Regional potential based approach is one of the strategies to create quality human resources that can develop regional potential. Vocational competence which is not in line with the local potential has become a problem in one of regencies in Indonesia namely Tangerang Regency. The purpose of this study was to map vocational competencies in Tangerang Regency based on the potential using the Geographic Information System (GIS). GIS is used to help school mapping so that educational planning can be well realized. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research methods. The data analysis uses LQ and PCA analysis. The results of the LQ analysis show that there are 10 districts that have industrial potential, 14 districts with livestock potential, 4 districts with fishery potential and 19 districts with agricultural potential. The results of the PCA analysis show that there are 14 districts which become priority locations for vocational school development. The mapping of vocational competencies which is based on regional potential in Tangerang Regency uses GIS in the form of maps of regional potential distribution and maps of priority locations for vocational school development.


be treated as stages, even with the admitted caveat that the stages can overlap. The use of these modal ideal types in the analysis of the process of social change had recently been well criticized by Abrams. Secondly, as in their earlier work, the authors rest much of their case,particularly with regard to the meaning and motivations of activities, on choice quotations from questionnaires, without any supporting reference to the generality of these views in the population. The historical counterpart here is their total reliance in the historical sections on quoting contemporaries from secondary sources; one of the main lessons of social history in recent years has surely been how dangerously unrepresentative these comments can be when their substance is subjected to detailed quantitative analysis. Thirdly, on a theoretical front, I have doubts both about the authors' incautious use of the now surely discredited notion that technology per se can be a determinant of social change and, above all, about the principle of stratified diffusion, which seems to ignore totally the possibility that substantial variation in values and goals between different socio-economic groups is likely to endure because of fundamental differences in their market work and status situations. In sum, The Symmetrical Family is a book which we will not be able to ignore,but which we should not emulate. By contrast,London: Urban Patterns, Problems, and Policies is a book which urban historians could easily ignore, but perhaps should not. They could easily ignore it because it is almost exclusively oriented to the practical policy problems faced by the new generation of London social planners and because none of the 13 essays has any specific historical concern. Many of the essays are,however, concerned with issues central to urban history, and particularly with the determinants of patterns of urban residence in London, with the supply,acquisition and allocation of resources in the city, and with the city as a political arena, not at the formal organizational level but at the level of pressure groups and public participation. By careful reading of some of these papers,looking all the time for questions which cry out for overtime analysis,I believe that most urban historians will find new questions which, given carefully-worked and probably comparative historical treatment, could take us beyond the largely a-theoretical pragmatism of the present pieces to the development and testing of some new more general principles of considerable interest to urban sociology. At the same time, and this applies particularly to Ruth Glass's concluding chapter, the book contains useful insights and warnings for anyone who wishes to evaluate the social impact of change in an urban environment. Michael Anderson Department of Sociology,University of Edinburgh


Haghighi S, Lekman A, Nilsson S, Blomqvist M, Andersen O. Myelin glycosphingolipid immunoreactivity and CSF levels in multiple sclerosis.
Acta Neurol Scand: 2012: 125: 64–70.
© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.


In the course of studies have been conducted a method of forming the phase diffractive optical elements (DOEs) by direct laser writing in thin films of aluminum. The quality of the aluminum films were investigated depending on the parameters of magnetron sputtering process. Moreover, the parameters of the laser writing process in thin films of aluminum were optimized. The structure of phase diffractive optical elements was obtained by the proposed method.


Abstract Seven species of Dudua Walker from Mainland China are reported. A new species, D. dissectiformis, sp. nov. is described from south China. D. proba Diakonoff is newly recorded from China. Photographs of the adults and the genitalia are provided. Keys to the Chinese species based on the male and female genitalia are given.


The purpose of this study was to (1) gain the description of PBL mathematicis lesrning model quality towards students; (2) creative thinking ability in solving some open ended problems before the PBL model aplied to them; and (3) getting the description of creative thinking process in solving the open ended problems based on Wallas model in PBL of learning for each Creative Thinking Skill Test CTST. This research is using mixed methods. The result of Mathematical Creative Thinking Skill Test (MCTST) is analyzed quantitatively using classical completeness test and also average difference test. Furthermore, the result of MCTST is analyzed qualitatively to gain the result of students' Creative Thinking Skill Test (CTST) before PBL learning mode to be applied to them. To obtain research data used questionnaire methods, documentation, testing, observations, and interviews. The results showed that: (1) the quality of learning in both categories, (2) Before the model was applied to the class G, 7th grade students of SMP N 30 Semarang the total score of CTST were: 2 students for CTST4, 16 students for CTST3, 15 students for CTST1, and 3 students for CTST0; and (3) the analysis of the interviews and observations show that each CTST has different characteristics of creative thinking process on preparation phase, incubation, illumination, ang verification.


Purpose To determine the prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa in the elderly Chinese population. Methods The Beijing Eye Study is a population-based, cross-sectional cohort study and included 4439 subjects out of 5324 subjects invited to participate (response rate 83.4%) with an age of 40+ years. Readable fundus photographs were available for 4027 (90.7%) subjects. Diagnostic criteria for retinitis pigmentosa were visual field defects on frequency doubling perimetry, typical ophthalmoscopic abnormalities such as retinal pigment deposits, retinal arteriole attenuation, and pigment epithelial atrophy, and no other reason for perimetric defects and fundus abnormalities. Results Retinitis pigmentosa was diagnosed in four subjects (all men). Its prevalence was 0.099±3.15% (95% CI: 0.00, 0.2). Conclusions Retinitis pigmentosa with typical fundus appearance and functional loss may be present in about 1 out of 1000 elderly Chinese in Northern China. Calculated for the whole population in China, the figure would be 1.3 million patients with retinitis pigmentosa.


Abstract This paper scrutinizes and chronologically reconstructs Hans Vaihinger's impact on contemporary Kant research. It provides an account of his engagement at both the exegetical and the institutional level. More broadly, it allows us to appreciate – for the first time, and in a comprehensive way – Vaihinger's significance to the assessment of Kant's legacy.


An X-ray diffraction study has been carried out on single crystals of two symmetrical ureines (N,N′-diiopropylurea and the familiar N,N′-dicyclohexylurea) and one unsymmetrical ureine (N-tert.-butyl.N′-methylurea). The presence/absence of intermolecular H-bonds in the crystal state has been compared to the situation assessed in solution by 1H n.m.r. It was shown by i.r. absorption that soluble ureines may disrupt intermolecular (peptide)N—H- O=C(peptide) H-bonds in methylene chloride, a point of practical interest, particularly in solid-phase peptide synthesis.


Background: Biohydrogen production from formate may aid in efficient chemical and fuel production using H2 as the energy carrier. Results: The hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus was engineered to convert formate to H2. Conclusion: An 18-gene cluster can be inserted into the P. furiosus chromosome for active production of a membrane-bound system. Significance: This work demonstrates the versatility of this model organism for metabolic engineering purposes. Biohydrogen gas has enormous potential as a source of reductant for the microbial production of biofuels, but its low solubility and poor gas mass transfer rates are limiting factors. These limitations could be circumvented by engineering biofuel production in microorganisms that are also capable of generating H2 from highly soluble chemicals such as formate, which can function as an electron donor. Herein, the model hyperthermophile, Pyrococcus furiosus, which grows optimally near 100 °C by fermenting sugars to produce H2, has been engineered to also efficiently convert formate to H2. Using a bacterial artificial chromosome vector, the 16.9-kb 18-gene cluster encoding the membrane-bound, respiratory formate hydrogen lyase complex of Thermococcus onnurineus was inserted into the P. furiosus chromosome and expressed as a functional unit. This enabled P. furiosus to utilize formate as well as sugars as an H2 source and to do so at both 80° and 95 °C, near the optimum growth temperature of the donor (T. onnurineus) and engineered host (P. furiosus), respectively. This accomplishment also demonstrates the versatility of P. furiosus for metabolic engineering applications.


In an attempt to reduce the over-involvement of learner and first year probationary motorcyclists in accidents, the Victorian government amended the law in 1979 to restrict these riders to motorcycles with engine capacities of less than 260 cc. This paper presents an evaluation of sales figures and accident data which indicates a high level of compliance with the law amongst these motorcyclists, and which found that casualty rates for learners and first year probationers began to decrease from mid 1979 and continued to do so until mid 1981. Furthermore, concern has been expressed that since the legislation there has been a trend in the industry towards production of more powerful 250 cc motorcycles. This study found that "powerful" 250 cc motorcycles are not over-represented in accident or sales figures. (Author/TRRL)


Abstract : We raised seven kittens in the presence of a small, randomly blinking, dim light, in an otherwise dark room. We recorded receptive field (RF) properties of single neurons in primary visual cortex, comparing responses of the dot-reared kittens to normally- and dark-reared kittens from the same breeding colony. A substantial number of dot-reared kitten neurons preferred very small moving stimuli, though average RF field size was not significantly smaller than normal kittens'. Only rarely in normal or dark reared kittens did we encounter neurons which preferred very small stimuli. Dot-reared neurons did not prefer ON-OFF stimulation to movement, even though their entire visual experience was with blinking (10 msec duration) not moving stimuli. Compared to dark-reared kittens, there were many fewer non-visual units in the dot-reared sample. Like dark-reared neurons, units in the dot-reared kittens were rarely selective for the direction of movement of stimuli, whereas in our normally-reared sample most units were selective. In the first dot-reared kittens we noted significantly more binocular responses than in our control groups. We challenged the binocular system of t wo more dot-reared kittens by monocular deprivation (MD) in one animal and divergent strabismus in the other. Compared to MD and strabismic kittens reared in our normally lit colony, these two kittens had more binocular neurons, though not as many as the other dot-reared kittens. Because the dot-reared kittens also had good eye alignment compared to dark-reared kittens, we conclude that viewing a solitary blinking dot may exercise a kitten's binocular fixation mechanisms in a way that enhances binocular interaction in visual cortex. (Author)


Acknowledgements Contributors Foreword Carmen Lawrence 1. Global citizenship: theory and practice Geoffrey Stokes 2. Faith Bandler: campaigning for racial equality Roderic Pitty 3. Herb Feith: working for peace across cultures Gary Smith 4. Jack Mundey: the global responsibilities of labour Michael Leach 5. Nancy Shelley: empowerment through peace education Roderic Pitty 6. Bob Brown: ecology, economy, equality, and eternity Peter Haeusler 7. Keith Suter: Christian activism for peace and global change Lucinda Horrocks 8. Margaret Reynolds: community activism for universal values Linda Hancock 9. Michael Kirby: speaking for human rights Roderic Pitty 10. Young Australians as global citizens: an interview Thao Nguyen 11. Globalisation and cosmopolitanism: beyond populist nationalism, and neoliberalism Geoffrey Stokes, Roderic Pitty and Gary Smith Index.


The characteristic of national and cultural identity as necessary basis of unity of the subject and social community is given. Psychological, axiological and cognitive aspects of identity are allocated. The content of categories of social memory, social character and mentality as mechanisms of formation of social identity of the subject is defined. Social memory is considered as an embodiment of objective spirit (last historical experience of the mankind) forming the mental features of the subject acting as an identification matrix by means of social character. The dominating role of social memory in relation to social character and mentality in an identification context is proved.


A former Palama Settlement executive director talks in depth about his family, including his progressive architect and journalist parents; growing up in Manoa; English-standard schools; training in the UH School of Social Work; brother's political career, and the Moanalua Gardens Foundation, where he is education coordinator. Detailed are his experiences at Palama Settlement: history and philosophy of settlements, fresh-air camp, Pakolea and Model Cities programs, Samoan clientele, relationship with Aloha United Way, interaction with the courts and police, staff efforts, involvement of parents, and individual cases, both failures and successes.


Based on principle of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the invention creates the method for quick quantitative measuring the content of cardiac muscle troponin I in cirumferential blood or tissue. The sensitivity of the said method in prior art is low, and the measuring speed is slow (more than one hour). In the invention, two mono-clone antibodies instead of one mono-clone antibody in traditional method are utilized so as to raise capturing capability. Combining amplifying system of marriage chain avidin - biotin, the invention shortens testing time and increases sensitivity so as to meet testing requirement and clinical need.


The details of Anselm's life and career are fairly well known to us on account of the De vita et conversatione Anselmi Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis and the Historia novorum written by his English secretary and disciple Eadmer. We know that Anselm was born near Aosta in 1033, left Italy at the age of twenty-three, and eventually settled at the Benedictine abbey of Bec in Normandy in 1059. To Bec he had been attracted by the reputation of Lanfranc, the prior of the abbey and master of its school, and in 1060 he formally entered the novitiate. Thereafter Anselm's rise to ecclesiastical distinction was rapid: he became Prior of Bec on Lanfranc's departure to Caen in 1063, and Abbot after the death of Herluin in 1078. Finally he moved to England in order to succeed Lanfranc in the archbishopric of Canterbury, a position which he occupied until his death in 1109. Among the external circumstances of Anselm's life, it is perhaps his association with Lanfranc which had the greatest influence upon the formation of his philosophical mentality. However, despite the praise bestowed upon Lanfranc for his intellectual abilities in Eadmer's Vita and the obvious fact that he must have exercised considerable personal magnetism as a teacher to have convinced the young Anselm that he should settle at Bec, the extent of Lanfranc's influence over his younger contemporary has only been revealed by the most modern scholarship.


Plants were an important source of raw materials for many types of cloth in Europe during the Neolithic. On the basis of evidence from waterlogged sites, the most significant raw materials were flax and tree bast, which were used to create woven textiles, twined cloth and netting. Looking towards the investigation of cloth in social anthropology, I propose that issues of time and place are a significant aspect of the social context of cloth. The aim of this paper is to investigate these issues in relation to processing cloth from plants, through a case study of the Neolithic lake dwelling of Hornstaad Hornle IA on Lake Constance, Germany, dated c.3900 BC. Building on recent research into the way these cloth types were processed and constructed in the Neolithic, I use the evidence at Hornstaad Hornle IA to consider the location of these tasks in the home, village and wider landscape, as temporal aspects carried out daily, seasonally or over a number of years and in relation to the lives of members of the village. Through this I hope to show how the methods of processing cloth were not only a technical solution to satisfy the need for various types of cloth, but were part of the way that people's lives were created and made meaningful.


This article gives an overview of how an existing MBA curriculum was leveraged to prepare students to become certified Six Sigma Black Belts (SSBB) through ASQ. Given the advanced level of many of the topics in ASQ's SSBB body of knowledge and the need to complete one or two Six Sigma projects, the goal of preparing students for SSBB certification is perhaps most appropriate for graduate-level business students. Wis article begins by looking at the motivation for preparing students for SSBB certification. This is followed by a brief discussion of the requirements for SSBB certification through ASQ. Next, details of how Wake Forest University leveraged its existing full-time MBA program to prepare students for SSBB certification are presented. A sample of representative projects completed by the students is then summarized to provide readers with insight into the scope of these projects. These examples also illustrate the applicability of the Six Sigma methodology to a variety of business issues and a wide range of organizations. Finally, the results after the author's first year at Wake Forest of helping students prepare for SSBB certification are discussed.


The transport and diffusion module of the WIND System aqueous emergency response program (STREAM code) was replaced with the EPA WASP5 code. A set of input data was developed to model the transport of pollutants from a release point in K-Area to Savannah, Georgia through Indian Grave Branch, Pen Branch, the SRS swamp, Steel Creek, and the Savannah River. To evaluate the modifications to the STREAM code, data from an accidental release of tritiated water from K-Reactor in 1991 were used for benchmarking. A leak in a heat exchanger allowed a small amount of reactor coolant water to be released to cooling streams onsite, eventually reaching the Savannah River. Measurements of tritium concentration were taken at several downstream locations during the release. The results show that the revised STREAM code overpredicts the peak concentrations by 3 to 15%, which is comparable to the measurement uncertainty (one standard deviation). The revised STREAM code underpredicts the transport times of the concentration peak by 18 to 37%. The discrepancies in the travel time could result from uncertainties in the start of the release. The revised STREAM code performed well in simulating both the timing and the magnitude of the maximum observed tritium concentration. This gives confidence that the code can perform well both for emergency response and other engineering or safety analyses


Abstract We pose the problem of estimating the width of the upper layer of a two-stratum medium using data from reflectance measurements made at the interface separating the medium from its surroundings. The lower stratum is assumed to be infinite. In this analysis both the scattering and the absorption coefficients are allowed to differ, but are assumed to be known. We also suggest a simple way to include effects of noise into the analysis.


We study a scenario in which the dilaton, a pseudo-Goldstone boson of the spontaneous breaking of conformal symmetry, provides a portal between dark matter and the visible sector. We consider the low-energy description of the theory in which the dilaton mixes with the Standard Model Higgs boson, thereby predicting a second scalar at or above the weak scale. We derive the collider and dark matter constraints on the corresponding parameter space and find that existing experimental data point towards the decoupling limit in which the CFT scale is well above the electroweak scale. Moreover, the thermal production of dark matter implies its mass is likely above the TeV scale. Upcoming direct detection experiments may allow for the discovery of the dilaton-mediated thermal dark matter while future collider studies will also be sensitive to the available parameter space.


Background: The promising use of lignocellulosic materials as a substrate for the synthesis of biochemical and biofuels has long been recognized. The bioconversion of all lignocellulosic sugars into useful products results in high sugar yields, which makes lignocelluloses appealing for use. Pretreatment and hydrolysis of lignocelluloses at high solids loadings are vital throughout industrial processes, making them more cost-effective and ecologically friendly by lowering the need for capital expenditures, energy use, and water use. The high expense of fermentation medium hinders heterotrophic oleaginous microorganisms' ability to metabolically synthesize single-cell oils for biodiesel use. This study's objective was to ascertain whether bagasse hydrolysate could be used as a cost-effective feedstock for oleaginous Rhodococcus opacus to produce microbial lipids. Methods: R. opacus a strain was used in this study. The culture was first of all maintained at soytone nutrient growth medium (i.e. GROTH MEDIUM 56) and subcultured at regular intervals and as well as preserved at 4°C. For the production media, a minimal salt medium is used. Sugarcane bagasse is pretreated by acidic hydrolysis followed by detoxification of hydrolysate and lipid extraction is done by Folch's extraction process. Results: After a brief adaptation/lag phase, the strain showed a viable growth pattern once the nutrients were detoxicated through the removal of inhibitors (e.g. hydroxymethyl-furfural [HMF]). R. opacus was grown via shake flask fermentation in bagasse hydrolysate with different sugar concentrations. When cultivated in S2 experiment, R. opacus obtained over 50% of its dry cell weight as a lipid with a lipid yield of 64.47% and productivity is 0.015 g/L/h. Conclusions: Depending on the available substrates, different microbial oils had different compositions. These findings suggest that lignocellulosic hydrolysate can be utilized as an inexpensive fermentation substrate for the R. opacus to produce microbial lipids. As a result, the range of uses for aqueous liquors produced by lignocellulosic pretreatment has increased, enabling further improvement.


A simple and fast ion chromatographic method is developed for the determination of transition metals such as Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn and Co in atmospheric particulates. The method involves acid digestion, on-column preconcentration, and subsequent ion chromatogaphic detection. The precision of the method is less than 3 RSD at parts per billion level for the metals studied. No significant interferences are observed. The results obtained with this method agree well with those by ICP-AES.


Abstract : Since its construction in the early 50's, the Centrifuge Facility at Warminster has been extremely active in acceleration research. This report represents a personal selection of the most significant work performed at the facility over a 40-year period.


Objective To investigate the distribution traits of RANTES gene polymorphisms in Ningxia Hui and Han population.Methods Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP) technique were used to type the SNPs of-403(G / A) and-28(C / G) of RANTES gene.Results In Ningxia Hui population,the genotype frequencies of-403G /A(GG,GA and AA) of RANTES gene were 37.5%,46.6% and 15.9% respectively.Allele frequencies(G and A) of-403G / A were 60.8% and 39.2%.The genotype frequencies of-28C / G(CC,CG and GG) were 71.0%,27.3% and 2.7% respectively.And allele frequencies(C and G) of-28C / G were 84.7% and 15.3%.In Ningxia Han population,the genotype frequencies of-403G / A(GG,GA and AA) of RANTES gene were 43.9%,43.9% and 12.1% respectively.Allele frequencies(G and A) of-403G / A were 65.9% and 34.1%.The genotype frequencies of-28C / G(CC,CG and GG) were 75.7%,22.0% and 2.3% respectively.Allele frequencies(C and G) of-28C / G were 86.7% and 13.3%.There were not statistically significant(P 0.05) between the two groups.Conclusion The polymorphisms of-403 G / A and-28 C / G in RANTES gene were no significant difference between Ningxia Hui and Han population.


Objective: To study the outcome of Stapled haemorrhoidectomy in 3rd degree hemorrhoids. Materials & Methods: 50 patients, who underwent stapled hemorrhoidectomy, were included in this study. The study took place at Surgical Unit-I, Civil Hospital, Karachi, from January 2009 to December 2010. Design: Prospective interventional study. Results: Stapled hemorrhoidectomy (SH) was performed in 3rd degree haemorrhoids  in 50 patients. 3 patients had minimum pain and only 1 patient had persistent pain and one patient had post-operative minor bleeding which was managed conservatively. Conclusion: SH is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of 3rd degree haemorrhoids. There is strong evidence that SH results in less postoperative pain than other procedures as well as earlier mobility. In our experience, SH is the treatment of choice for third degree hemorrhoids in hospitalized patients


In this paper we report on the suitability of Ho3+:LiLuF4 and Ho3+:LaF3 as active media for solid state lasers emitting in the green spectral region. The ground state absorption spectra were measured and employed to calculate the emission cross section spectra via the reciprocity method. These allowed to derive the gain characteristics for various inversion ratios. The decay dynamics of the 5F4,5S2 multiplet, which would act as upper laser level, were investigated to estimate the quantum efficiency. Measurements of the excited state absorption were conducted which showed that stimulated emission is the dominating effect around 550 nm. Laser operation was demonstrated in the green spectral region by employing Ho3+:LaF3 as gain medium. Laser oscillation occurred in a self-pulsed regime with a maximum average output power of 7.7 mW, a repetition rate of 5.3 kHz, and a pulse duration of 1.6 μs. To the best of our knowledge this constitutes the first green laser emission of a Ho3+-doped crystal at room temperature.


Advances in ultra sensitive instrumentation have allowed the detection of single fluorescence molecules in solution, on dielectric surfaces, and in low-temperature solids. However, these studies are limited by the requirement of a high fluorescence quantum yield and do not often provide sufficient spectroscopic information for identification. These problems are addressed by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) which provides highly resolved vibrational information, does not suffer form rapid photo bleaching, and eliminates the need for fluorescent tagging of nonfluorescent species. Recent studies of single silver nanoparticles reveal intrinsic enhancement factors as large as 1015. These giant enhancement factors allow single- molecule SERS spectra to be obtained using visible or near- IR excitation. The detection efficiency of experiments using visible excitation has thus far ben relatively low. Approaches to detecting single labeled and unlabeled biomolecules and to increasing the overall detection efficiency of single-molecule SERS with visible excitation are presented.


Abstract : This monograph offers a decision framework for complex problems of resource allocation. Includes chapters on formulating the problem, the research effort, evaluation of alternatives, interpretations of results; and implementation and verification once the decision is made.


The invention provides a processing method and system of a status of a message. The method comprises the following steps: a, receiving an open instruction of a message list and displaying the message list; b, detecting rolling speed of the message list; c, processing statuses of unread messages according to the rolling of the message list. The status of a predetermined message in the unread messages is changed according to the rolling speed of the message list, and the operation is more concise.


. Simeulue oral traditions called Smong are the result of a tsunami natural disaster in 1907 that taught how to protect oneself from the tsunami. Nevertheless, the current generation rarely sings Smong and story. Children on other islands must also know their history, in addition to being required for school students in Simeulue to know their history because it is useful as a science in coping with natural disasters. Smong oral tradition and its use as literary reading material in elementary schools were investigated. Using qualitative data collection methods such as observation and document review, the research writing method employs quantitative data collection methods. Smong can be used as literary reading material in elementary schools, according to this report, by translating the original form of Smong, which is a chant in Acehnese, into children stories that use more practical terms and use appropriate illustrations.


The switching dynamics of ferroelectric materials is a crucial intrinsic property which directly affects the operation and performance of ferroelectric devices. In conventional ferroelectric materials, the typical ferroelectric switching mechanism is governed by a universal process of domain wall motion. However, recent experiments indicate that Van der Waals ferroelectric CuInP2S6 possesses anomalous polarization switching dynamics under an electric field. It is important to understand the switching dynamics, but it remains theoretically unexplored in CuInP2S6 due to the lack of description of its order-disorder phase transition characteristics by density functional theory. Here, we employ a machine-learning potential trained from the first principles density functional theory dataset to conduct the large-scale atomistic simulations of temperature-driven order-disorder ferroelectric phase transition in CuInP2S6. Most importantly, it is found that the electric field-driven polarization switching in CuInP2S6 is mediated by single Cu dipole flip, rather than conventional domain wall motion mechanism. This intrinsic unconventional switching behavior can be attributed to the competition between the energy barrier of domain wall motion and single dipole flip.


Considering the construction and optimal designation for Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration(CZTUA) hierarchical logistics networks,mode split for different transportation in different hierarchy is finely defined to formulate a more practical bi-criteria bi-level programming model.The lower level model describes the users' choice behavior under the background of multi-mode and multi-hierarchy among the core city logistic hubs whilst the upper one pursuits the minimization of the generalized logistics cost as well as maximizes the whole logistics volume in the whole CZTUA logistics networks so as to meet the requirement of regional economic and social development.Adapting combinational mutation, an improved real-coded genetic algorithm is proposed to obtain solution for the bi-level programming problem in which a solution approach of Lagrangian dual incorporating with penalty method that could overcome the defects of the widely-applied Frank-Wolfe method is presented for the lower level programming.The solution algorithms together guarantee the approximate global optimum.


In this paper, we analyze whether the total debt ratios and bank loan ratios of Chinese listed companies had any impact on their fixed investment in 2001-2006, and whether this impact, if it existed, differed among companies with differing investment opportunities. The analysis led to the interesting result that the bank loan ratio had a stronger impact on fixed investment than the total debt ratio, and actually had the strong effect of restraining investment particularly by low-growth companies, implying that in China, banks supervise the investment activities of companies more strongly.


The utility model discloses a portable elevator speed limiter tester which is used for the test of the installation site of an elevator. The technical proposal of the utility model comprises a photoelectric sensing device which comprises a speed-detecting rotating shaft, the shaft body of the speed-detecting rotating shaft is installed and supported on a pedestal, a pedestal cover is arranged on the pedestal, and an optical coded disc is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft; the disc edge of the optical coded disc is positioned at a groove of a photoelectric element, and the photoelectric element is arranged at the side of the optical coded disc; a permanent magnet is arranged at the suspension extending end of the rotating shaft, the photoelectric element is connected with a socket by a conducting wire and is utilized to cause an electric signal to be output to a microprocessor; thus, the working speed of the speed limiter can be received by the sensing device. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, light weight and convenient carryover; thus, the utility model is favorable to the site measurement of the elevator.


We study in detail the properties of gravitationally bounded multistate configurations, made of spin-zero bosons, in the Newtonian regime. We show that the properties of such configurations, in particular, their stability, depend upon how the particles are distributed in the different states they are composed of. Numerical techniques are used to distinguish between stable and unstable solutions, and to determine the final configurations they evolve towards. Multistate equilibrium configurations could be used as models of galactic halos made of scalar field dark matter, whose rotation curves appear more realistic than in the case of single-state configurations.


agencies during past geological epochs, and standing protests against the danger in geological speculations of drawing deductions from negative evidence. In pal~eontologieal geology the warning is perhaps scarcely necessary; for an accidental discovery of fossils has again and again occurred to produce a deep, timely, and salutary impression on the minds of rash theorists ; and it is not perhaps too much to hope that an equal service will be rendered to the cultivators of physical geology by the discovery of these isolated and strangely preserved relics of vast formations in the Scottish Highlands.


This research seeks to explore the stylistic features of translators, by examining Roger Allen's and Raymond Stock's English translations of Arabic Nobel Laureate Naguib Mahfouz's work. The methodology expands on that presented in Gabriela Saldanha's Translator Style: Methodological Considerations (2011a). The data-driven research was conducted using two parallel corpora: The Corpus of Translations by Raymond Stock (CTRS), and The Corpus of Translation by Roger Allen (CTRA). A third corpus, the Collection of English Translated Mahfouz Novels (CETMN) (including 24 works), translated from Arabic to English by multiple translators was employed as a reference corpus. Register theory was suggested as a potential principle, unifying the differences that arise between translators. More specifically, the analysis reveals Raymond Stock's translations to be more formal than those of Roger Allen. It is suggested that the differences between the two translators corresponds to Biber and Gray's (2013) distinction between informational and imaginative written discourse. Possible explanations for the two translators' stylistic differences include Stock's translation and journalistic background and Allen's academic and literary one.


We describe the design of a small molecule that binds the structure of a r(CUG) repeat expansion [r(CUG)exp] and reverses molecular defects in two diseases mediated by the RNA - myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Thus, a single structure-specific ligand has potential therapeutic benefit for multiple diseases, in contrast to oligonucleotide-based modalities that are customized for each disease by nature of targeting the gene that harbors the repeat. Indeed, the small molecule binds the target with nanomolar affinity and >100-fold specificity vs. many other RNAs and DNA. Interestingly, the compound's downstream effects are different in the two diseases, owing to the location of the repeat expansion. In DM1, r(CUG)exp is harbored in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of and mRNA, and the compound has no effect on the RNA's abundance. In FECD, however, r(CUG)exp is located in an intron, and the small molecule, by binding the repeat expansion, facilitates excision of the intron, which is then degraded by the exosome complex exonuclease, hRRP6. Thus, structure-specific, RNA-targeting small molecules can act disease-specifically to affect biology, either by disabling its gain-of-function mechanism (DM1) or by stimulating quality control pathways to rid a disease-affected cell of a toxic RNA (FECD). Significance statement Many different diseases are caused by toxic structured RNAs. Herein, we designed a lead small molecule that binds a toxic structure and rescues disease biology. We show that a structure-specific small molecule can improve disease-associated defects in two diseases that share the common toxic RNA structure. In one disease, the toxic structure is harbored in an intron and causes its retention. The compound facilitates processing of a retained intron, enabling the disease-affected cell to remove the toxic RNA.


` This study looks at the Philippines and Korea from the standing point of comparative law to find out ways for actualization of constitutionalism...


Incomplete factorial designs are fractional or complete factorials with some cells missing. In clinical trials or laboratory experiments that use these designs, not all the main effects and interactions can be estimated. By inspecting the null space of the design matrix one may identify the sets of parameters that can be estimated. Some examples are presented.


Objective We observed BCL 2 expression in breast cancer cell line (MCF 7) and its correlation with apoptosis antagonism under immune attack by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Methods MCF 7 cell line was treated with BCL 2 oligonucleotide and Western blotting was used to detect BCL 2 expression. MCF 7 cells were then cocultured with TILs isolated from fresh tumor samples and their apoptosis was assessed by DNA fragmentation test. Results Western blotting revealed inhibited BCL 2 expression in MCF 7 cells treated with its oligonucleotide. Upon co culture with effector cells (TIL), DNA fragmentation of MCF 7 (target cells) treated with BCL 2 oligonucleotide was (9 8±1 3)% when E/T was 1, and elevated to (57 7±7 8)% when E/T was 8. In contrast, DNA fragmentation of untreated MCF 7 was (7 5±2 6)% when E/T was 1, and remained ( 8 1± 1 5)% when E/T was 8. Additionally, no significant difference was observed in terms of DNA fragmentation between oligonucleotide treated and non treated MCF 7 cells ( P 0 05) when E/T was 1, whereas DNA fragmentation in oligonucleotide treated cells was significantly higher as compared with non treated cells ( P 0 01) when E/T rose to 8. Conclusion Breast cancer cells expressing BCL 2 may protect them from antitumor immune attack in hosts. BCL 2 oligonucleotide could be used as an effective alternative in gene therapy of breast cancers.


During the mid-1970s, the federal Congress provided $30 million to the US Army Corps of Engineers to conduct a 5-yr research program to investigate the environmental impacts of dredged sediment disposal. As part of this program, the authors investigated the release of 30 contaminants from, and the oxygen demand of, a variety of US waterway sediments. A sediment oxygen demand test was developed by placing a few ml of sediment and aerated site water in a BOD bottle. Monitoring of the 0 2 concentrations during the one hour under completely mixed conditions was conducted. This test assessed the worst case oxygen demand by the suspension of dredged sediments in the water column. First-hour oxygen demands ranged from 42 to 930 g 0 2 m 3 wet sediment with typical values on the order of 500 g 0 2 m 3 . The plots of oxygen concentration versus time during the first hour could generally be divided into an initial, rapid consumption followed by a slower rate of consumption. The initial, first order rates ranged from 0.005 to 0.064 mg/l 0 2 /min. The ratio of initial rate to final rate typically ranged from 2 to 10. Field studies of the oxygen demand that occurred at open water dredged sediment disposal sites showed that there was no relationship between the oxygen demand of the sediment measured by the lab test and the oxygen depletion that occurred in the water column at the dredged sediment disposal site. This was due to the fact that unlike the test conditions, only a small part of the dumped sediment was mixed into the water column. The results of the field studies also showed that while open water dumping of dredged sediment would rarely cause water quality problems due to oxygen demand, the discharge of hydraulically dredged sediment by pipeline operations could be adverse to water quality-aquatic life-related beneficial uses of the water in the region of the disposal. The dredged sediment discharge from such operations forms a density current that moves along the bottom from the point of disposal. The results of this study also provide information that is pertinent to assessing the oxygen demand of river and bay sediments upon suspension in the watercolumn that occurs with increased velocities of the overlying waters. For some aquatic systems, this is a critical period of sediment-related DO depletion. In order to properly predict the oxygen demand associated with sediment scour, it will be necessary to develop a much better understanding of the scour of cohesive sediments.


The ideological and political education is a difficult and complex job.Present college students has weak psychological bearing capacity facing some external pressure.There are a lot of reasons for this phenomenon,such as homeeducation,social environment.For colleges and universities,the education and management should be combined with each other.A good educational environment and strict management system are indispensable for the healthy growth and establishing the correct values of college students.Therefore,to strengthen and improve ideological and political education of university students have a wide-ranging and far-reaching significance.


The characteristics of two series of polyurethane (PU) membranes with hydroxypropyl cellulose and butane diol were evaluated for sustained release of drug. The entrapping of the nystatin in a polymer matrix provides an approach to kill bacteria and to prevent infection. The polymers used for this study were synthesized from polycaprolactone diol (PCL) as polyol, 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) or methylene-bis(4-cyclohexylisocyanate) (known as H12MDI) as diisocyanate components and 1,4-butane diol (BD) or hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as chain extender. The polymernystatin membranes with BD or HPC were obtained by the phase inversion method. The membranes were characterized by ATR-FTIR, DSC, UV-VIS and contact angle measurements. The sustained release of nystatin depends mainly on the diisocyanate nature of polyurethanes and also on the introduction of hydroxypropyl cellulose in the polyurethane matrix. An in vitro technique to determine the release of nystatin in buffer phosphate (pH=7.4) was used. The possibility of application of these polyurethane-hydroxypropyl cellulose membranes with nystatin was shown by biological test.


Twelve months ago it was widely forecast that 1999 would be a year of recession or very slow growth. Of the leading UK forecasters, only HM Treasury and the National Institute consistently forecast growth of 1 per cent per annum or more. We made an important distinction from the situation in 1990 when the economy entered the last recession. Then the exchange rate was fixed by the ERM. The interest rate had to be set in or-


Objective To explore the expression of apoptotic related protein on peripheral blood Th cells in chronic hepatitis B and evaluate its clinical significance.Methods Peripheral blood monocytes were separated from 35 healthy persons and 35 patients with chronic hepatitis B and its apoptotic related proteins Fas,FasL and Bcl-2 were detected by FCM.Results The expression of Fas,FasL on Th in chronic hepatitis B patients is higher than that on healthy controls(P0.05),while the difference of Bcl-2 between patients and controls is no statistic significance(P0.05).Conclusion The high expression of apoptotic related protein Fas,FasL on Th in chronic hepatitis B patients enhances the apoptosis of Th cells,which leads to lower cell immunity function and negative progress of patients.


This chapter looks at the author's experience hiking in the Cumberland Forest, which stretches up from swamps and wetlands, along ridges of hemlocks and pines, into a series of canyons that contain frozen rivers and a couple of small, ice-locked lakes. For three nights, the author had heard the sounds of Vancouver Island northern pygmy-owls. It is not uncommon to hear barred owls or great horned owls in Cumberland Forest, but the unique call of a pygmy-owl is relatively rare, and they had been more active than usual. Northern pygmy-owls were once numerous on the island, but since the 1920s, their numbers have been declining fast due to logging, urban development, and other activities leading to habitat destruction and so the fragmentation of their population.


Abstract At the turn of the twentieth century, most of the world's pearls were extracted from rich oyster and coral reefs on the northern Indian Ocean rim. This paper returns to the sites of extraction, studying imperial maps made from 1889–1925 to delineate oyster reefs on the seafloor. Building from the submarine up, I draw on environmental, animal, and history of science studies to explore the work of mapping oceanic, animate space. Attending to the role of divers, whose labor was required to make the seafloor visible, and the lifecycles of oysters, which changed over time, I argue that the seafloor represents a kind of unruly terrain, out of both the reach and control of imperial authorities. The paper's final section meditates on reading humans as part of Indian Ocean landscapes and the possibilities this offers for further comparative, transnational work in a materialist vein.


: To assess the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to evaluate a systemic record of the relative antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Syzygium calophyllifolium Walp leaf. Total phenolic content was estimated by folin-ciocalteau method and flavonoids were determined by Aluminium chloride method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, ABTS , Super Oxide radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Antioxidant activity of methanolic + extract was compared with standard antioxidant ascorbic acid. The total phenol and flavonoid content of the methanol extract of S. calophyllifolium leaf were found to be 1.12g/100g and 1.42g/100g respectively. The result of antioxidant study of S.calophyllifolium methanolic extract exhibited a highest activity in DPPH (IC50-34.63), followed by Superoxide dismutase (IC50-33.64), ABTS (IC50-33.17) and least activity was seen in the Hydroxyl study. The result indicated that the methonolic leaf extract of S. calophyllifolium exhibited potent In vitro antioxidant activity.


ABSTRACT. The movements and orientation of adult Gerris remigis Say (Hemiptera; Gerridae) were examined in an artificial stream to determine the mechanisms by which these stream‐dwelling waterstriders compensate for and/or avoid downstream drift, and to compare the movement tendency of pre‐ and post‐diapause adults. G. remigis respond to current by turning to face directly into the current (rotational orientation), intermittently rowing against the current (translational orientation), and moving onto land to avoid the current. These rotational and translational responses enable G. remigis to maintain their positions in currents =S10 cm s‐1. However, avoidance increases with current speed, and few animals are found where currents exceed 10 cm s‐1. These observations correlate well with the observed distribution of adult G. remigis in a natural stream.


Public transport is generally considered to be an energy efficient way of moving people on trips to and from work when high level of ridership can be obtained and competition for road space is intense. However, when public transport shares road space with cars the frequent stopping to pick up or set down passengers imposes fuel penalties on the rest of the traffic. Because buses set down passengers at the kerb while tram stops are located in the middle of the road the two forms of public transport disturb the flow of cars in different ways. In this paper the fuel penalties which these two modes impose on the rest of the traffic are assessed and compared (a). The paper was presented as Paper 25 - Session 7 - Traffic Modelling (SAE 82155). (TRRL)


The Houston NFS student, faculty and staff will find practical information on nutrition and food sciences. Houston Academic Resource Center


In this chapter John Schellenberg defends the proposal that the intellectual activity associated with Alvin Plantinga's work on religion, a Reformed sort of Christian philosophy (RCP), isn't properly regarded as being philosophy at all—not even philosophy of religion. Instead, Schellenberg argues that it is theology. He begins by clarifying how RCP should be understood. Then he presents and defends a condition he calls the Communal Condition, which says that to be doing philosophy one must aim not just to solve certain fundamental problems, or contribute thereto, but to do so together with like-minded others in a shared enterprise leading to informed consensus. Finally, Schellenberg defends the view that, although it satisfies very well a condition sufficient for something to count as theology, RCP cannot satisfy the Communal Condition.


Simulative experiment was adopted to examine the function model of multiple reference points during risky investment task.Three reference points were established from the time dimension,the internal dimension and the external dimension.150 students from Zhejiang University participated in this experiment.Results indicate that:(1) The function model of multiple reference points is separated model in satisfaction assessment and in risky investment choice.(2) Actual performance has positive effect on individual satisfaction,while target performance and competitor's performance display negative effect on satisfaction.In addition,these three reference points exhibit positive effect on risky investment.


Bssembly of a functional imnmnoglobulin fig) is an importot~t aspect of B-cell differentiation. In general, pre-B cells first produce an lg heavy chain (IgH) molecule; cell surface expression of this protein signals production of light chains (lgL). which associate with the lgHchain to produce an Ig molecule in immature B cells. Membrane expression of Ig molecule~ renders the lg repertoire subject to both cellular and antigenic selection at all subsequent stages c.: B-cell differentiation, IgH- and lgL-chains are generated from variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (.}) elements through V(D)] rearrangement (Box The :.ey eh'ments of a,ztigen-binding immzmogh~bulin (lg) variable reghms are primarih/ ena~dcd by diversity (D n) genes. Altlumgh Dri genes can t~e used ill all three reading fi'ames, the majority of peripheral lg molecule~ carry a Dlu element ill a sin,~h, reading frame. Here, Fra~k Raaphorst, C. Ramau, Barry Nail anJ Judy "/~,ale Jisc.ss tile ~articular d_'mands impased by tile structure ~f tile antigen-binding site, whid~ determine tile choice of reading frame.


Boston University, USA asks to submit Scholarly Writing sample for admission in MA (English) and Creative Writing sample for admission in MA (Creative Writing). Now the question arises what is the difference between these two types of writings. How one can judge a writing is either the brain child of a scholar or a creator.Thus,in this article, basic differences between scholar and creator have been discussed. A scholar is honored everywhere but a creator gets hatred instead and thereby dies unfed, unwept, unsung and unknown as well. The paradox is that a Shakespearean scholar, doing research on the immortal creations of Shakespeare, is awarded Doctoral Degree, but Shakespeare, the creator himself had no so-called formal education.


Background Ingrown toenail is a frequent health problem that is commonly seen in adults and young individuals and subsequently results in significant socioeconomic outcomes. The inflammation of toenail tissue is the most prevalent manifestation. Despite the existence of different therapeutic modalities, there is no consensus on the optimal management yet. Objective The aim was to assess the effectiveness of electrocautery after partial matrixectomy with partial matrixectomy alone in the management of ingrown toenails. Patients and methods The population of ingrown toenail cases was divided into two categories, with 100 patients in each one, who had partial matrixectomy at outpatient clinic of general surgery at Mansoura University Hospitals from October 2015 to October 2018. The recruited patients of the study had follow-up observation for 180 days at an outpatient department. Results All eligible patients were operated and got high rate of surgical success; however, 13 cases of recurrence were noticed within the follow-up observation, including eight cases in the group of partial matrixectomy alone and five ones in the other group. Conclusion A great difference in the surgical outcome was noticed between these two groups, indicating that matrix electrocautery is connected with less recurrence rate vs the partial matrixectomy alone, with shortened healing time for both.


This paper analyzes the scientific and sustainable components of the price of mineral energy resources,which are resource costs,production costs and external costs.We also discuss the characteristics of the current mineral energy resources pricing mechanism in China and the pricing experience in developed countries.At last,we give some suggestions on reformation of mineral energy resources pricing mechanism,considering market supply demand relations,the degree of resource scarcity,and international advanced experience on mineral energy resources pricing.


A solution for DC boost converter applied to subway or train is proposed.Using of the power correction circuit based on the high power factor PWM control chip L4981A,the function of DC converter to boost up high DC output is realized steadily and flexibly.The circuit principle is analyzed firstly,and then how to select the parameters about design is introduced.Finally,the analysis of experimental results of the circuit is given.The approach of design has many advantages,including simplified control,fewer semiconductor components,and low-price.It is especially suitable to low cost and high power applications.


Phospholipids is a natural biological surfactants which is distributed in plants and animals widely,and it's mainly used in food and pharmaceutical fields.Phospholipids is rich in soybean,so soybean became one of the main source.In order to promote the application of phospholipids in various fields,some physicochemical properties and important physiological functions were introduced,two commonly used methods for isolating soybean lecithin were analyzed and compared briefly,an overview of the application of soybean lecithin were provided the basic data for further study.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical performance of an innovative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) technique in characterization of focal liver lesions (FLL).

METHODS
CEUS was performed in 505 patients with FLLs. A sulfur hexafluoride-filled microbubble ultrasound contrast agent and a continuous real-time imaging technique of contrast pulse sequencing were used. The observation items included initial nodule enhancement time, enhancement level and pattern, and dynamic evolution of enhancement along with the CEUS phases.

RESULTS
There were similar findings for both malignant and benign FLLs in initial enhancement time and enhancement level on CEUS. The dynamic evolution of enhancement along with enhancement phase was the most significant parameter for characterization of FLLs. Most malignant lesions showed enhancement at arterial phase and hypo-enhancing at late phase, whereas the benign lesions presented enhancement at arterial phase and persistent hyper- or iso-enhancing until late phase. Using these characteristics as a diagnostic criteria, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predicative value, negative predicative value and accuracy of CEUS in identifying malignant FLLs were 95.7% (313/327), 86.0% (153/178), 92.6% (313/338), 91.6% (153/167) and 92.3% (466/505), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Characterization of FLLs by using the innovative CEUS technique is recommendable due to its safety, facility and high accuracy.


In this paper I review current debates about the nature of scholarship in higher education (following Boyer 1990) and the impact of digital communication practices on its role in research and teaching (e.g. Borgman 2007, Pearce et al 2010), and discuss a methodological framework for researching these issues, drawing on work in Literacies for Learning (Ivani? et al 2007) and Socio-technical Interaction (Kling et al 2003).


Background: Maintaining a normal vitamin D status is important for both skeletal and extra-skeletal health. Recent data show that vitamin D deficiency is endemic in women residing in the Arabian Gulf and is common in pregnant women and their newborns. The purpose of this study was to establish the vitamin D and calcium status of children in an urban ambulatory pediatric clinic in Abu Dhabi to determine for the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this cohort. Methods: Patients were recruited prospectively from the pediatric outpatient clinic visits, if they were having blood taken for laboratory investigations other than those related to vitamin D and calcium status. The vitamin D status was compared between 4 age groups (0–0.9 y, 1–1.9 y, 2–7.9 y and 8 -14 y) using the following definitions: deficiency < 25 nmol/l, insufficiency 25–50 nmol/l and sufficiency > 50 nmol/l. Results: A total of 183 children were included in the study. The percentage of females and males in the deficient range was 21% and 16% respectively, while 32% and 46% of females and males respectively were vitamin D sufficient. The highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency occurred in the 8–14 y old age group with 31.2% being deficient. Conclusions: The study highlights that in an ambulatory pediatric clinic population, peri-pubescent children are most at risk of vitamin D deficiency. This age group is often not considered in the discussion for the need for vitamin D supplementation. Serious consideration should be given to including vitamin D supplementation in a school public health program in the UAE.


A conformal antenna is defined as an antenna that conforms to a surface whose shape is mainly determined by considerations other than electromagnetic, e.g. aerodynamic or hydrodynamic considerations. This definition should be extended to antennas whose shape is not planar and whose shape is determined with specific electromagnetic reasons like coverage requirements. For example, arrays on cylindrical structures offer a possibility either to create directed beams in arbitrary direction in horizontal plane, or to create an omnidirectional pattern. Spherical arrays have the capability of directing single or multiple beams through a complete hemisphere. Such properties make conformal antennas attractive candidates for future antenna systems where a variety of beam-forming and beam-steering capabilities will be needed, and where the antennas will be integrated in the surfaces of different vehicles or platforms. For example, a modern aircraft has many antennas protruding from the structure, for navigation, various communication systems, instrument landing systems, radar altimeter etc. There can be as many as 40 different antennas (or even more), and integrating these antennas into the aircraft skin is highly desirable.

The topic of this paper is the work carried out in Work Package 2.4-3 of the EU network Antenna Centre of Excellence (ACE). From the beginning of the ACE network, the basic objective is to structure better the ongoing research on conformal antennas, dispersed in several European universities or industrial Research centres. In more details, the objectives in this workpackage are:
- sum up advantages and critical items for various conformal antennas;
- structure continued research in direction of the most useful antenna architectures and geometries;
- select benchmarking structures, which should apply to conformal antennas, and test the accuracy of software developed for designing conformal antennas;
- help students/PhDs exchange between various European academies and companies.

The work is split into 3 topics:

1. Full benchmarking of conformal antennas.

2. Development of "new" hybrid programs. The hybrid SD -UTD program is now able to analyse two classes of conformal arrays: waveguide elements embedded in symmetric multilayer structure (circular-cylindrical or spherical) and embedded in multilayer cylindrical structure with general cross-section (till now the program is tested with cylinders that have elliptical cross-section). The development of the hybrid method for analyzing curved frequency selective has started at the end of 2006. In the proposed new method, the FSS (i.e. the large finite array) is divided into N subarrays, and each subarray is separately analyzed with a rigorous full-wave method. The subarrays have to overlap because the same element in a subarray will have different induced physical or equivalent currents depending on whether it is simulated as an inner element or an edge element, since the edge elements "do not see" the rest of the array environment. The scattered field is calculated as a superposition of the EM field radiated by the inner parts of N subarrays.

3. Development of algorithms for optimizing beam synthesis and beam-steering. In particular, the algorithm properties, when they are applied to conformal arrays, are investigated and compared to planar equivalent cases.


The block-matching 3-D (BM3D) algorithm, based on the nonlocal approach, is one of the most effective methods to date for additive white Gaussian noise image denoising. Likewise, its extension to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) amplitude images, SAR-BM3D, is a state-of-the-art SAR despeckling algorithm. In this paper, we further extend BM3D to address the restoration of SAR interferometric phase images. While keeping the general structure of BM3D, its processing steps are modified to take into account the peculiarities of the SAR interferometry signal. Experiments on simulated and real-world Tandem-X SAR interferometric pairs prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.


One's first, and in many ways abiding, impression is how refreshingly different the LIS is from much of conventional analysis and prescription. A substantial introduction sets out the context of economic policy for London in a committed and contemporarily relevant way, by reference to economic theory and policy at national level. Monetarism and traditional Keynesianism are criticised, and in their place a strategy of 'reclaiming production' is outlined. By this is meant a local state role which intervenes not just in the market, but in the processes of production themselves, with the objective of "the provision of work for all who wish it in jobs that are geared to meeting social need" (pi8). This broad approach is then applied not just to the private sector as is so often the case, but to all three main spheres of the London economy the household, the public sector, and the private market sector. The main bulk of the LIS's 600-plus pages is taken up by the translation of this 'reclaiming production' strategy to the level of individual industrial sectors within these three broad spheres.


Abstract Background Telehealth-based antimicrobial stewardship programs (TeleASPs) have led to reduced broad-spectrum antimicrobial utilization. Data on factors associated with acceptance of stewardship recommendations are limited. Methods A TeleASP, facilitated by remote infectious disease physicians and local pharmacists, was implemented in 2 community hospitals from February 2018 through July 2020. Variables potentially affecting acceptance of TeleASP recommendations were tracked. Odds ratios of acceptance were determined utilizing multiple logistic regression. Results During the 30 month period, 4863 (91.2%) of the total 5333 recommendations were accepted. Hospitalist and Critical Care Medicine services had significantly higher odds of acceptance in univariable analysis, while General Surgery, Private Practice Primary Care Physician, Pulmonology, and Urology had lower odds of acceptance. Only Critical Care Medicine remained significant on multivariable analysis (OR 3.23, 95%CI 1.4–7.5). Other factors associated with a higher odds of acceptance in multivariable analysis were recommendations for antimicrobial dose/frequency adjustment (OR 2.63, 95%CI 1.6–4.3) and order for labs/tests (OR 3.30, 95%CI 2.1–5.2), while recommendations for antimicrobial de-escalation (OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.60–0.95) and antimicrobial discontinuation (OR 0.57, 95%CI 0.42–0.76) were associated with lower odds of acceptance. Female physicians were more likely to accept recommendations compared to males (93.1% vs 90.3% acceptance, OR 1.65; 95%CI 1.3–2.2). Compared to physicians with less than 3 years of experience, who had the highest acceptance rate (96.3%), physicians with 21 or more years of experience had the lowest (87.1%, OR 0.26; 95%CI 0.15–0.45). Conclusion TeleASP recommendations were accepted at a high rate. Acceptance rates were higher among female physicians, and recommendations to stop or de-escalate antimicrobials led to lower acceptance. Recommendations made to the most experienced physicians were the least accepted, which may be an important factor for stewardship programs to consider in education and intervention efforts. Disclosures Thomas L. Walsh, MD, Accelerate Diagnostics: Honoraria.


Can the ultimate girl be the ultimate warrior? If warrior identity is simultaneously a quintessentially masculine identiŽ er, and one of the core expressions of 'innate' masculinity, then the biggest transgression of warrior iconography posed by Buffy the Vampire Slayer is Buffy's gender. Buffy is both like and not like 'other girls'. The social conventions of mainstream femininity, which have so often been used to argue that women cannot be warriors, are often precisely what make Buffy such an effective soldier in her speculative world. The blurred boundaries that are possible in speculative texts open up space necessary to examine the arguments and gendered ideologies which govern what is, and what is not, possible in the 'real' world. Such texts can often make explicit what is implied in more 'realistic' representations, and can either destabilize or reinforce gendered cultural conventions. Established as the 'chosen one' in the 1992 Ž lm, and then in the television series which debuted mid-season in 1997, Buffy has slashed her way not only through the Ž ctional constraints placed upon her predecessors in vampire carnage, but through the conventions governing gendered constructions of the warrior. Warrior tradition constructs a coherent masculinity, including impenetrable male bodies, as the key to warrior identity, and renders 'slay-gal' not only paradoxical but, arguably, impossible. It is this (im)possibility, and the ways in which Buffy the Vampire Slayer fractures and reinvents the gendered identity of the warrior-hero, which are explored in this article. Although the 1992 Ž lm is an important starting point for this analysis, most of my references are taken from the television series. The character of Buffy herself underwent major revision between the two texts. Joss Whedon's original concept of the beautiful blonde who is able to walk into an alley and not only come out alive but pulverize the monsters pursuing her is still very much a part of the television series, as he has stated in a number of on-line interviews:


The paper reviewed research achievements at home and abroad,including occurring rules,predatory abilities of western flower trips,artificial breeding,products qualities,field release and management techniques,and diapause of phytoseiid.


The initial version of Water Light/Water Needle was conceived for a gallery or storefront window; the scale of rigging ropes was easily accomplished on a little cardboard mockup; cut up cardboard figures were stained with color. I sewed little thread loops around their hands so that they could be moved manually up and down the string ropes. This very simple iteration was never formally presented.


Acute myeloid leukemia with maturation (AML-M2) is associated with the 8;21 translocation. For the first time in an adult patient with AML-M2, a novel unbalanced translocation involving the short arm of chromosome 11 and long arm of chromosome18 with new breakpoints is presented. CD82 on band 11p11.2 and GATA 6 on 18q11.2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of de novo AML M2. The report with translocation (11;18)(p11.2;q11.2), as the sole cytogenetic abnormality provides more data on the leukemogenesis of de novo AML M2.


To utilise the DC Power into AC appliances, the device "Inverter" is used for this conversion that converts DC input power into AC output power. In Medium and high power applications by the consideration the advantages of the multilevel Inverter over the conventional inverter, it is the most preferable inverter which is used in power systems. This paper deals with the comparisons between the conventional inverter and multilevel inverter and also describes the best topology of the inverter with the suitable reasons and benefits.Basically the Conventional inverters are used only for the low power appliences and have the high total harmonic distortion, electrostatic interference, switching & conducting losses and requires more numbers of power switches. In multilevel inverter, less power switches are used and have less Total Harmonic Distortion, less electrostatic interference and low power losses.


This research aims to develop the student 's ability to build a representation of the basic concepts of
mechanics . this using a mixed method design to combine the qualitative and quantitative research
procedures in a study to solve a problem . Qualitative data were collected through questionnaires,
interviews and document analysis, while quantitative data using the test. Characteristics of PPMB-MR
is consists of seven phases of learning characterized by phases of learning that provide space on a
student to take a greater role in the learning process . Increased student mastery of the concepts of
mechanics a shift from mere rote (narrow -level ) to a level of mastery of the deep ( deep level ) .
Students can use the representation to argue scientifically . The response of the students and lecturer
are very positive program. Their sincerity, motivation, awareness and confidence to attend lectures
more better.
Key words: multiple representation, mechanics, mastery concept


By transesterifying rapeseed oil with tr iethanolamine or glycerol, polyols with a hydroxyl number of 290-310 mg KOH/g were synthesized. Water-blown rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs) with an isocyanate index of 150-250 were obtained from rapeseed oil polyols. Studies on the effect of the concentration of potassium oleate, the cyclotrimerization catalyst of isocyanate groups, on the conversion degree of isocyanate groups were carried out using FTIR spectroscopy. The optimal physical and mechanical properties of the obtained PUFs were achieved at an isocyanate index of 150-200. Water-blown PUFs from rapeseed polyols, in contrast to water-blown PUFs from petrochemical polyols, are characterized by quite high hydrophobicity.


This paper is the story of a critical archival pedagogy that emerged through the undergraduate course Radical Lesbian Thought. As teachers and students, we dialogically co-constructed the praxis and content of the course throughout the semester. We employed archives throughout the course as theory, site, and pedagogy. In this paper we identify three archival frameworks: dialogue and difference, collaborative knowledge production, and archival methodology; and detail how they informed three course activities: reading and writing archival letters, visiting the Lesbian Herstory Archives, and completing final archival projects. We argue that archives provide theoretical and practical opportunities, in the tradition of critical pedagogy, to challenge and rearrange powered classroom structures and practices of thought.


A month ago, Ms. Kolata savagely attacked the new book, OUR STOLEN FUTURE,[2] claiming that "careful studies" (none of which she cited) had "refuted" the premise of the book. (See REHW #486.) OUR STOLEN FUTURE reviewed hundreds of studies published in peer-reviewed journals. The book offers substantial evidence that industrial pollutants may be interfering with the hormones that regulate growth, health and behavior in wildlife and humans, thus contributing to birth defects, problems of sexual development, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and even mental problems like attention deficit disorder, diminished IQ, and violent behavior.


ichthyosiform erythroderma, deafness and keratitis. BrJ Dermatol 1976; 94: 211—217. 17 Madariaga J, Fromowitz F, Phillips M, et al. Squamous cell carcinoma in congenital ichthyosis with deafness and keratitis: a case report and review of the literature. Cancer 1986; 57: Z0Z6-2029. 18 Hazen PG, Garney P, Lynch WS. Keratitis, ichthyosis, and deafness syndrome with development of multiple cutaneous neoplasms. IntJ Dermatol 1989; 28: 190-191. 19 Baden HP, Alper JG. Ichthyosiform dermatosis, keratitis, and deafness. Arch Dermatol 1977; 113: 1701-1704. 20 Tuppurainen K, Fraki J, Karjalainen S, et al. The KIDsyndrome in Finland: a report of four cases. Acta Ophthalmol 1988; 66: 69Z-698.


The carbon nanotubes (CNT) were able to show electrophoretic movement when exposed to DC field, in polymer gel matrix. The objective of this study is to investigate the electrophoretic alignment of the Multi-Walled Carbon nanotubes through the Poly Vinyl Alcohol slime, when exposed to DC field, using the Gel Electrophoresis technique. We report that, the Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) gel, which is formed by the cross linking of sodium tetra borate decahydrate with PVA chains, supports the electrophoretic movement of the CNTs under the electric field. The mobility of the carbon nanotubes varies with change in the concentration of the gel and also the amount of voltage supplied to the entire system of Electrophoresis. Carbon nanotubes have been migrated to the anode end when the voltage is gradually increased. When the concentration of the gel was increased, the mobility of the carbon nanotubes was slightly decreased. To evaluate the alignment, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) study was performed on the neat PVA gel and CNT aligned PVA gel. The electrophoretic alignment of the CNTs in the polymer gel provides information about mobility of the nanotubes. The electrophoretic behavior of CNTS is helpful in using the CNTs in MEMS channels. Keywords: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Poly vinyl alcohol slime, Gel Electrophoresis, Cyclic Voltammetry.


Kidney stone is a disease which stone that located in urinary tract. Nampu (Homalomena occulta) is one of the plants which believed by most people in Madiun to treat the kidney stone by boiling the nampu rhizome with water. This empirical experience should be proven by conducting the activity test of ethanol extract from nampu rhizome against the solubility of calcium oxalate by using titrimetric method. In this study, the extraction was conducted by maceration method. Phytochemical screening was carried out. Semi-permeable membrane was prepared from eggs. Calcium oxalate was synthesized from disodium oxalate and calcium chloride dihydrate. The KMnO4 solution was standardized with the primary standard disodium oxalate. The calcium oxalate solubility activity test used the permanganometric titration method.
The test results for solubility of calcium oxalate shown that the higher the concentration used, the higher the solubility of calcium oxalate. The calcium oxalate solubility in ethanol extract of rhizome at concentration of 10.00mg; 20.00mg; 30.00mg; 40.00mg; 50.00 mg were 91.41%; 93.07%; 91.98%; 92.92%; 92.65%, respectively. Ethanol extract of nampu rhizome, potentially, was able to dissolve calcium oxalate in kidney stones.


Covid-19 has an impact on the profitability of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Islamic banks' profitability in Indonesia tends to decline during a covid-19 outbreak. Although declining, the profitability indicators measured by Return on Asset and Net Operating Margin are more stable than Return on Equity. The average Return on Equity declined sharply in the fourth quarter of 2021. This study aims to analyze the determinants of the profitability of Islamic banks, including internal bank factors and macroeconomic indicators during the covid-19 outbreak. This study uses a quantitative approach with the fixed effect method. This study employs panel data from 8 Islamic commercial banks from 2020q1 to 2021q4. The results show that capital adequacy, disbursed financing, and operational efficiency has a negative and significant effect on the profitability of Islamic banks. Financing risk and bank size have no significant effect on the profitability of Islamic banks. Macroeconomic indicators such as economic growth, inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates have no significant effect on the profitability of Islamic banks. During the covid-19 pandemic, to increase profitability, banks need to reduce the capital and financing provided to customers. On the other hand, to increase profitability, Islamic banks need to reduce unnecessary costs so that income is not eroded. Macroeconomic indicators do not influence the performance of Islamic banks. This shows that Islamic commercial banks are more resistant to economic turbulence.


Submitted for the MAR11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Micelle Formation of Diblock Copolymer in a Thin Film Homopolymer: a Comparison with Polymer Brush-Coated Nanoparticles HENGXI YANG, CHELSEA CHEN, PETER GREEN, University of Michigan — We investigated micelle formation of a diblock copolymer polystyrene-b-poly(2vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) of degree of polymerization N , in thin films of homopolymer polystyrenes (PS) of different degrees of polymerization P , supported on substrates, and compared the results with the phase behavior of PS brush-coated Au nanoparticles in homopolymer PS matrix. PS-b-P2VP copolymer chains aggregated to form micelles, composed of an inner P2VP core and an outer PS corona. The size of the micelle cores, Dcore, increased with increasing P , and reached a plateau at very large P . The transition occurred at a larger P/N than expected from brushmelt interaction theories. The organization of micelles at large P regimes suggested attractions between micelles. P2VP block also adsorbed onto the substrate to form a brush layer and the surface adsorption process was affected by micellization of copolymers. We compared the micelle formation of PS-b-P2VP in PS with the phase behavior of PS coated Au nanoparticle/PS mixtures: the host chains penetrate into the corona of the micelles more easily than into the PS brush grafted on the particle due to low "grafting density;" what's more, micelles can self-adjust their aggregation number as the interaction between host chains and the corona changes. Hengxi Yang University of Michigan Date submitted: 19 Nov 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


In order to examine the existence of the metal-insulator transition, structural transition and magnetostriction effect, ultrasonic velocities and attenuation measurements have been made on La 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 perovskite manganite material over a wide range of temperatures from room temperature (298 K) to 460 K. The variations with temperature of the longitudinal modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus and Young's modulus have also been determined. A dramatic softening in sound velocities and elastic moduli near paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition has been noticed, which is accompanied by a peak in attenuation. The present studies have been used to explain the existence of a strong electron-phonon interaction, which arises due to the Jahn-Teller effect, and also the evidence for the spin-phonon interaction due to the linear magnetostriction effect.


Three people about to begin the journey up the Ben Lomond in Scotland. Two people are on foot and one person is on horseback. Mountains are in the background. Original resource is a black and white photograph.


The first report on action potentials recorded with intracellular electrodes from motoneurons (Brock, Coombs, and Eccles, 1951) described orthodromic and antidromic spikes as identical except for presence of a synaptic potential at the foot of the spike evoked by orthodromic stimulation. I t was later recognized (Brock et al., 1952 a and b) that a difference exists in the rising phase of spikes evoked by orthodromic or antidromic stimulation, and it was stated that antidromic spikes show an initial fast rise of about 35 mv., an inflection, and a further fast rise to peak, while the orthodromic spikes present an initial slow rise of about 10 mv. (the synaptic potential) an inflection there, and a further fast and smooth rise to peak. I t was then suggested that " . . . the spike response of the neurone began at the inflection on the rising phase . . . . In the former [antidromic] the inflection indicates origin of the neuronal spike from the spike of the non-medullated axon, in the latter [orthodromic] its origin from the synaptic potential" (Brock el al., 1952 a, p. 440). This view was further developed in a later article (Brock et al., 1953) in which an at tempt was also made to justify the difference of depolarization level required for initiation of soma firing following orthodromic or antidromic stimulation. Araki, Otani, and Furukawa (1953) working with toads noted that an inflection is often present also in the rising phase of orthodromically evoked spikes, and Araki and Otani (1955) recorded a similar inflection also in spikes evoked by direct stimulation of toad's motoneurons. They interpreted these findings by assuming that " . . . the non-myelinated segment is more excitable than the soma, so that the local current due to synaptic potential may excite it primarily, as suggested by Gesell" (Araki and Otani, 1955, p. 475). Frank and Fuortes (1955 b) confirmed the presence of an inflection in the rising phase of orthodromic spikes and showed in addition that orthodromically evoked spikes may be made to fall from the point of inflection just as occurs for antidromic


This series contains research reports, written by or in cooperation with staff members of the Statistical Research Division, whose content may be ofinterestto the general statistical research corn munity. The views reflected in these reports are not necessarily those of the Census Bureau nor do they necessarily represent Census Bureau statistical policy or practice. Inquiries may be addressed to the author(s) or the This pzper reports the general results of research undertaken by Census Bureau staff. The views expressed are attributable to the authors and do not necessarily reflectthose ofthe Census Bureau.


There is deviation between perceived depth and theoretical depth of virtual object in stereoscopic virtual environment. This paper analyzes its possible causes with optical geometry. In addition, a correcting method performed by setting synthetic viewpoint dynamically is proposed. Experimental results show that this method can reduce the depth deviation to less than 10 millimeter, meeting the requirements for locating and direct manipulation in virtual environment.


This paper discusses thermal equilibrium states of single-species plasmas, such as pure electron plasmas and pure positron plasmas, that are confined in a dipole trap. Thermal equilibrium states for such plasmas are routinely realized in the homogeneous magnetic field of Penning–Malmberg traps. We generalize the theory of these states to include inhomogeneous magnetic dipole fields. The approach to thermal equilibrium takes place in two stages with well separated time scales. On the collision time scale, thermal equilibrium is established along each magnetic field line. On the much longer transport time scale, heat conduction and viscosity bring the plasmas on different flux contours into thermal equilibrium, we call this a state of global thermal equilibrium. We present numerical results for local and global thermal equilibria. These results agree with the analytic predictions for charge collections that are large compared with the Debye length. There is, in principle, no limit to the confinement time of a single-species plasma in a global thermal equilibrium state. Experiments with hot electron–ion plasmas performed in the LDX and RT1 devices give us confidence that, in contrast to a Penning–Malmberg trap, a magnetic dipole field can also confine cold quasi-neutral electron–positron pair plasmas on the time scale of the phenomena of interest. Such pair plasmas are assumed to form in the magnetosphere of neutron stars but have so far not been realized in a laboratory. The creation of an electron–positron pair plasma is the main goal of the APEX collaboration.


The experiment was conducted to study the effects of betaine on endocrinology of laying hen.512 ROM hens were divided into 2 groups,both included four replicates of 64 hens each,The control group received the same basal diet supplemented with 0 and 800 mg/kg betaine respectively.After 30 d and 80 d 16 hens of each treatment were picked out to be taken blood and then slaughtered,Samples of blood,hypothalamus and pituitary were collected for hormones analysis.Addition of betaine to diet significantly increased the concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) and luternizing hormone(LH) in anterior pituitary and serum.The level of triiodothyronine(T 3) in serum were significantly improved in betaine treatments in 30 d and 80 d.No significant difference was observed in thyroxine of serum in each treatments.The concentrations of parathyroid hormone in serum was significantly increased in betaine treatments in 80 d.Adding betaine to diet improved the level of estradiol(E 2) in serum,and it was significantly increased than control in 80 d.Adding with 800 mg/kg betaine significantly increased serum progesterone(P 4) concentrations.Adding betaine to diet significantly increased concentrations of cAMP in hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.


We represent the ensemble of extremal copositive matrices A ∈ COP^n of the copositive cone as a disjoint union of a finite number of algebraic manifolds. These manifolds are strata of algebraic sets, each of which is characterized by a finite collection E of pairs of index sets. We give necessary conditions on E to correspond to an algebraic set containing exceptional extremal matrices of COP^n. A manifold of extremal matrices is essential if it is not contained in the closure of another such manifold. We compute the essential manifolds of extremal matrices of the cone COP^6.


Numerous researches have shown that a characteristic of solid-state gas sensors is the reversible interaction of the gas with the surface of Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) materials. In addition to the conductivity change of gas-sensing material, the detection of this reaction can be performed by measuring the change of capacitance, work function, mass, optical characteristics or reaction energy released by the gas/solid interaction. Various materials, synthesized in the form of porous ceramics, and deposited in the form of thick or thin films, are used as active layers in such gas-sensing devices. However, in spite of so big variety of approaches to MOS gas sensor design the basic operation principles of all gas sensors above mentioned are similar for all the devices. As a rule, chemical processes, which detect the gas by means of selective chemical reaction with a reagent, mainly utilize MOS chemical detection principles. The analysis of various parameters of metal oxides and the search of criteria, which could be used during material selection for MOS gas sensor applications, were the main objectives of this review. For these purposes the correlation between electro-physical (band gap, electroconductivity, type of conductivity, oxygen diffusion), thermodynamic, surface, electronic, structural properties, catalytic activity and gas-sensing characteristics of metal oxides designed for solid-state sensors was established. It has been discussed the role of metal oxide manufacturability, chemical activity, and parameter's stability in sensing material choice as well.


Several Japanese and European families have been reported with adult‐onset tremulous finger movements, myoclonus and infrequent generalized seizures, with a nonprogressive course. More recently, partial seizures and mental retardation were also observed in the pedigree of such families. The electroencephalogram studies showed bilateral posterior or diffuse spike‐and‐waves complexes and sometimes a photoparoxysmal response ; the cortical reflex myoclonus was defined according to giant somatosensory evoked potential, enhancement of C‐reflex and jerk‐locked premyoclonus spikes. Based on evidence of autosomal dominant inheritance, genetic analysis showed linkage to chromosome 8q23.3‐24.1 or 2p11.1‐q12.2 in some families. In this article, we reviewed the main clinical, neurophysiological and genetic data related to so‐called Familial Adult Myoclonic Epileptic syndromes.


Reviewer: Global context. The results of this paper stand in contrast to studies in other parts of the world that have shown an increase in rainfall intensities in the past few decades. There should be some discussion of this paper and its reported results relative to a broader geographical context. For example see Groisman et al's 2005 manuscript "Trends in Intense Precipitation in the Climate Record".


When supply lead times are uncertain, the simultaneous procurement from two sources offers savings in inventory holding and shortage costs. Economies are achieved if these savings outweigh the increase in ordering costs. In this paper we analyze dual sourcing in the context of the "reorder point, order quantity" inventory model with constant demand and stochastic lead times and compare it with single sourcing. Two cases are studied, using the uniform and the exponential distributions, which may be thought of as two extreme ways of representing stochastic lead times. In our two-vendor model, the order quantity is split equally between the two vendors and the split orders are placed simultaneously when the inventory position reaches the reorder level. A comparison of the total expected costs suggests that when the uncertainty in the lead times is high and the ordering costs are low, dual sourcing could be cost effective.


Objective To investigate the expressions of Smac/Diablo and caspase-9 and their corelations in the cytoplasm of cerebral cortex of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), and the possible interference effects of Shenfu injection on them. Methods Postnatal 7-d SD rats were randomly divided into Shenfu treatment group (group SF), normal saline group (group C) and sham-operated group (group S). Rat models of HIBD were established according to Rice's method.Based on the observing times after the success of model making, each group (n=48) was equally divided into 6 subgroups (3, 6, 12 and 24 h, and 3 and 7 d observing groups). Rats in the group S were not performed ligation of the right common carotid artery and not underwent hypoxia but only performed the separation of right common carotid artery. Shenfu injection was administered by intraperitioneal injection right after H/I insult and then once daily at a dosage of 10 mL/kg for 3 d into the rats of group SF. Saline was also administered into the rats of group C by the same methods and at the same dosage. Cytoplasm proteins were extracted from the cerebral cortex tissue, and then, Western blotting was employed to detect the protein levels of Smac/Diablo and activated caspase-9 in cytoplasm. Results Western blotting showed that the expression levels of Smac/Diablo and activated caspase-9 in cytoplasm of group S were very low; the expression levels of Smac/Diablo and activated caspase-9 in cytoplasm of group SF and group C were increased markedly since the 3rd h of the success of model making as compared with those in group S (P<0.05): these in the 2 groups reached their peak levels 24 h after H/I insult, gradually decreased 3 d after H/I insult, and almost returned to the original levels 7 d after H/I insult. The expressions of Smac/Diablo in cytoplasm of group SF 12, 24 h and 3 d after H/I insult was significantly lower than that of group C (P<0.05); the expression of activated caspase-9 in cytoplasm of group SF 12,24 h and 3 d after H/I insult was significantly decreased as compared with that of group C (P<0.05).Conclusion Smac/Diablo cytoplasm translocation and increased expression level of caspase-9 appear in the cytoplasm of cerebral cortex cells after H/I injury; Shenfu injection can inhibit the expressions of Smac/Diablo and caspase-9; Smac/Diablo and caspase-9 involve in the pathophysiological mechanisms of neuronal damage after H/I.

Key words:
Apoptosis;  Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage;  Smac/Diablo;  Caspase-9; Shenfu injection


The aim of this paper is to provide an empirical exploratory analysis of the research networks linking scientists engaged in the world of open science and researchers involved in the domain of private technology. To this purpose, the study combines in an original way data on scientific co-authorship and data on patent co-invention at the level of individual researchers for three science intensive technology fields, i.e. lasers, semiconductors and biotechnology, in order to assess the extent of overlap between the two communities and to identify the role of key individuals in the process of knowledge transfer. Our findings reveal that the extent of connectedness among scientists and inventors is rather large. The resulting network exhibits the topological properties of a small-world graph, which are thought to be associated to a rapid transmission and diffusion of knowledge. A key role in ensuring this connectivity is played by specific individuals, i.e. authors-inventors, that act as gatekeepers bridging the boundaries across the two domains. Moreover, such individuals tend to occupy a prominent position in both the scientific and the technological network. In this respect, our analysis also show that, although in general authors-inventors are more prominent and central actors in both networks, a potential trade-off may nonetheless exists for specific individuals. Nurturing a highly central position in the scientific network comes in fact at the expense of being able to locate in a similarly central position in the technological network (and viceversa).


Credibility is the basis of market economy. With the development of the social market economy, we have gained some achievements in social credit construction. However, there are also some serious problems preventing the development of market economy. This paper tries to analyze the problems in the constructions of social credit from the point of law system, medium organization, education and research, etc.