Modeling Pre-Attentive Visual Search in ACT-R Andrew L. Reifers (firstname.lastname@example.com), Ian N. Schenck (email@example.com), and Frank E. Ritter (firstname.lastname@example.com) School of Information Sciences and Technology Penn State, University Park, PA 16802 By attempting to integrate and model Treisman's (1990), Wolfe's (1994), and Zelinsky's (1995) theories of visual search, we find unexplored areas of a cognitive architec- ture that can be improved by including a simple imple- mentation of the visual pop-out effect. By introducing an initial implementation into the perceptual-motor compo- nent of ACT-R (Byrne, 2001), we create a formalization of pre-attentive visual search that effectively models current understanding and offers a number of new testable hypotheses. Within visual search, there are a number of proposed theories that can be explored through models in a cog- nitive architecture, specifically those on pre-attentive selection. While the mechanisms of visual search are not fully understood (e.g., Hornof & Kieras, 1997), most researchers believe that there are two broad types of search: serial and parallel. Pre-attentive selection refers to a participant's ability—or lack thereof—to distinguish unique features of a stimulus previous to visually attend- ing and processing that object. 1. Pop(Stim) = 1 ƒ(Stim color ) x ƒ(Stim feature ) ƒ(Total-Stim) 2 Our formula has the added benefit of making the pop- out value of an object dependent on the number of distracters present. A higher number of distracters pro- duce a more distinct pop-out value, which could be used by the architecture in the future to enhance ocularmotor fixation and movement to match Zelinsky's data. Figure 1 shows a comparison of data to the current model, which appears to adequately model the pop out effect. ACT-R/PM+PO is a theory that can encourage further development of a more complete visual simulation system within a cognitive architecture. Adding Pop-out to the Architecture The pre-attentive theories of vision included in ACT- R/PM can be improved by discriminating between preattentively distinguishable objects and non- preattentively distinguishable objects. In order to account for these known affects, we add two parameters to the architecture to assess whether objects in the visual-field significantly distinguishes themselves based on their basic features. A simple example that we use is the difference between an 'X' and an 'O': Because current literature supports the idea of being able to preattentively distinguish unique features on the screen, we have added modifications to ACT-R (ACT-R/PM+PO) that assign a pop-out value to each object in the visual field. Eq. 1 shows how this value for each stimulus increases with the product of both color and feature frequency in the numerator, and decreases as the square of the number of objects increases. This formula will be adaptable as more features are pre-attentively. Each basic feature that is added to this implementation of pop-out will be included as a multiplier of the numerator, and the denominator will simply be raised to the power of the number of features included. Figure 1. Pop-out (parallel) vs. conjunctive (serial) searches compared. References Anderson, J. R., & Lebiere, C. (1998). The atomic components of thought. Mahweh, NJ: LEA. Byrne, M. D. (2001). ACT-R/PM and menu selection: Applying a cognitive architecture to HCI. IJHCS 55, Treisman, A., & Sato, S. (1990). Conjunction search re- visited. JEP:HPP, 16, 459-478. Wolfe, J. M. (1994). Guided search 2.0: A revised model of visual search. Psychonomic Bull. & Rev., 1, 202-38. Zelinsky, G., & Sheinberg, D. (1995). Why some search tasks take longer then others: Using Eye movements to redefine reaction times. Eye Movement Res., 325-336.


A new type of UDP-based video stream transmission system implemented by FPGA is introduced. The design method of each part of the system is analyzed. The test result is obtained in combination with the test scheme, which indicates that the system can meet the requirement of the demand. Finally, the whole design is summarized, and a modifi ed scheme and the prediction for the application market are proposed.


This paper explains the meaning of sustainable growth rate and connotative growth rate.After having compared the data of the living examples,the influences of sale increase on the assets structure and sustainable development of the enterprise by the connotative growth rate,sustainable growth rate or some objective growth rate had been verified.The results show that the enterprise should choose the suitable pace of development.And the sustainable growth rate is the reference to the pace of the enterprise's development.


Abstract Numerical simulations of the formation and growth of soot particles in combustion processes are important for estimating the emission rate of particulate air pollutants and predicting the accurate size and morphology of industrial commodity particles. A new bi-modal soot aerosol model called the Soot Aerosol Moment Model (SAMM) was developed. The SAMM can predict the changes in the soot particle size distribution and morphology simultaneously by monitoring only five variables evolving due to nucleation, surface reaction, PAH condensation, coagulation, sintering, and condensational obliteration. The performance of the SAMM was evaluated by comparing its predictions with those of a sectional soot model and available measurements. The SAMM provided comparable information on the soot particle size distribution and morphology with a more than 100-fold shorter computation time than the sectional model, suggesting that it can be used effectively to develop and test sophisticated chemical mechanisms for soot formation.


To improve the specificity of PCR in detection of genes in genomic DNA, a modified touchdown PCR method was designed by using the common Taq DNA polymerase and the Pfu DNA polymerase with proofreading ability. Genomic DNA was extracted from Dunaliella bardawil, a unicellular and wallless alga being able to propagate in solution of high concentration of NaCl. Two kinds of PCR using Taq and Pfu DNA polymerases were carried out, utilizing the genomic DNA mentioned above as a template, to amplify the upstream promoter sequence of the cbr (carotene biosynthesisrelated) gene. Traditional PCR was used as control. Electrophoresis of the PCRs using Taq DNA polymerase demonstrated that TDPCR produced a single band of 1?272?bp which was corresponding to theexpected cbr promoter, in contrast, however, in the lane of common PCR, two extra nonspecific bands appeared as well as the expected 1?272?bp band. PCRs using the Pfu DNA polymerase displayed that common PCR program generated two bands of 1?272?bp and 500?bp, while the TDPCR program brought about only the expected 1?272?bp band. PCRs using modified touchdown PCR program with both kinds of polymerase were of higher specificity than common PCR. The modified TDPCR program can efficiently improve the specificity of PCR. Similar programs are expected to clone gene fragments that are difficult to be cloned by the common PCR method, or to raise the specificity of PCR in which the false positives are difficult to be eliminated.


In Requirements Engineering (RE), goal models are used to represent stakeholder objectives, which are also known as system requirements or system goals. Stakeholder requirements are of two types: functional requirements and non-functional requirements. Goal models are analysed to find out suitable functional requirements amongst ensemble of all functional requirements. RE literature has addressed both qualitative and quantitative methods for performing goal analysis. Recently, operation research techniques have been used for performing optimal goal analysis. The existing optimisation approaches focus on maximising objective functions. But real world problems involve optimisation of both maximising and minimising objective functions simultaneously. In this study, a game theory based approach is used for solving simultaneous optimisation of both maximum and minimum objective functions in goal models. The proposed approach is applied to Goal-Oriented Requirement Language (GRL) framework which is perceived as a standard for goal-modelling. The practicality of the proposed approach was assessed by running the case studies in a simulated environment using JAVA Eclipse combined with IBM Cplex tool. The results showed that the proposed approach aids in the analysis of goals in goal models with opposing objective functions.


Surface profiling of parallel trenches is shown to be capable of introducing a transverse waveguiding effect to the optical modes of a gain-guided VCSEL, resulting in a dramatic reduction of emission spot-size and spatial filamentation.


This paper presents a study for sea water desalination on board of passenger ships using waste heat from the engine. Three thermal methods for water desalination were explored, namely Forward Feed Multiple Effect Evaporation, Once Through Multi-Stage Flash, and Brine Circulation Multi-Stage Flash. Computer simulation has been developed to calculate the parameters of the desalination plant; the required amount of fresh water and the corresponding total heat transfer area. The optimum plant selection is the one which achieves the required distillate flow rate with minimum heat transfer area. The effect of different variables on the plant selection has been studied, i.e. steam temperature, exhaust temperature, and intake water flow rate. An existing passenger ship has been selected to examine the proposed method where the optimum desalination method has been selected for her using the developed software. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, the economical, environmental, and technical gains are numerically analyzed. Using the waste heat recovery leads to reducing the unit product cost of freshwater by circa 30%. The plant reduced the emissions by about five thousand tons of CO2, 100 tons of NOx and 35 tons of SO2 per year. Applying the optimum design of the proposed salt water desalination on the case study saved 2.7 $/ m3 as a minimum comparing to the average cost of fresh water in ports. These savings can cover the plant capital cost in six years at most.


The author holds that children's literature differs from adult literature by its inner nature of inter-subjectivity, taking "childhood" as the artistic vision of aesthetic creation and object of art performance so as to create its own character of inter-subjectivity. To prove this hypothesis, the paper approaches the following three aspects: inter-subjectivity tendency of childhood primary creation, the children's literature activity as a conversation with childhood, and consciousness of inter-subjectivity of classic children's literature. Against the context of inter-subjectivity as the frontier of literature research, the paper further applies it to the research of children's literature to clarify its significance as a methodology and to trigger off more profound studies in the field.


Branson's effective-moment-of-inertia equation is semi-empirical. The exponent m was derived from 58 beam tests performed by himself. As with all empirical work, the equations are potentially limited to the sample of data from which the equations were derived. For this reason, a theoretical form of the exponent m has been developed to allow a more generic application of the theory. An alternative moment-of-inertia equation is also given which is equivalent to the theoretical version of Branson's equation, but simpler in form. To validate the proposed theory, a series of tests were done to illustrate the accuracy of the equation.


The invention relates to a clock frequency correction circuit which comprises a first phase-locked loop and a second phase-locked loop. Each phase-locked loop comprises a phase discriminator, an integrator charge pump and a voltage-controlled oscillator which are connected in series; a reference frequency is input into one input end of the phase discriminator; the output of the voltage-controlled oscillator of the first phase-locked loop is fed back to the input end of the phase discriminator of the first phase-locked loop through a first frequency divider; the output of the first phase-locked loop is input into the input end of the phase discriminator of the second phase-locked loop through a second frequency divider; the output of the voltage-controlled oscillator of the second phase-locked loop is fed back to the input end of the phase discriminator of the second phase-locked loop through a third frequency divider; and the output of the second phase-locked loop is output through a fourth frequency divider. A double loop phase-locked loop circuit is used and the accuracy of an output frequency is changed by changing the modulus of the frequency divider of the phase-locked loop. The long-term frequency accuracy and the short-term frequency accuracy of the output frequency have the same accuracy and high stabilities; and the output frequency is pulse with the duty ratio of 50 percent.


Abstract A method is described for experimentally determining the ballistic demagnetization factor. By means of a double search coil of novel design the magnetization and the magnetic field intensity are determined from ballistic galvanometer deflexions. While the discussion refers mainly to circular cylinders, the scheme is adaptable to specimens of other shapes. It is particularly designed to obtain accurate measurements of field intensity in cylinders of small diameter.


This study identifies the factors that influence adoption of inorganic fertilizers by maize farmers in Kakamega District. A probit model was used to analyze data collected from 169 maize farmers. The results showed that growing of a cash crop, off-farm income, access to an agricultural extension agent and use of improved maize seed positively and significantly influenced adoption of inorganic fertilizer. Households with more tropical livestock units were less likely to use inorganic fertilizer and instead used animal manure. The inorganic fertilizers used supplied two nutrients mainly phosphorous (P) and nitrates (N). Potassium (K) rich fertilizers were not used despite the fact that maize requires 3 nutrients N, P and K. Almost 80% of the farmers used very low amounts (< 10 kg ha -1 ) of Diammonium Phosphats (18:46:0) and UREA (46:0:0) or CAN (26:0:0) in a given season. Given the low inorganic fertilizer application rates, the farmers are unable to maintain or improve high maize yield. Therefore, efficiency and targeted application of inputs among the low-input farms should be improved in order to raise maize productivity. Testing the soils for nutrient status will improve precision and efficiency of inorganic fertilizers and boost maize productivity.


The Master Address File (MAF) is a national inventory of addresses for living quarters in the United States that the Census Bureau continually updates. One of the goals of the 2010 Demographic Household Survey Redesign is to switch to using a MAF-based frame for current demographic household surveys. To create the best possible current household survey frame from the MAF, a set of filter rules must be established to determine which MAF records should be accepted into the frame. The quality of the filter can have a major impact on the coverage of the resulting frame. We assess the effectiveness of various filter criteria by comparing the resulting frames with a benchmark address list collected from the field listings of a nationally representative probability sample.


Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications after cardiac surgery and is thought to result as a complex interplay between peri-operative factors. The effects of cardioplegia on renal function have not been well defined. We compared the effects of St. Thomas No. 2 cardioplegia solution modified with lidocaine or procaine and found no statistically significant difference in between the two groups. We carried out further multivariate testing adjusting for diabetes and found no statistically significant changes in renal function between the two groups.


Using fuzzy synthetical judgement and fuzzy,the variety of glutinous maize was analyzed.The results showed,synthetical judgement of white glutinous synthetical variety,shangying white glutinousness,wugong white glutinousness were excellent,and the three varieties have distant classification system,The effects will good using the three varieties to select line and combine the synthetical variety.


This poster focuses on the study of term context dependence in the application of sentence retrieval. Based on Markov Random Field (MRF), three forms of dependence among query terms are considered. Under different assumptions of term dependence relationship, three feature functions are defined, with the purpose to utilize association features between query terms in sentence to evaluate the relevance of sentence. Experimental results have proven the efficiency of the proposed retrieval models in improving the performance of sentence retrieval.


Disclosed is an image sensor. The image sensor according to an embodiment of the invention comprises: at least one active pixel and at least one line-optical black (L-OB) pixel arranged in a matrix formation including first through n^th rows and first through m^th columns; a pixel array which outputs pixel signals and dark level offset signals for columns during a readout process on at least one of the first through n^th rows; a row driver which outputs a selection control signal for the first through n^th rows; and an analog to digital converter (ADC) block which converts the pixel signal and the dark level offset signal to a digital format, wherein the pixel array simultaneously outputs dark level offset signals for L-OB pixels included in another row during the readout process on at least one of the first through n^th rows, and n and m are integers greater than or equal to two. By using the image sensor according to an embodiment of the invention, the number of L-OB pixels contributing to the readout process on one of the rows is boosted without increase of the size of a pixel array, such that pixel specific noises are efficiently reduced.


In [59], periodic minimal surfaces in a medium with exclusions (voids) are constructed and in this paper we present two algorithms for computing these minimal surfaces. The two algorithms use evolution of level sets by mean curvature. The first algorithm solves the governing nonlinear PDE directly and enforces numerically an orthogonality condition that the surfaces satisfy when they meet the boundaries of the exclusions. The second algorithm involves h-adaptive finite element approximations of a linear convection-diffusion equation, which has been shown to linearize the governing nonlinear PDE for weighted mean curvature flow.


Two cases of barium peritonitis were reported.Case 1) A 60-year-old man was operated 4 hours after perforation occurring just anal to sigmoid colonic cancer. On the 9 th postoperative day he died, and autopsy revealed severe purulent peritonitis and hepatic multiple metastasis.Case 2) A 49-year old woman was operated 9 days after perforation occurring just oral to sigmoid colonic cancer. After barium peritonitis had subsided, she had sigmoidctomy for cancer.


This research was performed to investigate the influence of ECA pressing step on the workability of copper electrode used for resistance spot brazing application. The asreceived copper material was characterized using optical microscope observation and XRay fluorescence analysis. It was then annealed at 600C for 48 hours followed by ECA pressing using the die with inner angle of 120 and outer angle of 35. The billets were processed by four passes using route BC. After each pass, the billets were examined for cracks and polished again before continued for the next pass. Scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the ECA pressed material microstructure and microhardness distribution in transverse and longitudinal sections. The electrical conductivity of ECA pressed samples was also examined. The results showed a significant increase in microhardness value of samples. After four passes, the microhardness observed was 158Hv and 160 Hv referring to transverse and longitudinal section compared to the microhardness of 60Hv of the asannealed sample. After four passes, the grain size had been reduced from 110μm to the ultrafine fibrous structure of 290nm, in the transverse view. There was also a significant change in electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of 1.5X10 (Ohm-m) was achieved compared to 6.00X10 (Ohm-m) of pure copper standard conductivity. The working performance of processed copper as electrode in resistance spot brazing was studied in comparison to the copper-chrome electrode. The microstructure measurement of brazed joints, the shear tensile strength and microhardness profile observation over the brazing area were evaluated and studied. The processed copper electrode showed an ability to produce comparable joint quality


In Peru, research has been encouraged in recent years. This situation has led to the fact that most universities are aware of the evolution of research rankings. The problem is that many of these research rankings do not take into account the size of the universities, and that is why they are unfair when comparing large universities with small universities. In this sense, the present work proposes a new index to measure the scientific production of universities. The results show a significant difference between the rankings that only take into account the number of publications, with the ranking developed in the present work considering the size of the universities. The results show surprising results, especially for small universities that invest in research.


Nowadays, social media has become an important part of the day to day lives of human being. Most of the communication and information sharing is carried through social networks. With its easy structure and features, social media will continue to gain its popularity amongst people. But however good the technology, it certainly has its own loopholes. With the enormous data shared on social networks, there is one important issue which is needed to be considered that is privacy of the contents. All the huge data stored and shared on social network needs to be protected from outside attacks, malicious users, data misuse, etc. in this project we have proposed a User Control System (UCS) which focuses on giving the users privacy over their contents on social network. The UCS mainly focuses on image data privacy. The system provides certain privacy policies which the user may decide on accordingly. The image uploaded by the user is classified into separate albums created by the user. Each album has a predefined privacy policy. This helps the user to secure the data right after it is share and does not give any chance to misuse the data. When the image is given its policies the viewers and reviews by the viewers is handled according to them. The users I also allowed to choose the good reviews and discard the bad ones. This way the UCS controlled by the user itself helps safeguard data on social network in their own preferable ways.


e12611Background: Accurate assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is important for surgical planning, particularly in management of the axilla. We evaluated the correlation between radiologic complete response (rCR) in the axilla on MRI and likelihood of pCR at the time of surgery. Methods: Our institutional database was queried for patients who underwent NAC from 2010-2016 and had pre- and post-NAC MRI images or report available for review. Clinicopathologic characteristics and MRI findings were recorded. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results: Of 62 patients identified, 54 (87.1%) had suspicious or positive nodes on pretreatment MRI. Among 45 patients with a pretreatment axillary biopsy, 38 (61.3%) had positive nodes. After treatment, rCR was seen in 24.2% and pCR was found in 32.3%. The positive predictive value (PPV) of rCR on MRI was 53%, while negative predictive value was 74%. Patients with resolved axillary nodal disease by MRI had a 37.5% chance of having positive nodes ...


Wolkenstein's bond polarizability approach to Raman intensities is applied to the terminal carbonyls stretching vibrations of some metal carbonyl species. General intensity formulae are given and the cases of M(CO)6(M = Cr, Mo, and W); RM (CO)3[RM =(π-C5H5)Mn or (arene)Cr, arene = simple or substituted benzene rings]; RM(CO)5(RM = BrMn and Ph3SnRe) are discussed in detail.


This method for producing a magnetic powder comprises the formation of core/shell particles, each of which comprises a shell part containing a soft magnetic material, by reducing the surfaces of particles that contain a hard magnetic material.


A variety of techniques have been documented for the recovery of bone loss in areas where rehabilitation with dental implants is planned. The loss of teeth is followed by the loss of height and thickness of the bone too, precluding the installation of dental implants. The premature bone loss in this region can also cause pneumatization of the maxillary sinuses. So, the corrections of these defects are a real challenge for dentists and oral surgeons. The technique of segmental osteotomy with bone interposition graft has proven to be a viable option to solve this problem. This clinical case report describes the successful application of the technique in the treatment of decreased vertical dimension in the posterior area of the maxilla, where 7 months later 4 dental implants were installed. Two dental implants of 13 mm, and two dental implants of 11 mm, demonstrating success with bone height that was achieved in the case, making the use of this technique very sustainable in bone loss of posterior area of the maxilla with pneumatized maxillary sinuses.


The Health Information Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) has created many regulations that health care providers must follow to assure health information security, with critical obligations toward pieces of the human element --- training, awareness, and human resources policy. The HIPAA Security Rule provides a regulatory framework, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology provides a model for the development of policy to meet obligations of the Security Rule. Health care organizations are advised to follow the NIST model to meet training, awareness, and human resources obligations, as well as the moral obligation to keep health information private.


In order to guarantee the conversations go smoothly, the two participants in the conversation should abide by some basic principle, which is called Grice's Cooperative Principle. The paper explains the four maxims and analyses the conversational implicature produced by the violation of the maxims.


The article is mainly about student's physique current situation investigation between college students in Fujian Province and the same age of students of Fujian Province and Our country Fuzhou .By means of comparision , it shows the standard of colleagian in Fujian Province is superior to that of Fujian Province and our country ,and reaches z-degree.


Newcastle disease is an infectious disease of poultry caused by an avian Paramyxovirus type I that affects more than two hundred avian species. It is an enzootic disease in parts of Asia, Africa, the Middle East and some countries in South America. Isolated outbreaks of Newcastle disease occur sporadically in some European countries and Central America. This review synthesizes available information on the virus and the disease it causes. The disease is transmitted by direct contact with infected animals or by indirect contact through inanimate carriers. The incubation period of the disease varied from 2 to 15 days. Five pathotypes were distinguished according to the incidence and severity of the clinical signs. Velogenic strains, which are the most virulent, can cause 100% mortality in unprotected herds. Control measures are based on mass vaccination of susceptible animals and the application of biosecurity measures in poultry farms. Regulations are also put in place to prevent the introduction of the virus into countries free of the disease. © 2021 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.


Polymerization of proteins via sulfhydryl−disulfide interchange occurs at the oil−water interface. However, it is not known if this polymerization reaction takes place only within the protein film of an emulsion particle or also occurs between the protein films of emulsion particles. To elucidate this, emulsions made with pure β-lactoglobulin and pure α-lactalbumin were mixed at 1:1 ratio and the time-dependent intermolecular sulfhydryl−disulfide interchange between the protein films of β-lactoglobulin-stabilized and α-lactalbumin-stabilized emulsion droplets were studied. In pure protein emulsions, polymerization of β-lactoglobulin occurred whereas it did not occur in α-lactalbumin. However, disulfide cross-linked β-lactoglobulin−α-lactalbumin polymers formed in the cream phase but not in the serum phase of the emulsion-mix emulsions of pure β-lactoglobulin and pure α-lactalbumin emulsions. The extent of polymerization increased with storage time, indicating the occurrence of interparticle polymerization...


Purpose:  To elucidate the morphologic appearance of small non‐tumorous arterioportal (AP) shunts mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma on helical computed tomography (CT), their associated outcomes, and their relationship with alpha‐fetoprotein levels in patients with chronic liver disease.


This paper reviews some existing ethical principles applying to modelers and analysts. It then proposes a new principle motivated by modern advances that allow modeling and analysis to confront uncertainty-even deep uncertainty-and to do so effectively. Given these advances and the high stakes that are often involved, analysts have an obligation to convey more information than has been expected in the past-information to help decisionmakers choose strategies that will hedge as well as feasible against uncertainties. Using dilemmas familiar to analysts, including some that draw on topical events, the paper then discusses challenges involved in following the principle and suggest tactics that can help in doing so.


Strain relaxation and consequent generation of defects in GaAs/InxGa1−xAs/GaAs heterostructures with x=0.05–0.3 prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition have been studied using photoluminescence, positron beam, and x-ray diffraction techniques. Photoluminescence studies have indicated peak shifts and broadening in the spectra as the In concentration is increased. Broadening is attributed to defect generation, caused by In substitution beyond the critical limit. Depth resolved defect-sensitive S-parameter measurements, using a low energy positron beam, exhibit an increase in the S parameter over a depth range corresponding to the In substituted layers as the In concentration is increased. The results are suggestive of the production of open volume defects like misfit dislocations in the In substituted layer. A simplified analysis of positron beam data shows that a 5% In sample is defect-free, indicating that it is pseudomorphic to the substrate. A 10% In sample is in the transition region, while ...


This study aimed to determine and evaluate the thermodynamic properties of crambe fruit at different equilibrium moisture contents. The dynamic-gravimetric method was used to collect experimental data. Crambe fruits with an initial moisture content of approximately 26% db (dry basis) were used. The thin-layer desorption of the product was conducted at different controlled temperatures (25, 30, 35, 40, and 45°C) and at water activity levels ranging from 0.10 to 0.89 until the product reached the equilibrium moisture content at the specified air condition. In conclusion, the thermodynamic properties of crambe fruit are affected by temperature and moisture content. The isokinetic theory is valid for the desorption process, which is controlled by enthalpy, and the Gibbs free energy is positive at all of the tested temperatures, which indicates that water desorption is not a spontaneous process.


Arabidopsis hemoglobin 3(AtGLB3) is a truncated hemoglobin.Compared to AtGLB1,AtGLB3 has a different origin,biochemical characteristic,and structure.To identify the subcellular location of AtGLB3,a recombinant plasmid with a green fluorescent protein gene(pUCGFP/AtGLB3) was constructed and transformed into onion epidermis cells by the gene gun method.The transient expression of AtGLB3 and GFP fusion protein in onion epidermal cells showed that AtGLB3 was localized in the cell membrane.


The results from the second wave of the Eurosysystem's Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) indicate that Cyprus households experienced very large falls in their incomes and value of real assets between 2009/2010 and 2013/2014. However, despite their worsening financial situation households largely maintained their relatively high level of consumption during the crisis years from 2012 onward by taking on more debt and running down their financial assets. This relative failure of Cyprus households to adjust their expenditures and repair their balance sheets during recent years has resulted in huge debt problems for many households and their creditors. Indeed, HFCS estimates indicate that the ratio of required debt payments to income for Cyprus indebted households reached 35.7% in 2014 and was an overwhelming 64.1% for the least-wealthy bottom 20%. Policy recommendations for dealing with the serious financial difficulties of households are advanced including a program to write-off the debt of households which do not have the ability to repay.


The constant evolution of science and the growing demand for new technologies have led to new techniques in instrumentation that can improve detection, separation, resolution, and peak capacity. Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) is presented as a powerful tool in complex sample analyses. During an analysis, a sample is subjected to two independent separation mechanisms that are combined, resulting in increased resolving power. For appropriate application of LC×LC, understanding the influence of parameters that require optimization is necessary. The main purpose of optimization is to predict the combination of stationary phases, separation conditions, and instrumental requirements to obtain the best separation performance. This review discusses theoretical, intrumental, and chemometric aspects of LC×LC and focuses on its applications in foods. It aims to provide a clear understanding of the aspects that can be used as strategies in the optimization of this analytical method.


ABSTRACT Multi/bilingual education has been found to have the potential to provide more equitable education for linguistic minority students; nevertheless, these students have not fully benefitted from it due to unequal power dynamics and Englishdominant language ideologies. While bilingual programmes in secondary schools remain extremely rare in the US, the Bilingual Diploma in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme offers a high school level bilingual curriculum and fosters heritage language education and multiculturalism. This study examines how advanced bilingual education in one International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in a US high school served linguistic minority students' specific needs by establishing an institutional structure promoting heritage language learning, which significantly empowered those students by overcoming deficit-oriented ideologies.


Use of PDE V inhibitors of the formula I wherein R1, R2 are independently H, A, OA, OH or Hal, R1 and R2, together also alkylene having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, -O -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-O-CH2-, -O-CH2-O- or -O-CH2-CH2-O-, X is R4, R5 or R6, monosubstituted by R7, R4 represents linear or branched alkylene with 1 to 10 carbon atoms may be replaced one or two CH2 groups - CH = CH-, R5 denotes cycloalkyl or cycloalkylalkylene having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, R6 denotes phenyl or phenylmethyl, R 7 denotes COOH, COOA, CONH2 , CONHA, CON (a) 2 or CN, a is alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and Hal is F, Cl, Br or I, and salts and / or physiologically acceptable solvates for preparing a medicament for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men who are treated simultaneously with vasodilators which act via the NO-cGMP system.


A 47-year-old black woman with no prior medical problems presented to the emergency department after a syncopal event associated with palpitations while walking. The patient noticed new onset of palpitations while walking that lasted about an hour. She subsequently had a syncopal episode. She denied dizziness, lightheadedness, dehydration, or seizure-like activity. Medications included antihistamines and oral contraceptives. On admission she was afebrile, heart rate 84 bpm, blood pressure 121/73 mm Hg, respiratory rate 18 breaths per minute, and her oxygen saturation was 97% on room air. The physical examination was normal except for a small (1 cm) head laceration.

A noncontrast computed tomography of the head was negative for any acute intracranial findings. The chest radiograph showed no acute cardiopulmonary disease. The electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm at a ventricular rate of 69 bpm, no evidence of ST segment changes, and an isolated T wave inversion in V2 (Figure 1).

Figure 1.
Admission 12-lead ECG showing normal sinus rhythm and no suspicious findings.

She was admitted with high suspicion for cardiac syncope given her symptoms of palpitations before the event. Myocardial infarction was ruled out. A pro-B-type natriuretic peptide was normal and thyroid-stimulating hormone test was normal. A D-dimer level was not checked. Telemetry was only significant for episodes of sinus tachycardia. A resting transthoracic echocardiogram was technically difficult but showed normal left ventricular (LV) size and function, ejection fraction 50%, and grossly normal right ventricular (RV) size and function (Figure 2; Movies I and II in the Data Supplement). There was not enough tricuspid regurgitation on the resting …


In October 2007, the International Space Station (ISS) crew noticed a vibrating camera in the vicinity of Starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ). It had less than 5 months of run time when the anomaly was observed. This 3.2 m-diameter bearing joint supports solar arrays that power the station critical to its operation. The crew performed an EVA to identify what was causing the vibration. It was discovered that one of the 3 bearing tracks of this unconventional bearing had significant spalling damage. This paper discussed the SARJ's unique bearing design and the vulnerability in its design leading to the observed anomaly. The design of an SARJ vacuum test rig was also described along with the results of a life test that validated the proposed repair should extend the life of the SARJ a minimum of 18 years on-orbit.


In this work on partial denture design, part I covers basic principles and the rationale of denture design, while part II describes and illustrates designs for 250 of the most common partially edentulous arches. A standard design is presented, and possible variations are discussed.


Design pattern detection (DPD) is a reengineering task that is used in the object-oriented software development process. It is helpful to software developers to easily understand, maintain, and redevelop software. In this paper, we have applied a new technique for design pattern detection by using the cosine similarity technique (CST). Usually, the cosine similarity technique is used to find the similarity between 2 matrices. However, in this paper, we apply the cosine similarity technique for finding the similarity between the design pattern graph to system model graph.


Objectives To research the effects of hyperthermia and(or) cigarette smoke on the micronulei of bone marrow in mice.Methods The induced mutagnesis effects and interation of hyperthermia and(or) cigarate smoke and cigarette were studied by the micronucleus formation in bone marrow of mice.Results The hyperthermia (40℃,41℃,42℃) significantly induced nutation of micronuclei in bone marrow of mice(P0.01),and a significant temperturerespone was found. When the water soluble substances contained cigarette somke was given by ip(1.0~2.0 cigaratte/20gwk),subcutaneous inject(1.5~2.0cigaratte/20gwk) and oral(2.0 cigaratte/20gwk) in mice on hight temperture a significant induction and interaction (P0.01) on micronucleus of the bone marrow were also observed.Conclusion The hyperthermia combing cigaratte somke can significantly induce mutation of micronuclei in bone marrow of mice and they have synegistic action.


Aiming at development of educational project and working practice of continued education for physical edu- cation teachers of primary and middle school, by methods of literature and investigation, the paper elucidates the ne- cessity and feasibility of continued education for physical education teachers of primary and middle school, airs their opinion at the training mode, curriculum setting and its module, training personnel constructing and fostering and existing problem and provides some concrete proposal. The aim is to supply theoretic and practical basis for continued education for physical education teachers of primary and middle school.


This paper investigates the relation between three different notions of privacy: identifiability, differential privacy and mutual-information privacy. Under a privacy-distortion framework, where the distortion is defined to be the expected Hamming distance between the input and output databases, we establish some fundamental connections between these three privacy notions. Given a maximum distortion D, let ε*i(D) denote the smallest (best) identifiability level, and ε*d(D) the smallest differential privacy level. Then we characterize ε*i(D) and ε*d(D), and prove that ε*i(D) - εx ≤ ε*d(D) ≤ ε*i(D) for D in some range, where εx is a constant depending on the distribution of the original database X, and diminishes to zero when the distribution of X is uniform. Furthermore, we show that identifiability and mutual-information privacy are consistent in the sense that given a maximum distortion D in some range, there is a mechanism that optimizes the identifiability level and also achieves the best mutual-information privacy.


The Roma children of Transylvania are probably the most materially deprived in Europe. They often live in one-room shacks made from wood and mud, with no running water, no sanitation, and sometimes no heating. Many rely on charity for their food and medicines. But, are they play deprived? This paper summarises an observational study of the play behaviours of children in a small Roma village. It highlights the striking contrast between the abject poverty that characterises their lives and the general happiness of the children. These children live their limited lives to the full. They 'play everywhere and with everything', but not in the generally accepted sense of that phrase. The usual niceties of privacy, personal possessions and property boundaries are irrelevant here. Their play is rich in imagination and creativity; it is living proof of Nicholson's theory of loose parts.


The professor was having the final class of the term.He asked the students to prepare for the final examination well.He said."The examination papers are now in the hands of the printer.Are there any questions?"


Background/Objectives: Reverse Engineering of Electronic Programme Resources (EPR) is the process of reading the binary data from the files having ".bin" extension and presented in a well-structured format. Method/Analysis: The resources used with the EP resources are text, pictures, colors and UI controls, each of these are stored in XML format then converted to .bin extension files to be flashed on an embedded device. If the developer wishes to see the contents, it is very difficult to analyze the format as well as the data, as it is in binary format and needs an expert to interpret it. Findings: The required concept can be shown visually by which developer will know the format readily, and this work tries to satisfy the requirement of analyzing the binary format for heterogeneous multimedia embedded software systems. Applications/Improvements: The research introduced can be applied to any software binaries that are to be flashed on an embedded device obtaining the necessary binary format.


Water has become a vital element in studying heritages, since researchers has realized that heritages are not only about sites per se, but also include multiple elements that reflect human social and cultural development along historical evolution, and water is one of the most important sector to study. To study further maintenance of water systems of cultural heritages, it is necessary to understand the authenticity of water which is decided by interactions between human and water into consideration, and notice different interactions would result in different discussion on further water management and preservation, for water systems have been changed and reformed by human to adapt to environment and sustain future generations.

In this case, the author would like to discuss further water management and preservation based on different interactions between human, water and sites. The examples of heritages along Silk Roads would be provided to illustrate the author's point that further practical approaches on water maintenance should be based on the relationship among human, water and sites


Separating an object in an image from its background is a central problem (called segmentation) in pattern recognition and computer vision. In this paper, we study the computational complexity of the segmentation problem, assuming that the sought object forms a connected region in an intensity image. We show that the optimization problem of separating a connected region in a grid of N×N pixels is NP-hard under the interclass variance, a criterion that is often used in discriminant analysis. More importantly, we consider the basic case in which the object is bounded by two x-monotone curves (i.e., the object itself is x-monotone), and present polynomial-time algorithms for computing the optimal segmentation. Our main algorithm for exact optimal segmentation by two x-monotone curves runs in O(N4) time; this algorithm is based on several techniques such as a parametric optimization formulation, a hand-probing algorithm for the convex hull of an unknown planar point set, and dynamic programming using fast matrix searching. Our efficient approximation scheme obtains an ∊-approximate solution in O(∊-1 N2log L) time, where ∊ is any fixed constant with 1>∊>0, and L is the total sum of the absolute values of the brightness levels of the image.


With the widely use of high integration,high power electronic equipments,the aerodynamic noise problem gets more and more attention of people,and the sources of main aerodynamic noise,the fan,gets more in-depth research.With the development of simulation calculation method as well as computer technology,numerical simulation has become the new ways of aerodynamic noise simulation,prediction and noise reduction.After the conclusion of the related methods of aerodynamic noise simulation,axial flow fan aerodynamic noise numerical simulation is carried out using the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent and LES large eddy model,analyzing the axial flow fan aerodynamic noise generation mechanism,verifing the correctness of the method,and the results show that LES turbulence model is an accurate prediction model for aerodynamic noise,which meets the requirements of Engineering application.


For some time now many of us have harbored the knowledge or at least the suspicion that Marxism is an inadequate perspective for the critical analysis of advanced society. We have toyed with syntheses, those of the Frankfurt School, of the Italian phenomenological Marxists, of the Freudo-Marxists, of the French existential Marxists without completely satisfying results. Radicals who prefer action to theory also bear witness to the impasse of Marxism by their frantic flight from advanced society under the changing banner of some Hero of the colonized peoples, Ho Chi Minh, Che Guevarra, Mao and now Stalin himself. In this conjecture Jean Baudrillard, in Le miroir de la production, has attempted a radical deconstuction of Marxism along with an alternative standpoint for today's radicalism.


Empowering rural women through political participation and educational reform is not only key to revitalizing rural communities, but also unlocking a powerful force for positive change that has been long overlooked. This study aims to investigate the impact of educational reforms and rural revitalization on rural women's political participation barriers in five villages of Guiyang city, China. The research used a quantitative method, and 303 responses were collected. The study found that all of the hypotheses were accepted, except the moderation hypothesis. The study found that educational reforms have a significant impact on rural women's political participation barriers. The findings also indicated that rural revitalization significantly affects rural women's political participation barriers and acts as a mediator and moderator in the relationship between educational reforms and rural women's political participation barriers. The study used a PLS-SEM method to analyze the data, and the independent variable "educational reform" was divided into three sub-variables: education, personal, and governmental. The dependent variable "rural women's political participation barriers" was also divided into three sub-variables: social-cultural barriers, institutional barriers, and barriers related to tools, capacities, and resources. The results of this study have significant implications for policymakers and researchers in the field of rural development and women's political participation. The study highlights the need for continued efforts to improve educational reforms and rural revitalization programs to promote rural women's political participation.


A tangentially viewing pinhole camera has been used to image the COMPASS‐C plasma in the vacuum ultraviolet and soft x‐ray spectral regions with framing rates up to 330 Hz. The PC‐based system acquires up to 256 128×128 pixel images per shot and incorporates an array processor to allow on‐line tomographic reconstructions. Data compression is used to reduce the data load by a factor of 4.


The utility model relates to a cup transmitting and covering mechanism of a high-speed paper cup machine which consists of mechanical actions of a structure of double cams and a rocking bar and a structure of double swing bars and a sliding bar. The cup transmitting and covering mechanism combines the actions of a cup transmitting mechanism and a cup covering mechanism into the same station. The cup transmitting cam is driven by a drive mechanism to rotate. The rocking bar pulls the the sliding bar to move up and down intermittently. A swing arm periodically swings a cup transmitting ring and changes direction in an angle of about 90 degrees to complete the cup transmitting action and transmit the cup body. The cup covering cam is driven by the drive mechanism to rotate, so that the cup covering rocking bar drives the short swing bar and the long swing bar to swing mutually and the long swing bar drives the cup covering sliding bar and a cup supporting plate to periodically move up and down intermittently to complete the cup covering action. The transmitting link of transmitting the cup plate is deleted and the shortness of covering the cup by the cylinder is replaced. Thereby, the utility model has the advantages of advanced structure, flexibility, durability, improved production rate, etc.


In the environment of educational informatization of the day,schools at all levels are deeply proceeding informational reform and innovation of talents training.As teachers of information technology in middleschool,they have not only a great weight of teaching responsibility,but also play a major part in further pushing forward the informational process of education.So the training task of teachers is certainly more pressed than ever before.According to performance technology and instructional design theory,the paper analyzes the information literacy and knowledge structure of teachers,and suggests a detailed measure for training qualified teachers.


Acoustic cell separation uses ultrasound waves to separate cells from plasma to perform plasmapheresis. Although the fundamental process has been studied for decades, no acoustic cell separation has been studied in a disposable plastic format suitable for clinical applications.


OBIC (Optical Beam Induced Current) microscope is an application of a scanning laser microscope. It enables to visualize a photo conductivity and/or depletion region of p-n junction in a semiconductor material. This paper briefly reviews the principle of photo current measurement, instrumentation, and some applications. Moreover, spectroscopic OBIC image has been investigated with the specially designed OBIC microscope which can switch the excitation wavelength.


It is 1921, and post-revolutionary Russia is being torn apart by civil war. Out of the wreckage rises a crazy, eagle-eyed Baron, who plans to conquer the largest empire the world has ever known... When he fails to get his hands on Russia, the Bloody Baron, Baron von Ungern-Sternberg, sets his sights on Mongolia... Ages 10+.


The secondary literature on novels and dramas by German women writers of the eighteenth century often stresses the fact that these texts are thematically limited to the realm of home and family. Lydia Schieth, for example, maintains that "the portrayal of a reality outside of the home and of alternative life choices constitutes a taboo for novels by women writers."1 According to Karin Wurst, neither the female protagonists nor their authors were able to "imagine adventures outside of the house."2 Dagmar von Hoff writes that "controversy, deviation, motion, the Other" are sacrificed in dramas by women writers: "They chose confinement, final forms, stagnancy, death."3 It cannot be denied that these analyses are adequate representations of a large number of novels and dramas by eighteenthcentury women writers. But one should also keep in mind that they do not do justice to many other such texts. In historical reality as well as in fiction, women devised strategies that enabled them to expand their sphere of action and to lead—or at least imagine—a life of adventure and excitement. One such strategy was cross-dressing. It is generally acknowledged that questions of authorship are inseparable from the gender of the writing subject. The demarcations are especially clear-cut in the eighteenth century when authorship was construed


The MINCOME study created a separated (incorporated) administrative structure to manage the payments. One of the study goals of MINCOME was to assess the administrative cost and complexity of a guaranteed annual income. Understanding the payments system is important for that assessment.


A support module is provided to make the shape used in common and economically and to simplify the structure by integrating an electric rotation driving unit to the support module. A support module(11) comprises a supporting member(16) disposed on a base(15); objects(14) moved in a first working and moving direction or a second working and moving direction(13) vertically elongated about the first working and moving direction alternatively; and an electric rotation driving unit moving the supporting member from or back to a moving plane of the objects. The electric rotation driving unit is shaped as an electric servo motor, disposed at a driving module unit(18) separately from the base and the supporting member or detachably fixed with the base in necessity, and formed with an output driving shaft driven and rotated by the servo motor and a crank disc of a crank driving unit connected with the output driving shaft at one end separated from the servo motor in the output driving shaft.


Reinforced concrete cooling towers of hyperbolic shell configuration find widespread application in utilities engaged in the production of electric power. In designing critical civil infrastructure of this type, it is imperative to consider all of the possible loading conditions that the cooling tower may experience. One important loading condition in many nations is that of earthquake excitation, whose influence on the integrity and stability of cooling towers is profound. Previous research has shown that the columns supporting a cooling tower are sensitive to earthquake forces, as they are heavily loaded elements that do not possess high ductility, and understanding the behaviour of columns under earthquake excitation is vital in structural design because they provide the load path for the self weight of the tower shell. This paper presents the results of a finite element investigation of a representative "dry" cooling tower, using realistic horizontal and vertical acceleration data obtained from the recent and widely-reported Tabas, Naghan and Bam earthquakes in Iran. The results of both linear and nonlinear analyses are reported in the paper, the locations of plastic hinges within the supporting columns are identified and the ramifications of the plastic hinges on the stability of the cooling tower are assessed. It is concluded that for the (typical) cooling tower configuration analysed, the columns that are instrumental in providing a load path are influenced greatly by earthquake loading, and for the earthquake data used in this study the representative cooling tower would be rendered unstable and would collapse under the earthquake forces considered.


Abstract The failure in tension of polyamide-11 solvent-welded joints has been studied, with a special emphasis on the effect of predrying the adhesive at 40°C before mating. During the initial 30 minutes of predrying the fracture strength increased to a maximum value. Thereafter, the fracture stress decreased toward an equilibrium value. This general behavior occurred with notched and unnotched tensile specimens. The initial increase in strength is associated with the increase in concentration of polymer at the mating interface. The subsequent decrease in strength is associated with a decrease in the mobility of the polymer molecules at the mating interface as the concentration of solvent at the mating interface decreases by evaporation. It was found that the small amount of polymer that is initially dissolved in the adhesive has no effect on the fracture stress or its relationship to predrying time. It is concluded that polymer is dissolved in the adhesive in order to adjust its viscosity so that it can...


The invention discloses a processing process of a wear-resisting anti-impact type pile foundation steel protective barrel. 0.16-0.22% of Mn, 0.85-1.0% of Cr and 0.16-0.22% of Mo are added, so that the atomic activities of the elements C and N are improved, air mass formed by each atom can form strong interaction with dislocation to generate a yield platform, and relatively great stress is needed to be provided by the outside to start the dislocation, and therefore, the tensile strength is guaranteed to reach 675/Mpa, the percentage elongation after fracture is guaranteed to reach 18.20%, the end-surface shrinking percentage is guaranteed to reach 38%, the yield point elongation is guaranteed to reach 44.4J and the yield point elongation is guaranteed to reach 850/Mpa. The processing process of the wear-resisting anti-impact type pile foundation steel protective barrel disclosed by the invention can be used for improving the hardness and the wear resistance of the pile foundation steel protective barrel, and has the advantages of high strength, no pollution, good hardenability, less possibility in cracking and low degree of relaxation.


........................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................... iv CONTENTS ......................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................... xv ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS..............................................xviii Chapter


Flux of soil CH4 was measured by closed static chamber-gas chromatograph technique in larix gmelinii successive cutting forest of Great Hingan mountains in cold temperate zone.The results showed that the soil of this region was a sink of CH4 to the atmosphere as a whole during the growing season,the daily mean soil CH4 flux(mean±SE) was-0.05±0.01 mg·m-2·h-1 during the observation period and the peak values appeared at about 0:00 and 16:00 respectively.Removal of surface litter had no significant effect on CH4 flux during the observation period,but there are some differences in the scale and time distribution.The plot with Iitters has larger scale than the Iitter-free plot.CH4 flux was obviously correlated with soil temperature,but the liner correlation coefficient is relatively small.However,CH4 flux was not correlated with soil moisture,which indicated that soil temperature was a main factor to control the CH4 flux during the growing season in this region.


Even though, indirect advertisements which utilize entertainment program, drama and talk show has been popular as a method to advertise not only products and brand but also policies to people, it is hard to find research about measuring effects by issue placement in TV programs so far. In this research, we considered that distinctions might exist between PPL(Product Placement) and IPL(Issue Placement) in terms of inferring exposure motivation, and we verified IPL effects by setting exposure type(explicit arrangement/suggestive arrangement) and exposure time(high/low) as independent variables and public interest awareness as a Received (May 29, 2017), Review Result (June 13, 2017) Accepted (June 20, 2017), Published (August 31, 2017) Dept. Advertising and Public Relations, Graduate School of Dongguk Univ. email: email@example.com (Corresponding Author) Ph. D., Professor Dept. Advertising and Public Relations, Dongguk Univ. email: firstname.lastname@example.com A study on the effects according to public interest awareness of IPL(Issue Placement) in TV programs : Focused on the moderating effects of policy involvement and prior attitude Copyright c 2017 HSST 250 parameter. Moreover, we examined moderating effects on policy involvement and prior attitude. By this study, we could figure out that obviously, there was a difference in public interest awareness according to exposure types and times, and level of public interest awareness gave meaningful effects on attitude toward IPL and policies. Additionally, we verified that prior attitude could be a significant moderating variable in IPL effect.


Six patients died and one patient survived following infusion of a specific lot of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) within half an hour in May 2008. This study elucidated the underlying pathogenesis.


Extracts from different species of the genus Ferula (Apiaceae) have had various biomedical applications for many centuries. Many biological features of this genus such as cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antiviral, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) inhibitory and antiinflammatory activity have been attributed to sesquiterpene coumarins; structures containing a common coumarin group and a sesquiterpene moiety. This both highlights the importance of sesquiterpene coumarins as biologically active natural products and necessitates further studies on these compounds.


We describe a 55-year-old man who presented with a stroke resulting from active infective endocarditis (IE) involving a heavily calcified bicuspid aortic valve. The case highlights the infrequency of IE involving a heavily calcified valve, the inability of the infection to penetrate the calcific deposits, and the ability of the infection to spread to the adjacent soft tissues, leading to ring abscess and its multiple complications.


This research is based on the problems of work culture and occupational health safety of the padang city fire service. The purpose of this study is to analyze how much the influence of work culture on occupational health safety of padang fire service. This research used quantitative method, with descriptive technique. The technique sampling was done by purposive sampling. Quantitative data is collected using Likert Scale numbers that have been tested for validity and reability. The population of the sample is 120 employees. In this study, it can be seen that there is a positive effect of work culture on occupational health safety of the padang city fire service that has been tested with a  value, and obtained a small significance value of 0.000 out of 0.05 and the percentage contribution of variable X to Y of 37.1%. The value listed in this study is that the better the work culture, the better it can shape the safety of occupational health. This research was conducted to improve the cultural aspects of work in improving the occupational health safety of the padang city fire service.


In risk assessment, no observed exposure level (NOAEL) and benchmark dose (BMD) are usually derived either from epidemiological studies in humans or from animal experiments. In many in vitro studies, concentration‐effect/response curves have been analyzed using different mathematical models finalized to the identification of EC50. In the present article, we propose a model to fit dose‐response curves in vitro. The BMD approach has been used to compare the cell viability (MTT assay) of different rat (C6 and PC12, glial and neuronal, respectively) and human cell lines (D384 and SK‐N‐MC, glial and neuronal, respectively) after 24‐hour exposure to the following neurotoxic substances: manganese chloride (MnCl2), methyl‐mercury (Me‐Hg), and the enantiomers of styrene oxide (SO). For all rat and human cell lines, the potency of the examined compounds was: MnCl2 < S‐SO < R‐SO < Me‐Hg. A preliminary comparison with in vivo toxicity data for these substances gave rise to consistent results. Whereas a reasonable agreement between in vitro and in vivo data has been found for Mn and styrene oxide, a wide scatter of LOAEL has been reported for Me‐Hg and these appear to be either much higher or lower than the BMD for the MTT assay we observed invitro.


The CLE (CLAVATA3/ESR) gene family, encoding a group of small secretory peptides, plays important roles in cell-to-cell communication, thereby controlling a broad spectrum of developmental processes. The CLE family has been systematically characterized in some plants but not Brassica napus. In the present study, 116 BnCLE genes were identified in the B. napus genome, including 7 unannotated, 6 incorrectly predicted and 5 multi-CLE domain-encoding genes. These BnCLE members were separated into seven distinct groups based on phylogenetic analysis, which could facilitate the functional characterization of the peptides. Further characterization of CLE pre-propeptides revealed 31 unique CLE peptides from 45 BnCLE genes, which may give rise to distinct roles of BnCLEs and expansion of the gene family. The biological activity of these unique CLE dodecamer peptides was tested further through in vitro peptide assays. The variations of several important residues were identified as key contributors to the functional differentiation of BnCLEs and expansion of the gene family in B. napus. Expression profile analysis helped to characterize possible functional redundancy and sub-functionalization among the BnCLE members. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the CLE gene family in B. napus and provides a foundation for future evolutionary and functional studies.


A low-cost emergency and communication transportation system used 3-wheeled motorcycles driven by trained community volunteers. Delivery referrals were redirected from health centers to hospitals capable of advanced services including cesarean deliveries, which was associated with reduced facility-based maternal mortality. A low-cost emergency and communication transportation system used 3-wheeled motorcycles driven by trained community volunteers. Delivery referrals were redirected from health centers to hospitals capable of advanced services including cesarean deliveries, which was associated with reduced facility-based maternal mortality. ABSTRACT Although Ghana has a well-organized primary health care system, it lacks policies and guidelines for developing or providing emergency referral services. In 2012, an emergency referral pilot—the Sustainable Emergency Referral Care (SERC) initiative—was launched by the Ghana Health Service in collaboration with community stakeholders and health workers in one subdistrict of the Upper East Region where approximately 20,000 people reside. The pilot program was scaled up in 2013 to a 3-district (12-subdistrict) plausibility trial that served a population of approximately 184,000 over 2 years from 2013 to 2015. The SERC initiative was fielded as a component of a 6-year health systems strengthening and capacity-building project known as the Ghana Essential Health Intervention Program. Implementation research using mixed methods, including quantitative analysis of key process and health indicators over time in the 12 intervention subdistricts compared with comparison districts, a survey of health workers, and qualitative systems appraisal with community members, provided data on effectiveness of the system as well as operational challenges and potential solutions. Monitoring data show that community exposure to SERC was associated with an increased volume of emergency referrals, diminished reliance on primary care facilities not staffed or equipped to provide surgical care, and increased caseloads at facilities capable of providing appropriate acute care (i.e., district hospitals). Community members strongly endorsed the program and expressed appreciation for the service. Low rates of adherence to some care protocols were noted: referring facilities often failed to alert receiving facilities of incoming patients, not all patients transported were accompanied by a health worker, and receiving facilities commonly failed to provide patient outcome feedback to the referring facility. Yet in areas where SERC worked to bypass substandard points of care, overall facility-based maternal mortality as well as accident-related deaths decreased relative to levels observed in facilities located in comparison areas.


the aim of conducting this research is to measure the performance of mutual fund through portfolio (risk/return) Sharpe's model and Treynor's model. The data used is daily high of NAVs of top performing mutual funds and Study period is January 2021-december 2022. we started with the sample of growth scheme for computing relative performance index. The research studies the concept of mutual fund and average risk and return of selected companies of mutual funds which is helpful to take better decisions for investment, whether to invest in which fund according to the rankings given by using Sharpe's and Treynor's model. Keywords: Risk, returns, mutual funds, ranking.


We present two simple analytical methods for computing the gravity-wave contribution to the cosmic background radiation (CBR) anisotropy in inflationary models; one method uses a time-dependent transfer function, the other methods uses an approximate gravity-mode function which is a simple combination of the lowest order spherical Bessel functions. We compare the CBR anisotropy tensor multipole spectrum computed using our methods with the previous result of the highly accurate numerical method, the {open_quote}{open_quote}Boltzmann{close_quote}{close_quote} method. Our time-dependent transfer function is more accurate than the time-independent transfer function found by Turner, White, and Lindsey; however, we find that the transfer function method is only good for {ital l}{approx_lt}120. Using our approximate gravity-wave mode function, we obtain much better accuracy; the tensor multipole spectrum we find differs by less than 2{percent} for {ital l}{approx_lt}50, less than 10{percent} for {ital l}{approx_lt}120, and less than 20{percent} for {ital l}{le}300 from the {open_quote}{open_quote}Boltzmann{close_quote}{close_quote} result. Our approximate graviton mode function should be quite useful in studying tensor perturbations from inflationary models. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Skin cancer has become an important reason for human death in recent years. In the United States alone, the disease affects roughly three million people annually. As the disease progresses, the survival rate dramatically decreases. Because skin cancer extends slowly to various parts of the human body, it is easier to treat in its initial stages, so early detection is best. Due to its high mortality rate, rising incidence, and costly medical treatment, initial detection and symptoms of skin cancer are essential. Due to the severity of these issues, numerous initial skin cancer detection methods have been developed. Using skin images, parameters such as symmetry, colour, size, shape, and other features are utilized to differentiate melanoma, benign, and other types of skin cancer. As a result, the primary focus of this survey is on the various imaging-based approaches to skin cancer detection. This study employs twenty-five papers that concentrate on various techniques, and a survey of research technique-wise is provided. A thorough investigation is completed in view of the software utilized for the execution, and the performance achievement. The review examines a research task that is present in a literary study on skin cancer detection using images in order to support researchers in refining their work.


The types and property of urban bridge and their standard of judgement are complex. In the face of the contradiction between the high cost of health monitoring and the large amount of urban bridges, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is introduced to select the urban bridge. The basic information of urban bridges have been decided as safety factors and importance factors, and the procedure to use PCA have been settled. With PCA and Barrel Principle, the evaluation system to select urban bridge has been established. In addition, this paper takes Beijing as example to use this model. The result shows that this model can consider both the speciality of each city and the generality of urban bridge.


Effects of Korean traditional soybean fermented foods on weight reduction and lipid lowering activities were studied using Spraque-Dawley (SD) rats fed a high fat diet. The rats were raised for four weeks after adaptation period on either a normal diet (ND, based on the AIN-93 diet), high fat diet (HFD, supplemented with 12% lard oil in the ND), or diets containing 10% of freeze dried Doenjang, Chungkukjang, Kochujang, or Samjang to HFD. The final weight, food efficiency ratio (FER) and the weight of adipose tissue were decreased significantly by the consumption of Doenjang and Samjang, compared to HFD (p


By the end of 1980, the total number of Be stars discovered in the field of open clusters amounted to 180 stars distributed in 60 clusters. Among these, 110 Be stars belong to 32 clusters included in the sample I studied, which contains 75 open clusters younger than the Hyades. But only 88 stars with complete UBV photoelectric photometry have been taken into consideration here. The concept of age groups, defined elsewhere (Mermilliod 1981a), is used throughout the present analysis, as well as the new estimate of the colour excesses and distance moduli I obtained for these 32 clusters. Under the assumption of uniform reddening across the clusters, absolute magnitudes and dereddened colour indices have been calculated for the 88 Be stars.


Noise from railroad operations were measured. Noise level data from freight yard operations were measured at the Argentine Freight Yard of the Santa Fe Railroad in Kansas City, Kansas and on a smaller scale in three facilities of the Boston and Maine Railroad in Boston Massachusetts. In addition, wayside noise data from passenger and line-haul operations were measured on the Penn Central Railroad in New Jersey and Massachusetts, and on the Santa Fe Railroad in Kansas. The report contains statistical temporal noise data, graphical time history level recordings, and one-third octave frequency spectra of selected data.


Based on the principles of cognitive learning, social learning, structured learning, and research findings in the field of addiction, a social skills training program was developed, implemented, and then evaluated over a 5-year period. Results indicated consistently that this innovative program was effective in improving emotional expression of hospitalized chemical abusers.


Stereoselective solvolyses of optically active activated esters in the aggregate system of optically active polymeric surfactants containing imidazole and benzene moieties were performed. The catalyst polymers employed were copolymers of N-methacryloyl-L-histidine methyl ester (MHis) with N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecyl-N-[10-(p-methacryloylo xyphenoxycarbonyl)-decyl]ammonium bromide(DEMAB). In the solvolyses of N-carbobenzoxy-D- and L-phenylalanine p-nitrophenyl esters (D-NBP and L-NBP) by polymeric catalysts, copoly(MHis-DEMAB) exhibited not only increased catalytic activity but also enhanced enantioselectivity as the mole of surfactant monomers in the copolymers increased. The polymeric catalysts showed noticeable enantioselective solvolyses toward D- and L-NBP of the substrates employed. As the reaction temperature was lowered for the solvolyses of D- and L-NBP with the catalyst polymer containing 3.5 mole of MHis, the increased reaction rate and enhanced enantioselectivity were observed. The coaggregative systems of the polymer and monomeric surfactants were also investigated. In the case of coaggregate system consisted of 70 mole of cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide with polymeric catalyst showed maximum enantioselective catalysis, viz., = 2.85. The catalyst polymers in the sonicated solvolytic solutions were confirmed to form large aggregate structure by electron microscopic observation.


The Goldreich & Ward (axisymmetric) gravitational instability of a razor thin particle layer occurs when the Toomre parameter QT ≡ cpΩ0/πGΣp < 1 (cp being the particle dispersion velocity). Ward extended this analysis by adding the effect of gas drag upon particles and found that even when QT > 1, sufficiently long waves were always unstable. Youdin carried out a detailed analysis and showed that the instability allows chondrule-sized (∼1 mm) particles to undergo radial clumping with reasonable growth times even in the presence of a moderate amount of turbulent stirring. The analysis of Youdin includes the role of turbulence in setting the thickness of the dust layer and in creating a turbulent particle pressure in the momentum equation. However, he ignores the effect of turbulent mass diffusivity on the disturbance wave. Here, we show that including this effect reduces the growth rate significantly, by an amount that depends on the level of turbulence, and reduces the maximum intensity of turbulence the instability can withstand by 1–3 orders of magnitude. The instability is viable only when turbulence is extremely weak and the solid to gas surface density of the particle layer is considerably enhanced over minimum-mass-nebula values. A simple mechanistic explanation of the instability shows how the azimuthal component of drag promotes instability while the radial component hinders it. A gravito-diffusive overstability is also possible but never realized in the nebula models.


Until now a standardized method to evoke reproducible, qualitatively comparable, statistically analysable and precisely timed and located mosquito bites for experimental purposes was lacking. We here propose a simple procedure that meets all these requirements. In two studies, single Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes of the same age that had been raised under defined conditions were placed in gauze‐covered test tubes in direct contact to the human skin on predetermined sites. In most instances, the mosquitoes approached the skin in less than one minute, started probing through the gauze and took blood for a few minutes until they were fully engorged. In all cases, we succeeded in performing simultaneous bites of single mosquitoes, two of the same species on the same volunteer. Skin reactions resulting from the mosquito bites were tested within a clinical trial by comparing verum‐treated and placebo‐treated biting sites. In both studies, a reactive efflorescence appeared after each bite. The applied method for single‐bite exposition allows for timing of the bites and predetermination of the biting sites. It is reliable, reproducible to a high degree, and easy to perform.


This paper describes a theoretical method for predicting the improvement of the impact sound insulation to a floating floor with the resilient interlayer. Statistical energy analysis (SEA) model, which is skilful in calculating the floor impact sound, is set up for calculating the reduction in impact sound pressure level in downstairs room. The sound transmission paths which include direct path and flanking paths are analyzed to find the dominant one; the factors that affect impact sound reduction for a floating floor are explored. Then, the impact sound level in downstairs room is determined and comparisons between predicted and measured data are conducted. It is indicated that for the impact sound transmission across a floating floor, the flanking path impact sound level contribute tiny influence on overall sound level in downstairs room, and a floating floor with low stiffness interlayer exhibits favorable sound insulation on direct path. The SEA approach applies to the floating floors with resilient interlayers, which are experimentally verified, provides a guidance in sound insulation design.


In this study an improved rice (Xiu shui 11) regeneration system from calli was developed. The regeneration frequency of rice plants was about 35%. To test the regeneration system with transgene, a rice phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene under the control of CaMV 35 S promoter was used to transform calli by use of Agrobacterium mediated transformation method. Plants were regenerated from the transformed calli using the improved regeneration system. The success of gene transfer was confirmed by the PCR method.


Particulate contamination in disk amplifiers with high flashlamp fluxes (which can generate particles) causes three types of laser beam obscuration, which cause small-scale self-focusing. Methods for obtaining disk amplifiers that stay clean are described. (auth)


Objective To investigate the optimal delay time and slice thickness of CT venography(CTV) of the head in order to get better images and to improve the diagnosis for cerebral venous system diseases.Methods Plane dynamic enhancement scanning was performed and a time-density curve of the internal cerebral vein and the superior sagittal sinus was produced at the workstation in order to get the optimal delay time of the cerebral CTV.The data obtained by a scanning thickness of 1.250 mm were retrospectively reconstructed with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm.Results Optimal delay time of CTV in the head was 36 s.Quality of images with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm was superior to that with a slice thickness of 1.250 mm.Conclusion Satisfactory CTV images of the head can be produced with an optimal delay time of 36 s and a slice thickness of 0.625 mm.


The identification of sellers and the discovery of their prices is given as an example of the role of the search for information in economic life.


The cross over-line bridge on expressway should be design in artistic and all kinds of types. It should be consider both topography and environment. It brings us both artistic and perfect by the rational cost, feasible construction and reliable quality.


The diversity of photophysics and photochemistry of the lowlying excited triplet states of aromatic carbonyl compounds has attracted considerable interest in the field of organic photochemistry. For instance, the intersystem crossing rates, phosphorescence lifetimes, and photoreduction activities of these compounds show a marked dependence on both substituents and solvents. Depending on their electronic configurations, the energy of the low-lying triplet states, namely np*, pp*, and charge transfer (CT), can be influenced by substituents and solvents, with possible alterations in the energy-level ordering of the states. The photoreduction proceeds via the T1 state, [5] which has approximate quantum yields that vary between 1 for the np* T1 state, 0.1 for the pp* state, and 0 for the CT state. The strong substituent and solvent dependence of the photophysics and photochemistry of aromatic carbonyl compounds has thus been discussed in terms of the energy-level ordering of the np*, pp*, and CT excited triplet states. It is known that the photoreduction activity of aromatic carbonyl compounds varies gradually with substituents or with solvents. In particular, the pp* T1 states show varying reactivities that cannot be accounted for solely by energylevel ordering. There have been several arguments about this reactivity variation of the pp* T1 state. It is generally considered that the reactivity arises from mixing of the np* character into the pp* state. A mechanism that involves the thermal excitation to a closely lying np* state has also been suggested. These arguments are not based on direct experimental evidence on the ordering of the excited triplet states and therefore are not conclusive; conventional spectroscopic techniques have not been effective in observing close-lying excited triplet states of aromatic carbonyl compounds. Thus, it is highly important to experimentally clarify the energy-level ordering and the electronic configurations of the low-lying excited triplet states of aromatic carbonyl compounds. We have constructed a nanosecond time-resolved absorption spectrometer that is suitable for observing the triplet–triplet transitions in the near-infrared region as well as the vibrational transitions in themid-infrared region. We have focused on the substituent dependence of both the triplet–triplet absorption spectra and the photoreduction activity of a series of acetophenone derivatives. The time-resolved near-infrared spectra of acetophenone (AP) excited at 325 nm in benzene are shown in Figure 1. Upon photoexcitation, two broad transient absorption bands arise instantaneously within the time resolution of the apparatus, and decay synchronously. One band spans from 2000 to 7000 cm , with a peak at 3500 cm . The other band starts from 7000 cm 1 and extends to the higher-wavenumber region above 12000 cm . The decay of these two bands is completely synchronous with the recovery of the ground-state


Background: Gaucher disease type 1 and type 3 are characterized by bone disease and hematological symptoms. It is known that monocyte/macrophage lineage is activated in Gaucher disease, and accordingly certain cytokines are elevated in blood. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible relationships between cytokines and bone remodeling and hematological abnormalities in this disease.


Since occasional cases of gonorrheal infection are penicillin-resistant alternate therapy should be available. This combination of antibiotics seems effective for use in such circumstances.


Abstract A very effective method of spatial averaging for Van Vleck's second moment calculation for polycrystalline materials with internal rotation of atoms is presented. Compared with other methods of spatial averaging described in literature, the method presented in this paper is tens of times faster. The details of calculation presented in this paper enable their immediate application in numerical evaluation of the second moment for structures with internal reorientation.


The current global COVID-19 pandemic is compounding on populations susceptible to tropical illnesses like dengue in different developing countries like Bangladesh. The growing concern is that Bangladesh is a dengue-endemic zone and the peak transmission occurs in the monsoon season (June to October). In the most recent monsoon, a total of 354 dengue cases have been confirmed until 27th July 2020, data-driven from only 41 hospitals alone. A fifty-three-year-old male patient was found to be co-infected with COVID-19 and dengue fever. Concerns arise as hospitals are increasingly denying to admit the patients. Moreover, reports of the false-positive results in dengue screening tests recorded in different countries further exacerbate the issue. These conditions could postpone the early diagnosis of COVID-19 cases and aggravate the situation. In addition, the overwhelming wave of the dengue cases would be a challenge for the vulnerable health care system of the country which is already under strain due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Failure to establish and implement proper policies might lead to the dengue outbreak with the burdens of the concurrent COVID pandemic, resulting in the collapse of the health and social system, as well as the economic growth of the country.


Transforming institutional racism and personal prejudice is a heated topic in the counseling profession and broadly in society. An imperative cultural and individual step to be taken towards addressing racism is making white supremacy visible in order to dismantle it. Part of that step is separating whiteness from supremacy and creating an ethical, humanist, and compassionate model of whiteness. This capstone thesis was a community engagement project focused on arts as therapeutic social action. The author explored oppression and dominance through body and movement with white women who are engaged in anti-racism. Group activities included observing how white supremacy and implicit bias are communicated non-verbally and creating a body movement repertoire for how a white ally moves. The author engaged in further movement exploration alone, including envisioning and practicing interjecting white ally body language into moments of interaction with people of color or other people with less perceived status or institutional power. Moving with the material revealed both verbal and nonverbal insights into whiteness, racial identity, and concrete ways to transform and increase self-awareness of implicit body processes that affect interaction with others. DECONSTRUCTING EMBODIED WHITE SUPREMACY 3 Deconstructing Embodied White Supremacy Through Dance Movement Therapy Community Engagement Project


Bioassay data are reported for 12 organotin compounds, R3SnX, against the adult snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host of schistosomiasis. The relationship between the molluscicidal activity and the nature of the R and X groups in the organotin compounds is discussed, as well as the possible mode of toxic action of these compounds.


The major unknown in paleoceanographic modeling is whether changes of sedimentation patterns can be linked to long–term variability of the global ocean water mass motion in numerical experiments. On a millennium time scale, the most dramatic changes of the ocean circulation are caused by meltwater events in the high latitudes. It is thought that some of these events were strong enough to halt or even reverse the thermohaline conveyor in the Atlantic Ocean. Eolian sediment can be treated as a tracer of the ocean currents, similarly to other passive tracers. The advantage of using inorganic sediment as an ocean tracer is that its distribution can be read in geologic record. A combination of an ocean global circulation model (OGCM) and a large–scale 3–D sediment transport model is employed in this study in order to simulate the global ocean thermohaline conveyor and distribution of the global eolian sediment accumulation patterns. Experiments with a realistic present–day eolian dust source at the sea surface have been carried out. First results are encouraging and indicate that this approach can substantially increase our confidence in paleoceanographic simulations.


Chapter 01. Introduction. - D.L. MacKenzie SECTION I: THE BOOT CAMP MODEL Chapter 02. Boot Camps as a Correctional Option. - G.S. Armstrong Chapter 03: Boot Camp Prisons for Young Offenders - D. L. MacKenzie & D. G. Parent Chapter 04. Correctional Boot Camps for Juveniles. - D. L. MacKenzie & A. Rosay SECTION II: THE DEBATE ABOUT BOOT CAMPS Chapter 05. Shock incarceration: Rehabilitation or retribution? - D.L. MacKenzie, L. A. Gould, L. M. Riechers & J. W. Shaw Chapter 06. A "Machiavellian" perspective on the development of boot camp prisons: A debate. - D. L. MacKenzie & C. Souryal SECTION III: THE ENVIRONMENT OF BOOT CAMPS Chapter 07. Performance Based Standards for Juvenile Corrections - D. L. MacKenzie, G. J. Styve, and A. Gover Chapter 08. Perceived Conditions of Confinement: A National Evaluation of Boot Camps and Traditional Facilities - G. J. Styvey, D. L. MacKenzie, A. R. Gover, and O. Mitchell Chapter 09. Boot Camps and Traditional Correctional Facilities for Juveniles: A Comparison of the Participants, Daily Activities and Environments - A. R. Gover, D. L. MacKenzie, and G. Styve Chapter 10. The Environment and Working Conditions in Juvenile Boot Camps and Traditional Facilities - O. Mitchell, D. L. MacKenzie, A. R. Gover, and G. J. Styve SECTION IV. Inmate Adjustment and Change during Incarceration Chapter 11: The Impact of Boot Camps and Traditional Institutions on Juvenile Residents: Perceptions, Adjustment, and Change - D. L. MacKenzie, D. B. Wilson, G. S. Armstrong, and A. R. Gover Chapter 12. Inmate Attitude Change During Incarceration: A Comparison of Boot Camp with Traditional Prison - D. L. MacKenzie and C. Souryal SECTION V. Impact on Future Criminal Activities Chapter 13. Boot Camp Prisons and Recidivism in Eight States - D. L. MacKenzie, R. Brame, D. JcDowall, and C. Souryal Chapter 14. Effects of Correctional Boot Camps on Offending - D. L. MacKenzie, D. B. Wilson, and S. B. Kider SECTION VI. Adjustment in the Community Chapter 15. Shock Incarceration and Positive Adjustment during Community Supervision - D. L. MacKenzie and R. Brame Chapter 16. Characteristics Associated with Successful Adjustment to Supervision - D. L. MacKenzie, J. W. Shaw, and C. Souryal SECTION VII. Special Offender Populations in Boot Camps Chapter 17. Boot Camp Prisons for Women Offenders - D. L. MacKenzie and H. Donaldson Chapter 18. Shock Incarceration and Its Impact on the Lives of Problem Drinkers - J. S. Shaw and D. L. MacKenzie Chapter 19. The One-Year Community Supervision Performance of Drug Offenders and Louisiana DOC-Identified Substance Abusers Graduation from Shock Incarceration - J. W. Shaw and D. L. MacKenzie SECTION VIII. System Level Impacts Chapter 20. The Impact of Shock Incarceration Programs on Prison Crowding - D. L. MacKenzie and A. Piquero SECTION IX. The Future Chapter 21. Where Do We Go From Here? - D.L. MacKenzie and G. S. Armstrong


The first step to realize an automatic data analysis for fusion plasma experiment is automatically fitting noisy data measured routinely. A textbook example of fitting procedures is the minimization of the squared difference between the measured data and some parameterized functions such as polynomial. This model implicitly assumes that both the noise distribution and the latent function form are already known, however, it is frequently not the case for the real world data analysis. Using the conventional model in such situatiln easily results in overor under-fitting, and therefore some human supervision has been usually necessary. In this work, we propose to optimize a model itself to stabilize the analysis. Based on Bayesian statistics, the goodness of a model M for particular (k-th) data y(k) can be measured by the merginal likelihood,


This book destabilises the customary disciplinary and epistemological oppositions between medieval studies and modern medievalism. It argues that the twinned concepts of "the medieval" and post-medieval "medievalism" are mutually though unevenly constitutive, not just in the contemporary era, but from the medieval period on. Medieval and medievalist culture share similar concerns about the nature of temporality, and the means by which we approach or "touch" the past, whether through textual or material culture, or the conceptual frames through which we approach those artefacts. Those approaches are often affective ones, often structured around love, abjection and discontent. Medieval writers offer powerful models for the ways in which contemporary desire determines the constitution of the past. This desire can not only connect us with the past but can reconnect present readers with the lost history of what we call the medievalism of the medievals. In other words, to come to terms with the history of the medieval is to understand that it already offers us a model of how to relate to the past. The book ranges across literary and historical texts, but is equally attentive to material culture and its problematic witness to the reality of the historical past.


This article is the sixth in a series of short articles on how to deal with readymix concrete. The first five articles appeared in the May, June, July, August and October 2016 editions of Civil Engineering. We trust that these 'how-to' pieces will address any uncertainties about the correct handling of readymix concrete.


In this study, we attempt to gain an understanding of whether or not a change in performance of a biometric system is subject-dependent. We will not attempt to explain the cause of performance change; we know that it is not only age-related, but is also dependent on biometric sample quality and habituation. What will become clear is that measuring the change in biometric performance is challenging, let alone explaining the causes of this change. However, we would challenge the common assertion that the performance of a biometric system systematically degrades overtime.