We have measured the optical absorption of a ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.47}$${\mathrm{In}}_{0.53}$As/${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.48}$${\mathrm{In}}_{0.52}$As multiple quantum well at 10 K for pressures up to 7 GPa. The energies of optical transitions between heavy- and light-hole subbands and electron levels of the wells show a blueshift with pressure similar to the bulk lowest direct band gap. We observe a decrease with pressure of the energy splitting between heavy- and light-hole subbands with the same quantum number n. From the analysis of the absorption line shape, we have obtained the pressure dependences of exciton binding energies, oscillator strengths, and linewidths. These results are interpreted in terms of subband-structure calculations within the envelope-function approximation.


Purpose: Analysis of the identified congenital malformations of the fetus, as well as identifying opportunities for their prenatal diagnosis. Materials and methods: In a medical and social audit, analysis of data, examine the anamnesis approaches for pregnancy, birth, and fetal outcomes among 204 women who gave birth with defects of development. Given the dynamics of growth of malformations for the years 2010-2012 based on the maternity hospital No. 1 of Rostov-on-Don. Results: There were different types of stains. The work is given the structure of the identified defects. Noted that out of 204 women, only 9 (4.41%) during pregnancy, fetal abnormalities have been identified, the remaining 195 (95.59%) patients vices have not been diagnosed. Such defects have been diagnosed as lumbar hernia, abnormalities of the cardiovascular system and intestines. Other malformations, including chromosomal disease, were not identified. Untimely Summary: All this requires on the one hand to improve prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformation, and improving the training of professionals who know fully the methods of ultrasound


Aim of this article is the construction of a spanning set for the space of super cusp forms on a complex bounded symmetric super domain B of rank 1 with respect to a lattice. The main ingredients are a generalization of the Anosov closing lemma for partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms and an unbounded realization of B, in particular Fourier decomposition at the cusps mapped to infinity via a partial Cayley transformation. The elements of the spanning set are in finite-to-one correspondence with closed geodesics, the number of elements corresponding to a geodesic growing linearly with its length.


In the 1990s, breast cancer mortality rates in middle-age women declined by 25% to 30% in the United States. This decline was primarily due to adjuvant hormonal therapy or chemotherapies. The efficacy of adjuvant therapy was determined in randomized trials to form a rich evidence base and the rapid adoption of this knowledge by cancer providers into routine care. Separate from the effectiveness assessments, the vast majority of these interventions also met typical criteria for acceptable cost effectiveness—as defined by the WHO as interventions with a cost-effectiveness ratio less than the per capita gross domestic product. Since 2000, innovative approaches to adjuvant therapy for breast cancer patients have emerged using a new class of hormonal therapies(aromatase inhibitors),newschedulesofdeliveringchemotherapy (dose-dense therapy), and targeted treatments at specific newly identified features of the breast cancer cells (trastuzumab). Unfortunately, the financial price of these new interventions has been an increase in costs of fiveto 10-fold compared with the preceding standard approach. Such marked increased adjuvant therapy costs are a microcosm of broader trends pushing up health care costs in the United States—patients continue to want the newest (and most expensive) drugs and medical devices, patients are relatively protected from the prices of new agents (excluding potential copayments), the US Food and Drug Administration does not regulate or negotiate prices as part of its approval process for new agents, and Medicare does not consider costs in any of its reimbursement decisions. Given this perfect storm environment in the United States, cost-effectiveness analyses that attempt to estimate the incremental costs per additional year of survival may be highly important in deciding whether we can justify these new treatments compared with other uses of the same or additional health care dollars. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology, two reports (Kurian et al and Liberato et al) assess the projected long-term costs and benefits of adjuvant trastuzumab for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive breast cancer. Does the unprecedented reduction by about one half in the risk of breast cancer recurrences represent a good value given that the drug costs alone for 1 year of trastuzumab exceed the average lifetime costs of the typical breast cancer patient of 10 to 15 years ago? First, we discuss the methods used. Both reports were conducted without financial support from manufacturers of trastuzumab. Each used a Markov model to track the long-term natural history of hypothetical cohorts of women with node-positive, HER2-positive breast cancer similar to the entry criteria of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-31 and the North Central Cancer Treatment Group N9831 trials. Each attempted to take a societal perspective but in their conduct actually took a health care insurer perspective because only direct health care costs were considered. Given that the median follow-up was only 2 years, it is not surprising that the reports differed in the assumptions used for the benefits and risks in subsequent years. Tables 1 and 2 summarize and compare important differences. The two most important factors were the duration of trastuzumab's benefit and the annual risk of systemic recurrence. The assumption of Liberato et al that the benefit of trastuzumab would persist only for 5 years is well supported by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Meta-Analysis. In contrast, the assumption of Kurian et al that a one-third decline in benefit in years 3 to 5 and an additional but persistent benefit from years 6 to 10 to us appears excessively optimistic. The reports differed slightly in the risk of systemic recurrences beyond 5 years but this had little impact on the results.


The article discusses the problem of conflict, highlighted the large role of human self-regulation in resolving the conflict. The approaches to the problem of self-regulation presented in Russian psychology are considered. We took the following approaches as a basis for considering the problem of self-regulation: E. A. Golubeva, A. B., Leonova, V. I. Morosanova et al. Understanding the problem of self-regulation is carried out by us in the context of the humanitarian paradigm (M. M. Bakhtin, N. Ya. Bolshunova, N. I. Nepomnyashchaya, T. A. Florenskaya).The technology is based on the possession of the practical principles of human self-regulation in resolving conflict situations. It is assumed that the technology of selfregulation in a conflict is more effective if it is based on the sociocultural foundations of human life. In the modern world, many conflicts (national, interpersonal, intragroup, intrapersonal, school, etc.) are often resolved destructively with aggression, cruelty, etc. The destructive nature of conflict resolution in many cases is affected by the inability of people to regulate themselves, to perceive the other, his "friend". A feature of the Russian mentality is peacefulness, the value of achieving peace and harmony. Conflict resolution in the context of Russian mentality is associated with forgiveness. At the same time, forgiveness is understood as a complex spiritual and moral phenomenon associated with a system of values that a person is guided by in his life, in his choices and actions. The ability to forgive is based on the "dominant on the other", the recognition of the other by the other, the right of the other to "friend", which actualizes the possibility of a dialogue between the forgiving and the forgiven. It is shown that the dialectic of "interrogation" and "responsiveness" lies at the heart of the dialogue. A dialogue made in the context of sociocultural patterns, updated by means of text (fairy tales, parables, etc.), initiating leading activities (in preschool — games, elementary schools — creative and productive, etc.) determines a person's readiness for forgiveness. Dialogue — forgiveness contributes to the perception and understanding of another person in a conflict situation, makes it possible to resolve the conflict in a peaceful way. The technology of self-regulation in conflict resolution through a dialogue of forgiveness can reduce the number of conflicts between children, children and parents, teachers, etc. For three years, on the basis of the educational institution, we organized the service of "forgiveness and reconciliation". This service includes: children, parents, teachers, administration. The technology under consideration for the self-regulation of a person in conflict through a dialogue of forgiveness has shown its effectiveness in building the value of the relationship "I and the Other".


The present study was undertaken to evaluate silage made from hybrid Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) ensiled in the laboratory using various additives with regard to sensory as well as chemical characteristics. Four different silages were prepared viz., grass ensiled without additives (GS) as control, and grass silage with Lactobacillus plantarum at 1 x 105 CFU per gram of fresh forage (GSL), grass silage with propionic acid at the rate 0.45 kg per ton of fodder (GSA), and grass silage with combination of Lactobacillus plantarum (1 x 105 CFU per gram of fresh forage) and propionic acid (0.45 kg per ton of fodder) (GSLA) in triplicates. One from each triplicate was opened on 21, 30 and 45 days of ensiling and was evaluated for sensory (colour, aroma, presence or absence of extraneous matter) and chemical (pH, lactic acid, proximate analysis and fibre fractions) characteristics. From the overall results, it could be concluded that hybrid Napier grass, ensiled for 21 days using L. plantarum was effective in preserving its nutritive value.


Reproducibility is one of the hallmarks of scientific research. Independent confirmation of an original research paper increases confidence in the validity of its findings. Conversely, publication of a study that contradicts the findings of the first paper raises doubt about the conclusions of the original paper. As the editors of Kidney360, we think it is critical for us to publish both confirmatory studies and negative studies to counterbalance positive studies that have been published previously. Moreover, we struggle to ensure that studies published by pharmaceutical companies are as free of conflict of interest as possible. There are numerous examples in the nephrology literature of papers that initially reported the value of diagnostic tests or therapeutic approaches, but which were refuted by subsequent papers. A few specific examples illustrate the magnitude of the problem. Two small, single-center randomized, double-blinded controlled trials (RCTs) reported that prophylactic acetylcysteine and intravenous sodium bicarbonate prevented contrast-induced nephropathy.1,2 Had these two, small, single-center, studies been negative, they would have been dismissed as underpowered and triaged or rejected for publication. Not until a much larger subsequent multicenter RCT showed that neither intervention was beneficial,3 were these practices abandoned. Dietary protein restriction was widely accepted for decades as beneficial in slowing the progression of CKD disease. For example, a single-center RCT of 35 patients with diabetic nephropathy reported amuch lower rate of decline in GFR in the patients maintained on a low protein diet (3.1 versus 12.1 ml/min per year, P50.02).4 Subsequently, the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study enrolling 585 patients with CKD demonstrated a similar rate of CKD progression with a low-protein diet and usual protein diet (3.6 versus 4.0 ml/min per year).5 Lowering the dialysate temperature has been widely accepted as the preferred intervention to prevent intradialytic hypotension in chronic hemodialysis patients. A small randomized, cross-over study (n595) of patients with documented intradialytic hypotension (4 weeks in each phase of treatment) showed a beneficial effect of cool dialysate.6 However, a recent clusterrandomized study which enrolled over 15,000 hemodialysis patients followed for 4 years7 demonstrated no difference in the magnitude of drop of systolic blood pressure between patients treated with a cooler dialysate versus a standard dialysate temperature. Plasma exchange was long believed to be beneficial in patients with myeloma and AKI. A single-center RCT enrolled 29 such patients to receive chemotherapy, with or without plasma exchange.8 Stopping dialysis was possible in 13 of 15 (87%) patients receiving plasma exchange versus 2 of 14 (14%) of those not receiving it (P,0.01). These results prompted many nephrologists and hematologists to advocate for plasma exchange in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma and AKI. However, a subsequent multicenter RCT enrolling 104 patients to receive chemotherapy with or without concurrent plasma exchange9 observed similar rates of dialysis dependence in both groups, leading to plasma exchange being abandoned as adjunctive therapy in most patients with myeloma and AKI. Similarly, a more efficient form of light chain removal, high cut-off hemodialysis (HCO-HD), was shown to be beneficial in myeloma patients with cast nephropathy and AKI in observational studies.10 However, two subsequent RCTs (Studies in Patients With Multiple Myeloma and Renal Failure Due to Myeloma Cast Nephropathy [MYRE] and European Trial of Free Light Chain Removal by Extended Haemodialysis in Cast Nephropathy [EuLITE]) comparing this modality to standard therapy in myeloma patients with AKI requiring dialysis did not show a benefit (dialysis discontinuation), and one of the trials noted increased complications in the HCO-HD group. Importantly, when an intervention is shown to be efficacious (a "positive study") reproducibly in several large, multicenter clinical trials, clinicians can acquire much greater confidence in its value, and it ultimately is adopted as the standard of medical care. This has been true for the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is)


back then, in the 60s, most folks lived in 'boxes, little boxes, made of ticky-tacky' they even crooned about those home sweet homes in cliched pretty sing-song ditties nowadays, the ticky-tacky is more sumptuous each box fitted out with all mod cons barricades of Devil's fork screaming alarms and blinding lights all unlikely to bring anyone running from their homes for fear they might get killed or worse still maimed in some wanton melee


The studies on the development of optimal conditions for extracting from plant species olea aetherea, offered for restoration of broken functions of intestines are conducted, and its qualitative structure is studied.


the large superconductivity programmes existing in countries like the and Japan of research in to very few the availability of liquid and allied cryogenic


We have detected the nonlinear magnetic flux generated by a superconducting slab in the presence of an alternating transport current alone, and with no external fields around during the detection. The temperature dependence of induced flux is found to be analogous in its main features to the nonlinear susceptibility: (1) only odd harmonics exist, (2) the third‐harmonic signal is bell shaped with temperature, and (3) it is quite similar to the temperature dependence of the lossy component of the susceptibility at the fundamental frequency. Furthermore, two regimes, intra‐ and intergranular supercurrent contributions, can also be distinguished. These observations suggest a new method for the determination of critical current and its temperature dependence. The observed effective higher harmonics generation may be used in developing novel nonlinear superconducting components such as new types of frequency multipliers and multifrequency generators.


Zinc is the second most abundant trace element in the human body and several disease
states have been attributed to zinc dysregulation. Recent evidence has shown that zinc is a
second messenger with roles in a diverse range of cellular signalling pathways. Of particular
interest, is the discovery that cells require zinc to enter mitosis (cell division) and that several
zinc transporter proteins have increased expression in cancer, a disease of uncontrolled cell
division. Furthermore, post-translational modification has been shown to play a role in ZIP
transporter activity. Understanding ZIP transporter regulation in cell division is key to
revealing the mechanisms of zinc signalling in cancer. A combination of molecular and cell
biological techniques have been used in this project to understand the role of ZIP transporter
post-translational modification in cell division and to characterise novel anti-ZIP antibodies
for their potential to stop tumour growth.
This project highlighted that ZIP10 undergoes ectodomain shedding in mitosis and in
response to zinc availability; an important mechanism for maintaining cellular zinc
homeostasis. Analysis of potential ZIP10 phospho-sites revealed the potential
phosphorylation of ZIP10 on several residues in the loop between TMD3 and TMD4.
Furthermore, the interaction of ZIP10 with cell cycle-regulated kinases including CDK1 and
PLK1 in mitosis was demonstrated. In addition, novel antibodies against ZIP transporters
ZIP6 and ZIP10, both of which have been implicated in several cancers, were developed and
the work presented here demonstrated their ability to prevent cell division in breast cancer,
prostate cancer and melanoma cell lines in vitro, and slow breast tumour growth in vivo. This
project also provided the first indication that ZIP6- and ZIP10-mediated cell division is
important for non-cancerous cells, supporting the evidence that zinc signalling mechanisms
are vital to human health; a finding that is relevant to the wider field of cellular biology.


Continuous measurements of carbon exchange using the eddy covariance (EC) technique were made at three boreal forest mature sites including Southern Old Aspen (SOA), Southern Old Black Spruce (SOBS) and Southern Old Jack Pine (SOJP) in 2000. Climatic conditions were slightly warmer than normal with precipitation exceeding evapotranspiration at each site. Annual ecosystem respiration ( R) derived from daytime analyses of EC data was 1141, 815 and 52 1 g C m−2 per year and was consistently lower than nighttime EC estimates of 1193, 897 and 57 8 g C m−2 per year for SOA, SOBS and SOJP, respectively. The differences, however, were not statistically significant given the large uncertainty associated with each analytical technique. The uncertainty in annual net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was assessed by randomly simulating missing data and gap filling using simple biophysical algorithms. The uncertainty analysis supports the finding that each site was a net sink, and that differences in NEP were only significant between SOA and SOBS. The annual NEP and uncertainty for SOA, SOBS and SOJP was 122 (64–142), 35 (18–53) and 78 (61–91 ) g C m−2 per year, respectively. These relatively old growth forests represent a weak to moderate carbon sink. Despite having the shortest growing period, carbon sequestration was greatest at SOA because of its relatively large photosynthetic capacity ( Amax). At the evergreen sites, Amax was marginally larger at SOBS; however, annual carbon sequestration was smaller as a result of greater R. The evergreen sites exhibited a pronounced mid-season reduction in NEP, which was attributed to a large increase in R wh le Amax had not reached its full capacity. Non-growing season R resulted in a carbon loss of 285, 120 and 6 4 g C m−2 and accounted for 70, 80 and 46% of the summertime NEP at SOA, SOBS and SOJP, respectively. Six years of EC data at SOA indicate that carbon sequestration at boreal aspen sites may benefit from warmer climatic conditions because R is r latively conservative and photosynthesis increases in response to a longer growing period. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Plato was the first philosopher who discussed love philosophically. The discussion can be found in his work entitled Symposium. Through text analysis of Symposium, the perspective of Plato about love and the position of love in philosophical discourse can be concluded. For Plato, ultimate love does not have a relation to the body anymore. Plato believed that love is hierarchical, and it ascends from the lower level to the higher level as illustrates in Scala Amoris. The ultimate love is about a mental state which aims to gain absolute beauty and it is the highest level of love. However, in romantic relationships, love is not only about the mental state but also physical contact because romantic love relates to sexual things such as sexual intimacy. And according to Plato, love that still has attachment to the body is the lowest level of love. Thus, Plato's perspective about romantic love cannot be said as positive because romantic love strongly relates to the body. Plato believed that the highest level of love has left body behind, and it only focuses on mental aspiration.


Estrogens excreted by humans and animals are groups of endocrine disruptors, which degrade rapidly in soil and water as reported. This review focuses on biodegradation of estrone (E1), 17 -estradiol (E2) and 17a-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in surface water, STPs (sewage treatment plants), manure, soil and sediments, and illustrates possible pathways and mechanisms. In general, half-lives of EE2 are much longer than E1 and E2, because an ethinyl group at one hydroxyl group containing C-atom makes the cleavage of this ring rather difficult. Thus, EE2 has great estrogenic potential although the secreted amount is much smaller than that of E2 or E1. Various kinds of bacteria and fungus, Cornybacterium spp., Nitrosomonas europaea etc., are reported to be capable of degrading estrogens. Moreover, reports indicate that temperature, pH values etc. exert impacts on degradation to different extents. The biodegradation in the sludge phase was assumed by researchers to follow a pseudo-first-order reaction, and the sequence of K-values is E2>E1>>EE2 for the same sludge. As for the pathways, it was found that E2 is oxidized to E1 by the first step. The half-live of this step is about 4 to 12 hours in aerobic water and soil. However, this step cannot remarkably reduce the estrogenic potential. Further degradation of E1 needs the cleavage of one ring. Therefore, half-lives and concentrations of E1 are much longer and higher than those of E2. As a matter of fact, pathways of EE2 are still controversial, as several incompatible theories have been proposed.


Introduction. 1. Introducing Creative Supervision. 2. Becoming a Creative Supervisor. 3. Opening up Unconscious Communication. 4. Using Toys and Bricks. 5. Discovering Visualization, Metaphor and Drawing. 6. Enjoying Limitless Resources. 7. Creating Narrative. 8. Using People as Props. 9. Developing an Inner Supervisor. 10. Beginnings, Endings, Ritual and Ceremony. 11. Working at a Distance. 12. Collecting and Making Resources and Props. References. Further Reading. Index.


Traditional challenges for end-to-end streaming services are harder when considering 360° video content. One of these challenges relates to the lack of standardized methodologies for subjective 360° video quality assessment, especially for streaming services. This paper presents a methodology for 360° video streaming services, which inherits a lot from the existing International Telecommunications Union standards for subjective quality evaluation of 2D/3D video but also incorporates omnidirectionality. A new metric called similarity ring metric (SRM) is introduced. It measures the degree of similarity in watching patterns of a single subject or between different subjects for several subjective assessment tests. This metric enables a rejection criteria for test results. This paper also presents visual fatigue results for a subjective quality experiment.


Through examination of embroidered bedcovers from Winterthur's collection, the author hypothesizes that these objects developed stylistically and technically from eighteenth‐century bed rug production centered in Connecticut. As residents moved away from these highly populated Connecticut towns to the frontiers of New York and the upper Connecticut River Valley, they adapted the bed rug into a less densely worked embroidered bedcover. Although analysis of this small group of objects draws no definitive conclusions, it offers a window into adaptation of home textile production in the midst of contemporary transitions in female education, industrial production, regional migration, and fashion trends.


This project on focus on users that mostly likely want to look the main attractions that provide by the Zoo Malacca and also know what the information of the attraction provided. This will help the tourism sector to improve the visitors came to Zoo Malacca by promoting the Zoo Malacca itself by creating a Virtual Tour. Generally, the purpose of the VR development for this project is considering to offers tourism many useful applications that deserve greater attention from tourism researchers and professionals. As VR technology continues to evolve, the number and significance of such applications undoubtedly will increase. Planning and management, marketing, entertainment, education, accessibility, and heritage preservation are six areas of tourism in which VR may prove particularly valuable. Part of VR's possible utility as a preservation tool derives from its potential to create virtual experiences that tourists may accept as substitutes for real visitation to threatened sites. However, the acceptance of such substitutes will be determined by a tourist's attitudes toward authenticity and his or her motivations and constraints. As VR is further integrated into the tourism sector new questions and challenges clearly will emerge. The sector will benefit from future research into the topics that are discussed and numerous suggestions for future research are presented.


Learning in the century of knowledge means that each individual can learn anywhere, anytime, with anyone, and through any media. The existing of technological developments are also ready to support the implementation of these online learning in desktop, web and mobile. With optimal utilization of ICT, it is hoped that learning can take place more attractive, real, and fun. The next problem that needs to be prepared is the assurance of digital literacy skills learners as the basis of the online learning application. Therefore, this research will be studied to the digital literacy skills of informatics engineering education students at Universitas Negeri Malang which are focused on the ability of information literacy, media literacy, and computer literacy. The research method is descriptive analysis with 99 respondents. The results of this study shows that the level of information literacy and media literacy students are in good category with the average value of 74,25% and 72,75%, while tech literacy ability is in very good category with the average value 83,75%. Based on these results it can be concluded that IT students have good literacy skills and can be improved through online and web-based learning.


This paper proposes a PI controller to be functioned in the steady state area to result in high steady state performance and a sliding mode controller that functions in the transient area to result in high transient performance. To combine these two controllers, an outer fuzzy logic controller is to be implemented to switch between them. This is a solution to the chattering problem of the sliding mode controller for induction motors.


This study aims to determine the urgency of setting corporate responsibility norms for the protection of workers' mental health and to analyze the concept of regulating workers' mental health protection in Indonesia. This research is a normative legal research with a statue approach and a conceptual approach. The results obtained indicate that the protection of workers' mental health is urgent, there are at least 2 (two) reasons why this is urgent to be regulated, namely: First, the juridical reason that there is no specific regulation that regulates the protection of mental health of workers in Indonesia. Second, the sociological reason that mental health can burden families, communities, and governments. In addition, the mental health of workers can harm the national economy to the global economy and affect the bottom line of the business or the company's net profit through decreased productivity. The concept of regulating workers' mental health protection in Indonesia can be done by revising PERMENAKER Number 5 of 2018 concerning Occupational Safety and Health. In this case, the revision is intended to add work anxiety, job burnout, and depression into the standard of psychological factors.


Demyelinating optic neuritis is the commonest cause of optic neuropathy in young adults. Retrobulbar optic neuritis is one of the frequent clinical forms of demyelinating optic neuritis. We report a case of a 28-year-old lady who presented with blurring of vision in the right eye for one month and pain on eye movement. Fundi examinations were normal. Initial suspicion was that of retrobulbar optic neuritis. Interestingly, imaging showed a suprasellar mass consistent with a meningioma. The patient underwent surgery but unfortunately the excision was incomplete due to a portion of the tumour adherent to the internal carotid artery. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of suprasellar meningioma. The patient was followed up for one year post-surgery with no visual improvement. This case highlights that although rare, suprasellar meningioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of retrobulbar neuritis in young patients.


ABSTRACT We investigated solvent-solute effects using dye-doped nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) where three Sudan dyes of different concentrations were used as solutes doped into high- and low-polar NLCs as anisotropic solvents. The polarized spectroscopic absorption, dichroic ratio (R), and order parameter (S) were measured, which showed that the rod-like Sudan black B had a higher S and R due to a higher anisotropic solvent-solute effect produced by transition moment and global charge transfer along the molecular axis induced by high polar NLC. The order parameters measured by the Vuks method also showed a higher solvent-solute effect for the high-polar NLC.


In this paper, the performances of appearance-based statistical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) are tested and compared for the recognition of colored face images. Three sets of experiments are conducted for relative performance evaluations. In the first set of experiments, the recognition performances of PCA, LDA and ICA are demonstrated. The effect of illumination variations is evaluated in the second set, whereas input images are partially occluded in the third set of experiments. The results show that  PCA is better than LDA and ICA under different illumination variations but LDA is better than ICA. On the other hand, LDA is more sensitive than PCA and ICA on partial occlusions, but PCA is less  sensitive to partial occlusions compared to LDA and ICA sensitivity. That is, PCA performance is better than LDA and ICA while performance of ICA performance is better than LDA on partial occlusions.


Steganography is a technique of not only keeping the data hidden, but also technique of hiding the presence of any data within. It is a method of camouflaging the data into another data source which can be a text, an image, an audio file or a video dataset. This steganography technique has its own wide variety of applications in many areas. This technique will be made use when there occurs a situation of covering up the content from the unintended group of people, only a destined user can be able to reveal or retrieve the secret data. This paper provides a brief survey on the LSB approaches that are developed in this area of research. Here, LSB technique for text, image, audio and video steganography is discussed.


Winter warming is fast than summer warming on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP). However, no assessment of winter warming effects on permafrost has been attempted. Here we conducted hypothetical control experiments and used the Noah land surface model to evaluate the impacts of winter warming on the QTP permafrost. The results show that air temperature in winter (November–April) was increasing at a rate of 0.66 °C/decade during 1980s−2000s, over double that in summer (May–October). The mean annual ground temperature of permafrost increased by 0.13 °C/decade. The summer warming dominated the variations in thermal regime of permafrost before 2000. After that, the influence of winter warming on permafrost thermal regime has gradually grown and exceeded that of summer warming. Winter warming has amplified the thermal degradation of permafrost. Our findings reveal that alpine continuous permafrost on the northern QTP has experienced a prominent regional warming due to rapid winter warming since 2000.


We present the design and implementation of an FPGA-based accelerator for bioinformatics applications in this paper. To process large amounts of data generated by next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, bioinformatics applications require high-performance computing capabilities. Because of their parallel processing capabilities and reconfigurable hardware, FPGAs are a promising solution for accelerating bioinformatics applications. To achieve high throughput and low latency, the proposed accelerator architecture employs parallelism and pipelining. The FPGA accelerator's performance is compared to software implementations on a CPU. The results of the experiments show that the FPGA accelerator outperforms the CPU implementation.


Waste disposal management is an issue of concern among stakeholders responsible for waste management. The purpose of this study was to examine waste disposal management practices in three selected Senior High Schools (SHS) within the Wa Municipality of the Upper West Region of Ghana. The study adopted a mixed method explanatory sequential approach with both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis. The tools used to capture the required data includes; questionnaires, interview schedules and observation. The study respondents were students, teachers and school management of selected Senior High Schools within the Wa Municipality of the Upper West Region of Ghana. The study respondents were one hundred and twenty-two (122) respondents comprising 45 students, 45 teachers, 30 school management officials,1 education officer and 1 waste management officer. The study found out that different kind of solid wastes are generated in Senior High Schools within the Wa Municipality of the Upper West Region of Ghana. The study found out that the commonest types of solid waste generated in these schools were food waste, rubbish, and ashes. Again, it was found out that waste is been disposed off in open spaces in Senior High Schools within the Wa Municipality. The study further revealed that, students, teachers and school management are worried about the waste disposal situation in senior high schools within the Wa Municipality. It also emerged from the study that there are no proper waste dump sites in Senior High Schools within the Wa Municipality. The study also found out that waste is being thrown away without separation in senior high schools within the Wa Municipality. It also emerged from the study that waste management practices are very important to students. Based on the findings of the study, the study recommends the provision of adequate dustbins in Senior High Schools within the Wa Municipality. The study further recommends regular collection of waste in Senior High Schools within the Wa Municipality by the institutions responsible. At least, waste should be collected once in every week in Senior High Schools within the Wa Municipality. The study further recommends regular monitoring of waste collection by the Wa Municipal Assembly. This will keep the place constantly clean and prevent any possible outbreak of communicable diseases such as cholera and typhoid.Keywords: Waste Disposal Management Practices, Senior High Schools, Wa Municipality, Ghana.


Research and policy attention began to focus on the phenomenon of private tutoring in a significant way only in the 1990s. Much of the initial attention focused on Asia, particularly on Japan and South Korea, where tutoring has been established for longer periods as a major element in the lives of young people and their families. In the following decade attention turned to other parts of the world in which tutoring was becoming significant. In Europe differences in use of private tutoring across countries can be very large. While it is a marginal phenomenon in Scandinavia and the Netherlands, the southern European countries and the former Soviet countries show very high rates of tutoring (NESSE, 2011). In Switzerland private tutoring is quite an unexplored topic, although its importance can be easily perceived.
One of the main collateral effects of private tutoring is that it may be a heavy burden on low-income families and can contribute to maintaining or even increasing social inequalities.
According to the credentialist theories (Collins, 1979), upper class families seek to limit their children's risk of downward social mobility and do their utmost to ensure that their offspring do well in school and progress to higher education. In other words the reason why paid private tutoring is used might have more to do with the concept of enrichment, rather than remedying any gaps and would reflect the so-called "Matthew effect", whereby the children of better educated families are more likely to study more and longer (Blossfeld & von Maurice, 2011).
Private tutoring may also reflect the lack of satisfaction of students and their families with the educational quality in mainstream schools or be a spy of a system teacher-centred rather than child-centred and/or intolerant of slower learners (Bray, 2003).
This paper aims to provide an in-depth description of the phenomenon of private tutoring in secondary education in the Swiss Canton of Ticino, quantify it and determine whether it can exacerbate social inequalities and/or be the sign of school dissatisfaction. For these purposes we analysed the answers to a questionnaire of a sample of over 1300 students at their first or last year of upper secondary school. 30% of them are taking private lessons at the moment of the interview. The analysis put into evidence the higher level of school discomfort of private tutoring users. Although most of them show poorer school performances and a logic of remedial seems to prevail, private tutoring is more common among the better educated upper class families.


ii ABSTRACT The following study investigates how to design and implement an effective interactive marketing strategy for the television industry. The study also explores how satellite media tours and social media, specifically Twitter, can be used together in an interactive marketing plan. As new technology is continuously being developed and target audiences are increasingly demanding instantaneous interactive content, it is pertinent to understand how to successfully use these tools in a marketing plan to engage audiences. According to Nick Abramovich, the Chief Executive Officer of Synaptic Digital, a multichannel digital media creation and distribution platform (Inc Magazine, 2011), " brands are realizing that their customers want less of a monologue and more of a conversation, and expect to be engaged wherever they are, whether it's watching TV, surfing the web, interacting on social channels or in a media mix " (p. 1). Therefore, it is now critical more than ever for television networks to supply viewers with the interactive content that they are craving.


found in the Cambrigde Structural Database (CSD; Version 5.28, May 2007 update; Allen, 2002). The dimeric lead tri-tertbutoxysilanethiolate, in the form of the diglyme solvate, was obtained by reaction of silanethiol with PbO (Wojnowski et al., 1986). Another complex, Pb{SSi(OC4H9)3}2N2C12H8, or (ortho-phenanthroline)bis(tri-tert-butoxysilanethiolato)lead(II), a mononuclear and heteroleptic compound, was obtained about ten years later by the incorporation of a chelating nitrogen ligand (Peters et al., 1997). Finally, a metal±organic compound, namely a plumbolane (2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-5,5diphenyl-1,4,2,3,5-dithiadisilaplumbolane), has been reported (Herzog & Rheinwald, 2002). Several attempts to obtain and characterize heteroleptic silanethiolates with PPh3 or simple heteroaromatic nitrogen bases as additional ligands have so far failed. We present here the syntheses and structures of two mononuclear complexes, namely (2,20-bipyridine)bis(tri-tertbutoxysilanethiolato)lead(II), (I), and (4,7-diphenyl-1,10phenanthroline)bis(tri-tert-butoxysilanethiolato)lead(II) benzene hemisolvate, (II). To our knowledge, no lead complexes with this latter heterocyclic ligand have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction to date. Both compounds show a distorted square-pyramidal coordination of the Pb atoms. The impact of the `inert pair effect' on the structure is clearly manifested. The base plane contains N, N, S and O atoms, whereas the second S atom, found in the apical position, belongs to the O,S-chelating tri-tert-butoxysilanethiolate ligand. A widening of the valence angles at the S atoms by ca 4 in the silanethiolate ligands not involved in chelation is observed in both structures (Tables 1 and 2). It is worth noting the in ̄uence of the steric effect of the S-atom lone pairs on the coordination of sulfur. In (I), the PbÐN bond lengths differ, although the difference is small. This is not the case in (II), where PbÐN2 is about 0.2 AÊ longer than PbÐN1. The SiÐS bond lengths are shorter and PbÐS distinctly longer compared with the respective bonds in the plumbolane (SiÐS ca 2.14 AÊ and PbÐS ca 2.50 AÊ ). This probably indicates a partially ionic character of the metal± ligand bonds in (I) and (II) (Baranowska et al., 2006). The Si2ÐO4 bond length is slightly longer than the other SiÐO bonds in (I), due to chelation; this effect was noted previously by Jesionka et al. (2005). In (II), the situation is complicated by disorder. In structure (I), the aromatic 2,20-bipyridine rings of two neighbouring molecules are linked by a ± interaction. Even metal-organic compounds


SUMMARY Studies on the effects of solvents on germinability of seeds of various crops established the optimum conditions for immersing seeds in several solvents. Reduction in germinability, in vitro and in soil, of seeds of cotton, bean, pea, soya bean, and sugar beet after immersion in acetone, dichloromethane, or ethanol for various periods up to 24 h depended upon the length of immersion and the seed type and solvent used. Soya-bean and sugar-beet seeds were the least sensitive to the solvents whereas bean and cotton seeds were the most sensitive. Various cultivars of the same crop behaved similarly. The amount of seed germination in vitro was similar to that in soil. Solvent combinations consisting of acetone with dimethylsulphoxide, dichloroethane. polyethylene glycol, or triethanolamine did not affect cotton-seed germination in soil whereas soya-bean seeds were adversely affected by some materials. The amount of solvent taken up by the seeds and the amount of oxidizable matter extracted by the solvent depended upon the solvent and the crop. Maximum absorption of solvent occurred within 1 h. The amount of oxidizable material diffusing from seeds immersed in solvents was not correlated with the amount of solvent uptake or extent of seed germination.


The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is presently under construction at CERN. The LHC is a circular accelerator that stores proton beams and accelerates them to a 7 TeV beam energy for high energy physi ...


The successful management of breast cancer remains a major challenge to surgeons and oncologists in the 21st century. Although the incidence of breast cancer varies throughout the world, the disease is universally perceived to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both pre- and


This article examines the role of visual presentation in the work of two Japanese bands, Shonen Knife and Puffy, with particular reference to issues of gender and authenticity both in their self‐representations as well as in perceptions of these bands in Japan and the United States. The authors contrast the ways in which the women of Shonen Knife are perceived, based on their punk vision, to the ways in which the women of Puffy are characterized, based on their grounding in J‐pop. Yet, they conclude that both bands subvert traditional notions of gender in Japan as well as transnational criteria of pop and punk authenticity, through their manipulations of the visual aspect of their band's identities. Further, this aspect of authenticity in Japanese women's pop music is missed because it is viewed as feminine, and is correspondingly devalued.


Discussions of embodiment in the virtual world mostly focus on online games and virtual reality technologies. By taking the case of Indonesian buzzers—persons employed to propagate opinions on certain issues or products—we argue that social media platforms also allow for virtual embodiment occurring within a Twitter cyberplace. This article theorizes virtual bodies by examining Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological approach. We also work with Boelstorff's conception of chora and virtual bodies to argue that virtual bodies can be seen as a practical extension of physical bodies: a cyborg body. Intertwined within marketing relations, we then attempt to see how this amalgam of physical and virtual bodies is disciplined by panopticism, while briefly considering local Javanese particularities in shaping this discipline. Thus, through this examination of an Indonesian case, we bring up wider theoretical issues on social media, technologies of governance, and subjectivity.


Crystallization and melting behaviors of blend fibers of two types of polypropylene (PP), i.e. high stereo-regularity/high molecular weight PP (HPP) and low stereo-regularity/low molecular weight PP (LPP), was investigated. Blend fibers consisting of various HPP/LPP compositions were prepared through the melt spinning process. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis were applied for clarifying the crystallization and melting behaviors of individual components. In the DSC measurement of blend fibers with high LPP composition, continuous endothermic heat was detected between the melting peaks of LPP at around 40 °C and that of HPP at around 160 °C. Such endothermic heat was more distinct for the blend fibers with higher LPP composition indicating that the melting of LPP in the heating process was hindered because of the presence of HPP crystals. On the other hand, heat of crystallization was detected at around 90 °C in the c...


ABSTRACT: In the power generation sector, Natural Resources like Solar, Wind, Tidal, Geothermal, Hydro etc have always played a very important role. Out of these solar PV (photo voltaic) is most popular due to its significant advantages. However the solar radiation never remains constant. It keeps on varying throughout the day. In this paper, single 60 W solar PV panel along with boost converter have been interfaced and control for a three phase three-level neutral point clamped inverter (NPC) for grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The need of the hour is to deliver a constant voltage to the grid irrespective of the variation in temperatures and solar isolation. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is capable of extracting maximum power from the photovoltaic (PV) array connected to each DC link voltage level. The MPPT algorithm is solved by Perturb & Observe method. We have designed a circuit such that it delivers constant and stepped up dc voltage to the load. We have studied the open loop characteristics of the PV array with variation in temperature and irradiation levels. Then we coupled the PV array with the boost converter in such a way that with variation in load, the varying input current and voltage to the converter follows the open circuit characteristic of the PV array closely. At various isolation levels, the load is varied and the corresponding variation in the input voltage and current to the boost converter is noted. It is noted that the changing input voltage and current follows the open circuit characteristics of the PV array closely.


In view of the problem that intersymbol interference exists in digital signal transmission system,a filter( a frequency domain equalizer or a time-domain equalizer) must be inserted to do compensation in baseband transmission system. This paper makes an analysis on the design of the adjustable transversal filter by Nyquist Criterion and sampling value function method. Based on this,it discusses the implementation method of the filter in detail.


The article describes the role of Tashkent (Shosh), the capital of Uzbekistan, in the world civilization, the contribution of scientists and scholars to the development of Islamic science, the construction of the city, mausoleum, mosque, socio-political, cultural and spiritual life. At the same time, the personification of the shrines of Sheikh Zayniddin and Sheikh Khovandi Tohur in Tashkent, the history of the architecture of the mausoleums where their ashes lie, and the attitude of the local population to them are described.


It is well known that within the limits recognised by experiment, the constitution of vapour in contact with the body from which it rises, is such, that its tension increases with increased temperature, and diminishes with diminished temperature; and, though in the latter case we can, with many substances, so far attenuate the vapour as soon to make its presence inappreciable to our tests, yet an opinion is very prevalent, and I believe general, that still small portions are produced; the tension being correspondent to the comparatively low temperature of the substance. Upon this view, it has been supposed that every substance in vacuo or surrounded by vapour or gas, having no chemical action upon it, has an atmosphere of its own around it; and that our atmosphere must contain, diffused through it, minute portions of the vapours of all those substances with which it is in contact, even down to the earths and metals. I believe that a theory of meteorites has been formed upon this opinion. Perhaps the point has never been distinctly considered; and it may therefore not be uninteresting to urge two or three reasons, in part dependant upon experimental proof, why this should not he the case. The object, therefore, which I shall hold in view in the following pages, is to show that a limit exists to the production of vapour of any tension by bodies placed in vacuo, or in elastic media, beneath which limit they are perfectly fixed.


The document provides a guide to the use of bituminous materials in road-making applications. Bituminous materials include bitumen obtained from the refining of crude oil and products derived from bitumen through additional manufacturing processes or use of additives. Reference is also made to other sources of bituminous material and non-bituminous binders. This document provides an introduction to bituminous binder technology and a guide to selection of a bituminous binder type for a particular application as well as covering some of the properties and composition of bituminous materials. The principal tests used for the assessment of bituminous materials are also covered. This document is part of a number of publications forming the basis of the Austroads Guide to Pavement Technology. (a)


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to metallurgy, particularly, to electrode wire used in arc welding. To stabilise the arc and to increase life of electrode wirer contact end, electrode wire comprises wire metal base and solid conductor at surfaces of said base. Said solid conductor comprises electrically conducting ground solid substance consisting of metal oxide that retains solid state and reactive properties in air at 1200°C. EFFECT: stabilised arc, longer life. 13 cl, 6 dwg, 5 tbl, 3 ex


The ability to predict computer crimes has become increasingly important. The paper describes a method for discovering the preferences of computer criminals. This method involves sequential clustering based on the variance of clusters discovered in higher order clustering. These discovered preferences can be used for the direct protection of computer systems against ongoing attacks or for the construction of simulations of future attacks.


The mass formula summation/sub J/(- 1)/sup 2J/(2J + 1) m/sub J/ /sup 2/ = 0 is derived for a very general class of interactions with spontaneously broken supersymmetry. It shows the vanishing of the graded trace of the square of the mass operator, with m/sub J/ the mass associated with a (real) field of spin J. This mass relation is shown to be true even in the presence of explicit breaking, provided it fulfills suitable requirements.


A phosphorous/nitrogen-containing diphenylphosphine oxide (DPO) derivative (DPO-SS) was designed and synthesized via a two-step reaction of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, and DPO. The structure of DPO-SS was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). DPO-SS was used as a flame retardant and curing agent for copolymerizing with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A. Thermal and flame-retardant properties of the obtained flame-retardant epoxy resin (F-EP) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic thermomechanical analysis, limited oxygen index (LOI) measurement, vertical burning test (UL-94), and cone calorimeter test. Results indicated that all F-EP samples exhibited excellent thermal stability and flame-retardant property. Especially for F-EP with P content of 0.7 wt% (denoted as EP/P-0.7), it achieved high LOI values (32.4%) and UL-94 V-0 rating. Compared with pure EP, all F-EP samples showed lower heat release rate, total heat release, total smoke produce, and little T g fluctuation. In order to study the flame-retardant mechanism, the char residues were investigated by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis. The results manifested that DPO-SS acted as flame retardant in both gas phase and condensed phase. Water absorption properties of pure EP and F-EP were also compared through immersion experiments. Results showed that EP/P-0.7 sample had apparently lower water absorptivity than pure EP.


Abstract Platycoelia bicolor (Gutiérrez) (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) is transferred from the tribe Anoplognathini, subtribe Platycoeliina, to the tribe Rutelini. Platycoelia bicolor is placed in the genus Eremophygus Ohaus and the taxonomic history of the species is discussed. The transfer creates a new combination, Eremophygus bicolor (Gutiérrez) and places the generic name Heterocallichloris Gutiérrez as a junior synonym of Eremophygus (new synonymy). Morphological characters that warrant the transfer are discussed.


Many mixed-integer models are sparse and can, therefore, usually be decomposed into weakly connected blocks. Such decompositions could be determined algorithmically or be specified by the user. We limit ourselves to the later, as the user usually has a very precise idea of which decomposition makes sense for structural reasons. In the present work, we address the exploitation of user-supplied decompositions within the non-commercial solver SCIP to control heuristics. In order to demonstrate the potential, three different heuristics leveraging such decomposition information are considered. Our results show that such an approach has a positive influence on the overall solution behavior of SCIP, provided that the decomposition information supplied describes the basic structural properties of the model appropriately for the particular heuristic.


A large number of different Pseudo-R measures for some common limited 2 dependent variable models are surveyed. Measures include those based solely on the maximized likelihoods with and without the restriction that slope coefficients are zero, those which require further calculations based on parameter estimates of the coefficients and variances and those that are based solely on whether the qualitative predictions of the model are correct or not. The theme of the survey is that while there is no obvious criterion for choosing which Pseudo-R to use, if the estimation is in the context of an underlying latent 2 dependent variable model, a case can be made for basing the choice on the strength of the numerical relationship to the OLS-R in the latent dependent variable. As such an OLS-R can 2 2 be known in a Monte Carlo simulation, we summarize Monte Carlo results for some important latent dependent variable models (binary probit, ordinal probit and Tobit) and find that a Pseudo-R measure due to McKelvey and Zavoina scores consistently well under our criterion. 2 We also very briefly discuss Pseudo-R measures for count data, for duration models and for 2 prediction-realization tables. Acknowledgements: We thank John DeNew for excellent research assistance. Useful comments were provided by Deb Fretz, Colin Cameron, Frank Windmeijer, the participants at seminars at McGill and McMaster University, three anonymous referees and the editor. The authors are responsible for all errors and shortcomings. The former author thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The second author acknowledges support by the German Science Foundation. 2


A WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing) MOST(Media Oriented Systems Transport) device and an MOST network using the device are provided to realize thus high-capacity data transmission while data delay is avoided. A wavelength division controller(250) stores more than 2 pieces of wavelength information used for optical signals, and determines wavelength values to be used for transmission or reception of data to control the transmission or the reception of the data. A multi-E/O(Electro-Optic) converter(230) converts electric signals into optical signals for the transmission of the data. A multi-O/E(Opto-Electronic) converter(240) converts optical signals for the reception of the data having different wavelength values from wavelength values of the multi-E/O converter(230) into electric signals. A POF(Plastic Optical Fiber)(270) conducts physical transmission or reception of the optical signals for the reception of the data or the transmission of the data. A POF interface(260) performs an interface between the POF(270) and the converters(230,240) under control of the controller(250).


To the Editor: We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the comments of Guermazi et al regarding our recent article (1) in the Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The main results of the studies of Kopka et al (2) and Earls et al (3) were that the signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios were higher by using a power injector. We do accept that the peak enhancement percentage and slope in a contrast-enhanced dynamic MR study could be slightly different by using different injection methods. However, in our study, the enhancement percentage and slope showed no significant difference between the compression fracture and metastatic groups. It is the enhancement pattern (type A E) and especially the second part of the curve after the rapidly rising first part that is helpful in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. In our results, the type D pattern (the early washout phenomenon) had a 100% specificity for malignant lesions. There is no evidence that a power injector will change the tissue enhancement pattern in comparison with a manual bolus injection. There are several MR perfusion studies using the manual bolus injection method (4–7). In those studies, Gd-DTPA was injected by hand within 2–4 seconds. Tsukamoto et al evaluated the marrow perfusion of the femoral head in a dog model by using manual injection of the contrast medium, which showed good correlation with a microsphere blood flow study (r 0.86) (4). In Verstraete's study (5), the correlation coefficient between enhancement slope and vascularization was 0.93; therefore, manual bolus injection could also be an acceptable method for evaluating tissue blood perfusion in those institutions that do not have a power injector. We apologize for not picking up the mismatch type D case number in the final proofreading. There should be 13 type D cases, all belonging to the malignant group (groups III and IV) (the 18th line at the right aspect of page 311 was mistyped). The small number of cases limits our statistical significance; however, in combining our experience with other studies (6,7,8), we believe that an early washout phenomenon is a specific perfusion pattern for malignant lesions, which is a useful sign in equivocal cases.


Flexible resistive pressure sensor woven from electrical conductive fibers in parallel connection is designed. The pressure-resistance relation of the sensor is deduced based on its electrical equivalent circuit model and physical laws. The design domains (sets of effective value) of sensor parameters, such as maximum pressure ratio, weaving parameter, number of wefts or warps, radius of fiber, are analyzed and discussed. It is concluded that design domain of the maximum pressure ratio and weaving parameter gets the maximum value when the maximum ratio of contact resistance to intrinsic resistance is less than 30 and the number of wefts and warps is greater than 35. The design domain of the number and the radius of the wefts and warps are greatly affected by resistivity.


This study examines how the formation and dissipation of a queue indicated by shock waves affect the likelihood of crash occurrence on freeways. Using one-minute average volume and density data collected from a section of the Gardiner Expressway in Toronto, changes in volume and density 3-10 minutes prior to the time of crash occurrence were observed. Types of shock wave and the shock wave speeds were estimated and related to the frequencies of the crashes where the shock wave existed before they occurred. It was found that typical shock wave types vary in different time periods of day due to different traffic conditions. The comparison with the volume-density data for the non-crash cases using logistic regression models shows that crashes are more likely to occur when the forward shock wave speed is lower. This indicates that slower vehicle progression in near-capacity conditions and slower dissipation of a queue in congested conditions are more likely to cause crashes. The results provide insights into better understanding of how shock waves affect the crash likelihood.


A number of reports have appeared concerning the antihypertensive efficacy of pargyline hydrochloride ( 1 4 ) . It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme, monoamine oxidase, but the exact mechanism by which the drug produces its clinical effects has not been established (5-7). Methyclothiazide is a member of the benzothiadiazine family of diuretic-antihypertensive agents. I n addition to producing an antihypertensive effect of its own (8, 9 ) , i t enhances the response to other antihypertensive agents (10, 11). Therapy with both pargyline hydrochlorine and methyclothiazide has been reported to produce a greater response than either drug alone, with fewer or less severe side effects (12, 13). This report deals with a study of a fixed combination of these drugs for the treatment of patients with hypertension.


Abstract The endophytic fungi Simplicillium lamellicola and Clonostachys rosea were assayed for their ability to induce resistance in wheat against disease caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe in growth room and outdoor tests. Agar inoculum of the endophytes was applied 4 days before agar inoculum of F. graminearum was applied to adjacent leaves. Simplicillium lamellicola or C. rosea treatments applied on one leaf significantly reduced the disease on another leaf by between 68 and 70% in growth room tests at 11 days post pathogen inoculation and by between 43 and 49% in outdoor tests at 9 days after inoculation compared to pathogen-inoculated controls with no biocontrols. Simplicillium lamellicola is a promising biocontrol agent since it systemically induced disease resistance in wheat against Fusarium graminearum. Future work is needed to investigate the mode of action of the defence responses and the proper formulation and application of this biocontrol agent.


Molecular dynamic simulations based on a coarse-grained, bead-spring model are adopted to investigate the spreading of both nonfunctional and functional perfluoropolyether (PFPE) on solid substrates. For nonfunctional PFPE, the spreading generally exhibits a smooth profile with a precursor film. The spreading profiles on different substrates are compared, which indicate that the bead-substrate interaction has a significant effect on the spreading behaviour, especially on the formation of the precursor film. For functional PFPE, the spreading generally exhibits a complicated terraced profile. The spreading profiles with different endbeads are compared, which indicate that the endbead-substrate interaction and the endbead–endbead interaction, especially the latter, have a significant effect on the spreading behaviour.


Introduction The third active site residue of aspartic proeinase from Aspergillus is essential for trypsinogen activation at pH 3-4.5 Engineering of procine pepsin Aorsin from Aspergillus oryzae, a novel serine proteinase with trypsinogen activating specificity at acidic pH from A. oryzae Deuterolysin form Aspergillus, a member of aspzincin famiry with a new zinc-binding motif (HEXXH + D) Acid carboxypeptidase from Aspergillus saitoi 1,2-a-D-Mannosidase from Aspergillus saitoi Acid activation of protyrosinase from Aspergillus oryzae Hyper production system of Aspergillus oryaze glucoamylase in submerged culture under tyrosinase-encoding gene (melO) promoter control Index.


Purpose: To report a case of corneal opacity improved by treatment of demodex blepharitis. Case summary: A 50-year-old female who received sub-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap surgery was referred to our clinic with corneal opacity and neovascularization in her left eye. Her visual acuity was 0.5. Telangiectasis of the eyelid margin and meibomian gland dysfunction were observed. Seven Demodex folliculorum were found in 4 eyelashes of the left eye. Lid scrub with 0.4% polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and ointment containing dexamethasone was started for demodex blepharitis treatment. After 6 months of treatment, the number of Demodex folliculorum was decreased to 2 and the best corrected visual acuity was 0.8. Corneal opacity and neovascularization were also improved. Conclusions: The present study showed that demodex blepharitis can induce atypical corneal opacity and neovascularization after LASIK surgery. Evaluation and treatment of demodex blepharitis in these patients is important. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(10):1558-1561


This article reports on a finite element analysis assisted optimisation strategy for a moving iron, transverse flux, short stroke linear generator for free-piston Stirling engine applications. The optimisation goal is to maximise the power-to-weight ratio while maintaining preset power and efficiency levels. The topology and the implementation of the optimisation strategy are described, followed by results for and a discussion of a 3 kW version.


This article describes the application of the Frequency Locked Loop (FLL) in the Consumption Peak Load Control (PLC). The digital content of FLL represents the main information for optimal control. Particular significance was given to the description of the extended FLL, which is suitable for this application. Detailed solutions of FLL input module and FLL adjustments are given. The performances of the realized PLC System are demonstrated by the graphics, which are recorded on the applied PLC System. Streszczenie. W tym artykule opisano zastosowanie Frequency Locked Loop (FLL) do sterowania obciązeniem szczytowym Peak Load Control (PLC). Szczegolne znaczenie nadano opisowi rozszerzonego FLL, ktory jest odpowiedni dla tej aplikacji. Podano szczegolowe rozwiązania w module FLL wejściowych i korekt FLL . PLC. (Zastosowanie Frequency Locked Loop w kontroli zuzycia obciązenia szczytowego).


The key to estimating dissolved and non-dissolved inorganic carbon in saline-alkali soil is understanding the processes of carbonate accumulation.In order to effectively quantify inorganic carbon composition and their ages in saline-alkali soil,the paper introduced a convenient way to determine soil dissolved and non-dissolved inorganic content in these soils.Dynamics of soil inorganic carbon was separated by leaching soil,and inorganic carbon ages were determined by ~(14)C isotope technology in this study.The results showed that average values of both dissolved and non-dissolved inorganic carbon contents in saline soil were higher than in alkaline soil.Through analyzing dissolved and non-dissolved inorganic carbon storages in saline and alkaline soil profiles at different depths,the paper found that there was significant soil dissolved inorganic carbon and soil non-dissolved inorganic carbon storage below 1 m depth:SIC and SDIC storage below 1 m depth accounted for more than 80%of that for the soil profile, and more than 50%carbon storage was below 3 m depth.At the same depth,the dissolved inorganic carbon storage is approximately 30%of the non-dissolved inorganic carbon storage.Clearly,most of this dissolved inorganic carbon cannot be in a stable form.The mean resident time of carbon in the saline and alkaline soil profiles were more than 10 000 years,and the mean resident time of soil dissolved inorganic carbon was significandy shorter than soil inorganic carbon.These conclusions were indicated that the faster turnover and higher input rate of soil dissolved inorganic carbon was proved though soil dissolved inorganic carbon storage was small in saline-alkali soils.So,soil dissolved inorganic carbon as an important fraction of the modern carbon cycle contribution is obvious higher than soil inorganic carbon.


Analysis of the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) exactness in some homogeneous spaces is attempted. CPN as well as its noncompact counterpart DN,1 is studied. U(N+1) or U(N,1) based on the Schwinger bosons leads us to CPN or DN,1 path integral expression for the quantity tr e−iHT, with the aid of coherent states. The WKB approximation terminates in the leading order and yields the exact result provided that the Hamiltonian is given by a bilinear form of the creation and the annihilation operators. An argument on the WKB exactness to more general cases is also made.


[Abstract] We use 'Micro-Tom' to study tomato fruit ripening and development mechanisms. 7 'Micro-Tom' is suitable for cultivation and experiments due to its small size of 10 to 20 cm in 8 height and short life cycle of 3 months. There is also an abundance of publically available 9 information on 'Micro-Tom' including EST, full-length cDNA clones and transcriptome data. 10 'Micro-Tom' plants are grown in hydroponic culture under fluorescents using Arabidopsis cultural 11 shelves in greenhouses or plant rooms to get data with reproducibility for transcriptome and 12 proteome analyses.


The prospects of development of in-phase Ka-band HPM oscillators based on relativistic BWOs without electrodynamic coupling are considered. Efficient RF power summation is possible if the phase spread in each channel will be at least ten times less than the period of carrier microwave frequency. Two approaches on construction of parallel, in-phased relativistic BWOs are compared. The system involving two independent high voltage PDFL generators with a gas discharge switches triggered by splitting electron beam appears to be not profitable energetically as compare to the version where electron injectors of two BWOs are supplied by splitting pulse from a single, more powerful high-voltage generator. For the last option it has been demonstrated already that mutual stability of current fronts of parallel e-beams attains units of picoseconds. This fact we used earlier in the experiments with two X-band BWOs [1] where phasing spread of microwave pulses did not exceed 2 ps. Report presents future options of similar experimental Ka-band devices being under development now.


The problem of forecasting of demand development in a competitive commercial retail chain is considered. The matrix and differential games are formulated. The determining results of the market share and recommendations on the deal with available funds are given.


Commonwealth Office files generated by a variety of British colonial governments, which eventually found their way to Britain. More than 300 of these files cover the work of the Cyprus government in the late 1920s and the 1930s. These include material on memorials on the union of Cyprus with Greece in the late 1920s, proposals for constitutional reform, the use of troops and police in local disturbances in the early 1930s, school reforms, economic development programmes, the 1931 crisis and its aftermath, measures taken to suppress Communism on the island, the Archiepiscopal vacancy, the formation of trade unions, reports on the political situation on the island, and the political activities of the Cypriot community in London. But anyone wishing to use these files will find their path impeded by the fact that a considerable number of them, although listed in the National Archives' catalogue, are still closed. Some are likely to remain so until at least the middle of the twenty-first century unless researchers can successfully thread their way through the often frustrating procedures of the Freedom of Information Act. To what extent the information in these files might cause Rappas to modify his conclusions will remain an open question until someone examines them, but my instinct is that, although these documents may shed light on matters of detail, they are unlikely to compel the author to change the basic outline of his story.


Objective: To observe the facilitative function of wound healing through bioactive glass material in Susscrota domestica. Method: Fourteen pig models of skin wounds with loss of their full-thickness layers ( each pig with 6 wounds of 3cm×3cm) were estab- lished for the observation of the effects on the wound healing. The biological active glass materials were fully sprinkled into the impinge- ments. Results: The healing time of experimental and blank group were 23.19±1.27d and 29.52±1.54d, respectively (P0.05). The heal- ing rate was significantly higher and the healing time was significantly shorter in the experimental group than in the control group (P 0.05). The histological examination demonstrated that the epithelialization condition was also much better in the experimental group. Conclusion: The bioactive glass material may be considered as a prospective method in promoting the healing of wound with a loss of full-thickness skin.


From the basic equations of fluid dynamics, an equation is derived for acoustic scattering from the velocity and temperature fields of a drifting blob of air turbulence. With the aid of the Born approximation, the equation is then solved for scattering from the mean and turbulent portions of both fields, and the time autocorrelation and power spectral density of the received signal are calculated. The mean velocity and temperature fields, as well as the corresponding turbulence intensity distributions, are allowed to be spatially nonuniform. The turbulent fields are required to be only locally homogeneous and, because of the nonzero drift, locally stationary. It is shown that the common practice of representing antenna patterns by either truncating the flow or tapering the strength of the flow is, at least in the case of the transmitting pattern, not a bad approximation. Spectral broadening of the received signal due to convection of the small scattering eddies by macroeddies and by the mean flow is modeled, and the broadening by macroeddy convection is seen to render negligible the broadening which arises from the drift of the target flow through the antenna beam. The analysis reveals that only for target flows having a high degree of spatial uniformity and/or symmetry does the received positive‐frequency power spectral density turn out to be symmetrical about a center frequency.


The overall effect of temperature gradients is stressed for the Earth's core and surface, but also for the Sun's surface. Using Rayleigh–Bénard convection in helium and mercury, we measured all of the scaling properties of the period-doubling cascade and quasiperiodicity. Hard turbulence scaling properties are presented in an experiment using helium gas at low temperature. A 2/7 scaling law is measured and also an exponential distribution for temperature fluctuations is observed. We present a study of a Rayleigh–Bénard convection cell with an open top and a floater. One of the simplest limit cycles is observed for the floater position. It follows a model proposed by Wilson for continents motion. Using the Soret effect, we study how temperature differences lead to strong accumulation of DNA suspensions. Also using polyethylene glycol concentration gradients, we measured local DNA and RNA accumulation. Finally, using thermal convection, we build one of the smallest PCR machines. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 is March 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


The basic principles and elements of macroprudential regulatory framework that began to be implemented in Ukraine in order to reduce systemic financial risks and maintain a system-wide financial stability have observed the article. Particular attention is paid to the countercyclical macroprudential regulation, aimed at the accumulation of financial imbalances risks that strengthening cyclical movement of financial system. The urgency of expansion of the macro-prudential policies perimeter on the basis of the extent of coverage they select financial institutions and financial infrastructure in Ukraine have analyzed. The models of organization and functions of macroprudential regulation and trends in the formation of such a model in Ukraine have identified. In accordance with the principles of building an efficient model for reduction of systemic financial risk the most optimal variants of the organizational architecture for the prudential regulation of domestic financial sector have identified.


Through testing the patio and indoor thermal environment of the traditional building in Huizhou and simulating test data with Airpak software, the paper analyzed indoor air environment of traditional architecture with patio in Huizhou area, and the influence of the patio cover on the wind pressure ventilation of the traditional architecture, and get the reasonable choice of the patio cover height, the opening area and the direction which provide help and reference for the traditional architectural design and reconstruction.


The nutritional contribution of human colonic function has been poorly appreciated. As well as absorbing the equivalent of a daily oral intake of sodium and water, other minerals can be absorbed. Up to 10% of energy requirements may come from carbohydrate entering the colon, fermentation to short chain fatty acids that are absorbed being intermediate steps. The role of the large intestine in nitrogen and fat metabolism is unknown, as is its contribution to vitamin supplies.


This report describes the production of EURM-020, a fish tissue material certified for the identification of the fish species Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Atlantic halibut). This material was produced following ISO 17034:2016 and is certified in accordance with ISO Guide 35:2017. The material was produced from one fillet originating from a single fish which was genetically identified as Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Atlantic halibut). In facilitating storage, handling and shipment, the fish fillet was cut into small pieces, slowly dried using a freeze drying process and cryogenically milled to obtain a fine powder. The powder was bottled, and the bottles were closed under an argon atmosphere to ensure the conservation of the material. In storing the material, the bottles were placed at 4 °C. The fish species present in EURM-020 was determined to be Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Atlantic halibut) via genetic identification based upon the sequencing results of two specific regions of mitochondrial DNA (also called DNA barcodes): the cytochrome b gene (cytb) and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI). Between-unit homogeneity was established by evaluating the quality and quantity of the extracted DNA from multiple bottles. In addition, the two DNA barcodes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analysed by bi-directional Sanger sequencing for each bottle sampled. The stability during dispatch and storage was assessed through quantification of extracted DNA by UV spectrophotometry, and gel-electrophoresis of the extracted DNA and PCR products of the two DNA barcodes. The process was conducted following ISO Guide 35:2017. The material was characterised based on a comparison of measurements produced by two laboratories with demonstrated competencies and adhering to ISO/IEC 17025. Data analysis and species identification was completed at the JRC. The material is certified for its identity which was verified with two different mitochondrial DNA based methods. It is unlikely that there is an alternative species that shares both the sequences of the cytb and COI gene barcode regions with the species in EURM-020. Consequently, there is no doubt regarding the certified identity, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, for EURM-020 and the uncertainties of the certified value relating to inhomogeneity, instability and characterisation are negligible. The material is intended for the quality control or assessment of method performance. As with any reference material, it can be used for validation studies. EURM-020 is available in glass vials containing at least 200 mg of dried Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Atlantic halibut) powder. The minimum amount of sample to be used is 7 mg. CERTIFICATION REPORT The certification of the genetic identification of a Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Atlantic halibut) fish powder: EURM®-020 A.M. Kortekaas, H. Leys, J. Seghers, S. Trapmann European Commission, Joint Research Centre Directorate F – Health, Consumers and Reference Materials Geel, Belgium


Packaged food products often undergo retort processing, a thermal processing in a pressurized vessel called a retort, to ensure their microbiological safety or shelf-stability under normal non-refrigerated conditions of storage and distribution. Retort processing is generally aimed to accomplish commercial sterility of packaged foods with acceptable nutritional and sensorial qualities. Fundamental principles on retort processing, such as thermal resistance kinetics of target microorganism, heat penetration theory, and methods for evaluating process sterility and food quality loss, were reviewed. Factors affecting process severity, heat transfer mechanism, and heat penetration efficiency were summarized. General features of retortable packaging formats including metal cans, glass jars, and plastic packages were also briefly reviewed.


The search for eco-friendly and less expensive fillers and additives has necessitated the use of renewable natural resources of plant origin in rubber compounding. This research work utilized carbonized pawpaw (Carica papaya) seeds as filler in natural rubber compounds in a bid to determining the reinforcing potentials. The carbonized pawpaw seeds (CPS) and dried raw pawpaw seeds (RPS) were separately pulverized, screened with a 75 μm sized test sieve and incorporated into natural rubber, Standard Nigerian Rubber (SNR 10), loaded between 0 – 50 parts per hundred (Phr) of the rubber. The cure characteristics, physicomechanical properties as well as the percentage swelling characteristics of vulcanizates were measured as a function of filler loading and compared with the values obtained using industrial grade carbon black (N330) as a standard reinforcing filler. Results showed that the CPS and RPS filled SNR 10 influenced the cure characteristics and physicomechanical properties of rubber vulcanizates. The scorch and cure times of the vulcanizates decreased as filler loading is increased while maximum torque increased with increase in filler loading. Tensile strength and modulus at 100% strain for all SNR 10 filled vulcanizates increased to optimum level at 40 phr respectively, thereafter decreased, and elongation at break decreased as filler loading is increased. The hardness and abrasion resistance of the vulcanizates increased with increase in filler loading, while compression set and percentage swelling in both petroleum and aromatic solvents decreased as filler loading is increased. The vulcanizates tend to swell more in aromatic solvents than in petroleum solvents. Percentage swelling of the vulcanizates (N330 – SNR 10 toluene > kerosene > diesel solvents. The research work showed that CPS and RPS fillers exhibited considerable reinforcing potentials but somewhat inferior to carbon black, N330.
Keywords: Natural rubber, pawpaw seeds, fillers, vulcanizates and reinforcement.


PM2.5 is a main atmospheric pollutant in China, and coal burning is a main emission source of PM2.5. At present, PM2.5 emission characteristics of the coal-fired fluidized-bed boiler are less to date, especially those of the coal-fired BFB (bubbling fluidized-bed) boiler. In this work, number and mass size distributions, microstructures and elemental compositions of PM2.5 produced from a coal-fired CFB (circulating fluidized-bed) boiler and a coal-fired BFB boiler before and after FF (fabric filter) were studied. Number size distributions of PM2.5 produced from the CFB boiler before and after FF are both unimodal, but the ones of PM2.5 produced from the BFB boiler before and after FF are both bimodal. Mass size distributions of PM2.5 produced from the CFB boiler and the BFB boiler before and after FF show no peak. Microstructures of PM2.5 produced from the CFB boiler are almost all irregular in shape, but the ones produced from the BFB boiler are mainly spherical and irregular. The contents of Si and Al i...


In order to reduce the delay of vehicles passing through junction, the signal timing of agent controlled intersection was optimized by Q-Learning approach. On the basis of fuzzy rule set, the effect of signal control was improved through optimizing the combination of control rules with Q-Learning. The result of simulation illustrates that the signal control method based on Q-Learning is better than fixed-time control, actuated control and signal control based on genetic algorithms. The result of this research indicates that the signal control method based on Q-Learning is adapted to the urban traffic control.


The invention discloses an additive for a golden camellia cigarette, a preparation method of the additive for the golden camellia cigarette and the application of the additive for the golden camellia cigarette. The additive for the golden camellia cigarette is composed of, by weight, 20-60% of golden camellia extract and 40-80% of honey through mixing. A preparation process of the golden camellia extract comprises the steps that golden camellia is obtained, reflux extraction is conducted on the obtained golden camellia once, or twice or three times after 30-90% ethyl alcohol is added to the obtained golden camellia, the volume of the 30-90% ethyl alcohol added to the golden camellia each time is 5-15 times that of the golden camellia, the reflux extraction is conducted for 1-3 hours each time, filtering is conducted, obtained filter liquors are mixed, pressure-reduction concentration is conduct until thick paste is obtained, and finally the golden camellia extract is obtained. According to the application of the additive for the golden camellia cigarette, the additive for the golden camellia cigarette is dissolved in 80% ethyl alcohol so that a saturated solution can be formed, and then the saturated solution is evenly sprayed on cigarette tobacco shreds, or stem shreds or tobacco sheets, wherein the weight of the saturated solution sprayed on the cigarette tobacco shreds, or the stem shreds or the tobacco sheets is 0.01-5% of the weight of the cigarette tobacco shreds, or the stem shreds or the tobacco sheets. The prepared additive for the golden camellia cigarette is a Chinese-style cigarette fragrance additive which is environmentally friendly and purely natural, the taste of tobacco products can be improved, the fragrance of the tobacco products is balanced, the remaining taste of the tobacco products is comfortable, the smoke of the tobacco products is soft, and stimulation of the smoke to the respiratory system of a smoker can be effectively reduced.


The residual stress in plasma polymerized films and its annealing effect were measured by employing the Newton ring method. The plasma polymerized films studied were hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS), norbornadiene (NBD), and acryronitrile (AN) films. The stress in the film is compressive, and this compressive stress changes into tensile stress by annealing treatment. The ESR measurement indicates that the annealing effect on the stress is due to the trapped radical reaction. From the thermal stress measurement, the thermal expansion coefficient and Young's modulus have also been obtained; Young's modulus is in the order of magnitude of 108g/cm2 with HMDS and NBD films, and the thermal expansion coefficient is in the order of magnitude of 10−5 deg−1 with HMDS and NBD films. These values are much different from those of conventional polymer. This is attributed to the highly crosslinked structure of the films.


The invention provides a method for treating wastewater generated by a cyclohexanone ammoximation process, which comprises the following steps: performing advanced oxidation reaction on the wastewater to be treated; and then, adopting a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to perform treatment. The method firstly adopts an advanced oxidation method to carry out oxidation reaction on organic matters in the wastewater generated by the cyclohexanone ammoximation process so as to improve the biodegradability of the wastewater and reduce the content of the organic matters in the wastewater simultaneously, and then adopts a treatment method of the SBR to further remove the organic matters in the wastewater and remove ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater, so that the treated wastewater meets the requirement of up-to-standard discharge.


This Technical Support Document (TSD) describes the process, methodology and assumptions for development of the 50% Energy Savings Design Technology Packages for Highway Lodging Buildings, a design guidance document intended to provide recommendations for achieving 50% energy savings in highway lodging properties over the energy-efficiency levels contained in ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings.


Introduction: With advances in technology allowing information to be readily accessed, scientific articles published today must undergo rigorous analysis and criticism in order to maintain a high quality of scientific information.
Methods: A non-systematic literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted to identify relevant articles or publisher resources that had been published prior January 2019.
Results: The peer review process is an integral part of academia to ensure the quality and standard of published material is maintained. Based on the literature, this guide focuses on the importance of the peer review process and how to conduct a peer review.
Discussion: Without thorough critical appraisal of works prior to publication, it is difficult to ensure published material meets the expected standards and papers are not influenced by biases or other factors that can reduce the quality of work. Student participation in the peer review process will not only allow participants to gain vital experience for their science careers but will also play an integral role in ensuring materials can be published.


(57) Abstract: useful in slurry or gas phase olefin polymerization, catalysts are prepared by the combination of a Group 4 metal in the organic metal complex and so-called ionic activators deposited on a metal oxide support . Organometallic complexes, that do not cross-linked, and characterized by having a cyclopentadienyl ligand, a phosphine imine ligand and activatable ligand. "Ionic activator" [eg, triphenylcarbenium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) boron] simultaneously attaching together an organometallic complex. Metal oxide support, for example, pre-treated with at least equal amounts of alkyl aluminum to the molar concentration of surface hydroxyls on the support. Catalyst produced by this method are very active against ethylene polymerization.


INTRODUCTION: Colorectal carcinoma is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy. Mainstay of treatment is surgical excision. Surgical procedures include anterior resection (AR) with or without diversion colostomy (DC), abdominoperineal resection (APR) with end colostomy (EC) and palliative colostomy. All these surgeries are associated with intraoperative as well as postoperative complications. The aims and objectives of the present study were to analyse the complications during early (up to first 2 weeks) and late (>2 weeks and follow-up) postoperative period and complications related to abdominal and perineal incision sites and colostomy. MATERIAL & METHODS: It was a prospective study conducted RNT Medical College from June, 2008 to February, 2011 on 56 patients who had confirmed rectal biopsy of carcinoma rectum and underwent surgery either definitive or palliative. Details regarding operative procedure and early and late complications were noted. RESULTS: Out of 56 patients, 36 were males and 20 were females. Curative resection was done in 26 patients (17 APR & 9 AR). Early complications observed were colostomy related (21.5%), perineal wound related (11.7%), urinary infection (8.9%), abdominal wound related (3.6%) and urinary incontinence in 3.5%. Most common colostomy related complication was peristomal skin irritation. Recurrence during the study period was seen in 6 patients and mortality rate was 14.2%. CONCLUSION: Carcinoma rectum shows male preponderance with no significant difference in complications depending on gender. Early diagnosis of rectal cancer is important to avoid or minimised nature and severity of post operative complications. This is possible only when patients are aware of preventive measures and approached doctors for slightest change in bowel habits.


This article is framed around a series of questions posed to an audience at the BMUS Annual Scientific Meeting, Harrogate, in December 2007. The audience answers are presented after each question, followed by an explanation for some of the diagnostic issues faced on a day to day basis on early pregnancy units.


Global
economic growth has stimulated the growth of international trade, leading to
more maritime transport activities. However, in a complex and high-risk
environment at sea, heavy ship accidents are difficult to eliminate. In order
to prevent ship accidents more effectively, this paper attempts using Bayesian
network model to construct the dependence relationship among ship's inherent properties (ship age, ship flag,
classification society, ship size and types), Port State Control (PSC)
inspection defect items, accident and consequences. In addition, the model can be continuously updated as the
external environment changes.


This paper examines the associativity of geographic data to their reference as a result of work being done to implement positional accuracy improvement throughout Great Britain, with the goal to bring traditionally surveyed topographic maps to meter-accuracy against GPS. A particular methodology to analyze and store relationships between features, the Associativity Model, is presented along with first test results.


Creative problem-solving requires both exploratory and evaluative thinking skills. The contextual, open-ended nature of creative tasks makes them uniquely challenging to teach and learn. People tend to under-explore in problem-solving, using the most available representation of a problem and hindering potentially more creative solutions. My dissertation examines how inventive scaffolds provide feedback between the exploration and evaluation processes of creative problem-solving, potentially amplifying creativity of solutions. I investigate this through two interventions. First, interactive guidance and adaptive suggestions embodied in the CritiqueKit system to improve critique and evaluation of creative work. Second, problem-framing scaffolds to reduce fixation and enhance exploration. My research demonstrates methods for increasing human inventiveness with relevance in creative education and the design of creativity support interfaces.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:The standard of care for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is radical nephroureterectomy; however, certain patient populations such patients with significant medica...