glucose was estimated by the method of Hagedorn & Jensen (1923). The adrenergic sensitizers were used in doses which caused clear-cut enhancement of the blood pressure responses to catecholamines. At these doses they did not alter the resting blood glucose level. Atropine (3 mg/kg s.c.) was also without any effect in this respect. Cocaine, in doses of either 2 or 5 mg/kg, did not influence the effect of noradrenaline. In a dose of 5 mg/kg intravenously, it enhanced the response to adrenaline. Similarly, imipramine (2 or 5 mg/kg) did not alter the sensitivity to noradrenaline, while in a dose of 5mg/kg it enhanced the sensitivity of the animals to adrenaline-induced hyperglycaemia.


Using stochastic two-scale mean convergence, homogenization results are obtained for the Dirichlet problem for elliptic equations and systems in divergence form. The coefficients in the equations are assumed to have the bivariate form a(x;T (" 1 x)!) ,w herea is only assumed to be inL 1 (Q) and T is an n-parameter dynamical system defined on a separable probability space which induces random oscillations. The nonhomogeneous terms in the equations are assumed to be in L p and the boundary data is taken to be in W 1 (1=p);p . Results are obtained for both unperforated and randomly perforated domains.


Abstract - For a methanol separation column of the BPA (Bisphenol A) plant, HAZOP (hazard and oper-ability) assessment was performed and damage ranges were predicted from the accident scenarios for the fire and the explosion. As a result, the damage range of the jet fire was 20 m in the case of rupture of the discharge pipe (50 mm diameter) of safety valve, and that of the flash fire was 267 m in the case of catastrophic rupture. Also, the damage ranges of the unconfined vapor cloud explosion (UVCE) for the rupture of the discharge pipe and for the catastrophic rupture were 22 m and 542 m, respectively. For the worst case of release scenarios, safety measures were suggested as follows: the pressure instruments, which can detect abnormal rise of the in-ternal pressure in the methanol separation column, should be installed by the 2 out of 3 voting method in the top section of the column. Through the detection, the instuments should simultaneously shut down the control and the emergency shut-off valves. Key words : HAZOP (hazard and operability), risk assessment, fire and explosion accidents, safety meas-ures, methanol separation column, BPA (Bisphenol A)


This paper is dedicated to Philip S. Corbet on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Abstract Of the three recognised female morphs of I. elegans, only two occurred in Jagotin, Kiev Province, Ukraine. Andromorphs and infuscans together constituted 99.8% of females in the population, and only 0.2 % were infuscans-obsoleta. The present paper is an experimental study testing male responses to female and male models. Three questions were asked: (1) Is the colour of the model an important cue in mate recognition by males? (2) What is the area of male field of view, responsible for mate recognition? (3) Which is the preferred direction, from which each model elicits the maximal rate of copulatory responses? All colour forms of females regularly occurred in copula with males throughout the day. The violacea and andromorph female models were preferred by males. However, the manner of model presentation strongly influenced male response: copulatory responses were rare when models were presented above the male. Copula...


Cavernous sinus syndrome in pediatrics is a rare condition with poorly understood epidemiology. Tolosa Hunt syndrome is characterized by severe and unilateral periorbital headaches accompanied by restricted and painful eye movements. We present a 6-year-old female patient with symptoms of right eye ptosis, diplopia, and recurrent headaches of varying duration. Initial non-contrast MRI showed 2.8 x 2.1 cm mass expanding the right cavernous sinus with extension into Meckel's cave and Dorello's canal. Patient was started on IV corticosteroids on hospital admission and after 2-3 days, eye movements improved.


Ketoconazole is a weakly basic drug that has lower solubility at higher pH. Determination of solubility of ketoconazole in the base solution is not easy due to the poor solubility. The simple, low cost, efficient, accurate spectrophotometry methods in UV/VIS region have been developed for the determination of ketoconazole. The wavelengths were selected at 230 nm using solvent buffer phosphate pH 6.8. The Beers' law was obeyed in the concentration range 5-50 ppm. According to ICH guidelines the parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, the limit of detection, and the limit of quantification were studied. The regression equation of calibration curve was found to be y=0.0448x-0.13. All concentrations were linear, with the absorbance having a correlation coefficient 0.9994. The accuracy was found between 93.84-95.95%. The % Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of Ketoconazole was found to be 0.112-1.237 for intraday and 0.008-0.792 for interday precision. The result of the limit of detection (LOD) for ketoconazole was 0.988 that could be reliably detected and the limit of quantification (LoQ) for ketoconazole was 3.294 ppm. The result of ketoconazole solubility was 21.044±0.759 ppm that indicating ketoconazole was a poorly soluble drug in the intestine. The proposed methods could be applied to the determination solublity ketoconazole in buffer phosphate pH 6.8 with good accuracy, good precise, and simple.


By further study of GPU architecture and GPU stream programming model. In this paper, uniform grid acceleration structure implements on the GPU stream programming model of the ray tracing. It has a lot of ray intersection calculations in the whole rendering process, reducing the efficiency of the whole scene rendering. Rendering without compromising the quality of the premise, put forward that use hardware accelerated Z-buffer to determine the main ray grating method to improve the efficiency of the main ray generation and its experimental verification.


Studying accounting or auditing issues from various previousstudies will be able to open new opportunities to find more variedresearch and to get updates from a study, it is necessary to analyzeprevious research by mapping related research in the field ofauditing. This study aims to conduct research related to the field ofauditing published in various international journals from 2016-2021.This study uses a bibliometric analysis method which consists ofdefining search keywords, namely 'auditing', (2.) initial searchresults, (3.) narrowing of search results, (4.) preparation of initialdata statistics, and (5.) data analysis. The findings of the study were488 articles from 17 publishers, the most published articles relatedto auditing were published by the publishing agency 'Springer'. Themost published articles occurred in 2020 as many as 95 articles.While the most cited article citations in 2019 were 824 with 85articles and the most citations per author occurred in 2017 as manyas 1102 with 78 articles. Based on the results of the research that hasbeen done, it can be concluded that research on auditing hasincreased every year and has become a big concern, this can be seenfrom the results of the publications that are most widely publishedin the journals of Springer and Elsevier.


Wind is one of the most important environmental variables that affects the wildland fire spread and intensity. Modelling wind in physics-based models such as Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) has been shown to reproduce promising results. There are various methods available to generate wind field in FDS. The current paper deals with finding out a better approach to assign inlet conditions for fire simulations in FDS. Firstly, we explore some basic methods of wind field generation available in FDS. The conventional methods of wind field generation are either an unperturbed inlet profile with a roughness-trip or the by embedding artificial turbulence at the inlet. The wind fields generated by these inlet conditions are compared with each other as well as to the wind field generated using a mean-forcing method for neutral atmospheric conditions. Secondly, we use these inlet conditions to study the effects of fire spread in FDS, since simulating the fire plumes is not compatible with periodic boundary conditions. Finally, we test the effect of an underdeveloped boundary layer on fire spread.


The dependence of the nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) yield on the target thickness was studied. To this end, an NRF experiment was performed on 238U using a laser Compton back-scattering (LCS) γ-ray beam at the High Intensity γ-ray Source facility at Duke University. Various thicknesses of depleted uranium targets were irradiated by an LCS γ-ray beam with an incident beam energy of ∼2.475 MeV. The scattering NRF γ-rays were measured using an High-purity Germanium (HPGe) detector array positioned at scattering angles of 90° relative to the incident γ-beam. An analytical model for the NRF reaction yield (NRF RY model) is introduced to interpret the experimental data. Additionally, a Monte Carlo simulation using GEANT4 was performed to simulate the NRF interaction for a wide range of target thicknesses of the 238U. The measured NRF yield shows the saturation behavior. The results of both of the simulation and the analytical model can reproduce the saturation curve of the scattering NRF yield of 238U against the target thickness. In addition, we propose a method to deduce the precise integral cross section of the NRF reaction by fitting the NRF yield dependency on the target thickness without any absolute measurements.


IN THE purification of adrenocorticotropic hormone it was found that the standard test animal used, the male rat, when injected with pituitary fractions from the time of hypophysectomy, at 40–43 days of age, was extremely sensitive to the presence of pituitary interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH). When traces of ICSH were present in pituitary fractions, the degree of differentiation of the testicular tubule at the time of operation was maintained, and sometimes even further differentiation of the testis occurred during the fifteen day injection period. It therefore seemed desirable to determine the sensitivity of this test animal to pure ICSH, as well as to various other gonadotropic agents, such as the hormones in pregnant mare serum and in human pregnancy urine. Greep and Fevold (1937), reported the maintenance of spermatogenesis when injection was instituted immediately after hypophysectomy, and the re-establishment of spermatozoa after postoperative regression of the testes, as a result of inj...


In the past ten years we followed the expansion of cardiology imaging technology and how it relates to integration, tele-consulting and standards. The new frontier of Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) is expanding and require more technology and resources. Cardiology imaging is evolving and needs even more resources than before. The present work proposes a new approach to manage a large cardiology PACS installation using new open-source facilities on affordable hardware creating a reliable system. For this kind of application we moved our core system from Linux platform to the new OpenSolaris unix and to novelty Functions like Solaris Containers, ZFS file-system and Fair Share Scheduler, in order to achieve server consolidation, ease of use and reliability.


Farm fragmentation, in which a household operates m ore than one separate parcel of land, is common phenomenon in the Romanian agriculture. Two c ase studies of land fragmentation in Bucharest metropolitan area were conducted to develop appropr iate techniques for quantifying it since 1990. Methods were derived from participatory mapping app roach, based on satellite images and land registers , and were rendered at a commune level by use of GIS. This study emphasizes that an approach based on participatory mapping and deep level interviewers p rovides valuable results relevant for land consolidations strategies in changing urban area. P olicymakers should focus instead on mitigating the root causes of land fragmentation: inefficiencies i n land, labour market, loan, and food markets.


This paper provides a way to bring together qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate how data analytics could offer an additional perspective to framing social innovation design problems in the classroom. Using data analytics to complement current design research methods could be useful to identify, frame, and address complex societal design challenges more effectively. This methodology can also support design educators who are interested in social issues to frame projects for their students considering real implications and potential impact in an objective way. This paper describes a social innovation studio project sponsored by the Episcopal Farmworker Ministry in North Carolina, in which students applied human centred research to address hydration needs of tobacco seasonal migrant workers in the field, who come to the U.S. from Mexico. The results of this analysis suggest that qualitative methods could benefit from data analytics to develop framing design problems from a comprehensive perspective.


part of human life is given over to the struggle to impose man's own ideas on situations which do not antecedently accord with them, and which remain in the end only partly submissive to his intentions. As far as human experience goes, there is no situation which is plastic without residue to man's wishes. Ingredient in every transaction are certain brute factors which continue to be impervious to his designs, and which he must needs accept for what they are. These in tractably non-conformist elements are in opposition to his plans for them, and eventually, they limit, in ways unforeseen, the transformations which he had originally envisaged. At times, man is impelled by the hope that these "pockets of resistance" may one by one be made to capitulate, and that he may some day rule over an empire unresistingly compliant to his will. Infused with the spirit of idealism he returns again and again to do battle with the insurgents, certain that reason and right must ultimately prevail. But somehow every campaign undertaken with the idea of a final liquidation of the opposition concludes not in a total victory but in a mixture of victory and defeat. Where one rebel stronghold is finally taken, another, deemed loyal, suddenly hoists the banner of revolution. Or entirely unknown hordes of barbarians over-run the borders and create a new front. At other times, man wearies of the struggle to impose his will on life. In a more realistic mood he sees that life will not submit to total or permanent conquest, and that he will never be able to transcend the need for some conces sions to the given. Only particular forms of givenness may be forced to sur render, but their places will at once be occupied by other manifestations of brute factuality; the given as such, uberhaupt, can not be utterly liquidated, and remains to challenge, in one form or another, man's claim to unlimited mastery over life. Man may not aspire to omnipotence for his operations are not ex nihilo; since he functions always within a context of giveness, his mastery of things must be.less than total. He is perpetually reminded of his finitude as he encounters, in every phase of life which he undertakes to shape, a mysterious refractoriness whose strength seems to be commensurate with the vigor of his own determination to overcome it.


The task group, of "development of handy intellectualized ocular tonometer", has put forward the measurement of ocular pressure making use of "Principle of Measuring the Applanation Diameter of Ocular Cornea". Employing the measure principle of common tonometer by planishing ocular cornea, the measurement makes full use of the means provided by optics, mechanics, electronics, and so forth, so that the tonometer has more functions than common one, eg. ocular pressure automatic measure and display. Based on the above - mentioned measurement of ocular pressure, the paper is mainly concerned with several key technical problems: the opticator, the hardware the software design of the tonometer, the calculation method of the ocular pressure, the calibration method result and so on.


It is a systematic assessment with multi-factor, poly-objective and multi-index that the analysis and evaluation of comprehensive effects of water-soil loss control in small basin,whereas the reliability of its assessment result is closely related to the selected index system and evaluation method.Based on the deep studies on index system and method of comprehensive effects assessment of water-soil loss control and combined with local present condition,the index system,method and process of evaluation of comprehensive effects of water-soil loss control in semiarid loess hill-valley areas are put forward.


The current situation of rapid developing quick-frozen food production in China was introduced.The quality and some existing problem were analyzed.Some useful suggestions to sustainable development of quick-frozen food were put forward.


Decamethylferrocene (FeCp*2) was found to be an effective cocatalyst for metal-catalyzed living radical polymerization with FeBr2/n-Bu4NBr as the main catalyst. For polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with a bromine-type initiator, the conversion was limited in the absence of FeCp*2, whereas the polymerization was apparently promoted up to higher conversion (∼90%) upon combination with FeCp*2. Despite the acceleration, molecular weights and its distributions (MWDs) were fairly controlled (Mw/Mn < 1.1, conversion = 90%). The "concerted" catalysis with the two iron complexes allowed superior control of the polymerization to those without FeCp*2 to give high halogen functionalities of obtained polymers. Importantly, the two iron complexes can perform the catalysis helping each other, independently of electron support from ligands (e.g., phosphine). Therefore, ligand dissociation by polar groups, i.e., "catalyst poison", does not matter in the FeCp*2-concerted system, leading to control over (co)polym...


This paper used SPSS and ARCGIS to measure the urban integration degree and well-being index, spatial features, and their correlation. This results show: (1) The space differentiation of migrant workers' urban integration degree in Xi'an distinct: The northern great site protection zone area is low, eastern military area is peak and the western electronic district and southwest high-tech zone are second peak areas. (2) Migrant workers' well-being index has differentiation spatial distribution: eastern military area is significantly higher than other regions, northern economic zone shows low-lying shape, southern cultural and educational area is higher than northern economic development zone, and central business district is higher than the surrounding. (3) As the result of correlation analysis in SPSS 19.0, it is shown that there is certain positive correlation between urban integration degree and well-being index of migrant workers in main urban districts of Xi'an. Economic integration and social integration have positive prediction to well-being.


Abstract. The paper presents the visible emissions through frequency up-conversion and energy transfer process in the waveguide rare-earth (RE) codoped with RE3+/Yb3+ (RE=Er, Pr, Tm), as well as physical properties of fluoride glasses and their fabrication par physical vapor deposition. The RE doping is made by substituting LaF3 in the base ZLAG glass composition (70%ZrF4-23.5%LaF3-0.5%AlF3-6%GaF3). Under 980-nm excitation, the emissions in planar waveguides of 2 to 3 thickness are found similar to the ones observed in bulk; blue and red emissions for 0.5Pr3+/xYb3+ codoping and blue emission for 0.75Tm3+/xYb3+ codoping with x ranging from 1 to 5 mol%. The bulk glass doped with Er3+/Tm3+/Yb3+ can generate simultaneously and with high efficiency red–green–blue emissions from single-wave pumping at 980 nm. These preliminary results show that Er3+/Tm3+/Yb3+ triply doped ZLA waveguide is a potential material for compact white light sources.


An entire Occidentalist tradition of citizenship theory viewed citizenship as a modern, progressive institution that helped overcome particularities of unequal social origin. Contrary to the claims of this (mainly male) Western scholarly tradition, the article argues, first, that the institution of citizenship has developed in the West through the legal (and physical) exclusion of non-European, non-White and non-Western populations from civic, political, social and cultural rights; these exclusions, and thus citizenship as such, have historically been (en)gendered. Second, the article maintains that citizenship and gender are the most decisive factors accounting for extreme inequalities between individuals in rich and poor countries in the twenty-first century. Forms of racialization, sexualization and precarization to which the acquisition of citizenship and the corresponding gain in social mobility are linked today are illustrated with examples of practices to subvert citizenship law through marriage or childbirth in countries relying primarily on jus sanguinis and jus soli, respectively.


As a result of the study, we have determined goals and principles of the author's selection, transformation and presentation of the character's direct statements that are part of the narrative structure of Pushkin's works. It is revealed that the author's limitation of the character's direct statements provides them with the maximum degree of emphasis in the text and increases the semantic significance of their formal organization.
The analysis of the characters' polymorphic direct statements in «Eugene Onegin» has showed that the hero's «word» includes not as much an authentic characteristic of the subject being expressed as an explication of the author's position in
relation to him. It is found that the degree of individualization of the characters' speech behavior, applied by the author, is determined by their personal significance («human
self-stability») and is in direct correlation with it.
The analysis of Olga Larina's statements taken as an example has shown that the heroine's «word» and her interlocutors' «silence» as a «minus-word» serve to reveal her zero existential human essence.
The character's detailed statements (the girls' song, Lensky's elegy, Tatyana's and Eugene's letters) in «Eugene Onegin» are individualized by their partial or complete discrepancy with the author's statements on certain formal grounds. The analysis of Lensky's elegy has showed its complete coincidence with the
author's «word», which, along with the exclusively quoting nature of the elegy content, serves as evidence of the hero's depersonalization by the author. An analysis of Tatyana's letter revealed the presence of «prosaic» and «poetic» parts in it, the markers of which are various forms of appeal. It, along with other
differentiating features, separates Tatyana's letter from Eugene's formally similar letter. It endows the heroine's statement with unique formal characteristics and gives Tatyana the highest degree of personality among other characters of the novel.


The research challenges in numerical methods in engineering are in constant evolution. The two driving forces for this evolution are the development of novel methods and algorithms and the investigation of new fields of application where numerical modelling opens unexplored perspectives to experimentalists and practitioners. We took occasion of Prof. Antonio Huerta's sixtieth birthday to ponder the current trends of the discipline, the questions to be answered in the near future and the most promising lines of work. Antonio's research record is essentially transversal, covering many different topics and applications in the broad fields of mathematical and computational modelling and computational engineering. Distilling his work in the last decade and his perspectives in the years to come, we identified the keywords forming the title of this special issue of the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering: credibility, high-fidelity, and reduced computational cost. In fact, simulations in daily industrial practice are characterised by computationally demanding problems for which fast, accurate, and reliable numerical strategies are required. Thus, with a large variety of problems spanning, for example, from aerodynamics to solid mechanics, from vibro-acoustics to thermo-mechanics and microfluidics, the three keywords (credibility, high-fidelity, and reduced computational cost) are common features in modern computational engineering techniques. The concept of credibility in computational engineering pertains to the technologies allowing to assess and control the accuracy of the computed numerical approximations and the uncertainty of models and data, including error estimation and uncertainty quantification. The high-fidelity paradigm requires the employment of advanced discretisation techniques, for example, high-order methods, to capture complex features of the phenomena under analysis, in close connection with credibility tools. Of course, the computational cost of these procedures may represent a bottleneck for their application to realistic problems. In this context, low-cost methodologies, including lowest-order discretisations, reduced order models as well as mesh, degree, and model adaptivity play a crucial role to make computational engineering methods and algorithms affordable. The 12 manuscripts in this special issue cover a wide range of techniques related to the above mentioned topics, including: accurate high-order1,2 and fast lowest-order discontinuous Galerkin discretisations;3,4 mesh,1-3,5 degree,1 and modal basis6,7 adaptivity; a priori error estimates,8 a posteriori error indicators,1,3 error bounds,5,7,9,10 and error estimates in quantities of interest;2,6,9,10 a priori5,10,11 and a posteriori2,6-9,12 reduced order models. The papers included in this special issue are a representative sample of insights in state-of-the-art technologies and innovative ideas in computational engineering that will contribute to keep the interest of the scientific community in the disciplines covered by the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering.


A two-dimensional free surface potential flow of a liquid poured from a container is calculated when the liquid runs along the underside of the spout. The effect of surface tension is taken into consideration and gravity is neglected. We computed numerically the solutions for the free-surface profiles using boundary–integral equation. The numerical computation shows that the solutions are found for different values of α and a train of capillary waves in the far field for 10 16 4 < ≤α . . No solutions were found for α < 4.16.


A characteristic kidney disorder is commonly seen in Itai-itai disease in addition to the severe bone damage. Hence, urinary proteins of Itai-itai disease patients were analyzed by disc electrophoresis in order to diagnose this disease early and to distinguish it from other kidney diseases.The results are summarized as follows.1) Five different bands, designated as B-1 to 5 according to the decreasing order of the anodic mobility, were commonly detected in urinary proteins of Itai-itai disease. This pattern was specific for the disease and was provisionally named as I (Itai-itai disease) type.2) Three different bands, one corresponding in mobility to serum albumin and two other slower migrating bands, were seen in urinary proteins in other kidney diseases, while the urinary protein from healthy adults was composed solely of albumin. These patterns were provisionally named as K (kidney disease) and N (normal) type respectively.3) Among the five bands seen in the I-type pattern, B-3 and 4 specifically appeared in Itai-itai disease and seemed to be important in distinguishing I-type from K or N-type.4) Six protein fractions, prealbumin, albumin, α1, α2, β, and γ-globulins were prepared by cellulose acetate electrophoresis from a Itai-itai disease patient's urine and were utilized in disc electrophoresis to identify the above described five bands. It was revealed that B-1 was composed of α1-globulin, B-2 of albumin, B-3 of α1 and α2-globulins, and B-4 and B-5 of α2 and β-globulins, respectively.These results indicate that the disc electrophoretic analysis of urinary proteins is a useful screening test in the early diagnosis of Itai-itai disease. It also provides a clear distinction of this disease from other kidney diseases.


The dinuclear complex [VO(L)]_2(μ-O)(H_2L=salicylaldehyde benzoylhydrazone) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that two oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom of the tridentate hydrazone ligand are coordinated to vanadium(Ⅴ) atom. The vanadium atom approximates to a distorted square pyramidal coordination sphere. The redox potentials of the title complex in different solvents follow the order: CH_2Cl_2CH_3CNDMF.


A previously developed theory of the boiling mechanism is used to derive a new equation for the critical heat flux. This equation correlates satisfactorily the experimental data on boiling of water, hydrocarbons, alcohols, freons, cryogenic fluids and liquid metals.


This thesis aims to describe pharmaceutical sector in Greece and to provide financial
data on this sector. In addition, this thesis would try to find potential possibilities of
growth on pharmaceutical industry by making financial statement analysis with ratios.
Moreover, this thesis provides data on building of a quality system into a
pharmaceutical industry.
In the 1st chapter (Pharmaceutical sector), there are references about the evolution of
pharmaceutical sector both in Greece and globally. Moreover, there are references
about the framework of pharmaceutical policy in Greece, the different categories of
pharmaceutical products and demographic trends both in Greece and other European
countries.
In the 2nd chapter (Financial data of pharmaceutical sector), there are references about
the contribution of pharmaceutical industry in Greek economy. In addition, there are
references about total sales of pharmaceutical companies in Greece, the public
expense on health and especially on drugs and also the effectiveness of R&D
departments in order to create sales.
In the 3nd chapter (Strategic analysis of pharmaceutical sector), are analyzed the
macro and micro environment of pharmaceutical companies. Macro-environment is
analyzed by using PEST analysis and micro- environment is analyzed by using
Porter's model. Furthermore, there are references on the degree of concentration of
Greek pharmaceutical market. Finally, in this chapter, are described the directions that
Greek pharmaceutical companies should follow in order to increase their competition.
In the 4nd chapter (Financial statement analysis of pharmaceutical sector), firstly, are
described the major methods of financial statement analysis. In this thesis, it is used
financial statement analysis with ratios in order to analyze the pharmaceutical sector.
In the 5nd chapter (Quality in pharmaceutical industry), are analyzed all principles and
all requirements in order to build a quality system into a pharmaceutical industry. In
this chapter also, are described all the benefits occurred from the implementation of a
quality system in a pharmaceutical company.


Author(s): Avery, Michael L.; DeHaven, Richard | Abstract: Damage caused by birds to ripening sunflower was evaluated in 60 fields (about 70% of all planted fields) in the Sacramento Valley, California, during 1980 and 1981. Overall monetary losses were roughly $6,800 (24 fields) and $7,400 (36 fields) in 1980 and 1981, respectively. The percentage losses estimated for the individual fields were low, ranging from O to 5.4% of the crop; in about two-thirds of the fields, losses were l0.5%. For the 12 fields with the highest (≥1 .0%) damage, the average per acre monetary loss was roughly $18. Damage levels within local areas were relatively constant between the two years. Although several species of birds caused damage, house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) were apparently most important. Their foraging behavior differed from that of blackbirds, which fed extensively on insects in addition to sunflower. The presence of large numbers of blackbirds or finches in fields was not always an indication of bird damage. Additional research may lead to recommendations for alleviating the moderate losses which a few growers now incur.


Through an empirical investigation of 11 Korean firms before and after the Asian financial crisis, the author examines the impact of increasing external market pressures on internal labor market (ILM) practices. In addition, the merits of ILMs are tested by capturing the reactions of white-collar managers within these firms. The author posits that 1) firms may desert ILM practices in the face of external pressures but do so in varying degrees, and 2) despite reduced values placed on firm-specific human capital in the marketplace, ILM practices continue to have merit in promoting consummate cooperation and delaying perfunctory cooperation. The findings generally support the hypotheses, and implications of these results for theory and practice are discussed.


It is very important to get financial supporting for Small and Medium Business(SMB) from the banks, which can set up a effective credit assessing system so that it can dispel misgiving of bank in the cause of the loaning to SMB. According to the credit grade assessment for SMB in practice and the related theories, a set of index system which assesses a SMB's credit grade is established. Basing on the index system, a multi-layer support vector machines (SVM) classifier is established to assess and classify the SMB' credit grade. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, a real case is given and BP neural network is also used assess the same data. The experimental results show that multi-layer SVM classifier is effective in credit level assessment and achieves better performance than BP neural network.


Middlebrow Literature and the Making of German-Jewish Identity. By Jonathan M. Hess. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010. 280 pp. 5 ills. $57.50 cloth.In the course of the nineteenth century, the opportunities afforded by emancipation and modernization subjected the coherence and consistency of traditional constructions of Jewish identity to multiple challenges. It is within the larger context of this process of the modernization of European Jewry that Jonathan Hess's Middlebrow Literature and the Making of German-Jewish Identity charts Jewish responses to the challenges of modern society in the shifting historical and cultural setting of nineteenth-century Germany. In critical conversation with ground-breaking work by eminent scholars of German-Jewish literature-such as Hans Otto Horch, Itta Shedletzky, George L. Mosse, and Jonathan Sorkin-this meticulously researched, original, and engagingly written study persuasively presents a new perspective on the social and cultural function of Jewish literary production in nineteenth-century Germany.Jewish participation in the rise of bourgeois culture demanded the negotiation of new cultural identities. The all-pervasive prominence of the concept of Bildung (education), corresponding to a rapidly expanding book market and the diffusion of reading culture via lending libraries, newspapers, journals, novels, plays, and serialized fiction, prompted the creation of a specifically Jewish literature in German. It found its voice among other print media especially in periodicals, the most prominent of which was the Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums. Launched in 1837 by the liberal rabbi and moderate reformer Ludwig Philippson in Magdeburg with a clearly defined agenda of creating "modern Jewish belles lettres" (Hess 27), it was later rivaled by projects such as the orthodox periodicals Jeschurun, established in 1854 and edited by Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch in Frankfurt am Main, and Der Israelit, founded by Rabbi Marcus Lehmann in Mainz in 1860.These projects challenged the literary vision promoted by Philippson and his brother Phobus, whose serialized novella, Die Marannen (1837), is discussed at length in the first chapter of Hess's monograph as the archetypal example of the attempt to re-create through the experience of Sephardic Jews in Golden Age Spain a "usable past" for German Jews in historical fiction. Die Marannen aimed to provide a model of cultural, philosophical and aesthetic aspirations, while simultaneously foregoing any wistful retrospective sympathy for the marranos, by showing how the present in Germany surpassed the idealized lost paradise in Spain. Hess reads this novella, and similar texts, as articulations of cultural memory and, no less importantly, as conduits for new forms of Jewish historical consciousness which negotiated between popular and high culture in order to advance enlightenment and modernization.The orthodox approach, as discussed by Hess in the fourth and last chapter of his study, proposed a very different model, one that was dedicated to the creative appropriation of mainstream secular literature in the endeavor of ensuring a harmonious balance between modern culture and a self-consciously orthodox Judaism. These texts, frequently written by rabbis, sought to create and sustain a vision of orthodoxy as tied to German culture and notions of modernity. By redirecting the allegiances of their readers in tales of contemporary life to orthodox virtues they maintained, in opposition to reformist tendencies, continuity with orthodox Jewish tradition.Common to both approaches was the use of middlebrow literature by Jews to actively and self-consciously negotiate multiple identities and allegiances in nineteenth-century Germany while fulfilling in various ways, and with different forms of Judaism in mind, the cultural function of (re)affirming the commitment to Judaism. The same strategies are traced by Hess also in the second and third chapters of his monograph in other genres, the ghetto tale and romance fiction, respectively. …


In this paper we present some elements of the history of 'scientific' psychiatric hydrotherapy and, moreover, of a particular form of the water purifying ritual - that is, foot washing - among the populations living in Greece and in Orthodox communities in the Balkans. We speculate on the reasons that caused the virtual disappearance of the former, while the latter still flourishes.


The weight control agency of crawler crane machine may be in the problem of inadequate strength in engineering applications. It will be analyzed and improved design by finite element. The bracket and frame are respectively calculated by static, established the finite element model, imposed loads, solved the result and sum up the stress distribution disciplinarian. The improved agencies are re-analyzed by the ANSYS. After re-analyzed, the intension of the weight control agency meets the strength requirement.


The QUAM-ISB format Presented here has the advantages of the
existing AM stereo formats.The first advantage is its comprehensive
performance is vcry good.With quadrature modulation technique,its audio
signals in main channel and subchannel are respectively modulated on two
quadrature carrier-frequencies and the AM component of transmitting signal,
as in MOTOROLA format,is modified.The second one is the spectrum of
transmitting signal has the characteristic of independent sideband,because
audio signals in main channel and subchannel have been phase-angled 90°
before modulation.comparing with quadrature characteristic it has the same
feature as KAHN format does.
 Here the QUAM-ISB's comoosition is discussed in detail and also block
diagrams of transmitter and receiver are presented.Then transmitting signal's
spectra are analysed and calculated with CAA technique.Last its some basic
features are researched.


Wearable-and-wireless Electrocardiograph (ECG) has been widely used for long term monitoring due to practical reasons. Besides its high Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), one of patch benefits is its flexibility for users to place the electrodes. However, most of existing commercial wireless ECG patches displays Heart Rate Variability (HRV) only, without ability to provide or record the ECG waveform. Some of them employ two electrodes only: Right Arm (RA) and Left Arm (LA), without additional electrode called Right Arm Drive (RLD). In addition, It is beneficial to provide more than one wireless technology option for ECG patch. We propose a low cost wireless ECG patch that has ability to provide ECG waveform (Lead I) and calculate HRV automatically. Besides RA and LA, it utilized RLD electrode to increase Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR). For data processing, we employed ESP32, a low-power 32-bit microcontroller equipped with Bluetooth Classic (BT), Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and Wifi in a compact module. The test results showed that the proposed ECG patch resulted in more accurate HRV calculation as well as 2,7 times faster transition time compared to a commercial product.


The characteristic of the subband coefficients of the discrete fractional wavelet transform (DFRWT) vary with the change of the order p should be utilized in this paper. The original image is decomposed by DFRWT in different p order near p=1, and the mode subband coefficients have changed slightly with the comparison of DWT(p=1). In order to make the result of image enhancement selective, the paper presents a new image enhancement technique based on DFRWT and adaptive threshold algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed methods effectively promote the enhancement effect in details compared to the result of the order p=1, objective evaluation is of Contrast Improvement Index(CII) are obviously improved.


Cesium tin germanium triiodide (CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3) is one of the proficient inorganic halides the perovskites for better stability that has received wide attention in recent years. In the present study, a lead-free perovskite solar cell structure is designed with Zinc selenide as the electron transport layer (ETL), CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 as the perovskite absorber layer, and PTAA [Poly(bis[4-phenyl]{2,4,6-trimethylphenyl}amine)] as the hole transport layer (HTL). For a more practical understanding of the solar cell, several parameters such as absorber thickness, defect density, doping concentration of absorber layer, interface defects, and working point temperature have been examined. SCAPS-1D simulator is used for the analysis of the proposed device. The PCE of the device has been obtained as 23.15% with VOC = 1.07 V, JSC = 27.24 mA/cm2, FF = 78.82 % at 800 nm thickness of CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 absorber layer. Selecting the best material parameters and easy fabrication is suitable for developing highly efficient and environmentally friendly perovskite solar cells.


In this paper, we compare among performance of different acoustic features for Bangla Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). Most of the Bangla ASR system uses a small number of speakers, but 40 speakers selected from a wide area of Bangladesh, where Bangla is used as a native language, are involved here. In the experiments, mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and local features (LFs) are inputted to the hidden Markov model (HMM) based classifiers for obtaining phoneme recognition performance. It is shown from the experimental results that MFCC-based method of 39 dimensions provides a higher phoneme correct rate and accuracy than the other methods investigated.