The research aims at: first the effects of Course Review Horay and Talking Stick learning methods towards Social Science learning result.; second the effect of high or low learning interest towards Social Science learning result; third the interaction effect between Course Review Horay and Talking Stick learning methods and Social Science learning result. The research population is all students of grade V at SD Negeri Kecamatan Kedunggalar, Ngawi, East Java, in Academic Year 2017/2018. The research uses stratified cluster random sampling. The samples are 101 students which consists of 50 students for experimental class and 51 students for control class.The research instruments are social science test result and questionnaire of students' learning interest.Hypothesis testing uses variance analysis (anava) with two different cell paths. The research conclusion is as follows: first, there is an effect of Course Review Horay and Talking Stick learning methods towards Social Science learning result, second there is an effect between students who have high or low learning interest and Social Science learning result, third there is no interaction between course review horay and talking stick learning methods and learning interest. Social science learning result using course review horay learning method is better than social science learning result using talking stick learning method. Students are advised to be confident in participating in classroom learning. Students who actively participate during the learning process, so that students can understand meaningfully the material presented by the teacher.


The materials of activity IPC RAS and PA "MAYAK" on working of a waste actinide immobilization method carried out within the framework of the project ISTC No. 504 presented in the report. The designed matrixes on the basis of basalt and uranium and thorium chromiteniobates allow to fix plutonium up to 20 % wt. Thus the leaching rates of the obtained materials are 10 -7 - 10 -8 g/cm 2 • day. It was shown that the glasses would be formed at the introducing the boric oxide in matrices on the basis of basalt. These glasses slowly crystallize at the presence of the most quantity of plutonium. However the crystallization influences on the leaching rate a little. Besides, the bases of manufacturing rock casting protective containers were designed within the framework of the multibarrier conception.


One of the purposes of these high expansion foam systems is to reduce the extent of the hazardous vapor cloud generated during an accidental LNG release. Should the LNG ignite, these systems serve the additional function of controlling the LNG fire and minimizing its radiation to the surroundings. Foam generators have been installed along the tops of dike walls surrounding some LNG storage tanks, and around other fenced containment areas where LNG may be accidentally released, such as LNG pump pits and pipe rack trenches. To date there are no technically justifiable guidelines for the design and installation of these systems. Furthermore, there are no models that may be used describe the vapor source so as to be able to predict the reduction in the hazardous vapor cloud zone when high expansion foam is applied to an LNG spill. Information is essential not only for the optimal design of high expansion foam systems, but also for comparing the cost effectiveness of alternative LNG vapor mitigation measures.


Introduction. 1. Women and the Criminal Justice System: Discipline and Punish. 2. From Court to Prison: Women on the Edge of Time. 3. Prison Life: Now You See Me Now You Don't. 4. Counting the Cost of Imprisonment: Speaking Up? 5. Health Care and the Cost of Imprisonment. 6. Within These Walls: Older Women in Custody. 7. Forget Me Not: Criminal Women. 8. Responses to Ageing: Women in the Criminal Justice System. Index.


As a result of remote control and automation, the urban infrastructure becomes extremely vulnerable to intrusions, attacks, human errors, accidents that are growing. Due to the concentration of local and global computer networks, systems and software, the "cyber risk" of the municipal economy is multiplicative, which makes it systemic and international. Its essence is manifested both at the national and global levels through the impact on business, municipal and state authorities. Today, the existing pandemic contributes to an increase in the number of cyberattacks, which indicates an even greater cyber vulnerability of municipal administrations and public authorities. Coronavirus COVID-19 has become a tool for hacker attacks on users and enterprises. The purpose of the article is to determine, based on a systematic analysis of the new cyber risks of the municipal economy that arose during the pandemic, to formulate our own views on the classification and methods of counteracting municipal organizations and enterprises. According to experts, since the beginning of this year, thousands of domains associated with coronavirus have been registered in the world. This number also includes sites of various hacker groups that offer information about coronavirus, masks, or quick treatment methods. In fact, these phishing sites are used by hackers to extort money or steal confidential, as well as commercial information. The main types of attacks that increase the threat and actually create a "cyber infection" are noted. Based on the material of this article and the experience of the authors, measures are proposed that ensure the safety of municipal enterprises, which should be carried out in the first place. Strict measures in IT management during a crisis are also recognized as undeniable and necessary. Such as help from cyber experts and help for cyber experts; preservation of evidence of intrusion, staff training, accumulation of experience to accelerate progress in work. Remote work during a pandemic can make it difficult for IT staff to monitor cyber risks, since many of these risks go beyond the financial or technical capabilities of municipalities. Therefore, based on these proposals for the safety of municipal enterprises, an integrated approach to cyber risks is proposed, including an emergency response plan. Based on international experience, the possibility of insuring municipal enterprises and organizations against potential losses associated with cyber attacks by hackers, as well as to eliminate the consequences of these attacks, is also noted.
Keywords: cyber-security, cyber-risk, municipal economy, "phishing", pandemic, Covid-19


Water shortage is a serious problem for socio-economic sustainable development in northwest China.The classic IPAT equation was extended to four kinds of factors in the analysis of water use,including population,affluence,water use intensity and industrial structure,then the structural decomposition model was applied to decompose the contribution of the four different factors on water use change and obtain the impact of different factors on water use change.Water use in Gansu province from 1999 to 2008 was analyzed by the model.The results showed that:the increase of water use is most influenced by affluence,and the top was 2.107 billion m3 one year(2003-2004);the impact of population on the water system had relatively small effect,which was less than 100 million m3;although both improving water use efficiency and changing industrial structure could reduce total water use,the decrease of water use is more influenced by changing the industrial structure.In addition,simply improving water use efficiency or adjusting industrial structure cannot make social-economic development come true under the constraint of environment.Thus,in order to meet the growing demand of people,it is not enough to only improve water use efficiency and adjust industrial structure to achieve optimal allocation of water resources.The more important point is to adjust development ideas,and harmonious development can be realized only when man and nature are rightly positioned.


Objective To study the correlation between the expressions of both pleitropin (PTN) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) to the clinicopathological features of patients with breast cancer. Methods The pathological specimens were collected from 103 cases of invasive breast cancer, including 51 cases of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC, i.e. all the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 were negatively expressed) and 52 cases of non-TNBC. Ten specimens of paraneoplastic tissue were also collected as controls. The expressions of PTN and MMP2 were detected with immunohistochemical method, and the correlation of PTN and MMP2 expressions to the clinicopathological features of breast cancer (age, tumor size, histopathological grading and axillary lymph node metastases) was assessed. Results Among the 103 patients with breast cancer, no statistical difference was found between TNBC group and non-TNBC group in age of onset, tumor size and the axillary lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05), but significant difference was found in histopathological grading (P < 0.05). The positive rate of PTN expression was 83.5% (86/103), and of MMP2 expression was 68% (70/103), and no significant difference was found between TNBC group and non-TNBC group. The expressions of PTN and MMP2 were correlated with the age of onset, histopathological grading and axillary lymph node metastasis, but showed poor consistency in breast cancer (Kappa coefficient=0.1817, 95% CI=-0.0091-0.3726; Z=2.0212, P=0.0433). Conclusions The expression of PTN and MMP2 is correlated with the age, histopathological grading and axillary lymph node metastasis of patients with invasive breast cancer, and not correlated with TNBC. The expression of PTN and MMP2 shows poor consistency in invasive breast cancer.


By studying the past and existing theoretical achievements and the development trend in science in the 20th century, this article puts forward a new approach for ancient literature studies. It involves three points: broadening social-culture research of classical literature, inheriting and developing the tradition of combining literature and history, exploring history-culture research method of classical literature; intensifying the world wide communication in classical literature studies and advocating an international academic vision; trying to look for more new research materials.


In the following paragraphs, the writers of this paper endeavour to give a brief personal identity and the pupils" and students" point of view or understanding of who they think they are. All the participants gave a concise description about themselves (who am I?). These thoughts are given in line with each participants; understanding of the concept of identity (who each one thinks he/she really is and/or is perceived to be by others). As a guide to the shared thoughts, identities are the traits and characteristics, social relations, roles, and social group memberships that define who one is. Identities can be focused on the past (what used to be true of one), the present (what is true of one now), or the future (the person one expects or wishes to become), the person one feels obligated to try to become, and/or the person one fears one may become. Identities are orienting, they provide a meaning therebymaking lens and focus one's attention on some but not other features of the immediate context.


Nowadays the high availability of more powerful portable devices paves the way to a new set of applications for a wide range of human activities. One important area of applications is related to road safety services, where human life is at stake. This paper describes an automated mobile system for the support of rescue and safety services personnel, as ambulance crew, fire brigades, and so on. The system is designed to accomplish several goals: to facilitate the rescue mission, to give update to a mission control center, to communicate additional information to rescue crew, to automate mission management. The work described in this paper has been accomplished in the framework of the European project GST.


Modern web applications are dominated by HTTP/HTTPS messages that consist of one or more headers, where most of the exploits and payloads can be injected by attackers. According to the OWASP, the 80 percent of the web attacks are done through HTTP/HTTPS requests queries. In this paper, we present a deep learning based web application attacks detection model. The model uses auto-encoder that can learn from the sequences of word and weight each word or character according to them. The classification engine is trained on ECML-KDD dataset for classification of anomaly queries with respect to specific attack type. The proposed web application detection engine is trained with anomaly and benign web queries to achieve the accuracy of receiver operating characteristic curve of 1. The experimental results show that the proposed model can detect web applications attack successfully with low false positive rate.


Electrical systems are gradually replacing the more traditional hydraulic and pneumatic solutions for the transmission of secondary energy for onboard aircraft equipment. Therefore fault detection and health management strategies properly conceived for electrical devices are becoming a highly relevant topic for research and development in the aerospace disciplines. One possible practical implementation of these methodologies would be the identification of parameters for diagnostic and prognostic monitoring, which are highly sensitive to incipient faults but, at the same time, are less influenced by operating conditions (external loads, command input, temperatures, etc.). In this paper, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of counter-electromotive force (back-EMF) coefficient as a prognostic parameter, emphasizing a novel sampling approach that significantly lower the computational effort required while maintaining a good back-EMF coefficient curve reconstruction. The approach is virtual sensor-like, using only already available data for the correct operation of the BLDC motor. The proposed method was tested by evaluating the back-EMF coefficient reconstruction as a function of some progressive failures typical of EMA motors, such as inter-turn partial shorts and rotor static eccentricity. Its robustness to external disturbances has been tested by evaluating different actuation commands and operating conditions. As expected, the back-EMF signal shows a marked dependence on the considered failure modes and, at the same time, a suitable insensitivity to the other external factors.


Philosophical and pedagogical and methodological mechanisms removing stereotypes of personality perception of other ethnic groups' representatives, including the principles, requirements, learning process instrumentation are considered.


Investigation of the carbohydrate methabolism was done in 97 patients with active acromegalyincluding 21 de novo acromegaly patients. Effects of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 andprolactin on sensitivity to insulin and β-sell function were determined due to analysis of associationsof those hormones with insulin and HOMA indices. The role of permanent hypersomatotropinemy inthe pathogenesis of insulin-resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemy in patients with acromegalywas discussed.


The work aims to improve surface hardness and wear resistance of copper alloys. A Ni/Cu-Cr3C2/Co gradient coating was prepared successfully on the surface of copper alloy by combining laser alloying and laser cladding technologies. Phase composition and microstructure of the gradient coating were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron micro第 47 卷 第 8 期 赵健等:铜材表面激光合金化和激光熔覆制备 Ni/Cu-Cr3C2/Co 梯度涂层 ·163· scope, energy dispersive spectrometer, etc. Microhardness and wear resistance of the gradient coating were evaluated by hardness test and friction-wear test. The alloying transition layer was dense and had a single columnar crystal structure, and phases were mainly composed of α-(Cu,Ni), Ni3Al and NiAl. Undissolved Cr3C2 particles were distributed in the Cr3C2/Co composite cladding layers. A large number of rod-like (or needle-like) M23C6 and M7C3 carbides centered around the undissolved Cr3C2 particles, which could effectively improve hardness of the cladding layer. Microhardness of the gradient coating gradually increased from the 80HV (substrate) to 640HV (cladding layer), and friction-wear loss of the gradient coating was only 1/8 of copper substrate. There was much debris on the worn surface of copper substrate due to massive destruction, and its wear mechanism was mainly adhesive wear. Due to weak internal bonding force, a large number of fatigue wear surfaces appeared on the Cr3C2/Co sprayed coating, and the wear mechanism was surface fatigue wear. However, worn surface of the Ni/Cu-Cr3C2/Co gradient coating was relatively smooth, there were some slight "furrows", and its wear mechanism was typical abrasive wear. Because of the existence of Cr3C2, M23C6 and M7C3 phases, microhardness and wear resistance of the gradient coating are significantly improved. Meanwhile, composition and properties of the coating show a certain gradient change, which improves the compatibility between copper substrate and coating.


Over the past week, I have had calls and e-mails regarding anthracnose top dieback in corn. First, a word of caution: Not all top dieback is caused by the anthracnose pathogen. Death of top leaves may be due to one or more of several factors that include hybrid characteristics, environmental stress, and corn borer damage. Bob Nielsen at Purdue University discusses these various factors in an article titled Top Leaf Death in Corn.


Cardiac involvement may occur in many forms of muscular dystrophy (MD). While cardiac disease may progress to warrant heart transplantation (HTx), there may be contraindications related to extra‐cardiac disease including pulmonary and skeletal muscle involvement that limit overall survival and impairs post‐transplant rehabilitation efforts. This study describes the MD HTx experience at a single high‐volume center.


We have simulated, by ab initio molecular dynamics (MD), the entire phase-change (PC) cycle in Ge-Sb-Te (GST) materials. Rapid quenching from the melt results in the formation of the amorphous state but, on slower cooling, the models crystallize into the metastable rocksalt crystalline phase. Thermal annealing of the quenched amorphous models also results in crystallization to the same polymorph. Significant numbers of connected, near-planar 4-membered (square) rings exist in the liquid state, and are quenched into the amorphous solid. The presence of these crystal seeds is responsible for the rapid, homogeneously-nucleated crystallization behaviour characteristic of GST PC memory materials.


This paper examines the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Taiwan from 1962 to 1998. Using a four-variable VAR model, the competing hypotheses of demand-following versus supply-leading are empirically tested. The results from Granger causality tests based on vector error-correction models (VECM) suggest unidirectional causality running from financial development (measured as the ratio of M2 to GDP) to economic growth. This result supports the supply-leading hypothesis for Taiwan. This finding highlights the importance of financial development in Taiwan's recent growth.


We report the synthesis of a hexabenzoperihexacene (HBPH) with two incorporated octacene substructures, which was unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis, revealing its nonplanar structure in a racemic mixture. The theoretical isomerization barrier of the (P,P)-/(P,M)-forms was estimated to be 38.4 kcal/mol, and resolution was achieved by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Notably, the enantiomers exhibited opposite circular dichroism responses up to the near-infrared (NIR) region (830 nm) with a high gabs value of 0.017 at 616 nm. Moreover, HBPH demonstrated NIR emission with a maximum at 798 nm and an absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 41%. The excited-state photophysical properties of HBPH were investigated by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, revealing an intriguing feature that was attributed to the rotational and/or conformational dynamics of HBPH after excitation. These results provide new insight into the design of chiral nanographene with NIR optical properties for potential chiroptical applications.


Soybean seeds are a major source of protein, but contain low levels of sulfur-containing amino acids. With the objective of studying the sulfur assimilation pathway of soybean, a full-length cDNA clone for 5 0-adenylylsulfate reductase (APS reductase) was isolated and characterized. The cDNA clone contained an open reading frame of 1414 bp encoding a 52 kDa protein with a N-terminal chloroplast/ plastid transit peptide. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA indicated that the APS reductase in soybean is encoded by a small multigene family. Biochemical characterization of the heterologously expressed and purified protein shows that the clone encoded a functional APS reductase. Although expressed in tissues throughout the plant, these analyses established an abundant expression of the gene and activity of the encoded protein in the early developmental stages of soybean seed, which declined with seed maturity. Sulfur and phosphorus deprivation increased this expression level, while nitrogen starvation repressed APS reductase mRNA transcript and protein levels. Cold-treatment increased expression and the total activity of APS reductase in root tissues. This study provides insight into the sulfur assimilation pathway of this nutritionally important legume. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


A 50-year-old woman had implantation of an aortic homograft and a mitral valve repair in 2014 for Streptococcus dysgalactiae endocarditis. Nine months later she presented with sepsis and blood cultures again grew Streptococcus dysgalactiae . She had type II diabetes with peripheral vascular disease and investigation showed osteomyelitis of the right great toe and first metatarsal. The transthoracic echocardiogram showed an abscess 5 cm2 in diameter behind the heart in the basal posterolateral …


In this study, the affects of electrolyte composition on photovoltaic parameters in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are analyzed using response surface methodology. We have obtained the relationship of the electrolyte conductivity, tri-iodide diffusivity, and DSSC efficiency based on LiI, I2, and PMII concentrations in the electrolyte. With the optimal concentration of PMII at 1.4 M, LiI 0 M, and I2 at 0.1 M, we could reach the highest electrolyte conductivity of 28.86 mS/cm (only 0.45% in error between predicted and experimental data). When PMII at 1.4 M, LiI 0 M and I2 at 0.02 M, the predicted optimal cell efficiency was 8.41%, which was validated with an experimental value of 7.9% (with an error of 6.5%).


The present invention relates to tropical rust resistance has increased or decreased for the identification of methods and compositions of the corn plant. The method of use of molecular markers to identify and select tropical rust resistance of plants having an increased or identifying and deselect tropical rust resistant plants with reduced. Maize plants produced by the methods of the invention are also a feature of the present invention. Used to associate allelic variation and methods concern traits are also of interest.


Background: To study the maternal risk factors, morbidity, mortality of moderate preterm in comparison to term neonates.Methods: This Cohort study involved two hundred fifty consecutively born moderate preterm and equal number of term newborns delivered in a tertiary care hospital. They were followed till discharge for morbidities and mortality. Detailed maternal and neonatal factors were studied and compared between the two groups.Results: Moderate preterm babies constituted 55% of all live preterm births during the study period. The odds of babies developing major morbidity was significantly more in those whose mothers had hypertension and infections (OR 2.69 95% CI: 1.55, 4.68 and 2.08, 95% CI: 1.6, 2.71 respectively). In the study group, 42.4% and 20.8% babies suffered major and minor morbidity compared to 8.4% and 6.8% of term controls respectively. moderate preterm neonates had significantly higher odds of developing morbidity like respiratory distress (12.4% vs. 5.6%, OR 2.21, 95%CI 1.21,4.11), need for non-invasive(17.3% vs. 5.7%, OR 3.05 95% CI 1.69, 5.47) and invasive ventilation (14.6% vs. 1.7%, OR 8.62, 95% CI 3.09, 24.04), sepsis (20.8% vs. 5.2%, OR 5.20, 95% CI 2.71, 9.99), seizures (22.8% vs. 4.8%, OR 4.75 95%CI 2.61, 8.63), shock (17.6% vs. 4.4%, OR 4.00 95% CI 2.12,7.56), and jaundice (26% vs. 6%, OR 4.33 95%CI 2.54, 7.39). By logistic regression, the odds of developing major morbidity decreased with increasing gestational age (aOR 0.28 95% CI 0.18, 0.45; p<0.001) and increased with hypertensive disease of pregnancy (aOR 2.16 95% CI 1.09, 4.260; p00.026).Conclusions: Moderate preterm neonates have significantly more mortality and morbidity compared to term controls. Maternal hypertension and lower gestational age are the strongest predictors of morbidity.


1. The rate of increase in percentage activation of Urechis eggs with hypotonic sea water is shown to decrease as the concentration of sea water used is increased from distilled water to 80 per cent sea water.2. The rate of increase in volume also decreases with increased concentration of sea water.3. For dilutions of sea water ranging from 75 per cent to 45 per cent, the activation passes through a maximum (usually 100 per cent) and then returns to zero per cent with longer exposures. For lower concentrations of sea water the return to zero per cent is not obtained, but a high percentage of activation is maintained. With 80 per cent sea water the return to zero per cent activation also does not occur.4. The activation-time curves for 75 per cent to 45 per cent sea water are of the form of skew distribution curves, rising rapidly to 100 per cent activation and falling more slowly to zero per cent.5. The activation-volume curves are presented for 65 per cent to 45 per cent sea water and are of the form of ...


The chrysanthemum were sprayed with the different concentrations of SA(0,8,10 and 12?mg/L).Then the changes of the SOD activity,the producing velocity of superoxide anion,soluble protein content,MDA content and the relative electrical conductivity were measured during the florescence.The results indicated that all the different concentrations of SA can increase SOD activity and soluble protein content in the petals,reduce the producing velocity of superoxide anion,MDA content and the relative electrical conductivity,besides the florescence was prolonged with the different concentrations of SA,in which the 10?mg/L was the best.


Tris(3-prefluorohexylpropyl) pentaerythritol (TFPE) was synthesized starting from triallyl pentaerythritol (APE) and perfluorohexyliodide via radical addition by sodium hyposulfite followed by reduction with lithium aluminium hydride. It was used to synthesize the emulsions of fluorinated polyacrylate (FPA) and fluoro-siliconated polyurethane (SiFPU). Cotton fabrics treated with FPA showed good water repellent property, but those treated with SiFPU showed better water repellent property and durable washing property.


Abstract This paper adds to the growing literature on transnational Shiʿism which has so far mostly focused on social history and political contestations. By tracing the thought, transnational legacy, and ultimate failure of the reformist Shiʿi scholar, Muhammad al-Khalisi (d. 1963), I argue for the crucial importance of local contexts and ideas for the genesis of Islamic modernist projects. In his native Iraq, al-Khalisi not only distinguished himself as a guerrilla fighter and political activist but also was shaped by prevailing notions about the compatibility of Islam and science. Exiled to Iran for his opposition to the British from 1922 to 1949, he encountered there specific medicalizing discourses on modernity. This exposure and his experience as a practitioner of medicine in the Iranian countryside led al-Khalisi to identify medicine as the master key to unlocking the secrets of the divine law, the sharīʿa: his major work on Islamic law singles out human health as God's supreme concern. Back in Iraq during the 1950s, al-Khalisi's medical-scientific vision of modernity was finally complemented with an uncompromising call for intra-Muslim unity. This stance led to furious attacks against al-Khalisi which continue unabated in contemporary Pakistan where his name has become a term of abuse.


In conventional theory, steering or bending an ion beam of high energy and high current requires very intense magnetic fields, which are both uneconomical and bulky. This problem is even more severe for singly charged ion beam with very high atomic number, which require large magnetic field energy both to bend and also to focus the beam against its self electric field. In this paper we present a new and simple technique, which will substantially alleviate these problems.


The article analyses federal income taxation of families enacted in the US in 2001 (referred to hare as EGTRRA). The analysis calculated the effects of the reduction in taxes; the extend to which it occurs varies substantially across different types of families and different levels of income (marital status and number of children). The results of the analysis suggest that high-income families will save the largest amount of taxes in absolute terms, but families with moderately low (but not extremely low) incomes will save the most taxes as a percentage of income.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) and >20 other dementias, termed tauopathies, are pathologically defined by insoluble aggregates of the microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT). A predictive relationship between the onset and progression of clinical AD symptoms correlates with post‐translational modifications of tau in cerebrospinal fluid and tau aggregation in the brains of AD patients. However, the biological basis for the transition of tau from a microtubule‐associated protein to an insoluble aggregate and the precise relationship between tau aggregation and neuronal dysfunction remains unknown. Recent studies have reported the development of photo‐inducible systems to control protein aggregation using photo‐oligomerizable proteins that self‐associate upon exposure to blue light. We hypothesized that the development of a photo‐inducible system, which permits temporal control of tau aggregation, would provide a novel tool to study the cause and consequence of tau aggregation.


The tricyclic antidepressant, doxepin, is known to have H1 and H2 antihistaminic effects. Recently, 5% doxepin cream has been marketed in the U.S.A. for treatment of eczematous dermatoses. We investigated the effects of topical doxepin treatment on histamine‐, substance P‐and prostaglandin E2‐(PGE2) induced responses in the skin of normal and atopic subjects. We compared the effects of topical doxepin with those of the oral antihistamine terfenadine. The weal volume and flare area responses to histamine were significantly reduced by treatment with topical doxepin or oral terfenadine in both normal and atopic subjects (P<0·05). The mean ±SEM percentage reduction in flare area for 10μ/site of histamine in non‐atopics and atopics was 48±8% and 60±17% with terfenadine, and 54 ± 12% and 81 ± 4% with topical doxepin, respectively. The mean percentage reduction in weal volume for the same dose of histamine in non‐atopics and atopics was 70 ± 9% and 63 ± 16% with terfenadine, and 96 ± 2% and 89 ± 6% with topical doxepin, respectively. The flare but not the weal response to substance P was inhibited by both treatments in all subjects (P<0·05). The mean ±SEM percentage reduction in flare area for 200 pmol/site of substance P in non‐atopics and atopics was 53 ± 10% and 73 ±4% with terfenadine, and 74 ± 7% and 75 ± 4% with topical doxepin, respectively. The cutaneous responses to PGE2 were not affected by either drug. The inhibitory effects of doxepin were as great as those of terfenadine, and doxepin had a significantly greater effect than terfenadine in inhibiting the weal response to histamine and flare response to substance P in normal volunteers (P<0·05). There was no significant difference between atopics and non‐atopics in the percentage reduction of cutaneous responses by oral terfenadine or topical doxepin. Marked sedation occurred in three of the first 10 subjects treated with topical doxepin, necessitating a reduction in dosage for the remaining six subjects. In summary, topical doxepin was as effective as, and sometimes more effective than, a standard dose of oral terfenadine in the inhibition of histamine‐induced and axon‐reflex‐mediated cutaneous responses. The marked sedative effect may limit its clinical use in some patients.


This paper explores a deep reinforcement learning approach applied to the packet routing problem with high-dimensional constraints instigated by dynamic and autonomous communication networks. Our approach is motivated by the fact that centralized path calculation approaches are often not scalable, whereas the distributed approaches with locally acting nodes are not fully aware of the end-to-end performance. We instead hierarchically distribute the path calculation over designated nodes in the network while taking into account the end-to-end performance. Specifically, we develop a hierarchical cluster-oriented adaptive per-flow path calculation mechanism by leveraging the Deep Double Q-network (DDQN) algorithm, where the end-to-end paths are calculated by the source nodes with the assistance of cluster (group) leaders at different hierarchical levels. In our approach, a deferred composite reward is designed to capture the end-to-end performance through a feedback signal from the source node to the group leaders and captures the local network performance through the local resource assessments by the group leaders. Our approach is expected to scale in large networks, adapt to the dynamic demand, utilize the network resources efficiently and can be applied to segment routing.


Niniak Mamak is part of a social group within Minangkabau tribe. He acts as a customary leader in Minangkabau clan. Niniak Mamak plays an important role in sustaining and continuity of cultures and customs which exist in the village. Thus, the role of Niniak Mamak becomes important in socio-cultural life of Minangkabau community. This article describes the role of Niniak Mamak in maintaining Luambek art in Sintuak village, Padang Pariaman district. The role and efforts of Niniak Mamak with his power as tribal leaders is the focus of attention in this study. This study is a qualitative research using descriptive analysis method. Qualitative data were obtained through literature study, direct observation, and various interviews with informants. Interviews and observations were based on indicators designed to refer to research questions. The analysis was carried out by combining the ethnographic and phenomenological analysis model as well as referring to the Miles and Huberman model. The result shows that the existence of Niniak Mamak with his power as rulers of relatives can encourage nephews and people in the community to be involved in preserving Luambek dance and cultivate it as a cultural heritage of their ancestors. In addition, through his role as a customary leader, Niniak Mamak places Luambek art as a symbol of his greatness in Sintuak community, Padang Pariaman district.


A finite group G is a spherical space form group if it admits a fixed point free representation τ:G → U(k) for some k; for the remainder of this paper, we assume G is such a group. The eta invariant of Atiyah et al [2] defines Q/Z valued invariants of equivariant bordism. In [6], we showed the eta invariant completely detects the reduced equivariant unitary bordism groups and completely detects all but the 2-primary part of the reduced equivariant Spin C bordism groups . The coefficient ring is without torsion; all the torsion in is of order 2. The prime 2 plays a distinguished role in the discussion of equivariant Spin C bordism and is quite different from at the prime 2. Let ker*(η, G) denote the kernel of all eta invariants and let ker*(SW, G) denote the kernel of the Z 2-equivariant Stiefel-Whitney numbers (see Section 1 for details). Then: THEOREM 0.1. Let . If M = ker*(η, G) ∩ ker*(SW, G), M = 0.


This paper combines theoretical, experimental and field data of a low permeable gas condensate reservoir Static laboratory experiments - constant composition expansion (CCE) and constant volume depletion (CVD) - are compared with dynamic depletion experiments from artificial sandpacks. Additionally, calculations from a PVT package and field data from the production history are also included.


The influence of rainfall, air temperature and soil moisture on the vertical mobility in the soil of fuel oil hydrocarbons (HC) was investigated in a field experiment. A controlled spreading of fuel oil (nC10‐nC25) was performed at a rate of 5 L HCm‐2 on an agricultural soil in summer and in winter. Concentration, chemical composition of HC and soil moisture were regularly determined at different soil depths between 0 and 140 cm, 1 h, 3, 8and 15 days (d) after the spreading of oil. Sorption of hydrocarbons onto the organo‐mineral matrix of the soil was studied in laboratory experiments. The results showed that in summer, with an air temperature of 24°C and without water leaching in the soil profile, 65% of the initial HC remained trapped in the 0–140 cm soil layer, about 20% of the HC volatilized and around 15% migrated deeper. A vertical selective migration of the lightest (nC10‐nC15) HC (naphthas) was shown lSd after the spreading of fuel oil. Naphthas progressively reached the 120–140 cm soil layers whereas the heavy fractions of oil (nC17‐nC25) migrated and concentrated in the 0–60 cm soil layers. In winter, when soil was regularly watered by rainfalls and at low air temperatures, only 47% of the initial HC remained in the 0–140 cm profile after 15 d. A fast vertical infiltration of naphthas occurred within the first 3 d. After 15 d, all HC were detected in the same relative amounts as in the initial oil in the whole profile. Volatilization was negligible in winter and an increase in the migration of total oil at depth in the soil profile was shown. As inferred from the laboratory experiments, the high soil moisture led to the decrease in HC sorption on the organo‐mineral matter of the soil.


This chapter attends to contemporary developments in exile Tibetan medicine and conceptions of health. It focuses on the role of the Dharamsala Men-Tsee-Khang and Tibetan medicine in addressing problems of public health in the Tibetan exile community. The chapter explores the significance of the re-emergence of the traditional Tibetan medical concepts 'bu and srin bu in the exile context. It examines the notion that many prevalent exile diseases are construed as diseases of place: they are seen as resulting from the physical, social and moral predicaments of exile. This leads on to the argument that traditional Tibetan medicine is particularly apt at dealing with what could be called 'diseases of exile' because of its emphasis on localistic aetiologies, aetiologies that link diseases to organisms or spirits pertaining to particular places. Keywords: Dharamsala Men-Tsee-Khang; Tibetan exile community; Tibetan Refugees; Traditional Tibetan Medicine


In this second paper of a series of three on electrocardiographic leads, presented primarily from the standpoint of an electrical engineer or physicist, the concept of the lead field introduced in the first paper is considered in detail and several necessarily indirect methods for the estimation of these fields are presented.


Objective: This research is for conceptualizing a comprehensive model of workplace spirituality(WS) and developing a scale that can measure the concept to contribute to succeeding empirical studies in this area. Methods: In research 1, the five-factor model of WS was proposed, and 39 items were developed for constructing workplace spirituality index(WSI). A sample of 239 participants from six global companies completed the instrument, and an exploratory factor analysis was conducted. In research 2, a sample of 161 participants completed the WSI scale with 23 items for cross validation. Finally, in research 3, 400 employees were surveyed for showing discriminant validity between WS and subjective well-being (SWB), quality of working life (QWL), and perceived value of work (PVW). Results: In research 1, an exploratory factor analysis supported the five-factor model of WS. The first factor was ``a sense of inner life``: one`s existence value based on identity, the second factor was ``a sense of calling``: discovering the purpose and goal of life through work, the third factor was ``a sense of empathy``: understanding and sharing the pain together between colleagues or superior and subordinates, the fourth factor was ``a sense of community``: feeling connected together in an organization and society in general, the fifth factor was ``a sense of transcendence``: being immersed in work and environment experiencing rising above the self ego. In research 2, a confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the five-factor structure of WSI, showing cross validation evidence. In research 3, a discriminative validity study successfully showed that WS is an independent concept and different construct from similar concepts such as subjective well-being, quality of working life, and perceived value of work.


The invention provides an insomnia treatment cap. The insomnia treatment cap comprises a cap top and a cap periphery, the cap top and the cap periphery are formed by sewing an inner layer cloth and an outer layer cloth, medicines for treating insomnia are uniformly filled between the inner layer cloth and the outer layer cloth, divided cases formed by sewing threads are arranged on the cap top and the cap periphery, the medicines are fixed in each divided case, and the medicines comprise, by weight, 5 to 10 parts of cinnabar powders, 60 to 70 parts of magnet powders, 5 to 10 parts of lavender, 5 to 10 parts of peppermint leaves, 2 to 5 parts of herba siegesbeckiae, 2 to 5 parts of girald daphne bark, 2 to 5 parts of ixeris chinensis and 3 to 6 parts of water fennel. The insomnia treatment cap has the advantages that the excellent insomnia treatment effect is achieved, the design is reasonable, the usage is convenient, and the cost is low.


This article reviews the history of measuring military medical health care efficiency. No single approved definition or uniform framework has ever been offered or suggested defining military medical treatment facility efficiency over the last 225 years within the Department of Defense. The purpose of this article is to consolidate much of the existing research on the latent variable of military medical efficiency over the last two centuries, and to provide health care leaders a framework for understanding past and current practices in measuring efficiency in the military health care setting. INTRODUCTION The military medical leadership continuously seeks to develop organizations that govern more efficiently and effectively while maintaining superior quality; however, no single index or benchmark of "efficiency" for the delivery of health care to eligible beneficiaries exists. In this regard, the military medical community has not kept pace with the civilian health care market, which began emphasizing efficiency and effectiveness in the late 1980s and mid-1990s. The General Accounting Office has cited the Military Health System's (MHS) $49 billion annual budget as the largest single element other than equipment of the combined $662 billion annual appropriation in the 2012 Defense Authorization Bill. As a result, the efficient use of personnel, equipment, and other assets remains a continuing concern to Congress. In the era of fighting—and recovering—from two wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, coupled with the ongoing national emphasis on the prevention of terrorism, the emphasis on military health care has shifted from one where high quality and access were the primary concern to Congress—to one where military health care costs are now on the forefront of Congressional debates. However, military health care quality and access also remain close areas of scrutiny. As a result, Congress has placed a requirement on the MHS to become efficient in its application of available health care dollars and recourses. To understand the complexity of this objective, it is first necessary to understand the complexity of the MHS. The MHS operates a specialized form of managed care called TRICARE. TRICARE brings together the worldwide health resources of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, and Commissioned Corps of the Public Health Service (often referred to as direct care) and supplements this capability with network and nonnetwork civilian health professionals, hospitals, pharmacies, and suppliers (referred to as purchased care). As of the end of fiscal year 2011, the direct care side of the MHS oversaw over 50 military hospitals and medical centers, 364 medical clinics, and 282 dental clinics worldwide. In the purchased care side, there were over 380,000 network providers and over 60,000 retail pharmacies. In a typical week in 2011, the MHS completed more than 23,000 inpatient admissions, 1.8 million professional encounters (outpatient), 2,400 births; 230,000 behavioral health outpatient services; and filled more than 2.6 million prescriptions. In addition, over 3.5 million claims were processed and 12.6 million electronic health record messages completed. Although outcomes continue to be an important measurement tool, the MHS, like many civilian institutions, is turning to effectiveness and efficiency criteria as the currently favored business practice. With the recent calls for a smaller, leaner military fighting force, the MHS annual budget has been a target for reduction by members of Congress. The MHS is, in fact, being asked to do more with less. Efficiency is important for the survival of military medical organizations. The MHS will continue to face decreasing budgets, as well as increasing requirements to provide care. Since the attack on the United States on September 11, 2001, efficiency in the use of existing military resources has become a major item of concern for military health leaders. However, it is questionable whether the military has kept pace with the initiatives in the civilian industry relative to maximizing resources to accomplish missions and programs. To provide aid in this dilemma, this article reviews the *Clinical Practice Management, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 3601 4th Street, MS 6225, Lubbock, TX 79430. †Education Outcomes and Technologies, TTUHSC, 3601 4th Street, MS 6225, Lubbock, TX 79430. ‡CIS & QM, McCoy School of Business, Texas State University McCoy 408, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666. §School of Health Sciences, The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Pomona, NJ 08240. kClinical Practice Management, TTUHSC, 3601 4th Street, MS 6225, Lubbock, TX 79430. This article is based on the 2007 AMSUS History of Military Medicine Award winning essay authored by (then) LTC Coppola. It has been significantly updated for relevancy. MILITARY MEDICINE, Vol. 177, June 2012 686 D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /m ilm ed/article-ab/177/6/686/4283698 by gest on 15 M arch 2020 historical trends in measuring efficiency in the military health care system and recommends ways for the MHS to measure efficiency now and in the future. BACKGROUND Achieving efficiencies in health care operations has become a primary goal of health care delivery in the United States to reduce costs, increase access, and improve quality. When optimal cost, quality, and access are achieved, an organization is deemed efficient. In layman's terms, efficiency can be understood best by examining a triathlon. Here, an individual is expected to swim, cycle, and run (in this order) for great distances in the shortest time possible. Studies have been done to validate that the fastest scores in triathlons are achieved when the three events are sequentially organized starting with a swim, cycle, and then a run. Reversing the order results in slower—or less efficient times—in completing the triathlon event. The most "efficient" way to do the three events that result in the least amount of time for the overall triathlon is to conduct them in this order: Swimming, cycling, and running. Efficiency can also be described using a simple ratio when conditions are less complex. For example, if an automobile is designed to drive one-hundred miles on one gallon of gasoline; however, only produces ninety-five miles to the gallon, then the car is only reaching 95% of its designed capacity. In this case, efficiency can be stated as a ratio: Efficiency 1⁄4 Outputs=Inputs ðsubject to constraintsÞ: MEASURING EFFICIENCY: WHAT METRICS HAVE BEEN USED IN THE MHS? Based on a review of the literature, the MHS has conducted little research regarding optimization of health resources from an efficiency standpoint. Currently, the performance of military medical treatment facilities (MTFs) is evaluated by a variety of measures, including but not limited to: the Joint Commission, quarterly training briefs, Congressional audits, unit status reporting, the balanced score card, and other colloquial measures. Although these measures have provided information on MTF success and performance, their nature does not allow for the rank ordering of facilities and an overview of operational efficiency. Rather, facilities are deemed "successful" or "not successful," by numerous outside stakeholders. Furthermore, these stakeholders often are not consistent in defining success measures among facilities or consistent in benchmarking those measures over time. No one process has presented itself for adoption by any one service—let along individual MTFs—as a benchmark for operational efficiency. Interestingly enough, the existing literature regarding organizational efficiency in American health care is quite comprehensive. However, the same cannot be said regarding military health care. A SELECTION OF KEY STUDIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF EFFICIENCY STUDY IN THE UNITED STATES 1776–1900 An early pioneer of organizational efficiency in America was Adam Smith. In 1776, Smith discovered that the process of creating a safety pin could be broken down into 18 distinct operations. Furthermore, Smith discovered that each worker was responsible for making each pin himself; however, certain workers displayed individual talents for each of the 18 steps. Additionally, Smith discovered there was a measurable difference regarding the number of pins produced a day by each worker based on the sequence they used to make them. As a result, Smith reorganized the factory. The final structure involved each worker performing the steps he was best at. It also required all of the 18 steps be performed in a strict sequence. The end result was a more efficient factory that went from making hundreds of pins a day to thousands. Around the same time Smith was experimenting with his own ideas on efficiency, Dr. James Tilton, Surgeon, Continental Army, 1779, put in place his own ideas for health care efficiency on the battlefield. Dr. Tilton's ground-breaking hospital design stepped away from the traditional "one size fits all" construction of hospitals of its day. For example, hospitals of the period were all boxlike and did not include any methodology for segregating the injured, the diseased, and surgical patients. Tilton's more efficient design included separate entry and exits for a variety of patients—as well as windows for ventilation. Tilton was also among the first of his medical generation to see a need to separate patients by severity and sickness. Tilton soon found his hospital design assisted in the prevention and spread of illness. After the Revolutionary War was over, Dr. Tilton wrote a book about his findings entitled, "Economical Observations on Military Hospitals and the Prevention and Cure of Diseases Incident to an Army." Originally published in 1813, it may be the first book written regarding health care efficiency in the United States. Tilton's methodology for improving health care efficiency ultimately influenced the design, operation, and administration of bo


Argus is an experimental language/system designed to support the construction and execution of distributed programs. Argus is intended to support only a subset of the applications that could benefit from being implemented by a distributed program. Two properties distinguish these applications: they make use of on-line data that must remain consistent in spite of concurrency and hardware failures, and they provide services under real-time constraints that are not severe. Examples of such applications are office automation systems and banking systems. Argus is based on CLU. It is largely an extension of CLU, but there are a number of differences. Like CLU, Argus provides procedures for procedural abstraction, iterators for control abstraction, and clusters for data abstraction. In addition, Argus provides guardians that encapsulate and control access to one or more resources. Argus also provides equate modules as a convenient way to refer to constants. As in CLU, modules may be parameterized, so that a single module can define a class of related abstractions.


Abstract The FAO recently published its biennial State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture up to 2018. The FAO continues to treat the seaweed aquaculture sector as a different category, with separate tables and comments in different sections. As this could lead to a distorted view of total world aquaculture, the statistical information provided by FAO was revisited and data regarding the seaweed aquaculture sector were integrated with data of the other sectors of the world aquaculture production, to reach different conclusions: (1) aquaculture represents 54.1% of total world fisheries and aquaculture production; (2) marine and coastal aquaculture represents 55.2% of total world aquaculture production; (3) seaweeds represent 51.3% of total production of marine and coastal aquaculture; (4) 99.5% of seaweed mariculture production is concentrated in Asia; (5) 8 seaweed genera provide 96.8% of world seaweed mariculture production; (6) 2 seaweed genera are the most produced organisms in mariculture in the world; (7) the value of the seaweed aquaculture sector could be much larger, especially if a monetary value was attributed to the ecosystem services provided by seaweeds; and (8) total extractive aquaculture is slightly larger (50.6%) than total fed aquaculture (49.4%).


The goal of this experiment was to isolate bacteriophage from local soil that were specific for Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis), a common model organism for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterial pathogen that causes tuberculosis. Soil was collected near large bodies of water, such as the Mill River in Hamden and East Rock Park and the Branford Supply Ponds. Soil extracts were prepared using phage buffer and coplated with M. smegmatis using brain-heart infusion top agar. Phages were identified on these plates based on the presence of replicable clear zones (plaques) on the bacterial lawn. Two probable phage were isolated from soil samples obtained near the Mill River in Hamden. The DNA of these phage can be sequenced to confirm that they are indeed mycobacteriophage, and then pure lysates of these phage can be used to study the toxins that are produced when M. smegmatis is lysed by these phage to give a better understanding of the sepsis observed in the phage treatment of tuberculosis in animals.


In recent years surgery has played an increasTREATMENT ingly large part in the treatment of primary The hospital is of an open-air type, situated by tuberculosis of the lungs in children. We have the sea and in a bracing climate. Treatment for been impressed by this increasing frequency, and most atients has been on eneral lines onl also by descriptions of gross pathological changes g yh.r, .. ~~~~~~~~~~beginning with a period of bed-rest, usually short, in mediastinal glands and lung parenchyma found and proceeding to full activity in the absence of at thoracotomy (Thomas, 1952; Huish, 1956). In signs of active disease. The use of antibiotic drugs consequence we have been concerned lest the has been irregular, as our policy has been to contreatment, or lack of treatment, of our own tinue wherever possible the wishes of the referring patients might be resulting in unnecessary residual consultant. We have initiated antibiotic treatment damage to lung structure, or even in the developi '~~~~~~~,-in al natune2yar ( ebr 91Td ment in some cases of the adult forms of pul19 infan as in a few chilre,most o wo, monarytuecl sis We thref re decde to 1953) and also in a few children, most of whom mnarys tuberclosis. We thereree deided to were being prepared for surgery. Approximately 10 %of all our cases received antibiotics at some Leasowe Children's Hospital with primary tuberg W cuoi duin th yer 194 to15, an lot stage. We noted no significant difference between culosis dring th to 15,ndoalot those treated with and those treated without antistudy b bownchoscop andc or bronchgaphy biotics, nor did segmental lesions appear to reths shwn fetue whc mih.ocial solve more rapidly under their influence. be regarded as indicating the need for surgical intervention, either early or late. We report the results of this investigation and GENERAL ANALYSIS OF SERIES of such surgical treatment as we considered to be Our findings are similar to those of Bentley and advisable; and we discuss the role of surgery in others and of Walker (Bentley, Grzybowski, and the treatment of primary tuberculosis in childBenjamin, 1954; Walker, 1955), and are only hood. derihe1d hri.-flv %nn humnV, t f5ill llQD ^f


ABSTRACT Despite the development interventions that have been adopted to help the countries caught in a downward spiral of impoverishment, their problems still persist. This paper focuses on the role that traditional foreign aid and the more recent bottom–up approach of supporting social entrepreneurs are playing to tackle the situation of extreme poverty in Zimbabwe. Drawing upon a narrative inquiry, 35 stories were collected to bring fresh insights regarding the realities of such interventions as they are experienced by the local people. The evidence shows the main shortcomings of the current development models and suggests that the improvement of a declining economy such as Zimbabwe would need the interaction of various factors, so that some interventions will appear significant only when the conditions of primary importance exist in the environment. Additionally, the engagement of local people seems to be a key aspect to the success of some of the support measures.


Objective: We adopted the area under the curve (AUC) of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as a measure method of the severity of maternal hyperglycemia and investigated its relationship with adverse perinatal outcomes among women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Research design and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Our study group collected the medical records of 15,296 women who received perinatal care in 15 hospitals in Beijing and who delivered from July 1, 2013, to December 31, 2013. And several original articles on this cohort have been published. In this study, we analyze the relationship between AUC and adverse perinatal outcomes, so that in multiple pregnant cases, patients with pre-pregnancy diabetes, hypertension, and abnormal kidney function and those who did not receive a 75-g OGTT were excluded. A Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the associations. Results: In total, 13,561 women were included. As the AUC of OGTT increased, the prevalence of macrosomia (odds ratio [OR] 1.059, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.029 - 1.090, p < 0.001) and hypertensive diseases (OR 1.106, 95% CI 1.064 - 1.149, p < 0.001) also increased. For patients with same levels of AUC values, no significant differences in the risk of macrosomia, preterm birth and neonatal complications were observed between the GDM and non-GDM groups. Women with an AUC higher than 14.20 (mmol * h/L) had a higher risk of adverse outcomes regardless of the presence of GDM. Conclusions: The AUC could be a measure method of the severity of maternal hyperglycemia, and women with a high AUC should undergo aggressive management to avoid adverse outcomes regardless of the presence of GDM.


Winter‐over scientists have traditionally played a central role in the success of astrophysics research in Antarctica. The unique access of the winter‐over scientist to the data as they are collected provides an insight into the phenomenology which is often difficult for principal investigators to recreate subsequently. The current trend toward automatic data collection and the improved ability to communicate data to the home laboratory during the Antarctic winter have redefined the role of the winter‐over scientist. Nevertheless, future astrophysics work can benefit greatly from the design of experiments which incorporate the potential contribution of the winter‐over scientist.


The CANTEMIST track included three subtasks for the automatic assignment of codes related with tumour morphology entities to Spanish health-related documents: CANTEMIST-NER, CANTEMISTNORM and CANTEMIST-CODING. For CANTEMIST-NER, we trained Spanish biomedical Flair embeddings on PubMed abstracts and then trained a BiLSTM+CRF Named Entity Recognition tagger on the CANTEMIST corpus using the trained embeddings. For CANTEMIST-NORM, we adapted a graph-based model that uses the Personalized PageRank algorithm to rank the eCIE-O-3.1 candidates for each entity mention. As for CANTEMIST-CODING, we adapted X-Transformer, a state-of-the-art deep learning Extreme Multi-Label Classification algorithm, to classify the clinical cases with a ranked list of eCIEO-3.1 terms in a multilingual and biomedical panorama. The results obtained were a F1-score of 0.749 and 0.069 for the CANTEMIST-NER and the CANTEMIST-NORM subtasks, respectively, and our best scoring submission achieved a MAP score of 0.506 in the CANTEMIST-CODING subtask.


So far as it limits productive uses of time, waiting generates distinct social and personal costs. The purpose of this paper is to explore the way these costs are distributed throughout a social structure and to identify the principles to which this allocation gives expression. The main proposition of our analysis is that the distribution of waiting time coincides with the distribution of power. This proposition is based on the assumption that an individual's power reflects the scarcity of the goods or skills he possesses; accordingly, the relationship between a server and client may be characterized in terms of organized dependency, for which waiting (under certain conditions) provides an accurate index. However, if delay is related to the client's position in a power network, then he may show deference to a server by an expressed willingness to wait, or a server may confirm or enhance his own status by deliberately causing him to wait. Secondary interactional modes thus come to subserve a relationship originally grounded in a supply-demand structure. The broader implications of this correlation allow us to characterize stratification systems in terms of the apportionment of time as well as the distribution of other kinds of resources.


24 first-grade children were read prose and verse versions of simple narratives, after each of which they were asked to recall details of the narratives and to sequence five pictures depicting events in the story. Children recalled as much from verse as prose versions. They were much better able to do the sequencing task, however, when the story was in verse.


Two languages are usually used in the education of engineers in Sweden—the local language and English. There are clearly many benefits of this approach, but a number of interesting questions do arise. One such question relates to scientific literacy. If we accept that the overarching goal for engineering degree programmes is the production of scientifically literate graduates, then what is the nature of this scientific literacy when a programme involves two languages? Here, Airey and Linder have introduced a new construct: bilingual scientific literacy in order to characterise the particular set of language-specific engineering skills acquired by students. This paper reports ongoing research results from the first Swedish study to be carried out into the relationship between the teaching language and disciplinary learning at university level. The study explored the teaching language (English, Swedish or both) and the related learning experiences of students from two Swedish universities. Students attended physics lectures in both English and Swedish as part of their regular undergraduate programmes. These lectures were videotaped and students were then interviewed about their learning experiences using selected excerpts of the video in a process of stimulated recall. The work reported here concerns evaluation of a number of techniques that may be used to estimate bilingual scientific literacy. Student ability to use both English and Swedish to spontaneously describe and explain the concepts met in their lectures is analysed in terms of; linguistic fluency, code-switching, and 'disciplinary fluency'(as determined by science teachers). This is cross-referenced with the language in which the original material was taught (Swedish, English, or both languages). The implications of the findings thus far are discussed.


Since the mid 1970's Weetabix, the largest British owned breakfast cereal manufacturer, has been actively involved in energy management. A measure of the success of this involvement is that the energy efficiency projects introduced over the years are now providing annual savings of Pound 500,000 on what would have been a Pound 2.5 million energy bill. Five basic criteria were identified as being essential for successful energy management: objectives; commitment; structure; metering; and communication. Details of how these criteria were applied and examples of resulting energy efficiency measures are given. (author).


We demonstrate that pupillometry can be used to track memory interference independent of explicit responses. Pupil diameter was recordedthroughout encoding and retrieval of words from the same category over 4 trials, causing buildup of proactive interference (PI). In a contrastingcondition, the category was switched on the 4th trial, causing release from interference (RI). Pupil dilation systematically increased for bothconditions as interference built up and retrieval performance declined. Critically, in trial 4 the RI condition resulted in improved retrievalperformance, with significantly smaller pupil dilation than in the PI condition, where performance continued to decline. Principal component analysisrevealed an early dilation peak possibly related to control of interference, and a later component possibly linked to memory search. (Less)


Sea surface temperature (SST) is one of the main factors that affect the activity of fish and usually it can be used to forecast the fishery resources by statistic. In this presentation, the SST derived from NOAA image and capture data of pelagic fishes in East China Sea collected from four major fishery companies were used to analysis relationship between SST and pelagic fishery resources in this area. The study area divides into three sub-areas as the north area of the estuary of Yangtze River, the estuary of the Yangtze River, and the south area of the estuary of Yangtze River according to the hydro-meteorological characters with the different fishing season in these sub-areas. The results show that the fishing season of the north area is in winter and spring with SST in 11℃~16℃, and the fishing season of the south area or the area of the estuary of Yangtze River is in autumn with SST in 22℃~29℃. In order to find out the relationship between the SST and the pelagic fishery resources in these three sub-areas, regressive within SPSS has been used in this work. The result shows negative correlation between SST and the total fishing product or the yield per seine in the north area of the estuary of Yangtze River. The correlation coefficients are 0.217 and 0.236 respectively with the significance 0.000. The correlation coefficients between SST and those in the estuary of Yangtze River are 0.354 and 0.373 respectively with the significance 0.001 and 0.002. The correlation coefficients between those in the south area and SST are 0.238 and 0.372 respectively with the significance 0.000. Based on these relationships, the regressive functions have been set up for the relationships and it can be used to forecasting the fishing product or the yield per seine in these sub-areas respectively. The regressive functions by dividing sub-areas have higher precision than that derived from the whole area.


FK228,a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor,alone or combining with other drugs or methods,has shown a good antitumor effect.The anti-tumour mechanism of FK228 is mainly includes that FK228 inhibits the activity of HDAC and causes the accumulation of histone proteins acetylation sites in tumour cell,which inhibits tumor cell proliferation,induces cell cycle arrest,differentiation and apoptosis,or impedes angiogenesis,tumour metastasis,reverses drug resistance,regulates immune acvities.Recent studies have demonstrated that FK228 can be used in the treatments of inflammatory diseases,autoimmune diseases,retinal neovascularization diseases and nervous system diseases and so on.This article reviewed the recent-year progress of the study on the pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms of epigenetics drug FK228.


The integer Chebyshev problem is the problem of finding an integer polynomial of degree n such that the supremum norm on [0, 1] is minimized. The most common technique used to find upper bounds is by explicit construction of an example. This is often (although not always) done by heavy computational use of the LLL algorithm and simplex method. One of the first methods developed to find lower bounds employed a sequence of polynomials known as the Gorshkov–Wirsing polynomials. This paper studies properties of the Gorshkov–Wirsing polynomials. It is shown how to construct generalized Gorshkov–Wirsing polynomials on any interval [a, b], with . An extensive search for generalized Gorshkov–Wirsing polynomials is carried out for a large family of [a, b]. Using generalized Gorshkov–Wirsing polynomials, LLL, and the simplex method, upper and lower bounds for the integer Chebyshev constant on intervals other than [0, 1] are calculated. These methods are compared with other existing methods.


In order to study the causes of rock burst under dynamic disturbance in thick coal seam floor,combining with the conditions of working face in a coal mine,distribution rules of plastic zone and vertical stress in drift floor were analyzed by FLAC3 D when the peak strength of disturbing stress wave was respectively 10,20,40 MPa and 60 MPa.And the failure process of drift floor was displayed.The dynamic response rules of rock burst induced by different peak stresses were revealed in thick coal seam. The results showed that along with the increase of peak strength of disturbing stress wave,the failure range in floor rock was gradually expanded and the stress concentration was also improved,which would enlarge the probability of rock burst.


Indonesia is a rising center of K-pop fandom next to China and Japan. This study examines K-pop fandom in Indonesia by focusing on intercultural communication between two countries whose cultural and religious differences are extensive. An ethnographic study of young Muslims in Indonesia was conducted in order to examine the motivations and cultural practice of K-pop fans. Having the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia has young people who both practice religious piety sincerely, and enjoy Korean popular music passionately. Although these interests appear to be contradictory, the historical and social context of Indonesian Islam provides a clue about how they accept cultural diversity. K-pop fandom implies multiple meaning. Long term study of this ethnography using in-depth interviews and participatory observation is an attempt to find the inner meaning of K-pop fandom in Indonesia seemingly contradicting from religious piety that most young Indonesians maintain now. Cultural tastes of young Muslims imply social consciousness and vision of new cultural identity that they wish to promote. This case may enlighten a new alternative to the radicalization of Islam and an example of intercultural cooperation in global communication.


This book is not another introduction to Indian archaeology, nor a survey of the present state of knowledge, rather it comprises 21 working papers, first presented at Cambridge in June 1971 by professional archaeologists from India, Italy, France, Germany, Holland, Britain, and the United States. Consequently, there is neither unity of theme nor consistency in approach to the topics discussed. But as compensation, the reader is exposed to a variety of analytical techniques and theoretical perspectives which exemplify traditional typological and art-historical methods as well as field research based in geomorphology and ethnography, and studies of prehistoric technology. A particular merit of the volume lies in the way the balance of contributions rather faithfully reflects the distribution, both chronologically and spatially, of research effort during the past few years by overseas archaeologists in South Asia.


A study of 50 consecutive osteoporotic pelvic rami fractures has been carried out to investigate the full extent of injury following low energy falls. 50 consecutive elderly patients with fresh fractures of the pelvis were each investigated with an MRI scan of the pelvis in order to assess the competency of the pelvic ring. The 50 patients consisted of 45 female and 5 males with a mean age of 77.7 years. 44 patients had unilateral pubic rami fractures. The mechanism of injury in all cases was a simple fall in the home environment. On admission 96% of the patients complained of sacral pain and were tender in the sacral or posterior pelvic region. On MRI, 90% of patients had a sacral fracture associated with the pubic rami fractures and in all but 4 of these the posterior pelvic pain was directly related to the sacral fracture site. At 6 month follow-up, 82% still complained of posterior pelvic tenderness. Areas of tenderness corresponded to the sites of the fractures. Before the injury, 38 of the final 44 reviewed were reasonably independently mobile, whilst at review 39 were significantly disabled. Conclusion: The study shows that the apparently benign traumatic pelvic rami fracture in the elderly has a high association with sacral fractures. After discharge from hospital, attention should be paid to treatment of the on-going anterior and posterior pelvic pain.


Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, a well known herb for Chinese traditional medicine and Sesame are two main crops in northwestern Henan, china. It has been known that however a rotation of these two crops, eg. cultivation of seaseme proceeded with Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch leads to decreased yield and poor quality of sesame In order to identify the compound or allelochemicals which inhibit the growth of sesame, the effect of the crude, tissue extractions of Rehmannia glutinosa on the cultivation of sesame was analysized. We found most allelochemicais exist in the Ethyl acetate extraction of the leaves. Futher fractionation of the leave extraction on silica gel column chromatography followed by GCMS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry), we for the first time identified lauric acid and 2,6-Ditertbutyl phenol as two main alllelochemicals, which inhibit the seed germination of sesame. The identification of the allelochemicals in this study pave the way for further characterization of the molecular interaction of allelochemicals from the proceeding crop Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, the soil and the succeeding crop sesame, which could be beneficial for improvement of the crop rotation between rehmannia glutinosa and sesame.


In the paper a digital watermarking algorithm based on chaos and SVD is proposed.It uses Logistic map to encrypt the original watermark image,and then cut the original carrier image into blocks.Combining both merits of SVD and transform domain watermarking algorithm,the encrypted watermark image is embedded into the middle-frequency coefficients of image block DCT transformation.Experimental results show that the algorithm has good robustness.


On the basis of time-dependent reliability of deteriorating RC bridges due to pitting corrosion induced by chloride attack and average corrosion induced by concrete carbonation, bridge inspection/repair arrangement is optimized by using pre-posterior decision analysis exploring utilities of bridge inspections while utility functions relating owners' financial capacity and risk-adverse psychology are used. Optimization of the bridge inspection/repair arrangement is maximizing the direct monetary reward or utility function with a condition that the bridge time-dependent reliability is not larger than the target reliability behind the specifications for bridge design. A computer program for such optimization method is completed on the basis of the regression analysis and Monte Carlo method. A RC bridge example shows that the optimization based on the utility function describing financial capacity and risk adverse psychology produces the arrangement clearly different from that based on the direct reward.


This paper presents an implementation of the Modulated Wideband Converter (MWC) compressed sensing scheme using Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) low-pass filter (SXLP-36+ from Mini-Circuits®) for spectrum surveillance in order to reconstruct a wideband signal at sub-Nyquist rate. From a theoretical point of view, the MWC scheme achieves a correct reconstruction only if all analog components are assumed ideal. Indeed, to deploy this scheme into practice, the impacts of non-ideal components need to be considered, especially lowpass filters. In this paper, the SXLP-36+ lowpass filter is characterized in order to implement amplitude and phase compensation method without any optimization algorithms. The goal of this digital compensation is to achieve an output as close as possible to the theoretical MWC output. The results of spectrum reconstruction are evaluated with respect to probability of correct reconstruction and false alarm criteria.


Professional training of a primary school teacher is considered to he many-sided. This article touches upon psychological aspects o f this problem. Analyzing the main conditions for development of a teacher as a professional the authors stresses on the following: personal orientation on a concrete pupil, psychological competence and self-management of a primary class teacher.


Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS) is a benign childhood epilepsy syndrome characterized by autonomic seizures and electroencephalogram (EEG) showing predominant occipital paroxysms. PS may easily be confused with many non-epileptic conditions such as atypical migraine, gastroenteritis, or syncope. We here present a 5 ½-year-old boy who presented to us with a history of head injury followed by vomiting, seizures, and prolonged unresponsiveness. Neuroimaging was normal, and on detailed history, it was clear that autonomic symptoms preceded the head injury and so an EEG was done. Interictal EEG showed bilateral occipital spikes and wave discharges with characteristic "fixation-off sensitivity." Hence, the seizure semiology along with the EEG pattern helped to clinch the diagnosis. Parents were counseled about the benign nature of the condition


The standard problem of finding the optimal layout of structural material associated with maximum stiffness is expanded to include consideration of thermal criteria. The problem is posed as a three-phase layout problem where the phases include an insulating or fire retardant material and an unknown distribution of heat sources, in addition to the structural material. The model used is simple, yet results suggest that the introduction of measures to control the temperature in the structure when subjected to significant heat transfer rates can result in layouts that differ substantially from solutions where thermal issues are ignored.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Rifabutin is a known-drug prescribed for prophylaxis and treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and causes dose-related anterior uveitis in immunocompromised individuals, particularly, those infected with HIV. Previous studies have reported rifabutin-induced uveitis with high doses. It is infrequent with 300 mg/day or less; moreover, it takes weeks to months to develop. We report three HIV cases that on treatment with low-dose 300 mg rifabutin presented with anterior uveitis with early occurrence. Furthermore, one of the cases had rifabutin-induced panuveitis, another rarity. Thus, although rare, low-dose rifabutin-induced uveitis with early presentation should be kept as a differential diagnosis of unusual presentation of uveitis in HIV, early management of which prevents visual morbidity.


SIR—We present a case of an 8-year-old female with Seckel syndrome, who required anesthesia for revision ⁄ renewal of pressure equalizing tube placements. Seckel syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth retardation, low birth weight, dwarfism, microcephaly with mental retardation, and a characteristic 'birdheaded' facial appearance with micrognathia, prominence of maxilla, hypertelorism and beak-like protrusion of the nose (1,2). Our patient's past medical history was significant for preterm delivery at 27th gestational week via emergency cesarean section for fetal distress. Birth weight was recorded as 737 g. She was intubated as an emergency and remained intubated for 3 weeks. She remained in the neonatal intensive care unit for three months because of complications associated with prematurity. On the day of the surgery, she displayed the characteristic facial features of Seckel syndrome; protrusion of the nose, narrow face and receding chin. Her skin was very fragile and was extensively covered with hypopigmented macules (3). Brachydactyly and clindactyly were also noted on her hands. She was legally blind. Her ears were lacking lobules and the surgeon remarked about malformations of her outer ear canal. Her past history revealed that she had undergone anesthesia for bilateral myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placements (in 2005 and 2006) and eye surgery (2004). Because of chronic recurrent otitis media, she was scheduled for revision of tympanostomy tubes for the third time. On the day of the surgery, her weight was 13.6 kg and height was 96.52 cm.Both values were less than the 3rd percentile for an 8-year-old female. Preoperatively she received 0.5 mgÆkg midazolam syrup. After placement of ECG, pulse oximetry and noninvasive blood pressure monitors, inhalation induction with 8% sevoflurane in 60% nitrous oxide and oxygen was initiated. Maintenance of general anesthesia was with sevoflurane ⁄ nitrous oxide ⁄ oxygen by facemask ventilation, which was not difficult to maintain. Because of short duration surgery we did not require venous cannulation for this patient. Paracetamol suppository was inserted introperatively for postoperative pain control. No complications were noted during emergence. She stayed in the recovery room for 20 min and was discharged home without any noted complications. A literature review reveals that Seckel syndrome and anesthesia management have been reported as several case reports. All describe difficult mask ventilation, difficult airway management and difficult venous cannulation (4–8). Although our experience with this patient did not require tracheal intubation or venous access, review of her previous anesthesia records reveal no difficulty either with intubation or venous access. Although, we were able to maintain mask ventilation without any difficulty throughout the case despite her facial features, we were prepared to handle the reported difficulty of mask fitting with an appropriate laryngeal mask airway and the difficult airway cart was immediately available. Also a variety of tracheal tube should be at hand as many of these children have a smaller trachea than would be suspected by age and physical size. These factors should always be considered when anesthetizing children with the Seckel syndrome. Gode Demiralp , James Mayhew Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA (email: firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com)


The research described in this paper explores the synergy between the methods of form-finding (for funicular loads) with curved-crease folding(CCF). The paper will propose a two-step process that combines a form-finding method that finds the form under vertical loading and with a mesh-perturbation method that solves for planarity and developability constraints. The resulting geometry will be shown to be amenable to construct curve-crease folded moulds for concrete casting. The paper will also describe the design of a demonstrative prototype - a self-supporting structure composed of bar-elements that are formed by casting concrete into molds that are curve-folded from sheet material.


This paper alms to examine the impact of RD First, three factors of R&D organizational culture had a significant positive effect on the product innovation and except autonomy. Second, two factors of R&D organizational culture had a significant positive effect on the process innovation except autonomy and flexibility. it is shown reliable criterion to effective organizational management for successful Technology Innovation in small and medium enterprises.


Water is one of the major resources necessary for the maintenance of life on earth. Among the pathogens disseminated in water sources are enteric pathogens such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., and the presence of these organisms are responsible for a variety of diseases like diarrhea, dysentery, and enteric fever. This study was aimed to identify and determine antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from selected rivers in Ibadan metropolis. Thirty water samples were collected from three different sites (upstream, midstream and downstream) of four selected main rivers and six tributaries, the main rivers are: Onibu-ore river, Kudeti river, Ogunpa river and Ona river, while the tributaries are: Gege river, Awolowo river, Orogun river, Omi river, Tabieleshin river and Eleyele river. The samples were routinely screened for bacteria using MacConkey and blood agar plates. These bacterial isolates were identified biochemically and were further subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test. All the tests performed in this study were analyzed using tables. From the thirty water samples of the ten selected rivers screened in duplicates in this study, forty–two isolates belonging to eleven bacteria genera of different percentage distribution were identified. These isolates also showed different antibiotic resistance rates and patterns. Of all the bacteria isolates obtained in this study, only Enterobacter specieswas not multi-drug resistant. This study detected the presence of different bacteria isolates in drinking river water from ten selected rivers in Ibadan. It was able to confirm the presence of E. coli in water and further discovered other bacteria such as Arthrobacter species in water.


The emergence and broad application of modern information technology brought travel agencies opportunities and challenges.The development opportunities of the travel agencies under the effect of information technology,as well as the development orientation and strategy on the travel agencies utilizing modern information technology,are analyzed in this dissertation by comparing the advantages and disadvantages between modern information technology and traditional operation at the travel agencies.


The short term thermal production planning problem is solved in two steps by integrating physical plant models into the standard approach. The first step aims at solving the discrete variables from the unit commitment sub-problem (UCP) using standard mixed integer linear models and optimization techniques. The second step focuses on the economic dispatch sub-problem (EDP) described by highfidelity, continuous time, physics-based Modelica models together with nonlinear optimization techniques from the JModelica.org platform. The output of the second step includes optimized power flows but also highly relevant variables such as supply temperature, supply flow rate, turbine by-pass valve in the cogeneration plant. The optimization is formulated as a maximization of the benefit from heat and electricity sell over a finite time-horizon. The proposed method is validated in several test cases using experimental data from a plant in Nykoping. The optimizations demonstrate the feasibility and the high economic potential of the proposed approach when comparing with measurement data and the standard optimization techniques. The optimized planning schedules result in a balance between produced and consumed heat, priority to low-cost boilers and maximization plant revenue. Compared to measurement data, the optimizations result in a significantly lower supply temperature, a more extensive usage of the external cooler for higher efficiency and higher electricity production, fewer starts of units as well as an appropriate use of the accumulator tank.


In this paper, a scheme for a direct coupling of the microwave radiation into a nonlinear whispering-gallery mode (WGM) receiver is presented. This nonlinear receiver can be used for the detection of the weak radiation for radio astronomy applications at room temperature. It depends on the upconverting of the microwave signal into the optical domain through a nonlinear material. The proposed scheme is able to provide a very high theoretical photonic efficiency with an enhancement around 2–3 orders of magnitude in comparison to the state-of-the-art photonic efficiency of this concept, to the best of the authors knowledge. It consists of two main parts, a metallic ring resonator, and a Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA).


The large level limit of the $\mathcal{N}=2$ ${\rm SO}(2N)$ Kazama-Suzuki coset models is argued to be equivalent to the orbifold of $4N$ free fermions and bosons by the Lie group ${\rm SO}(2N) \times {\rm SO}(2)$. In particular, it is shown that the untwisted sector of the continuous orbifold accounts for a certain closed subsector of the coset theory. Furthermore, the ground states of the twisted sectors are identified with specific coset representations, and this identification is checked by various independent arguments.


This paper presents the results of a numerical study on the heat transfer performance and the removal process of fluid particles under the influence of magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection in a horizontal channel with an open cavity. The bottom wall of the cavity is heated at a constant temperature (Th) while the top wall of the channel is maintained at a relatively low temperature (Tc). Air with a uniform velocity (u0) and temperature (Tc) is introduced to the channel. The analysis is carried out for a range of values of the Grashof number (103≤Gr≤106), the Reynolds number (1≤Re≤100), and the Hartmann number (0≤Ha≤100).The results show that the heat transfer rate increases as the Grashof number increases and decreases as the Reynolds and Hartmann numbers increase. It is also shown that the removal process accelerates as the Grashof number increases and, however, decelerates as the Reynolds and Hartmann numbers increase.


The glycogen concentration and the activity of several enzymes of glycogen metabolism have been measured in the mucosal tissues of the oviduct, cervix and vagina, as well as in the endometrium and caruncIes of ewes at days 0, 8, 15, 22, 30 and 44 of pregnancy. Enzyme activities were also determined in uterine and cervical rinsings.


Source Citation Jafar TH, Schmid CH, Landa M, et al., for the ACE Inhibition in Progressive Renal Disease Study Group. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and progression of nondiabetic renal ...


In Eulerian computations of two-phase flow, iterative methods are usually employed to solve the discretised sets of equations (comprised of the momentum and continuity equations for each phase) that govern the flow. The iterative process is often troublesome in its convergence behaviour and sometimes fails to converge at all. A major role in affecting the robustness and stability characteristics of the solution algorithm is known to be played by the magnitude of the interphase force term in the momentum equations and by how it is treated numerically. In this paper different schemes for treating the interphase force term in an iterative procedure based on the pressure-correction principIe are examined; they range from the fully explicit (where the whole of the term is evaluated at the previous iteration) to an almost fully implicit treatment based on the elimination of phase velocities from the momentum equations of the counterpart phase. The schemes are applied to the computation of dispersed bubbly flow in oneand two-dimensional configurations for a wide range of loading (i.e. average phase fraction) and of bubble diameter. The performance of the schemes is compared against each other. It is shown that in some cases only the fully implicit treatment is able to produce converged results. 1. INTRODUCTlON One of the two to the basic approaches j mathematical modelling of two-phase flows is the Eulerean two-fluid model (Ishii 1975), where both phases are treated as inter-penetrating continua whose motion is governed by appropriately averaged conservation equations written for each phase. After averaging, interphase terms arise in the momentum equations, representing forces due to transfer of momentum and mass between the phases, such as drag, virtual mass etc., and these terms must be modelled. When the partial differential equations comprising these forces are solved numerically, by means of iterative finite-difference or finite-volume methodology, convergence problems may arise due to the magnitude of the interphase force term (Stewart & Wendroff 1974). It is the purpose of the present paper to analyse different ways of handling this term numerically. In general the interphase force (FD) may be linearised by writing it as proportional to the relative velocity (ur); thus, for example for the liquid phase in a dispersed gas (G) liquid (L) mixture:


Tremendous efforts have been madeto propose numerous indices for quantifyingstates of eutrophication in lentic water bodies over the last decades. Most of the indices are developed or modified considering conventional trophic state indices (e.g., Carlson trophic state index (TSI)) or pre-specified ranges of cause and response variables (e.g., index proposed by Organization of Economic and Cooperation and Development (OECD)), where a strong correlation structure must exist among cause and response variables. Here an attempt is made to model impreciseness or subjectivity of trophic state levels,especially for weakly correlated variables. A generalized framework using fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE), analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the concept of statistical entropyis proposed to assess the trophic state of lentic water bodies. The proposed methodology has been tested with the case study of Jordan lake data set collected from the United States of Geological Survey (USGS) data base.The result shows that, the eutrophication problem is critical mostly during the months of August to October,and the method can efficiently capture the rapid changes in trophic states.The sensitivity of the model has been tested with different weight structures for cause and response variables considered during model development, and the robustness of the model has also been tested with different weighting techniques.


This paper deals with the simulation of a vector controlled three phase rectifier designed to give UPF operation. A brief review of different control strategies are also given. The main issue with the use of conventional bridge rectifiers/controlled rectifiers is the injection of unwanted harmonics into the gird. The input current will be highly distorted and out of phase. Due to various harmonic standards which put limits on the amount of harmonics and current ripple in the source current, the bridge type rectifiers are being replaced by improved power quality converters which satisfy the standards. The three phase rectifier implemented in this work is characterized by its input current being almost sinusoidal, reduced current ripple, controllable DC output voltage and UPF operation. Synchronous reference frame control strategy is opted and simulations are done for both linear current control and hysteresis current control strategy. The PLL is realized using software PLL in synchronous reference frame.