A ganglion cyst arising from the superior labrum with entrapment of the inferior branch of the suprascapular nerve (GLEN lesion) is a rare cause of shoulder pain and weakness. The aim of this study was to determine which clinical findings might predict a GLEN lesion. Twenty-seven clinical signs were assessed on five patients with an MRI-confirmed GLEN lesion and 29 age-matched patients who presented with shoulder pain and no GLEN lesion. The clinical assessment included power for internal rotation, external rotation, supraspinatus and lift-off using a hand-held dynamometer. The most predictive tests for the diagnosis of a GLEN lesion were a reduction of 33% or more of external rotation power compared with internal rotation power, or a reduction of 33% or more of external rotation power compared with supraspinatus power as assessed by handheld dynamometry. These tests had a likelihood ratio of 100 and 25 respectively for diagnosing a GLEN lesion.


A new interpretation for the sequence of events in the Knob Lake area is given. It is suggested that they are more closely allied to the Wabana type than the Mesabi.


Long-terme exposures of plant-parasitic nematodes, Xiphinelna index, Meloidogyne incognita, and Pratylenchus vulnus to subnematicidal stresses of carbofuran, oxamyl and phenamiphos can alter their responses to subsequent nematicidal treatments. Responses Vary not only with the different nematicide used but with the different nematode species. Subnematicidal stressing with carbofuran and phenamiphos reduced reproductive potential in X. index, while phenamiphos stressing reduced reproductive potential in M. imognita. However, carbofuran stressing appeared to increase, reproductive potential in P. vulnus. Cross-susceptibility was observed in carbofuran and oxamyl stressing, which made X. indexmore susceptible to phenamiphos, while carbofuran stressing increased the susceptibility of P. vu2nzks to oxarnyl. Long-term subnematicidal stressing of al1 three nematodes with the three nematicides appeared to induce resistance and cross-resistance phenomena in the form of indifference and increased populations in response to nematicidal treatments. In some cases the behavioral response took the form of an apparent habituation. Soi1 leachings from carbofuran and phenamiphos stock cultures of X. index provided protection from corresponding nematicidal treatments, while addition of leachings from oxamyl and phenamiphos cultures of M. incognita assisted in decreasing populations following the respective nematicidal applications. The addition of oxarnyl leachings also contributed in decreasing X. index population levels.


Objective: To find out the frequency of various congenital heart diseases (CHD) in patients less than 12 years of age at Lady Reading hospital, Peshawar. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Patients referred for echocardiography were reviewed. Trans-thoracic two dimensional echocardiography and Doppler studies were done on all cases. The results were analyzed from the data retrieved from the computerized data base of Cardiology department from July 1998 to December 2005 covering almost seven years and six months. Records of patient aged twelve and below and labeled as congenital heart disease were analyzed on SPSS windows version 10. Results: Out of 3072 patients with CHD, 83.7% were acyanotic heart diseases. Ventricular septal defect was present in 1248 patients (40.6%), atrial septal defects (ASD) were 493 (16%) comprising of ASD secundum in 397 (12.9%) and ASD primum in 96 (3.1%) patients. PDA was present in 394 patients (12.8%). A total of 473 patients (15.4%) had the tetrology of Fallot and 236 patients (7.7%) had pulmonic stenosis. Complex congenital heart diseases were present in 198 (6.4%) patients and coarctation of aorta was found in 0.9%. Conclusion: Majority of the congenital cardiac anomalies in patients less than 12 years of age are acyanotic. VSD and ASD are the major acyanotic and TOF is the major cyanotic congenital heart disease.


schemeunderdevelopment isbasedonH.264/AVCcomputing architecture anditcanbeseenasanextension ofH.264/AVC Thispaper presents adesign ofH.264-based stereo video encoder.standard. Asiswell-known, tooutperform former videocoding Foroursystem, thecurrently developed JMVM platform is standards, H.264/AVC usesvariable block size motion estimation adopted, bywhichtheencoding oftheleft-view channel ispurely(ME), multiple reference frames, andrate-distortion optimization based onthepredictions fromthetemporal domain, while forthe (RDO)techniques, todetermine thebestblockpartition within a right-view channel, combined predictions fromthetemporal/traditional macro-block (MB)andthecorresponding motion disparity domains areexploited, witha hierarchical two-stagevectors forthesub-blocks. Theaboveprocess isoften called neural classifier forfast modedecision. Thefirst-stage classifier "modedecision". Thisishoweveraccompanied withincreased determines promising candidates forvariable blockpartition of computation complexity [5-6]. Consequently, manyefforts have eachMB,while thesecond-stage classifier aimstochoose themost beenmadetodevelop fastalgorithms formodedecision [7-8]. probable prediction sources amongtheforward/backward motion However, inH.264-based MVC,modedecision ismuchmore anddisparity frames. Theinput features forbothstages ofneuralcomplicated andthese methods maynotbeadopted directly. classifiers comefromsimple calculations ondifference images Stereo videocoding isonepopular application ofMVC.By between thecurrently codedframeanditsreference frames.decoding anddisplaying theleft andright channel video separately Experiment results indicate thattheproposed algorithm can totheleft andright eyes, humancanperceive depth andcapture a achieve upto84%oftimesavings withnearly ignorable qualitymorerealistic scene. IntheMPEG-2Multiview Profile [9], theleft degradation andacceptable bit-rate increase (less than7%). viewsequence isencodedbyusing theconventional motion compensation architecture, while theright viewsequence might be IndexTerms-Stereo video coding, neural classifier, predicted fromthereconstructed previous frameor/and the modedecision, JMVM,H.264/AVC


This paper proposes a nonparametric directional dependence by using the local polynomial regression technique. With data generated from a bivariate copula having a nonmonotone regression structure, we show that our nonparametric directional dependence is superior to the copula directional dependence method in terms of the root-mean-square error. To validate the directional dependence with real data, we use the log returns of daily prices of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, and Stellar. We conclude that our nonparametric directional dependence, by using the local polynomial regression technique with asymmetric-threshold GARCH models for marginal distributions, detects the directional dependence better than the copula directional dependence method by an asymmetric GARCH model.


In the United States the incidence of choroidal melanomas is approximately five to seven new cases per million in the white population per year.1-3 Bilateral primary choroidal melanomas are rare. Shammas calculated the theoretical incidence of bilateral melanomas to be 0.055 cases per year in the U.S.4 In a population of approximately 200 million whites, one would then expect one case in every 18 years. It is the purpose of this paper to report such a case.


The present invention relates to environmentally friendly biodegradable advertising material, and more particularly to biodegradable advertising material according to the invention relates to environment-friendly biodegradable advertising material comprising the biodegradable polymer film layer on one or both sides of the surface will be. According to the invention, the phthalate (phthalate) By using the advertising material including a biodegradable polymer film layer in indoor and outdoor advertising banner (banner) or after Rex (flex), disposal is easy, and the harmful environmental hormones to the body for disposal there is no concern of the discharge, it is effective to minimize the adverse effects on humans and the environment. Environment-friendly, biodegradable, biodegradable polymer, the aqueous adhesive base, an aqueous surface coating agent


Greek eudaimonists often discuss the nature and value of friendship. Plato stakes out positions in both the Lysis and Symposium. For Aristotle, friendship plays a significant role for a life in which human beings flourish. Because on his view friendship contributes to the pleasant life, Epicurus privileges it to the extent of establishing sectarian communities. The prominence of such discussions in ancient moral theories results from the utility of the conception of friendship in formulating and testing central ethical doctrines. For instance, we may well ask how self-sufficient happiness is to be. If friendship contributes


Background: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is more common in females compared to males and elderly age group. More studies are required to throw light on these aspects especially among elderly women with subclinical hypothyroidism and its association with prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and ischemic heart disease (IHD) among these women. The objective was to study prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism among elderly females and its relation with the diabetes, hypertension and IHD.Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out among 178 women of 50 years and more. Detailed history, clinical examination and routine investigations were carried out. Free T4, free T3 and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) levels were measured using electro chemiluminescent method. Presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, IHD was noted.Results: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 24.7% and more in 61-70 years (38.5%). In 55% of the women the symptoms were absent. The most common symptom was fatigability and constipation. The prevalence of IHD among women with subclinical hypothyroidism was 22.7% compared to only 7.5% in women without subclinical hypothyroidism and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). For hypertension and diabetes, it was observed that the prevalence of these two conditions was slightly more in women without subclinical hypothyroidism but the difference was not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05).Conclusions: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly women was high. Subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be significantly associated with IHD but not with hypertension and diabetes.


High-resolution (scanning) transmission electron micrographs taken on both aberration corrected and uncorrected microscopes, and indirect reconstructed images of mixed phase magnetite—maghemite nanoparticles all show the presence of {111} facets that terminate with enhanced contrast. This enhanced contrast is shown to be a real effect caused by the presence of additional octahedrally coordinated iron cations occupying the {111} terminating layers of these nanoparticle surfaces.


In the last decades, the Internet and the Web have given citizens unprecedented possibilities of communication and contents co-creation, which produce a huge amount of data about the places which they live in.  The advent of social Web has been recently upsetting patterns of re-territorialization, practices of urban experiences as well as uses of cultural heritage, growingly mediated by ICTs so that an extraordinary repository of online data and e-discourses has been affecting the imageries which territories are built on. As a result, analysing the territories and their tangible and intangible cultural assets through data retrieved from the Web has received considerable attention as a promising method for place-based applied researches focused on several territorial dimensions, ranging from sustainability to wellbeing and heritage. Particularly, this paper aims at critically exploring the role of cultural heritage in influencing the online narratives and perceptions of territorial wellbeing in two Italian provinces selected as case studies. Although the Web data use is not without its challenges, the paper is focused on a multi-method approach encompassing Web data retrieval, selection, classification and analysis, in addition to an exploration based on the Sentiment Analysis approach, aimed at investigating the online "sentiment" about local cultural heritage and its implications in terms of collective wellbeing in two selected Italian provinces. The main goal is to compare narratives about the interplay between cultural heritage and wellbeing in areas included in official rankings of quality of life, based on a set of indicators, with those co-created in the Web in order to provide new theoretical/methodological insights on the challenges and potentialities deriving from the use of web-based sentiment analysis methodologies in territorial research.


This paper presents the results of the work of the new field initiative launched by the British Museum at the Darband-i Rania pass in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The pass is located at the northeastern corner of Lake Dokan, where, though now subsumed into the lake, the Lower Zab flows from the Peshdar into the Rania Plain. It is a strategic location on a major route from Mesopotamia into Iran, and control of both the road and the river must always have been important. The aim of the work, which commenced in autumn of 2016, is to explore a cluster of sites that commanded the pass, with a particular focus on the first millennium b.c. Excavation is being carried out principally at two sites: Qalatga Darband, a large fortified site at the western end of the pass, and Usu Aska, a fort inside the pass itself. The occupations of these two sites are predominantly Parthian and Assyrian respectively. Smaller operations have also been carried out at Murad Rasu, a multi-period site situated on a headland across the waters on the southern shore of Lake Dokan. The results have included the discovery at Qalatga Darband of a monumental complex built of stone and roofed with terracotta roof tiles containing the smashed remains of Hellenistic statuary. Other features indicative of Hellenistic material culture are Mediterranean-type oil-presses and Corinthian column bases and capitals. At Usu Aska remains are being uncovered of an Assyrian fortification of massive proportions.


Through the establishment of the model of the state machine for microcontroller programming,this paper researches on the maturity of the description of the characteristic of the program behavior with this model and its realization in the form of source code.


The process simulation calculation is becoming more and more important for designing and adjusting actual operating parameters.The utilization of process simulation calculation can improve speed and accuracy of the design and realize online optimization of actual operating parameters.In this article,ProII software was used to simulate a sour water stripping process,and the model was established by choosing proper kinetic parameters,and the results were similar with actual operating data.Effect of ratio of hot feed and cold feed,extraction position of side-line on the sour water stripping process was investigated by this model.The model can analyze and adjust the operation conditions,thus it has guiding significance for design and actual operation adjustment of sour water stripping process.


make us very hesitant in attributing pathological phenomena to a man who undoubtedly was deeply sensitive, highly emotional, and yet strangely controlled in the presence of God. The textual analysis attached to the independent translation does not seem to me to be altogether in line with a modern tendency to conserve and understand the Massoretic text rather than amend it. It is curious that the first century B.C. fragment from Cave 4 at Qumran (4Q Eza), containing parts of 10:17 to 11:11 and beautifully reproduced in the end papers, has not been utilized along with other Qumran evidence in the discussion of the pertinent verses. All in all, this is a superb and indispensable contribution to our knowledge of the first half of Ezekiel's prophecy. It is a classic work on a vast scale with practically all the scientific apparatus necessary for a thorough study of this important, enigmatic figure who was made a "watchman over Israel."


An interface system for measuring rockwool water-content and water conductivity is presented. It is intended for measuring impedances that can be modeled as a parallel combination of a capacitance C/sub p/ and a resistance R/sub p/. In the particular application, the capacitance varies from 1 pF to 100 pF and the resistance can be in the range from few tens of ohms up to 5 k/spl Omega/ The measurements are conducted with a sinusoidal signal having a frequency of 20 MHz. At this frequency the full-scale error for C/sub p/ doesn't exceed 3,5% for a 100 pF range. The full-scale error for the measured R/sub p/ remains below 3,7% for a full-scale value of 5 k/spl Omega/ with the presented measurement principle resolution better than 0,2% can be achieved for both measured components.


The development of gas pipeline leakage detection technology is discussed. The manual patrol inspection method, SCADA monitoring method, fibre-optical sensor method and negative pressure wave method analyzed. Suggestions for improving network leakage detection capacity are made.


Cataracts, characterized by the opacification of the eye lens leading to visual deterioration, pose a significant global health issue. Timely and accurate detection of cataracts is pivotal for halting disease progression and augmenting the patients' quality of life. However, conventional diagnostic approaches for cataract detection and grading rely heavily on the expertise of ophthalmologists, a solution that can be unduly costly and inaccessible for certain population segments seeking early intervention. Addressing this challenge, the present study introduces a computer-assisted diagnostic strategy for the detection and grading of cataracts, drawing on fundus retinal images. The proposed approach capitalizes on a deep convolutional neural network to extract features from fundus images, which are subsequently evaluated via three distinct classification algorithms: Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, and Decision Tree. The resultant categorization stratifies the images into four severity levels: mild, moderate, normal, and severe. Further enhancing the classifier's prediction accuracy, an Ensemble (ES) learning mechanism via a Majority Voting Scheme (MVS) process is incorporated into the study. A total of 1600 fundus images, sourced from various open-access databases and classified into four categories by an expert ophthalmologist, were utilized for the study. The proposed methodology demonstrated a commendable accuracy rate of 97.34% in the four-stage cataract classification and grading, outperforming existing methodologies. This research advances the field by introducing a reliable, cost-effective, and accessible solution for early cataract detection, contributing significantly to global health improvements.


Economists seeking explanations for the global financial crisis of 1997-99 are reaching consensus that a major factor was weak financial institutions, which resulted in part from inadequate governm...


Dry etching of InP-based epitaxial structure was performed by using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system with different chemistries. The surface topographies shown that the waveguide profiles etched using the Cl2/CH4/Ar recipe have better surface and sidewall quality than that of the Cl2/BCl3 chemistry. To verify the practical influence of ICP etching, InP/AlGaInAs multiple quantum wells microring lasers were fabricated, and the electrical and optical properties were compared. The experimental results revealed that the Cl2/CH4/Ar recipe is preferable to the fabrication of InP-based optoelectronic devices in our experimental system.


Aim: To analyze the factors that influence on applying for formal and informal support to care of the patient with dementia. Methods: 155 patients, who were evaluated to enter in a Psychogeriatric Day Center, and 140 relative caregivers were studied. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were registered for this purpose. Results: The female patients and widows (X 2 = 7.53; p = 0.006) needed more care from a hired carer ; the duration of the illness is associated with more informal support (Z = -1.88; p = 0.04). The daughters caregivers needed more formal support (X 2 = 5.94; p = 0.001); the older and the more amount of children the more hired care needed (r = 0.26; p = 0.002). The existance of formal and informal support are not associated with the burden of caregiver. Conclusions: The inclusion in the protocol of the evaluation of the patient with dementia, of the social formal and informal supports the family owns to copy the situation is essential because it will have effect on the patient well-being.


Background: The Expanded Get-Up-and-Go-Test (ETGUG) allows for the measurement of the basic movement functions of daily life. This test has not been universally applied to date and no sufficient surveys as to its reliability have so far been conducted. Aim: To examine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of measurements done using ETGUG in patients admitted for surgery treatment as a result of lung cancer. Research project: Assessment of the diagnostic test. Method: 22 men aged from 24 to 85 years (mean 64.45 ±11.38) were examined before a planned lobectomy due to lung cancer. The test was performed three times during one hour; examinations 1 and 3 were conducted by the same examiner. The total test time and times of the test stages were registered: from the initiation of rising from a chair up to reaching the 2-nd meter (0-2), march from the 2-nd to the 8-th meter (2-8), 180° turn (8-12), march from the 12-th to the 18-th meter (12-18) march stopping, 180° turn – chair sitting (18-20).The Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) of the measurements 1 and 3 (intra-rater), and measurements 2 and 3 (inter-rater) were calculated. The total times of the 1-st and the 3-rd measurement were compared (test t) to check if a possible learning effect occurs. Outcomes: The reliability of the intra-rater measurements demonstrated a good degree of relevance (ICC >0.75) for total time measurements (ICC = 0.78) and medium grade relevance (ICC > 0.50 < 0.75) of the stage times measurements 0-2, 2-8, 8-12, 12-18, 18-20 (ICC respectively: 0.71; 0.74; 0.62; 0.58; 0.70). In the case of an inter-rater examination, a good relevance for the total time (ICC=0.88) and of the measurements of the stage times 2-8, 8-12, 18-20 (ICC respectively: 0.83; 0.77; 0.80) and the medium grade relevance of measurements 0-2 and 12-18 (ICC respectively: 0.63, 0.73) were achieved. The time of the Test 1 performance (15.94 ±2.48) was significantly longer than for Test 3 (15.21 ±2.42). Conclusions: The Expanded Get-Up-and-Go-Test demonstrates a good reliability of measurements as conducted by various surveyors. As a test performance a learning effect was noted, it is recommended to apply a trial test and to repeat the examination of intrarater reliability after a preliminary trial test performance. Słowa kluczowe choroba płuc, rak płuca, sprawność ruchowa, ETGUG, niezawodność testu Streszczenie ZałoŜenia: Łatwy w wykonaniu WydłuŜony Test 'Wstań i Idź' (ETGUG) umoŜliwia pomiar podstawowych w Ŝyciu codziennym funkcji ruchowych. Test ten nie jest dotąd powszechnie stosowany i nie przeprowadzono wystarczających badań jego wiarygodności. The individual division on this paper was as follows: A – research work project; B – data collection; C – statistical analysis; D – data interpretation; E – manuscript compilation; F – publication search Article received: 19.12.2011; accepted for publication: 25.02.2012 Medical Rehabilitation 2011, 15 (4), 15-20


This paper provides a reluctance network modeling for the steady state performance calculation of a 94kW massive or a 125kW flux barrier rotor synchronous reluctance machine. The massive rotor is suitable for high-speed application; the flux barriers increase the saliency ratio and lead to higher torque and power factor. The suggested model is significantly faster than finite element method and is precise as for performance criteria such as torque and power factor. This precision is guaranteed by taking into account the saturation of all ferromagnetic parts of the machine. The proposed model also permits to compute the stator iron losses and consequently the motor efficiency.


A cosmetic containing low molecular weight hyaluronic acid comprises hyaluronic acid with a molecular weight of 200-400 thousand dalton, emulsifier, surfactant, preservative and additive with special effects. Therefore, the cosmetic can be better absorbed by skin.


For 30 years of Independence, a positive image of Kazakhstan has already formed in the world. For a third of a century, the country has been systematically and steadily moving towards global goals. Today our country is recognized by the world community, Kazakhstan is among the 50 most developed countries in the world, systematically following the Strategy 2050, the Plan of the Nation "100 concrete steps: a modern state for all", implementing a number of other programs and projects. The development of any state is impossible outside the global world space. Since the day of gaining independence, our country has consistently strengthened its status and authority in the international arena. In the process of improving the positive experience of state building and strengthening the country's competitiveness, the modern image of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been formed. It arose and developed on historical, geopolitical, cultural, ethnic, religious, demographic and other grounds. A positive image is important for the well-being and prosperity of our state, and for further strengthening our positions in the world arena. The article examines the role of the subjective factor - the factor of the political leader - in the context of the formation of the international image of Kazakhstan. The role and contribution of the First President - Elbasy N.A. Nazarbayev is evaluated and analyzed in the process of positioning the country in the international arena.


Abstract : This study was conductedbecause of the low science learning outcomes of students in grade V MI Muhammadiyah Sei. From the initial tests were performed only 10 of 27 students who achieve KKM with an average value of 59.07. The purpose of this research is to improve the learning outcomes of students of class V MI IPA Muhammadiyah Sei Segajah by applying TPS learning model. Based on the results of the research can be seen that the activity of the teacher on the first cycle of Meeting 1 with a percentage score of 58.3%. At the second meeting with the increased percentage of 75% as well as in meetings with persentae 79.16% 3 and 4 meeting with the percentage of 83.3%. In the first cycle of the first meeting of the percentage score of 58.3%. At the meeting of the first two cycles the percentage of student activity score increased to 75%, in the second cycle which was also an increase of 79.1% in the first meeting and the second meeting to 83.3%. Before menggunakam cooperative learning TPS only 10 students who completed the study, while 17 students did not complete. After learning with cooperative learning TPS increased in the first cycle of students who completed as many as 13 students and 14 students did not pass well. In the second cycle students who completed as many as 22 students and 5 students who did not complete classically said to be completely Keywords : Think pair share, science learning outcomes


Changes are occurring in both oil price and oil supply which will affect the future of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) application. The decontrolled oil price has changed by a factor of 4.5 in real terms relative to oil price at the beginning of 1970. Oil supply shortages starting in 1973 renewed interest in EOR methods and resulted in an increased level of industry and government research and field testing. An additional significant development in EOR economics is the Windfall Profits Tax incentive for EOR projects. For several projects, the incentive will greatly reduce the economic risk and should result in some large scale projects being initiated as soon as logistics will allow. This work summarizes the state of technology for EOR processes, discusses the effect of the Windfall Profits Tax on EOR timing, and mentions some of the operating problems expected. 10 references.


The hepato-biliary scintigraphy with 99mTc-HIDA and 99mTc-PI and the measurement of hepatic clearance have been studied on constitutional hyperbilirubinemia and ICG excretory defect disease. The results obtained are as follows: From these results it can be presumed that Dubin-Johnson's syndrome and Rotor's disease differ in morbid condition. Dubin-Johnson's syndrome, Rotor's disease and Gilbert's disease show the different patterns between hepatic uptake and excretion on 99mTc-HIDA hepatoscintigraphy and these patterns contribute to the differential diagnosis of constitutional


gen, lead to increasingly poor recovery and even death in various grass species, regardless of the most favourable An experiment was designed to evaluate the role of climatic and soil environment (Davies, 1965; Richards, N and C reserves on regrowth of Lolium perenne cv. 1993). Bravo following defoliation. By using two nitrogen fert- Growth following defoliation depends first of all on ilization levels together with three photoperiodic con- the development of a photosynthetic surface (Richards, ditions, plants with variable contents of water-soluble 1993). A critical role of carbohydrate and N reserves as carbohydrates (43‐216 mg g'1 DW in stubble) and substrates for refoliation has been advocated long ago contrasting amounts of nitrogen (7‐49 mg g'1 DW) (Graber et al., 1927; Sullivan and Sprague, 1943). The were obtained. Plants were severely defoliated and hypothesis has been advanced that 'new top growths are regrowth was followed for 28 d under the same envir- initiated and developed largely at the expense of previonmental conditions. The yield of leaf dry matter at ously accumulated organic reserves, and that their quantthe end of the regrowth period was not related to the ity and availability limit the amount of growth that will initial level of carbohydrate reserves. However, levels occur' (Graber et al., 1927). Indeed, extensive mobilizaof fructan in leaf sheaths and in elongating leaf bases tion of non-structural carbohydrates and nitrogenous strongly influenced the shoot yield during the first 2 d compounds (Alberda, 1957; Volenec, 1986; Ourry et al., following defoliation. Fructan exohydrolase activity 1989; Prud'homme et al., 1992) occurred in the residual increased 2‐3-fold in sheaths and 3.5‐5-fold in elong- parts of defoliated plants. However, it has been pointed ating leaf bases, suggesting that not only fructans from out that a decrease in the amount of non-structural sheaths but also fructans from immature cells may be carbohydrates did not necessarily imply a causal role for used as substrates for growth. In contrast, no direct these reserves in initiating and aVecting regrowth (May, relationship was found between shoot production and 1960). In experiments in which the level of carbohydrates nitrogen or soluble protein accumulation in source have been modified by short-term exposures to darkness organs during early regrowth. A significant correlation and raised temperatures, it has been shown that the yield existed with the initial amount of soluble proteins in of leaf material after cutting was related to the percentage sheaths and in elongating leaf bases after only 6 d of of soluble carbohydrates in the stubble at the time of regrowth. cutting and that once growth was fully established, the rate became independent of the pretreatments applied


Maritrema laricola sp. n. from the intestine of the glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens, differs from other species in the genus in having an elongate body, small cirrus sac, and short, curved cirrus. The life cycle of the species was followed from sporocyst stage in Littorina scutulata and Littorina sitchana, to the metacercarial stage in Hemigrapsus oregonensis and H. nudus, and to the adult in natural and experimental hosts. In experimental infections of H. oregonensis, the cercariae penetrate and develop in the gills after which they migrate to the haemocoel of the crab and encyst. The metacercariae are fully developed in from 6 to 9 weeks, and similar in size and morphology to natural infections in crabs. Excystment of the metacercariae occurs in the following cultures at 40 °C: 3% pepsin plus 1% HCl, 0.85% saline, and seawater diluted 1:4. Metacercariae live for about 3 days in diluted seawater but do not produce eggs in any of the cultures. Only immature worms were recovered from mice and newly...


This study finds a negative relation between the use of a board‐level risk committee and insurer value. The data are annual observations from 68 publicly traded insurers over the years 2016 to 2003. The study examines the impact on value because the arguments favoring the use of a board‐level risk committee mostly frame its use in terms of the strategic benefits it confers to the firm. The finding of this study holds under different estimation models, across different sub‐periods, and with alternative variables. The finding of the study is consistent with available literature on firm risk governance and corporate risk management in well‐functioning markets. [Key words: risk committee, value, insurance]


Background Determining bone marrow involvement (BMI) is a crucial element for staging of lymphoma. While the standard procedure to evaluate BMI has traditionally been bone marrow biopsy, biopsies are subject to sampling error, particularly if the involvement is focal and outside the pelvis. 18F-FDG PET/CT scans have become an increasingly popular component of the pretreatment evaluation to assess nodal and extramedullary disease. Their ability to accurately detect BMI has been suggested in Hodgkin's lymphoma, but is less well established in other histologies. This retrospective study evaluated whether 18F-FDG PET/CT scans are useful in detecting BMI in different types of lymphoma and, thus, may replace trephine biopsies as part of staging.

Methods Between 2005 and 2013, 222 patients (pts) seen at our center underwent coinciding bone marrow biopsies and whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. The most common lymphoma subtypes represented were diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL), follicular, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ninety-two pts were referred to our center for a new diagnosis and retrospectively enrolled on study. Unilateral bone marrow biopsy of the iliac crest was used as the standard for detecting BMI. 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was interpreted as positive for BMI when bone marrow 18F-FDG uptake was not otherwise explained by CT findings.

Results Of the 92 newly diagnosed pts, there were 44 DLBCL, 28 follicular, and 20 Hodgkin's lymphoma. Most pts underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scan prior to biopsy (47), as opposed to the same day (13) or after (32). The median age at diagnosis was 48 years (Range 22-89). Fifty-one of the patients were male and 41 were female.

Seven of the 44 DLBCL patients had BMI documented by biopsy; 5 DLBCL, 2 follicular. When evaluating for only DLBCL marrow involvement, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (concordance) of 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was 80% (CI 0.28, 0.99), 97% (CI 0.86, 1.00), and 95% (CI 0.84, 0.99) respectively. 18F-FDG PET/CT scan failed to identify 1 patient with focal DLBCL involvement. This pt already had advanced stage disease based on imaging, and would have received the same treatment regimen regardless of the extra information provided by bone marrow biopsy. When accounting for any kind of lymphomatous involvement, the sensitivity dropped to 57% (CI 0.18, 0.90) as 18F-FDG PET/CT scan failed to identify the 2 pts with follicular lymphoma of the marrow. Specificity and accuracy, however, remained high at 97% and 91%. When evaluating pts with relapsed disease, all DLBCL pts in our cohort had negative BMI by both biopsy and 18F-FDG PET/CT.

In follicular lymphoma, however, the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT was 43% (CI 0.21, 0.73), specificity 93% (CI 0.64, 1.00), and accuracy 68% (CI 0.48, 0.84). Of the 9 pts with discordant results, 18F-FDG PET/CT failed to identify 8 pts with marrow involvement, 6 of whom had focal involvement. In the remaining pt, 18F-FDG PET/CT scan indicated appendicular skeletal and vertebral involvement. The bone marrow biopsy was negative in this pt, presumably due to the lack of iliac involvement. Information provided by bone marrow biopsy upstaged one of the 9 pts from limited to advanced stage disease. In the 12 pts with relapsed disease, the sensitivity was 47%, specificity 93%, and accuracy 68% based on 22 coinciding studies.

In Hodgkin's lymphoma, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT at diagnosis was 67% (CI 0.09, 0.99), 71% (CI 0.44, 0.90), and 70% (CI 0.46, 0.88) respectively. Of the 5 Hodgkin's pts with discordant results, 18F-FDG PET/CT scans detected marrow involvement in 4 pts with negative bone marrow biopsies. One pt had evidence of marrow involvement by biopsy but not by 18F-FDG PET/CT. As the pt was already stage III by 18F-FDG PET/CT, this information did not impact the treatment regimen.

Conclusions In our cohort, 18F-FDG PET/CT was a highly accurate tool for detecting BMI in DLBCL and Hodgkin's lymphoma. As most pts underwent imaging first, the subsequent biopsy was unnecessary. In Hodgkin's, 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated the ability to detect BMI in pts who would have otherwise been considered to be negative by biopsy alone. 18F-FDG PET/CT was not as accurate in follicular lymphoma, presumably due to the low-grade nature of the disease. Further evaluation in a prospective manner is warranted, and may eliminate the need for a costly and painful procedure in many pts with lymphoma.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Knowledge of the volumetric radiative properties of heterogeneous semi-transparent materials is of crucial interest to accurately quantify the propagation of radiative energy carried through them. When the materials exhibit a complex texture, the determination of their radiative properties remains tricky. Experimental and/or numerical methodologies aiming to finely retrieve the spatial dependence of these properties are at their first step of development. The research proposed in this paper uses optical tomography and specific numerical approaches to solve the inherent inverse problem to solve this issue. 1. Introduction The transport of radiative energy through heterogeneous semi-transparent materials still remains difficult to understand. Due to the somewhat random spatial distribution of the scattering objects (pores, grains, struts, fibres) embedded within the host matrix, these media exhibit both absorption and scattering behaviours more or less intricate according to the spectral range investigated. In particular, the firm connexion between the texture and the wide-range radiative properties appears little understood. The term texture stands, here, for the spatial arrangement of the scattering objects including their respective distributions of size, form and shape [1]. Most of the works deals with heterogeneous materials for which homogenised volumetric radiative properties can be computed. Recent methodologies are based on numerical codes where a huge quantity of rays propagate within the 3D image of the medium [2]. Thus, ray tracing codes can be applied since the mean sizes of the scattering objects, d, allows the use of the approximation of the geometrical optics (�� > where  is here the incident wavelength) when radiation crosses two adjacent phases (fluid and/or solid). This requirement is often fulfilled for open cells foams which can be qualified of beerian media i.e. the radiation intensity decays exponentially for an increasing material's thickness. However this last assertion is not valid below a critical volume making the medium non beerian from a radiative perspective [3]. For open cells foams, such a situation appears when their thicknesses are in the order of their mean cells size. Consequently, 3D images of the transmitted radiation can exhibit a non uniform behaviour according to their variable spaces (see figure 1).


Sir, Kiserud was the first to suggest that increased pulsatility in the ductus venosus flow velocity waveform is a sign of fetal compromise w5x both in cardiac malformations w6x and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) w7x. Furthermore, deteriorating venous Doppler indices have been demonstrated to be a major sign for adverse perinatal outcome in IUGR fetuses w2, 3x. We report a case of transient, highly pathological flow pattern in the ductus venosus in the presence of normal arterial Doppler flow parameters. A 29-year-old nullipara at 35 weeks of gestation was referred to our perinatal unit due to pathological cardiotocography (CTG) and pathological ductus venosus Doppler recordings with reversal of flow during atrial contraction. The course of her pregnancy was uncomplicated until referral. Ultrasound examination showed biometric measurements within normal range for gestational age (biparietal diameter, 9.11 cm; head circumference, 31.4 cm; abdominal circumference, 30.2 cm; femur length, 6.9 cm). Fetal movements and tone were normal. We did not find any morphological abnormalities, nor oli-


Abstract Teaching about race and racism is important in social work education, yet at times it can present perplexing experiences for some faculty members. Using the concept of intersectionality, this paper presents a narrative on my experience of teaching race and racism as a Black, female professor from the Caribbean. Examples of my pedagogical responses during these experiences are presented.


Abstract The Japanese fauna of the yellow butterfly Eurema hecabe (L.) (Lepidoptera; Pieridae) populations in Ryukyu area (Southwestern Islands) were shown to differ from their Mainlands population (Honshu) in its seasonal forms of adult wing color pattern expression and in larval food habits. Recently, E. hecabe was divided into two species, E. hecabe and Eurema mandarina (de l'Orza) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), based on their morphological, behavioral and genetic characteristics. However, whereas these two species are classified into two distinct groups based on nuclear DNA, both species are mixed in the phylogenetic tree from their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences. The reason is a selective sweep by Wolbachia infection, and they can not be distinguished by DNA barcode method using mtDNA. We analyzed allozyme variation as a nuclear gene phenotype in 15 loci from 11 enzymes of the two closely related butterflies. Examining the esterase zymogram of each population, appearance frequency of Est-2 locus in each population varied greatly. E. mandarina showed the bands but E. hecabe showed no bands in Est-2 locus. The UPGMA and NJ phylogenetic trees branched out into two species—E. hecabe and E. mandarina—although their habitat overlapped in Okinawajima Is. populations. The results showed that the allozyme analyses were not affected by the selective sweep of Wolbachia infection between these two species.


European Union Member States share a common vision of how society should be organised, which is different from other parts of the world. This has come to be known as the European Social Model. According to the widely shared policy consensus in international organisations, one would expect that Europe must converge to the liberal model. Yet listening, for example, to French election debates, that the conservative model deserves to be saved by all means. Neither of these options are imposing themselves by necessity. The Scandinavian social-democratic model is clearly an alternative. Must European countries converge to one single model? The question seems to be at the core of the legitimacy of the European integration project.


The size effect of filler particles on the dielectric properties and maximum electric energy density of epoxy-aluminum composites are evaluated. Aluminum particles encapsulated with aluminum oxide layers are used as the fillers to enhance the dielectric constant of the composite and also to maintain the breakdown strength. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the dielectric constant, dissipation factor, breakdown voltage and maximum electric energy density of the composites as a function of filler loading. Dielectric property measurements demonstrated that, for composites containing 70 nm (average particle size) aluminum the dielectric constant is increased by a factor of 7 at 18 wt% filler loading as compared with that of pure epoxy matrix. Even if there is a reduction in breakdown strength, the addition of nanoparticles resulted in potential gain in electric energy density. To analyze the size effect of filler particles on the performance of the composites, samples with a different filler size of 40 nm (APS) were prepared and dielectric properties were evaluated. It is observed that the enhancement in dielectric constant is 6 times that of pure epoxy at a lower filler concentration of 14 wt% for 40 nm (APS) filler samples. The improvement in maximum energy density is 4 times at 18 wt% filler loading and 3.5 times at 14 wt% filler loading for 70 nm (APS) and 40 nm (APS) composites respectively. Material characteristics were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric (TGA) techniques.


Objective: To assess changes in fetal heart rate variability (FHR) after induction of neuraxial labor analgesia. Materials and Methods: Prospec- tive analytical cohort clinical trial conducted between July 2020 and July 2021, with fifty-nine pregnant women from the Pereira


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences within target mRNAs. Apart from working 'solo', miRNAs may interact in important molecular networks such as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) axes. By competing for a limited pool of miRNAs, transcripts such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs can regulate each other, fine-tuning gene expression. Several ceRNA networks led by different lncRNAs—described here as lncRNA-mediated ceRNAs—seem to play essential roles in cervical cancer (CC). By conducting an extensive search, we summarized networks involved in CC, highlighting the major impacts of such dynamic molecular changes over multiple cellular processes. Through the sponging of distinct miRNAs, some lncRNAs as HOTAIR, MALAT1, NEAT1, OIP5-AS1, and XIST trigger crucial molecular changes, ultimately increasing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibiting apoptosis. Likewise, several lncRNAs seem to be a sponge for important tumor-suppressive miRNAs (as miR-140-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-148a-3p, and miR-206), impairing such molecules from exerting a negative post-transcriptional regulation over target mRNAs. Curiously, some of the involved mRNAs code for important proteins such as PTEN, ROCK1, and MAPK1, known to modulate cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion in CC. Overall, we highlight important lncRNA-mediated functional interactions occurring in cervical cells and their closely related impact on cervical carcinogenesis.


We read with interest the paper from van Steenoven et al. regarding the conversion between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Using data from an ongoing study of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's disease (PD), we tested the published nomogram by using an independent sample. Our study enrolled English-speaking nondemented PD patients older than 60 years of age who underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessments at six North American movement disorders centers. The clinical assessment included the MMSE and the MoCA, with the order of administration randomized between subjects. The Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) was performed between the two cognitive screening examinations. For this analysis, MoCA scores were converted to equivalent MMSE scores (MMSE_equiv) using the proposed nomogram, and the correlation and agreement between the actual MMSE score (MMSE_actual) and MMSE_equiv were assessed. One-hundred thirty-nine subjects participated. Subjects were 33% female, with an average age of 71.1 (standard deviation [SD], 5.4) and 15.8 (SD, 2.5) y of education. Mean time since diagnosis was 5.2 y (SD, 4.6). Mean total MDS-UPDRS score was 43.2 (SD, 16.8), Geriatric Depression Scale-15 score was 1.3 (SD, 1.3), and levodopa equivalent dosage was 561 mg (SD, 419). The mean MMSE score was 28.1 (SD, 2.0; range, 20-30), and the mean MoCA score was 25.2 (SD, 2.9; range, 17-30). Agreement between MMSE_actual and MMSE_equiv was moderate to good, as indicated by an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.56-0.74) and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.56-0.75). In comparing the difference in scores, 4.3% of MMSE_equiv scores were more than 2 points higher than MMSE_actual, 89.9% were within 2 points, and 5.8% were more than 2 points lower. The relationship between MoCA, MMSE_actual, and MMSE_equiv scores is shown in Figure 1. MMSE_equiv tended to underestimate MMSE_actual, particularly at MoCA scores falling in the impaired range (<26). In a population generally similar to that in which the algorithm was developed, we found that the proposed MoCA to MMSE conversion in PD was reasonably good, reflected in a moderate to high correlation between actual and converted MMSE scores and a low proportion of MMSE_equiv scores greater than 2 points different from the actual score. The conversion appears more accurate for scores falling in the normal range (Fig. 1). Our assessment is limited by the generally high MoCA scores in our nondemented and well-educated population. We were unable to evaluate the accuracy of the conversion nomogram at the lower range of MoCA scores. The proposed conversion is a reasonable algorithm for enabling comparison of


Abstract In this work, we study an approximate problem arising in the incremental thermoelasticity. The existence of a unique solution is proved applying the theory of linear semigroups. The exponential energy decay is also considered. Then, fully discrete approximations are introduced using the finite element method and the implicit Euler scheme. A discrete stability property and a priori error estimates are shown. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the approximations and the behavior of the model. In view of our numerical results the approximate problem could be used only when a certain parameter is small if we compare it with other parameters arising in the problem.


ions, for illusions created by her mythical' impulse: the abiding truth,' the unlimited in which to lose herself,' life's delirium,' the unattainable'‖ (Giorcelli 121). While Edna recognizes the restricting narratives of marriage and maternity, she fails to see the pitfalls of romance. After lunching with Madame Ratignolle and her husband in New Orleans, Edna is saddened by her friend's domestic existence; she sees it as ―a colorless existence which never uplifted its possessor beyond the region of blind contentment‖ (54). This is a state in which ―no moment of anguish ever visited her soul, in which she would never have the taste of life's delirium. Edna vaguely wondered what she meant by life's delirium'‖ (54). As Giorcelli recognizes, Edna is unsure of what she means, and her critique of her friend's happy marriage appears disingenuous and overly romantic. Unsure of what she desires, Edna only knows she seeks intense emotion and passion; she turns to romance instead of art, one of the few outlets available to her has a woman in late nineteenth-century America. Edna's relationship to Robert begins innocently, yet the sensuality to which Edna has awakened changes her relationship to Robert. Robert had been ―devoted‖ to many other ladies in summers past. His devotion is a kind of chivalric ―relic of courtly society‖ that like the ―frank conversations‖ and ―shocking books‖ are ―permitted by the


The objective of this research Project is to analyze the production and marketing of
pumpkin flan and its contribution to the basic diet of children and adults, in the
XI
Portoviejo Canton. The problem is related in reference to the ignorance of the use
and benefits that the consumption of the zapallo grants and that in the actuality there
are not processes of elaboration of a variety of products based on this vegetable. In
the research process methods such as exploratory, descriptive and bibliographic
were used, the latter helped in obtaining the theoretical basis of the research, the
techniques used were the observation, the interview applied to the Dulcinea Pastry
and the survey aimed at the citizens of Portoviejo, where it was found that the
majority of the citizens would like to taste the flan of zapallo, which has led to the
establishment of a proposal, the implementation of a microenterprise dedicated to
the production and marketing of pumpkin flan, finally a fice-year financial projection
was carried out, detailing the project´s investment, which consists in the detail of
indirect and direct cost assets, expenses that would be leveraged with a bank loan,
in addition, the sales projejctions were made where an estimate was estimated.
Increase from year two to cover the obligations of the company, which completing
the accounting process, and demostrating the profitability of the Company.


Promoter proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a critical transcriptional regulatory mechanism in metazoans that requires DSIF and NELF. DSIF, composed of Spt4 and Spt5, establishes the pause by recruiting NELF to the elongation complex. However, the role of DSIF in pausing beyond NELF recruitment remains unclear. We use Drosophila melanogasteras a model system to address this question. We studied DSIF‐nucleic acid contacts made by the Spt5 NGN and KOW1 domains, which form a part of the upstream DNA exit tunnel, and the Spt5 KOW4 domain, which, along with the KOW5 domain, forms a clamp around the nascent RNA. Biochemical and structural studies have implicated these domains in pausing. We hypothesize that electrostatic interactions between Spt5 and the nucleic acid scaffold contribute to pausing by inhibiting the translocation of Pol II. We disrupted these electrostatic interactions by reversing the charge of key basic residues in Spt5 and used an electrophoretic mobility shift assay to measure Pol II binding and NELF recruitment. We then tested the pausing activity of the DSIF mutants in Drosophilanuclear extract depleted of wild‐type DSIF. Reversing the charge of six basic residues in the KOW1 domain resulted in weaker binding to Pol II. Though this mutant was still able to recruit NELF, it showed greatly reduced pausing activity. Reversing the charge of four basic residues in the KOW4 domain only modestly reduced binding to Pol II, had no impact on NELF recruitment, and significantly impaired DSIF's pausing function. Thus, nucleic acid contacts made by the KOW1 domain of Spt5 promote pausing by mediating Pol II‐DSIF interactions (and therefore NELF recruitment) while the KOW4 domain interactions with the nascent transcript contribute to pausing directly. We also reversed the charge of two basic residues in the NGN domain and found that these changes had no effect on DSIF binding and NELF recruitment but did result in a modest decrease in pausing activity. One of these basic residues is an arginine located in an alpha helix sequence that is conserved in eukaryotes with NELF and promoter proximal pausing but is absent in eukaryotes lacking NELF. To test whether this alpha helix is required for promoter proximal pausing, we replaced the Drosophila helix sequence with unstructured loop sequences from Komagataella pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Caenorhabditis elegans, none of which have NELF. These mutants were able to bind Pol II and recruit NELF but exhibited significantly reduced pausing activity, suggesting that a short alpha helix in the NGN domain is critical for stabilizing the promoter proximal pause. This is likely achieved by optimally positioning a conserved arginine to interact with the DNA scaffold.


The validity of urinary enzyme assays in the diagnosis of renal lesions was studied in rats for evaluation in comparison with other tests such as urinalysis and serum biochemical assay. Tubular damages of slight or severe degree were induced by daily intramuscular administration of 500 mg/kg or 1,000 mg/kg of kanamycin (KM) for 7 and 6 days respectively. Glomerular lesions were induced subcutaneous injection of 30 mg/kg of puromycin (PM) for 6 days. The enzymes, assayed daily before and after the onset of administration, were lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (AI-P), acid phosphatase (Ac-P), leucin aminopeptidase (LAP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT). The distribution of these enzymic activities in the kidneys was histochemically examined. Assays of LDH and GOT on the kidney tissue homogenate were also conducted. Histological alterations of the kidneys were examined in the rats sacrificed after termination of administration. Significant elevation of the LDH and GOT urine levels were observed within 24 hours in rats treated with 500 mg/kg of KM with the high enzyme levels being maintained throughout the administration period, while the other enzymes remained within pretreatment levels or were only slightly elevated. Serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels remained unchanged with no abnormality being found in the urinalysis of this group. In the group treated with 1,000 mg/ kg of KM, concomitant rising of all urine enzyme levels was observed, with elevation of the LDH and GOT levels being extreme while the BUN and serum creatinine levels rose only at the termination of the administration period. The BUN level rose earlier than did most of the urinary enzymes in puromycin-treated rats. Depletion of LDH activity was histochemically demonstrated in the kidneys where no histological alteration was observable, while the activities of AI-P, γ-GT, and LAP showed no distinct changes until the tabular destruction became severe. Upon termination of both KM and PM administration, the depletion of LDH and GOT activities was noted in a kidney homogenate assay for the enzymes. These results clearly showed that among the enzymes studied, the LDH and GOT urine levels are the most sensitive indicators for detecting proximal tubular lesions induced by KM. It was further demonstrated that the urinary enzyme assay in combination with serum BUN measurement is an effective examination for distinguishing tubular from glomerular lesions.


A method is presented for calculating the pressure drop in a polymer melt flowing through single or packed screens from orifice-rheometer data, screen dimensions and flow rate. A design plot encompassing standard square-woven and twilled-dutch screens greatly simplifies the calculation. The design relationships are based on the assumption that, for the narrow range of shear usually encountered in a screen pack, the flow behavior is adequately represented by the power law. These relationships were developed from theoretical arguments and wide-ranging experimental evidence reported elsewhere (1). Several examples involving screen packs in extrusion service are worked out in detail, The quantitative implications of the screen-pack equations for extruder scale-up are discussed.


Bioflocculant was extracted from sauce wastewater by ultrasonic treatment.Single factor and orthogonal test were adopted to optimize the extraction conditions.The results indicated the most significant factor was ultrasonic treatment time,followed by chemical oxygen demand(COD) concentration of soy sauce wastewater,and ultrasonic treatment power orderly.The flocculating rate of extracted bioflocculant for kaolin suspension reached 70.02% under the following conditions: COD concentration of soy sauce wastewater 3080mg/L,ultrasonic treatment time 3min,ultrasonic treatment power 225W.Ultrasonic method can be used for extracting bioflocculants from sauce wastewater and being kept 7d under normal temperature.


The inundation of international terrorism has seriously endangered the peace and safety of the world. Based on the common ground and character of the international terrorism, every country should object to it from the angle of the international law.


Based on the data of daily mean temperature from 1955 to 1999 and data of daily mean soil surface temperature from 1981 to 1998 in the Haidian District of Beijing City, the soil surface temperature prediction model based air temperature was established, and yearly variations of the temperature difference between air and soil surface temperature were studied, by using agro-climatological and agro-meteorological statistical principals and methods.The soil surface temperature was higher than the air temperature in the summer half year and it was lower than that in the winter half year.The average temperature difference between air and soil surface was 2.0℃ during growing season of crops (from March to October); The yearly average temperature difference between air and soil surface was 0.9℃, and the maximum and minimum were 4.9℃ (in the second ten days of June) and -2.7℃ (in the third ten days of December) respectively.The occurrence dates of the maximum and minimum temperature difference were consistent with the maximum and minimum radiation.The relatively error of the daily mean soil surface temperature estimated for 1999 was lower than 2.9%.


Based on the charge transfer reaction between roxithromycin as the donor and thymol blue as the acceptor in alcohol medium,an UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for determination of roxithromycin was developed.The experimental results show that roxithromycin can react with thymol blue to form an 1∶1 complex at room temperature,the apparent molar absorptivity of the complex is 1.70×103 L·mol-1·cm-1 at 438 nm,the stability constant is 1.53×106,and the linear range of the determination is 41.9~419 mg·L-1.


The Higher Professional Education (HPE) scheme, established in 2001, aimed to support new GPs in their continued learning after they had completed their vocational training. 1 The Department of Health provided funding, through the deaneries, for locum payments to allow GPs who had recently finished training to take time out of practice to attend sessions relevant to their personal learning plans. Subsequent evaluation of the schemes has shown a number of benefits described by Howard and Pitts, including improved approaches to learning and studying? In Derby we launched an HPE scheme in May 2003. The first group ran for two years, a second group started in June 2004 and the third group began in July 2005. With the lack of future funding for HPE it is worth reflecting on what this scheme has achieved.


Evolutionary calculations for stars in close binary systems are in high demand to obtain better constraints on gravitational-wave source progenitors, understand transient events from stellar interactions, and more. Modern one-dimensional (1D) stellar codes make use of the Roche lobe radius R L concept in order to treat stars in binary systems. If the stellar companion is approaching its R L, mass transfer treatment is initiated. However, the effective acceleration also affects the evolution of a star in a close binary system. This is different from the gravity inside a single star, whether that single star is rotating or not. Here, we present numerically obtained tables of properties of stars in a binary system as a function of the effective potential: volume-equivalent radii of the equipotential surfaces, effective accelerations and the inverse effective accelerations averaged over the same equipotential surfaces, and the properties of the L 1-plane cross sections. The tables are obtained for binaries where the ratios of the primary star mass to the companion star mass are from 10−6 to 105 and include equipotential surfaces up to the star's outer Lagrangian point. We describe the numerical methods used to obtain these quantities and report how we verified the numerical results. We also describe and verify the method to obtain the effective acceleration for nonpoint mass distributions. We supply a sample code showing how to use our tables to get the average effective accelerations in 1D stellar codes.


The Ocimum gratissimum L. species is an aromatic subshrub that belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is considered as an important producer of essential oil, widely used in folk medicine. Because of the lack of information about the conservation of O. gratissimum seeds, we aimed to evaluate the longevity of the seeds on different storage conditions for 12 months through the germination and seedling formation percentage in this study. The seeds were stored in three types of packages: paper bags (permeable), aluminized paper bags (semipermeable) and glass flasks (impermeable), in the settings of laboratory bench, refrigerator and cold room over the 12 month period. The germination tests were performed on the 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th month, when moisture, germinability, germination velocity index and percentage of normal seedlings were evaluated. During the storage period, moisture, germinability and percentage of normal seedling were kept in each storage condition. The stored seeds showed increased values of GSI compared to the newly- harvested ones.


The consumption of illicit drugs represents a global social and economic problem. Using suitable analytical methods, monitoring, and detection of different illegal drugs residues and their metabolites in wastewater samples can help combat this problem. Our article defines a method to develop, validate, and practically applicate a rapid and robust analytical process for the evaluation of six naturally occurring cannabinoids (CBG, CBD, CBDV, CBN, THC, THCV), two cannabinoids in acidic form (CBDA, THCA-A), and the major cannabis-related human metabolite (THC-COOH). After SPE offline enrichment, we used a UPLC–ESI-MS/MS system, which permitted the determination of several by-products. Studied matrices were samples of different origins: (i) effluent water from a wastewater treatment plant in the Porto urban area; (ii) environmental water from Febros River, the last left-bank tributary of the Douro River. The multi-residue approach was substantiated and successfully employed to analyze the water samples collected in the above locations. The rapid and precise quantification of nine different cannabinoids in different water samples occurred within nine minutes at the ng L−1 level. The appearance of dozens of ng L−1 of some cannabis secondary metabolites, such as CBD, CBDA, CBN, THCA-A, indicates this plant species' widespread usage among the general population in the considered area.


PURPOSE
Corticosteroids are a critical component of therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but are associated with late effects, such as osteoporosis. Risk factors remain poorly defined. Because CRHR1 polymorphisms have been associated with other corticosteroid effects, our goal was to define whether CRHR1 polymorphisms predict which patients with ALL are likely to develop bone mineral deficits.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The mean bone mineral density z scores of 309 long-term survivors of ALL were determined by quantitative computed tomography of the trabecular lumbar spine. We analyzed whether CRHR1 genotypes, adjusted for sex, ALL treatment regimen, and weight, could predict bone density.

RESULTS
We found that three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), all in linkage disequilibrium, were associated with bone density in a sex-specific manner. Bone density was lower in males (P = .001), in nonblack patients (P < .08), in those who were not overweight (P < .001), and in those who received intensive antimetabolites and glucocorticoids (P < .001). After adjustment for these features, the G allele at the rs1876828 SNP was associated with lower z scores (P = .02) in males but tended to have the opposite association in females (P = .09).

CONCLUSION
CRHR1 polymorphisms may impact the risk of bone density deficits in patients treated with corticosteroids and antimetabolites in a sex-specific manner.


Comments from mothers on the International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) creche concerning breast-feeding promotion and maternal support are presented. The creche would be open from 6 am to 10 pm, with 16 mothers and their children currently using the facilities. All the mothers were very satisfied with the creche. Their babies stayed happy and well. They were not distracted by the thought of their baby crying for them at home; thus, they could concentrate better on their work. With this small but valuable contribution, ICDDR,B is establishing a reputation for being a mother- and baby-friendly organization.


Global localization in 3D point clouds is a challenging task for mobile vehicles in outdoor scenarios, which requires the vehicle to localize itself correctly in a given map without prior knowledge of its pose. This is a critical component of autonomous vehicles or robots on the road for handling localization failures. In this paper, based on reduced dimension scan representations learned from neural networks, a solution to global localization is proposed by achieving place recognition first and then metric pose estimation in the global prior map. Specifically, we present a semi-handcrafted feature learning method for 3D Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point clouds using artificial statistics and siamese network, which transforms the place recognition problem into a similarity modeling problem. Additionally, the sensor data using dimension reduced representations require less storage space and make the searching easier. With the learned representations by networks and the global poses, a prior map is built and used in the localization framework. In the localization step, position only observations obtained by place recognition are used in a particle filter algorithm to achieve precise pose estimation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our place recognition and localization approach, KITTI benchmark and our multi-session datasets are employed for comparison with other geometric-based algorithms. The results show that our system can achieve both high accuracy and efficiency for long-term autonomy.


In recent year, advances in hardware and information technology have led to large flow of data across over IP networks. Continuous burst detection in data streams has important applications in fraud credit card detection, real-time IP traffic analysis, sensor readings, email/SMS/blog and hot trends detection in social text sources. The arrival and departure of data objects in a streaming manner impose new challenges for burst detection algorithms, especially in time and space efficiency. Moreover, sample time window size and burst defined threshold values are important to detect accurate burst in continuous data stream. Thus in this work, we describe how to adjust time windows sizes and burst defined threshold values for burst trends detection in real time. And then, correlated bursty terms are detected by finding correlations among them. The burst detection is the task of finding unexpected change in some quantity in real time tweet stream. The main objective of this work is timely detection of bursty trends in Twitter tweet stream which have happened recently and discovery of their evolutionary patterns along the timeline. Our experimental results show the scalability, applicability and effectiveness of our approach in real time processing.


Abstract : This Augmentation Award for Science and Engineering Research Training (AASERT) program supported the research of one graduate student (Pamela Greene) to carry out fundamental investigations of semiconductor lasers that make use of circular, two-dimensional Bragg gratings to define novel semiconductor laser microresonators. Such a laser can be described as a circularly symmetric, surface- emitting, distributed-feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser. Under ideal conditions, the spatial mode of the laser (within the waveguide) consists of a combination of radially inward- and outward-going circular waves coupled by the circular Bragg grating. The grating period is chosen to satisfy the second-order Bragg condition for back-reflection, so the grating in addition couples the circulating circular waves to the radiation field propagating normal to the mean surface (transverse cavity). The combined theoretical and experimental research examined the properties of the Bessel-Gauss beams emitted by these lasers and the details of transverse-mode selection in these two-dimensional lasers.


Individual genetic variation can have a major impact on the clinical manifestation of a movement disorder and its response to treatment. Advances in gene discovery and increasing availability of diagnostic genetic testing have led to the identification of a growing number of patients with well‐defined hereditary movement disorders. Establishing a genetic diagnosis may greatly impact patient counseling and shape therapeutic decisions. Further, assignment of a movement disorder to a specific genetic defect holds promise for the development of causal treatment approaches and individualized therapies, especially as the first gene‐targeted approaches have recently entered clinical trials. However, important gaps remain, that is, genetic testing results are often inconclusive, gene‐specific treatment options are still exceedingly rare, and designing clinical trials to demonstrate disease modification continues to pose a major challenge. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society


This Medical News article discusses a clinical trial for an HIV vaccine that uses germline targeting, a novel technique to induce rare immune cell precursors of broadly neutralizing antibodies.


The present invention is to provide an excellent durability of the photoelectric conversion element for the purpose. The photoelectric conversion element (100) of the present invention includes: a pair of mutually opposing electrodes (10, 20), disposed on the porous oxide semiconductor layer (3) on a pair of electrodes (10, 20) disposed in the electrolyte (5) between a pair of electrodes (10, 20), and connecting a pair of electrodes (10, 20) and enclosing the porous oxide semiconductor layer (3) and the electrolyte (5) for sealing the sealing portion (14); a sealing portion (14) at least a portion of at least one surface of the inorganic sealing portion (14b) is formed of an inorganic material is formed on a pair of electrodes (10, 20) and a pair of electrodes along the connecting (10 a resin sealing portion material containing a resin 20) in the direction of the inorganic sealing portion (14b) coupled to form (14a) of composition; area ratio of the resin sealing portion (14a) surface of the inorganic sealing portion (14b) of the link area (S2) (5) of the side (S1) is closer to the electrolyte is covered by a protective resin layer having a resistance (17) of the electrolyte (5).


Before 1954 almost all programming was done in machine language or assembly language. Programmers rightly regarded their work as a complex, creative art that required human inventiveness to produce...


This paper presents a detailed theoretical study of the two-point correlation function ξ for both dark matter halos and the matter density field in five cosmological models with varying matter density Ω m and neutrino fraction Ω ν. The objectives of this systematic study are to evaluate the nonlinear gravitational effects on ξ, to contrast the behavior of ξ for halos vs. matter, and to quantify the redshift evolution of ξ and its dependence on cosmological parameters. Overall, ξ for halos exhibits markedly slower evolution than ξ for matter, and its redshift dependence is much more intricate than the single power-law parameterization used in the literature. Of particular interest is that the redshift evolution of the halo-halo correlation length r 0 depends strongly on Ω m and Ω ν , being slower in models with lower Ω m or higher Ω ν. Measurements of ξ to higher redshifts can therefore be a potential discriminator of cosmological parameters. The evolution rate of r 0 for halos within a given model increases with time, passing the phase of fixed comoving clustering at z ∼ 1 to 3 toward the regime of stable clustering at z ∼ 0. The shape of the halo-halo ξ, on the other hand, is well approximated by a power law with slope −1.8 in all models and is not a sensitive model discriminator. Subject headings: cosmology : theory – dark matter – elementary particles – galaxies: evolution – large-scale structure of universe – methods: numerical


SUMMARY: John Weddington — or Waddington — is the author of an important manual of bookkeeping, A breffe instruction and manner, howe to kepe, marchantis bokes, of accomptes , which was printed at Antwerp in 1567. A schoolmaster of Lille, Francis Flory, published in the same town, in 1577, a manual of mercantile arithmetic, Les practiques de chiffre . The said Weddington made an accurate translation of this book in 1591, and had it printed in 1593 in London, under the title The practize of cifering. Rates of exchange are those quoted at Antwerp before the Spanish Fury of November 4 th., 1576. — The only known copy of this translation was secured by the Britisch Museum in 1963.


Carers of individuals with an intellectual disability are often responsible for managing their children's psychiatric crises when they arise. The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of families using crisis and short-term transitional supports from the perspectives of families and of crisis and transitional support staff. Three focus groups were conducted. Families and staff were asked to discuss their positive experiences and challenges when accessing and utilizing crisis and transitional support services. Families and staff spoke about their positive experiences with crisis and transitional supports, the staff characteristics that enabled these positive experiences, the challenges they encountered with crisis and transitional support services as well as the general service system, and the impact that these service limitations had on families. Findings highlight the importance of understanding family needs in order to help them address crises before, during, and after they occur.


This was a prospective randomized clinical trial undertaken at our institution to compare low‐dose‐rate (LDR) intracavitary radiation therapy versus high‐dose‐rate (HDR) intracavitary radiation therapy for the treatment of cervical carcinoma.


Traditionally, the group 1 intron of the T4 td gene is used to generate a foreign circular sequence. However, the T4 system has been shown to be fairly inefficient in expressing circular RNA (circRNA). Here, a new method is developed to express circular sequences with high circularization efficiency to strengthen the confidence for future circRNA functional studies. CircRNA expression plasmids, constructed with different lengths derived from the actin intron (15‐nt, 30‐nt, 60‐nt, 100‐nt, 180‐nt) and T4 intron, are introduced into human and mouse cell lines 293T and B16. Junction detection and sequencing are used to determine successful circularization of introns and their expression efficiencies. An actin intron with a medium length (60‐nt–100‐nt) shows significantly increased efficiency of circularization, whereas intron‐100‐nt shows the best efficiency in most conditions. RNA pull‐down assays are designed to precipitate the splicing factors that are bound to the introns and intron/exon junction. The precipitated proteins are analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS), aiming to identify the possible underlying mechanism behind the high circularization efficiency. This expression system has been validated using different circRNAs, and such method shows potential in contributing to the expanding field of circRNA studies.


GARCH econometric model is used to analyze volatility characteristics of public opinion evolution of coal mine safety incidents. Based on an empirical study on weekly average data of coal mine incidents from January 1, 2011 to May 16, 2014 in Baidu search index, it can be found that: the volatility of public opinion evolution of coal mine safety incidents shows aggregation effect; the model residual error is examined by ARCH effect, and it shows that the volatility of coal mine incidents search index has ARCH effect. Therefore, GARCH model is applicable to the study on the volatility of public opinion evolution of coal mine safety incidents, and the model results can provide prerequisite information for the warning of public opinion of coal mine safety incidents.


The decay of and the energy level scheme of Ce***° have been investigated with a beta-ray s c in t i l la t io n spectrometer, a gamma-ray coincidence spectrometer, and a gamma-ray coincidence sum spectrometer. A time-to-amplitude converter was used to measure the mean l i f e of ." . _ 140 two trans itions in Ce Analysis of the beta-ray spectra indicated the presence of eight beta-ray groups of end point energies (in keV) and re la t iv e in ten s it ie s as follows: 2220±50 (8° / 0 ) , 1730*40 (1 3 ° /0 ) , 1410±40 (26° / 0 ) , 1270*20 ( l 8° / 0 ) , 1120*30 ( l l ° / 0 ) , 930*30 (9 ° /0 ) , 670±20 ( l l ° / 0 ) , 400*20 (4 ° /0 ). I t was also observed that the 1270 keV beta ray is in coincidence with the 923 keV gamma ray. An analysis of the gamma-ray coincidence data produced the following results and conclusions: (1) the energy (in keV) and re la t iv e in tens ity (quanta per 100 d is in tegrations) of the gamma rays observed were found as 329 ( 18) , 432 (3 ) , 486 (39) , 752 (3 ) , 815 (26) , 868 (4 ) , 923 (13), 1597 (96 ) 140 (2) the 1597 keV gamma-ray tran s it io n from the f i r s t excited sta te of Ce is in coincidence with a l l gamma rays observed with energies less than 1600 keVJ (3) the 752, 815 and 923 keV gamma rays were observed to be only in coincidence with the 1597 keV gamma ray; (4) the 329, the 432 and the 868 keV gamma rays are advanced with respect to the 2080 keV level and the 486 and 1597 keV gamma rays are in cascade from the 2080 keV level to ground s ta te ; {5 ) evidence of a 655 keV tran s it io n was observed and con cluded to be advanced re la t iv e to the 2080 keV level. Analysis of the m ean-life measurements showed the m ean-life of the 2080 keV level and the 815 keV tra n s it io n to be (*t<99±0.02) x 10 ^ sec and £5 x 10 ** sec respectively. A decay scheme is proposed which is consistent with the beta-ray spectra and the observed coincidences and with the high energy gamma rays observed by other investigators.


The electric field-gradient birefringence method for determining molecular quadrupole moments, originally developed and applied to gases by Buckingham, has been extended to the study of nondipolar molecules in solution. Equipment developed for this purpose is described and infinite-dilution molar field-gradient birefringence constants at 298 K and 632.8 nm are reported for benzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, hexamethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene and hexafluorobenzene as solutes in carbon tetrachloride. Analysis of results yields the molecular quadrupole moments, which are discussed in relation to the charge distributions in these molecules. The prediction that the quadrupole moments of benzene and hexafluorobenzene are opposite in sign is verified and the nature of molecular interactions involving these molecules is considered.


We consider a second-order periodic operator with two distant perturbations on the real axis. Perturbations are real finite continuous potentials. The objective is to investigate a behavior of the eigenvalues of the perturbed operator when the distance between the potentials tends to infinity.  The study issue is an existence of perturbed eigenvalues in the case of a double limiting eigenvalue (the simple and isolated eigenvalue of a periodic operator with first potential + the simple and isolated eigenvalue of a periodic operator with а second potential).The paper aim is to construct the first terms of the asymptotic expansions of the perturbed eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions in the case of a double limiting eigenvalue.The technique to obtain the results can also find application when constructing complete asymptotic expansions of perturbed eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenfunctions. The finiteness of the distant potentials allowed us to reveal the complex exponential structure of the asymptotics obtained.The main results include the following:the first terms of the asymptotic expansions of the perturbed eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenfunctions;symmetry of the first corrections of the asymptotics of the perturbed eigenvalues with respect to zero;exponential structure of the asymptotics of perturbed eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenfunctions.


This work introduces the use of compressed sensing (CS) algorithms for data compression in wireless sensors to address the energy and telemetry bandwidth constraints common to wireless sensor nodes. Circuit models of both analog and digital implementations of the CS system are presented that enable analysis of the power/performance costs associated with the design space for any potential CS application, including analog-to-information converters (AIC). Results of the analysis show that a digital implementation is significantly more energy-efficient for the wireless sensor space where signals require high gain and medium to high resolutions. The resulting circuit architecture is implemented in a 90 nm CMOS process. Measured power results correlate well with the circuit models, and the test system demonstrates continuous, on-the-fly data processing, resulting in more than an order of magnitude compression for electroencephalography (EEG) signals while consuming only 1.9 μW at 0.6 V for sub-20 kS/s sampling rates. The design and measurement of the proposed architecture is presented in the context of medical sensors, however the tools and insights are generally applicable to any sparse data acquisition.


The article analyzes the dynamics of the formation of Ukrainian migratory space throughout the years of state independence. Special accent is placed on the analysis of transit migration flows as a new phenomenon, which emerged during the period of market reforms. The paper traces multivector flows of transit migration in Ukraine and concludes that on the territory of Ukraine was shaped a dynamic «migratory highway» of illegal transit flows.


Based on 0.5 μm UMC process, a high performance oscillator was designed. In the design of the circuit by adding the delay circuit could effectively change the duty cycle, also a divider circuit was joined to let the frequency of the output have more diversification, to meet the needs of different frequencies. Using Cadence for circuit design and Hspice software for circuit simulation, the oscillator was simulated. The results show that under the environment of typical applications in the chip system, the oscillator gets the internal synchronous oscillation frequency of 1.1 MHz; when the temperature at –40 – +125 ℃, the output frequency variation with temperature is only 4.5%; with the power supply voltage changes in 3.0–5.5 V, the change rate of the output frequency is 3.6%. The good performance of the oscillator has been successfully applied in a DC/DC step-down power-management chip.


The paper presents the simulation of transient stability of one of 56.25 MVA generator and two of 22.5 MVA generators in combined steam-gas power plant "TE-TO" Osijek synchronized with 110 kV transmission network. This power plant is electrically very close to recently reconstructed substation 400/110 kV Ernestinovo. Three phase and single-line-to-ground faults were simulated at the 400 kV and 110 kV transmission lines. DIgSILENT software for electromagnetic transients (EMT) was used to simulate transient stability during the fault and switching process. All input data for transmission lines, transformers, synchronous machines and switching devices are obtained from available databases from the HEP group. Several cases are considered: 1. Analysis of dynamic behavior of generators during the single-line-to-ground faults and three phase faults on the closest associated 110 kV line to the power plant. 2. Analysis of dynamic behavior of generators during the single-line-to-ground faults and three phase faults on the associated 400 kV line on TS 400/110 kV Operational variables such as generator speed, electrical and mechanical power, excitation voltage, frequency, currents and voltages in transmission lines were observed. Transient behavior of generators was simulated both in the case when the protection system works properly and clears the faults on transmission lines and in the case when the protection system or breakers malfunctioned. Comparison of the results was performed in order to observe the effects of the control system. Modeling of the system components by considering a very large number of relevant parameters and constants, as well as using real operational values for each model has enabled the relative accuracy in representing of all the states. Furthermore, the control system together with the protection system protects the plant from hazardous states and allowing therefore safe, good and long-life operation of all the plant components. During the simulations, the 56.25 MVA block exhibited very good transient stability to possible operational states, disturbances and faults to which the generator was exposed during the operation. Even in the worst case of a three phase line to ground fault on the closest transmission line, there were no electric and mechanical effects on the components of power plant. Waveforms of transients on the 400 kV and 110 kV transmission lines, generators frequencies, rotor speeds and rotor angles deviation caused by faults have also been presented


Different views on importance of security management, evolution of category "economic security", substance of economic security and its types are described in the article. Correlation between "security" and "resilience" concepts is defined. Areas of research on economic security are presented. Substance, roles, models and specifics of levels of ensuring economic security, its mechanism and subsystems are described. Specifics of system of ensuring economic security is defined.


and at worst, unconvincing. For instance, the author tells us a great deal about the constitutional aspects of foreign trade arbitration tribunals as institutions for the peaceful settlement of international disputes but nothing at all about their practical effectiveness, the degree of their utilization and the significance of the cases they decide. What role, if any did such tribunals play for example, in the SinoSoviet dispute The basic questions that arise from the book are the following, does a "socialist commonwealth" exist and, if it does, what are its essential characteristics and are these accessible by means of legal analysis? According to the author, the foundation for the legal unity of the "socialist nations" resides in the basic similarity of legal institutions of their countries. This in turn derives from wide acceptance of Soviet models in relation to public ownership of the means of production and, particularly relevant in the international sphere, to governmental monopoly of foreign trade and complete control over activities involving contacts with foreign countries. Hence the importance attached by him to "agencies and forms of economic relations" and to trade tribunals as instruments of conflict resolution. This reviewer, for one, remains unconvinced and doubts if these are the areas of activity that matter most in relations of Communist countries. The key to the unity of these countries is the Communist Parties, all too briefly alluded to in the closing pages of the work. From the similarity of their organizational structures and the close links binding those parties flow such resemblances as may be found in economic organization, cultural endeavours or military and political structures. When these disappear or when the links grow weaker, as in the Yugoslav or Chinese cases, economic and other relations and institutions too alter materially. But while the Community Party is the key to the unity of this Commonwealth, this too is susceptible to legal and not only to ideological analysis, and one might therefore regret that the author omitted to go into the legal aspects of party organization: party statutes, the legal position of the Party within the state and the international legal implications of this situation. The picture presented, even if cast solely in legal terms, might still have been truer to life.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the accompanying lesions of humerus greater tuberosity fracture with anterior shoulder dislocation and to analyze its clinical results. Materials and Methods: From May 2005 to November 2008, arthroscopy was performed on a total of 30 selected patients who were diagnosed with humerus greater tuberosity fracture with anterior shoulder dislocation and who were also under the age of 40. The preoperative and postoperative Constant and Rowe scores were compared. Results: There was a total of 21 cases of anteroinferior labral lesions: 2 Bankart lesions, 4 bony Bankart lesions, 4 Perthes lesions, 2 free ALPSA lesions, 3 GLAD lesions and 6 capsular tears. For other lesions, 5 rotator cuff partial tears, 3 SLAP lesions and 1 biceps tendon rupture were found. The constant scores were increased from 56.3 to 94.43 points (p


An in vitro test model was used to study the heterogeneity of tumours with respect to the sensitivity to cytostatic drugs. Methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas in mice were used. The effect of the drugs was determined as the reduction of the incorporation of H3-thymidine into drug-treated cells compared with control cells. To test the heterogeneity of the tumours, these were cut into four equal parts and each part was tested separately. In some of the tumours, the quarters differed significantly in their sensitivity to the same cytostatic treatment; in others, no such differences could be found. Both primary and serially transplanted tumours were studied. The present method revealed no differences in heterogeneity of the tumours in these two groups. The most likely explanation of these results is that the tumours are built up by different clones with different sensitivity to cytostatic drugs and that different parts of the tumours are different with respect to the distribution of clones.


Simulation-based training is often used to prepare health practitioners and is increasingly employed to train child welfare workers. This scoping review systematically searched the published and grey literature for studies that evaluated training for child welfare practitioners and used simulation methods that included standardized actors. Three studies met inclusion criteria, all documenting improvement in participants' use of specific skills. Other outcomes were mixed, possibly reflecting the heterogeneity of samples, study methods, measures, training of actors, theoretical frameworks, and content areas. Though results were mostly positive, the small number of studies indicates a substantial need for further research.


In this study, the author attempted to develop a method to estimate the area of paddy field for Heilongjiang Province of China using MODIS data. Firstly, he selected the scene of which the cloud coverage was small enough for the period of transplanting rice. Discrimination of paddy field using Ch.1 and Ch.2 only or NDVI was often unsuccessful due to the confusion with bare soil. Then, he introduced NDSI (Normalized Difference Soil Index) using Ch.1 and Ch.7 of MODIS, similarly as for NDVI using Ch.1 and Ch.2. As a result, a diagram drawn in 2-dimensional space of NDVI and NDSI showed a unique feature that almost pure pixel with bare soil and vegetation were allocated at the specific points and pure pixel of paddy was located around another corner of a triangle. In order to obtain the formula of estimating fractional coverage of paddy field in a pixel, he examined a number of distances defined in the triangle and found a capable form, which could be correlated with the constitutional ratio of paddy field in a pixel. By using this relationship, he estimated the distribution of paddy field for some selected counties in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed a pattern of distribution which was compatible with the data classified from LANDSAT-ETM+ data. This also indicated that a considerable improvement of the accuracy of estimation was attained compared with the pixel based classification of MODIS data.