2552 Background: MT-6402, an engineered toxin body (ETB) , has been designed to be effective in patients (pts) previously treated with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) by utilizing 3 unique mechanisms of action (MOA): (i) remodeling of the tumor microenvironment by elimination of PD-L1+ immunosuppressive cells like myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), (ii) direct cell kill of PD-L1+ expressing tumor cells, (iii) delivery of HLA-A*02 restricted cytomegalovirus (CMV) peptide pp65 to PD-L1 expressing cells to direct a CMV specific CD8 T-cell response against the tumor. Methods: Dose escalation continues with MT-6402 (QW in 4-week cycles) in pts with relapsed/refractory PD-L1+ solid tumors. After clearing doses of 16, 24, 32, 42 and 63 µg/kg, 83 µg/kg is being evaluated. Safety, tolerability, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic data are reported. Results: MT-6402 at 63 µg/kg in 1 pt with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who progressed after radiation, chemotherapy, and CPI (PD-L1 CPS=2%, not HLA-A*02) resulted in a PR (63% reduction in target lesion) after 2 cycles. This pt had an increase in CD8/CD4 and immune activation cytokines (IL-2, TNFα, IFNγ) consistent with elimination of MDSCs. A pt with NSCLC (osseous disease only) that had progressed after CPI showed resolution of 3/4 osseous metastases and decreased radiotracer uptake by the remaining bone metastasis. This patient had high PD-L1 tumor expression and HLA-A*02/CMV+. Complete CMV-specific T-cell extravasation was noted by C1D8 consistent with haplotype-specific CMV antigen delivery for presentation on the tumor surface by MHC class I. All cohorts had reductions in peripheral PD-L1+ MDSCs, monocytes and dendritic cells after MT-6402 without effect on PD-L1- cells with the most depletion at the highest doses. Most pts displayed CD8+ T-cell expansion and elevations of serum IL-2 and TNFα, consistent with PD-L1-mediated immunotolerance. MT-6402 was well tolerated with 2 dose limiting toxicities reported: Grade (G)2 maculopapular rash at 24 µg/kg, G3 IRR at 63µg/kg. No G ≥ 4 AEs occurred. Infusion-Related Reactions in 3 pts (G1, G2, and G3) and Cytokine Release Syndrome (G1 [2 pts] at both 32 and 42µg/kg and G2 [1 pt] at 16µg/kg) occurred. Conclusions: MT-6402 utilizes three PD-L1-targeted and unique MOAs: direct cell-kill, reduced immunosuppression, and increased immunorecognition. As of Feb 2023, 5 dose cohorts have completed. MT-6402 was well tolerated without CLS or payload-derived toxicity as is observed with traditional immunotoxins and ADCs, respectively. A PR in 1 pt with CPI-refractory NPC (CPS 2%, CMV-) and regression of osseous metastases in a pt with NSCLC (TPS 80%, HLA-A*02/CMV+) following disease progression on CPI occurred. These results show MT-6402 monotherapy activity though unique MOAs and provide rationale for MT-6402 dose expansion. Clinical trial information: NCT04795713 .


The present article aims to demonstrate the role of the Advisory Opinion issued by the International Court of Justice in the Western Sahara's process of decolonization and self-determination, tracing the current situation of the existing conflict in the Western Sahara from its outset to the Opinion's publishing in 1975. The article first examines the historical origins of the Sahrawi people, their connection to the territory, and colonization by Spain up to the emergence of the ideal of decolonization for the African Continent. It also considers the emergence of an Annexationist anxiety on the part of the Kingdom of Morocco and that of Mauritania and the later Madrid Agreement. Finally, when the situation culminated in the need to submit the question to the International Court of Justice, an analysis is provided on the contents of the Advisory Opinion, highlighting the relevant points, which have supported and substantiated the maintaining of the Sahrawi struggle for self-determination since its publication. The analysis approaching the subject is derived from both historiographical literature and internationalist doctrine. A bibliographical and documentary study was performed using the inductive method of approach in order to demonstrate the problem inherent to the Western Sahara's decolonization and self-determination from its outset to the issue of the Advisory Opinion, lending international legal backing and effectively legitimizing the insurgency.


Forests cover almost one third of the Earth's land area and their distribution is changing as a result of human activities. The presence, and removal, of forests affects the climate in many ways, with the net climate impact of deforestation dependent upon the relative strength of these effects (Betts, 2000; Bala et al., 2007; Davin and de Noblet-Ducoudré, 2010). In addition to affecting surface albedo and exchanging carbon dioxide (CO2) and moisture with the atmosphere, vegetation emits biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), altering the formation of short lived climate forcers (SLCF) including aerosol, ozone and methane. In this work, we combine a land-surface model with a chemical transport model, a global aerosol model, and a radiative transfer model to compare several radiative impacts of 2.069 idealised deforestation scenarios in the present day. Here, we calculate that a scenario of complete global deforestation results in a radiative forcing (RF) of 1.37 W m-2 due to changes in well-mixed greenhouse gases, surface albedo, ozone and the direct and indirect effects of aerosol. We estimate that SLCFs contribute a RF of 0.11 W m-2, 8% the net RF due to deforestation, with the positive aerosol direct (0.14 W m-2) and indirect (0.19 W m-2) effects partially offset by the negative RF from changes to ozone (-0.15 W m-2) and methane (-0.08 W m-2). We estimate that the positive RF from SLCFs increases the net warming impact from global deforestation by approximately 0.05 K, suggesting that deforestation has a stronger warming impact on climate than previously thought. References: Bala, G. et al., 2007, PNAS, 104, 6550-6555. Betts, R. A. 2000, Nature, 408, 187-190. Davin, E. L. & De Noblet-Ducoudré, N. 2010, Journal of Climate, 23, 97-112.


As pointed out by Matthews et al. [13] functional restitution after brain damage might be based on brain repair, adaptive reorganisation, and/or compensatory strategies. Function in the more restricted sense would include body functions such as the ability to move the body and its segments, to coordinate a movement, to integrate sensorimotor information, and to plan, conduct, and judge movements. Their recovery would affect activities, i.e. the ability to perform everyday activities such as purposefully handling objects [20]. Repair refers to the biological recovery of the damaged system itself, adaptive reorganisation to the recruitment of new systems that can activate the same final pathways, while compensation involves behavioural changes leading to an altered strategy for the completion of a task. Theoretically, rehabilitation could make use of either mechanism of functional recovery. The promotion of motor system rehabilitation as a scientific medical discipline would have to address a variety of questions: the scientific description of functional deficits in the motor system both behaviourally as well as with regard to changes in brain activity, the observation of naturally occurring brain repair, adaptive reorganisation, and motor compensation,and finally the potential for enhancing motor recovery in terms of either brain repair or adaptive reorganisation by medical interventions such as training therapy, technical stimulation, medication, or surgical procedures including cell or tissue transplants. This special issue of RNN was meant to collate lab reviews from labs that made an important contribution to these scientific questions from either a basic or clinical science perspective. While a complete coverage of all relevant research would have been well beyond the scope of this special issue an attempt was made to collect information from different areas of research that contributed conceptually to the scientific issue of motor system recovery and might guide the reader to influential ideas and scientific "proof of concept".


The number of melanocyte‐ and melanoma‐derived next generation sequence genome‐scale datasets have rapidly expanded over the past several years. This resource guide provides a summary of publicly available sources of melanocyte cell derived whole genome, exome, mRNA and miRNA transcriptome, chromatin accessibility and epigenetic datasets. Also highlighted are bioinformatic resources and tools for visualization and data queries which allow researchers a genome‐scale view of the melanocyte.


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been shown to have excellent emission characteristics, resulting in an application as field emission electron source. The CNT‐based field emitter would demand the use of well‐graphitized, vertically aligned nanotubes film in order to give superior emission performance. The paper reports on the growth of high yield multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) film. MWCNTs are produced by catalytic decomposition of ethylene over Fe catalyst using chemical vapor decomposition (CVD) technique. Besides producing narrow diameter distribution of CNTs, this technique also provides the ease of fabrication and is scalable for production. Excellent alignment of uniform and high‐density MWNTs film with diameter in the range of 9 to 15 nm and average length of 95 μm on the substrate was observed. The structural analyses using SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy have shown that high yield, vertically aligned MWCNTs with no impurities required for fabrication of CNT film emitter can be achieved by an a...


The Knudsen mass-loss effusion technique was used to measure the vapor pressures at different temperatures of the following aminomethoxybenzoic acids: 2-amino-3-methoxybenzoic acid, between (349.12 and 369.18) K; 2-amino-5-methoxybenzoic acid, between (353.13 and 375.17) K; 3-amino-4-methoxybenzoic acid, between (379.67 and 399.18) K; 3-amino-5-methoxybenzoic acid, between (380.16 and 400.18) K; and 4-amino-3-methoxybenzoic acid, between (373.14 and 395.17) K. From the temperature dependences of the vapor pressure of the crystalline compounds, the standard (po = 105 Pa) molar enthalpies and Gibbs energies of sublimation, at T = 298.15 K, were derived. The results allowed the estimation of these two thermodynamic properties for two isomers not studied in this work—2-amino-6-methoxybenzoic acid and 3-amino-2-methoxybenzoic acid. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure the temperature and molar enthalpy of fusion of the studied isomers.


The final report of the Finnish forest cluster research programme Wood Wisdom (WW) has been published and the findings can now be assessed. Leena Paavilainen, who was coordinator of the 3-year programme, is happy with the way it went and also with the results. The knowledge and understanding on which future products can be developed has been widened considerably.


HbbTV (Hybrid broadcast broadband TV) is an emerging force in the entertainment industry, and proper standarisation of technologies would be hugely beneficial for the creation of content. HbbTV aims to realise this vision and has been widely successful thus far. This paper introduces MPAT (Multi Platform Application Toolkit), which is the result of multiple organisational entities effort and dedication to extend the capabilities and functionality of HbbTV, in order to ease the design and creation of interactive TV applications. The paper also showcases the versatility of MPAT, by describing a series of case studies which provide digital storytelling and visual authoring of interactive applications which transcend traditional TV use cases, and instead provide a gripping interactive experience via integration with public displays.


OBJECTIVE To discuss the risk factors of recurrent seizures high fever,puts forward the prevention measures and methods.METHODS 84 children with high fever and seizures were selected in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2010,and the risk factors of these children were analyzed.RESULTS Among 84 cases,no one lost to follow-up,43 patients appeared recurrent,and the recurrence rate was 51.19%.The starting age,family history,attack season,attack body temperature,attack frequency,attack types and attacks between time showed significant difference(P﹤0.05);4 cases showed sequelae.CONCLUSION Age﹤3 years old,high fever convulsions family history,attack season﹤June,body temperature≥39℃,attack frequency≥2 times,complexity attack and attack time≥3 min were the risk factors of recurrence.Prevention measures should be taken to these risk factors to prevent convulsion.


SummaryThe assesment of toxoplasmic immunity is described in the populations of the pediatric clinic, the ophthalmologic clinic and the blood bank of the Baviere Hosp tal, as well as in the prenatal consultation of the Clinic « Reine Astrid » at Charleroi.The examination of the latter group shows the possible relation between the toxoplasmosis and the antecedents concerning ovulation and dystocia.


In this paper a study on the use of bacterial methods for rules and membership function extraction starting from a training data set is presented. At first, bacterial operators have been used in genetic algorithms as an alternative to the classical operation of mutation [1, 2, 3, 4]. Afterwards a novel algorithm, totally based on a bacterial infection for rules and membership function extraction, has been developed by the authors [7]. In this paper, the authors start from a description of the bacterial operators and show the reason for the development of the new bacterial algorithm. The performance of the new algorithm has been evaluated by using a benchmark typically used in the literature.


The flowering pattern of plant species, including orchid species, may fluctuate irregularly. Several explanations are given in the literature to explain that pattern, including: costs associated with reproduction, herbivory effects, intrinsically triggered unpredictable variation of the system, and external conditions (i.e. weather). The influence of age is discussed, but is difficult to determine because relevant long-term field observations are generally absent in the literature. The influence of age, size, reproductive effort and climatic conditions on flowering variability of Himantoglossum hircinum are examined using data collected in a long-term project (1976–2001) in Germany. PCA and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse variability in flowering pattern over the years as a function of size and weather variability. We studied future size after flowering to quantify costs of reproduction. Flowering probability was strongly determined by plant size, while there was no significant influence of age class on flowering probability of the population. Costs associated with reproduction resulted in a decrease in plant size, causing reduced flowering probability of the plants in the following year. The weather explained about 50% of the yearly variation in the proportion of large plants and thus had an indirect, strong influence on the flowering percentage. We conclude that variability in flowering is caused mainly by the variability of weather conditions in the previous and current year, whereby reproductive effort causes further variability in flowering at the individual and, consequently, the population levels. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 151, 511–526.


Food processing of fucuk making from soy milk from conventional method is evaluated as the case study. The cost, time, fuel supply security and environmental issue anticipated within the process had called for a new approach innovation. Electromagnetic induction heating has been distinguished between other technologies for the purpose. The design, test, analysis and field test of the proposed system has been presented in this report. The installed system seems to outfit and satisfy the industry requirements and can be expanded to other food processing field as well. The advantage and limitation are also discussed within the report.


In order to be able to adjust the used wavelength in a laser, there is provided a laser having a laser-active material (100) which is excitable at least two laser wavelengths for the emission of radiation with a gain, wherein the gain at the two laser wavelengths are different, one of two end mirrors (102, 110; 130, 132) having resonator in which the laser-active material (100) is arranged and which is designed for the laser wavelength with the lower gain in terms of its resonance conditions, one of said end mirrors (110, 132) for radiation at the laser wavelengths is partially transmissive, an output mirror (116) is partially transmissive for the laser wavelength and in the beam path of the partially reflecting end mirror (110, 132) downstream of an optical element (112, 120) between the partially transmitting end mirror (110, 132) and the is arranged output mirror (116) with the radiation at the Laserwellenlang s is applied and having an optical property that causes a selection of the wavelength of the output mirror (116) exiting the useful radiation (118).


housed an optical cable for laying in sewers with a cable core and a surrounding the cable core metallic shell (5), wherein the cable core is composed of several building elements (3) having a shell (2), in which a plurality of optical fibers (1) are characterized by the following measures: a DOLLAR A. Each construction element (3) consists of a bundle of a plurality of mutually parallel unstranded or long length of the stranded optical fibers (1). DOLLAR A B. Each bundle is a bundle closely comprehensive sleeve (2) surrounding it. DOLLAR A C. A plurality of such building elements (3) are stranded into the cable core, the cable core is composed exclusively of such bundles.


In former writings on this subject, especially in the "Edinburgh Medical Journal" for January 1872, I have insisted on the purely mechanical nature of this disease; that it is like a dislocation or a hernia; that, if hypertrophy favours its production, it is by the increase of weight it implies; that, if relaxation or laceration of tissues favour its production, it is by removal or diminution of resistance. I have also insisted on the misleading character of the nomenclature generally used, pointing out that the womb is most unfortunately chosen to give a name to the disease, for the bladder or the vagina more frequently occupies the place of ringleader in the mischief than the womb; that the womb indeed, in the great majority of cases, is a chief agent in restraining or diminishing the mischief, trying to keep back the descending parts, and while refusing to descend frankly, suffering tensile elongation, not hypertrophic elongation. These and many other important points in the pathology of this important disease I need not here further enumerate.


This study aims to investigate the feasibility of marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis to control pathogenic bacteria growth in turbot Scophthalmus maximus-culture system,and compare the control efficiency with antibiotics and doubling water exchange.In 1.5 m3 S.maximus-culture water system at 15~18℃ for six weeks,marine sponge H.perlevis exhibited 60.0%~90.2% removal of fecal coliforms,37.6%~81.6% removal of pathogenic vibrio and 45.1%~83.9% removal of total bacteria;the antibiotics(10 mg/L furazolidone+10 mg/L furacilin) exhibited 6.7%~60.8% removal of fecal coliforms,-11.9%~48.4% removal of pathogenic vibrio and-4.8%~52.3% removal of total bacteria;the doubling water exchange exhibited 25.0%~82.7% removal of fecal coliforms,26.8%~82.7% removal of pathogenic vibrio and 15.8%~78.8% removal of total bacteria in six measurement sessions.The results demonstrate that sponge H.perlevis is an effective bioremediator of pathogenic bacteria in turbot S.maximus-culture water system,and the efficiency on removal of pathogenic bacteria by H.perlevis is higher than the antibiotics(10 mg/L furazolidone+10 mg/L furacilin) and the doubling water exchange.


Bumper is one of the main parts which are used as protection for passengers from front and rear collision. The aim of this study was to analyze and study the structure and material employed for car bumper by one of the car manufacturers. In this study, the most important variables like material structures,hardness and impact conditions were studied for analysis of the bumper beam in order to improve the crashworthiness during collision.The composite bumper samples of HYBRID Cs, PNFC, and GF-C were produced and their mechanical properties were investigated andcompared. The HYBRID Cs(combination of jute and glass fibers) was found to exhibit superior hardness and impact property associated to the commercial GF-C material.Hence, it is obvious that the natural jute fiber composites can undeniably replace the commercial GF-C for automotive components.


The invention relates to an information switching realization method and a mobile terminal. The method includes: receiving a sliding operation instruction triggered by a user in an interface expanded by a current information bar of an information list; according to the sliding operation instruction, searching and acquiring a target information bar from the information list; switching from the expanded interface of the current information bar to an expanded interface of the target information bar. By the method and the mobile terminal, quick switching between the information bars can be realized, and a user needs not to quit the current information bar, return to the information bar list and reenter a next information bar, so that the operation path is simplified, complicated operation performed for switching between multiple information bars and particularly for repeated switching in the prior art is avoided, and convenience is brought to users.


Virulent, human-type'tubercle bacilli, strain Nakano, were mixed with two kinds of egg-yolk solution, a 37 per cent and a 3 per cent, at the rate of 0.01 mg per 0.5 ml solution. The bacilli-yolk mixtures were then inoculated subcutaneously into 2 groups of 6 guinea-pigs each, respectively, each animal receiving 0.5 ml mixture. At the same time, a third, control group of an equal number of guinea-pigs received 0.01 gm of bacilli suspended in 0.5 ml of distilled water without yolk. After inoculation, local lesions at the site' of inoculation and tuberculin skin reactions secured with a hundredfold Old Tuberculin (Sauton culure) were observed and recorded weekly. Nine weeks after inoculation, all the animals were killed and a comparative observation was made grossly as well as histologically of tuberculous lesions in the visceral organs and the lymph nodes. quantitative cultures were made for comparison from the spleens of all the animals. The experiment led to the following results:


Cloud database services assure the high availability and scalability, but there are many issues about data privacy and confidentiality. The online applications are also vulnerable to attack that gain access to the sensitive data as the attacker can easily exploit software bug. Hence the security and privacy of the sensitive data stored on the cloud is the biggest challenge today. Storing critical and sensitive data in the hands of cloud service provider will not guarantee the privacy of data. Several ways are available for storage services , but the data privacy and confidentiality solutions for cloud database are still in research. The data privacy and confidentiality can be maintained by combining encryption of data with SQL operations. The application that uses SQL database can be secured by using DD-PLAC architecture which provides confidentiality of the data stored on cloud. DD-PLAC (Distributed Database with Proxy-less architectures that store meta data in the cloud) architecture combines data encryption, key management and access control policies which addresses the issues related to typical threat for cloud database.


Glass article comprises a glass core layer, and a glass cladding layer adjacent to the glass core layer. Average thermal expansion coefficient of the core layer (CTE) is greater than the average CTE of the cladding layer. Effective


Horse leafminer of ornamental chestnut (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič) spread in Europe very quickly and produces important damages to species like Aesculus especially to Aesculus hippocastanum L. Science peoples from European countries where this pest is present, were and are concern by all the aspects regarding this pest: origin, area of spread, morphology, biology and fighting. The present paper completes the aspect of morphology of larva by photos of larvae using electron microscope in different development stages, so to can determinate the medium size of larvae in every stage, inclusive aspects regarding the segments characteristics of thorax and abdomen. This characteristics help to determinate the larval stage of development .


The growing number of civil applications in which Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are involved can create many concerns for airspace security and surveillance. Gathering as much information as possible about a drone can be crucial to apply proper countermeasures if a potentially dangerous situation is detected. Of course, the presence of a UAV can be detected by radar, but it is possible to extend the system capabilities to obtain additional information. For example, in the case in which the UAV is equipped with propellers, the radar-measured rotational speed could be important information to classify the type of UAV or to reveal if it is carrying some possibly harmful payload. In addition, the rotational speed measured through radar could be used for different purposes, such as to detect a drone manumission, to estimate its maximum payload, or for predictive maintenance of the drone. Measuring the propellers' rotational speed with radar systems is a critical task, as the Doppler generated by the rotation can be very high, and it is very difficult to find commercial radar systems in the market able to handle such a high Doppler. Another problem is caused by the typically very small Radar Cross-Section (RCS) of the propellers, which makes their detection even more difficult. In the literature, common detection techniques are based on the measurement of the Doppler effect produced by the propellers to derive their rotational speed, but due to the very limited capabilities of commercial sensors, this approach can be applied only at very low values of the rotational speed. In this work, a different approach based on a Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar is proposed, which exploits the vibration of the UAV generated by the rotation of the propellers. The phenomenon and how the sensor can detect it will be presented, which is joined with a performance analysis comparing different estimation techniques for the indirect measurement of the propellers' speed to evaluate the potential benefits of the proposed approach.


The method of MINQUE (Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased Estimation), was originally proposed by [C.R. Rao(1970)] for estimating heteroscedastic covariance matrix of a linear model and later generalized in a series of papers [C.R. Rao (1971, 1972)] for variance and covariance components. In some situations it may produce negative values for estimating non-negative variance components. For this reason P.S.R.S. Rao and Chaubey (1978) proposed some modifications, including MINQE which does not impose the unbiased condition. Chaubey (1980) showed how the method of MINQUE can be adapted for estimating the distinct elements of an intra-class covariance matrix. This extension is straight forward when no a priori guess is incorporated in the estimation process. However, for the case when a priori guess about distinct elements is used, in general, we may need to consider a different minimization problem, especially for the covariance components model. In this paper we consider the method of MINQE and MINQUE for estimating distinct elements of a variance covariance matrix in the case of a variance components model, providing the solution. It is shown that for the particular case of the intra-class correlation model, the original form for the solution holds with slight modification.


Croatia bases its tourism development upon abundance of natural and historic-cultural resources and nearness of the emitive markets. It more intensively joined the international tourist movements in the middle of the 1960s having become a medium-developed tourist country of the European Mediterranean. A decrease of the tourist flow which had begun in the second half of the 1980s, culminated during the armed aggression on Croatia. The losses of the tourist flow during the eight war and post-war years have been estimated to 325 million of the lost overnight stays, respectively to 13 milliard US$. In order to increase the tourist flow it is necessary to raise the quality of the tourism offer and to coordinate it with the leading trends in the world. Due to the process of transition from the planned to the market economy, there is a revision of the existing law regulations in Croatia. A new cycle of the Croatian tourism has been started in this way. It is based on raising of the quality and en richment of the tourism offer other than board and lodging.


Background. Wound is integrity tissue disruption that causes damage and
usually related to loss of function. Wound healing is an important biological
process which involves tissue repair and regeneration. The use of herbal plants as
traditional medicine which has an important role in wound healing has been
widely known as cocor bebek which has some useful content for wound healing
activities such as tannins, ascorbic acid, flavonoids (quercetin), saponins.
Purpose. To determine wheter an increase in fibroblasts in the socket on the
wound healing process after tooth extraction in guinea pigs. Method. This study is
an experimental research laboratory, using 42 experimental animals were divided
into 3 treatment groups and 3 control groups. Extraction was done of the left
incicivus and put in the cocor bebek (kalanchoe pinnata) extract in the treatment
group, whereas the control group was given a carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC
Na) each one on days 3, 5, 7. After that was fibroblasts observed under a
microscope that has made preparation.The data were analyzed using one-way
ANOVA and independent t-test.Results. There is significant difference between
the groups treated with the cocor bebek extract 100 mg/200 g weight and control
group. Conclusion. Cocor bebek leaf extract (Kalanchoe pinnata (L.)Pers) dose
100 mg per 200 g weight had the accelerating effect of wound healing post tooth
extraction, which is characterized by an increased number of fibroblasts.


The work discusses new approaches to determination of thermoelectric material properties based on Harman's method. New measurement methods are proposed, analysis of errors is made and methods of their instrumental determination are developed. Examples of precise measurement of thermoelectric material properties are given.


Dear Editor, Smoking is more prevalent among patients with severe mental disorders than in the general population. Moreover, other health threatening factors, such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and less attention to general health and self-care, contribute to increase the morbidity and early mortality in this population. The relationship between psychopathology and smoking (selfreported cognitive improvement, decrease in antipsychotic sideeffects, and anxiety), together with restrictions on the use of some medications and behavioral strategies, are some of the difficulties in the nicotine dependence treatment for these patients. Currently, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has been considered to be the most effective and safest option to aid smoking cessation in this population. The Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (HC-UNICAMP) has 3,100 employees and 394 beds. It is a reference institution in health care, teaching, and research, and therefore it has an exemplary role in providing high-standard care and environment. Its 12-bed Psychiatric Unit (PU) admits patients suffering from mood disorders (34%), psychotic disorders and schizophrenia (28%), personality disorders (12%), organic mental disorders (9%), and disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances (7%). In the beginning of 2008, a multisectoral committee was created in order to implement measures to make the hospital 100% free from tobacco. One of the main obstacles to achieve that goal was the fact that the fourth floor of the building, where the PU is located, used to be regarded by both patients and professionals as a smoking area. Table 1 describes the main measures taken to ban smoking in the hospital. Between June 2008 and May 2009, 196 patients were hospitalized at the PU, 26% of whom were smokers. On average, they were 37 years old and had been smoking 22 cigarettes per day for the last 19 years. Twelve months after hospital discharge, all patients were contacted by telephone and interviewed: 31% maintained the same smoking pattern, 27% reduced the number of cigarettes smoked per day, 10% had quit smoking but relapsed, and 27% had quit smoking completely since the time they were hospitalized. The two main difficulties identified in the smoke-free program were the resistance of hospital employees to acknowledge that the fourth floor was no longer a place for smoking, and the lack of NRT for all the hospital wards. Overall, the implementation of the program was smoother than initially expected. There were neither increased reports of aggressive behavior nor admission refusals. The old "negotiations" between staff and patients, who used cigarettes as an exchange currency, have been replaced by walking at the hospital yard, dominoes matches, and listening to the piano available on the fourth floor. Some hospital professionals also stopped smoking. The comment made by an interviewed patient reinforces the importance of the initiative and encourages other services to do the same: "I thought it's all right [not being allowed to smoke in


Group behaviors of organisms can be described as the response to personally and socially acquired information. Many previous works, for example traditional social force model and alignment rule, concern the influence of neighbors' behaviors, but overlook the individual direct response to the information of environment. Here, we propose a novel friction based social force model and focus on the individual initiative, which is a direct response to environmental stimuli. By employing multi-agent methods, our model simulates a grazing case: a group of sheep graze in a meadow. We demonstrate that, guided by friction force (namely the individual initiative of unwilling to move), initiatives of individual and partners have variable influences on the benefit and motion of individuals in group behaviors. Furthermore, simulation results are consistent with two recent biological observations, that cannot be mimicked by traditional social force model and alignment rule.


This paper addresses the robust and accurate trajectory tracking problem for unmanned helicopters in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances. First, the helicopter's model is simplified to a six‐degrees‐of‐freedom rigid body augmented with a simplified rotor dynamic model, with the model uncertainties and the external disturbances being treated as lumped unknown disturbances. Second, a nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to estimate this lumped disturbance. Then, a backstepping controller with disturbance compensation is designed to ensure robust and highly trajectory tracking. After that, the theoretical analysis of the efficiency of the designed disturbance observer‐based backstepping controller (Backstepping+DO) is shown by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation results and conclusions are presented and discussed.


As semiconductor technology advances, the performance gap between processor and memory has become one of the major issues in computer design. In order to bridge this gap, many methods, for example, cache, Massively Parallel Processor (MPP) and interleaved memory have been developed. However, computer system performance fails to make reasonable improvement in the data intensive applications, due to the long latency and limited bandwidth. In a continuing effort to bridge this widening gap between processor and main memory speed, a new concept called Processor-In-Memory (PIM) is introduced, which capitalises on merging the processor unit with its memory unit on the same chip. Several architectures based on this concept have been proposed such as, IRAM, Active Pages, FlexRAM, Computational RAM, etc. The most immediate benefit provided by these architectures is the increased on chip bandwidth and low memory latency. These architectures have some limitations such as their adaptability, scalability and cost-effectiveness. In this paper, a Dynamic Cooperative Intelligent Memory (DCIM) architecture is presented, where some of those limitations are bridged.


Females of Simulium ochraceum which were fed on a carrier of the Guatemalan strain of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae were maintained under natural conditions at five different altitudes (350-1, 500 m) within and outside of the onchocerciasis endemic zone. The results suggested the probability that these insects' chance of surviving increases with altitude. The infective stage of O. volvulus larvae was reached on the eighth day at Maria Santisim a (alt. 650 m). At higher altitudes (1, 200-1, 500 m), however, no larval development beyond the late first stage occurred, except in one S. ochraceum female (at Guatemala City, 1, 500 m) which yielded late second-stage worms on day 16. The length of the gonotrophic cycle was three or four days irrespective of altitude. Heat accumulation, calculated by means of a self-registered thermometer, suggested that the predicted period required for larvae to reach the infective stage in the vector varies considerably with altitude (4.4-28 days). The relationship between the rate of development of O. volvulus larvae at varying altitudes, and ambient heat accumulation, is also discussed.


There is a growing support for the view that the private sector is at least as efficient as the public sector in managing investment risks of large projects. Governments forget that it is the taxpayer who bears all the risks in a public finance scenario of investments. So, it seems unfounded that governments should neglect the cost of investment risk in obtaining finance as the taxpayer might be seen as a shareholder in (public) investments, which by definition are risky. It is this taxpayer-is-shareholder perspective that will be criticized in this paper. This taxpayer approach neglects the variety of funding and financing positions that might be taken by the various actors in investment projects. The paper concludes that some prudence is recommended in supporting private finance initiatives


The interaction of malnutrition and infection is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the so-called developing nations and among the poorer communities of the affluent nations. 1,2 Infections are more abundant, of longer duration, and more severe in malnourished as compared to well-nourished populations. 2,3 The most dramatic expressions of this interaction is the precipitation of kwashiorkor by measles and the exceedingly high case fatality of measles in malnourished children. 4 Less dramatic is the chronic and wide-spread coexistence of moderate malnutrition and commonplace but abundant respiratory, intestinal, and skin infections. 1,5 The problem of synergism of malnutrition and infection is only recently being appreciated in this country, not only in disadvantaged communities but in the context of the hospitalized patient, debilitated nutritionally from a variety of chronic diseases, particularly malignancy, gastrointestinal disorder, and, sometimes, drastic but life-saving treatments. Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) in all degrees is now being


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve the surface electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance of AISI 430 stainless steel (430 SS) as bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), a protective Nb-modified layer is formed onto stainless steel via the plasma surface diffusion alloying method. The effect of diffusion alloying time on electrochemical behavior and surface conductivity is evaluated.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, the surface electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance of modified specimen are evaluated by the potentiodynamic and potentionstatic polarization tests. Moreover, the hydrophobicity is also investigated by contact angle measurement.

Findings
The Nb-modified 430 SS treated by 1.5 h (1.5Nb) presented a lower passivation current density, lower interfacial contact resistance and a higher hydrophobicity than other modified specimens. Moreover, the 1.5 Nb specimen presents a smoother surface than other modified specimens after potentionstatic polarization tests.

Originality/value
The effect of diffusion alloying time on electrochemical behavior, surface conductivity and hydrophobicity of modified specimen is evaluated. The probable anti-corrosion mechanism of Nb-modified specimen in simulated acid PEMFC cathode environment is presented.


The invention discloses a resonance point detection method for a combination switch of a motor vehicle. The steps such as tool fixing, sweep frequency detection, secondary detection, data analysis and comparison position are preformed sequentially, so that the range where originally confirmed resonance points obtained through data analysis are located is compared with the range where the resonance points obtained through sweep frequency detection are located, and the coincident points after comparison are confirmed as resonance points of the to-be-detected combination switch of the motor vehicle, as a result, the implementation process of the entire testing method is simple, convenient and efficient, and the positioning result of the resonance points obtained through detection is accurate and reliable.


Besides the good initiative,innovation awareness and business capacity,outstanding communication skills are important for a good lab director.In this paper,the skills in communicating with leaders,colleagues,professors,corporations and students were discussed particularly.


This paper presents findings from a study of the experiences of in‐service trainee teachers in colleges of further education in England on programmes run under the auspices of and through franchise arrangements with universities. It argues that there is a significant gap between the rhetoric of gaining teaching qualifications through a work‐based route and the reality experienced by many in‐service trainees. Consideration of the role of the workplace as the context for teacher training and professional development is currently absent from the reform process. The research findings comprise data from a questionnaire survey of 195 trainee teachers (drawn from colleges throughout England), the responses of 21 of them who agreed to be interviewed about the extent to which their colleges supported them during their training period, and the 'learning logs' of six of the interviewees. Using the 'expansive‐restrictive' framework to analyse the findings, the paper argues that college managers need to conceptualise learning as something that is central to the practices of their employees as much as it is for their students and to help colleges become more expansive‐learning oriented. Initial teacher education needs to be much more closely integrated within colleges' broader workforce development strategies. Much greater attention needs to be paid by policymakers and the agencies responsible for teacher training to the way in which workplace practices and the organisation of teachers' roles and responsibilities might need to change in order to accommodate their professional development.


According as the present invention relates to fix Miniature mounting hole in mutep-mounted implant and its treatment method of the bone in particular, the configuration of the implant to implant the artificial tooth to fix Miniature mounting holes to be formed in the alveolar bone of a permanent tooth damaged areas, the fix, but forming a fix Miniature installed in Miniature mounting hole, the arc-shaped pillar is of flat cross-section having a circular arc shape, the inner surface is formed with a screw thread, in the bottom end to the outside has a shape formed plate is crescent-shaped engaging the online Miniature installation the crescent-shaped locking plate mounting hole Miniature Fixed bottom surface on both sides of a pair of separate online is sandwiched installation becomes caught in the locking groove formed in the arc-shaped Miniature in the inserted state facing each other with the hole; One-piece flat which cross section is threaded gatdoe the formed shape, inserted between the through the lower end portion the disk in a state in which positions facing each other has a shape integrally connected to said pair of removable fix Miniature installed on the inner surface of the pillars having a circular arc shape Miniature and fixes; Have the form of the artificial tooth fixed installed at the upper end fix Miniature mounting hole within the one of the cylindrical body wherein a separate fix Miniature integral to fix the bolt or screw is Miniature screwed into the inside thread of the pair having a state assembled in a form-type air -but characterized in that configured in; garment. Accordingly, there can be greatly extended service life than using the online Miniature simple screw type of conventional implants, as well as strengthened the coherence of the fixes Miniature possible even shallow fix Miniature installations alone treatment can reduce the number of side effects, in particular, the implant mounting hole depth to enhance the bonding force by the screwing manner by a disk-shaped lower end portion distributes the repeated loads when the food mastication, as well as to extend the implant lifetime, removable fix Miniature and integrated online Miniature and control -but treatment can be reduced, the artificial bone graft is not necessary enforcement sinus elevation, in the case of mandibular molars can minimize risk of nerve damage portion.


A painting in a private Amsterdam collection, which until now had been attributed to Jacob Adriaensz Backer, shows a surprisingly close relation to the 1633 picture Penitent King David byHendrick Bloemaert in the National Gallery in Prague. After a close comparison with a passage from Scripture (Job chapter 42, verses 7-9) and a print by Adriaen Collaert, based on a drawing by Johannes Stradanus, the subject of the Amsterdam picture has been determined anew as Job's intercession at the Burnt Offering of His Friends. An analysis of style of the Job-painting, based on a comparison with works by Hendrick Bloemaert and his father Abraham Bloemaert, confirms the attribution to Hendrick Bloemaert. Lastly, the Amsterdam picture is identified with a painting, assumed to be lost, which according to a source from 1778, was painted by Hendrick Bloemaert and dedicated to the Sint Jobsgasthuis in Utrecht in 1633 and which depicts the "Gebed en Brand-offer van Hiob"


Chemical reactions involving one solid phase and producing another invariably proceed preferentially at the interface between the two phases; examples are the decomposition of solids, the tarnishing reactions of metals and the reduction of oxides. The process is initiated by nucleation at some locality followed by growth ofreaction from these centres; when the nucleation rate is small compared with the growth rate, the regions of localized reaction quickly become visible in the optical or electron microscope. This general type of mechanism is rarely in dispute, and, at least in many solid decompositions, no alternative analysis, which has sufficient flexibility to account for the variable kinetics and for rates rauging from times of haifehange ofa few seconds to many days, has been advanced. It is now customary to associate the unique sites at which nucleation takes place with imperfections at both external and internal surfaces; such superficial imperfections are often identified with the emergence of dislocations or of low-angle grain boundaries, or with point defects and their aggregates, since such localities are associated with abnormal strain energy, both elastic and, with ionic solids, electrostatic in nature, that contributes to, and reduces, the activation free energy of the chernical process to a value less than that prevailing at the ideal, flat surface. There is, however, a considerable gap between the experimental observation of imperfections and the location of enhanced reactivity; the interpretation of their röle in chemical reactions is not clear. The experimental techniques now available effectively reveal emergent dislocations, and possibly clusters of vacancies, but not point defects (with the exception ofthe ion-emission microscopy). Ofthese, transmission electron microscopy, when used in conjunction with a decoration techniquel, provides the most detailed and specific information. Thus, on the dcavage surface of sodium chloride two types of nuclei have been observed, one randomly distributed (2·5 X 1011 cm-2) and the other concentrated a1ong step edges (13 X 104 cm-1). With rise of temperature, movement of steps, migration of sodium chloride mo1ecu1es, and aggregation of vacancies were observed. Other techniques using moire pattern magnification2, or the cantrast effects3 arising from the modified scattering of electrons in the vicinity of the imperfection, have also added considerably to our knowledge of surface imperfections.


A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless network without any fixed infrastructure or centralised control of homogeneous mobile nodes which are battery powered. In this research paper, we proposed new routing algorithm named energy saver path routing algorithm using optimised link state routing (ESPR-OLSR) protocol for energy efficient routing in MANET. This ESPR-OLSR algorithm takes minimum energy to find the path between source to destination using high potential score edge node selections. This potential score calculation is based on the distance calculation, direction of motion identification and link stability. The same procedure execute until it reaches the destination and also hop1, hop2 and so on. Finally, adjusting the parameter after using ESPR-OLSR algorithm provides better performance compared to ordinary OLSR protocol and also increased throughput with number of node and transmission range also increased, reduced end-to-end delay, reduced transmission power to finding path between source to destination, ESPR-OLSR is reduced overhead with number of node is increased compare to ordinary OLSR and ESPR-OLSR has increased mobility than OLSR.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a DNA sequencing template. The preparation method comprises following step: (1) DNA molecules to be sequenced are subjected to fragmentation, end terminal repair and supplement, A addition on 3' end, and terminal connection; (2) enrichment of target DNA segments is realized via three times of semi-nested PCR amplification, wherein a primer used in the former two times comprises a specific primer and an universal primer, a primer used in the third time is composed of two universal primers, and the PCR amplification is multiplex-PCR reaction in the former two times. Compared with Illumina GA sample pretreatment processes, the preparation method is lack of a step of sample treatment, so that time is shortened, cost is reduced, and demanded amount of the initial DNA sample is reduced; in addition, the most significant is that reduction of cycling times and application of Phusion high fidelity DNA polymerase are capable of reducing mutation caused by PCR, so that processing on obtained data becomes relatively simple and clear, and when the preparation method is used for a plurality of re-sequencing experiments, demand on sequencing depth is reduced.


Six, hands-on activities were designed to supplement an existing mechanical engineering curriculum for fluid mechanics with the goal of creating a new instructional method centered around activity based learning. Replacing lecture time with activity based learning positively affects university students by reinforcing concepts learned during lecture, visually teaching new concepts and providing an outlet where the students are free to interact more casually with the instructor and their peers. Results of this are higher student achievement, a more thorough understanding of the material and a more positive attitude towards learning The four activities titled Rainbow Layer Cake ©, Marshmallow Madness (Control Volume Analysis) ©, Twist and Turn (Fluid Flow) ©, and Construction Function (Pipe Flow) © were original ideas developed for the class by the author. The activity, Foil Boat, Float, Float was an original idea created through North Carolina State University's GK-12 Outreach Program and modified for use in the junior level class. Sink or Swim (Bowling Balls and Soda Cans in Water) was a demonstration borrowed from the physics department and augmented with a worksheet. To assess whether the activities resulted in higher student achievement, a control group and experimental group were created. Students in the experimental group performed the activities while students in the control group did not. Both groups received the same assessments and a comparison of exam scores was performed to assess the impact on student achievement. The experimental results and effectiveness of the activity, Rainbow Layer Cake © are presented to show that hands-on activities do result in higher student achievement.


This paper presents a row voltage switch and a column voltage switch for the multitime programmable (MTP) memories. In the standard CMOS process, without using any specially-designed Laterally-Diffused MOS (LDMOS) transistors, the proposed circuits can ensure that none of the devices gets overstressed which greatly improves the reliability and endurance of the circuits, and this is achieved by simply employing stacked latches and MOS switches. According to the post simulation results based on SMIC 0.13-μm standard CMOS process, the maximum delay time of the row and the column voltage switches are 11.15 ns and 9.48 ns, respectively, and the average power consumption within 2.5 ms are 309.5 nW and 485.3 nW, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed circuits achieve multi-channel output without any additional circuitry. In conclusion, the proposed circuits will have great advantages in applying to MTP memories.


Concomitant infection of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants has become an increasing concern, as this scenario increases the likelihood of recombinant variants. Detecting co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants is difficult to detect by whole genome sequencing approaches, but genotyping methods facilitate detection. We describe 2 cases of Delta/Omicron and 2 cases of Omicron/ BA.2 co-infection as detected by a multiplex genotyping fragment analysis method. Findings were confirmed by whole genome sequencing. Review of the patient characteristics revealed co-morbidities and conditions which weaken the immune system and may make them more susceptible to harboring SARS-CoV-2 variant co-infections.


Abstract During one of the longest and most extensive systems of medical incarceration in modern history (1866–1969), the Hawai'i Board of Health exiled men, women, and children with leprosy (now known as Hansen's disease) to a remote settlement on the island of Molokai. Some of these patients had access to cameras and the time to pursue photography, unlike most institutionalized and incarcerated people in the twentieth century. This article discusses subaltern family photographs produced by male patients during their decades-long exile from the 1930s to the 1990s. Patient-photographers crafted vernacular albums that reimagined non-normative, a-filial kinship in the absence of family connectedness and biological reproduction. Facing death and displacement, photographers envisioned uncertain futures suffused with anticipation, loss, and loneliness. While family albums are archival practices usually associated with women, unpartnered men took up the labor of piecing together affective relationships with chosen intimates. I further consider how patients developed anti-spectacular visual practices to represent heterogeneous bodies with disabilities, including their own, in consumer snapshots.


This study was conducted to evaluate different priming treatments for wheat grains with Nostoc muscorum, and Arthrospira platensis water extracts for different periods (2, 6, and 12 h). The results showed that priming treatments for 12 h induced growth parameters of the emerging wheat seedlings (lengths of shoot and root, and their fresh and dry weights). Also, pigments, carbohydrates, and proteins content were improved in response to different priming treatments. The highest estimates of all measured parameters are recorded for A. platensis water extract followed by N. muscorum water extract and finally for tryptophan (as a synthetic growth stimulator). Biochemical analyses of A. platensis water extract showed the presence of secondary metabolites as phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Such compounds may be responsible for the antioxidant activity of A. platensis water extract which was determined by using DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, and phosphomolybdenum radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, A. platensis water extract was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analyses which indicates the presence of different bioactive compounds in this extract, mainly 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecane-1-ol, and 3-Amino-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid. These components, in addition to other detected ones, may be acted synergistically to promote the growth of the wheat seedlings compared to the tested controls.


The interface evolution characteristics and deformation mechanisms of Cu/Al multilayers are investigated via systematic molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that both the yield strength and ductility increase slightly with increasing strain rate, and the stress-strain curves exhibit two main yield points for all strain rate loadings. The first yield point correlates with the decomposition of perfect misfit dislocations on the interface and the propagation of partial dislocations inside the Al layer, and the second yield point relates with the dislocation transmission from the Al layer into the Cu layer. The lower the loading strain rate, the more severe the fluctuations on the stress-strain curve. However, the strain rates do not change the evolution way of dislocation networks. The calculated evolution curves of dislocation numbers indicate that the dislocation density inside the Cu layer is lower than that inside the Al layer. The interface region displays a serrated structure without voids or cracks, and the higher the loading strain rate, the more serious the interface roughening deformation. The main deformation mechanisms, respectively, are the formation of a lamellar twin structure in the Cu layer and dislocation slip in the Al layer, and the interface roughening is mainly dominated by the formation of a lamellar twin structure. Furthermore, the deformation mechanisms do not depend on the strain rate applied in this paper. In addition, we also discuss the growth curve of interface thickness which is divided into three stages.The interface evolution characteristics and deformation mechanisms of Cu/Al multilayers are investigated via systematic molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that both the yield strength and ductility increase slightly with increasing strain rate, and the stress-strain curves exhibit two main yield points for all strain rate loadings. The first yield point correlates with the decomposition of perfect misfit dislocations on the interface and the propagation of partial dislocations inside the Al layer, and the second yield point relates with the dislocation transmission from the Al layer into the Cu layer. The lower the loading strain rate, the more severe the fluctuations on the stress-strain curve. However, the strain rates do not change the evolution way of dislocation networks. The calculated evolution curves of dislocation numbers indicate that the dislocation density inside the Cu layer is lower than that inside the Al layer. The interface region displays a serrated structure without voids or cr...


An one-stage electronic ballast for metal halide lamp is presented. Employing an AC/AC regulator with hysteresis current control, the proposed ballast performs power regulation and power factor correction in one stage. The circuit is controlled in an approximately constant power mode to keep the input power almost unchanged. The lamp is operated under low frequency and no acoustic resonance occurs. The paper presents the topology, operation, design, simulation, and experimental results from a 70 W prototype.


Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) refers to the maximal amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense or maximal exercise. VO2max plays a significant role in sport science, education and research. The direct measurement of VO2max is time-consuming, requires expensive laboratory equipment and trained staff. Because of these disadvantages of direct measurement, numerous VO2max prediction models for a variety of subject groups have been developed. The purpose of this study is to develop new Multiple Linear Regression based on VO2max prediction models for Turkish college students by using physiological and questionnaire variables. The dataset includes the data of 62 (28 females and 34 males) students, ranging in age from 18 to 27 years, from the College of Physical Education and Sports Science at Gazi University. Seven different models consisting of the predictor variables gender, age, weight, height, Perceived Functional Ability scores (PFA1 and PFA-2), and Physical Activity Rating score (PA-R) have been used to predict VO2max. The performance of the prediction models has been evaluated by calculating their standard error of estimates (SEE's) and multiple correlation coefficients (R's). The prediction model including Gender, Age, Height, Weight, PFA-1 and PAR yields the lowest SEE with 5.14 mL.kg-1.min-1 and highest R with 0.93. It can be concluded that in situations where it is difficult to measure VO2max, the given model with MLR equation can be used to predict the VO2max of college students with acceptable error rates.


College students are in the period when the physical and mental development changes dramatically.As the development of China's higher education,mental crisis intervention of college students has become a project which should not be ignored and needs to resolve.This article summed up the latest study,at the same time,it brings out a new idea of crisis intervention system at the point of school.


Accuracy of power load forecasting was researched.Power load is related with weather,economy,and holiday factors.The variation rule is cyclical and random,and traditional method cannot describe the variation rule,which leads to low accuracy of prediction.In order to improve the accuracy of power load forecasting,an extreme learning machine(ELM) was proposed for predicting the power load,by integrating similar days selecting method based on the time sequence encoding.The method that selects similar days based on the time sequence encoding integrates the information of the entire sequence into each encoded point,which can not only describe the trend of a sequence but also can describe the relative position of the point in the sequence.Then,the ELM was used for prediction,because it only need to set the number of hidden layer nodes and can generate a unique optimal solution,while the input weights of the network and the bias of the hidden layer nodes do not need to adjust during the execution of the algorithm.The power load data of one building were used for simulating.The proposed method was compared with support vector machines(SVM) and back propagation(BP) neural network,and the experimental results show that the proposed method has high prediction precision,high adaptability and shorter running time.


A high-gain and broadband distributed amplifier using high-performance high-reliability InGaP/GaAs HBTs is reported. A novel two-block configuration is used in gain cells in this distributed amplifier, which achieves a bandwidth of 80 GHz with a gain of 16 dB, resulting in a gain-bandwidth product of 504 GHz.


OBJECTIONS TO TIHE REPORT. Objections were made by some to the report on variotus grounds. For one thing it was said that Franklin, beinig then uinwell, had not been able to be present at the experiments. It is proved, however, by the report itself that he was only confined to the house by attacks of gout, and that the Commissioners had often carried on theii inquiries tllere in his presence. It was also proved that he stubmitted to attempts to magnetize him, but, as might be expected, to no pu'rpose. Anlother objection was that the Commiiissioners did not inquire into the method of Mesmer, buIt into that of d'Eslon, who did not know hlis procedures. This objection was anticipated by the Commissioners, and, as lhas been seen, was replied to in the Secret Report. D'Eslon was a Doctor-Regent of the Paris Facu-lty, and was initiated into the inner mystcries of the "discovery" by Mesmer, whlo at first often spoke of his honesty and candotur, thouglh after they quarrelled he denounced his favoutrite pupil as an impostor. Moreover, Berthollet, the famous clhemiist, was asked by the Duke of Chartres to attend Mesmer's performances in order that lie might give an account of the procedure. He received detailed instructione4 from Mesmer himiself, an-d operated according to h-is principles on a great number of persons, particularly the poor people whlo followed the treatment. He publislhedl a declaration in which he expressed the opinion that the whole thing was quackery. The Coommissioners have been criticized for not taking into consideration the alleged therapeuitic effects of animal magnetism. That this objection is unfounded is shown by their report, in which they say that while it is always difficult to form a judgeinent as to the value of a particular remedy the reality of which there is no doubt, it is ob viously impossible to estimate the effect of an agent wlich does not exist. Besides, Mesmer himself lhad put bminiself out of court, as we have seen, by refusing to submit anytlhing but testimonials. Again, lie lhad himself admitted that cures prove nothing. It has already been stated-that Mesmer was iniduced to promise to reveal the whole secret of his method to inquirers who would subscribe 100 louis each. He depuited the task to adepts whlo were suLpposed to have been initiated by the riiaster. Chief amnong them -il were Eprelmeuil and Bergasse. Tl'hey gave theoretical co`urses of lectures to the subscribers, whlichi served. as an accompaniment and' explanation of 4he medical treatment towhich it may be said not only sufferers but the ptublic were admitted. But the adepts lhad to confess that the


We report a systematic first-principles study based on density functional theory (DFT) of the structural and ferroelectric properties of the $R_2$Ti$_2$O$_{7}$ perovskite-related oxides with $R=$ La, Ce, Pr, and Nd. We show that, in all cases, the ferroelectric distortion to the ground-state polar $P2_1$ structure from its parent centrosymmetric $P2_1/m$ phase is driven by a single polar soft mode consisting of rotations and tilts of the TiO$_6$ octahedra combined with displacements of the $R$ ions. A secondary centrosymmetric distortion, which is stable in the parent structure, contributes substantially to the energy lowering of the ground state. We evaluate the trends in structure and polarization across the series as a function of $R$ and reconcile discrepancies in reported values of polarization in the literature. Our results confirm that the family of $R_2$Ti$_2$O$_{7}$ materials belong to the class of proper geometric ferroelectrics.


THE DARCIAN FLOW IS VALID FOR FINE SANDS AND FOR MEDIUM SANDS AT LOW GRADIENTS. THE FLOW IS USUALLY TURBULENT OR NON-PROPORTIONAL WITH GRADIENT IN COARSE SANDS AND GRAVELS AT MODERATE TO HIGH GRADIENTS. TURBULENCE MAY COME TO EXISTENCE IN SOILS WITH AVERAGE PARTICLE DIAMETERS GREATER THAN 0.5 MM. IN FINE GRIANED NON-SWELLING SOILS DARCY'S LAW IS QUITE APPLICABLE FOR GRADIENTS UP TO 500. HOWEVER, AT VERY LOW HYDRAULIC GRADIENTS (LESS THAN FOUR) THE DARCIAN FLOW DEPARTS FROM LINEARITY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GRADIENT AND DISCHARGE VELOCITY. THERE MAY BE NO FLOW IN DENSE CLAYS UP TO CERTAIN VALUE OF GRADIENT CALLED "THRESHOLD GRADIENT." THE NON-DARCIAN FLOW MAY BE STUDIED WITH TURBULENCE EQUATIONS PROPOSED FOR FLOW IN PIPES. SUCH A NON-DARCIAN FLOW STUDY IN SATURATED AND PARTLY SATURATED SOILS NEED FURTHER RESEARCH FOR USE IN DIFFERENT FIELDS OF WATER FLOW IN SOILS. /AUTHOR/


Background Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is one of the most common vascular retinal disorders that lead to macular edema. There is often discrepancy between visual prognosis and optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes. Multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) provides useful information about retinal function in affected parts of the retina in patients with RVO. Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the functional changes in patients with RVO by mfERG and to correlate these changes with OCT findings in those patients. Patients and methods This is a prospective study of 30 eyes of patients with RVO, with their fellow eyes being taken as control. Thirteen eyes with central RVO, 12 eyes with branch RVO, and five eyes with hemi-RVO were included in the study. OCT to measure the central macular thickness was done in all patients. mfERG was also done in all patients. P wave amplitude and p wave implicit times were measured in the central area and all quadrants. Results mfERG responses were markedly affected in all quadrants in central RVO, in the affected quadrants in branch RVO, and in the affected hemiretina in hemi-RVO. The differences between the p amplitude and p implicit time between the affected eyes and the fellow eyes were statistically significant in all patients. There was a significant correlation between the central macular thickness and p amplitude in the affected half of the retina in hemi-RVO. Conclusion mfERG is a sensitive tool for assessment of retinal function in patients with RVO. mfERG can assess local retinal dysfunction in patients with RVO, which is sensitive to morphological changes detected by OCT.


The invention provides a high-accuracy train positioning system based on the radio frequency technology and a positioning method thereof. The high-accuracy train positioning system comprises a radio frequency card arranged on a trackside fixed object and a reader and a processing computer which are arranged on a rail train, wherein the radio frequency card responds to a transmitting signal sent by the reader and returns a reflected signal; the reader receives and processes the reflected signal returned by the radio frequency card to acquire the card number of the radio frequency card and sends the card number to the processing computer; and the processing computer invokes the database of the radio frequency card to identify the positioning information corresponding to the card number of the radio frequency card. The train positioning system and the positioning method carry forward various advantages of the radio frequency technology, overcome the defects of the prior art and can operate accurately and effectively in severe environment. In addition, the invention also provides an error correction scheme for the positioning system, which further increases the detection accuracy of the train positioning system and meets the high requirements of current rail transit development for the detection system.


In this paper, we establish the well-posedness for the Cauchy problem of the fifth order KdV equation with low regularity data. The nonlinear term has more derivatives than can be recovered by the smoothing effect, which implies that the iteration argument is not available when initial data is given in $H^s$ for any $s \in \mathbb{R}$. So we give initial data in $H^{s,a}=H^s \cap \dot{H}^a$ when $a \leq s$ and $a \leq 0$. Then we can use the Fourier restriction norm method to obtain the local well-posedness in $H^{s,a}$ when $s \geq \max\{-1/4, -2a-2 \}$, $-3/2<a \leq -1/4$ and $(s,a) \neq (-1/4,-7/8)$. This result is optimal in some sense.


A method for obtaining uniform settlement of zoospores of Enteromorpha intestinalis is described. Using this method the optimum temperature for settlement on glass lies between 20 and 25° C, and the optimum salinity between 25 and 30‰. Light exerts a considerable influence on the initial rate of settlement but is not essential.


This work finds that Arabidopsis PHOSPHOLIPID:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (PDAT1) is a critical enzyme in triacylglycerol assembly in vegetative tissues. Overexpression of PDAT1 enhances both fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis in leaves. The results suggest genetic engineering strategies to increase oil accumulation in biomass crops used for feed and for biofuel production. There is growing interest in engineering green biomass to expand the production of plant oils as feed and biofuels. Here, we show that PHOSPHOLIPID:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (PDAT1) is a critical enzyme involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in leaves. Overexpression of PDAT1 increases leaf TAG accumulation, leading to oil droplet overexpansion through fusion. Ectopic expression of oleosin promotes the clustering of small oil droplets. Coexpression of PDAT1 with oleosin boosts leaf TAG content by up to 6.4% of the dry weight without affecting membrane lipid composition and plant growth. PDAT1 overexpression stimulates fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and increases fatty acid flux toward the prokaryotic glycerolipid pathway. In the trigalactosyldiacylglycerol1-1 mutant, which is defective in eukaryotic thylakoid lipid synthesis, the combined overexpression of PDAT1 with oleosin increases leaf TAG content to 8.6% of the dry weight and total leaf lipid by fourfold. In the plastidic glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase1 mutant, which is defective in the prokaryotic glycerolipid pathway, PDAT1 overexpression enhances TAG content at the expense of thylakoid membrane lipids, leading to defects in chloroplast division and thylakoid biogenesis. Collectively, these results reveal a dual role for PDAT1 in enhancing fatty acid and TAG synthesis in leaves and suggest that increasing FAS is the key to engineering high levels of TAG accumulation in green biomass.


The expression decompression sickness refers to a group of symptoms and signs which occur on exposure of the body to a too rapid and large decrease in barometric pressure and which are most likely due to the formation or growth of bubbles of gas 1 and not initially to anoxia. The symptoms are essentially the same whether the person is decompressed from high pressure to sea level pressure, as in caisson disease, or from sea level pressure to altitudes of 25,000 feet or above. The treatment of the symptoms is the same whether they occur in divers or in fliers, namely recompression, though, as in caisson disease, the symptoms may occasionally recur or occur after recompression. The prevention of the symptoms is the same in divers and in fliers, namely denitrogenation or the removal of most of the liter of dissolved gaseous nitrogen by the inhalation of pure oxygen for


Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis with a likely long-term psychological impact on healthcare workers (HCWs). As the pandemic moves towards endemic status, little knowledge exists on how it has affected HCWs in the Kingdom of Bahrain. This study aims to evaluate the psychological impact and related factors of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors were assessed at two time periods: 1- July 2020 (T1: 6 months after the pandemic started in Bahrain) and 2- 6-month follow-up during January 2021 (T2: 12 months). Methods: An online cross-sectional survey using standardized questionnaires; Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and factors including lifestyle, exposure to COVID-19, and knowledge of the centre's psychological support services was circulated during both the time periods. Results: Based on a sample size of 366 (T1) and 537 (T2) HCWs, mild/positive PTSD prevalence increased from 18.9% (T1) to 19.6 % (T2), but anxiety decreased from 31.1% (T1) to 27.4% (T2). Sleep-related disturbances significantly decreased from T1 to T2 (32.5 % vs 24.8%, p = 0.013). Although the frequency of HCWs with psychological distress and anxiety did not change significantly over time, there was a decrease in severity of both psychological distress (p=0.06) and anxiety (p=0.005). HCWs (75%) who were aware of available psychological support services also had lower IES-R and BAI scores. Conclusion: COVID-19 has caused psychological distress and anxiety to HCWs, but rates were lower compared to other studies. Further development of COVID-19 leadership strategies incorporating interventions focused on psychological support for HCWs is needed. Keywords: COVID-19, Trauma, Mental health, Anxiety, Psychological impact, Post-traumatic stress disorder


When government agencies make a decision to provide services and information on the Internet, assurance and security become imperative issues throughout the planning, design, deployment, and improvement project cycles. Certainly, it is hard to argue the convenience for citizens to access and process tasks like filing incoming taxes, casting votes on an election, and renewing driver's license online, etc. Nonetheless, how can citizens trust the e-government service applications that would protect their privacy? On the other hand, perhaps more importantly, as more government data are made available via global public network connections, how can the government agencies ensure their employees are following proper policies and procedures to safeguard the network and computer systems? In these two case studies, computer security issues that could happen to IRS and online voting systems are portrayed and discussed. The solutions to a number of key security questions are also provided.


Reliable discrimination between sinus tachycardia (ST) and pathologic tachycardia has been a major problem for automatic implantable antitachycardia devices. In patients whose sinus response to activity is as rapid or faster than their pathologic tachycardia (rate crossover), these unsophisticated devices deliver the programmed tachycardia response to either the pathologic or sinus tachycardia. Over a one‐year period, 50 Intermedics Intertach Model 262–12 antitachycardia pulse generators were implanted to evaluate the specificity of a new group of tachycardia recognition algorithms. Patients were subjected to exercise testing and noninvasive programmed stimulation to demonstrate the efficacy of this new approach. The five recognition algorithms tested were various combinations of the following criteria: high rate HR), sudden onset (SO), rate stability (RS), and sustained high rate (SHR). False positive rates (tachycardia response inappropriately triggered by ST) were as follows: HR (93%); HR + SO (3%); HR + RS (63%); HR + (RS or SHR) (87%); HR + HS + SO (8%). Pair‐wise significance testing between HR only and HR + SO (p < 0.001), HR + RS (p = 0.01) and HR + SO + RS (p < 0.001), demonstrated a significant reduction in the rate of false positives through the use of the sudden onset and rate stability criteria in concert with the standard high rate criterion.


In this paper we consider first order Kohn and Nirenberg pseudo-differential operators, define their weak and strong L2 extensions and prove, by standard mollifiers and Fourier transform techniques, the identity between them. In this article we shall consider operators of the form


Objective To investigate the efficiency of peripheral irradiating on ablation ox-liver tissue using high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU).Methods A Total of 30 cases of ox-liver tissues were randomly divided into 2 groups:the peripheral irradiation group received peripheral irradiation in region-of-interest but not in central zone;the traditional irradiation group was irradiated completely from deep area to superficial area.Results There was no significant difference of the volume of coagulation necrosis between the two groups(P 0.05),while the exposure time,energy and energy efficiency factor(EEF) of the peripheral irradiation group were less than the traditional irradiation group(P 0.05).Conclusion The coagulation necrosis of peripheral irradiation was the same as the traditional irradiation,while the exposure time and energy of were significantly reduced.The peripheral irradiation was more efficient than the traditional irradiation on HIFU ablation.


We consider the effect of contact interaction in a prototypical quantum spin Hall system of pseudo-spin-1/2 particles. A strong effective magnetic field with opposite directions for the two spin states restricts two-dimensional particle motion to the lowest Landau level. While interaction between same-spin particles leads to incompressible correlated states at fractional filling factors as known from the fractional quantum Hall effect, these states are destabilized by interactions between opposite spin particles. Exact results for two particles with opposite spin reveal a quasi-continuous spectrum of extended states with a large density of states at low energy. This has implications for the prospects of realizing the fractional quantum spin Hall effect in electronic or ultra-cold atom systems. Numerical diagonalization is used to extend the two-particle results to many bosonic particles and trapped systems. The interplay between an external trapping potential and spin-dependent interactions is shown to open up new possibilities for engineering exotic correlated many-particle states with ultra-cold atoms.


Zhong Rong's book Style of Poems was a great book during Qi and Liang period about ancient Chinese poems. Zhong Rong,with the courage and judgment of a theoretician,carried on the research of the poems during 560 years from Han dynasty to Qi and Liang period. He pointed out the main literary tide was five speech poems at that time,the essence of the verse was to express the poets' emotions,and put forward to the verse esthetics that "The text has already finished but its idea is enough to spare" ,which had profound influence.


In this paper we have analysed economic inequality in India more specifically expressed in terms of income inequality in an empirical and historical frame. The period to which the analysis belongs is predominantly consists of the two phases, first the colonial period and second the post-independent era. The analysis for post independent India is presented in two phases, the planned economy period from 1950 to 1990 and the post reform economic policy regime from 1991 to 2020. We have presented in most precise and in brief the estimates of some of the most notable quantitative enquiries through empirical trends and patterns. We have also presented broad interpretations concerning the predominance of institutional and technical factors that govern and prolong the status of economic affluence in a society in congruence to specifically distinct historical phases signifying the primacy of these factors in determining the scope of production and exchange in the economy. The inferences drawn on the basis of the estimates of income distribution available at our disposal reflect high income inequality during much of the colonial period. Amidst the limitations, concerning the availability and the robustness of data, we find that self-determination in form of political freedom has the potential to generate and maintain conditions for greater economic equality which we observe during planned economic development in India. However this potential is limited by state of technology and optimized by institutional development concerning public goods within the broad purview of modern welfare state.


Based on college students and the teaching and training of Taekwondo related prone security issues it has done a survey study.It described during the taekwondo college teaching and training on security issues and guiding principles,analysis,teaching and training in Taekwondo main sports injury,and made recommendations accordingly.


Many attempts for deterministic forecasting of eruptions and landslides have been performed using the material Failure Forecast Method (FFM). This method consists in adjusting an empirical power law on precursory patterns of seismicity or deformation. Until now, most of the studies have presented hindsight forecasts based on complete time series of precursors and do not evaluate the ability of the method for carrying out real‐time forecasting with partial precursory sequences. In this study, we present a rigorous approach of the FFM designed for real‐time applications on volcano‐seismic precursors. We use a Bayesian approach based on the FFM theory and an automatic classification of seismic events. The probability distributions of the data deduced from the performance of this classification are used as input. As output, it provides the probability of the forecast time at each observation time before the eruption. The spread of the a posteriori probability density function of the prediction time and its stability with respect to the observation time are used as criteria to evaluate the reliability of the forecast. We test the method on precursory accelerations of long‐period seismicity prior to vulcanian explosions at Volcán de Colima (Mexico). For explosions preceded by a single phase of seismic acceleration, we obtain accurate and reliable forecasts using approximately 80% of the whole precursory sequence. It is, however, more difficult to apply the method to multiple acceleration patterns.


This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the English language material and the thematic learning material and what are the similarities and differences between the English language material and the thematic learning material. This type of research is a qualitative research, the data in the study were obtained through interviews with principals, English teachers, students, parents, observation sheets, and documentation. The results of the research that has been carried out are that English material can support thematic learning of class V. The similarity between English material and class V thematic material lies in the subject or topic where English material and thematic material usually contain vocabulary related to events. as well as daily activities. The difference between English material and thematic material lies in the presentation of the material because the presentation of English material usually only contains an introduction to vocabulary related to simple things in everyday life. While the presentation of material in thematic learning which consists of themes and subthemes is usually presented in detail and is more complex.


The authors try to identify the relationship between side effects and gustatory change of the cancer patients who received chemotherapy. The subjects are 110 patients with hematological/ hematopoietic tumor who gave informed consent to participate in this study. The survey includes gustatory change and other side effects. The following results were obtained : 1. Side effects were observed in 97.3% of the subjects. The most popular of these was epilation, followed by nausea and fever. 2. Among these side effects, fever, stomatitis, numbness of extremities, diarrhea, anal pain, palpitation and oral and lingual numbness are related to gustatory change during and after therapy. 3. More patients with stomatitis experienced change in saltiness during therapy than those without. 4. More patients with numbness of extremities experienced change in saltiness, sourness, bitterness during therapy and saltiness and sweetness after therapy than those without. Careful observation of the side effects will help us perform more predictable assessment and interven-


Abstract The public opinion literature shows that cues about the policy positions of social groups influence citizens' political attitudes. We assess whether cues about religious groups' positions affect attitudes on three issues: protection of homosexuals in the workplace, improving the socio-economic conditions of African-Americans, and government-provided health insurance. We argue that such cues should shape issue attitudes and condition the impact of religious and political orientations on those attitudes. That should be especially true on issues closely connected to religion and for citizens with low levels of political awareness. We assess this argument with a survey experiment pitting pairs of religious groups on opposite sides of issues. We find that religious group cues matter primarily for cultural attitudes, among less politically-aware individuals, and for the religiously unaffiliated, Democrats, and liberals. The dominant effect is negative, moving these groups away from the positions of religious leaders and especially evangelical leaders.


The development of the tourism services sector ("temporary accommodation and catering") across key indicators and regions is analyzed. The growth rates are identified, the trends and problems of using the potential of the tourism services sector of Ukraine and its regions are outlined. The study establishes that despite the general positive moments of development of the sphere "Temporary accommodation and catering", there is a heterogeneity of tourism development in terms of regions and regional deformations of tourism development, and lack of tendencies to overcome regional disparities. There are inconsistencies in the indicators with a close relationship between the directions and rates of growth. The levels of shadowing of the tourism services sector as a hidden reserve for the development of the tourism sector of Ukraine and its regions, their dynamics for the period from 2013 to 2018, and features and level of shadowing of services by enterprises and individual entrepreneurs in this area are calculated. The paper proves that since 2013, the vast majority of regions have improved their official statistics and removed part of the business in the field of tourism services from the shadow trade; however, as of 2018, about a fifth part of this area (according to key performance indicators) continues to be in the shadows, and the regions with the largest volumes of these services (Kyiv, first of all) have significant shares of business in the "shadow". For a deeper understanding of the nature and factors influencing the shadowing of the sphere of "Temporary accommodation and catering", and a more accurate analysis of the whole sphere, the growth rates by individual indicators of economic entities (legal entities and individuals-entrepreneurs) are compared. The most probable ways of shadowing the economic activity of business entities in the field of tourism are identified, which primarily include hiring workers (methods of employment, wages), the formation of income and profits, and ways to remove their shares from taxation.


A CD-ROM/audio CD based on Claxton's performance project presented in Vancouver in 1999. Video clips and a "photo gallery" record parts of the collaborative work, with Peyote singers Verdell Primeaux and Johnny Mike singing healing prayer songs. Elder and anthropologist Bea Medecine writes on the Lakota view of art and artistic expression in contrast to a Euro-American concept of art. Alteen's curatorial essay examines three of Claxton's performance works and her concerns for environmental issues, ritual and spirituality, referring to the history of performance and the traditions of First Nations and other cultures. Claxton comments on the Ablakela work and the meaning of the sacred in a segment from a televised series. 3 bibl. ref.


Commercial fishing is one of the most important human impacts on the marine benthic environment. One such impact is through disturbance to benthic habitats as fishing gear (trawls and dredges) are dragged across the seafloor. While the direct effects of such an impact on benthic communities appear obvious, the magnitude of the effects has been very difficult to evaluate. Experimental fishing-disturbance studies have dem- onstrated changes in small areas; however, the broader scale implications attributing these changes to fishing impacts are based on long-term data and have been considered equivocal. By testing a series of a priori predictions derived from the literature (mainly results of small-scale experiments), we attempted to identify changes in benthic communities at the regional scale that could be attributed to commercial fishing. Samples along a putative gradient of fishing pressure were collected from 18 sites in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. These sites varied in water depth from -17 to 35 m and in sediment characteristics from -1 to 48% mud and from 3 to 8.5 (Lg chlorophyll a/cm3. Video transects were used for counting large epifauna and grab/suction dredge and core sampling were used for collecting macrofauna. After accounting for the effects of location and sediment characteristics, 15-20% of the variability in the macrofauna community com- position sampled in the cores and grab/suction dredge samples was attributed to fishing. With decreasing fishing pressure we observed increases in the density of echinoderms, long- lived surface dwellers, total number of species and individuals, and the Shannon-Weiner diversity index. In addition, there were decreases in the density of deposit feeders, small opportunists, and the ratio of small to large individuals of the infaunal heart urchin, Echino- cardium australe. The effects of fishing on the larger macrofauna collected from the grab/ suction dredge samples were not as clear. However, changes in the predicted direction in epifaunal density and the total number of individuals were demonstrated. As predicted, decreased fishing pressure significantly increased the density of large epifauna observed in video transects. Our data provide evidence of broad-scale changes in benthic communities that can be directly related to fishing. As these changes were identifiable over broad spatial scales they are likely to have important ramifications for ecosystem management and the development of sustainable fisheries.


The local elections in Aragon of 2011 have been carried out with the introduction of relevant changes in the electoral Census and other aspects. In general one can speak of a stable structure of partisan competition, but strongly influenced by the spread of small towns, which are the majority of the total of more than 700 municipalities, most of whom barely proportionality representative results. At the other end a great metropolis, surrounded by a rampant conurbation, concentrates well over half the total population of Aragon. Finally, the simultaneous holding of local and regional elections finishes for define a singular electoral scene, whose stability seems to be moved since 2007. SUMARIO I. INTRODUCCION. 1. Las elecciones locales. II. REGIMEN JURIDICO DEL PROCESO ELECTORAL. 1. Normativa reguladora. A. Legislacion autonomica aragonesa. El problema de la concurrencia normativa. 2. Elementos del proceso electoral. A. El derecho de sufragio. B. Los sistemas electorales. III. ANALISIS DE LOS RESULTADOS ELECTORALES. 1. Tendencias a nivel de Comunidad Autonoma (1987-2011). A. Niveles de participacion. B. Estructura de la competencia partidaria. 2. Analisis por provincias. (2007-2011). A. Huesca. B. Teruel. C. Zaragoza. III. CONCLUSION. IV. ANEXOS.


As a powerful optical tool, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has played an essential role in deep-tissue imaging and in vivo imaging [1]. Among the laser sources for MPM, $1.7\ \mu\mathrm{m}$ laser sources with a low repetition rate have recently become a hot topic for the abilities of 3-photon and 4-photon excitation of most existing fluorescent probes, such as green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein [2], which is necessary for high-contrast imaging deep in scattering biological tissues [3]. Although there are few reports on 3-photon microscopy with $1.7-\mu\mathrm{m}$ laser systems utilizing soliton self-frequency shift [4], which are usually intricate, studies on $1.7-\mu\mathrm{m}$ low repetition rate fiber lasers are rare. In this work, for the first time, we present a $1.7-\mu\mathrm{m}$ mode-locked (ML) all-fiber laser with a repetition rate of about 1 MHz. It is mode-locked by two semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAM) and employs a simple and compact linear cavity, opening up broad prospects for multiphoton microscopy at $1.7\ \mu\mathrm{m}$ region.