Linepipe steels used for pipeline construction in arctic and seismically active environments are designed to withstand significant plastic strain in the longitudinal direction to ensure mechanical integrity. High uniform elongation and low yieldto-tensile strength ratio (YR) are part of the overall linepipe specification to ensure adequate strain capacity in these applications. These properties can be achieved in commercial-grade linepipe steels, e.g., X60, with a dual phase (DP) microstructure. However, upon short-duration exposures at relatively low temperatures during the application of fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) coating, a significant degradation in uniform elongation and YR is observed, a phenomenon commonly referred to as strain aging. This paper describes the mechanistic understanding of strain aging in dual phase X60 grade linepipe steels and the development of commercial-grade steels resistant to strain aging through modifications to manufacturing processes and steel chemistry.


The article is devoted to theoretical and methodological generalization of the phenomenon of dissident movement as a historical prototype of political opposition in the regimes of "real socialism" in Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. The author identified key types of nonconformist actions that can shear the political opposition, i.e. resistance, disagreement or dissent and opposition. It was generalized that the discovered and determined sequence of nonconformist actions is described with a common root, i.e. protest. However, it was theoretically and methodologically argued that the logical structure of the triad "resistance – dissent – opposition" have to be determined on the basis of social and political importance of a given scientific construct.


Reinforcement (1,1) a pair of deformed bar of the present invention spiro-formed steel joints belonging to the deformed bar are connected by using male thread (1c) thereof and the barrel (2) provided in its ends. Each reinforcement (1) as a wire material made of iron by roll forming and the circumferential surface of the outer ridge (1b) shaped and other portions than the portion in the longitudinal direction of greater diameter of the enlarged diameter portion formed. The outer diameter of the enlarged diameter portion of a reinforced reinforcement comprising (1) of the ridges (1a) of the outermost diameter (D1) less. The diameter of the portion, formed by rolling the male screw portion (1c).


Controller Area Network (CAN) is a real-time serial communication bus initially introduced for automotive applications, and then widely used in industrial control environments such as industrial automation, and smart building management. With priority based bit-wise arbitration used in medium access control method, no time is wasted for collisions and the highest priority message is guaranteed to access the bus first. This provides a guaranteed low latency for real-time applications. On the other hand, since all the nodes have to observe each other's transmission level within a single bit-time, the bus has to be at a limited length at a given bit-rate. This paper introduces a new solution to extend CAN systems over an ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) backbone network by using remote bridging. Besides extending CAN, this method also provides an opportunity for CAN to incorporate with the future fast network technology of ATM.


Black feminist thought cannot challenge race, gender, and class oppression without empowering African-American women. "Oppressed people resist by identifying themselves as subjects,by defining their reality, shaping their new identity, naming their history, telling their story."1 The practice of storytelling or Narrative 2 is deeply rooted in AfricanAmerican culture. It is a tradition based on the continuity of wisdom, and it functions to assert the voice of the oppressed. Storytelling is not merely a means of entertainment. It is also an educational tool, and for many, it is a way of life. For others, it is the only way to comprehend, analyze, and deal with life. In this paper, I argue for the value of storytelling or Narrative in the broad and nebulous field of theory in general, with a particular focus on its utility in the area of Black Feminist Theory.3 Most students of "the law"-whether the practice of law or the theory of its construction-have come to recognize legal theory as a rather intimidating area of study. This intimidation is grounded in the inaccessible language and abstract application of theoreti-


Chinese Abstract: 究文獻也相對的蓬勃發展。國內對於可轉債的研究,可大致歸類為兩大方向:公司發行可轉債的原因,與可轉債的定價。前者是從公司資本結構的角度出發,後者則是從財務工程的角度出發,卻沒有從投資學角度研究可轉債的文獻。美國的研究發現:折價可轉債投資組合的報酬,顯著高於市場投資組合的報酬。本研究即針對台灣國內發行的可轉換公司債進行類似的研究,而且本研究使用兩種建立折價可轉債組合的方式:買入且持有(buy and hold)與買入再賣出(buy and sell)。研究結果發現:使用市場模式(market model)描述折價可轉債的報酬時,發現異常報酬(alpha值)顯著大於零,系統風險(beta值)則顯著的小於0.5。本文的研究結果除了說明台灣的市場狀況與美國市場大致吻合,更證明臺灣折價可轉債的投資條件優於美國的相對市場。English Abstract: Due to the increasing amount of convertible bonds issued by Taiwan's corporations, the academic papers on convertible bonds substantially grows. These researches can be categorized into two main directions: the first one is on the fair valuation of convertible bonds, and the second on the motivation of issuing convertible bonds. The former is developed from the perspective of financial engineering, and the latter is from the perspective of corporate finance. However, there hasn't emerged research on the investment of convertible bonds. According to the research of American convertible bond market, there exist abnormal returns from investing discount convertible bonds. We use market model to analyze the returns of discount convertible bonds portfolios established via both buy-and-sell and buy-and-hold strategies. Our research reveals that there exist even more abnormal returns from investing Taiwan's discount convertible bonds. What is more, its systematic risk (Beta) is less than 0.5.


State of the Art. Construction Equipment and Tools. Construction Techniques and Practices. Engineering Construction Review and Inspection. Exploration For Drilled Pier Foundations. Drilled Pier Specifications and Contract Documents. Minimizing Construction Claims--Excessive Costs--Liabilities. Appendixes. Index.


BACKGROUND
Children have infections more frequently than adults. It may, therefore, be difficult to identify the rare child with immunodeficiency among the many who have recurrent infections but who have a normal immune system.

OBJECTIVE
The focus of this article will be on differentiating normal children from those with childhood primary immunodeficiency, through thorough clinical evaluation, and outlining some of the more important immunodeficiency diagnoses.

DISCUSSION
When investigating for immunodeficiency, the best available diagnostic tool is a thoughtful clinician with a good working knowledge of what is normal in terms of frequency and severity of childhood infection.


Education of Tibetan women in Gansu and Qinghai provinces lags behind owing to the negative ideas of women and special taboos and customs.In order to promote their education levels and comprehensive quality,the support from all walks of people and great efforts of these Tibetan women are needed.


Abstract : This study presents a 4 year program of human sexuality training for use at the United States Military Academy. It analyzes the military environment to determine factors related to human sexuality that could potentially impede organizational effectiveness. From this analysis a training program is systematically designed to provide future leaders better capability to deal with problems of gender integration. Lesson plans addressing physical, social, organizational, leadership, and societal implications of gender integration are also provided. This program could be easily adapted for use in any pre-commissioning program. (Author).


This paper proposes a novel semi-supervised word alignment technique called EMDC that integrates discriminative and generative methods. A discriminative aligner is used to find high precision partial alignments that serve as constraints for a generative aligner which implements a constrained version of the EM algorithm. Experiments on small-size Chinese and Arabic tasks show consistent improvements on AER. We also experimented with moderate-size Chinese machine translation tasks and got an average of 0.5 point improvement on BLEU scores across five standard NIST test sets and four other test sets.


Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (AMKL) accounts for ∼10% of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although AMKL patients with Down syndrome (DS-AMKL) have an excellent 5 year event-free survival (EFS), non-DS-AMKL patients have an extremely poor outcome with a 3 year EFS Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4867. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4867


We take translation as communication that spans different sign-systems to cross interpretational boundaries. From a communicative-functionalist perspective, successful translation of a message replicates those functional states in the receiver that the translator-sender intends. The task of the translator is to reconstruct a message that was originally expressed in one sign system such that the rewritten message can be interpreted in a second sign-system to yield functionally-analogous effects. The problem of translation is developed from within basic cybernetic and semiotic frameworks, outlining different aspects of the semiotic, and how these afford translations that (at least partially) preserve form, meaning, and/or intent. We briefly discuss how semiotic linkages can be embodied in adaptive devices and brains, such that they can be built up over time through experience. From the adaptive, constructive capacities of individuals and their social interactions come shared interpersonal and intersystemic coordinations. Out of these cooperations and behavioral coordinations, mutual understandings can coevolve. To the extent that meaningsystems of individuals in a community are largely congruent (similar observables, sociallycalibrated meanings), social communication can take place within one interpretive framework without translation. To the extent that individuals and groups construct their own meaningsystems that differ from those of others, effective communication necessarily involves translation. Translation can involve syntactics, semantics, and/or pragmatic aspects of sign systems. Syntactic translation involves rewriting of the form of the message, semantic translation the recasting of reference-meanings of a message into other categories, and pragmatic translation the reconstruction of one set of valuations into their analogues.


As one of foreign financial market innovative products,weather derivatives provide new ways to manage and transfer weather risks,the study on pricing of weather derivatives is one of the key issues in research.Based on Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model,this paper applies time series approach to analyze the dynamic variance of weather process,and estimates the parameters by adopting Shanghai' temperature data in 1951~2009,then tests its forecasting result.The study shows that the O-U model can forecast temperature change better combing with time series modeling,and accompanying with Monte Carlo approach,it can be for determining weather derivatives pricing.


The translation process not only involves two languages,but also two relevant social cultures,which requires the translator to take into consideration different cultural backgrounds as well as language and adopt proper translation strategies so as to preserve the cultural features of the original work to the largest extent,and meanwhile make the translation acceptable to readers with a different cultural background.Only in this way can translation be made good use of to play the role of cultural transmission.


Abstract Dr. Caleb Williams Saleeby was the author of Parenthood and Race Culture, one of the first monographs on eugenics and the book that popularized the term "racial poison." The goal of eradicating the racial poisons and the harm they caused — particularly infant morbidity and mortality — provided common ground for early 20th century reformers, and their concerns fed the growing support for legal prohibition of alcohol.


.............................................................................................................................. ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... v Vita ..................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x List of Figures ................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1: Introduction and Motivation ............................................................................. 1 1.1  What is an Opportunity Zone (OZ)? ....................................................................... 1 1.2  The North American Industrial Classification System ........................................... 2 1.3  Why Renewable Energy ......................................................................................... 2 1.4  Summary of Process and Intent .............................................................................. 3 1.5  Limitations of Study ............................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2: Background and Development of Renewable Energy Equations ..................... 5 2.1  Solar Photovoltaics ................................................................................................. 5 2.1.1  Properties of the Sun ............................................................................................... 5 2.1.2  The Photovoltaic Effect .......................................................................................... 8 2.1.3  Photovoltaic System Components ........................................................................ 13 2.1.4  Photovoltaic System Modeling ............................................................................. 16 2.1.5  Why Solar ............................................................................................................. 20 2.1.6  Solar in Ohio ......................................................................................................... 21 viii 2.2  Wind Turbines ...................................................................................................... 22 2.2.1  Wind Turbine Components ................................................................................... 22 2.2.2  Wind Energy Equations ........................................................................................ 23 2.2.3  Wind Energy Modeling......................................................................................... 30 2.2.4  Why Wind ............................................................................................................. 37 2.2.5  Wind in Ohio......................................................................................................... 37 2.3  Biomass Power...................................................................................................... 38 2.3.1  Converting Biomass to Biopower ......................................................................... 38 2.3.2  Biomass Heating Values ....................................................................................... 39 2.3.3  Why Biomass/Biopower ....................................................................................... 40 2.3.4  Biomass in Ohio .................................................................................................... 40 2.4  Geothermal ............................................................................................................ 40 2.4.1  Electricity Generation ........................................................................................... 41 2.4.2  Ground Source Heat Pumps .................................................................................. 45 2.4.3  Why Geothermal Heat Pumps .............................................................................. 49 2.4.4  Geothermal in Ohio............................................................................................... 49 Chapter 3: North American Industrial Classification System ........................................... 50 3.1  How the NAICS is Used ....................................................................................... 50 3.2  What Information NAICS Codes Convey ............................................................ 50 3.3  Examination of NAICS Codes for Renewable Energy Industries ........................ 51 3.3.1  Components .......................................................................................................... 52 3.3.2  Raw Material ......................................................................................................... 58 ix 3.3.3  Services ................................................................................................................. 58 Chapter 4: Methodology of On-site Renewable Energy Potential Calculations and Site Load Sizing using Excel and VBA ................................................................................... 60 4.1  Solar Photovoltaic ................................................................................................. 60 4.2  Wind Turbines ...................................................................................................... 62 4.3  Biomass Energy .................................................................................................... 63 4.4  Geothermal Heat Pumps ....................................................................................... 64 Chapter 5: Determination of Opportunity Zones .............................................................. 72 5.1  General Considerations of an Opportunity Zone .................................................. 72 5.2  Ohio Renewable Energy Resource Maps ............................................................. 76 5.3  Integration of NAICS Codes ................................................................................. 79 5.4  Ohio's Three Opportunity Zones per Renewable Energy Sector ......................... 81 Chapter 6: Summary, Conclusions, and Future Work ...................................................... 88 6.1  Summary of Contributions .................................................................................... 88 6.2  Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 89 6.3  Future Work .......................................................................................................... 89 References ......................................................................................................................... 91 Appendix A: Excel Structure and VBA Code ................................................................. 96 Appendix B: Software Operating Instructions ............................................................... 172


We report a case of sympathetic uveitis occurring 66 years after perforating trauma to the other eye. To our knowledge this is the longest interval ever cited in the literature.


The financing decision function of corporate finance deals with determining the best financing mix or capital structure of the firm in order to maximize the value of firm or wealth of owners. In Ethiopia, Commercial Banks use a combination of debt and equity source of finance in their capital structure. Each source of finance has its own cost of capital in the capital structure and hence effect on value of corporation. The ratio used to measure the proportion of debt to equity is considered as Financial Leverage. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of financial leverage on the financial performance of Ethiopian Commercial Banks for the period of 10 years (2008-2017) for the 5 selected commercial banks. As a measure of financial leverage for the independent variables three variables such as Debt ratio (DR), Debt Equity ratio (DER) and Interest coverage ratio (ICR) (times interest earned ratio) were used. As a measure of financial performance, the dependent variable two ratios such as return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) were used. The ex-post facto and longitudinal research design were used. The secondary data were collected from the audited financial reports (profit and loss statement and statement of financial position) of selected commercial banks operated in Ethiopian financial system. Descriptive statistics and Fixed Effect model were used. The result of the study showed that, Debt Ratio (DR) has a negative insignificant effect on Banks' performance measured by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) while Debt Equity Ratio (DER) And Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) have significant positive Effect on Banks' performance measured by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE).


In November 2010 Norges Bank organised an international symposium on the topic "What is a useful central bank?" which marked the occasion that Governor Svein Gjedrem by the end of 2010 had fully served the second of his two terms as governor of Norges Bank. This book contains the proceedings from the symposium. We are proud to present articles written by well known international experts and leading policy makers. The contributions to the symposium cover a broad range of issues. Governor Svein Gjedrem set the stage on Wednesday 17 November when he gave the speech Making use of the central bank. The speech was given in Norwegian but the English translation is included as Chapter 1 in this book. On Thursday 18 November five papers were presented on topics ranging from historical perspectives on central banking and lessons from the interwar years to current issues related to central banking in emerging economies, the interaction between fiscal policy and monetary policy and central bank governance. The final session of the symposium offered a two hour panel debate on Where do central banks go from here? The panel consisted of leading academic experts and central bank officials and was moderated by Professor Stefan Gerlach from the Institute of Monetary and Financial Stability at the University of Frankfurt. We are happy to include all panelists' introductions in the proceedings.


Cellular reprogramming could dedifferentiate somatic cells into pluripotent state,which has tremendous potential in regenerative medicine.To date,somatic cell nuclear transfer,cell fusion,induction with extracts from oocytes or stem cells,and induction with recipe of defined factors are four major strategies to achieve repro-gramming and therefore change the cell fate in different degrees.Among these,generation of induced pluripo-tent stem cells(iPS) by using defined factors not only usher stem cell research and cellular reprogramming into a new era,but also offer a new technology evidenced by less ethical issues and more convenient and cost-effective system of harvesting pluripotent stem cells for regenerative medicine.Moreover,iPS technology also could facilitate researches in regulation of genes,interaction of proteins,as well as development and differentiation.Therefore,the methods of somatic cell reprogramming,advances and future perspectives of iPS technology were reviewed here.


Spatial cables in suspension bridges may twist between two adjacent suspension points due to transverse tension. To determine the spatial torsion angle of the cables, a scale-reduced suspender bridge model was fabricated and tested in this study. The cable torsion angles of the bridge model under different loading cases were obtained and presented. Theoretical methods (e.g., the coordinate method and the angle method) to calculate the spatial cable torsion angle in the suspender bridge were developed by analyzing the deforming characteristics of the suspender cables. The feasibility and predictive accuracy of the proposed methods were assessed using the experimental results. Results show that the proposed coordinate and angle methods produced similar torsion angles for the main cables, showing a maximum relative error of 10.4 %. Compared to the coordinate method's complex data transformation and measurement procedures, the angle method is more convenient, efficient, and easier to calculate the torsion angle of the main cable. Despite the capability of calculating the spatial cable torsion angles, the coordinate method also exhibits advanced capability in determining the geometric curves of the main cable under different spatial angles.


PENGARUH SIMILAR NAME PACKAGING DENGAN KEPUTUSAN KONSUMEN DALAM MEMBELI PRODUK OREO DAN RODEO (STUDI TERHADAP PERILAKU KONSUMEN DI INDOMARET JL RAYA SINGOSARI NO.1 MALANG ) Murtinah Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Negeri Malang Key words : similar name, consumen decision ABSTRACT There are many products which growth in market has similar name in packaging, symbol, shape, and etc. One brand may become the leader and others may become followers. Although just run in similar product, not meaning that they haven't strategy to growth in market competition. Followers need to reach new consumer and getting new customer. Similar name strategy same with me too product, which create same image with positioning product leader in consumer. With this strategy, hope consumer can do the comparative price. And the other, hope consumer thinking that the similar products has the same taste or still one family with product leader. This research is purpose to identify (1) The description of similar name in Oroe and Rodeo in Indomaret Jl Raya Singosari No.1 Malang, (2) The description of customer desicion to buy Oreo and Rodeo in Indomaret Jl Raya Singosari No.1 Malang, (3) The partial influence of similar name to buy Oreo and Rodeo in Indomaret Jl Raya Singosari No.1 Malang, (4) The simultant influence to buy Oreo and Rodeo in Indomaret Jl Raya Singosari No.1 Malang, (5) Variable which is dominantly influence customer decision to buy Oreo and Rodeo in Indomaret Jl Raya Singosari No.1 Malang. The result of regression test showed that there is a significant effects of similar name both in partially and simultanly to customer decision to buy Oreo and Rodeo in Indomaret Jl Raya Singosari No.1 Malang. But in partially, the sub variable shape of packaging haven't significant effect to decision consumer to buy Oreo and Rodeo. Meanwhile, variable similar name which is dominantly influence customer decision to buy Oreo and Rodeo in Indomaret Jl Raya Singosari No.1 Malang is information. Based on the result, it is better for PT Nabisco Foods Indonesia which the maker of Oreo, to increase and take inovation in quality of Oreo that can satisfy their customers so that the customers become loyal to the Oreo.


A decreased growth rate of recombinant cells is observed when a cloned gene protein encoded in a multicopy plasmid is induced from a strong promoter. This negative effect on the cell growth rate may be the consequence of alternate use or reallocation of energy, precursor metabolites, and protein synthesizing machinery. In order to analyze the causes for this adverse effect, we have studied how genetic elements present in multicopy plasmids affect the growth ofrecombinant Escherichia coli (K12ΔH1 ΔtrpEA). Turning on of the PL promoter, whether or not protein‐coding sequences were present downstream of the promoter, decreased the growth of the recombinant cells by 15–50 %. This result suggests that the essential factor(s) for cell growth may be sequestered by the genetic elements present in the plasmids and thus may cause the decreased growth. The negative effect of the de‐repressed PL promoters on cell growth was partially reversed when the par sequence from pSC101 was inserted into the same plasmid. In each case when the plasmid carried only the PL promoter, the PL promoter followed by the N‐terminal part of the protein‐coding region, or the PL promoter followed by complete sequences encoding a protein, the par sequence exhibited a positive effect on the growth rate of the recombinant cells, which usually grow at a slower rate than the host cell. In addition, it was found that the recombinant cells bearing the plasmid with the par locus were as resistant as the host cell to osmotic shock when exposed to distilled water, whereas the recombinant cells bearing the plasmid without the par locus were sensitive to osmotic shock and resulted in lysis.


Recently,the program of regional mineral survey of scale 1:50 000 on the important metallogenic zones has been carrying out in China,it will be of significance on improving the research extent of geology and resources and outlining exploration targets.The stream sediment survey of scale 1:50 000,the magnetic survey of high accuracy,the natural heavy mineral survey and the extraction of remote sensing anomalies are required to use during implementation of program.In terms of the field data from stream sediment survey under the program of regional mineral survey of scale 1:50 000 in Langlike-Niutoushan area where Gansu Province meets Qianhan Province,it is supposed that the anomalies' distribution of Cu,Pb,Zn,Au and Ag is consistent with of Cu-bearing volcanic rock series,the scale of anomaly indicate the great potential of exploration in the peripheral area of mine by studying the geochemical features of Langlike Copper Mine and its adjacent area.


We present a modified version of zirconia-coated carbonyl-iron (CI) particles that were invented at the University of Rochester in 2008. The amount of zirconia on the coating is increased to further protect the iron particles from corrosion when introduced to an acidic environment. Five low-pH, magnetorheological (MR) fluids were made with five acids: acetic, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, and hydrofluoric. All fluids were based on the modified zirconia-coated CI particles. Off-line viscosity and pH stability were measured for all acidic MR fluids to determine the ideal fluid composition for acidic MR finishing of chemical-vapor–deposited (CVD) zinc sulfide (ZnS) and other infrared (IR) optical materials, such as hot-isostatic-pressed (HIP) ZnS, CVD zinc selenide (ZnSe), and magnesium fluoride (MgF2). Results show significant reduction in surface artifacts (millimeter-size, pebble-like structures on the finished surface) for several standard-grade CVD ZnS substrates and good surface roughness for the non-CVD MgF2 substrate when MR finished with our advanced acidic MR fluid.


Scene reconstruction in the presence of high-speed motion and low illumination is important in many applications such as augmented and virtual reality, drone navigation, and autonomous robotics. Traditional motion estimation techniques fail in such conditions, suffering from too much blur in the presence of high-speed motion and strong noise in low-light conditions. Single-photon cameras have recently emerged as a promising technology capable of capturing hundreds of thousands of photon frames per second thanks to their high speed and extreme sensitivity. Unfortunately, traditional computer vision techniques are not well suited for dealing with the binary-valued photon data captured by these cameras because these are corrupted by extreme Poisson noise. Here we present a method capable of estimating extreme scene motion under challenging conditions, such as low light or high dynamic range, from a sequence of high-speed image frames such as those captured by a single-photon camera. Our method relies on iteratively improving a motion estimate by grouping and aggregating frames after-the-fact, in a stratified manner. We demonstrate the creation of high-quality panoramas under fast motion and extremely low light, and super-resolution results using a custom single-photon camera prototype. For code and supplemental material see our $\href{https://wisionlab.com/project/panoramas-from-photons/}{\text{project webpage}}$.


The importance of plant–soil feedbacks (PSF) for above‐ground and below‐ground multitrophic interactions is well recognized. However, most studies only condition soil for a short time before testing the feedback response. Here we investigate the influence of time of conditioning on soil microbiome composition, plant growth and metabolomics, and plant–insect interactions. We used soil collected from large outdoor mesocosms with monocultures of six species and investigated the temporal changes in the soil over a full year. Every 2 months, we assessed the legacy effects of the soils on plant growth of one of the species (Jacobaea vulgaris) in a climate‐controlled chamber. Each time we used tissue culture plants that were genetically identical. We also measured leaf herbivore performance and leaf metabolomes, as well as the abiotic and biotic soil properties. We show that the monoculture soils harboured different microbiomes, but that these varied over time. Growth of the test plants also varied over time and plants grew consistently less well in their own soil. The soil legacy effects on the leaf metabolome were less consistent and varied strongly over time. Networking analysis showed that soil bacteria had stronger effects on the leaf metabolome than fungi early on. However, after 12 months of conditioning, only soil fungal community composition explained the metabolomic profiles of the leaves. Insect herbivory was not affected by soil conditioning, but decreased with increasing time of conditioning. Synthesis. Our results show that the biomass response of the test plants to soil conditioning remained consistent throughout the year, even though both the soil microbiome and leaf metabolomic responses to conditioned soil varied greatly over time. These soil‐induced changes in the metabolome of plants over time can be an important driver of above‐ground multitrophic interactions in nature. Our study demonstrates that the duration of conditioning has a strong impact on plant and soil properties, which highlights that temporal variation is an important aspect to consider in future studies investigating plant–soil interactions.


A general metaphysical account of logic, meaning and reference that developed from the Greeks through the medievals and up into moderne times can be called Aristotelian. Copernician claims (Kant, Frege), radically to replace this paradigm as quasi-Ptolemaic, actually participated in the prolonged decline of scholasticism, after Aquinas in particular. We need to recognize, or to remember, the priority of being to thruth and not to conflate them. We need to explicate the origin of thinking (abstraction) as at one remove from immediate sense-experience. Syllogistic logic then emerges as a true causal account of reasoning in general; it is not some primitve attempt to outline a formal logical system. An account of suppositio as controlling the analogous uses of our finite store of words in reference to an infinite reality itself shaped by crisis-cross patterns of likeness, governs the general picture supplied here.


Through the interviews and questionnaires with the experts and government departments related do the research on the situation of each university's high-level basketball team in Shaanxi province. The result indicates that the main factors which obstacle the development of each university's high-level basketball team are as follows: unreasonable control system, uncompleted enrollment system, the lack of the training time, real match chances, experienced trainers and budget, as well as the ability of the team's selfhelping. If these problems can't be solved efficiently, the teams' existence and development will be troubled. According to that, the author gives some countermeasures and suggestions.


Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a promising substrate for high-power electronics due to its superior mechanical properties and potential outstanding thermal conductivity (κ). As experiments keep pushing the upper limit of κ of Si3N4, it is believed that it can reach 450 W/mK, similar to SiC, based on classical models and molecular dynamics simulations. In this work, we reveal from first principles that the theoretical κ upper limits of β-Si3N4 are only 169 and 57 W/mK along the c and a axes at room temperature, respectively. Those of α-Si3N4 are about 116 and 87 W/mK, respectively. The predicted temperature-dependent κ matches well with the highest available experimental data, which supports the accuracy of our calculations, and suggests that the κ upper limit of Si3N4 has already been reached in the experiment. Compared to other promising semiconductors (e.g., SiC, AlN, and GaN), Si3N4 has a much lower κ than expected even though the chemical bonding and mechanical strengths are close or even stronger. We find the underlying reason is that Si3N4 has much lower phonon lifetimes and mean free paths (<0.5 μm) due to the larger three-phonon scattering phase space and stronger anharmonicity. Interestingly, we find that the larger unit cell (with more basis atoms) that leads to a smaller fraction of acoustic phonons is not the reason for lower κ. Grain size-dependent κ indicates that the grain boundary scattering plays a negligible role in most experimental samples. This work clarifies the theoretical κ upper limits of Si3N4 and can guide experimental research.


The subject of the study is the methods of risk management of participants in the digital financial market. The instrument of the financial market regulator "regulatory sandbox" is currently being actively used or is being prepared for use in developed and developing countries, including the Russian Federation. The digital experimental environment – the author's interpretation of the regulatory sandbox – allows for live, time-limited testing of an innovative financial product or service under constant supervision and in cooperation with the regulator, allowing to reduce the risks not only of the regulator and other participants in the digital financial market, but also of end users of the service, increasing the safety and reliability of the latter. The main conclusions of the study are, firstly, the formation of an improved concept of the regulatory instrument of the financial regulator - a digital experimental environment, which is based on the best practices of the introduction and use of such regulatory instruments by regulators of foreign countries. Within the framework of the concept, the author presents the principles of the organization of the digital experimental environment, goals and objectives, risks, principles of organization, statistics on the timing of the application for participation and the experiment. Secondly, the identification of alternative methods to the regulatory sandbox, including the wait-and-see method and active monitoring. Thirdly, the risks of the regulator arising from the digital transformation of the financial market have been identified.


In this paper, we explore how the use of a software package, Bar Code Medication Administration (BCMA), differs in acute care and long-term care settings. Direct observation of BCMA use during medication administration was conducted on acute care (42 hours) and long-term care (37 hours) wards in a small, medium, and large hospital. The following differences were found for all three hospitals: 1) acute care ward nurses used more detailed printed reports to plan medication passes and detect errors in ordering and dispensing than on the long-term care wards, 2) barcoded wristbands were scanned more frequently to identify patients on acute care than long-term care wards (53% vs. 8%), and 3) nurses administered medications immediately after scanning and opening medication packets more frequently on acute care than long-term care wards (93% vs. 23%). The findings highlight the need to tailor the BCMA software for the long-term care setting in order to improve patient safety.


The accuracy in ranging and direction in locating a target source is crucial in sound source localization and different methods have been proposed due to important applications of sound source localization. One of the methods in sound source localization is triangulation with the time difference of arrival information. In this literature, a modified cross-correlation algorithm is introduced to increase the accuracy in time difference of arrival, thus further improving the sound source localization results. A numerical model is generated by assuming multiple sound sources broadcasting in room environment and the location of the target sound source is identified with the triangulation algorithm. Real-time data are produced through experimental setup using an array of four microphones with a target source and background noise. The signals are processed by modified cross-correlation and conventional cross-correlation for comparison. The impacts of the signal-to-noise ratio and time difference of arrival on sound source localization results are demonstrated and discussed. Experimental validation conducted in a non-ideal environment has shown that the modified cross-correlation algorithm can minimize the error in time difference of arrival to be used in sound source localization, thus improving the accuracy in both sound source ranging and direction.


BACKGROUND
An in-depth understanding of the epidemiology of ill or injured children transported between hospitals is crucial in building regional medical transport services in public health. Although the epidemiological situation varies by nation and region, it has not been well documented in Japan. We described the number of pediatric interhospital transports and examined the regional variations and trends in the recent decade.

METHODS
We performed repeated cross-sectional analyses of children<15 years old undergoing interhospital transports in 2010, 2013, and 2016-19, using the national database of public ambulances of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency in Japan. We stratified the cases into critical care transport(CCT) or non-critical care transport(NonCCT) by the severity of transported children. We calculated the national population-adjusted number of CCTs and described prefectural variations of CCT numbers with analytical thinking.

RESULTS
There were 23,506 CCTs and 138,347 NonCCTs. The national average of population-adjusted CCT numbers was 255 per one million person-year. The statistics varied by prefectures ranging from 25 to 536 per one million person-year. The annual trends were also diverse across prefectures; increasing in nine, decreasing in six, and static in 31 prefectures. In analytical thinking of regional variations, potential contributing factors included available interhospital transport services and the threshold of direct admission and referral to tertiary-care hospitals, whereas regional variations were not well associated with geographical patterns or population size.

CONCLUSIONS
Public ambulance services were substantially used for CCTs/NonCCTs in Japan. Regional variations should be taken into account for the future policymaking of pediatric interhospital transports.


Objective To explore the effect of chemotherapy on glucose metabolism in patients with gynecological malignant tumor.Methods The blood glucose assay and associated clinical data of 469 patients with gynecological malignant tumor who received chemotherapy or operation from January 2000 to December 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Total 35 cases(9.04%) had elevated fasting blood glucose after chemotherapy.Among them,10 cases(2.58%) were diagnosed as diabetes mellitus,18 cases(4.65%) were diagnosed as impaired glucose tolerance.No difference of blood glucose was observed between patients received paclitaxel based chemotherapy and those who received cisplatin based chemotherapy(P0.05).The incidence of disorders of glucose metabolism was related to course mumber.Conclusion It should be emphasized that chemotherapy may have toxicity to insular function,and can induce disorders of glucose metabolism.


High unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, on account of the premixed air-fuel mixture entering the crevices and pre-mature combustion, are setbacks to reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion at a low load. The influence of direct-injected B5 and port injection of biogas at the intake valve was, experimentally, examined in the RCCI mode. The port injection at the valve was to elevate the temperature at low load and eliminate premixing for reduced pre-mature combustion and fuel entering the crevices. An advanced injection timing of 21◦ crank angle before top dead centre and fraction of 50% each of the fuels, were maintained at speeds of 1600, 1800 and 2000 rpm and varied the load from 4.5 to 6.5 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). The result shows slow combustion as the load increases with the highest indicated thermal efficiency of 36.33% at 5.5 bar IMEP. The carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions increased, but UHC emission decreased, significantly, as the load increases. However, CO emission rose from 4.5 to 5.5 bar IMEP, then reduced as the load increases. The use of these fuels and biogas injection at the valve were capable of averagely reducing the persistent challenge of the CO and UHC emissions, by 20.33% and 10% respectively, compared to the conventional premixed mode.


Heat transfer and water vapor transport measurements performed at three laboratories using the "sweating" guarded hot plate apparatus were standard ized based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Standard 11092. Comparison testing was conducted on four standard military uni form materials. The adherence to ISO 11092 resulted in good agreement among the three laboratories between measured values of thermal resistance and water vapor re sistance for the four materials. Factors influencing the accuracy of the test method are also discussed.


Palaran container terminal is located in Kelurahan Bukuan Sub District Palaran Kota Samarinda East Kalimantan. Working on PT Pembangunan Perumahan (Persero) Tbk since June 2008, the container port worth Rp 261 billion was completed in May 2010. After undergoing the test, the terminal or container port was officially declared operational in September 2010. To manage it, PT Samudera Indonesia Tbk To its new subsidiary, PT Pelabuhan Samudera Palaran. As the Jakarta Municipal container terminal in PT PP, the Palaran container terminal is also a new one hundred percent port, starting from scratch. Not the result of upgrading the old port. Featuring a 270 meter dock, this new container terminal is equipped with a 70,200 square meter piling-up field, and has two cranes for container loading and unloading. Located in Bukuan Village, Palaran Subdistrict, this new container terminal is just 5 kilometers to the east of Samarinda Port. From the office of the Governor of East Kalimantan located on the edge of Mahakam, in downtown Samarinda, the distance is only about 9 kilometers. With such large volume growth, the current port capacity will not be sufficient, so a new port with a larger capacity is needed. The realization of this project begins with the tender process of development and operation of the terminal with the scheme BOT (Built, Operate & Transfer) for 50 years organized by Pelindo IV and Samarinda City Government, which was won by PT Samudera Indonesia, Tbk. Furthermore, Special Purpose Company (SPC) was established, PT Palabuhan Samaran Ocean to build and operate TerminalFairholder Container for 50 years. From the results of performance analysis shows that the BOR tends to decline throughout the year since 2001. The lowest BOR achieved in 2016 amounted to 32.2%. The highest BOR was achieved in 2013 of 35.7%. Both the lowest and highest BOR are still below the value provided by UNCTAD, which is 50%. Compared to container crane capacity of 1,468,900 TEUs / year, and RTE capacity of 1,113,900 TEUs / year, the prediction rate is still very far.


Engineering a self-adaptive software system is challenging. During design- as well as run-time, assurance cases are central for ensuring reliable operation of the software. Simulation, in addition to software verification and testing, is a viable means to provide evidence for assurance cases. So far, little attention has been given to the development of underlying simulation models. Here, we argue that a systematic approach to develop simulation models will enhance the overall engineering process and will contribute to seamless integration of simulation and engineering processes. In our approach, we relate an explicit representation of the conceptual model and simulation experiments to artifacts of the engineering process. We will show first steps of applying our approach in a concrete ongoing software project for medical diagnosis, and discuss the role of components of the conceptual model in designing the software as a self-adaptive software system.


We analyze low-energy scattering of positrons on Ar atoms and N{sub 2} molecules using the modified effective-range theory (MERT) developed by O'Malley, et al. [J. Math. Phys. 2, 491 (1961)]. We use the formulation of MERT based on exact solutions of the Schroedinger equation with polarization potential rather than low-energy expansions of phase shifts into momentum series. We show that MERT describes the experimental data well, provided that effective-range expansion is performed both for s- and p-wave scattering, which dominate in the considered regime of positron energies (0.4-2 eV). We estimate the values of the s-wave scattering length and the effective range for e{sup +}-Ar and e{sup +}-N{sub 2} collisions.


Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate which diagnostic method was more efficient and reliable for preoperative T staging of laryngeal cancers by comparing videolaryngostroboscopy (VLS) and computed tomography (CT) findings with histopathologic examination of operation specimens. The main goal was to determine the most rational and accurate approach for preoperative evaluation and staging of larynx cancers. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 58 patients operated on for larynx cancer. Preoperative VLS and CT findings were compared with histopathologic examination results of the operation specimens. The larynx was divided into 12 anatomical areas for this purpose. In addition, thyroid and cricoid cartilage invasion and extralaryngeal invasion parameters were included in the evaluation. Invasion of the tumor was identified by each evaluation method separately. Mobility of the vocal cords and arytenoids was evaluated with VLS. Results: CT was more effective than VLS in the evaluation of the paraglottic area, preepiglottic area, and subglottic area. CT was superior to VLS for the identification of thyroid involvement, cricoid cartilages and extralaryngeal invasion. VLS was more effective than CT for the assessment of the vocal cords and anterior commissure. Both diagnostic methods were effective for identification of tumor on the epiglottis. Conclusion: Success of VLS and CT changes according to the involvement of different anatomic areas. A combination of VLS and CT together, while taking into consideration the location of the tumor, improves accurate staging and consequently the surgical success.


Accurate estimates of design rainfall are essential input in the design of hydraulic structures. Design rainfalls in South Africa for durations of 1 day and longer were last computed using a single station approach in the early 1980s. Currently longer periods of data are now available for analysis. Moreover, techniques for estimating design values using a regional approach, which generally result in more reliable and robust design values than traditional single-site approaches and enables the estimation of design values at ungauged sites, have now become accepted practice internationally. In this paper the results of applying a regionalized index storm approach based on L-moments to estimate 1-7 day duration design rainfalls in South Africa is presented.


Abstract We consider the efficiency bound for the estimation of the parameters of semiparametric models defined solely by restrictions on the means of a vector of correlated outcomes, Y, when the data on Y are missing at random. We show that the semiparametric variance bound is the asymptotic variance of the optimal estimator in a class of inverse probability of censoring weighted estimators and that this bound is unchanged if the data are missing completely at random. For this case we study the asymptotic performance of the generalized estimating equations (GEE) estimators of mean parameters and show that the optimal GEE estimator is inefficient except for special cases. The optimal weighted estimator depends on unknown population quantities. But for monotone missing data, we propose an adaptive estimator whose asymptotic variance can achieve the bound.


This article will describe how maritime domain awareness is critical to U.S. interests and worldwide economic stability and growth. Government agencies and other organizations are continually enhancing maritime domain awareness (MDA) programs by using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data to monitor and derive intelligence from information about real-time and historical vessel movements in major ports and waterways. The Department of Defense Executive Agent for Maritime Domain Awareness (DoD EAMDA) has recognized AIS as a potential tool for enhancing MDA initiatives. In May 2010, the EAMDA announced plans to integrate capabilities that enable non-classified information sharing to build partnership capacities. The focus of this article is to define an integration architecture that can be used for non-classified data sharing, and standardize the Virtual Regional Maritime Traffic Center suite, utilizing AIS data via an internet-based system.


Introduction: Splash-form tektites are wholly melted bodies in which the molten primary morphology was principally controlled by cohesive forces, most importantly by surface tension and variably opposed by centrifugal forces from non-uniaxisymmetric rotation. Ultimately the majority of splash-form tektites are plastically deformed by atmospheric interaction during the ejection phase and variably heated / ablated then cooled / spalled during re-entry. Muong Nong-type layered tektites can be larger [1] [2]; however, these were not fully molten tektite droplets controlled by surface tension. Up to 2011, the heaviest splash-form tektite in the Australasian tektite strewn field, and in the world, was from Paracale-Labo, Bicol Region, Philippines and recovered by Prof. Henry Otley Beyer in April 1937 [3]. This tektite was donated to the Corning Museum of Glass in 2000 by Darryl S. Futrell [4]. It is catalogued as '2000.7.4', measures 984 mm maximum diameter, 905 mm minimum diameter [5] and accurately weighed as 1,070.54 grams [4]. The slightly off-spherical tektite is generally smooth with one side slightly more pitted. It has not been X-rayed. Previously, the same specimen has been reported as 1,065 g [6], 1,069 g [7], 1,069.6 g (4ʺ diameter) [3] and 1,070 g (a little over 4ʺ diameter) [8] and probably erroneously at 1,080 g [9]. In 2011, remarkably, this record was broken twice with two large tektites found within kilometers of the Beyer tektite: These new tektites are described and discussed. New Finds: On 5th February 2011 a 1,194.80 gram (± 0.02 g) tektite was found in Talusan Barangay (within ~1 km of 14°14'52"N, 122°46'4"E), Paracale Municipality, Camarines Norte Province, Bicol Region, Philippines. Attempts to acquire this tektite failed and it was exported to Munich, Germany, on 9th February 2011. It was then exchanged for mineral specimens with a dealer in Melbourne, Australia, before reappearing on 16th May 2011. The specimen was purchased by the author and brought back to the Philippines. The 1,194.80 g tektite has a smooth, locally lightly pitted, surface and is slightly off-spherical with dimensions 111 x 107 x 103 mm. It has a volume of approximately 643 ml and so should weigh 1,575 g. It was therefore concluded that the specimen contained a 66.7 mm diameter bubble. An X-ray taken on 19 September 2011 indicated a bubble of 72 x 71 mm (likely slightly exaggerated due to the X-ray projection onto the film). Reportedly on 23rd August 2011 a new tektite weighing 1,281.89 g (± 0.02 g) was found. At the time of purchase (24th August 2014) the author was told the specimen was found by a gold panner called Ronnel Canaria who comes from Malatap Barangay (within ~3 km of 14°9'16"N, 122°36'37"E), Labo Municipality, Camarines Norte Province, Bicol Region, Philippines. Later, the author was told by his middle man that the specimen itself came from Magsimalo (often cited as 14°17'0"N, 122°45'0"E, but also the name of a river / stream, probably with 3 km of these coordinates, more likely to the east in the author's opinion), Paracale Municipality, Camarines Norte Province, Bicol Region, Philippines. The 1,281.89 g tektite has a smooth, locally lightly pitted, surface and is slightly off-spherical with dimensions 105 x 102 x 101 mm. It has a volume of approximately 601 ml and so should weigh 1,472.3 g. It was therefore concluded that the specimen contained a 53 mm diameter bubble. An X-ray taken on 19 September 2011 indicated a bubble of 61 x 60 mm (likely slightly exaggerated due to the X-ray projection onto the film).


Summary & ConclusionsThe Forward of the Aerospace Standard AS13004 Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (PFMEA) and Control Plans defines the industry challenge of designing and producing a safe, dependable, and reliable product in today's global environment. It reads, "To assure customer satisfaction, the aviation, space, and defense industry organizations have to produce and continually improve safe, reliable products that equal or exceed customer and regulatory authority requirements. The globalization of the industry and the resulting diversity of regional/national requirements and expectations have complicated this objective. End-product organizations face the challenge of assuring the quality of and integration of product purchased from suppliers throughout the world and at all levels within the supply chain. Industry suppliers face the challenge of delivering product to multiple customers having varying quality expectations and requirements." The world is becoming smaller and there are many opportunities for organizations to cross-over into other industries. Most manufacturers have well-defined systems engineering product development processes based on their current industry. However, global customer requirements demand reliability risk analysis, for both product and process designs, in different formats based on different standards. With limited resources and time, organizations must figure out a common process and format that will meet the needs of all customers. The challenge also extends to ensuring suppliers are all meeting the same requirements. There are 6 steps (phases) organizations follow to complete their quality and reliability risk analysis (FMEA or FMECA) of the product and process designs. Organizations will be able to identify a common documentation format that will deliver the required information of any industry standard. Those 6 steps are: 1) Planning; 2) Preparation; 3) Problem Analysis of Product (or Process) Risk; 4) Risk Assessment and Actions; 5) Actions Results, Risk Reassessment (and Control Plans); and 6) Audit, Feedback, and Follow-up Loop. Consistent application of a common process is critical. If an organization falls short in any one area of the process it could affect the overall quality and reliability of their product.FMEA standards have continuously evolved based on changes in industry application and product complexity. Organizations need to evaluate their internal FMEA process to understand if it will support the quality and reliability expectations of both themselves and their customers. Some standards (such as MIL-STD-1629A) have been cancelled for many years and have not had the benefit of updates based on industry knowledge. If your FMEA process does not consider the following process steps there is an increased possibility your product will not meet your internal or customer requirements


During the traditional mechanized harvesting of cabbage the heads are severely injured. In this regard, the purpose of research is to provide scientific justification for the new technology and devices for machine harvesting cabbage in a sparing mode. Using mathematical modeling, new methods of cabbage harvesting are justified, which provide for a gentle mode of shipment of heads by a combine harvester using a special device, first on a flexible flooring, and then carefully transferring them manually into containers. Thus, the methods of reducing the damage to cabbage heads during machine cleaning are formulated, and the nature of the influence of the main parameters of the proposed devices on the quality of the working process is analytically revealed. As a result, the rational parameters of the devices were determined: the departure of the loading zone of the tray Δ=0.100-0.150 m with its Flexural stiffness EI=16-20 H.m2 , the height difference of the edges of the flexible flooring h=0.25 m. The production test established the consistency of the proposed new technology of machine harvesting of cabbage and the possibility of reducing the damage to the heads to a level not exceeding 5-7% of the total mass of products.


Stunting is regarded as one of the nutritional problems in Indonesia. The prevalence of stunted toddlers in Indonesia showed a decline from 37.2 percent in 2013 to 30.8 percent in 2018. However, this was still far from the WHO target, which should be less than 20 percent. There were two objectives of this study, firstly, to determine the general condition of health and nutrition of toddlers as well as the general condition of households in Indonesia. The second one was to examine the determinants of stunting in toddlers. The data were obtained from Riskesdas 2018, Podes 2018, and population projections per district/city from Statistics Indonesia. The method was carried out using descriptive and inferential analysis. The findings showed that all regions in Indonesia, excluding DKI Jakarta, experienced cases of stunted toddlers categorized in high and very high categories. The regression results confirmed that the prevalence of malnutrition toddlers, the prevalence of obese toddlers, complete basic immunization coverage, the prevalence of chronic energy deficiency in women of childbearing age, the proportion of villages that had adequate midwives per population, as well as the coverage of access and clean water sources had a significant effect on the prevalence of stunted toddlers in Indonesia. The case of stunted toddlers was mainly caused by poverty, bad lifestyle, inadequate health services, and low access to clean water. Therefore, the government policies are then needed, especially those related to socio-economic determinants.


Spinal dysraphism is a group of congenital anomalies involving incomplete midline closure of bony, neural, and soft tissue elements.1–5 The condition represents one of the more common congenital malformations in the Western world. The dysraphic states can be classified into open or closed forms. Open defects can be further subdivided into either meningoceles or myelomeningoceles, depending on whether or not these meninges lined defects contain neural tissue. The majority of these open dysplasias are associated with the Chiari II malformation, in which the posterior fossa contents are displaced into the upper spinal canal and accompanied by ventriculomegaly. In 1986, Nicolaides and associates described two characteristic cranial findings associated with the Chiari II malformation, the "lemon sign" and the "banana sign."6 These signs have been shown to be very sensitive in the detection of Chiari malformations and the associated open form of spinal dysraphism. Occult dysraphic lesions, however, compose a more heterogeneous spectrum of abnormalities, including dermal sinus, lipomyelomeningocele, diastematomyelia, and various types of spinal lipomas. Unlike their open counterparts, these closed neurulation defects do not have accompanying cranial findings, making prenatal diagnosis more challenging. We present an unusual case of a lipomyelomeningocele with tethered cord, which was diagnosed on prenatal ultrasonography. An ultrasonogram showed the posterior fossa to be normal. The abnormality was identified only upon imaging of the lumbosacral spine.


Few management studies have examined small ephemeral tidal inlets. The magnitude of short-term shoreline changes associated with some ephemeral inlets makes desirable the development of management plans that reduce the inlet-shoreline interactions while avoiding the costs of inlet or shoreline stabilization. The method used to develop a management plan for Mecox Inlet consisted of: 1) an analysis of the management problem, 2) a field study of inlet hydraulics and morphology and inlet-shoreline interactions, and 3) the development of a management scheme designed to reduce inlet-shoreline interactions while maximizing inlet flushing and lowering water levels in Mecox Bay. This study recommended opening Mecox Inlet more frequently to flush and drain Mecox Bay as well as opening the inlet as far updrift (east) of impacted shorelines as considered feasible.


We present the results of two-dimensional and three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical numerical simulations of relativistic magnetic reconnection, with particular emphasis on the acceleration gained by the plasma in a Petschek-type configuration. The numerical scheme adopted, allowing for unprecedented accuracy for this type of calculations, is based on high order finite volume and discontinuous Galerkin methods as recently proposed by Dumbser (2009) The possibility of producing high Lorentz factors is discussed, by studying the effects produced on the dynamics by different magnetization and resistivity regimes. We show that Lorentz factors close to 4 can be produced for a plasma parameter beta=0.05. The effects of a mildly anisotropic Ohm law are also considered in a configuration with a guide magnetic field. Such effects produce only slightly faster reconnection rates and Lorentz factors of about 1% larger with respect to the perfectly isotropic Ohm law.


Observations show that Io's atmosphere is dominated by SO2 and other sulfur and sulfur oxide species, with minor amounts of Na, K, and Cl gases. Theoretical modeling and recent observations show that NaCl, which is produced volcanically, is a constituent of the atmosphere. Recent Galileo, HST and ground-based observations show that some volcanic hot spots on Io have extremely high temperatures, in the range 1400-1900 K. At similar temperatures in laboratory experiments, molten silicates and oxides have significant vapor pressures of Na, K, SiO, Fe, Mg, and other gases. Thus vaporization of these species from high temperature lavas on Io seems likely. We therefore modeled the vaporization of silicate and oxide lavas suggested for Io. Our results for vapor chemistry are reported here. The effects of fractional vaporization on lava chemistry are given in a companion abstract by Kargel et al.


To provide valuable reference for selecting optimal origin of Chinese herbal medicine,Schisandra chinensis fruits were collected from 16 origins,and their deoxyschizandrin and schisandrin B contents were analyzed by HPLC.The results indicated that there exited significant differences in deoxyschizandrin and schisandrin B contents among different origins,with the highest contents being 2.14 and 3.3 times as high as those of the lowest,respectively.The deoxyschizandrin content had a significant positive correlation with temperature and humidity,while schisandrin B content didn't.The Weihe County in Heilongjiang Province and Liuhe County in Jilin Province were tentatively selected as the optimal origins of S.chinensis fruit based on the contents of main medicaments.


State monads in cartesian closed categories are those defined by the familiar adjunction between product and exponential. We investigate the structure of their algebras, and show that the exponential functor is monadic provided the base category is sufficiently regular, and the exponent is a non-empty object.


Abstract In an attempt to evaluate the importance of physical and biotic factors affecting the distribution of species of the cutworm genus Euxoa, a multivariate regression analysis, as based on a light-trapping survey in western North America, has been conducted. The possible contributory factors have been grouped into four major categories relating to geography, habitat, period of flight, and sample size. Sample size is a composite value reflecting both suitability of habitat and suitability of weather conditions at the time the sample was taken. Geographic factors considered were latitude, altitude, and longitude; habitat factors were mean annual temperature, mean July temperature, mean January temperature, mean annual rainfall and plantform; factors relating to period of flight were calendar date, mean temperature on date of sample, photoperiod, and the phenological date. Except for photoperiod, the variables listed were considered in a quadratic as well as a natural function in the regression analysis. With the number of species of Euxoa as the dependent variable and the factors listed above as the independent variables a total reduction of 76.0% in the residual variance was obtained. When only four variables, sample size, mean annual temperature, mean annual rainfall, and phenological date were employed in a similar regression analysis, however, a reduction of 68.7% in the residual variance was obtained. On the basis of present evidence, it appears that temperature and rainfall are primary factors governing the abundance of species of Euxoa in a given habitat.


Discussion of the economic development–pollution link has, with some exceptions (Boyce 2002; Burkett 2006; Foster 2000, 1999; Foster and Burkett 2008; Foster, Clark, and York 2010; Jorgenson 2011, 2006a, 2006b, 2003), primarily been addressed from the perspective of orthodox economics. The resulting Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) literature generally finds that as economic development increases, pollution peaks and then decreases. From this research one would conclude that continued economic development can have positive environmental impacts in the long run by lowering pollution. This orthodox EKC argument, however, leaves much to be desired with respect to its assumptions concerning the development-pollution link and its prediction of a long-term decline in pollution. Marxists have not sufficiently addressed the limitations of the orthodox EKC argument, rejecting the argument outright due to its association with modernization discourse (York, Rosa, and Dietz 2003). While existing critiques are useful, they overlook the utility of posing an alternative Marxian Environmental Kuznets Curve (M-EKC) model that would reject modernization explanations of the long-term relationship between capitalism and pollution, and replace it with a political-economic explanation. In the present work, we present this alternative M-EKC model. To make sense of our M-EKC argument, we first describe orthodox EKC assumptions. Then we review the findings of recently published (2013– 2014) EKC studies. That literature illustrates that evidence favoring the traditional EKC argument is mixed and depends on the method of analysis employed. Next we examine ways in which capitalism produces the rise and fall of pollution, and why another rise in pollution and cyclical pollution patterns as such should emerge over time. To do so, one must place the


Currently, many international companies in Iraq struggle to implement successful oil and gas projects caused by poor logistics. Although dramatic progress is required, improvements in logistics are proceeding at a very slow pace. This research identifies the current logistics status in the Iraqi oil & gas industry and measures the relative efficiency of Iraq logistics in comparison with 157 countries using the two-stage DEA model: the first stage evaluates the efficiency of supply chain service delivery, and the second stage measures the national logistics efficiency in the local economy. The overall efficiency of national logistics is also measured. Then, the author provides practical recommendations on how to improve logistics and the economy based on the results of efficiency score, return to scale (RTS), reference set and DEA projection value. This study suggests that Iraq should reengineer its customs processes, increase its investment on infrastructure, and improve the quality of its service in order to attract more global logistics service providers.


This chapter analyses e-learning from an industry perspective. The chapter studies how the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) will affect the market for university teaching. This is done by the use of a scenario framework developed for the study of ICT impact on knowledge industries. This framework is applied on the case of e-learning by drawing on practical experiences made at the Center for Information and Communication Technologies (CICT) at Technical University of Denmark. The impact of ICT on knowledge services such as e-learning relates to production processes, content, and delivery. Production of knowledge services can, as the production of goods and of other services, make use of ICT in order to increase efficiency. This can for instance be done through processing, sharing, and reuse of data. A special feature for information services is that electronic delivery can be used both in the production process and in delivery to end users. Electronic delivery is, however, not just a new way to deliver an existing service. Electronic delivery changes the content of the service delivered. Provision of online acabstRact


In this letter, we propose an interference-aware resource allocation algorithm for the uplink of OFDMA systems. It comprises a macrocell overlaid with short range femtocells. We define the interferences that occur between a macrocell and femtocells and present the resource assignment algorithm to resolve and mitigate the cross-tier interference effect based on the defined interference factors. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs well in a macrocell and femtocells.


Abstract Postmortem Examination of Traffic Injury-related Fatality: Medico-legal and Clinical Aspects Boonsak Hanterdsith Department of Emergency Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Lamphun Hospital Journal of Health Science 2010; 19: Aims of this descriptive research were to study general characteristics of traffic injury-related fatality and emergency care involving both medico-legal and clinical aspects. The author retrospectively reviewed all data on traffic injury-related death, which examined by forensic doctor, between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2009. Main variables consisted of gender, age, place of death, cause and manner of death. The probability of survival (Ps) score using TRISS methodology was calculated only in patients who died at the emergency room of Lamphun Hospital. All data were analyzed and presented in frequency or percentage. In all, 154 bodies were included in this study. Ninety six cases died on the spot. Eighteen cases died at the emergency room of Lamphun Hospital. The most frequent cause of death was head injury (74 cases). Probability of survival-Ps of cases, who died at the emergency room, ranged from 0 to 82.6 percent. Three cases had Ps more than 50 percent. All data from postmortem examination were valuable for medico-legal aspects especially to explore cause and manner of death, as differences between postmortem inquest and autopsy results in some cases emerged. The study also showed that death at the traffic accident scene is still a major public heath problem. Emergency medical service and accident prevention program should be developed to prevent pre-hospital death. All fatal cases at any emergency room dictate a need to calculate Ps and a thorough review to improve quality of trauma care. In conclusion, complete postmortem investigation always yield valuable information on both medico-legal and clinical aspects. traffic injury-related death, postmortem examination, medico-legal and clinical aspects Key words:


In this paper we deal with semistable sheaves which can be represented as the cokernel of an injective (or as the kernel of a surjective) morphism $E_1\otimes\CC^m\longrightarrow E_2\otimes\CC^n$ , where $E_1$ and $E_2$ are exceptional bundles. To each such a sheaf we assign the linear map $\CC^m\otimes\hom^*(E_1,E_2)\longrightarrow \CC^n$. We obtain sufficient conditions on the topological invariants of the sheaves for the moduli space of the sheaves to be isomorphic to the quotient of an open subset in $\PP{\cal L}(\CC^m\otimes\hom^*(E_1,E_2),\CC^n)$ under the action of SL$(\CC^m)\times$SL$(\CC^n)$.


This study aims to determine the influence of satisfaction, perceived value, trust, and the store affect loyalty in Giant Supermarket. Data on research obtained by distributing questionnaires to the respondents are people who shop at Giant Supermarket. The research method is to use multiple linear regression. From the analysis of data, in this study shows that simultaneous satisfaction variables, perceived value, trust, and store affect influence positive effect on store loyalty. While the partial test showed that the variables of satisfaction, perceived value, and store affect influence positive effect on store loyalty. While the partial variable showed that variable trust has no effect on loyalty. In this study, the most dominant variable of store loyalty is a affect of store variable. Keywords: satisfaction, perceived value, trust, store affect, loyalty, linier multiple regression, Giant Supermarket.


Application of highly N-doped buffer layers or a (N+B)-doped buffer layer to PiN diodes to suppress the expansion of Shockley stacking faults (SSFs) from the epilayer/substrate interface was studied. These buffer layers showed very short minority carrier lifetimes of 30–200 ns at 250°C. The PiN diodes were fabricated with buffer layers of various thicknesses and were then tested under high current injection conditions of 600A/cm2. The thicker buffer layers with shorter minority carrier lifetimes demonstrated the suppression of SSFs expansion and thus that of diode degradation.


This paper describes an information optimizing scheme which is developed by integrating rough set and hierarchical data fusion. The novel structural damage indices are extracted using the information from different sources and then imported into probabilistic neural network (PNN) for classification and health assessment. In order to enhance the accuracy of diagnosis, results from separate PNN classification are fused to achieve comprehensive decision. Rough set is employed to decrease the spatial dimension of data. The predictive accuracy of optimizing scheme is demonstrated on a helicopter, taken as an example, with varied sensors, for multiple damage identification.


Through analyzing the data of European rail timetables,this paper summarizes the characteristics and laws of the operation plan based on the network nodes system for European high-speed train,a series of involved issues are considered,including some aspects of passenger train service plan,such as the choice of train origin and destination,design of train stops,train connection and transfer,the combination mode of through train and transfer train,the structure of timetables,and the operation plan of high-speed trains running off high-speed railway etc.Several suggestions for the operation of our country's future rapid passenger transportation network are provided in terms of the advanced concepts and methods in Europe.


The invention relates to a process for producing a hard-material-coated component, comprising the following steps: application of a layer of hard material to the component in a PVD coating unit; and structural further processing of the outer surface of the layer of hard material, and to a component produced using the process. Particularly in the case of thick coatings or coatings with a columnar structure, such processes have a problem producing a sufficiently smooth surface on the coating. This problem is solved by the fact that for the structural further processing, the surface of the layer is blasted in a blasting device in order to improve this surface, an inorganic blasting agent with a grain size in the range from 1 mu m to 100 mu m and a sharp-edged grain shape being used.


Along with the increasing income levels of Chinese consumers followed by the economic development of the Chinese market, these safety issues of Chinese drinking water and contamination problems in connection with sources have been leading the consumers to be more cautious about their 'well-being' an...


Yucatec land and labor arrangements before and after Spanish incursions are examined for ruptures and continuities. The Western concept of private property is found to ring hollow in a landscape in which intersecting spheres of authority (including those of supernaturals) guide protocols of access and extraction. Furthermore, no simple dichotomy between pre- and post-colonial can explain the range of land arrangements and networks of labor that existed across Yucatán. Through the input of labor or as a consequence of geomorphology, a patchwork of high-productivity micro-environments can be found across Yucatán and on Cozumel Island. Cultivation and/or extraction at these resource-intensive production zones encompassed a large range of labor arrangements and interdependencies during Pre-Columbian times. In general, land and labor are conceptualized as suspended within relationships of shifting authority. In reference to both land labor, authors break with the construct of "control over" and embrace the phrase "authority to," which recognizes the role of negotiation and the inclusion of supernatural forces perceived to have played a structuring role in the disposition of land and labor.


This research aimed to assess the freshness of farmed tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) eviscerated and stored in ice for 30 days. The changes observed in the fish over storage were monitored through sensory evaluation Quality Index Method (QIM), pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and microbiological analyses (coagulase-positive staphylococcus, Salmonella spp., coliforms at 45C, and mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria counts). The Quality Index (QI) showed a linear increase, ranging from 0 (maximum freshness) to 34 (total loss of freshness), with a strong correlation (R2 = 0.988) with storage time. The microbiological analyses showed that the psychrotrophic bacteria count went over the recommended limit after the 26th day. TVB-N ranged from 4.01 to 15.92 mg/100 g; pH, from 6.01 to 6.57; and TBARS, from 0.01 to 0.14 mg MDA/kg between the 1st and 30th days of storage. The sensory, physicochemical, and microbiological analyses established that eviscerated tambaqui stored in ice is appropriate for consumption up until the 22nd day.

Practical Applications
The QIM takes into account the diversity among species and defines the sensory quality parameters for fish freshness. Sensory analysis has been shown to be an important tool to assess sensory quality of fresh fish and is largely used by sanitary inspection agencies. The QIM established that eviscerated tambaqui (C. macropomum) stored in ice at 0C remained proper for consumption until the 22nd day. The results of the application of QIM to marketed fish species can establish the product's shelf life which is a very important for the industry and for consumers. QIM: Development and Application of a Sensory Protocol for Farmed Tambaqui (C. macropomum).


A linear quasi-geostrophic stability analysis was performed. The stability is dependent on the shears between the first and second layers and between the second layer and the abyss. By computing the maximum growth rate as a function of the shears, the possibility of a shallow baroclinic instability is discovered. This stability is largely dependent on the shear between layers 1 and 2, and quite independent of the speed in layer 2. The scaling of the shears shown is applicable to 4 deg latitude. As in Philander's study, the stability region increases strongly as the equator is approached. This probably explains the advance of the thermal front out to the 4 to 5 deg latitude zone without development of eddies and their rather sudden development at 80 days.


The aim of this paper is to study and report a designed method to evaluate the elements of advanced DC/DC converter. This ensures working in a continuous conduction mode and therefore improved system performance. Many developed DC/DC converters have been found in the literature. The elementary of positive output voltage-lift advanced DC/DC Luo converter is chosen as the main focus case study of this paper. The system has been implemented with extensive experimental work as well as computer implementation in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulations and experimental results have shown good agreement with each other.


An innovative approach to the material science has demonstrated that photocatalytic activity may be conferred to cement-based construction materials, such as concrete, mortars, paints, etc. Photocatalyst is needed for a cleaner environment and a better quality of life that leads to thoughts of a more eco-compatable use of light. Addition of photocatalytic materials to the RC structure during its construction phase could reduce the corrosion problem of RC materials. This material hinders calcium oxide to form acidic compound. In this study, cement-based mixed photocatalytic material has been presented, which would adjustable with RC material for enhancing oxidization process and reducing corrosion problem.


The seeds of Gleditsia sinensis is one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. To definite the active ingredients of the seeds of gleditsia sinensis, SEGS was extracted from the seeds of Gleditsia sinensis. Investigations the interaction between the active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine and BSA is helpful for explaining the medicine mechanism. Under the simulative human physiological conditions, the interaction between SEGS and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The quenching mechanism of SEGS with BSA is dynamic quenching, SEGS bound with BSA by van der Waals forces or hydrogen bond. The binding constants and the number of binding sites between SEGS and BSA at different temperatures (298 and 308 K) were obtained.


Fifteen elderly patients with normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function and New York Heart Association functional class II‐III were studied. The effect of verapamil on LV diastolic function was assessed by congestive heart failure (CHF) score, treadmill exercise test, and Doppler echocardiography at baseline, and after each three‐month treatment period (placebo or verapamil 120 mg once daily), separated by a one‐week washout period before crossover. Blood pressure, heart rate, LV ejection fraction, LV mass, and cardiac output were unaltered by placebo or verapamil. Verapamil treatment significantly improved CHF score at 3 months (3.5 ± 0.5, p<0.05) compared with baseline (5.6 ± 0.5) or placebo (5.5 ± 0.5). The exercise time was similar at baseline (7.4 ± 1.2 min) and after placebo (7.4 ± 1.3 min) treatment but significantly (p<0.05) increased after verapamil (8.3 ± 1.2 min) treatment. The ratio of mitral A wave duration/pulmonary venous atrial systolic reversal duration increased after verapamil (1.11 ± 0.08) treatment compared with placebo (0.91 ± 0.07, p<0.05) and baseline (0.89 ± 0.08) which had similar durations. The isovolumic relaxation time was significantly (p<0.05) decreased from 84 ± 12 ms at baseline and 86 ± 13 ms with placebo to 73 ± 9 ms with verapamil. The results of this study suggest that in elderly patients with Doppler evidence of diastolic dysfunction as the cause of CHF, three months treatment with verapamil can improve CHF, increase exercise tolerance and improve LV diastolic function.


The high-temperature oxidation kinetic curves of nickel-based corrosion resistant alloy in air at 800℃were got by using weight gain method.The morphology and composition of the oxidation film were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrometer.The effects of copper and titanium on high-temperature oxidation behavior of the alloy were studied.The results show that the high-temperature oxidation resistant property of the alloy gradually decreased with increase of copper content.The oxidation film on alloy surface was more compact and high-temperature oxidation resistant property was strengthened for adding a certain amount of titanium element.


This study was conducted at the College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, to study the relationship between the toxic environmental effects of BPA compound on some biochemical components of the blood of female and male rats. In this study, 60 male and female rats were used, They ranged in age from 8 to 12 weeks, and their weights ranged from 145-200 grams for females and 85-150 grams for males. Rats were divided into four groups according to the dose, with males and females separated. Two control groups: these two groups, three females and three males, dosed 5.0 ml/kg body weight of corn oil per day, group A. Nine females and nine males were fed BPA orally (every day after dissolving in corn oil at 50 mg./kg body weight). Group III (B): 9 females and 9 males were given BPA orally (every day with corn oil, 100 mg/kg body weight). In group C, nine females and nine males were orally injected with a dose of 200 mg/kg BPA dissolved in corn oil every day.


$f(n,k)\sim e^{-k(k-1)/2}(n1)^{k}$ . And for the special ease of $f(n, 3),$ $nu\varphi erous$ results are reported to be obtained by authors of the United States and other countries thongh we have access to only a few of them) In this paper we shall give some formulas for the number $f(n, 3)$ . Explicit foimulas are given in 1. They would require heavy com.vutations. Our principal aim is an asymptotic series for $f(n, 3)$ .


A decision on an investment is generally based on a consideration of the magnitude of the expected return investor and the risk that expected to be encountered. Hence require more stock performance assessment indicators such as The Top down approach, Market timing ability and Stock Selection skill. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of the level of the Top down approach, Market timing ability and Stock Selection skill on the performance of property stocks. The data used in this research is data of property stocks listed on the Indonesian stock exchange of 24 property stocks 2011-2014 period using SPSS software version 21. The results of this study indicate that partial of top-down approach has not a significant effect on the financial performance of property while market timing ability and stock selection skill has significant to the financial performance of property.


The first record of Caenocholax fenyesi parasitizing the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in South America is documented. Caenocholax fenyesi males were collected from colonies of S. invicta in northeastern Argentina. This record helps to clarify the occurrence and host utilization of C. fenyesi in the United States, where S. invicta is an invasive exotic species. This record, along with other recent reports, suggests that C. fenyesi males are generalist parasites, not utilizing a narrow host range, as do most known strepsipterans. However, the potential presence of cryptic species is an alternate explanation.


In the old days, when one had to find some sequence, a(n), there were two extremes. In the lucky case, one had an explicit formula. For example, the probability of tossing a fair coin 2n times and getting exactly n Heads, equals (2n)!/(2 2n n! 2). Sometimes, cheatingly, one considered as 'explicit' expressions in terms of sums (or multisums) or integrals (or multi-integrals). The other extreme was to just have a numerical algorithm, that for each (numeric!) input n, found the output. In that case the algorithm was rated by its efficiency. Another compromise was an asymptotic formula, valid (approximately!) for large n. But what's a formula?, it is a kind of algorithm. Of course, it is more than that, theoretically, but from a practical point of view it should be judged by the efficiency of the implied algorithm. Let's look at the explicit formulas that are called 'closed-form', or more precisely hypergeometric sequences. A sequence a(n) is called hypergeometric if the ratio a(n + 1)/a(n) is a rational function of n, i.e. a quotient P (n)/Q(n) where P (n) and Q(n) are polynomials. For example for the above-mentioned probability of getting exactly n Heads when tossing a fair coin 2n times, p(n) := (2n)!/(2 2n n! 2), we have p(n + 1)/p(n) = (2n + 1)/(2(n + 1)), or, by cross-multiplying 2(n + 1)p(n + 1) − (2n + 1)p(n) = 0. This is an example of a first-order linear recurrence equation with polynomial coefficients. Once you have the trivial value p(0) = 1 you can use it to compile a table of p(n) for n < N , for any desired N in O(N) operations. The same is true for solutions of any linear recurrence equation with polynomial coefficients, L i=0 a i (n)p(n + i) = 0 , of order L. The only difference is that we need L initial conditions, p(0), p(1),. .. , p(L − 1). We also assume that a L (n) = 0 has no positive integer roots.


causing no symptoms and are diagnosed incidentally on radiography.7 The risk of this malformation is that it predisposes to a midgut volvulus due to a narrow mesenteric fixation. Patients can present acutely, with intestinal obstruction and ischaemia, or may experience years of vague abdominal pain and recurrent attacks of retching or vomiting.8 Contrast studies may reveal duodenal obstruction, duodenojejunal flexure located to the right of the spine and small bowel confined to the right side of abdomen,4 but a normal small-bowel study does not exclude the possibility of malrotation7 and barium enema may be necessary. Computed tomography may detect a midgut malrotation, with or without volvulus, by demonstrating spiralling of the mesentery around the superior mesenteric artery and the superior mesenteric vein lying to the left of the artery.9,10 This vascular anatomy may also be evident on duplex ultrasound.11 Surgical treatment entails counter-clockwise untwisting of the volvulus and careful assessment of bowel viability. Any abnormal bands should be divided (Ladd's procedure). Normal anatomy of the intestinal tract can be restored by duodenopexy and suture fixation of the caecum and ascending colon to the right abdominal wall and retroperitoneum.4


An analysis of the off-design performance of shock-in rotor-type supersonic blading is presented. The over-all losses are assumed divided into two groups;normal-shock losses, and external-wave losses. Throughout the range of relative entrance Mach numbers from 1.35 to starting, the largest losses can be attributed to the normal shock. An improvement in performance would be expected with a reduction of the normal-shock losses by the introduction of external compression waves.


Abstract China's rapid naval modernization has sparked global attention, as the People's Liberation Army Navy surpassed the United States Navy in 2020 as the largest maritime force in the world. However, in this development, most attention has been directed at Chinese naval developments in its eastern maritime periphery, in relation to the South and East China Seas and the Taiwan Strait. However, concrete actions regarding China's maritime strategy are also undertaken in China's western maritime periphery, specifically in relation to the Port of Gwadar. This paper, therefore, investigates the role of Gwadar within China's maritime strategy through the geopolitical frameworks of Mahan and Mackinder.


A trial of YAG Laser vaporization for pelvic endometriosis. Takafumi Izumi,Hirotane Suga and Tastuo Genda Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital,Saitama Abstract: Me report a case of YAG Laser vaporization for residual endometrial ovarian cyst which had been treated by LH-RHa for 10 month . The case was 37-years-old ,P(1)G(1).She consulted our hospital because of severe algomenorrhea.By pelvic examination severe tenderness of Douglas pouch and left ovarian cyst was found out and bilateral ovarian cysts were revealed by CT,echo image.Serum level of CA-125 was 56U/ML, CA19-9 was 43U/ML.She had been treated by LH-RHa for 10 month on the diagnosis of bilateral ovarian chocolate cysts and pelvic endometriosis . The size of ovarian cysts was redused and her complains of algomenorrhea was softened.But 4 month later algomenorrhea and tenderness of duoglas pouch recurred. After , successing of treatment by LH-RHa for 4 month laparoscopy was done. By findings of pelvic cavity,left ovary was enlarged as over hens egg sized and adhered to douglas pouch.This adhesion was convinced as the cause of recurred algomenorrhea. After punctation of the surfase of the left ovary and absorption of the chocolate contents, latex balloon named VP-16 was inserted and swelled by 15ml saline solution and was oppressed to the ovarian surface. YAG laser was irradiated through the balloon by output power of 10 watts for 5 minutes.The inner surface was degenerated evenly. Me incised a part of it and confirmed degeneration by microscopy . During all these procedure there was no apparent side effects. After this procedure algomenorrhea was diminished and ovarian enlargement has not been observed.