Botanical garden originated from European culture in 16th century is a part of civilization of human beings. With the increment of the botanical gardens, the change and the development of their mission and function and the comprehension of various disciplines in botanical garden, it is the time to develop the science of botanical garden. Botanical garden science contains the following major topics: 1) definition, 2) history, 3) planning and design, 4) conservation, especially ex-situ conservation, 5) collections on plant diversity, 6) theory and practice of plant introduction and acclimatization as well as new economic plants, 7) technology and measurement on the display of plants especially the greenhouses, 8) biodiversity conservation in cities, 9) botanical environment education and tourism, 10) maintenance and management. Biodiversity is the nuclear (soul) of botanical gardens. Aesthetic appearance, scientific potential and co-existence philosophy are the essentials of botanical garden science.


The satellite altimetry technique plays an important role not only in geodesy, geophysics and oceanography, but also in preparing military fight and in launching and positing to strategy weapons. The paper expatiates the functions of satellite altimetry data in predicting ocean wave, improving tide's model, inversing benthal topography, computing ocean geoid and ascertaining ocean gravity field. These research results can be used as the safeguard information in military recovery, fight on ocean and weapon attacking.


We illustrate the analogue of the Unruh effect for a quantum system on the real line. Our derivation relies solely on basic elements of representation theory of the group of affine transformations without a notion of time or metric. Our result shows that a thermal distribution naturally emerges in connecting quantum states belonging to representations associated to distinct notions of translational symmetry.


This paper aims to introduce symmetry, one of the thoughts of anthropology, into the theory of literature education. Symmetry is the discovery of deep commonality among others in the classification, which is a way of restoring totality between the one and the other. Literature education has been based on culturalism, which presupposes asymmetry between literature and non-literature, and teachers and students. I would like to get the implications for the way of meeting the other and the one in literature education from Hangang's novel, the Vegetarian(채식주의자).
The narrator of the first novel in a series, ''I'', does not recognize the difference of the other. Thus, the difference of the other is only the subject of correction. The focused narrator of the second novel in a series, 'He'(Brother in law), is fascinated by the difference of the other. That is why he wants to capture that fascinating difference in art. Art is a form of disinterestedness situated between the desire for pleasure and the will for good. For him, art is an absolute relativism that represents a catalog of differences. ''She'' (sister), the focused narrator of the third novel in a series, sees herself in the difference of the other. ''She'' recognizes the difference of the other as an opportunity for self-generation and sees the difference of the other in self-generation. This allows us to gain insight into the totality flowing between tne one and the other and to think in the symmetry of the one and the other.


Micro‐RNAs (miRNAs) important for post‐transcriptional gene expression as negative regulators are endogenous 21‐ to 23‐nucleotide noncoding RNAs. Many miRNAs are expressed in ovarian cancer (OC). In this study, we reported that miR‐125b was underexpressed in human OC specimens. Ectopic expression of miR‐125b in OC cells induced cell cycle arrest and led to reduction in proliferation and clonal formation. This inhibitory effect on OC cell growth was mediated by miR‐125b inhibition of the translation of an mRNA encoding a proto‐oncogene, BCL3. Furthermore, expression of miR‐125b suppressed the tumor formation generated by injecting OC cells in nude mice. Our results suggest that aberrantly expressed miR‐125b may contribute to OC development.


A comparison is made in this paper on the differences in artistic styles and city functions between China and Western cityscape construction.It is pointed out that the Chinese-style gardens,as far as their social function and artistic features are concerned,are self-confined,private-owned and outsiders excluded.The western cityscape,whose social function is to serve all the society,has exerted great impact on domestic cityscape.Besides,the ecological restoration design,environmental self-service and the greenway network system design in the West can also serve as references for modern cityscape planning and design.It is concluded that domestic cityscape design should combine the Western social function with the Chinese garden art.


Abstract 5019 Introduction Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents a heterogeneous category and tremendous effort has been made to identify sub-groups that are prognostically significant and to guide therapeutic decisions. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) a family of ubiquitous enzymes throughout mammalian tissues catalyzes the oxidation of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Isoform 1 (ALDH1) plays a role in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid from Vitamin A. Retinoic acid is a regulator of cellular proliferation, differentiation and survival in normal human tissues. High expression of ALDH1 has been demonstrated in the putative cancer stem cells in malignancies of breast, lung, colon and other organs. Its expression has been associated with increased replicative potential, the ability to differentiate along multiple development lines, high tumorigenic potential and increased metastatic potential. However, more recently ALDH1 expression has been shown to correlate with favorable outcome in ovarian cancer. It has not been studied in DLBCL. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the expression of ALDH1 in DLBCL. Methods & Materials Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded sections from 88 DLBCLs, were immunostained by automated methods (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc, Tucson, AZ) using monoclonal mouse anti-human ALDH antibody (Clone: 44/ALDH; Immunogen: Human ALDH1, aa 7 – 128; BD Transduction Laboratories). Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was semi quantitatively assessed in all cases. Scoring was based on staining intensity (weak, moderate, intense) and percentage of positive cells (focal 50%). Results were correlated with clinicopathologic variables. Results High expression of ALDH1 was observed in 26/88 (30%) cases of DLBCL. The staining intensity and distribution pattern varied somewhat by outcome data. Remission status was known in 23 patients. 18 patients achieved complete remission. Interestingly, all 7 patients with high expression of ALDH1 achieved complete remission (p= 0.095). Recurrence information was known in 87 patients. High expression of ALDH1 was seen in 26 cases. Only one of these patients recurred (p=0.19). No association was seen with stage, HIV status, survival or age. Conclusion We have demonstrated that ALDH1 is expressed in DLBCL. Moreover, cases with high expression of ALDH1 trend towards complete remission and lack of recurrence. Further studies of ALDH1 expression in DLBCL appear warranted, potentially defining prognostically relevant sub-groups. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


paper tries to analyze and explain some urban planning issues based on the Game Theory, though which the authors want to discuss urban planning, as a kind of tool of institution, its function in solving the contradiction between collective rationality and individual one.


Objective Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the pathogenesis of various ophthalmic diseases, and ER stress-mediated degradation systems play an important role in maintaining ER homeostasis during ER stress. The purpose of this review is to explore the potential relationship between them and to find their equilibrium sites. Design This review illustrates the important role of reasonable regulation of the protein degradation system in ER stress-mediated ophthalmic diseases. There were 128 articles chosen for review in this study, and the keywords used for article research are ER stress, autophagy, UPS, ophthalmic disease, and ocular. Data sources The data are from Web of Science, PubMed, with no language restrictions from inception until 2019 Jul. Results The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are important degradation systems in ER stress. They can restore ER homeostasis, but if ER stress cannot be relieved in time, cell death may occur. However, they are not independent of each other, and the relationship between them is complementary. Therefore, we propose that ER stability can be achieved by adjusting the balance between them. Conclusion The degradation system of ER stress, UPS and autophagy are interrelated. Because an imbalance between the UPS and autophagy can cause cell death, regulating that balance may suppress ER stress and protect cells against pathological stress damage.


The Lie similarity method has been used to extend the similarity solutions of the one-dimensional inhomogeneous nonlinear diffusion equations. We determine the Lie point symmetry vector fields and calculate the similarity ansatz. Then we discuss the resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Exact solutions are found, and their relations to some real physical situations are discussed.


This study aims to develop a Biology LKPD based on Problem Based Learning with character education to improve students' learning competency and critical thinking. The development model used is Ploom. The study was conducted at SMAN 1 Ranah Pesesir. The test was conducted in class XI IPA 1 and XI IPA 2 as subjects. Testing uses questions in the form of multiple-choice and essay. The LKPD validity results obtained are as follows: subject matter expert 96.66%, learning design expert 92%, and learning media expert 90%. The LKPD practicality results are as follows: individual test results of 90% on very good qualifications, small group test results of 91.6% on very good qualifications, and field test results of 90.5% on very good qualifications. The affectivity of 29 students, 9 grading points are very good and 19 grading points are good enough, on average the affective aspects are categorized pretty well. Two-tailed f test with α0.05 (0, 1164> 0.05). Calculation of t-test for α 0.05 with df 56 is 1.6730, it turns out t-count> t-table. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that PBL-Based Biology LKPD loaded with Character Education can improve students' learning competency and critical thinking.


Method of operating a navigation device includes the steps of receiving an indication that allow voice recognition mode in a navigation device, following the reception and voice input of an instruction that enables speech recognition mode, based on the audio input received and determining at least one selection relating to the position information of the destination on the steps of outputting at least one of the determined choices relating to the position information of the destination as a voice, the received voice input indicating confirmation with it, a step of confirming the selection of audio output choices that are at least one decision. Navigation apparatus receives an instruction to allow voice recognition mode in a navigation device, and at least one processor for determining the choice of the position-related information of the destination based on the speech input received, a memory includes a microphone, and user input means, and visual display device, and an output device for outputting the option is at least one decision as voice, processor, along with the reception of the voice input indicating confirmation, at least one One of available to confirm the selection of the audio output of the determined choice. .FIELD 5


To meet the present and future demand for electricity in California, the major private
and public power companies, in conjunction with the State of California, are now
committed to a program of increased use of nuclear energy as a basis for electrical power
generation. Nuclearization of the power industry will provide a source of electricity
independent of fossil fuel consumption, and one that can reduce visible amounts of
atmospheric pollution. As uranium supplies diminish, emphasis will likely be placed on
sodium-cooled, fast-breeder reactors that, under normal operation, have the capacity to
generate as much uranium fuel as is consumed, and thus assure abundant future supplies of
electricity.


OVERVIEW Broadband Photometry will be obtained to provide data on Triton. Our data will be collected over a series of nights of time-resolved Bessel BVRI photometry using the 0.6-m telescope at the JPL Table Mountain Observatory (TMO) located in Wrightwood, California. The objective of these observations is to detect and measure volatile transport on Triton. The vapor pressures of nitrogen and methane vary over the seasonal cycles of Triton and Pluto. The seasonal migration of frost can be detected by a combination of changes in the rotational lightcurve. Previous work of Triton has shown that these exhibit the transport of volatiles on their surfaces. The purpose of acquiring another lightcurve is to determine whether volatile transport is still occurring and to track it. Our current goal is to fill in the missing longitudes that we not obtained during our last observations of Triton. Our previous work detected an opposition surge for the first time, and these observations will allow us to further characterize it. With our measurements and ground-based data of Pluto and Triton, we will hopefully have a greater understanding of seasonal volatile transport on Kuiper Belt Objects. This understanding will help us predict, search for, model, and possibly observe seasonal changes on other Kuiper Belt Objects. Triton (Image Credit: Anne's Astronomy News)


In recent years, with the rapid growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), the question answering systems for human-machine interaction based on deep learning have become a research hotspot of the IoT. Different from the structured query method in traditional Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) systems based on templates or rules, representation learning is one of the most promising approaches to solving the problems of data sparsity and semantic gaps. In this paper, an answer acquisition method for KBQA systems based on a dynamic memory network is proposed, in which representation learning is employed to represent the natural language questions that are raised by users and the knowledge base subgraphs of the related entities. These representations are taken as inputs of the dynamic memory network. The correct answers are obtained by utilizing the memory and inferential capabilities. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


We study changes in the plucking behavior of employment growth, as well as changes in its relationship with the output cycle in the G7 countries. Using both revised and real-time data, we consider several popular measures of the output cycle. For most countries, we see significant evidence in favor of structural changes in the response coefficients of employment growth to its own gap, suggesting much slower recoveries in labor markets, consistent with the jobless recoveries hypothesis. However, we also find evidence in favor of heterogeneity across countries, both in the responses of employment to employment gaps and in the responses of employment to the output cycle.


Purpose
This paper aims to examine the dynamics between trade openness, foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in India over the period 1979 to 2017. This study further considers the role of pre and post-economic reforms in the analysis of these dynamics.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors apply the autoregressive distributed lag model to investigate the possible long-run associations among the variables. Zivot-Andrew unit root test was applied to detect the structural breaks present in the data series. Toda-Yamamoto causality approach has been applied to examine the direction of causality among the variables.

Findings
Findings show that trade openness exerts a negative impact on economic growth in the long-run. Although FDI inflow promotes economic growth in the long-run, FDI inflow does not seem to affect growth in the short-run. As far as causality analysis is concerned, findings confirm a unidirectional causality is flowing from FDI inflow and labour force to per capita gross domestic product growth in India.

Practical implications
The negative impact of trade openness on growth suggests that policymakers should implement more export-oriented policies to boost economic growth in the long-run. The ratio of exports to the total volume of trade has not increased satisfactorily over the years. Additionally, appropriate policies should aim at extracting the benefits of FDI inflow in the long-run.

Originality/value
Although several theoretical and empirical literature has investigated the nexus between FDI (or trade) and growth, this study, as a fresh attempt, investigates the long-run dynamics between trade openness, FDI, capital formation, labour force and economic growth in India.


The judicialization of health is the search for the judiciary as a last way to guarantee rights. The elderly are increasingly seeking help in the judiciary to ensure treatment and supply of medicines, but in addition to the disease that makes them seek the judicial path, like any other citizen, he is in a situation of vulnerability, precisely because of his age. This study discusses the increase in judicialization in Brazil and its cost; TCU recommendations on the subject, the National List of Essential Medicines, RENAME and the off label and, finally, the importance of protection of rights.


Novel [NF2O]+ and [N3NFO]+-based energetic oxidizers were designed, and their structures, thermal stabilities, and energetic properties were investigated via density functional theory (DFT). The analysis of the bond dissociation energies (from 93.4 to 120.8 kcal mol−1) for the screened salts suggests that they possess better thermal stabilities than the reported [NF2O]+SbF6− (89.8 kcal mol−1), and compound 5 was the most stable energetic salt. All the screened salts possess a positive oxygen balance ranging from 13% to 50%. Due to a positive oxygen balance, the specific impulses of the compounds 5, 11–14 (>300 s) were superior to those of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and ammonium dinitramide (ADN) when the optimized ratio of oxidizer/aluminium/PBAN (%) was 76 : 10 : 14. Considering their thermal stability and chemical reactivity, compounds 5 and 11 with super high specific impulses can be regarded as excellent candidates for novel potential solid propellants.


Due to the difficulty in obtaining information in the conceptual design phase,this paper presents a route airliner price forecast method based on I-GM(0,N) model for vacant point forecast in characteristic sequence.After selecting price-affecting factors as well as setting the Benchmark Ranking Series based on Grey Relational Analysis,the listing prices of X aircraft,a currently developed route airliner in China,is forecasted by I-GM(0,N).Proved to have good forecast and simulation results in a case study of X aircraft price forecast and price simulation of some current route airliners,this method is practical in price forecast of route airliners in conceptual design phase.


This poem speaks about African peoples surviving our cross-centuries experience of displacement and subjugation where notions of home can fee lost, empty or inaccessible. It culminates to show that through this experience, another parallel and interacting reality of agency, clarity and action is occurring and we are empowered beyond any imposed systems. I recognized my strength and clarity as well as my powerful autonomous decision-making despite an experience of migration to Canada where knowing my place is always dictated. This allowed me to see even moreso the presence of this strength throughout our ancestors and still in ourselves now.


Abstract Recently, the Dynamic Ergodic Divertor (DED) with 18 helically wound coils at the high field side has been installed on TEXTOR. The DED allows static and dynamic operation up to 10 kHz. The specific features of ergodization and the open laminar zone are discussed. The dynamic feature leads to induced electrical currents and to a force transfer from the external coils to the plasma. The structures due to the DED near field are described, which result in a stripelike pattern seen both in the light of recycling particles (Hα, impurities) and in the heat deposition pattern. The ergodization leads either to an enhanced plasma rotation—probably due to edge electric fields—or to a reduction of the central rotation if a tearing mode is excited; the result depends on the sense of DED rotation.


Classic studies investigating how and when the entorhinal cortex (component of the memory processing system of the brain) develops have been based on traditional thymidine autoradiography and histological techniques. In this study, we take advantage of modern technologies to trace at a high resolution, the cellular complexity of the developing porcine medial entorhinal cortex by using single-cell profiling. The postnatal medial entorhinal cortex comprises 4 interneuron, 3 pyramidal neuron and 2 stellate cell populations which emerge from intermediate progenitor and immature neuron populations. We discover four MGE-derived interneurons and one CGE-derived interneuron population as well as several IN progenitors. We also identify two oligodendrocyte progenitor populations and three populations of oligodendrocytes. We perform a proof-of-concept experiment demonstrating that porcine scRNA-seq data can be used to develop novel protocols for producing human entorhinal cells in-vitro. We identified six transcription factors (RUNX1A1, SOX5, FOXP1, MEF2C, TCF4, EYA2) important in neurodevelopment and differentiation from one RELN+ stellate cell population. Using a lentiviral vector approach, we reprogrammed human induced pluripotent stem cells into stellate cell-like cells which expressed RELN, SATB2, LEF1 and BCL11B. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the formation of the brain's cognitive memory and spatial processing system and provides proof-of-concept for the production of entorhinal cells from human pluripotent stem cells in-vitro.


Three composite lining structure types were chosen for numerical computing in Yushugou Tunnel.Authors analyzed the inner forces of initial support and secondary lining,safety factor,convergence of tunnel inner perimeter,vault settlement and distribution of plastic zone in surrounding rock,evaluated the safety of lining structure.The results show that the key procedure is excavation of the upper and lower center bench for Ⅱ-class and Ⅲ-class rocks;the key procedure is excavation of the upper center bench for Ⅳ-class rocks;the vault settlement is leaded almost by excavation of the upper bench and lower center bench in the situation of shallow burial of Ⅱ-class rocks;the vault settlement is leaded almost by excavation of the upper bench in adjacent rock above Ⅲ-class;the peripheral displacement is small,the max is 18 mm,in the arch corner in the shallow burial of Ⅱ-class rocks.In the shallow burial of Ⅱ-class rocks,the depth of the plastic zone is the largest,which reaches the ground surface.The depth of the plastic zone is large in the wall corner in Ⅲ-class rocks,when the depth of the plastic zone is small in Ⅳ-class rocks.


When a 68-year-old man who was hospitalized as schizophrenia has been closed to an isolation room due to excessive drinking water illusion occurs. That was a male auditory hallucinating at all. Until this time, there were no auditory hallucinations. It was diagnosed as schizophrenia due to deviant behavior and it was hospitalized and 40 years passed. Personality was kept adequately, contact was also good, and dose of antipsychotics was also relatively small. The dialect was a regional dialect which occupies the majority of inpatients at hospitals currently hospitalized, not in rural areas where cases were born and schizophrenia developed.


This study examines the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) pyramid on the satisfaction of stakeholders, with emphasis on the mediating role of CSR in education development. It also determines the manner to reconceived CSR to produce greater desirable educational outcomes. It collects data from 200 stakeholders who are involved in CSR programs in the banking industry in Bangladesh (BIB). Thus, the BIB is often engaged in CSR practices through the provision of financial assistance to individuals for the pursuit of further education and advancement. The study fills the literature gap in CSR practices of BIB, especially from ED perspective, which is one of the key practices of bank for stakeholders. Hence, it makes invaluable contributions to the scanty literature on CSR in Bangladesh, as it analyses the contributions of BIB towards ED through CSR. The findings of this study could be beneficial to CSR providers, ED practitioners and researchers.


For downlink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system, the precoding scheme of maximizing signal-to-leakage-and-noise (SLNR) at base station (BS) relies on channel covariance matrix. However, the CSI feedback defined in LTE/LTE-A does not directly correspond to channel covariance. Instead, precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and channel quality indicator (CQI) are fed back from user equipment (UE) to the base station. It is possible to reconstruct channel covariance matrix based on PMI/CQI. However such reconstruction is quite rough and may cause MU-MIMO performance degradation.


aSchool of Industrial Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Colombia bUniversidad del Valle, Colombia cIngeniería Industrial, Universidad del Valle Sede Zarzal, Colombia C H R O N I C L E A B S T R A C T Article history: Received January 20, 2021 Received in revised format: April 14, 2021 Accepted April 27 2021 Available online April 27, 2021 School bus routing problem is widely studied, however, social elements such as the interaction between children traveling on the same route have not been considered so far. In this way, this article has as its main objective to propose a methodology to solve the school bus routing problem, including affinity as a strategy to increase positive interrelationships between children, and with this, support in bullying situations during school trips. The methodology includes two stages, assigning children to vehicles considering affinities and defining vehicle routes. The main contribution is the consideration of affinity in the process of forming the groups of children that will be taken on the bus, evidencing a balance in the affinity of the groups. Additionally, from the methodological point of view, the integration of a modified group technology algorithm and a new assignment model are proposed that simplify the classic quadratic assignment problem. Consideration of affinity in school bus routing generates benefits from a social point of view.


Without any doubt there are strong ties between civil society and democracy. But could this also be proofed for the relationship of civil society and the process of democratization? At first sight it seems to be self-evident, that promoting democracy is the more effective the stronger civil society is. This means that democracy promotion respectively the development towards democracy has to focus on the civil society-development in order to make democratization more successful.


Concomitant use of central nervous system (CNS) medications frequently occurs in older adults with persistent opioid use. The risks of adverse outcomes associated with combinations of opioids, sedative hypnotics, or skeletal muscle relaxants have not been sufficiently described in this population.


Abstract : The present report discusses launcher flow-field data from complementary cold-gas test programs conducted at the University of Texas at Austin. Based on these data, flow-field models for the constrictive launcher configurations have been defined as a function of the nozzle-exit location and of the stagnation pressure in the nozzle reservoir. The conclusions are based on the configurations of the present experimental program.


I SHOW that the conclusion of a recent article by B. Peter Pashigian, that environmental regulatory costs have fallen more heavily on smaller than on larger businesses, is not supported by the statistical evidence he presents and is contradicted by data on the actual distribution of pollution abatement costs across plant and firm sizes.l Section II shows that average pollution abatement costs per employee are substantially smaller for smaller plants and firms than for larger plants and firms. Section III shows that Pashigian's statistical analysis does not support his conclusion that small businesses have borne the brunt of environmental regulations. Section IV presents conclusions. Before proceeding, it will prove useful to clarify why the incidence of regulatory costs across plant or firm size is of interest and to summarize Pashigian's analysis.2 The differential effect of regulation across plant or firm size is important for at least three reasons. First, when there are scale economies in regulatory compliance and when certain other assumptions are met, optimal regulatory policy may require imposing a lighter regulatory burden on


Part 1 Fundamentals: classifications petri nets parallel processing concepts network structures. Part 2 Asynchronous parallelism: structure of MIMD systems synchronization and communication in MIMD systems problems with asynchronous parallelism MIMD programming languages course-grained parallel algorithms. Part 3 Synchronous parallelism: structure of a MIMD system communication in SIMD systems problems with synchronous parallelism SIMD programming languages massively parallel programming algorithms. Part 4 Other models of parallelism: automatic parallel programming languages non-procedural parallel programming languages neural networks performance of parallel systems.


Facial filling with hyaluronic acid (HA) is a dermatological procedure that has been emerging today. There are not many references regarding safety of reusing the remaining product for later touch‐up in the same patient.


In this catalogue-chapter, the use of types and stereotypes of Africans in comics is looked into. Focus is put on some distinct strategies of representing and negotiating race in comics, most notab ...


The paper compares different strands of New Keynesian Economics with respect to Keynes's original work on wages, describing which are the most relevant differences and analogies. In particular, two issues are analysed in detail. First, the explanations provided by Keynes and New Keynesians of nominal and real wages behaviour. Second, the different theories and interpretations concerning the ability of flexible nominal wages in assuring full employment in the economy. It is argued that, although persistent involuntary unemployment is a central and continuing problem both in Keynes and New Keynesians views, referring to the role of nominal and/or real wages behaviour in explaining unemployment, New Keynesian theories present features which differ, sometimes substantially, from the ideas and concepts developed by Keynes in his General Theory. JEL classification: B20, B40, E12, E24


Soluble iodoproteins from three congenitally goitrousthyroids have been isolated by salt fractionation followed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, gel filtration and density gradient centrifugation and


Piedmont and the Sardinia are the regions which have the richest collections of historical and architectural earthen heritage in Italy. The present work is a contribution to the knowledge of the rich earthen heritage that can be found in the Piedmont region (Italy) and, in particular, in the province of Turin. The research aims therefore to deepen the knowledge of the earthen buildings present in different areas of the province of Turin, examining types, construction techniques and analysing the characteristics and performance of the constitutive materials through in situ tests (rebound test, peeling test, capillary absorption, evaporation behaviour via ther-mocamera), characterization of the earth (XRD, particle size distribution, Atterberg limits) and identification of possible additives. This type of research will be useful to promote again the use in the Turin area of these construction techniques, evidence of skills and abilities of people to take advantage of the local environmental resources.


Dogon languages lexicalize action verbs with obligatory reference to manner and/or process. This contrasts with English and "Standard Average European," which (in neutral contexts) profile result and/or function. Many common English verbs like carry and eat correspond to sets of Dogon verbs with senses like 'carry on back' and 'munch'. The pattern cuts across many semantic domains and constitutes a generalized lexicalization strategy, which suggests that Dogon speakers, on the one hand, and speakers of English and "Standard Average European," on the other, have distinct cognitive orientations toward observable actions. A number of explanatory frameworks are available to account for these cultural differences.


Three inexperienced examiners received progressively intensive training in the use of the PMA and Gingival Indices. Each examiner achieved intra-examiner reliability with each index after only a short period of instruction. No consistent pattern of inter-examiner agreement was evident until the examiners had received extensive training which included clinical instructions by an examiner with a good knowledge of the indices. A high degree of correlation was found between the PMA and GI scores for an individual which suggested that the two different methods of assessing 'so-called' severity produce similar results.

It was concluded that the Gingival Index system had the advantage that clear mandatory instructions had been laid down for its use. All reports of studies using either index should contain information on the intra- and inter-examiner reliability achieved.


What are some of the problems which disturb college students? Are these problems related to their academic standing? These are some of the questions answered in this study which was made of three hundred and four freshmen in the College of Education, Ohio State University. The technique of procedure and the tabulation and interpretation of results will be of interest to counselors and personnel workers.


oreboding is in the cultural wind these days. Leonardo DiCaprio tells us the ecological crisis has brought humanity to The 11th Hour, esteemed biologist E.O. Wilson issues An Appeal to Save Life on Earth in the subtitle to his book The Creation, while Cormac McCarthy garners a 2007 Pulitzer Prize for his novel The Road, depicting the chilling specter of life after a nuclear war, where a father and his emaciated son fight off cannibals as they make their way across a charred landscape. Meanwhile, Christians by the millions read about coming end times in the Left Behind series. And on " Coast to Coast AM " —the most popular nighttime radio program, carried by 500 stations and the XM Satellite Radio network—an increasing amount of programming is devoted to the signs and wonders (UFO sightings, disappearing honeybees) thought to fore-shadow the end of civilization in 2012, prophesied by the ancient Mayan calendar. Many have lost hope. I had a long talk about this recently with my twenty-nine-year-old nephew, Dimitri, a Ph.D. student in political science. Like others, he holds the deep conviction that damage to the biosphere is irreversible, that there is no chance of turning aside from catastrophe. In his future work, he told me, " I'm going to document the demise of our civilization. " There was no humor in his voice when he said this, as we huddled together over coffee at a gathering for a family wedding, his wife Cody beside him, seven months pregnant. " When were you born? " I asked him. " 1979, " he said. It struck me that Dimitri had grown up in the era of 1984—the title of George Or-well's dystopian novel—for he had come to adulthood in a political milieu defined by doublespeak: where politicians talk about clear skies and compassionate conservatism , while increasing pollution of the skies and removing any trace of compassion from government policies. From the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 until now, Dimitri's world has been shaped by a virtually unbroken conservative hegemony. He has never known any other culture. It has been an era of deep denial about global warming, the end of the petroleum age, and growing wealth inequalities—an era, not incidentally, when former oil men have occupied the White House. As their time draws to a close, the shield of cultural denial they've held in place is beginning to …


One embodiment of the present invention relates to a backlight unit which comprises a light source and a wavelength conversion member that is positioned on the optical path of the light discharged from the light source, and wherein: the wavelength conversion member comprises a wavelength conversion layer that contains quantum dots in a matrix, said quantum dots producing fluorescence when excited by excitation light; the wavelength conversion layer is a photocured layer that is obtained by curing a photocurable composition by means of light irradiation; the photocurable composition contains the quantum dots, a polymerizable compound that contains at least an alicyclic epoxy compound, and a photopolymerization initiator; and the loss rate of the light discharged from the light source in the matrix of the wavelength conversion layer is 3% or less in terms of a thickness of 60 μm. Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, a wavelength conversion member or a photocurable composition.


Stochastic effects on the stability property of reaction–diffusion generalized Cohen–Grossberg neural networks (GDCGNNs) with time-varying delay are considered. By skillfully constructing suitable Lyapunov functionals and employing the method of variational parameters, inequality technique and stochastic analysis, the delay independent and easily verifiable sufficient conditions to guarantee the mean-value exponential stability of an equilibrium solution associated with temporally uniform external inputs to the networks are obtained. One example is given to illustrate the theoretical results.


How do public messages and representations of fatherhood encourage or hinder men's uptake of fathering identities? What role do women—mothers, grandmothers, and female teachers—play in facilitating or preventing men from being active fathers? How is fatherhood gendered, racialized, and classed in contemporary U.S. society? These are the questions that animate Fathering from the Margins: An Intimate Examination of Black Fatherhood. Aasha Abdill explores these questions through a four-year study of fatherhood in the predominantly black community of Bedford-Stuyvesant in Brooklyn, New York. She convincingly argues that analyses of fatherhood must attend to issues of race ''given what is known sociologically about the black family in America'' (p. 11). For instance, Abdill notes the importance of examining black fatherhood in the contemporary context of negative myths about low-income black men as absent fathers and ''deadbeat dads.'' Research for Fathering from the Margins began as part of a graduate seminar in ethnography and grew into a four-year study of fatherhood ''in a single urban black community'' (p. 19). The community—BedfordStuyvesant, or Bed-Stuy for short—was characterized in the 1970s as ''the largest ghetto in the country'' and has had ''a strong black middle class for decades'' (p. 18). Like many urban communities across the United States, Bed-Stuy has changed in recent years, with more middle-class white people moving into the community and rising property values. These changes have not benefited the neighborhood as a whole, with concentrated poverty on the rise in Bed-Stuy in the 2000s, along with high incarceration rates. Bed-Stuy, Abdill argues, thus offers ''abundant sources of beliefs for men to draw upon in the development of their cultural repertoires on fathering'' (p. 18). Abdill's interest specifically is in the fathering behaviors of low-income black men in Bed-Stuy. She criticizes scholarship for spending a great deal of time documenting the consequences of absent fathers on children while spending very little time trying to understand what fathering looks like and entails in black families and communities. Abdill is interested specifically in public displays of fathering and argues that making fatherhood more acceptable for lowincome black men to publicly display will allow and encourage black men to fully participate in their children's lives. The first substantive chapter draws on survey-style interviews with 66 teachers at a childcare agency in Bed-Stuy and 194 parental escorts (adult caregivers who escort children to and from daycare or school). Through these surveys, Abdill finds that teachers are more likely than parental escorts to report an increase in the presence of fathers with children in the community over the past decade. Stereotypes of black fathers as uninvolved in the care of children make it harder for people to see the fathering work men are already doing, Abdill argues in explaining this discrepancy. However, she recognizes that teachers may be more aware of men's presence because they interact with fathers when they drop off or pick up children. Abdill also acknowledges the limits to what she can claim with these data. Reading the methodological appendix helps to explain the inclusion of these data in what is primarily an ethnographic study. In the appendix, Abdill explains that she wanted to quantitatively document the level of public fathering in the community of Bed-Stuy in order to avoid having others discount her research as that of ''a minority researcher doing me-search'' (p. 233). As a black woman who grew up in the neighborhood and had a father who was in and out of


Through using Morgenstern-Price method,the paper calculates the distribution of article soil between the applied force of most dangerous slide slope in roadside slope,it also makes top calculation of the more anti-slide pile,it also makes sure the reasonable setting form of anti-slide pile according to the calculating results.It points out that the Morgenstern-Price method could calculate out the interaction between article soil of slide slope,and it maintains speed advantage comparing with the numerical methods.


Objective
To explore microRNA (miRNA, miR)-96 on the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cell SW620.

Methods
The expression of miR-96 in SW620, SW480, HT-29, HCT116, LoVo, CaCo-2 colorectal cancer cell and NCM-460 normal colonic epithelial cells was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). MiR-96 inhibitor and miR-96 NC were transfected into SW620 cell by liposome Lipofectamine™3000. Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell migration and invasion ability was detected by Transwell method. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2), MMP-9, Vimentin, E-cadherin, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), p-Smad4 was detected by Western blotting.

Results
The results of Real-time PCR was showed the expression of miR-96 in SW620 (2.42±0.20), SW480 (1.75±0.12), HT-29 (1.43±0.11), HCT116 (1.52±0.12), LoVo (1.73±0.14), CaCo-2 (1.36±0.13)colorectal cancer cell was higher than in NCM-460 cell (0.39±0.02) (P<0.01), the expression of miR-96 in miR-96 inhibitor group (0.45±0.03) was lower than that in miR-96 NC (2.35±0.32) (P<0.01). The results of CCK-8 was showed cell viability in miR-96 inhibitor group (0.389±0.034) was lower than that in miR-96 NC group (0.586±0.058) (P<0.01). The results of Transwell was showed cell migration number in miR-96 inhibitor group [(28.37±2.84) cells] was lower than that in miR-96 NC group [(128.45±12.84) cells, P<0.01], cell invasion number in miR-96 inhibitor group [(23.60±2.30) cells] was lower than that in miR-96 NC group [(133.57±13.36) cells, P<0.01]. The results of Western blotting was showed the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, Vimentin, TGF-β1 and p-Smad4 in miR-96 inhibitor group was lower than that in miR-96 NC group (P<0.01), the expression of E-cadherin in miR-96 inhibitor group was higher than that in miR-96 NC group (P<0.01).

Conclusion
Down-regulation expression of miR-96 could suppress migration and invasion of colorectal cancer SW620 cell via inhibition of TGF-β1/Samd4 signal pathway.

Key words:
MicroRNA-96; Colorectal cancer; Migration; Invasion; Transforming growth factor-β1/Samd4 signal pathway


This short book is divided into three sections, each of which is part of an attempt to situate early Fatimid Isma'ilism within the religious history of Islam. An analysis of the aims and ideals of the community founded in Ifriqiya at the end of the third/ninth century by the Isma'ili missionary Abu 'Abd Allah al-Shi'i is followed by a comparative examination of the religious and political doctrines of the new community ; the third part is a discussion of the problem of the genealogy of the F&timid caliphs. The main source of evidence for the examination of these topics is the Risalat ifiitah al-da'wa, a history of the early Fatimid da'wa in the Yemen and North Africa, composed in the 340's/950's by the chief qadi of the Fatimid caliph al-Mu'izz, al-Qadi Nu'man. Nagel sees the community founded by Abu 'Abd Allah as characterized by a stress on divine justice and the individual's responsibility for his own actions, a strict enforcement of Islamic moral and ritual precepts, a strong feeling of group solidarity, a doctrine of jihad directed against all outsiders, Muslims as well as non-Muslims, a desire to re-establish the theocracy of the original Muslim community, and a view that individual salvation was to be attained through an imam living in this world and not in occupation. Apart from the last point, these features were also characteristics of the Kharijis, but Nagel argues against a direct borrowing by the Isma'ilis in North Africa from the Khariji Berbers. He concludes rather that it was Mu'tazilism which was the common source of the similarities in Khariji and Isma'ili doctrine, and he refers to the Zaydiyya and the Zanj to illustrate the admixture of Shi'I and Khariji doctrines in the third/ninth century under the influence of Mu'tazilism. It was the common ground provided by Mu'tazili influence which helped the Fatimids to win support in North Africa. At the same time the incentive to action which the stress on divine justice implied, together with the doctrine of salvation through a living imam, enabled the Isma'ilis to seize the initiative from the Imami Shi'a who had lapsed into inactivity after the disappearance of their last imam in 878. Nagel also examines an apparent similarity between Isma'ilism and Sufism. He notes that ' orthodoxy' often brought similar charges against both, but argues that antinomianism and philosophical speculation were not features of early Isma'ilism but only began to appear during the fourth/tenth century. In the section on the genealogy of the Fatimid caliphs it is argued that the Fatimids in North Africa altered the early Isma'ili doctrine of the imamate under the pressure of political reality and in accordance with the concepts of Hasan! Shi'ism. Shi'ism in North Africa before the coming of Isma'ilism was almost entirely Hasan! in character, and Nagel argues that both the emphasis placed by the Fatimids on their descent from Fatima, (who, he says, had no special importance for the preFatimid Isma'Iliyya) and the name of the second Fatimid caliph who was recognized as the Qa'im, Abu '1-Qasim Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah (the same name as the Prophet), were a result of local HasanI influence on the Fatimids. The idea that the Mahdi was merely the forerunner of the Qa'im, and not himself the bringer in of the millennium, had already begun to develop in pre-Fatimid Isma'ilism. Nagel argues that the distinction between the Mahdi and the Qa'im was carried even further by the first Fatimid caliph, al-Mahdi, in an attempt to overcome the difficulties which had arisen when it became obvious that he had not ushered in the millennium. He proclaimed that he was only preparing the way for his son who was to be the Qa'im and who, as HasanI tradition demanded, would have the same name as the Prophet. In effect, this was incompatible with Isma'ili doctrine which demanded that the Mahdi/Qa'im (not differentiated) would be Muhammad b. Isma'il (b. Ja'far al-Sadiq), and the Fatimid caliph had to resort to the argument, in an attempt to find a way out of this difficulty, that the real name of Isma'il b. Ja'far al-Sadiq was 'Abd Allah. It was because of the difficulties which resulted from the attempt to merge Hasan! and Isma'ili doctrines of the imamate that the Fatimids never produced a clear statement on the facts of their own genealogy.


How technology and industrial change affect how well students do in school for the 4.0 level to be met, students must be able to use higher-order thinking and technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). Students have difficulty using advanced technological tools when they need to think critically and artistically. So, students will only be able to learn higher-order thinking skills if they have TPACK. It is a common reason why people need to learn mathematics better in the current world. The purpose of this research was to help complete a structural model of TPACK and higher-order thinking skills for distance math learners. In a cross-sectional quantitative study, the data were looked at with structural equation modelling (SEM). For this study, 279 people from Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto and Universitas Riau were chosen to participate. The study's structure model shows a powerful link between higher-order thinking skills and TPACK. As a result, secondary school mathematics educators can benefit from this study's findings by adopting fresh perspectives on TPACK and higher-order thinking.


The article, on the basis of archival documents, periodicals and other sources, analyzes the full assistance to soldiers of the Leningrad front, Krasnoznamenniy Baltiysky flot and inhabitants of sieged Leningrad by the population of northeast regions of Leningrad region during the first period of the Great Patriotic war.


In conclusion, the "M(r) 40kD" antigen is expressed on the apical face of colonic enterocytes often in spatial relation to immune complexes in active UC, apparently targeting an IgG1-mediated autoimmune attack. Thus, our findings support the notion that an autoimmune response to the "M(r) 40kD" antigen, with local production of specific IgG1, is a possible immunopathological mechanism(s) in UC.


In case of simultaneous resistive transitions in a whole sector of magnets in the Large Hadron Collider, the helium would be vented from the cold masses to a dedicated recovery system. During the discharge the cold helium will eventually enter a pipe at room temperature. During the first period of the flow the helium will be heated intensely due to the pipe heat capacity. To study the changes of the helium thermodynamic and flow parameters we have simulated numerically the most critical flow cases. To verify and validate numerical results, a dedicated laboratory test rig representing the helium relief system has been designed and commissioned. Both numerical and experimental results allow us to determine the distributions of the helium parameters along the pipes as well as mechanical strains and stresses.


In this paper, we investigate coordinated multicell power allocation to maximize the energy efficiency of the dynamic Time Division Duplexing (TDD) systems in which some cells have downlink transmission and other cells have uplink transmission. We assume that the Base Stations (BSs) are equipped with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas and we have single antenna users. In this scenario, we formulate the energy efficiency maximization problem with respect to both the intracell and intercell interference. Solving this problem, we propose the Energy Efficient Coordinated multicell Power allocation (EECP) algorithm to allocate the transmit power to the beamforming vectors of the downlink BSs and the uplink users. We implement this algorithm for two cases where the downlink BSs employ coordinated or local Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) beamformers. The simulation results show that in both situations, the proposed algorithm improves the energy efficiency and the sum rate of the system compared to the case that the maximum power is transmitted by the BSs and the users. Moreover, the EECP algorithm with local MMSE beamforming scheme performs better than the coordinated one, when the number of the served users per cell be equal to the number of the antennas of each BS.


Robert Browning's theatrical career began with a casual remark at a dinner party in 1836 and ended with a bitter quarrel in 1843. The somewhat unwilling sponsor and mentor of the young playwright, responsible for both the beginning and the end of his career, was William Charles Macready, the leading actor-manager of the early nineteenth century. Between these two men there existed a relationship —more than mere tutelage, but never quite friendship—which played an important part in the making of the poet.


Abstract : The numerical integration technique to utilized in the reduction and analysis of data gathered in the USAF Aeroballistic Research Facility located at Eglin Air Force Base is described. The method of Chapman and Kirk has been developed into a system of digital computer programs which may be easily and routinely used in the analysis of data derived from spark range firing. The equations of motion for a missile/projectile in free-flight are derived in this report utilizing the six degrees of freedom. The parametric equations, philosophy, and methods of implementation are also derived and discussed. Brief descriptions of the computer program involved are also given.


Regulatory reform was initiated to improve the efficiency of the motor carrier industry, but it has been introduced without establishing any programs or institutions to deal with the structural instability that the previous system effectively controlled. The purpose of this paper is to set out the conceptual framework for the examination of the change in the structural stability that can be observed in the truckload (TL) sector of the motor carrier industry. The paper begins with a conceptual model of the stability/efficiency regulatory trade-off frontier. Subsequently, stylized supply and demand models are used to outline the inherent stability/efficiency trade-off that confronts the regulation of the trucking industry. The policy implications of this trade-off are discussed and avenues for dampening the instability of the TL sector are considered. One of these alternatives, the development of an efficient information market, is described in the final section of the paper.


"Should the useful in life, or should virtue, or should the higher knowledge be the aim of our training?" Even a cursory examination of the state of affairs in most American colleges and universities reveals our inability to deal adequately with Aristotle's ancient question. We are still asking ourselves what the emphasis in a col lege education should be. Should it be career preparation, or the liberal arts, or such developmental qualities as self-awareness and self-knowledge? At many institutions there is little unanimity, ex cept perhaps for the temporary endorsement of a "new" curriculum that in fact resembles some previous curriculum, and is likely to be replaced soon by another. How did we arrive at our present situation? In the early years of the American university, the dichotomy of vocationalism versus the liberal arts did not exist, and it could indeed be said that all educa tion was both professional and general. The initial purpose of Har vard, for example, was " 'to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity; dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches, when our present ministers shall lie in the dust.' "1 From the period of about 1636 to 1870, not only Harvard but most colleges taught a more or less standard curriculum, one that was "liberal" in the sense of concentrating on the culture of Western civilization; but this liberal education was also vocational, since it prepared young men for careers as lawyers, teachers, doctors, and clergymen. Then, in the period from 1870 to 1960, the industrial revolution and the concurrent knowledge explosion came about, with their need for people who could design and operate machines. Knowledge for its own sake, or for the traditional professions' sake, became less im portant than knowledge as a stepping-stone to a better industrial job and a higher standard of living. People of widely varying social and economic backgrounds, women as well as men, began to enter the nation's colleges and universities. The shift from elite to mass edu cation brought entirely new dimensions to the universities. The rapid increase in specialization in the job market led to the develop ment of professional schools in new fields such as engineering, and


Abstract The Eye-Roll Test for Hypnotizability was compared to the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form A. They were found to be uncorrelated. The Eye-Roll Test and the Stanford test clearly do net appear to be equivalent measures of hypnotic susceptibility.


The linkage between hydrological processes and sediment transport was analysed by applying the model SWIM to the Mulde River basin, situated in the south of the German part of the Elbe drainage basin (Fig. 1). The model runs with a daily time step. First, sediment yield is computed for each of 62 sub-basins with the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) (Williams & Berndt, 1977) as dependent on surface runoff, peak flow rate, and other factors. Then the sediment routing model consisting of two components-deposition and degradation in the streams-is applied. Hydrological processes clearly play a dominating role in controlling sediment yield and transport (the bulk of sediment yield is produced during a few flood events in spring and autumn), while soil erodibility is the second important factor determining spatial patterns of sediment yield.


This book consists of an introduction and 16 chapters: "The Oral Dependency Need"; "Dynamics of the Unconscious Guilt"; "Feelings of Inferiority, Impending Doom and Bad Luck"; "Feelings of Guilt"; "The Feeling That There's Something Wrong"; "The Feeling That There Is Something Physically Wrong"; "The Transsexual"; "'Depression'"; "Misperceiving the Unconscious Guilt"; "Projection of Guilt in the Second Position"; "Projection of Guilt in the Third Position"; "The Distortion of Interpersonal Relationships"; "Decreasing Unconscious Guilt"; "'Treating' the Unconscious Guilt and the Unmet Oral Need." Chapter 16 is a summary. Before commenting on the book, I would like to quote some of the author's statements regarding it: "This book becomes the first of its kind in presenting not only what the witch doctor, the quack and the charlatan do in making emotionally uncomfortable people more uncomfortable, but more importantly, every interpersonal relationship as well" (page vii). "This book is simply written for those people


This paper introduces a video codec evaluation system. The system can evaluate the performance of video codec by changing encoding parameters from different dimensions: video content, resolution, codec preset, and bitrate. For each encoder, the system can enumerate all kinds of parameters above to encode test video sequences and then record codec's output video quality and time-consumption. Through this system, we can make detailed analysis of the performance of video codec.


Clinical initial caries appear as no obvious difference to normal ones in X-ray images. Researchers attempt to set up computer-aided system to facilitate clinical initial caries diagnosis. This paper mainly made two efforts, image enhancement using watershed and modification of SVM kernel function. Experiments show that the testing accuracy of the kernel-modified SVM caries detection is improved compared to the former research, and the image enhancement helps dentists to find caries easier.


The material that follows represents a condensed account of a study undertaken over a period of three years. The material will be presented in three parts: Part I includes a review of the relevant literature, study rationale; Part II, the presentation and analysis of data, interpretation of data, discussion and conclusions; and Part III, the methodology, including details of the test instruments used and bibliography.


degenerative spine disease and was examined using MRI. Case report A local tumour recurrence was detected in the right psoas muscle (Fig. 1). For the third time the patient, now A 76-year-old man had presented in 1991 with a palpable mass in the right flank; he had undergone aged 84 years, underwent surgery. Histological examination revealed a partly calcified sarcomatoid RCC radical nephrectomy revealing a sarcomatoid RCC, 10×7×7 cm, classified as pT3aN0M0G3–4 with (9×3×2 cm) with tumour-free margins (Fig. 2). The patient is currently enrolled in a follow-up, including tumour-free margins. One year later the patient underwent surgery for an asymptomatic local recurrence of abdominal CT, every 3 months. 8×6×5 cm with involvement of the ascending colon, and metastases in three paracolic lymph nodes. A right hemicolectomy with an ileotransversostomy was performed. Again, a poorly diCerentiated sarcomatoid RCC with tumour-free margins was documented. In 1998 the patient complained about his left side in relation to


Abnormal sleep is commonly observed in the ICU and is associated with delirium and increased mortality. If sedation is necessary, it is often performed with gamma‐aminobutyric acid agonists such as propofol or midazolam leading to an absence of restorative sleep. We aim to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on sleep quality and quantity.


– Very often our Cultural Heritage deals with several cases of lost monuments or part of them, due to destruction, replacement or radical changes caused over time. Today the documentation of intangible because lost heritage can be supported by virtual reconstruction, based on a multidisciplinary approach, for both scientific and cultural-leisure applications. Currently, the use of 3D digital acquisition techniques represents the most popular means for the documentation and digitization of our Heritage. The advantage of recreating a detailed virtual model of an invisible place can, on one hand, support scholars in their associated studies, to better understand urban or architectural transformations for example; on the other hand, improving the spread of Cultural Heritage artefacts by using different medium of visualization reaching a wider public directly. To this purpose, geomatics techniques and survey data processing provide a very powerful tool, extracting both geometric and descriptive information. The paper deals virtual a particular as and in the the Venetian


f WASHINCxTON — ^Whether ceilings on the number of employees in »ach Federal department and agency are to be continued , must soon be decided by Congress, which is to hold early hearings on the proposed base-pay increase bills.


A method based on solid-phase extraction using sub-microspheres magnetite(Fe 3 O 4) as adsorbent was developed for the determination of three plant growth regulators residues from water samples by high performance liquid chromatography.Monodispersed sub-microspheres magnetite(Fe 3 O 4) was synthesized by a solvothermal reduction method using ethylene glycol and FeCl 3.6H 2 O as the raw materials.After adjusting the pH value,the water samples were cleaned up with solid phase extraction.Good linearities(r 2 0.999) for three plant growth regulators residues were obtained.The limits of detection for 2,4-D、NAA、6BA were 0.06,0.02,0.04 mg / L,respectively.The recoveries of these compounds from three spiked water samples ranged from 85.3 to 96.1 %,with RSDs less than 7.52%.The method was sensitive and simple,and was suitable for monitoring of 2,4-D、 NAA、6-BA in water.


The Fe K-edge micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of omphacite included within garnet from the Dabie eclogites, east-central China, were mea- sured to estimate the oxidation state of iron in omphacite. The micro-XANES analyses of omphacite inclusions within garnet yield higher Fe 3+ /SFe ratios of 0.18 to 0.59 than those of 0.00 to 0.31 calculated by charge balance from electron microprobe analyses. The estimated temperatures of garnet-clinopyroxene pairs from 10 eclogites using Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ contents calculated by charge balance are 603 to 1078°C except one sample. The temperatures calculated using micro-XANES-measured Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ contents are 530-918°C except one sample. Along the north-south cross-section in the study area, the estimated temperatures based on the charge balance calculation of Fe 3+ tend to be identical or higher than tem- peratures estimated based on the calculation of Fe 3+ using the XANES technique. Seven of the micro-XANES measurements give approximate temperatures from 500°C to 700°C, and three of the measurements give temperatures of more than 800°C. Those three samples contain higher XGrs corresponding to the distribution coefficient of garnet- clinopyroxene pairs. The pressure and temperature results estimated by the garnet- clinopyroxene-phengite geothermobarometers are mostly in subsolidus conditions, suggesting that there is no extensive melting in eclogite. The present study represents a new temperature calibration based on Fe 3+ estimates in omphacite inclusion within garnet based on the XANES analysis, which is taken into account.


How did the theologians escape their dilemmas and serious misgivings? Poschmann's answer is: that in the 13th century men like Cardinal Hugo of St. Cher in Paris fell upon the idea of the thesaurus ecclesiae, the infinite treasure of the Church in heaven, built up by the inexhaustible merit of the blood of Christ and his saints. From this treasury the Church by virtue of her power of the keys henceforth transferred Christ's merit to the sinner's account and by a jurisdictional act safeguarded to him the remission of temporal punishments due to post-baptismal sins. To a NT believer it is strange that nowhere in this treatise do we hear of biblical metanoi as radical Umdenken, a renewal of the sinner's mind by the Spirit of God. The question is also to the point whether Poschmann's historical treatise does not imply a serious attenuation of the dogmatic finality of the doctrine of Indulgence as it came finally to be formulated in Luther's days. William A. Mueller


This case note discusses People v. Buza, the US State and federal Constitutional issues that it raises, and the potential societal impact from an ethical standpoint. Specifically, this case involving DNA collection of California arrestees raises issues as to the Fourth Amendment which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. The note also examines Buza's progeny which, aside from the DNA collection itself, raises privacy concerns as to the uploading of actual DNA profiles to a common database. Ethical concerns raised include future societal constructions of social class and genetic engineering. The note concludes that the judiciary is lax in its interpretation of cases involving DNA as technological advancements continue to hurdle forward.
Privacy, DNA Profile, Fourth Amendment, DNA Identification, Genetic Engineering


Th theory has, therefore, been advanced that mongolism is to some extent a result of of foetal environment due to this state. Advanced age of the mother has also been shown to be a factor in other congenital malformations, such as anencephaly, spina bifida, and congeital hydrocephaly (Malpas, 1937; Penrose, 1946a). In one series of 570 families with children showing various congenital abnormalities, Murphy (1936) rported that the mean maternal age at the time of birth of the first malformed child was 28-4 years, the corresponding age at the birth of the first normal child being 23 years. Some authors have noticed that certain abnormalities appear more often in the first-born than in subsequent pregnances. Still (1927), for instanc, orted the well-known fact that a large proportion of children with pyloric stenosis are first-born, and suggsted that the same is probably true for some other abnormaities. Prinogeniture also is shown to be of possible etiological sig with regard to anencephaly, spina biida, and congenital hydrocephaly (Malpas, 1937; Penrose, 1946a). On the otih hand,some malformations tend to occur more often in later born children than in earlier sibings Certain forms of mental defic , most notably imngolian idiocy, seem to come into this categoy (Penrose, 1934). Malpas (1937) reported in a study of 294 children with various congenital malformations born at the Iiverpool Matenity Hospital that 70 per cent. of the children with cleft palate and harelip were born to multiparae in contrast to an average of multparae in the whole hospital population of 54 per cent. In a similar study of 582 malformed children in whom hydrocephaly and spina bifida wer reprsented in nearly one-half of the cases, Murphy and Mazer (1935) concludedthat congenital abnormalties occurred more frequently in later than in earlier prencs


A number of solvent-based processes for the recovery of heavy oil have been proposed in recent years. One of the phenomena that characterizes all such processes, to varying degrees, is viscous fingering. This paper describes the results of a combined experimental/simulation study aimed at characterizing viscous fingering under conditions typical of heavy oil recovery (very high ratios of oil to solvent viscosity). The study also sheds light on other phenomena that are part of such processes. We describe a set of four experiments carried out in heavy oil-saturated sand packs contained within a 30 cm x 60 cm x 1.4 cm visual cell. Three of the experiments involved injection of a miscible, liquid solvent at the bottom of the sand pack, with subsequent upward displacement of the heavy oil; the fourth involved top-down injection of a gaseous solvent. The miscible liquid displacements were dominated by a single solvent finger, which broke through quickly to a producing well at the other end of the sand pack. Observed breakthrough times were consistent with a correlation that describes reported results at lower viscosity contrast. The gaseous solvent experiment exhibited fingering but also had features of a gravity-driven VAPEX process in its later stages. Numerical simulations using a commercial reservoir simulator have been successful in reproducing key features of the experiments. Realistic fingering patterns are produced in the simulations by assuming small, random spatial variations of permeability. The correct modelling of dispersion is crucial in matching the observed phenomena. For gaseous fingering and VAPEX processes, capillary effects are significant and should be included in simulations.


During the past decade Russia has imposed import restrictions on different types of food and plant products from a vast number of countries, claiming to be acting on food safety scandals as the primary reason. However, most observers interpret these measures as acts of protectionism. In this article the Russian import restrictions on Norwegian fish products are presented as the main case in a discussion of the rationale behind the measures. Our main finding is that, although the measures are trade barriers that lack transparency and documentation related to the alleged food safety risks, the traditional protectionist rationale, i.e. restricting imported volumes to prevent competition, does not seem to be the driving force behind the restrictions. Instead, we argue that food trade is regulated in order to regain governmental control over economic transactions and economic actors. Russian authorities have been very careful not to disturb the overall supply of seafood to Russia when implementing new import regulations. Also, import volumes of food to the Russian market in general have been increasing. This is linked to the fact that Russia is highly import-dependent and unable to replace imports. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings with regard to future market access to the Russian food market, including the potential for Russia's adaptation to relevant World Trade Organisation (WTO) agreements.


This paper investigates the implication of production-technology uncertainty for the exclusion theorem. The paper presents the result that the risk-averse firm facing production technology uncertainty prefers an intermediate location to avoid risk under certain conditions. The firm chooses an intermediate location (over a corner location) particularly if its degree of risk aversion overwhelms the inherent convexity of profit with respect to location. The latter depends, in turn, on the structure of production technology characterized by the elasticity of substitution and returns to scale parameters.


Speaking is one of important skills that need to be practiced more. As a part of non-government education, some boarding schools have policy to determine its own curriculum based on the students' need. The students have to communicate, for example, using English and Arabic, inside the boarding school circle, everyday. This research is to identify the teaching speaking techniques used by Ustad Salman in "Madani" boarding school and to explain the implementation of the techniques to his students in A. Fuadi "The Land of Five Towers" novel.

The research design of this study was descriptive qualitative research design because there was no treatment as in experimental research. The approach used in analyzing this novel was objective approach because it only found out the teaching speaking technique used by Ustad Salman. Then, the researcher did not study about the author's life and background. The subject of this analysis only focuses on the teaching speaking technique used by Ustad Salman in "The Land of Five Towers" novel.

In the novel the researcher found three teaching speaking techniques used by Ustad Salman; imitative speaking, explaining and discussing technique. The teacher implemented those techniques during the teaching learning process. He used imitative speaking to teach Arabic language. Then, he combined explanation and discussion technique during extra night-class. He discussed about previous and the next-day subject together with his students, when they got bored, he started to explain about some excerpts from inspiring stories and matched with them to the students' situation and condition.


We investigate the use of a narrowband DDO51 filter for photometric identification of cool white dwarfs. We report photometric observations of 30 known cool white dwarfs with temperatures ranging from 10,000 K down to very cool temperatures (≤3500 K). Follow-up spectroscopic observations of a sample of objects selected using this filter and our photometric observations show that DDO51 filter photometry can help select cool white dwarf candidates for follow-up multiobject spectroscopy by rejecting 65% of main-sequence stars with the same broadband colors as the cool white dwarfs. This technique is not selective enough to efficiently feed single-object spectrographs. We present the white dwarf cooling sequence using this filter. Our observations show that very cool white dwarfs form a sequence in the r - DDO versus r - z color-color diagram and demonstrate that significant improvements are needed in white dwarf model atmospheres.


In this paper, we establish some common fixed point results for two pairs of weakly compatible mappings in the setting of $C$-complex valued metric space. Also, as application of the proved result, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of a common solution of the system of the Urysohn integral equations: \begin{eqnarray*} x(t)=\psi_i(t)+\int_{a}^{b}K_i(t,s,x(s))ds \end{eqnarray*} where $i=1, 2, 3, 4, a,b\in \mathbb{R}$ with $a\leq b, t\in [a,b], x, \psi_i\in C([a,b],\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $K_i:[a,b]\times [a,b]\times \mathbb{R}^n\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n$ is a mapping for each $i=1, 2, 3, 4$.


Drawing upon the carding and evaluating of the existing literatures for integrating modes and methods at home and abroad,the integrating types for different controlling levels were put forward according to the acqurers strategic objectives and the characteristics of both the acquirer and the acquiree.The method of the formulation and implemention of integrating strategy with combined analysis of related factors was set up on the premise of follow the guidelines of the integrating,and basis on this,the principles and main contents were discussed when the acqurier formulated and implemented the integrating strategy after merger and acquisition.


Abstract Laccases (benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductases, [EC18.104.22.168] are mostly known as members of the blue multicopper oxidase family that are used in very different industrial applications: textile, pulp and paper, food, cosmetics industries, bioremediation process, biosensor, biofuel and organic synthesis. Stability against the extreme conditions is an important property and it makes laccase suitable for several industrial processes. Laccase should have salt resistance to be used in textile dye degradation because the textile wastewaters include dyes with high concentrations of salts, especially NaCl. Bacterial laccases are preferable to be used for bioremediation process due to their high stability to extremely salt contaminated and alkalophilic environment. Bacillus subtilis LP2 was identified as a source of alkali-tolerant, salt resistant laccase. Laccase showed activity over a wide pH (4–10) and temperature (30–80 °C) range. Maximum laccase activity was observed as 140.4 U/mg (umol/min*mg) at pH 8 and 50 °C with the substrate guaiacol. Stability of laccase was determined as 60% and 20% after incubation of the enzyme for different time intervals of 20 and 40 min at 50 °C and pH 8. SDS (10 mM) and EDTA (5 mM) decreased laccase activity from 100% to 0% and 56%, respectively. Despite the other inhibitors, NaCI increased the activity of laccase to 167% at 500 mM concentration. Laccase from Bacillus subtilis LP2 barely showed the activity on the substrates vanillin and L-tyrosine. These results clearly show that laccase from Bacillus subtilis LP2 has high potential to be used for several applications in textile industry.


Most of the participants were Saudi (97%), female (69.4%), and most of them were highly ed-ucated; 76.7% knew the definition of squint, 56% knew at least one cause of strabismus, 43% knew the symptoms and the main source of information was family /friends in 27.5%.


Fining effective and informative biomarker genes form microarray is very challenging. In order to develop an hybrid gene selection algorithm, numerous filter feature selection algorithms have been previously reported. This research paper aims to identify the filter method that will improve the performance of our previously proposed FF-SVM algorithm to find the minimum number of accurate genes that achieves high accuracy performance. Therefore, an experiment was conducted using four different filter methods: Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy (mRMR), Joint Mutual Information (JMI), F-score, and Double Input Symmetrical Relevance (DISR). This experiment was undertaken in two phases: the first phase was filter to SVM, to identify the minimum number of features (genes) which served to maximize the SVM classifier; the second phase was filter to FF-SVM, to ascertain the best suite filter method to our previously proposed FF-SVM algorithm. The result of this experiment would be the most suited filter method to the FF-SVM. In conclusion, we found that the f-score method outperformed other filter methods when combined with FF-SVM.


We present the system performance when the voice traffic is transmitted to the base station controller (BSC) from the base station transceiver subsystem (BTS) in the International Mobile Telecommunication-2000 (IMT-2000) network. We first describe the configuration of the BTS and BSC, and then model them as a queueing network. By a simulation study, we evaluate the processing capacity of the call control blocks and the transmission efficiency of the physical links. Further, we present the timeout time that should be set for multiplexing the user packets on the ATM cell payload. Finally, we present the transmission delay time of voice traffic from the radio channel element (RCE) to the selector & transcoder subsystem (STS) for the offered traffic which can be simultaneously accommodated on one El link.


This study evaluated litter production and decomposition in areas of spontaneous secondary forest, sabia ( Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth.) and andiroba ( Carapa guianensis Aubl.) plantation. For litter contribution evaluation, 10 conical collectors were installed, and the contribution was evaluated from October, 2003 to September, 2004. N, P and K contents were quantified in litter. To evaluate decomposition, rate litter bags method was used. In the andiroba plantation area, it was observed the higher litter amount 9,20 Mg ha -1 ,  followed by the sabia plantation with 9,06 Mg ha -1 and spontaneous secondary forest 7,63 Mg ha -1 . Sabia and andiroba litter presented larger nitrogen and phosphorus values in relation to the secondary forest area. Litter decomposition rate was faster in sabia and andiroba areas. This behavior might be influenced by larger nitrogen content in the litter. Phosphorus was the nutrient that presented the higher liberation rate.


Hygiene masks are worn in medical facilities by healthcare workers, patients, and hospital visitors. The three primary objectives of this presentation are to present on why and how a mask should be worn and what facial areas the mask protects. Usually, the mask covers the wearer's nose and mouth. In this presentation, we first present the results of a physics experiment aimed at identifying the precise facial area that needs to be protected from the external environment. Second, we describe observational results relating to the macro air gap between the mask and facial surface that is present when wearing a mask. Third, we propose the most appropriate manner to wear a mask by considering the air gap between a mask and face and based on the analysis of our experimental and observational results.


Objective To evaluate the sensitizing efficiency and toxicity of docetaxel in patients with stage III-lymph node N2nasopharyngeal cancer treated with chemo-radiotherapy. Methods Forty-eight patients with stage Ⅲ-lymph node N2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into concurrent chemo-radiotherapy group and radiotherapy alone group,24 cases in each group. Intensity modulated radiation therapy( IMRT) was applied to the both groups. Radiation doses were 70 ~ 76 Gy /7 ~ 8 week and 70 ~ 76Gy /7 ~ 8 week at nasopharyngeal location and lymph node metastases of the neck,respectively. On this basis,docetaxel( 20-25 mg /m2) was added weekly to the concurrent chemo-radiotherapy group. Results The rate of complete remission( CR) in the concurrent chemo-radiotherapy group was 83. 3%,while the radiotherapy alone group was 66. 7%( P 0. 05). The major toxic reactions were leukopenia and reaction of oral mucosa. Conclusion Docetaxel as a radiation sensitizer agent with better clinical sensitizing effect can increases the treatment efficiency for patients with stage III-lymph node N2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and the side effects of the concurrent chemo-radiotherapy can be tolerated.


Image matching has been a critical research topic in many computer vision applications, such as stereo vision, feature tracking, motion tracking, image registration and mosaicing, object recognition, and 3D reconstruction. Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) is a template-based image matching approach which is invariant to linear brightness and contrast variations. As a first step in mosaicing, we use NCC to a great extent for matching images which is an expensive and time consuming operation. Thus, an attempt is made to implement NCC in GPU and multi-CPU to improve the execution time for real-time applications. We also show performance differences for our different parallelization techniques: dense and sparse NCC. Finally, we compare the enhancement in performance and efficiency in timing by switching NCC implementation from CPU to GPU.


Royal jelly,an important honeybee product,is not only nutritional food regulating the development and case differentiation of honeybee,but also a health-care product with very effective activities for animal and human health.This paper introduces the active components,total composition and nutritional and healthy functions of main active components,such as 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid,proteins and peptides of royal jelly.It also introduces the research progress made in molecular mechanism related to lifespan and fertility.According to the internal and external new research trends,it puts forward related suggestions as paying attention to basic research on royal jelly,developing deep process and biological engineering industry of royal jelly.


Glassy cell carcinoma (GCC) of the cervix is a rare and highly malignant tumor, accounting for only 1-2% of all cervical carcinomas. This infrequent pathologic subtype is an aggressive biologic tumor associated with a rapid deteriorating clinical course and poor outcome, despite treatment. The number of cases of cervical GCC is too small to draw conclusion about the treatment of choice and survival. A case of cervical GCC is presented here. The patient suffered from post-coital vaginal bleeding. Cervical biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Radical hysterectomy was performed. Upon a more extensive pathologic exam, glassy cell carcinoma was diagnosed. Concurrent chemoradiation with 3 courses of cisplatin, epirubicin and mitomycin-C (PEM) and 2 courses of weekly cisplatin were given after primary surgical treatment. Post treatment, the patient remains disease free and continues to receive regular follow-up in our clinic.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an improved Mie-Gruneisen mixture model to simulate underwater explosion (UNDEX). Design/methodology/approach – By using Mie-Gruneisen equations of state (EOS) to model explosive charge, liquid water and solid structure, the whole fluid field is considered as a multi-phases mixture under Mie-Gruneisen EOS. Then by introducing auxiliary variables in Eulerian model and using mass fraction to establish a diffusion balance, a new improved Mie-Gruneisen mixture model is presented here. For the new reconstructed mixture model, a second order MUSCL scheme with TVD limiter is employed to solve the multi-phase Riemann problem. Findings – Numerical examples show that the results obtained by Mie-Gruneisen mixture model are quite closed to theoretical and empirical data. The model can be also used in 2-D fluid-structure problem of UNDEX effectively and it is proved that the deformation of structure can be clearly described by mass fraction. Research limitations/implic...


A review of the ways in which contrasting sociological studies of policing and police criminalistic studies of crime control have co-evolved in a rich tradition of research and practice.


In recent years, the Canadian health care system's universality, comprehensiveness, and accessibility have been shaken by the effects of increasing medical technology, contraction of the hospital sector, an aging population, and widespread physician shortages. All have contributed to a situation where access to care is becoming difficult, health services fragmented, and health care workers increasingly demoralized. In response, there has been no shortage of proposals for reform, particularly in the area of primary care. Government, medical organizations, and health advocacy groups have tackled the issue. Despite two decades of endeavour, no province has implemented meaningful reform. In the same period, Australia has revolutionized the organization and delivery of general practice care. At this time of uncertainty in Canadian family medicine, perhaps something can be learned from the Australian experience.


This study seeks to find the impact of legal system and protection of property rights on the size of tax evasion. For this aim, MIMIC model estimates of size of tax evasion as percentage of GDP are utilized. Based on the Swamy's slope homogeneity test results, Group Mean Panel Dynamic OLS estimation is conducted. Long-run coefficients show that the relationship between tax evasion and impartial courts is negative in average. The relationship between tax evasion and protection of property rights is also negative in average. However, the signs of the relationship vary across economies within the sample.


The most common causes of death in neonatal period is infection (32%) followed by birth asphyxia (29%) and prematurity (24%).Neonatal infections currently cause 1.6 million deaths in developing countries (Choudhury et al., 2007). Multidrug resistant Gram negative bacilli belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae have been increasingly responsible for infections among the neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in many countries including India and Klebsiella pneumoniae constitutes a majority of these pathogens (Krishna et al., 2007). The most common mechanism of resistance in Gram negative bacteria is by the production of ß lactamases which inactivate lactam antibiotics. Among the lactamases, Extended Spectrum lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC -lactamases are most commonly produced. AmpC lactamases are more important because they confer resistance to narrow, expanded, broad-spectrum cephalosporins, lactam lactamase inhibitor combinations and aztreonam, Earlier the AmpC -lactamases were ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 8 (2015) pp. 391-398 http://www.ijcmas.com


We claim that independent voters use performance as their main heuristic: if the incumbent fares well, independents reward it; if it fares poorly, they switch to the main opposition party. To make the switch easier, independents place themselves in the centre of the ideological dimension. Using Spanish data, our results confirm that independents rely more on performance than partisan voters, net of ideological proximity. Two implications also hold: voters ideologically equidistant between the Partido Socialista Obrero Español and Partido Popular are overwhelmingly independents, valuing the incumbent's performance more than non-equidistant voters; and independents rarely switch to smaller parties when the incumbent's performance is bad.


In the Beginning: The Navajo Genesis. JEROLO LEVY. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. ix +265 pp., tables, appendix, references, index.


A low-power Weaver image-reject receiver based on 3rd-order signal recursion is demonstrated. The design employs two downconverters and seeks to enhance the dynamic range and gain-bandwidth product per unit power dissipation metric by adopting recursive gain reuse at multiple frequencies. Utilizing an LO at frequency fLO, the downconverter recursively amplifies an RF signal at fRF at 3 distinct frequencies, namely fRF, fRF - fLO and fRF - 2fLO, while using the same DC bias current. Further, the receiver uses the same quadrature mixers to perform the two frequency translations. The design is implemented in a 130 nm CMOS process. Over a current range from 650 μA to 2 mA, employing a supply voltage of 1.2V, the design achieves a corresponding conversion gain in the range from 57.2-82.7 dB, flicker noise corner <; 20 kHz, and a SSBNF of 13.6-6.8 dB for fRF = 404/434 MHz, in each downconverter. The architecture is suitable for application in a low-IF MICS/ISM band receiver, and low-power sensor applications.


: The concept of leadership styles in management discipline is not new. Changes in the economic, social and technological environment have also brought with them different perspectives in the business arena among them, stiff competition. These intricacies have also brought changes in the roles of management with a demand or focus on leadership style that suits the situation. This paper sought to analyse a leader and leadership style and tried to establish the correlation between leader's style and performance. Several studies have pointed out that employee performance was based on the style or character or command of the leader. As such when organizations fail in performance, it's the leader who is changed not the employees. Therefore, the study focused on leader style and performance. Leaders who seem to resist change are outpaced, becoming irrelevant by day and fail in performance. For leaders to remain relative, credible and relevant, they must accept, participate and adapt to change. Therefore, of late, performance of organizations is seemingly dependent or centred on leadership style a manager displays. Management styles have been intensively discussed in business practice and academic research. The objective of this empirical study was also to gain a deeper understanding of how management or leadership styles affect business operations and or influence on performance. Based on data collected from different organizations in Zimbabwe, 80% of the results revealed that leadership style relative to situation was more successful than displaying the same style no matter the situation. Adaptability answers many problems to business management. Furthermore, the results reinforced the need to adapt to situations and respond to them for effectiveness and efficiency.


Optical CDMA is being proposed as a suitable multiaccess technique to take advantage of the large bandwidth available in single-mode fiber-optic communications. In a CDMA system the communication link is shared by a number of users, each of which has a unique address code called signature. Recently an all-optical CDMA system based upon encoding and decoding coherent ultrashort light pulses was introduced. An important factor in the performance of the CDMA system is the peak intensity of the encoded signals. We consider using random signatures for the phase encoding of the light pulses in this system and prove that they result in a fairly low peak intensity of the signals. In particular, we obtain an upper bound on the probability that the peak intensity of the encoded signal is greater than some value. This bound is strictly better than previously reported bounds and decreases exponentially with the length of the signatures. We also find a lower bound on the maximum number of "minimally interfering" signatures (or, to be more accurate, A-separated signatures, which will be defined) of length No that can be designed. Assuming that the communication is reliable if and only if any pair of signatures in the system is A-separated, a notion of capacity is defined and a lower bound on it is found.


Authentication is a key requirement in security of integrated wireless networks. A Mobile Node (MN) requires to be re-authenticated whenever it performs vertical handoff in integrated wireless networks. The re-authentication causes delay in communication. If MN is not re-authenticated, it causes an even more serious problem of unauthorized entry in a network. In order to solve this problem, we have proposed a scheme for seamless vertical handoff. In proposed scheme, MN performs first authentication and gets an authentication certificate (AC) from home authentication server. The authentication servers of partner network domains share the public keys of each other. Whenever MN wants to switch its network domain, it shows an AC to authentication server of the target network. This AC is encrypted by private key of issuing server. The target network's authentication server verifies that AC using public key of issuing authority and then authenticates a valid MN. The proposed approach reduces the number of messages, costs less bandwidth for vertical handoff and ensures only authorized entry of a MN from one network to another network.


【Objective】 The existing water distribution pipe net work determine optimal design model simplified the calculation,but left out the influence on optimal result of uncertain parameters.【Method】 This paper took pipe flow,nodal required minimal water head and pipe roughness coefficient as stochastic,established pipe network chance-constrained programming models for optimal design of water distribution network by gravity pressure and pump station.Based on the stochastic simulation technique,line-up competition algorithm was applied for model solving.【Result】 The result testified by case study showed that the uncertain variable had obvious influence on optimal result,and the wider variable range,the larger pump and cost.【Conclusion】 This method is colser to reality and supplenments the shortage of the existing design model.


"Flexibility works" stresses being "flexible" in policing activities, and that is to make full use of policing strategies in various conditions. Flexible policing strategies can increase the efficiency of the policing activities. "Flexible strategies" mainly include: crossing the sea under camouflage; try whatyou have devised against others; make a feint to the east but attack in the west; to advance secretly by an unknown path; circuitous straight; attack and raid.


Tourism is a growing industry worldwide. Consumers increasingly have more access to information on the internet which encourages their search in the purchase process. However, not everyone has the confidence to buy a ticket or make a reservation online. They prefer to do it through a traditional agency, where they interact with the staff. The objective of this research is to identify the risk that a person perceives when deciding buy from a traditional agency or online. We also identify decisive factors in buying, from a person traveling from Queretaro to Cancun. The method of analysis to determine significant differences between variables were n-way anova and factorial analysis to determine the decisive factors in buying to help as strategic elements.