Сreation of noise exposure maps and airport noise compatibility programs are the basic steps in aircraft noise exposure and impact management in/around the airports, both of them are fundamental for aircraft noise zoning procedures. Noise reduction at source is also a strategic element of this management, and efficient implementation of quieter aircraft designs in operation provides closer distances of the boundaries of noise zones prohibited for residences to runway axis. These new conditions oblige the decision-makers, responsible for noise management, to be stricter with procedures for noise zones definition and to include in consideration a number of new acoustic sources inside the aerodrome besides the aircraft in flight operation, which may influence the overall exposure and impact of noise on population living or/and acting around the airport. In other words, current noise exposure maps and airport noise compatibility programs must include these dominant noise sources at specific locations of the airport also, not only the flight noise sources, as it was enough before. Today such essential noise sources for consideration in airport noise management are the aircraft in maintenance and overhaul and the aircraft during the taxing between the runway and stands on apron first of all, especially if their locations are quite far from aircraft flight operation routes and close to the residential areas around the aerodrome. The noise maps are required to be calculated currently, as for aircraft operation, so as for their maintenance and overhaul, but the measurements are evident also for their confidence and accuracy purposes.


One of the main problems faced by the healthcare sector in the developing countries such as India is the slowness in technological innovation, which has a huge impact on the quality of patient care. With very narrow margins, the return on investment on technologies is particularly important in healthcare. In countries like India, the different kinds of healthcare institutions, small to large, have concerns in the allocation of budgets to implement information systems and technology. The right investment decisions in information systems are important to sustain and cater to the evolving needs of patients. So, it becomes essential for healthcare institutions in India and other developing countries to take appropriate investment decisions which could be based on several considerations. The main objective of this paper is to identify and analyze the factors, which are contributing to the accurate allocation of information system budgets in order to enhance the quality of care in different sized institutions.


For better understanding the operation of organic electronic devices, the information of carrier behavior is indispensable. In this study, we propose a new usage of time-off-light (TOF) technique to examine the carrier behavior in operating device. From the measurement for ITO|α-NPD|Alq3|Al device, which is a widely investigated organic light emitting diode, we have demonstrated the feasibility of TOF measurement for double-layer device in operating condition. The obtained TOF signal includes two kinds of useful information: (i) carrier transporting nature under the influence of actual current flow and (ii) delayed-transport and blocking of carriers at hetero interface.


INTRODUCTION: Nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) is a diagnosis lacking standardized definitions, making the diagnosis susceptible to bias and systemic factors. We assessed whether the decision to proceed with intrapartum cesarean delivery (CD) was associated with time of the day and whether this relationship was influenced by the presence of in-house obstetricians. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of term pregnancies admitted in spontaneous labor or for induction between January 2019 and June 2021. The primary outcome was decision to perform intrapartum CD for NRFS. Generalized additive models with smoothing splines were used to explore nonlinear associations between time of day and CD rates. Results were then stratified by whether the attending obstetrician was in-house or remote. RESULTS: Of 5,526 deliveries, 6.0% were intrapartum CD for NRFS. In the overall cohort, CD for NRFS was consistent throughout the day (P=.056). For patients with in-house obstetricians, the decision for CD for NRFS was not influenced by time of day (P=.072). For patients without in-house obstetricians, the decision to perform CD for NRFS was influenced by the time of day (P=.028), with a decreasing frequency from midnight to afternoon with nadir at 15:00 (2.5%), and a subsequent increasing frequency that peaked at 23:00 (10.3%). CONCLUSION: The decision to perform CD for NRFS is influenced by the time of day when the obstetrician is not in-house. This decision is not affected by time of day when the obstetrician is in-house. Systemic factors such as immediate obstetrician availability affect the diagnosis of NRFS.


The full-bridge converter is often connected between the ac grid and the dc bus. In the conventional multiloop control, the inner current control loop shapes the ac-side current waveform, and the outer voltage control loop regulates the dc-bus voltage. In this paper, the single-loop bidirectional current sensorless control (BCSC) for the full-bridge ac/dc converter with considering both the inductor resistance and conduction voltage is first proposed. The average-value behavior of the full-bridge ac/dc converter is analyzed and it is simplified to an equivalent single-switch model. Based on this developed equivalent model, BCSC is designed and implemented in the FPGA-based system. There is only voltage control loop in the proposed BCSC (i.e., no current control loop), but BCSC is able to regulate the dc-bus voltage and shape the ac-side current. The provided results in both the rectifier operation and the inverter operation demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed BCSC.


This work aimed at describing the Neoproterozoic evolution of a Southern Brasilia Fold Belt segment, in Tapira area (southwest of Minas Gerais state, Brazil), using detailed geologic mapping. This area, the Canastra Group type-area, has showed great tectonic and stratigraphic complexities unlike the simplicity suggested in previous works. From recognizing the main tectonic discontinuities, it was possible to subdivide the area into some domains. In the west domain, they were individualized in tectonic sheet I, marked by pelitic rocks and pelitic-graphite rocks with psammitic intercalations, and II, pelitic rocks with psammitic and mafic-ultramafic intercalations overlapped by gneisses. In the east domain, a group of three tectonic sheets was defined, in which, in the two lower tectonic sheets, pelitic and pelitic-graphite rocks with psammitic rock intercalations prevailed, which is different in metamorphic conditions. The lower tectonic sheet is marked by mineralogical associations with muscovite + chlorite + quartz ± graphite ± albite, without biotite; however, the superior one is with muscovite + quartz + garnet ± chlorite ± biotite ± chloritoid ± graphite ± albite. In the upper tectonic sheet, pelitic rocks with local contributions of psammitic and ultramafics rocks occur. In the south domain, psammitic rocks basically occur with contributions of pelitics and rudaceous rocks, where the preservation of textures and sedimentary structures is common. Rocks of the several domains are interpreted as part of a passive continental margin basin, located in the western margin of the Sao Francisco paleocontinent. Thus, the south domain rocks would represent the facies of proximal platform; rocks of the lower and middle tectonic sheets (east domain) and of the tectonic sheet I (west domain) are of facies distal platform; and the ones from the upper tectonic sheet (east domain) and tectonic sheet II (west domain) were acknowledged as deposited in an environment of continental shelf and/or oceanic seafloor.


The present invention describes a cutting tool, the cutting tool having improved properties for metal machining, the cutting tool having a hard and wear resistant coating on a cemented carbide substrate and located on the substrate surface. Coating is formed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and deposited. A coating of a metal nitride and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) binding composition. Layered coating consisting of a multilayer structure. Blade is further processed to respectively have different upper rake face and an outer layer of the front side.


In this project, we investigate the potential for new sensing modalities to help drive progress on streetscahep accessibility by reproducing a geographic section of a major data collection exercise the Broadway Curb Cut Survey using updated technologies. We compare three data collection methods: (i) a smartphone-based field survey with user-generated photos and curb cut locations; (ii) the mass-market 3D imaging device 'Structure Sensor'; and (iii) a 360-degree LiDAR scanner. Post-processing of the point cloud data on Broadway curb cuts is conducted, physical measurements are extracted, and a webmap is constructed to make data on accessibility problems easily accessible to decision-makers. Challenges identified include measurement of slope angles and accurate geo-location of the curbs. Having refined the methods through field testing, our work demonstrates the feasibility of 3D imaging to acquire useful information on physical properties of city streets including slope width and steepness, presence of bumps and drops, and potholing. Such sensing methods may also help alleviate behavioral constraints to crowd-sourcing of accessibility data. Based on stakeholder requirements and our evaluation of the data collection methods, we propose the creation of a smartphone application that would combine survey methods with 3D imagery.


A surface-oriented planar Schottky diode for use as a detector diode on Si monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC's) was developed. The active n-on-n/sup +/ and contact n/sup +/ regions were doped on the high-resistivity silicon substrate using phosphorus ion implantation. The PtSi-Si barrier was formed by metallurgical interaction between pure platinum film and silicon. The process technology developed for the Schottky-detector diode fabrication is precise, simple, and cheap, and is suitable for mass production. The typical measured cutoff frequency of a zero-biased fabricated Schottky diode is 118 GHz.


The invention relates to a process for isomerising aromatic compounds containing eight carbon atoms per molecule in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one zeolite with structure type EUO as the implementation of the method said-is performed in the presence of water in the feed to the end of a catalyst activation period.


distribution; correlation fractal dimension. Abstract: In this paper, samples are first designed and made based on the orthogonal experiment law. Afterward, image gray processing and image binarization processing are performed on the electrospun nanofibres non-woven fabrics image that is captured by the electron microscope through digital picture processing technique, and then is refined with fiber structure through the image thinning algorithm and the diameter distribution of the simple can be obtained through calculating the average diameter of the fabric distributed in various position. Subsequently, the mathematical treatment is performed to the sample's diameter distribution. G-P algorithm is used to calculate the correlation fractal dimension of the diameter distribution. After acquired with fractal dimension, the mapping relation between the fractal dimension and physical properties of filtration efficiency can be verified through the analysis of numerical relation between the fractal feature of electrospun nanofiber nonwoven fabric and the properties of filtration efficiency, which furthermore provides another scale to the evaluation of the electrostatic spinning nano fiber non-woven cloth.


Diagnosis: progressive, mixed upper and lower motor neuron signs supported by electrophysiological tests are the hallmark of motor neuron disease (MND) other features may raise the possibility of a mimic condition or MND-plus syndrome Management: multidisciplinary care is essential actively to anticipate worsening disability and pre-empt avoidable problems good communication between all those involved is vital all interventions should be considered as to their possible side effects and whether they offer true benefit to the patient do not neglect treatment of other diseases Respiratory care: non-invasive ventilation is not suitable for all patients, but can offer major improvements in symptoms and quality of life Care of bulbar dysfunction: regular speech and language therapy (SALT) assessment, early attention to diet and consideration of gastrostomy, treat sialorrhoea as necessary Care of limb dysfunction: occupational therapy and physiotherapy, plus specialised units symptomatic agents for spasticity, cramps and fasciculations Psychological : treat depression in patients and carers, consider respite care Disease-modiflcation: small but definite effect of riluzole possible benefit from gabapentin End of life: consider early referral to palliative care service.


Feature fusion and selection strategies have been applied to improve accuracy in the prediction of protein–protein interaction (PPI). In this paper, an embedded feature selection framework is developed by integrating a cost function based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the particle swarm optimization (PSO), termed AVPSO. Initially, the features of the protein sequences extracted using pseudo‐amino acid composition (PseAAC), conjoint triad composition, and local descriptor are fused. Then, AVPSO is employed to select the optimal set of features. The light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) classifier is used to predict the PPIs using the optimal feature subset. On the five‐fold cross‐validation analysis, the proposed model (AVPSO‐LGBM) achieved an average accuracy of 97.12% and 95.09%, respectively, on the intraspecies PPI datasets Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Helicobacter pylori. On the interspecies, PPI datasets of the Human‐Bacillus and Human‐Yersinia, an average accuracy of 95.20% and 93.44%, are achieved. Results obtained on independent test datasets, and network datasets show that the prediction accuracy of the AVPSO‐LGBM is better than the existing methods, demonstrating its generalization ability. The improved prediction performance obtained by the proposed model makes it a reliable and effective PPI prediction model.


In order to reduce the distance between the GPC theory and application, the weighted GPC self-tuning algorithm is improved by introducing the item for correcting predictive model outputs errors and adopting zone control tactics. The predictive control scheme is given for controlling the oil-water separation process of the oilfield combination station. The simulation results show that the scheme decreases the frequency of executing device and enhances the operational placidity under the precondition of ensuring the controlling precision.


Using Compustat data, we document that prior to 1980, large R&D per-forming firms had higher R&D intensity (R&D/Sales) than small firms in the same industries. Over the course of the next two decades, in these same in-dustries, small firms came to rival and even surpass large firms in terms of R&D intensity. During this period, corporate R&D intensity nearly doubled and most of the aggregate increase is due to the substantial increase in R&D intensity among small firms. Little of the change in composition is explained by changes in the industrial distribution of R&D. Why did small firms increase their R&D after 1980 and not before? We argue that, after 1980, small firms were able to compete on better terms in industries already dominated by large firms. We show that the patterns we observe in the data are consistent with a straightforward dynamic model of R&D with falling barriers to entry. But what barriers fell? We argue the shift in R&D intensity by small firms was largely due to the electronics revolution. Prior to the 1980s, a large corporate sales and clerical force was an essential factor for the rapid and widespread distribution of new products. This technology clearly favored large, established firms. But the electronics revolution obviated the need for these factors, making entry easier.


Over the past century, the field of medicine has been revolutionized by the use of numerous pharmaceutical therapies. The medications used in these therapies have significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality rates associated with a countless number of diseases. However, as Dr Friedman notes in his introduction to Medication-Induced Movement Disorders, idiosyncratic adverse drug events are contributing to a new, growing burden of illness that is increasing the demand for more health care from our already stressed health care system. Antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia is among the most commonly recognized syndromes associated with medicationinduced movement disorders. Although many other syndromes, such as drug-induced tremors and parkinsonism, have subtle symptoms, antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia is associated with substantial morbidity related to falls and reduced independence. Other complications can occur when seemingly innocuous medications are used in combination. This was exemplified in the case of Libby Zion, a young woman who died when meperidine was administered to treat abnormal movements. In retrospect, the patient was demonstrating early signs of serotonin syndrome. It was suspected that fatigue from long call shifts impaired the treating resident's judgment. By increasing awareness of such syndromes, we hope to reduce the incidence of iatrogenic morbidity and mortality. Medication-Induced Movement Disorders provides a comprehensive overview of a spectrum of movement disorders that may develop as sequelae from the adverse effects of medication. This text is composed of 17 chapters highlighting a heterogeneous group of disorders that fall under the umbrella of movement disorders. The different chapters are written by authorities in the field, and the topics range from medication-induced tremors, to tardive syndromes, to levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson disease. Each chapter is dedicated to discussing a specific syndrome, with a detailed overview of the pathophysiology of the syndrome and the approaches to diagnosis and treatment strategies when applicable. Later chapters review advances in diagnostic imaging and novel therapeutics, such as deep brain stimulation. Although there are few tables and figures within the book, each chapter is well organized and easy to read. Medication-Induced Movement Disorders is a must-read book for psychiatrists and neurologist who often prescribe medications associated with these syndromes and/or who frequently assess patients with abnormal movements. In addition, this is an excellent reference book for trainees, general practitioners, emergency department physicians, and subspecialists to improve their effectiveness at prescribing medication, as well as their awareness of the early signs and symptoms of these syndromes, to minimize the exacerbation of these symptoms due to the adverse effects of medication.


Important differences in health outcomes across populations and geographical regions may reflect differences in access to healthcare services. Many studies have shown the effect of low access on health outcomes. Studies that look at access and disparate health outcomes are important in understanding and changing how and where healthcare services are located. Physicians in the United States most often practice in urban communities rather than rural communities. In 1997, only one out of ten physicians provided healthcare services in rural areas. This statistic means that only eleven percent of this nation's physicians provide healthcare to 20% of its population (USDA, 2002). Rural areas also have lower proportions of all healthcare professionals (Ricketts, 1999). Rural health services often experience diseconomies of scale in that their long run average cost increases as output increases (Folland et al. 2001). Providing care becomes too expensive; the providers lose money, and close or merge with other services thereby decreasing access. Rural populations then experience an increase in distance and travel time to access necessary healthcare services.


Litho rule checking (LRC) is now an established component in the mask synthesis flow. Yet the requirements placed on LRC have grown as process complexity has increased. At 45nm and beyond, new techniques are required to thoroughly and efficiently evaluate a layout for potential lithographic problems. This paper examines new modeling and checking techniques which improve the detection of lithographic errors. For more thorough error detection across a wider range of process points, a process window technique provides checking of potential lithographic errors at nine different process points. To better detect potential pinches or bridges induced by deep sub-wavelength lithography, a technique which identifies problems regardless of orientation is used. These techniques provide more thorough checking, both better accuracy and improved runtime performance across the complete process window.


Introduction: The lower third molar extraction is a procedure that can lead to some complications. To perform tooth extraction, the dental surgeon requests imaging exams to assess some aspects, including the proximity of the tooth to the inferior alveolar nerve. Based on these findings, the surgery can be performed or other tests can be requested, such as a cone beam computed tomography. If the proximity between such structures is confirmed through tomography, the coronectomy presents as an alternative to conventional third molar extraction or other mandibular teeth that are in close contact with the inferior alveolar nerve and, consequently, with a higher risk of damaging this structure. Objective: The present study aims to report two clinical cases of coronectomy performed at the surgery clinic of the Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM). Methodology: Two clinical cases were reported in this study.  Discussion: Although the results of this technique are positive, it is still not widely accepted due to the lack of long term studies and the possibility of having a second surgical procedure to remove residual roots. Conclusion: In both cases, no complications were reported by the patients, such as loss of sensitivity, pain, infection or dry socket.


The ambient temperatures prevailing in the microhabitats of six geographic races of Peromyscus (deer mice) were measured in the summer and winter seasons. A satisfactory method whereby thermistors were hauled by the mice into their microhabitats is described.The results show that the microhabitat provides an environment of moderate, stable temperature where the seasonal extremes of heat and cold can be avoided. Winter microclimate temperatures were never below freezing and were very similar among the habitats despite considerable differences in the gross climates. These observations suggest that there is no significant differential selective pressure for temperature adaptation among the six races, and support the previously reported findings that basal metabolic rate is nonadaptive to climate in Peromyscus.In the distribution and speciation of Peromyscus, the selection and modification of a suitable microclimate are of major temperature-adaptive significance. This particular behavioral method of temperatu...


We present an observational reconstruction of the radial water vapor content near the surface of the TW Hya transitional protoplanetary disk, and report the first localization of the snow line during this phase of disk evolution. The observations are comprised of Spitzer-IRS, Herschel-PACS, and Herschel-HIFI archival spectra. The abundance structure is retrieved by fitting a two-dimensional disk model to the available star+disk photometry and all observed H2O lines, using a simple step-function parameterization of the water vapor content near the disk surface. We find that water vapor is abundant (∼10−4 per H2) in a narrow ring, located at the disk transition radius some 4 AU from the central star, but drops rapidly by several orders of magnitude beyond 4.2 AU over a scale length of no more than 0.5 AU. The inner disk (0.5–4 AU) is also dry, with an upper limit on the vertically averaged water abundance of 10−6 per H2. The water vapor peak occurs at a radius significantly more distant than that expected for a passive continuous disk around a 0.6 M☉ star, representing a volatile distribution in the TW Hya disk that bears strong similarities to that of the solar system. This is observational evidence for a snow line that moves outward with time in passive disks, with a dry inner disk that results either from gas giant formation or gas dissipation and a significant ice reservoir at large radii. The amount of water present near the snow line is sufficient to potentially catalyze the (further) formation of planetesimals and planets at distances beyond a few AU.


Debugging and optimization of extruder performances are often complicated by the lack of transient process data. Most production extruders have excellent process controllers, but they generally lack data acquisition systems. Because of these equipment limitations, all transient, unsteady-state data for a process are unavailable for analysis. Highlighted in this article are four case studies where transient data were collected and used (1) for the diagnosis and elimination of extrusion instabilities; (2) to show differences between competing resin processability; and (3) in extrusion research. In all cases, a portable data acquisition system was temporarily connected to the extruder control panel and was used to collect transient process data. For extruder instability problems, the data collected were used to help diagnose and eliminate the problems quickly, bringing the extrusion lines up to standard production in the shortest possible time, minimizing costly recycle, and maximizing the profits for the processors. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Tiny and untethered robots can navigate into narrow blood arteries and in vivo tissues. Such a revolutionary device brings the possibility of delivering drugs to a specific target and medical diagnosis of diseases that may not be feasible with conventional treatment and diagnosis. Current medical micro-robot technology uses externally-generated magnetic fields. The actuation technology, although external to the micro-robot, is expensive and bulky. There is also always a risk of damaging human tissues with this technique. A promising recent technology uses acoustic waves as a power source for a micro swimming robot. An acoustic power source is extremely small compared to a magnetic field power source and there is a very little risk of any damage to the tissues during the micro-robot actuation. This thesis presents dynamic modeling and state estimation of a novel underwater swimming micro-robot that is powered through oscillations of gas bubbles trapped inside the micro-robot.
The rectangular shaped, which is made of photoresist, has the dimensions of 950 μm × 460 µm × 340 μm. The motion is produced by the oscillations of gaseous bubbles trapped in the micro-tubes. Primarily acoustic waves induce oscillations at a certain frequency and thus are used as a propulsion mechanism to realize 3 degree-of-freedom swimming motion. Ultrasound imaging is proposed to sense the swimming motion of the micro-robot.
The main focus of the thesis is on the development of an estimator that detects swimming motion of the micro-robot from ultrasound imaging data. A new class of nonlinear state estimation method, called state-dependent coefficient (SDC) estimator, is implemented to improve the accuracy of micro-robot state estimation. The estimator is also used to predict rotation of the robot, which cannot be measured by ultrasound imaging due to the robot's extremely small size. Experiments and simulations were carried out to verify the accuracy of the estimator and the performance of the estimator coupled with a closed-loop controller.
A dynamic model that captures the acoustic actuation was also developed. The model is used in the SDC estimator and was also used to develop a nonlinear control law that tracks a desired swimming motion. The model includes a switching mechanism that was designed to produce bidirectional swimming motion (e.g., left turn and right turn). Each channel that holds the gas bubbles can produce only unidirectional movement. The mechanism switches between counteracting tubes to produce bidirectional movement. The input switch mechanism was demonstrated in a simulation study of the micro-swimmer.


Based on epothilones as powerful natural product leads several promising new anticancer agents have emerged through concerted efforts in chemistry and biology.


A fixed-base simulation was performed to identify and quantify interactions between the pilot's hand/arm neuromuscular subsystem and such features of modern fighter aircraft roll-rate command control system mechanizations as force-sensing side-stick-type manipulator, vehicle effective roll time constant, and flight control system effective time delay. The results provide insight to high-frequency pilot/vehicle oscillation (roll ratchet), low-frequency pilot-induced oscillation, and roll-to-right control input problems previously observed in experimental and production fly-by-wire control systems. The simulation configurations encompass and/or duplicate several actual flight situations, reproduce control problems observed, and show that the highfrequency nuisance mode known as ''roll ratchet" can derive primarily from the pilot's neuromuscular subsystem. The simulations show that force-sensing side-stick manipulator force/displacement/command gradients, command prefilters, and flight control system time delays need to be carefully adjusted to minimize neuromuscular mode amplitude peaking (roll-ratchet tendency) without restricting roll control bandwidth (with resulting sluggish or low-frequency pilot-induced oscillation prone control). The results further demonstrate that roll-ratchet tendency, difficult to detect in fixed-base simulations, is readily apparent from application of frequency-response spectral analysis techniques.


The invention relates to a perfume composition made from a concentrated fraction and a solvent, said perfume composition comprising from 10 to 100% natural ingredients, 0 to 90% synthetic ingredients, allergens Reportable Directive 2003/15 each being in an amount less than 0.001% by weight of said composition. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a fragrance composition comprising a selection of natural ingredients (s) and / or synthetic (s) or selection of a combination of such ingredients. The selection is based on a method type II or ELECTRA ELECTRA ORESTES.


Objective To understand the actuality of nursing specialty students' learning of basic courses.Methods We conducted the survey with literature retrieval method,questionnaire,and teacher interview.Results Most of the students had a clear understanding of learning objectives,but their learning methods needed to be improved.Teachers played an important role in learning process.The curriculum should be set up more properly to suit the training objectives of nursing specialty.Teaching should be evaluated with both closed-book and open-book examinations.Conclusion The results of this study may provide guidance for teaching of nursing specialty.


Poly (4-hydroxylstyrene) (PHS) was functionalized by photoactive 2-diazo-1-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonyl chloride (2,1,4-DNQ-Cl) to form a new type of photoactive compound, PHS-DNQ. A single-component positive-tone photoresist can be formed by the compound and showed good film formability and good solubility in common solvents for photoresists. The photolithographic performance of the single-component non-chemically amplified positive-tone i-line photoresist was investigated in detail and half-pitch (hp) 50 nm line and space (L/S) patterns can be obtained with i-line photolithography based on the surface plasmons (SPs) under exposure doses of 40-50 mJ·cm-2.


An intriguing question arises at once: has the Tudor poet described an actual astronomical configuration, and if so, does this shed any light on the date of composition of the poem? The answer to this question carries potentially significant information for Skeltonian scholarship, since the Garland of Laurel presents a peculiar problem in the poet's literary development. Published in 1523 and dedicated to his former antagonist, Cardinal Wolsey, the allegorical dream form of the poem shows a close literary kinship to Skelton's Bouge of Court, which was written before 1500.2 It stands in marked contrast to his political satires Speak, Parrot (1521) and Colin Clout (1522), and his vicious attack on Wolsey in Why Come Ye Not to Court (1522).3 If, as most recent critics conclude, the Garland of Laurel was written just prior to its 1523 publication,4 then its style poses an anomaly in the Skel-


Domain wall motions in ferroelectrics participate to the material's complex permittiv-ity and are responsible for their sensitivity of the dielectric properties to the driving electric field and thus to the incident power at microwave frequencies. In the present study, the dependence of the permittivity, the dielectric losses and the tunability of Ba 2/3 Sr 1/3 TiO 3 (BST) thin films on the incident power and on the bias fields is examined at a frequency of 500 MHz. While, the domain wall motion participates only slightly to the permittivity (< 5 %), it strongly influences the losses due to its very dissipative behavior. As a consequence, the Figure of Merit (FoM , ratio between tunability and dielectric losses) of the material depends on the applied microwave power. In the present study, a decrease of the FoM from 29 to 21 is observed for an incident power varying from −20 dBm to 5 dBm. When characterizing ferroelectric materials, the incident power has to be considered; moreover, domain wall motion effects should be limited in order to achieve a high FoM and less power sensitivity.


This paper first expounds the meaning and theoretical basis of risk estimation and the possible deviation therein; then educes the process of risk estimation; and finally, based on the analysis on the risk factors of investment in real estate projects, establishes the multi-hierarchy evaluation indicator system and provides the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model.


Pancreatic cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths. Metastasis and drug resistance are the major causes of mortality in patients with pancreatic cancer. There are several genes which are responsible for causing pancreatic cancer; they have the ability to enhance the tumor growth. The 96 protein coding genes which are targets for cancer-causing mutations in pancreatic cancers are considered. Some of the effective proteins were identified and the structures are determined using homology modeling. In this study we performed the homology modeling studies of the Activin receptor type 1 B(ACVR1B) and Transmembrane protease serine 4(TMPRSS4) proteins which are protein coding genes and validated the nature of the receptor as a future drug target for pancreatic cancer treatment and diagnosis. We have also identified specific ligands for the above mentioned protein by using the effective structure based ligand screening approach. Protein ligand complexes have been analyzed by docking studies using Autodock vina and interactions have also been visualized. Finally, the best drugs i.e. the ligands or small molecules are validated for ADMET and Physiochemical properties.


The large-scale tests of aircraft, missiles, and components necessitate the recording of many parameters. These parameters are usually converted by transducers or pick-up devices to voltages proportional to the magnitude of the physical quantity being measured. The many resulting voltages may be recorded for later analysis, used immediately for performance calculations and for control, or they may be both recorded and used immediately. If the data is recorded, it is ideally done on a multi-channel recorder. The quantity of data taken on large-scale tests and the complexity of performance calculations make it desirable to obtain the data in a form suitable for digital computation. Since the final form of the data is frequently digital in nature whether it is recorded for future use or is used immediately for computation, a multi-channel high-speed analog-to-digital converter would greatly simplify the preparation of analog data for digital computation and tabulation. A high-speed multi-channel analog-to-digital converter and a complete data system of which it is a part will be discussed in this paper.


A photocatalytic [3+2] cycloaddition of aziridines with activated alkynes is reported under visible light irradiation in the presence of ruthenium catalyst. This chemical transformation provides polysubstituted pyrrolidines in good yields based on the click chemistry philosophy. The reaction successfully represents a primary trial of cyclocarboamination through photocascade catalysis merging energy transfer and redox neutral reactions.


Low frequencies are vital for full-waveform inversion (FWI) to retrieve long-scale features and reliable subsurface properties from seismic data. Unfortunately, low frequencies are missing because of limitations in seismic acquisition steps. Furthermore, there is no explicit expression for transforming high frequencies into low frequencies. Therefore, low-frequency reconstruction (LFR) is imperative. Recently developed deep-learning (DL)-based LFR methods are based on either 1D or 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which cannot take full advantage of the information contained in 3D prestack seismic data. Therefore, we present a DL-based LFR approach in which high frequencies are transformed into low frequencies by training an approximately symmetric encoding-decoding-type bridge-shaped 3D CNN. Our motivation is that the 3D CNN can naturally exploit more information that can be effectively used to improve the LFR result. We designed a Hanning-based window for suppressing the Gibbs effect associated with the hard splitting of the low- and high-frequency data. We report the significance of the convolutional kernel size on the training stage convergence rate and the performance of CNN's generalization ability. CNN with reasonably large kernel sizes has a large receptive field and is beneficial to long-wavelength LFR. Experiments indicate that our approach can accurately reconstruct low frequencies from bandlimited high frequencies. The results of 3D CNN are distinctly superior to those of 2D CNN in terms of precision and highly relevant low-frequency energy. FWI on synthetic data indicates that the DL-predicted low frequencies nearly resemble those of actual low frequencies, and the DL-predicted low frequencies are accurate enough to mitigate the FWI's cycle-skipping problems. Codes and data of this work are shared via a public repository.


BACKGROUND: malignant cutaneous melanoma originates in melanocytes, the pigmentproducing cells of the skin and eye. This entity is relatively rare compared to other skin cancers (< 5%), but still it is responsible for 80% of all skin cancer-related deaths. AIMS: to identify molecular signatures of melanoma progression and to understand if dysplastic nevi can be or not considered as an intermediate step within such progression. METHODS: excisional biopsies from 18 common melanocytic nevi (CMN), 8 primary radial growth phase melanomas (RGPM), 15 primary vertical growth phase melanomas (VGPM), 5 melanoma metastases (MTS) and 11 dysplastic nevi (DN) were collected and global gene expression profiling of the tissues was performed using whole genome oligomicroarrays. Differentially expressed genes for each progression step (CMN vs RGPM, RGPM vs VGPM and VGPM vs MTS) were identified, and validation of selected transcripts by qRT-PCR was performed on an independent cohort of fixed samples. RESULTS and CONCLUSION: the comparison between CMN and RGPM shows an enrichment of Gene Ontology (GO) categories associated with inter and intra-cellular junctions, whereas the transition from RGPM to VGPM is characterized by the deregulation of WNT3, MAPK and AKT pathways. In this step, enrichment analysis underlies the alteration of biological processes linked to apoptosis. Upregulation of genes involved into DNA double-strand breaks repair and downregulation of genes principally related to cellular adhesion are observed in MTS. As far as DN, some genes controlling proliferation were found more expressed than in CMN. Overall, DN display an heterogeneous behaviour in respect to both RGPM and VGPM. In fact, relevant oncogenes, such as MYC and BCL6, were less expressed than in RGPM, while, a similar modulation pattern of VGPM was detected for a subset of gene families, such as mismatch repair. This suggests that DN is not an intermediate step within melanoma progression, but a separate entity with an independent risk of progression to melanoma.


America's appetite for timber will continue to grow, and consumption will exceed domestic harvest over the next 50 years. Imports will supply the bulk of softwood consumption growth in the next 15 years. After 2015, both domestic softwood harvest and imports will expand. Private softwood inventories will rise in all regions and will be higher by 2050 than current levels. Softwood sawtimber stumpage prices will trend upward in all regions, while pulpwood prices will rise only in the final two decades of the projection. Southern hardwood inventories will fall after 2010 with rising stumpage prices. Northern hardwood harvest and inventories will grow, yielding stable pulpwood prices but modestly rising sawtimber prices.


Nanostructured films obtained by the assembling of preformed atomic clusters are of strategic importance for a wide variety of applications. The deposition of clusters produced in the gas phase onto a substrate offers the possibility to control and engineer the structural and functional properties of the cluster-assembled films. To date the microscopic mechanisms underlying the growth and structuring of cluster-assembled films are poorly understood, and in particular the transition from the sub-monolayer to the thin film regime is experimentally unexplored. Here we report the systematic characterization by Atomic Force Microscopy of the evolution of the structural properties of cluster-assembled films deposited by Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition. As a paradigm of nanostructured systems, we have focused our attention on cluster-assembled zirconia films, investigating the influence of the building blocks dimensions on the growth mechanisms and on the roughening of the thin films, following the growth process from the early stages of the sub-monolayer to the thin film regime. Our results demonstrate that the growth dynamics in the sub-monolayer regime determines different morphological properties of the cluster-assembled thin film. The evolution of roughness with the number of deposited clusters reproduces exactly the growth exponent of the ballistic deposition in the 2+1 model, from the sub-monolayer to the thin film regime.


An analytical method for the elasto/visco-plastic dynamic problems of general moderately thick shells of revolution is developed in consideration of the effect of shear deformation and rotatory inertia. The equations of motion and the relations between the resulting stresses and displacements are derived by extending the Naghdi theory in elastic shells with given consideration to the effect of shear deformation and rotatory inertia. For the constitutive relations, the elasto/visco-plastic equations by Fyfe based on the model developed by Perzyna are employed. The numerical method selected for this problem is a method using finite difference in both space and time. As a numerical example a cylindrical shell under a semisinusoidal internal pressure with respect to time is analyzed, and the results are compared with those from the theory which neglects the effect of rotatory inertia.


CMOS logic technologies have been the main technology driver for the semiconductor industry for more than the past 15 years, driving Moore's Law for technological advances. Additionally, the rapid scaling witnessed over this time period has led to a wide range of advances in industrial and consumer products, fueling the economic engine of the semiconductor industry. Basic investments in academic research, fabrication technology, and end products have flourished during this time period, centered on logic technologies. Over this same time period, however, memory technologies, while following Moore's Law scaling, have typically trailed the lead of logic technologies and have not driven the same investment spiral, nor realized the economic gains, as its logic counterpart.


Multiple binary outcomes are encountered frequently in epidemiologic research. This work was motivated by the Maternal Lifestyle Study, 1993-1995, where newborns exposed prenatally to cocaine and a comparison cohort were examined for the presence of central and autonomic nervous system (CNS/ANS) signs. Thus, each infant contributed to multiple, possibly interrelated, binary outcomes that may collectively constitute one syndrome (even though specific outcomes that are affected by cocaine are of scientific interest). Because it is neither scientifically appropriate nor statistically efficient to fit separate models for each outcome, here we adopt a multivariate repeated measures approach to simultaneously model all the CNS/ANS outcomes as a function of cocaine exposure and other covariates. This formulation has a number of advantages. First, it implicitly recognizes that all the CNS/ANS outcomes may together constitute one syndrome. Second, simultaneous modeling boosts statistical efficiency by allowing for correlations among the outcomes, and it avoids multiple comparisons. Third, it allows for outcome-specific exposure effects, so that the specific signs that are affected by cocaine exposure can be identified.


Feeling oneself inferior is psychological experience that self-evaluation is too low.The cause of inferiority complex is very complex.It is discussed from internal and external factors.Overcoming the inferiority complex should take a correct attittude towards the inferiority complex.Comprehensivly know and correctly evaluate oneself;remove external stimulating factors which causes the inferiority complex;positively have self-suggestion and pyychological compensation;set up self-confidence and train strong quality;hold psychological counsel,strengthen education and raise students' self-adaption ability.


As has been indicated in Part VIII of this series [Dickens and Greville, 1933, 1], the oxidation of protein by animal tissues may lead to different values of the respiratory quotient according to the nature of the nitrogenous end-products. The calculation of the theoretical values of R.Q. from protein oxidation is difficult, but arbitrary values showing the order of R.Q. to be expected may be derived using Loewy's [1911] figures for the analysis of meat protein and assuming the complete elimination of the protein-nitrogen as ammonia, urea or uric acid. When this is done the values obtained are approximately 0 94, 0-8 and 0 7 respectively. If, then, protein oxidation becomes an appreciable part of the total aerobic metabolism, the R.Q. may be greatly altered in a direction determined by the nature of the nitrogenous end-product, so that for the interpretation of the R.Q. it is important to establish the extent and nature of the protein oxidation and to assess its influence on the respiratory measurements. Whilst numerous estimations of ammonia formation in isolated animal tissues have appeared, relatively few of them apply to the conditions of our experiments, and in still less has any correlation with the respiratory exchange been attempted. In the present paper we record estimations of NH3 formation under the conditions previously employed for the classification of tissues according to their level of R.Q. in glucose-containing media [Dickens and 8imer, 1930, 2; 1931, 2]. The effect of sugar deprivation on the metabolism has already been described [Dickens and Greville, 1933, 1, 2] and we therefore include measurements of NH3 formation in glucose-free media. As an example of the effect of other sugars we have extended the measurements to the behaviour of tissues in fructose. In all these cases simultaneous measurements of respiratory and glycolytic exchange have been carried out on the same portions of tissue as those used for the ammonia measurements. In addition, in a few selected cases the urea formation has been simultaneously estimated.


This subject studies on the countermeasure on Country-of-Origin rules of Korean small and medium-sized enterprises. Korea is positioning itself as a...


In contrast to the liberal ontological conceptions of nature as external from human society, critical Marxist scholars conceive of nature as an ontological reality produced through historically specific social relations for capitalist accumulation (Smith 1990, 2006, 17–21). Radical developmentalists articulate colonial modernization projects as imperial missions of civilization/native improvement and postcolonial development projects as state-led destruction legitimized by the ideology of national development (Guha 1989; Escobar 1995). That the coercive aspects of state power underlie precisely the institutions of liberal democracy lend a sardonic twist to ensuing human impoverishment. Civilization, according to eco-anarchist David Watson, is an imperial agenda for the concentration of power and all-round domination of society through massive techno-projects, which is "internalized to an unprecedented degree through mass-media and the system of consumption" (Watson 1998; Clark 2012, 515). Here, Luxemburg's ([1913] 1963) theorization of imperialism as a primary mode of accumulation and the global spread of capitalism in noncapitalist sectors—imposed by the repressive state—is of fundamental importance. Alienation of producers from the means of production for preservation and for expropriation, ostensibly undertaken to the end of development, is brutal, regardless of the provision of any "equivalent livelihood alternatives or adequate compensation for evictees" (Neumann 2001, 308), or institutional failures to compensate for the dispossession. When traditional practices are criminalized by the imposition of new conservation regulations, or modernized agriculture, or "scientific resource management," they change rural people's ways of interacting with each other and their environment (Neumann 1998; Jacoby 2003). Therefore, the century-long debate on primitive accumulation, though not new, is radical and


We describe an explainable AI saliency map method for use with deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) that is much more efficient than popular fine-resolution gradient methods. It is also quantitatively similar or better in accuracy. Our technique works by measuring information at the end of each network scale which is then combined into a single saliency map. We describe how saliency measures can be made more efficient by exploiting Saliency Map Order Equivalence. We visualize individual scale/layer contributions by using a Layer Ordered Visualization of Information. This provides an interesting comparison of scale information contributions within the network not provided by other saliency map methods. Using our method instead of Guided Backprop, coarse-resolution class activation methods such as Grad-CAM and Grad-CAM++ seem to yield demonstrably superior results without sacrificing speed. This will make fine-resolution saliency methods feasible on resource limited platforms such as robots, cell phones, low-cost industrial devices, astronomy and satellite imagery.


Objectives: This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) in reducing dentin hypersensitivity individually or combined with fluoride. Materials and methods: Forty hypersensitive teeth from 10 patients with hypersensitive symptoms were treated using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp) gel at different concentrations/ sodium fluoride (NaF) containing according to four treatment groups: Group 1; 15% nHAp + 1% NaF, Group 2; 15% nHAp, Group 3;25% nHAp+ 1% NaF, Group 4; 25% nHAp. The initial sensitivity levels were recorded using a verbal rating scale (VRS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) at the baseline visit. The responses were evaluated at 0, 1 day, 1, 2 and 4 weeks respectively for all groups. Results: There was a high statistical significant differences between pain scores before and after treatment for all treated groups. There was statistically significantly high difference between 25% nHAp and the other groups, as they need 4 applications for complete relief while 25% nHAp needs only 3 applications. Conclusion: Nano-hydroxyapatite with 25% concentration was the most effective in alleviating the hypersensitivity symptoms.


The compressed video presents the striking VBR characteristic. The rate smoothing should be considered during the streaming transmission of this video. The video maybe goes through some subnets that have different network characteristic from the video server to client, and new challenges add to the smooth methods. Discussed in this paper is the problem about the streaming and smoothing transmission of the stored video along heterogeneity network path. Based on the buffer provided by the node between heterogeneity networks, a smooth model and a smooth algorithm are proposed, and it is proved that the result of the algorithm is optimal. Finally an application example is given and the efficiency of the results is evaluated.


The objective of this paper is to discuss the changes in the public management models and the implications for educational management.  We assumed that the standard of management of public institutions changes as the restructuring of capitalism and its constant crises. The study makes reference to three management models, namely: bureaucratic management, democratic management and the business management. Concludesthat in public administration there is a predominance of model management business management and bureaucratic management, which has not yet been surpass. However, contradictorily, the democratic management is present in the educational legislation,  due to the struggle of workers in this area, but unfolds very thin and embryonic form in the public schools.


lIn imperial China, necrologies are mainly inscribed on two kinds of tombstone: bei ~ (stele) and muzhi ~~,t(epitaphic stone). A stele is different from an epitaphic stone in that the former is erected above ground, while the latter is an epitaphed grave marker interred in the tomb. In Chinese academe, muzhi is also used to refer to the inscription on an epigraphic stone, formally known as muzhi ming ~E~, which is translated as "epitaph." Occasionally, when "epitaph" is used to refer to a mortuary inscription on a bei (stele), the meaning should be self-evident from the context. On the definition of muzhi see Zhao Chao: 2-3. Ed. 2Acknowledgments and a note on the translation. This project began while I was studying with Hua Rende in Suzhou during 1995-96. The original article was first published as "Lun Dongjin muzhi jianji Lanting lunbian" MB*lf~~,t~:&.JitJ;r~~J¥ in Gugong xueshujikan i!i)(g~lrIq~fU(13.1. 1995: 27-62) in Taiwan. With permission from the author, some adjustments and additions were made during the translation in order to fit the reading habits of English readers. Further, for this English translation, Hua Rende provided a new, somewhat simplified version of the Tables. Lastly, I would like to thank Qianshen Bai of Boston University for sharing his knowledge of Chinese ca1ligraphy.~Trans.


Objective To screen two MUC1 antigen mimic epitopes by phage display peptide library technology.Methods Two positive phage clones were obtained by biopanning,then their DNA sequences were determined and amino acid sequences were deducted.By comparing with MUC1 core sequence,two MUC1 mimic epitopes were pick out.The two mimic epitopes were tested by competitive inhibition test and prediction test.Results The two MUC1 mimic epitopes were contained MHCⅠbinding sites,and could specifically combine MUC1 monoclonal antibody as well as inhibit the binding between MUC1 antigen and its monoclonal antibody.Conclusion The two MUC1 mimic epitopes obtained from phage displayed twelve peptide libraries can be used as suitable guide peptide for the development of tumor vaccines targeting MUC1.


Improvement in end-of-life care has become a demand of the public and a priority for health care professionals. Medical textbooks could support this improvement by functioning as educational resources and as reference material. In this paper, four widely used general medical textbooks are assessed for their coverage of nine content domains for 12 illnesses that often cause death; each domain in each disease and in each text was graded for presence and helpfulness of advice. Helpful information was rare, and only prognostication and medical treatments to alter the course of the disease were usually mentioned. Harrison's Textbook of Medicine, The Merck Manual, and Scientific American Medicine often mentioned at least a few of the domains in each disease, although not often in a way that would guide a clinician. Manual of Medical Therapeutics (The Washington Manual) includes little information about end-of-life care. Improvement seems possible. Short additions of information on end-of-life care would probably be effective. Many chapters discussed at length certain topics that are clearly optional; other textbooks addressed these topics only briefly. When dealing with end-of-life care, physicians should seek guidance from other sources and textbook authors and editors should improve the utility and completeness of their texts. Until the past 50 years, death usually closely followed an infection or accident; now, most people die slowly of failing organs or cancer. Living with an eventually fatal illness routinely encompasses years. Health care is just beginning to change so that dying people can expect to live comfortably and meaningfully. The anxiety of persons in the United States about end-of-life care has been fueled by newspaper stories of care gone wrong, debates over physician-assisted suicide (1, 2), personal experience, and research reporting the experience of defined populations (3-6). In response, several steps have been taken. The Institute of Medicine convened an expert committee that collected data and issued recommendations about end-of-life care (7), the American Medical Association aims to educate every front-line physician about caring for the dying (8), former first lady Rosalynn Carter chairs a consumer-professional coalition called Last Acts (9), and the Project on Death in America has funded projects and faculty scholars (10). Evaluations of medical education in end-of-life care show remarkably serious shortcomings. Von Roenn and colleagues (11) noted that 52% of practicing oncologists reported having few skills in managing pain. The American Board of Internal Medicine (12) found that most directors of internal medicine residency programs reported inadequate personal skills in end-of-life care and that few programs focused on excellence in this area. In response, the public advocacy organization Choice in Dying anchors a medical school consortium to develop curricular objectives and models. The Veterans Affairs health care system has a faculty development initiative and pays each regional integrated service delivery network a bonus on the basis of performance measures for advance care planning and pain control. A review of instruction in palliative care showed many initiatives but also pervasive shortcomings (13). Medical students study textbooks, and practitioners rely on textbooks for guidance. Textbooks not only provide concrete information but also shape practitioners' concepts of how knowledge is best organized. Information that medical textbooks emphasize or ignore helps to define competent clinical practice. End-of-life care might improve if medical students had reliable textbooks and if practitioners could rely on those textbooks for guidance with unfamiliar clinical situations in advanced disease. We evaluated how well some widely used general medical textbooks addressed clinical management of patients who were in advanced stages of fatal illnesses. Methods Texts chosen for inclusion were four widely used books: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th edition (14); The Merck Manual, 16th edition (15); Scientific American Medicine on CD-ROM, 1994 edition (16); and Manual of Medical Therapeutics, 28th edition (The Washington Manual) (17). We examined 12 of the leading causes of death in the United States: AIDS, dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, cancer (breast, lung, pancreatic, and colon), cirrhosis, diabetes, and stroke. These causes of death were selected because they were present in tables of contents and because they occur frequently in the population or because their role in causing death captures public attention. The four types of cancers were considered different diseases except in The Washington Manual, which presented all types together. For each disease, we assessed nine content domains that were developed through a review of the literature and pilot trials to assure reliable coding: epidemiology, prognostic factors, disease progression, medical interventions that change disease course, advance care planning, mode of death, decision making, effect of death and dying on the patient's family, and symptom management. For each textbook and each disease, two reviewers marked any text mentioning or related to death, dying, the fatal nature of the illness, or the course of the illness near death. A third reviewer combined the findings of the other two reviewers. Because we included any text with even remote applicability, discord between reviewers was mostly resolved by inclusion. The same reviewers then independently coded each piece of text into the appropriate domains. They also judged each piece of highlighted text to determine whether it would help a physician caring for a patient dying of this disease; each domain for each disease in each text received a ranking of 0 for no mention, + for mentioned but not helpful, or ++ for having helpful information. The threshold for each designation was low. Text that stated the population mortality rate for a disease, for example, would receive a rating of +, but text that contained any statement about clinical signs that helped to anticipate death would receive a rating of ++. In a similar manner, text that stated supportive care is appropriate would receive a rating of +, but text that contained any statement about how to provide supportive care would receive a rating of ++. Less than 10% of the rankings showed discrepancies; a third reviewer resolved these, again usually in favor of the higher ranking. As a rough summary characterization, we scored each textbook as a percentage of its possible total by assigning a score of 1 for each rating of + and 2 for each rating of ++ and dividing the book's actual sum by its total possible score. For added perspective, we reviewed William Osler's Principles and Practice of Medicine, 3rd edition (published in 1899) (18), and Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 2nd edition (a reference for laypersons published in 1996) (19), for mention of the targeted diseases and of dying in general. Findings are reported qualitatively because these two books were organized differently from the four modern textbooks. We also reviewed the four medical textbooks for examples of issues that were related to the targeted diseases but did not relate to dying; some of these issues were discussed in depth. To give the editors of each textbook an opportunity to review our methods and findings, we sent each of them a copy of their textbook's markup and a draft of our manuscript. The funding source for this study had no role in gathering, analyzing, or interpreting the data or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. Results Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, The Merck Manual, and Scientific American Medicine characterized medical interventions and prognostic factors but did not often mention decision making or the effect of death and dying on the patient's family. Scientific American Medicine included a chapter on death and dying that discussed the effect of these events on the patient's family and decision making, but the chapters on specific diseases never reference this more general chapter; thus, we did not include it in the scoring for each disease. The Washington Manual offered almost no helpful information. Results for each textbook are given in the Table. Table. Textbook Coverage of End-of-Life Care The following examples illustrate text that was given one or more ++ scores as being useful in patient management: Eventually, many demented patients require full-time nursing care in a residential home or hospital. Relatives should be encouraged to plan for this and should be counseled not to regard this outcome as a personal failure (14). Chronic dialysis patients depend on regular treatments for life. Medical, social, and emotional complications make the patient and family constantly vulnerable to crises. How they and the treatment team cope affects not only adjustment but also patient survival. Psychosocial problems generally are reduced by dialysis programs that encourage patient independence and maximal resumption of former life interests (15). Dementia, AIDS, lung cancer, and breast cancer received the most comprehensive coverage of issues related to dying. However, the best coverage, which was of AIDS in Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, was scored as presenting useful information in only five of the nine domains. The total possible score was 216 for Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, The Merck Manual, and Scientific American; the total possible score for The Washington Manual was 144 because all four types of cancer were addressed together. Scores were 83 (38%) for Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 77 (36%) for The Merck Manual, 91 (42%) for Scientific American Medicine, and 16 out of 144 (11%) for The Washington Manual. As of 1 November 1998, two of the editors of the four medical textbooks h


The PLA' epitope on platelet GPllla has a sulfhydryl-dependent conformation and is dependent on a l e ~ c i n e ~ / p r o l i n e ~ ~ polymorphism. Monoclonal antibody LK-4 differentiates PLA'/PLA' from PLAz/PLAz platelet lysates on solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as immunoblot. To determine whether LK-4 reacts at or near the binding site(s) for human anti-PLA', nine such antibodies (Abs) (six neonatal; three posttransfusion) were examined in the presence and absence of LK-4 for binding to platelets, as well as rGPllla 1-66, a recombinant glutathione S-transferase fusion peptide. All nine human Abs bound to rGPllla 1-66, as well as platelets, in a saturation-dependent manner, employing both solid phase ELISA, as well as flow cytometry. Binding of all nine Abs to rGPllla 1-66 or platelets was inhibited by LK-4. ICWk for inhibition of binding of anti-PLA' t o rGPllla 1-66 varied from 8 t o 160 pgfmL (5 x IO-' 1 x mol/L). However, IC&.,% for LK-4 inhibition of binding to platelets was strikingly different. Six of the nine Abs had ICs<s of I t o 10 pg/mL (8-fold t o 16-fold greater inhibition than with rGPllla 1-66), whereas three neonatal Abs had


Background: Class A scavenger receptor (SR-A) influences the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators and apoptosis in macrophages. Results: Major vault protein (MVP) interacts with SR-A and modulates SR-A-caveolin-p38/JNK-mediated TNF-α production and apoptosis in macrophages. Conclusion: MVP may fine-tune SR-A activity in macrophages contributing to atherogenesis. Significance: Targeting MVP-SR-A complex in macrophages may yield viable solutions for the intervention of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is considered a disease of chronic inflammation largely initiated and perpetuated by macrophage-dependent synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Class A scavenger receptor (SR-A) expressed on macrophages plays a key role in this process. However, how SR-A-mediated pro-inflammatory response is modulated in macrophages remains ill defined. Here through immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, we reported major vault protein (MVP) as a novel binding partner for SR-A. The interaction between SR-A and MVP was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and chemical cross-linking assay. Treatment of macrophages with fucoidan, a SR-A ligand, led to a marked increase in TNF-α production, which was attenuated by MVP depletion. Further analysis revealed that SR-A stimulated TNF-α synthesis in macrophages via the caveolin- instead of clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway linked to p38 and JNK, but not ERK, signaling pathways. Importantly, fucoidan invoked an enrichment of MVP in lipid raft, a caveolin-reliant membrane structure, and enhanced the interaction among SR-A, caveolin, and MVP. Finally, we demonstrated that MVP elimination ameliorated SR-A-mediated apoptosis in macrophages. As such, MVP may fine-tune SR-A activity in macrophages which contributes to the development of atherosclerosis.


Abstract Students' comfort and adaption in university dormitories is important for their learning. By controlling different environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, air velocity, etc.,) this can provide a great satisfaction in students' dormitory. In the present study, investigation was performed in students' dormitories in university in Chongqing, China. A survey was conducted on students' thermal comfort in typical university dormitories during winter in Chongqing, Southwest China. This also included on-site and continuous measurements of indoor physical parameters and filling out questionnaires about thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and adaptive behaviours by the students. Results showed that staying for longer periods in regions with a colder climate in winter, improved students' adaptability to lower temperature, closely correlated to behavioural and psychological processes. Although the thermal conditions varied in the international students' and Chinese students' dormitories, the thermal environmental conditions in the students' dormitories were poorer. The average indoor air temperature was 18.7°C and 18.1°C in the international students' and Chinese students' dormitories, respectively, which fell outside the ASHRAE thermal comfort zone, with higher indoor relative humidity. In addition, Chinese students felt more comfortable and satisfied with indoor air temperature and relative humidity compared to international students, evidently showing a higher adaptability to a severe colder winter climate. The study provides information that can support comfort researchers, designers, and policy makers towards improved design in student's dormitories and sustainable dormitory buildings.


OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE In relation to the problem of child sexual abuse, the author analyzes both legal and clinical, institutional and ethical positions to consider for your approach.


This paper focuses on the research of the mapping between heterogeneous data models. And using ETL framework as references, it designs a bidirectional mapping strategy combining heterogeneous data model data mapping, conversion and loading. It analyzes and defines the mapping relations and mapping rules among the data models. Based on the metadata driven theory method, it designs the data mapping element model, and classifies the mapping relations to simple mapping and compound mapping according to the different complexities, with clearly giving the classification principle. This article also describes the bidirectional mapping relations, and analyzes the problems occurring in the bidirectional mapping.


The traditional techniques for classification of Echinococcus granulosus strains included morphological and biochemical methods. With the rapid development of molecular biological techniques, this technique has been widely used extensively for classification of parasites strains. This article reviewed some new molecular biological tolls for classification and identification of Echinococcus granulosus strains, such as DNA sequencing, AFLP, RAPD and microsatellite DNA methods, also, these methods used for evaluation the genetic vibration of Echinococcus granulosus.


Halftoning is an important process to convert a gray scale image into a binary image with black and white pixels. The Direct Binary Search (DBS) is one of the well-known halftoning methods that can generate high quality binary images for middle tone of original gray scale images. However, binary images generated by the DBS have clippings, that is, have no tone in highlights and shadows of original gray scale images. The first contribution of this paper is to show the reason why the DBS generates binary images with clippings, to clarify the range of tone in original images that may have clipping, and to present a clipping-free DBS-based halftoning algorithm. The key idea is to apply the ordered dither using a threshold array generated by DBS-based method, to highlights and shadows, and then use the DBS. The second contribution is to extend the DBS to generate L-level multitone images with each pixel taking one of the intensity levels 0/L―1, 1/L―1, ..., L―1/L―1 However, clippings appear in highlights, middle tone, and shadows of generated L-level multitone images. The third contribution of this paper is to modify the multitone version of the DBS to generate a clipping-free L-level multitone images. The resulting multitone images are so good that they reproduce the tones and the details of the original gray scale images very well.


Objective To explore the positioning method in radiotherapy of head and neck tumors with the body gamma-knife.Methods One hundred and fifty-three cases of head and neck tumors had their tumor sites fixed with CT scanning,with the positioning frame and accessories developed out of the OUR-QGD gamma-knife body positioning system.Results Three months after radiotherapy with gamma-knife,symptom improvement and medical reexaminations with CT and PET-CT indicated that good therapeutic effects were achieved,with a total effective rate of 88.9%.Conclusion Precise positioning and accurate treatment could be achieved by using the positioning frame and accessories in the treatment of head and neck tumors with body gamma-knife.It could improve considerably the accuracy of head and neck tumor treatment.


There are rapidly increasing in the number of SNS users according to quick supply of smart phones and expansion of wireless internet services, but there is no much researches on hospital promotion using SNS. In this paper, we proposed methods for development of effective hospital promotion by investigating current status of homepages, mobile web contents and SNS operated in 21 dermatology hospitals located at Seoul city and by analyzing contents according to functions as hospital promotion media. In the investigation results, all of three contents such as homepage, mobile web content and SNS are opened in 76.1% of hospitals and external companies occupied the main management body of the three contents at the largest portion(56.2%). There are hospital information, clinic, reservation in all hospitals' homepages and followed by broadcasting(90.5%), medical treatment(85.7%), consultation information(80.9%), member information in 'mypage'(42.9%), staff information(14.3%). In the analysis results, there is need to enlarge departments or staffs taking full charge of in order to manage the three contents professionally and also there is need to prepare and conduct hospital promotion methods using prevalent SNS.


Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is one of the most common endocrine disorders, however it is a rare disease during pregnancy with notable maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. We investigated 46 articles in PubMed database that seven articles focused on this topic. This review will examine the maternal and neonatal complications and the options for managing and treating this disease during pregnancy.


Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution and level of periodontopathic bacteria with the general characteristics and oral health condition of the elderly. Methods: A total of 335 elderly individuals aged 65 years or older who lived in Ganghwa-gun, Incheon, were included in the study. Oral examination, investigation through a questionnaire, and collection of saliva were carried out. The collected saliva was analyzed for the distribution and levels of bacteria (red and orange complex bacteria) by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SAS statistical software version 9.4. Results: Among the general characteristics, there were significant differences in the distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Parvimonas micra depending on sex, age, and dental visits (p<0.05). The number of remaining teeth and denture use were related to the distribution of periodontopathic bacteria, except T. denticola (p<0.05). Additionally, periodontitis was related to the distribution of P. gingivalis (p<0.05). As the number of remaining teeth increased, the copy number of red and orange complex bacteria also increased (p<0.05). Those individuals who did not use dentures and had periodontal disease had more periodontopathic bacteria (p<0.05). Conclusions: The distribution and copy number of periodontopathic bacteria in the elderly were more related to oral health condition than to general characteristics. In particular, the distribution and copy number of periodontopathic bacteria were higher in subjects with multiple remaining teeth, no dentures, and periodontal disease. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 2020;20(5):743-52 https://doi.org/10.13065/jksdh.20200068 pISSN : 2287-1705 eISSN : 2288-2294 Copyright © 2020 by Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0). *These authors contributed equally to this study and should be considered co-first authors. Original Article 744 ̇ J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 2020;20(5):743-52 이승근 · 정은재 · 김지혜 외 / 일부 농촌지역 노인의 일반 특성 및 구강상태와 치주염유발세균의 관련성 ̇ 745 https://doi.org/10.13065/jksdh.20200068 https://doi.org/10.13065/jksdh.20200068


Sir: Validamycin (VM) inhibited specifically the hyphal extension of Rhizoctonia solani without growth inhibition .1,2) It was also reported that the hyphal extension factor (HE-factor) which stimulates the hyphal extension of R. solani, exists in the hyphae of R. solani.3) The action of VM was antagonized and the extension of VMinhibited hyphae was stimulated by HE-factor.4) In spite of the existence of HE-factor in the normal hyphae, the hyphal extension of R. solani was inhibited by VM. Consequently, the action of VM was assumed to inhibit the action of HEfactor or to inhibit the formation of HE-factor. In order to examine this problem, following experiments were carried out. R. solani was grown in 200-m1 Erlenmeyer flasks containing 50 ml of medium S (glucose 2 %, starch 3 %, corn steep liquor I %, soybean flour l %, peptone 0.5 %, NaC10.3 %, CaCO3 0.5 %) on a rotary shaker at 28°C for 3 days. The resulting seed culture was inoculated into 200-m1 Erlenmeyer flasks containing 50 ml of modified Czapek medium (glucose 3%, peptone 0.2%, NaNO3 0.2%, K2HPO4 0.1 %, KC10.05 %, MgSO4. 7H2O 0.05%, FeSO4.7H2O 0.001%) with or without VM (final concentration, 10,ug/ml) on a rotary shaker at 28°C for 3 days. The resulting cultures (750 ml) were filtered and the wet hyphal cake of 29 g or 30 g was obtained from the VM-added culture or \'M-free culture, respectively. According to the isolation method of HE-factor", both hyphal cakes were extracted with 5 volumes (v/w) of 50% MeOH under reflux for 1 hour. After filtration, the methanol extract of 146 ml or 148 ml was obtained from the VM-added culture or VMfree culture, respectively. After concentration to 50 ml, both extracts were passed through Amberlite IR-120 B columns (H+, 1 x 20 cm) to remove VM and then adsorbed on Amberlite IR-410 columns (OH-, I x 20 cm). After washing with water, both Amberlite IR-410 columns were eluted with 0.2 N NH4C1 and both elutes were concentrated in vacuo to give each HE-factor fraction of 10 ml. The HE-factor fraction of VM-free or VM-added culture is, hereafter, refered to as HE-factor fraction F or V, respectively. The activities of resultant HE-factor fractions F and V were examined by dendroid test method.'," An agar disk (inoculum) of R. solani, which had previously been dipped in a 10 jig/ml solution of VM, was inoculated on a water agar plate containing each HE-factor fraction. Comparing the growth of VM-untreated (normal) or VMtreated (control) inoculum as shown in Table 1, the HE-factor fraction F was found to antagonize the VM inhibition at the 10or 20-fold dilution after incubation of 2 or 3 days of R. solani and the inhibition reversal was increased in response to the concentration of HE-factor. On the contrary, no reversal of VM inhibition was observed even at the 10-fold dilution of HEfactor fraction V. In order to confirm the absence of contaminating VM in the HE-factor fraction V, the effect of the HE-factor fraction V on the normal hyphae (VM-untreated) was examined. As a result, no inhibition was observed even at the 5-fold dilution of the HE-factor fraction V and hence no contamination of VM was shown in the HE-factor fraction V. No reversal of VM inhibition by the HE-factor fraction V was found not to be due to the action of contaminating VM. Fig. 1 shows the HE-factor activities of HE-


From 2000~2005 and from 2005~2008,China's crude oil imports increased by 81% and 41% respectively and the country's oil product imports grew by 11.76% and 7.29% annually during the two periods.However,the share of the value of China's crude oil and oil product imports in the total value of Chinese commodity imports dropped to 7.65% in 2005 from 8.22% in 2000.Only after 2006,affected by high oil prices,did the share begin to rise.The rise in the share,however,did not have a dramatic impact on the total value of China's commodity imports.During 2000 to 2008,China's GDP witnessed sustained fast growth. In 2007,Chinese GDP grew by as much as 13%.The surge in oil imports did not affect the fast growth of the Chinese economy.Large volumes of crude oil imports raised China's exports of oil products with higher value.During 2000~2005 and 2005~2008,China's oil product exports grew by 24.91% and 28.71% annually respectively.In 2008,China exported roughly twice as much oil products as it did in 2000.


This paper presents a cloud diagnosis architecture to support diagnosis of different machine tool faults with similar abnormal events. Lacking the corresponding features of failure historical data, similar abnormal events are insufficient to be used for identifying the root causes of faults. On the basis of a novel event-oriented process monitoring and backtracking (EOPMB) method and the clustering non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (CNSGA), this paper proposes a cloud diagnosis architecture for identifying failure causes by extracting relevant features of various faults from different machine tools. Results show that the proposed architecture can assist users in improving diagnosis performance.


Non oriented silicon steels are widely used within rotating electrical machines and are assumed to have no anisotropy. There exists a need to detect the anisotropic magnetic properties and to evaluate the local changes in magnetic material properties due to manufacturing cutting processes. In this paper, the so called moving magnet hyteresis comparator is applied to non destructively detect directional variations in coercive force in a variety of local regions of rotor and stator laminations of two materials commonly used to construct induction motors cores. Maximum to minimum coercive force ratios were assessed, varying from 1.4 to 1.7.


Geographic Information System (GIS) can be used in ecotourism as a decision support tool for sustainable tourism planning, impact assessment, visitor flow management, and tourism site selection. Therefore, this system has the potential to be widely applied in tourism. The purpose of the study was to explore the potential for ecotourism development using GIS in Sepidan region, placed in the southwestern part of Iran. An innovative method was proposed for adjusting effective parameters in evaluation of ecotourism. The methods used for evaluation comprised Boolean, current multi-criteria evaluation methods (weighted linear combination), and the proposed methods of geometric mean and its calibration. Results showed that an improved method using geometric mean (kappa= 0.72) was better than Boolean (kappa= 0.56) and multi-criteria evaluation (kappa= 0.59) models. The calibrated geometric mean was also the best among the different models used. It should be noted that the geometric mean method was simpler than multi-criteria evaluation and did not require the weighting process.


Artificial planting of medicinal plants will develop inevitably to meet the market demand for medicinal herbs.More seeds are difficult in germinating in new harvest in the reproduction of medicinal plants,which makes it more adverse for planting.The research briefly reviews the reasons for seed dormancy and measures in seed germination,which will provide reference for increasing planting and the output of medicinal plants.


Surviving in an era of insecurity, N. Doherty careers and the psychological contract - understanding the European context, P.R. Sparrow implications of differences in psychological contracts for human resources management, C. Freese, R. Schalk the psychological contract - a concept in need of closer scrutiny? J. Arnold identification and goal-choice of managerial candidates - organizational and individual perspectives, J. Kaschube et al managers' life goals and their willingness to accept an international assignment, S.D.L. Schruijer, M. Hendriks managing diversity - using an equal opportunities audit to maximize career potential and opportunities in a UK bank, V.J. Sutherland, M.J. Davidson career self-management - can we live without it? R. Stickland how Vauxhall Motors is getting its employees on the road to lifelong learning, G. Parsons, R. Stickland a review of career anchors in use, C. Evans managing and developing a boundaryless career - lessons from dance and drama, C. Jackson book review, K. Mackenzie Davey.


In recent years, the global financial crisis has substantially affected the banking industry worldwide. For a sound and secure operating environment of the banking industry, protecting the interests of stakeholders through corporate governance mechanisms is crucial. Therefore, the topic of operational risk and corporate governance in the banking industry has received increased attention. A corporate governance framework should ensure that a company can disclose major financial, operational, and nonfinancial information promptly and accurately. Consequently, information transparency is a crucial element of corporate governance. This paper discusses the relationship among operational risk, corporate governance, and information transparency, based on annual reports for the Taiwanese banking industry. The research analyzed data from the period 2005 to 2010. This study applied a fixed effect model of panel data model, deriving the following empirical result: The information transparency of bank's annual report can be enhanced by the audit committee, and by applying a higher capital adequacy ratio, a lower ratio of shares held by major shareholders, and a lower ratio of shares held by managers.


This research concerns the use of domain decomposition methods for the integral equation based solution of large, complex electromagnetic problems. In particular, we investigate an effective coarse-graining approach via hierarchical skeletonization to address the computational challenges for multi-scale modeling and simulation. This work exploits the rank deficiency property exhibited in the interaction matrices between subdomains. We first employ the interpolative decomposition technique to select effective basis functions, the so-called skeletons, for individual subdomains. This skeletonization process is rigorous, error controllable, and can be achieved locally per subdomain and in parallel. Subsequently, the interactions between subdomains are computed using selected skeletons, and domain decomposition iterations are performed on the coarse-grained compressed system. Numerical results validate that the coarse-grained system exhibits a much smaller matrix dimension, provides desired confined eigenspectrum, and leads to a dramatic reduction in computational complexity for multi-scale problems of interest.


The results of three studies on the radiometric and geometric properties of optically processed SEASAT SAR imagery are summarized. The accuracy with which the image scale can be predicted based upon a knowledge of the SAR platform and recording system parameters and the processor characteristics was evaluated. The considerations involved in making radiometric measurements from image films, the use of point targets for calibrating the effects of Doppler spectrum shifts on the radiometric calibration of the SAR image data over extended swath lengths was evaluated


This keynote presentation introduces recent UK government policy with regard to alternative dispute resolution. It discusses the historical nature of conflict in construction and highlights the positive roles of both Acas and the Joint Industry Board for the Electrical Contracting Industry in mediation.


John P. McCormick has become the leading proponent of a new democratic—or, now, "populist"—reading of Machiavelli. The authors of all three of the other books reviewed here cite McCormick as a source and inspiration; and he has written positive blurbs for their books. In Machiavellian Democracy (Cambridge University Press, 2011) McCormick argued that Machiavelli's praise of Roman "offices or assemblies that exclude the wealthiest citizens from eligibility; magistrate appointment procedures that combine lottery and election; and political trials in which the entire citizenry acts as ultimate judge over prosecutions and appeals" constitutes "a robust, extra-electoral model of elite accountability and popular empowerment" very different from, and much superior to, the aristocratic "republicanism" attributed to Machiavelli by the "Cambridge school." In Reading Machiavelli: Scandalous Books, Suspect Engagements, and the Virtue of Populist Politics, McCormick extends his previous analysis by offering "original readings of crucial themes within … The Prince, the Discourses, and the Florentine Histories" (1–2). He also expands his critique of competing interpretations of Machiavelli and Rome by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Leo Strauss, John Pocock, and Quentin Skinner.


Now days, the development of information technology has allowed human to do almost everything. Security has to be the main concern to make sure it is always secured and reliable. Network security basically will try to answer two questions,which is who are you and whether you are able to execute certain task. This system was developed to provide user authentication using distributed authentication concept to fulfill the security target by focusing user authentication and service access which is able to be done by user after authentication process was executed (authorization). The methodology used to develop this project is waterfall methodology. Basically, this system is divided into to parts, which is server authentication which is to make sure the user is a valid user and proxy server to provide service access which was specified for each user profile. This system will only allow internet access after authentication process was done. User can access internet from any location within the campus by using only one login name and one password.Moreover, this system makes sure it is always transparent to the user to let user use it easily.


The iC-MH magnetic rotary encoder produced by Germany iC-Haus GmbH is a rapid 12-bit encoder which is suitable to very small space.Integrated with the control board TMS320F2812 and the interface,the encoder is initialized via Biss serial communication protocol and achieves a high speed and high resolution position measuring system which successfully used in the high-speed electric spindle control system.


There are many challenges for a developer when creating an information visualization tool of some data for a client. In particular students, learners and in fact any designer trying to apply the skills of information visualization often find it difficult to understand what, how and when to do various aspects of the ideation. They need to interact with clients, understand their requirements, design some solutions, implement and evaluate them. Thus, they need a process to follow. Taking inspiration from product design, we present the Five design-Sheet approach. The FdS methodology provides a clear set of stages and a simple approach to ideate information visualization design solutions and critically analyze their worth in discussion with the client.


Music education in secondary schools often incorporates an extracurricular dimension with choirs, instrumental ensembles, and school productions given a considerable commitment of time and resources outside of formal school hours. In general, participation in school extracurricular activities has been linked to improved academic performance, greater connectedness with school and the development of certain personal and interpersonal skills. The meanings participants make of their learning in the extracurricular context, however, is not yet fully understood. As participants will act towards their extracurricular learning on the basis of the meaning that the learning holds for them, understanding these meanings is important in itself. Given the difficulty in attributing particular learning to participants' involvement in school extracurricular music activities, their meanings also offer a useful lens through which to view the nature of this learning. This paper will outline current research into participants' meanings of learning in the secondary school extracurriculum including initial data from a Music Head of Department involved in the direction and coordination of extracurricular music activities.


Objective To study the chemical constituents from the decoction of Coptis chinensis Franch..Methods Compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel,sephadex LH-20,polyamide and HPLC column chromatography and their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analyses.Results Twenty-two compounds were isolated and identified as:berberine(1),palmatine(2),coptisine(3),epiberberine(4),jatrorrhizine(5),columbamine(6),groenlandicine(7),magno-florine(8),8-oxocoptisine(9),5-O-feruloyl-D-quinic acid(10),4-O-feruloyl-D-quinic acid(11),3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid(12),ferulic acid(13),vanillic acid-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(14),3-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-(2R)-lactic acid-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(15),3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-(2R)-lactic acid(16),3-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-(2R)-lactic acid(17),3-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-(2R)-lactic acidmethyl ester(18),isolarisiresinol-9-O-β-D-glucopy-ranoside(19),(+)-pinoresinol-4,4′-O-β-D-diglucopyranoside(20),7S,8R,8′R-(+)-larisiresnol-4,4′-O-β-D-diglucopyranoside(21),7S,8R,8′R-(+)-larisiresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(22).Conclusions Compounds 16,18 and 19 are isolated from Coptis genus for the first time.Compounds 15,16,18-22 are isolated from C.Franch.for the first time.


This paper proposes a novel subgraph isomorphism verification algorithm named OES,which tries to find a subgraph isomorphism map by searching edge by edge in order to check whether a query graph is contained in some data graphs,and it can raise the verification efficiency by adjusting the edge order.A grading method for edges in query graph is provided,in which the lower score an edge gets,the higher pruning efficiency it can gain.So that good efficiency can be gained by verifying the edges in the order from higher grades to lower grades.


Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children has become the first hospital in India to achieve the accreditation from the American Accreditation Commission International (AACI). Based on an Organization Wide Survey, the hospital was recommended for full accreditation status by AACI. Besides setting clear objectives, employee empowerment and ownership of processes were key factors for this accomplishment.


Patient safety is a new healthcare discipline that emphasizes the reporting, analysis, and prevention of medical error that often leads to adverse healthcare events. According to research, 60 to 80% of all identified errors could be considered as preventable, making patient safety an area of growing interest both in public as well as among health care professionals. Most experience of medical error has been gained from the secondary care environment, but little is known about the situation in primary care, where the majority of patient contacts with health care providers occurs. Four dimensions of patient safety issues have been identified in primary health care: diagnosis, prescribing, communication between patients and providers of care, and organisational issues. However, prevalence studies show that diagnostic errors predominate in general practice settings: of all adverse incidents reported in the primary care setting, 28% to 78% are related to the problems with diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis of poorly differentiated and potentially serious disease represents one of the core competencies of family physicians. Diagnosis is central to the family physcian's role and diagnostic error has the potential for the most serious consequences for patients, since all management decisions, including referrals and treatment, are based on diagnosis.