This article seeks to establish, from a contemporary perspective, the map of the extra-injury damage recognized under French law in the specific hypothesis of injury to the psychophysical integrity, to prevail distinction between "harm" and the "damage," and to note how from "discovery" of "physiological damage (arising from "bodily harm"), the psycho-physical injury is seen as an event whose main result can not only extra-assessed objectively (through forensic examination and their respective scales), but also settled independently of the economic loss. Previously, settlement of such injury or answer was based exclusively on economic and wage inequities parameters. Stressing that, in comparative law, the loss or deterioration of physiological functions, which allow an objective assessment, considers at least an equal basis for all victims suffering for a same type of injury and percentage of permanent disability, without limiting a further adjustment to the case based on equity.


We utilize single-electron tunneling spectroscopy to measure the discrete energy levels in a nanometer-scale cobalt particle at T=60mK, and find effective single-electron spin g-factors ≈ 7 . 3. These large g-factors do not result from the typical orbital contribution to g-factors, since the orbital angular momentum is quenched. Instead, they are due to non-trivial many-body excitations. A kink in the plot of conductance vs. voltage and magnetic field is a signature of degenerate total spin on the particle. Spin-Orbit interactions cause the new particle eigenstates to have 'spin' that is an admixture of pure spin states. Fluctuations in the discrete energy level spacing allow for the total change in 'spin' on the particle during a single-electron tunneling event to be ∆ S ′ = 3/2, leading to a g-factor around 6.


The use of valid clinical measurement is the basis of effective clinical practice. This article investigates the concept of measurement validity by exploring face, construct, content and criterion-related validity.


By examining the spatial dependence of the Raman heterodyne signals of nuclear coherent transients of /sup 141/Pr nuclei in Pr/sup 3+/:LaF/sub 3/ in the presence of a static magnetic field (approx.100 Oe) we found evidence directly indicating that the crystal structure of LaF/sub 3/ is D/sub 3//sub d//sup 4/(P3-barc1) twinned on a macroscopic scale.


The chiral optical Tamm state is a new localized state of light at the interface between a polarization-preserving anisotropic mirror and an optically chiral medium such as a cholesteric liquid crystal. In this study the metal-free polarization-preserving mirror is used for efficient resonance control. We stress the advantage of the all-dielectric structure in obtaining high Q factor. The light is localized near the interface and the field decreases exponentially with the distance from the interface. The penetration of the field into the chiral medium is virtually blocked at wavelengths corresponding to the photonic band gap and close to the pitch of the helix. The polarization-preserving mirror has another photonic band gap as well. Our analytics agrees well with precise calculations, enabling intelligent design for laser and sensing applications.


The quantum-well resonant-tunneling diode is modeled by calculation of the Wigner distribution function. Boundary conditions applied to the Wigner function model the Ohmic contacts to the device and provide the required dissipative behavior. The Liouville equation is solved to obtain the steady-state response, or integrated to obtain the transient response. The steady-state I-V curves show the expected negative resistance, though the calculated peak-to-valley current ratio is smaller than that obtained from more conventional calculations and is smaller than the better experimental devices at low temperatures. The calculations of the detailed transient response are the first reported for a tunneling device, and resolve the question of the response time of the tunneling current. For a structure with 2.8 nm AlGaAs barriers, the current switches from its peak to its valley value in about 0.2 ps. The response time increases with the thickness of the barriers.


The invention particulate recycling sensible heat (顯 熱) of the high temperature occurring in the process of absorption to the atomization nozzle at high speed spray of the molten slag generated in the steel making plant as a mist state by mixing air and water, and then, cooling and screening relates to a slag production apparatus, when supplied to the molten slag, the molten slag formed in the control discharge rate control tundish for discharging the molten slag when supplied from the tundish and tilting, which for discharging to maintain a molten state; By spraying the high pressure of the air and water to the molten slag discharged from the discharge rate control tundish and solidifying particles high pressure spray nozzle; Slag trapping drum for collecting the granulated slag from the spray nozzle unit and; It provides the fine slag production apparatus characterized in that it comprises in the heat exchanger and the exhaust fan at the inlet side pipe of the slag collecting drum sensible heat recovery unit comprising.


This paper is discussing the effect of digital advertising on print advertising.Print and digital advertising are more qualified in reaching unexpected demographic groups in comparison to different types of advertising. Digital advertising helps cast a more extensive geographic net toward a particular sort of client, whereas traditional print advertising is frequently more compelling at driving business at a local level. However, well-informed business people and small businesses presently have the devices to figure out which half gets wasted, at least on the digital front. Advertising plays a job of communicator as well as guide them what is available and the things happening around them. The print advertisement in India incorporates diverse Medias like poster, new/spaper, magazine, hoarding, leaflet, handout, and so forth. The print advertisement in India started with black and white print in Newspaper. The transformation of monochrome wood square print into high caliber digital print took quite a while and experienced distinctive phases. The industrial insurgency and the development of technology is also in charge of the ascent of printing technology in India. After the development of digital printing technology, the quality of printing reaches the pinnacle of progress. 1. OVERVIEW Nowadays the internet is the main source of news around the world. The democracy of information is a fact; we can discover news from wherever at any time just from a tick. It became easy to access information from any source in almost no time; a great example happened in the Olympics 2016, on August fourteenth when Usain Bolt won his third back to back 100m brilliant medal, the whole world new that directly after the race wrapped up. Any reasonable person would agree that not just the digital journalists were at the Olympic stadium covering the huge final; TV channels broadcasted in many angles the triumph of the Jamaican athlete in real time. However, what changed the scenario? People who were at the stadium recorded the 100m final from their seats and spread their, besides, British watchers recorded themselves watching the final in the UK and sharing it on social media We are living in the era in which everybody is a substance maker! We can utilize a Smartphone or a GoPro camera to record minutes in the city, on our daily drive, on occasions, for example, The Olympics or of your child playing football on Sunday. Social systems are mainly spreading any sort of substance because of the tremendous number of clients; Facebook and YouTube have each more than 1 billion clients around the world. International Journal of Marketing and Management Research Vol. 8, Issue 12, December 2017, Impact Factor; 5.108 ISSN: (2229-6883) www.skirec.org Email Id: firstname.lastname@example.com Page 6 The reach of every video or post can be enormous. World more or less, some may say. To be digital has turned out to be vital to make do in the market. Then again, the great majority of traditional newspapers and magazines have incorporated a digital platform as a way to disseminate content, facing the downward pattern in circulation. On the graph "Advancement of newspaper circulation" in India obviously in the last five years the newspaper circulation in Brazil dropped over 70%, while the audience of digital issues gained relevance. In any case, the advertising investments are moving to digital channels. And this can change the scenario. Newspapers journalists are the in charge of revelation important facts and narratives because of their longhaul investigative work that is paid for the most part with money from advertising. Figure 1: Digital Advertising vs. Print Advertising Digital Advertising One major advantage of digital advertising is that it is a variable cost type of advertising, meaning that an ad campaign is all the more easily scalable to a particular settled spending amount compared to the flat expenses associated with running an ad in print. Income generated by the newspaper distributing industry in the United States has been dropping steadily lately, falling from $33.59 billion out of 2011 to a forecasted $27 billion by 2020. Web based distributing, meanwhile, has turned into an always prevalent power, with web platforms taking increasingly advertising dollars away from traditional media. Google's income from advertising has been rising steadily since 2001, reaching $95.38 billion out of 2017. Measuring effectiveness Because click-through statistics are part of any online advertising campaign – and sales statistics from your site can enable bind to transformation rates – business proprietors have no inconvenience observing Internet campaigns' viability. Deciding the impact of a print campaign can be a more elusive suggestion. A few businesses incorporate coupons to track reaction rates in print advertising, while others test individual publications' ability to reach clients by advertising just in a solitary title at any given moment. Performance Online advertising is similar to broadcast advertising in the fact that once a client is presented to the advertisement, it immediately reaches the finish of its lifespan. Print advertisements are affixed to a tangible medium, they're significantly more permanent. Because of this, a solitary print advertisement may make numerous impacts on the same reader who sees it more International Journal of Marketing and Management Research Vol. 8, Issue 12, December 2017, Impact Factor; 5.108 ISSN: (2229-6883) www.skirec.org Email Id: firstname.lastname@example.com Page 7 than once and may gain additional introduction through pass-along readership, advantages that aren't available to advertisers that depend on intangible Internet advertising. Flexibility Because of its permanence, once you finalize a print campaign it's irrevocably set in motion. Online advertisements offer much more flexibility because you can modify nearly all their attributes in real time. This flexibility allows you to test ad copy and images, fine-tuning your campaign to find the most effective assets and allocate resources to the most cost-effective keywords. This flexibility also allows advertisers to salvage a campaign that isn't performing up to its expectations, a luxury that isn't available to businesses that rely solely on print marketing. 2. TYPES OF PRINT MEDIA


An analysis is made of the adaptation of a quasioptimal binary receiver of laser radiation pulses to variations of the atmospheric turbulence level. Computer results of modeling of an optical communication line confirmed the advisability of adaptation in the real atmosphere.


The single-sideband to carrier power ratio L(f) and the phase fluctuations spectral density Sδϕ(f) are two convenient means of characterising the spectral purity of oscillators, and, for low-modulation indices, numerically Sδϕ = 2L, the letter briefly reviews the fundamental concepts and extends the above relationship to any modulation depth. Theoretical results for frequency modulation by bandlimited white Gaussian noise are presented. Computations are discussed and dimensional aspects have been checked experimentally.


This study characterises the links between research and practice across 12 projects concerned with the collaborative design of lesson plans by teacher communities (TCs). Analyses focused on sources of knowledge used to inform lesson design, participants' roles and knowledge generated by the teacher community. Three patterns emerged pertaining to the sources of knowledge informing lesson plans: design guided by formal and practical knowledge, by classroom-data and practical knowledge or by a combination of all three. Findings further suggest that the emphasis given to the use of formal knowledge over classroom-data or vice versa restrains the full accomplishment of research and practice links. Across the projects studied, university researchers contributed to linking research and practice by directly or indirectly supporting community activities. Surprisingly, the role of teachers in the generation and dissemination of formal knowledge was limited. Further research should explore the effects of collaboration within TCs on researchers and policy-makers.


Image reading techniques for high speed, high resolution document scanners were studied. The study covered high-speed line scanning using charge coupled device (CCD) image sensors, high intensity illumination system, improvement of modulation transfer function (MTF) of scanning optical system, and reliable document handling mechanism. This paper also discusses a document scanner made to demonstrate the study results. The scanner read documents at 1 second per document and 11.8 picture elements per millimeter (pels/mm) of resolution, and had more than 0.5 of the MTF. A newly developed document feed mechanism reduced the feed error rate to less than 0.05% and assured a document throughput of 60 pages/min.


Better enrollment and decision methodology realize improved legitimate outcomes. With reference to this one of a kind circumstance, the investigation paper entitled Recruitment and Selection has been set up to put a light on Recruitment and Selection process. The essential objective is to perceive general practices that affiliations use to enlist and pick delegates and, to choose how the selection and decision practices impact progressive outcomes at SMC Global Securities Ltd. The assessment framework associated is the exploratory. The data was accumulated through all around composed reviews. The wellspring of data was both fundamental and discretionary. Test size was 30. Data examination has been done with the help of SPSS programming. The association considered portals the most noteworthy method of getting delegates. The delegates working in the association consider the laborer references are one of the most trustworthy wellspring of obtaining the new agents. Association reliably takes in idea the cash sparing bit of leeway extent.


Impact investing is a new developmental paradigm in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS), and its effective implementation is a fundamental factor in securing stable and innovative economic development at the national level. With impact investing, investors look to generate positive social and environmental impacts alongside financial returns. The current study reveals the innovative mechanisms of impact investing, namely, financial and economic tools and new business technologies. It also explores the diverse ways in which impact investment capital can be leveraged in BRICS countries. The results indicate the advantages and problems inherent in impact investing, as well as the main directions in which this type of investing can develop. The current study examines the development of impact investing in BRICS countries. It also touches upon the role of impact investing in the development of their economies and identifies the main problems inherent in implementing impact investing there.


ABSTRACT The availability of water in space and time in the command area may be imprecise and unpredictable due to uncertainty in the inflows into the reservoir due to rainfall. The impreciseness and uncertainty can be tackled effectively with the fuzzy logics. In the present study, the multi-objective fuzzy linear programming (MOFLP) has been formulated for crop planning in the command area of Kakrapar right bank canal, under Ukai Irrigation Project, Gujarat, India. The objective of the study is to develop a Linear programming irrigation planning model and apply the same in MOFLP. The linear programming models have been developed for two objectives, net benefits and crop production with the set of constraints. The objectives have been formulated for optimal allocation of areas of different crops in the command area. The linear membership functions have been developed from the LP results and objectives were fuzzified over the tolerance range. The results of LP and MOFLP have been compared. Considering both the objectives together, a compromise solution has been arrived with a satisfaction level, λ=0.501.


Connecting with the working practice, this paper sums up some key points needing attention in university library's accession of books, and expounds the importance of strengthening the diathesis cultivation of the personnel engaged in accession of books for providing some references for the personnel engaged in accession of books.


A method and apparatus for protecting a string of solar cells from shading in a solar panel having a plurality of strings of solar cells are described. Electric current is shunted around any string of the solar cells having at least one shaded solar cell by shunting the electric current through electrical conductors and a bypass diode located in a perimeter margin of a substrate supporting the solar cells such that no matter which string has a shaded solar cell current through the string with the shaded solar cell is shunted through electrical conductors and a respective bypass diode located in the perimeter margin. This distributes dissipation of heat from respective bypass diodes that are associated with strings having at least one shaded solar cell, to different locations around the perimeter margin.


Introduction: Waste incineration is increasingly used to reduce waste volume and produce electricity. Several incinerators have recently been proposed in Australia and community groups are concerned about health impacts. An overview of the evidence on health effects has been needed.


What we learn during the first years of our life influences the whole our life very much. That's why in my bachelor work I deal with pre- school children and thein progression in abilities for graphic performance in the Kindergarten of 24 th April in Veseli nad Moravou. In the practical part of my work I Cheb up the results of this projekt and I'd like to find how effective i tis for elementary school pupils hen Theky start attending thein first form. The aim of my work is to show how efficient my method is and at the same time I find good and bad aspekt of my methods.


While it is one thing to design an Instagram post and publish it, crafting a launch strategy and implementing it successfully is an entirely different matter. Rick O'Neill gives 10 top insider tips for launching just about anything on social media


Thermal performance of the pin-fin heat sink cooled by natural convection is numerically investigated when the fin density is allowed to vary along the flow direction. The distribution of the fin density is thermally optimized by using a compact modeling method, in which the pin-fin heat sink is modeled as a fluid-saturated porous medium. In the porous region, the volume-averaged governing equations are used; the Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy equation for fluid flow and the one-equation model for heat transfer. Based on the analogy between convective heat transfer between the fin and air and that carried by the fluid flowing through the porous medium, a new model for the effective thermal conductivity is proposed. The proposed model is validated by the experimental data available in literature and the numerical results obtained from a direct numerical simulation. For minimal thermal resistance, optimization is conducted using the Kriging method under the constraint of fixed base plate and fin height dimensions. As a result, the optimal distribution of the fin density is obtained as a function of the porosity (ϕ) along the flow direction. The optimal distribution of the fin density is found to be monotonically increasing from ϕ = 0.898 to ϕ = 0.946, which indicates the densely-populated fins in the lower part and the coarsely-populated fins in the upper part. Consequently, the optimized pin-fin heat sink with variable fin density has 11% lower thermal resistance and 30% less weight than those of the uniformly-populated pin-fin heat sink with ϕ = 0.891 optimized using an existing correlation. Owing to its improved thermal performance and reduced weight, the pin-fin heat sink with variable fin density is expected to be a promising solution for more efficient thermal management of electronics cooled by natural convection.


An arid climate is a unique condition that has a significant impact on the growth of crops and natural vegetation. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is a crucial remotely sensed measurement of greenness due to its strong correlation with crop and vegetation growth and productivity. In the present study, the spatiotemporal dynamics of NDVI were analyzed from 2000 to 2021 in the segment of the arid western plain zone of Rajasthan, India. NDVI time-series data, as well as data related to climatic factors, viz., precipitation, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and 2-m air temperature, were collected from Giovanni, the Goddard Earth Science dataset. The Mann–Kendall (MK) trend test and Sen's slope depicted the long-term continuous time–frequency trend, while Karl Pearson's correlation analysis depicted the significant relationship between all the factors except 2-m air temperature. The seasonal and mean monthly results of all the factors except 2-m air temperature showed considerable coherence with NDVI. The multiscale time–frequency decomposition or wavelet analysis depicted the fifth to the seventh month and the ninth to the 15th month of the cycle, showing the significance of the cropping pattern and the natural vegetation growth cycle. The cross-wavelet analysis further depicted important coherence, leading, and lagging phases among climatic factors and NDVI. Our research provided significant insights into the long-term variability and coherence of various climatic factors with NDVI that are applicable on regional and global scales.


The subject of this research is examination of the activity of the Soviet pedagogues in teaching foreign students based on the materials of the Mongolian worker's faculty. The object of this research is the Soviet-Mongolian cooperation in educational sphere that developed in the 1920s – 1930s. The Mongolian worker's faculty was formed in Verkhne-Udinsk for teaching Mongolian and Tuvan students. It is noted that the academic staff was represented by the prominent pedagogues of the Buryat ASSR. The teaching of foreign students was carried out within the framework of international cooperation and allowed distributing Soviet ideology. The Mongolian People's Republic and Tuvan People's Republic viewed the USSR as the model for further development. The analysis of activity of the pedagogues of Mongolian worker's faculty allowed reveals the key vectors of work with foreign students from the Mongolian People's Republic and the Tuvan People's Republic. Besides intense educational and upbringing activity, the teaching staff paid special attention to the adaptation of students and formation of worldview in the spirit of socialist values. The authors' special contribution lies in determination of the peculiarities of organizing political and educational activity in the institution. The novelty of this consists in examination of the contribution of the pedagogues of the Mongolian worker's faculty to the establishment of friendly relations with the neighboring states – Mongolia and Tuva.


The article identified the relevance of the issue of the sources of law. Approaches to understand the sources of the law and the determination of their species are found and concluded. Identified problem of correlation between the concepts of "rights" as the source of all that is right and "form of law" as everything is described with specific tasks


In this paper we examine the way Simenon uses violent images of water in Long cours (1936). This exotic novel tells the wanderings of Joseph Mittel who leaves France with Germaine, wanted for murder. Through the analysis of the incipit and the passage about the first days of Mittel as a stoker on the boat of a smuggler we show that Simenon creates a network of references in order to elucidate the failure of the exotic experience of the main character. This allows us to reflect on Simenon's writing process as well.


Government-financed bank restructuring programs, occasionally costing up to 50% of GDP, are commonly used to resolve banking crises. We analyze the Ramsey-optimal paths of bank recapitalization programs that weigh recapitalization benefits and costs under different financing options. In our model bank credit is essential, due to a working capital constraint on firms, and banks are financial intermediaries that borrow from households and lend to firms. A banking crisis produces a disruption of credit and a fall in output equivalent to those in developing countries affected by banking crises. Full recapitalization of the banking system immediately after the crisis is optimal only if international credit is available. One-shot recapitalization is not optimal with domestically-financed programs, even if the government has access to non-distortionary taxes. The welfare cost of a crisis is substantial: the equivalent permanent decline in the no-crisis steady state consumption ranges between 0.51% and 0.65%, depending on the source of financing the recapitalization program.


Surgical treatment is one of the best approaches to provide a better cure for lung cancer patients. Despite the technological advancements, the increase in lung cancer recurrence rate urges the development of an early-stage predictive model. Therefore, we carried out machine learning algorithms to predict post-operative recurrence in lung cancer patients. It is to note that 80% of patient data was used for the model development and 20% of patient data was used for validation of the model. Besides, the important parameters were found using the extra tree classifier and correlation analysis. Notably, OS, DFS time and tumor size were ensured higher importance during the feature selection process. Random forest achieved the highest accuracy score of 96% than the other algorithms investigated in this study. Indeed, prior consideration of the important features together with the random forest algorithm will help surgeons to make effective treatment progress in lung cancer patients.


The efficiency of coagulation treatment on paper mill wastewater by polyaluminum chloride was studied based on comparing normal coagulants.The results showed that there is distinct efficient on paper mill wastewater treatment by polyaluminum chloride.


This paper addresses the question if physical infrastructure and personnel infrastructure (i.e. human capital) are positively related to economic output. Relevant theoretical literature provides a variety of arguments concerning a positive impact of infrastructure endowment on economic out-put. First, infrastructure is a production input and raises productivity of firms or reduces their marginal costs. Second, an advanced and efficient infrastructure endowment is a competitive asset and helps to improve factor allocation. Third, the New Economic Geography points out that infrastructure has the potential to reduce disparities among regions by the diffusion of knowledge spillovers. Marginal output effects are likely to decrease, regarding an increasing infrastructure endowment. The effect will be negative if there is an overinvestment in physical infrastructure, as is the case for transport infrastructures in Germany. Empirical results concerning the relationship between physical infrastructure endowment and economic output are ambiguous. A shortfall of most infrastructure studies is their missing solution to the problem of endogeneity. This paper presents a way to address the problem of endogeneity more properly. Using data on 16 federal states in Germany an empirical analysis of infrastructural output effects based on a Panel Vector Autocorrelation Model (PVAR) is conducted for the period from 1993 to 2005. This analysis offers practical benefits for economic policy. With respect to the recently ratified economic stimulus package and the vast infrastructure investments of the last 20 years in East Germany it is fundamentally important to observe if the expansion of physical infrastructure will further contribute to economic growth and if the infrastructure endowment of East Germany causes larger output effects than they would in West Germany. As a result of this analysis the last question can be answered with yes. While total transport infra-structure (throughout all states) causes negative output effects and implies an overinvestment, transport infrastructures in East Germany have a positive impact. Contrarily, human capital causes larger output effects in West German than in East German States.


In this paper, a hybrid transmission system is presented for variable-speed constant-frequency wind turbines (WTs). This approach employs an electrically controlled speed regulating differential mechanism (SRDM) so that the synchronous generator is able to rotate at a stable speed and, thus, generate electricity in constant frequency regardless of the changing wind rotor speed. In order to find out the operating performance of the proposed SRDM-based WT, a detailed 1.5 MW simulation model is established by which the speed-regulating accuracy, the electrical harmonic pollutions, and the system low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability are all studied in depth and then compared with those of the existing direct-drive or double-fed wind power systems. Simulation results indicate that, under various wind conditions, SRDM can efficiently regulate the output power frequency with satisfactory deviations by using a low-power (less than 262 kW) permanent magnet synchronous motor. Compared to the existing WTs, the 5th, 7th, 11th, and 13th current harmonics of the proposed WT are all ideally reduced to 0.4% of the fundamental current. Moreover, around 0.45 p.u., reactive power can be provided for the rapid recovery of the grid during severe voltage sags. The output power quality, system transient stability, and LVRT capability are all improved. Theoretical analysis and case studies give good verifications of the feasibility and superiority of the proposed SRDM-based WT.In this paper, a hybrid transmission system is presented for variable-speed constant-frequency wind turbines (WTs). This approach employs an electrically controlled speed regulating differential mechanism (SRDM) so that the synchronous generator is able to rotate at a stable speed and, thus, generate electricity in constant frequency regardless of the changing wind rotor speed. In order to find out the operating performance of the proposed SRDM-based WT, a detailed 1.5 MW simulation model is established by which the speed-regulating accuracy, the electrical harmonic pollutions, and the system low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability are all studied in depth and then compared with those of the existing direct-drive or double-fed wind power systems. Simulation results indicate that, under various wind conditions, SRDM can efficiently regulate the output power frequency with satisfactory deviations by using a low-power (less than 262 kW) permanent magnet synchronous motor. Compared to the existing WTs, the...


HIV/AIDS pandemic awareness among adolescents, no doubt is of great importance to the developed and the developing countries. The major objective of this study was the investigation of HIV/AIDS awareness among adolescents in Edo State Nigeria, with specific focus on urban and rural dwellers, sex and the age of the adolescents. The survey method was adopted for the study. A well structured questionnaire was designed to elicit information on the respondents level of HIV/AIDS awareness. Three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Data was analysed using percentages and T-test. Results showed no significant difference between urban and rural dwellers in their HIV/AIDS awareness level. Sex and age of respondents did not significantly determine their level of HIV/AIDS awareness. It is recommended that in addition to existing structures and effort being made by government and non-governmental agencies to sensitize the people about the HIV/AIDS scourge, there should be home/school visitations by Health workers, with a view to reaching every individual in the community irrespective of age. During such visits emphasis should be on educating the people on the causes, mode of transmission, prevention and effects of HIV/AIDS pandemic.


For one hundred and forty-four years (or from 1796 to 1940) a certain drug store did business in the town of Beverly, Massachusetts, in the same location, for all but the first two years of this long span. To the writer's generation it was known as Baker's Drug Store, and it stood on the corner of Washington and Cabot streets. In 1796, when Robert Rantoul started his shop, there was no Washington Street and Cabot was called Country Lane. But the young man chose his business and its location well and when, an old man, he came to review his life for his grandchildren, he could point with pride to the success of this and his other ventures.


We prove that all isometric actions of higher rank simple Lie groups and their lattices on arbitrary uniformly convex Banach spaces have a fixed point. This vastly generalises a recent breakthrough of Oppenheim. Combined with earlier work of Lafforgue and of Liao on strong Banach property (T) for non-Archimedean higher rank simple groups, this confirms a long-standing conjecture of Bader, Furman, Gelander and Monod. As a consequence, we deduce that sequences of Cayley graphs of finite quotients of a higher rank lattice are super-expanders.


FERNO, A. and HOLM, M. 1986. Aggression and growth of Atlantic salmon parr. I. Different stocking densities and size groups. EskDir. Skr. Ser. HnuUlzders., 18: 113-122. , . I h e aggressive hehaviour and growth of salmon parr under crowded rearing conditions was studied at four dif i rent densities. One or several fish per aquarium was dominant, displaying a kind of territorial defence and committing a significant part of the observed aggressive acts. Large subordinate fish were more aggressive than small fish at all densities. The ratio between the number of performed and received aggressive actions was about the same for large and small subordinate fish at the lowcst density, but with increasing density this ratio became higher for large parr. Small fish grew slower than large fish at the highest density and suffered generally from a higher mortality. Factors other than aggression also seemed to inlluence growth, as both the growth rate and number of aggressive acts per fish decreased with increasing density. INTROIIUCTION Parr of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) are territorial under natural conditions (KEENLEYSIDE and YAMAMOTO 1962). The aggressive behaviour might be a negative factor in the cultivation of salmon parr. A negative correlation between growth rate and density under crowded rearing conditions has been found in salmon (LINDROTH 1972, REFSTIE and KITTELSEN 1976), rainbow trout (BRAUHN, SIMON and BRIDGES 1976, KILAMBI, * This paper was Grst presented at the national symposium ((Behaviour ofmarine animals)) held at Solstrand, Os, Norway, 9-10 February 1983. ADAMS, BROWN and WICKIZER 1977, REFSTIE 1977), and coho salmon (FACERLUND, MCBRIDE and STONE 1981). I t has often bccn assumed (e.g. REFSTIE and KITTELSEN 1976) that suppression of growth by aggressive behaviour was involved. BROWN (1946a) demonstrated that maximum growth in early stages of brown trout took place under moderate densities. Low densities led to suppressed growth of the smallest individuals, presumably due to some kind of social Ilierarchy, whereas there was a general suppression of grocvth at high densities. An optimum degree of crocvcling was also found in 2-year-old trout (BROWN 1946b). Tile aggrcssive behaviour of salmon parr has earlier been stucliccl in the laboratory (c.g. KEENLEYSIDE and YAMOMOT~ 1962, FENIIERSON ancl CARPENTER 1971), but until now, there has bccn no systematic study on the aggressive behaviour of'salmon parr under the crowded conditions typical in aquaculture. The present study was therefore undertaken. The aggressive beha\~iour at different densities was investigated, and the aggressive activity of large and small parr was compared. The relationship beteveen the aggressive behaviour and the growth rate was also studied. MATERIALS ,-\XI) ~IE'I'HOUS Seconcl-generation hatchery-reared fish were used in the experiment. 'The eggs came from a cornmercial fish farmer at Hitra in middle Norway, and the parent fish originated fi-om a river in the same area. The eggs wcrc hatched in January 1975 at the field experiment station in Matre, near Bcrgen. The fish were about one year old at the start of the experiment in January 1976. The aquaria were semi-oval fiber glass tanks with a glass fiont. The water inlet was on the backside, with an inflow of about 4 Ilmin, and the outlet was on the concave bottom. The bottom was covered with a perforated aluminium plate providing a horizontal floor of 4820 cm"evc1 with the bottom of the wi~ldow. The watcr depth was 40 cm, giving a volulnc of about 200 1. The temperature was around 10' C, and the oxygen saturation varied betcveen 82 and 94%. The source of illuminatiol~ was 100 W white fluorescent lights placed on top of each aquarium, and the photoperiod was 12 hrs starting at 0800 hours. 'The fish wcrc fed to satiation by hand three tirncs a day clurirlg week days, at 0830, 1200, and 1500 hours. 0 1 1 Saturdays the fish wcrc fed only once, at 1200. No feeding was done on Sundays. The aquaria were stocked at initial densities of 255 g (120 parr) at density A, 505 g (229 parr) at density B, 1005 g (393 parr) at density C, and 2000 g (878 parr) at density 1). T h e initial length of the parr varied between 40 and 94 mm. In order to distinguish large fish from small fish, all fish of the least 71 mm length were freeze-branded with liquid nitrogen on both sides of the body under the adipose fin. The estimation of growth rate of large and small parr was based directly on the freeze-branding. When comparing the aggressive activity, the fact that some of the unmarked fish had outgrown sonle of thc marked fish, during the course of the rxpcriment, had to be considered. 'The number of large fish in cach aquariunl was thcreforc defined as the mcan between number of marked fish at the beginning of the experimcllt and numbcr of marked fish plus number of unmarked fish larger than the smallest marked fish at the cnd of tlic cxpcriment. Unmarked fish clearly larger than the smallest marked fish were recorded as ((large)) during the observations. The observations of fish hehaviour started three days after stocking. Observations were made four clays a week for cight weeks. Tlle experiment was then terminatcd, and the length and weight of thc fish werc recorded. During the observations, the laboratory was in clarkncss. The observations began at 1000 hours. The aquaria were obser\led in rotation to avoid systematic errors. 'The obscrvation time was 15 min/aquarium/obscrvatio~~ day. This was divided into two periods: 10 mill for obscrvation of the whole aquarium and 5 min for observation of the special observation volume. This volumc was delineated by two parallcl lines 20 cm apart on the wi~ldow pane and bottom at the ccntcr of cach aquarium, 411 fish could be observed with reasorlable accuracy in this restricted volume, and the reliability of the observations from the ~vholc aquarium could in this way 11c cstimatcd. The number of fish in thc special ohservatioi~ volume ivas recorded bcforc an observation. The obscrvations were recorded on magnetic tape and later transcribed. The following aggrcssi\lc bchaviour patterns wcre recorded: Atlack an approach towards another fish followed by a blte Clzarge an approach not followed by bite Nzp a b ~ t c not preceded by an approch Cl~nse at least two successive attacks tolvarcls a flreing fish Frontal and lateral displays (KEENLEYSIDE cind YAMOMOTO 1962) wcre also obscrved, but it was not possible to record thesc hehaviour pattcrns systematically ~lnder the lligll dcllsitics in the cxpcrlment.


The biopharmaceutical manufacturer of the future is nimble by design to rapidly adapt to new products and improved processes. The facility is primed with technical proficiency to anticipate consequences of process improvements, characterization of their current capabilities, flexibility to rapidly introduce new technology and expertise to mitigate risk. Recombinant protein manufacturing to date has primarily been orientated for timely delivery of exclusive large-volume products, 'blockbusters' to patients with access to the highest standard of care. Process development for the most part has focused on the regulatory requirements for quality, safety and efficacy. Thus, manufacturing science has evolved around issues such as elimination of animal-derived products, extractable leachables, and process qualification for viral and prion safety. Process development has achieved culture titers and recovery yields needed for a commercially viable process [1]. Thus, in the interest of speed to market, single-product facilities were built and more complex manufacturing efficiency issues were given secondary consideration. The future of recombinant protein products will include biosimilars, regional manufacturing and smaller volume, specialized products in multiproduct facilities, as biopharmaceutical manufactures strive to deliver drugs to a more diverse patient population at cheaper cost. As with most maturing industries, manufacturing efficiency will become more important. The biotechnology facility of the future will probably not be a 'green field' new installation. It could be an existing facility owned by a biopharmaceutical manufacturer, a facility acquired through merger or acquisition, or one rented from a contract manufacturing organization. It will probably be a hybrid with a layout suitable for single-use equipment, and piping and utilities for installed stainless steel equipment with reduced clean-inplace (CIP) and steam-in-place (SIP) systems [2]. Selection of the facility will depend on modifications required, portfolio of products manufactured and the new process fit. Facility modification will continue with adjacent areas such as warehouses and lobbies being added to the clean area of the facility and closed systems being installed in uncontrolled space. In addition, the demand for each product and facility staffing will often determine the best value along with the process flow diagram and regulatory requirements. Equipment selection to optimize return on investment will require analysis of each unit operation. For example, selecting a new bioreactor would need consideration of at least three options: single-use plastic, automated stainless steel or hybrid stainless steel surrounded by single-use auxiliary equipment to simplify CIP and SIP. For a multiproduct facility, each option will need analysis of the capital, component, raw material and utility costs for four operating modes: production, turnaround between batches, product changeovers and idle. The best decision could be different in a facility that operates one shift 5 days a week with a high value to minimizing the time to turnaround equipment than in a 24 × 7 operation where CIP and SIP can be accomplished Biopharmaceutical manufacturing and flexible design: what does the future hold?


Hebei province should understand,utilize and integrate its own resources and create its own particular brand in the development strategy of implementing brand company and brand thriving.The specific methods are to create local brand agriculture and improve the competetiveness of agricultral products with the help of favorable resources in the country,to create local cultural brand and name brand tourism,stimulate the competetiveness of old name brand to realize the rapid development of local economy by making good use of Yanzhao cultural resources.


States that broadband radar is a relatively recent technology which is finding many new applications such as sensing the position and movement of objects in and around vehicles, fluid level measurement in storage tanks, and detecting intruders. Its advantages over competing technologies (ultrasonics, optical and conventional radar) include: low cost implementation; very low power consumed and radiated; accurate position information; unobtrusive, i.e. radar can be mounted within a sealed plastic enclosure; tolerant of dust, spray and other contaminants. Describes the application of broadband radar to consumer, automotive and industrial sensing, and illustrates how a sensor can be used in two modes, first to sense intrusion within a volume and, second, to provide a distance measuring capability.


Latin American taxation has been one of the enduring and continuing interests in my professional life, an interest that has stretched over a half a century. My first published papers on that topic were in the mid 1960s. My most recent ones were published recently. I also coedited a book on the topic for the IDB, published in 2008, which contained some of my own writing, and contributed the introductory chapter to another recent book on the same topic. See Bernardi et al. editors, 2008. In addition to this more "academic" work, I published two popular books, in 2007 and 2010, on Latin American countries. Both contain several references to and observations on taxes in several Latin American countries. See references.


An interdisciplinary, semester-long project is presented in which students grow Cucumis sativus (cucumber) plants from seeds and study the ability of the plants to remediate a heavy metal from contaminated soil or water or both. Phytoremediation strategies for environmental cleanup are presented as possible alternatives to chemical based clean-up methods. The project is presented to the students as a general topic, and the students or instructor can choose which experimental variables to study. The results of the projects presented here focused on the remediation of Cr(III) from aqueous media and Cr(II), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) from contaminated soil. This project introduces students to the concepts of phytoremediation, the use of atomic absorption spectroscopy for the analysis of metals ions, and research methodology.


A discharge regime could be described based on the recording and analysis of digitized real-time sequences of the electrical signals. These signals were compared with the ones obtained using an ultrasonic diagnostic. The ultrasonic transducer easily detected partial discharges at corona threshold having a charge in the range of 200 pC. Discharge events consisting of a single pulse had a very consistent and reproducible ultrasonic signature. A single oscillating wave was produced exhibiting a fast damping over periods ranging from 30 to 50 ms. The ultrasonic method does-not permit the discrimination of multiple discrete isolated discharge events consisting of several single pulses occurring over the 1-ms frame. However, pulse sequences were observed to greatly affect the signatures.


The paper is concerned with a task and resource allocation in a complex of parallel operations with two kinds of unknown parameters: uncertain parameters characterized by an expert in the form of certainty distributions and random parameters described by probability distributions (probability densities). It has been shown how to apply the theory of uncertain variables in the problem under consideration. Two versions of the optimal allocation problem formulation and solution have been described. A simple example illustrating a resource distribution for a complex of operations with uncertain and random execution times has been presented.


To the Editor:— In the Sept. 14, 1957, issue ofThe Journal, page 121, Dr. A. S. Jackson casts doubt on the efficacy of thyroid preparations that are more than three months old. Based upon stability studies of Armour thyroid conducted by our own control department, as well as by "outside" laboratories, we are obliged to take issue with Jackson's remarks insofar as they apply to Armour thyroid products. Being pioneers in the field of thyroid therapy, we have had the opportunity of conducting rather extensive long-term stability studies on regular production batches of Armour thyroid preparations. Thyroid lots up to 17 years of age have demonstrated complete stability when tested by both the U. S. P. XV chemical assay and by biological methods. Clinical stability reports have been no less impressive. The officially required U. S. P. XV assay is a sodium thiosulfate-starch titration to determine the iodine content


Abstract The present study is the first investigation in Japan to monitor the interstitial hygrothermal environment of a straw bale wall at various depths and heights. Extensive interstitial monitoring has been conducted on a straw bale building in Kyotango City, Kyoto Prefecture known as "Shinrinnobokujo-tango". The purpose of the present study is three-fold: (1) Determine if the interstitial hygrothermal environment of Shinrinnobokujo-tango's south straw bale wall is homogenous, (2) elucidate the interstitial hygrothermal environment of the south wall, and (3) evaluate the potential for mold growth. As a result of the study, the interstitial hygrothermal environment was found to vary by height and depth. In winter, the interstitial area with the lowest temperature and highest relative humidity was the upper, exterior portion of the wall. In summer, the area with the lowest temperature and highest relative humidity was the lower, interior portion of the wall. Mold growth was predicted within the straw bale wall, with the greatest risk being the upper, exterior portion of the wall in winter and lower, interior portion of the wall in summer. These results suggest the need to control moisture in straw bale walls in Japan.


The 10-day period allowed to providers for comment on the factual accuracy of draft reports is a critical phase. The recent changes to this process are easily missed, but may mean a difference betw...


This article discusses a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of a high-performance research platform. The assessment is carried out for the example of the "Informatika" Center for Collective Use (CCU) established at the Federal Research Center of the Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of Sciences, for solving new materials synthesis problems. The main objective of the "Informatika" Center for Collective Use is to conduct research using the software and hardware of the data center of the FRC IU RAS, including for the benefit of third-party organizations and research teams. The general characteristics of the "Informatika" Center for Collective Use are presented, including the main characteristics of its scientific equipment, work organization and capabilities. The hybrid high-performance computing cluster of the FRC CSC RAS (HHPCC) is part of the data center of the FRC IU RAS and also part of the "Informatika" Center for Collective Use. HHPCC provides computing resources in the form of cloud services as software (SaaS) and platform (PaaS) services. With the aid of special technologies, scientific services are delivered to researchers in the form of subject-oriented applications. Based on the analysis of the structure and operation principles of the Informatika Center, key performance indicators of the Center have been developed taking into account its specific tasks in order to characterize its various activity aspects (development, activities and performance). CCU efficiency evaluation implies calculation, on the basis of the developed indicators, of overall (generalized) indicators that characterize the CCU operation efficiency in various areas. An integral indicator is also calculated showing the overall CCU efficiency. To develop the overall performance indicators and the integral performance indicator, it is suggested to use the methods of weighted average and analysis of hierarchies. The procedure of determining partial performance indicators has been considered. Specific features of the choice of CCU performance indicators for solving new materials synthesis problems have been identified that characterize computing complex capabilities in the creation of a virtualization environment (peak performance of a computing system, real performance of a computing system on specialized tests, equipment loading with applied tasks and program code efficiency).


Steam methane reformer (SMR) based hydrogen production facilities are highly capital intensive because they are custom-designed and are built using one-at-a-time fabrication techniques. Capital costs account for 70-85% of the total per unit hydrogen costs for on-site systems in the 50 kg/h and below capacity range. Opportunities exist for significant reductions in product hydrogen costs by introducing advanced design technologies such as Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA). An SMR based system designed using the DFMA approach is expected to significantly reduce the capital cost by minimizing the overall part count, simplifying the design, and optimizing the assembly process. Praxair, in cooperation with the US Department of Energy (DOE), has completed the study phase of a system developed using this approach. This paper presents an overview of the impact of this approach on the system design and the overall cost for the small on-site production of hydrogen.


In this paper, taking a high-speed permanent magnet generator (HSPMG) as an example, the unbalanced load limit of HSPMG is studied based on the analysis of the electromagnetic and temperature fields of the generator. The influences of different degrees of unbalance currents on the losses of the generator are studied, and the influence mechanisms of unbalance currents on the losses of the rotor sleeve and permanent magnet are revealed. Based on the theory of fluid dynamics and heat transfer, the temperature field distribution of HSPMG under the unbalanced load condition is studied, and the non-linear relation between the current unbalance and the temperature field of HSPMG is determined. Finally, the load unbalance resistant limit of HSPMG is determined. These conclusions can provide a reference for determining the unbalanced load limit of HSPMG. It is also helpful for improving the reliability of HSPMG under abnormal working conditions.


In this paper, we present a work on dynamic equation of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) derived from the Peyrard–Bishop (PB) model oscillator chain for various dynamical solitary wave solutions. In order to construct novel soliton solutions in the DNA dynamic PB model with beta-derivative, the efficiency of the newly developed algorithms is being investigated, which could include a new auxiliary equation strategy (NAES). Some precise soliton solutions comprising dark, light and other forms of multi-wave soliton solutions are achieved via the proposed methods. Furthermore, mathematical models demonstrate the singularity of our work in comparison to current literary materials and even describe some results using the classic Peyrard–Bishop model. All the established results contribute to the possibility of extending the approach to solve other nonlinear equations of fractional space–time derivatives in nonlinear sciences. The strategy that has been proposed recently is specific and is being employed to produce novel closed-form solutions for all many other FNLEEs.


Wireless access of the Internet enables users to experience Web access, multimedia communication and entertainment services. These services will be assessable from a range of networks dependent on the QoS requirements of the application and location, which could be in the office, home or "on the move". This paper presents an architecture to support end user control of QoS over heterogeneous wireless networks. These wireless access networks will consist of various types and generations of cellular networks, and wireless local and personal area networks. The architecture described in this paper proposes a wireless resource manager that selects the "always best connected" access network technology consistent with the QoS requirements of the application, availability of network and service costs. It also supports dynamic allocation of access network preventing forced termination of session and allowing users to move between heterogeneous networks within sessions.


The center thickness of lens is an important parameter of optical systems. Its precision directly influences the imaging quality of optical system. In order to test the thickness of lens center conveniently, this paper introduces a photoelectric instrument to measure the thickness by interference method and introduces the principle of this test method. A automatic centralizer has been adopted in the fixture to achieve the precision requirement. This device has the function of automatical calibration of the lens center automatically. Therefore the measurement precision can be improved to 3 μm.


To evaluate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk factors and to serotype the strains in Wuwei, located in north‐western China, which has a high incidence of gastric cancer.


Ergosterol, a component of fungal cell membrane, has been frequently detected as an indicator of fungal presence and mass in environmental samples like soil. However, its detection in major pathogenic fungal species has not been investigated. In this study, the ergosterol contents of ten pathogenic fungal species were determined. Liquid chromatography was used for the detection and quantification of ergosterol extracted from fungal broth cultures. Results showed that ergosterol eluted as a single, well resolved peak in the chromatogram profiles of all tested fungi. Based upon relative amounts of ergosterol produced per fungal mycelial dry weight, three groups of fungal pathogens were identified, namely low ergosterol (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans at 4.62, 6.29 and 7.08 µg/mg respectively), medium ergosterol (Fusarium solani, Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Cryptococcus gattii and Rhizopus sp. at 9.40, 10.79, 10.82, 11.38, 12.60 and 13.40 µg/mg respectively), and high ergosterol (Candida tropicalis at 22.84 µg/mg), producers. Ergosterol was not detectable in bacterial samples, which were included as controls. This first report on ergosterol detection in major pathogenic fungal species indicates that ergosterol may be used as a biomarker to diagnose invasive fungal infections in clinical samples. DOI :  http://dx.doi.org./10.17576/JSKM-2018-1602-03


Abstract Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to assess genetic variability and differentiation at 40 gene loci in 102 roe deer from five sampling sites in the province of Siena, central Italy. Eight loci proved to be polymorphic in at least one population. Averaged over populations, values of expected heterozygosity (mean He = 0.044, SD = 0.007) and the proportion of polymorphic loci (mean P = 0.135, SD = 0.028) were as high as those found for roe deer of southern and central Europe. In spite of a moderately high level of gene flow between sites (Nm = 4.7), the existence of some degree of genetic structuring in the whole population of Siena could be demonstrated. Demographic events (i.e., restocking, bottlenecks), rather than genetic isolation were explained to be responsible for the differences in allele frequencies found among populations. The allochthonous origin of roe deer living on Mount Amiata could be proved by genetic data. The results are discussed in the light of historical and demograp...


The research of calculation of ground potential distribution mainly concentrated in the low medium voltage standing ground net recently,but it is little of UHVDC.The paper takes the ±800 kV Yulon station as example,and introduces a method of calculating ground potential distribution.The method is based on the theory of constant current field.First,image method is used to calculate the grounding network of the resistance and cross resistance,and then according to the resistance value by surface charge method to find the potential of an arbitrary point,and finally apply the origin software to simulate,the results can provide reference for the design of the grounding network rationality evaluation,and targeted and effective guidance of the protection of grounding grid.


The developed software product performs the following functions: work with cloud storage, work with camera, work with stage, work with model measurement, work with models and work with point clouds. The application of such a system is designed to automate and improve the end user's work with point clouds, namely their storage in the Autodesk cloud storage, display and manipulation. Interaction with such a system does not require high system requirements of hardware and software. From the obtained results it is possible to draw a constructive conclusion that the functional direction of the complex algorithmic model fully meets the requirements of the task.


This paper presents a Coq library that lifts an abstract yet precise notion of running-time into the type of a function. Our library is based on a monad that counts abstract steps, controlled by one of the monadic operations. The monad's computational content, however, is simply that of the identity monad so programs written in our monad (that recur on the natural structure of their arguments) extract into idiomatic OCaml code. We evaluated the expressiveness of the library by proving that red-black tree insertion and search, merge sort, insertion sort, Fibonacci, iterated list insertion, BigNum addition, and Okasaki's Braun Tree algorithms all have their expected running times.


Objective: Early diagnosis and timely treatment was effective in preventing lung tumor progression in an effective way to prevent lung tumor progression.In this study,we aimed to explore the establishment of accreditation standards with ELISA for early screening lung cancer-specific proteins for early diagnosis.Methods: The experiment based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) test,in order to find ELISA method for pulmonary tumor diagnosis.CA-125 was used as the antigen,the antigen concentration,Antibody dilution and optimal duration of action,optimized the ELISA conditions were detected.Results: Established the conditions of the ELISA for detection of lung tumors,and determined the best package of antigen concentration was 5 ug/mL,the optimum dilution of serum anti ratio was 1:800 and the reaction time was 1.5 h.Conclusion: Establishment of a method with ELISA for lung tumors diagnosis has provided data support for the early tumors detection clinic,and lay the foundation for further study and lung tumors diagnosis.


The location of a wind turbine is fundamental to enhance its performance. However, there are other factors that should be taken into account when deciding the best position for a wind turbine. This paper presents the influence of a wind penetration sitting in different distribution networks for the optimization of the economic dispatch problem. A genetic algorithm is developed to solve this problem. A comparison between results of money profits obtained in different buses is done and a new condition is proposed to choose the most cost effective wind penetration site.


The algorithm complexity will be significantly increased when the prior knowledge is used to obtain the iden-tification of multiple-input multiple-output with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM) channels. In order to deal with this problem,a new scheme of phase shifted orthogonal angle-domain LS(least square) algorithm which has low complexity and doesn't need any prior information is designed. The idea of the proposed algorithm which is under the premise of the minimum mean square error(MSE) performance of LS algorithm depends on the spatial independence of channels between different transmit and receive antennas in angle domain. Then,the most significant taps(MST) technique is used to reduce the effect of noise on the estimates. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is of better performance.


INTRODUCTION: Oral health related quality of life measure has a great importance at all levels of dental research, it helps to plan evidence based public health policies and indicates how resource allocation should be done. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the Child-OIDPQ reliability and validity for application among Egyptian children aged 11-12-year-old, as well as determining the prevalence and causes of oral impacts on daily performances in public and private school children in Alexandria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional survey performed on 410 randomly selected student aged 11–12 years in the middle district of Alexandria city, Egypt. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire; Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances questionnaire (Child-OIDP). RESULTS: The instrument showed acceptable psychometric properties and is considered as a valid, reliable and practical inventory for use among the Egyptian sample. (Cronbach's alpha 0.71 for severity and 0. 70 for frequency). The prevalence of oral impacts was high (85.4 %) of children experiencing some kind of oral conditions affecting their daily life during the past three months. The highest impact was reported on eating (61.9%) followed by cleaning (46.3%) and the lowest impact was on speaking (21.0%). Tooth pain was one of the main perceived causes of impacts on the following 5 performances: duties (35.9%), emotional status (11.1%), sleeping (42.2%), eating (32.0%) and speaking (16.7%). there was no statistically significant difference detected by Mont Carlo exact probability test in the intensity effect of impact between public and private schools CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the Child-OIDP questionnaire can be applied to Egyptian children as a valid measure of oral health related quality of life.


Objective To investigate the effects of salmon calcitonin on knee joint cartilage lesions in anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT) rat models.Methods Forty-eight three-month-old male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups(n=16).Two groups of rabbits underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT)surgery,then were subcutaneously injected salmon calcitoin(sCT) and normal saline separately.The other rabbit were untreated as control.After eight weeks,all the rabbits were killed.The sections of cartilage were stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE),and analyzed by Mankin score system.Expression levels of MMP-13 were detected by immunohistochemistry staining.Subchondral bone of proximal tibia was measured by bone histomorphometic method.Results Based on the observation of HE staining,Mankin score and the expression of MMP-13,the articular cartilage lesions in ACLT+sCT group were less than that in ACLT+NS group(P0.05),but more severe than that in control group(P0.05).Subchondral bone histomorphometic analysis indicated that the data in trabecular number and trabecular thickness in ACLT+sCT group was higher than those in ACLT+NS group(P0.05),but lower than those in control group(P0.05);The data in trabecular separation in ACLT+sCT group was lower than that in ACLT+NS group(P0.05),but higher than that in control group(P0.05).Conclusions sCT reduces the cartilage lesions and maintains subchondral trabecular structure in ACLT rabbit models.sCT exhibits partly chondroprotection in experimental osteoarthritis.


The paper explains how simple ideas in the field of group technology have led to the development of a new system of production, called the cell system, which differs from, but complements, flow-line production and traditional ' job and batch ' (functional layout-based) production. The cell system is not just a simple arrangement of similar components and similar tooling, but a new system of production, which, like the flow-line system, has rules and conditions for its practice. Only in the last two years has group technology developed sufficiently for a theory to begin to emerge. With now production systems today, it is not enough to deal only with ' engineering ' or ' production ', but present clay systems must be concerned with the complex interaction of market, management, machines, and men. This paper shows the importance of the cell system at different levels, beginning with the lowest, and leads the reader towards a rather different approach to the management of an engineering, or other multi-produc...


The temperature and the power dependent photoluminescence (PL) of two types of Ge quantum dots (QDs) (small hut cluster and large dome) coincidentally grown on a strained Si0.7Ge0.3 buffer layer were systematically studied. Two PL peaks from the two types of QDs are demonstrated and show different behaviors with increasing temperature. Under low excitation power, the intensity and the energy position of PL peak from small QDs have maximum values at a mediate temperature. Such anomalous behaviors of PL spectra are qualitatively explained by a model based on thermally activated resonant tunneling of holes from large QDs to small QDs.


As a kind of spirited folk custom,taboo culture is a component of national traditional culture.This article analyzes the close relationship between ancient taboo culture and natural ecology and illustrates with examples that taboo behavior has an active influence on ecological protection.It deems we should utilize the positive factors of taboo culture to realize the benign cycles of ecology,economy and society.


Analysis of the microstratigraphy, geomorphology, and soils within an Aztec site in the piedmont of Texcoco provides information on the ecological context of the dispersed village during the Late Aztec phase (A.D. 1350–1520). Two erosional phases are identified, the first in the period between A.D. 500 and 1000, and the second in the 1600s. The two erosional events are correlated with the transition from dispersed settlements, with relatively high population density, to nucleated settlements marking a decline in population. Land reclamation by Aztec settlers is attested by the remains of the semiterracing system of metepantli and rock-faced terraces, which are features discussed in the context of anthropogenic soils identified within the site. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders in which the underlying pathogenesis and etiologic factors are not fully understood. The blood brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in central nervous system defense by limiting access to circulating solutes, macromolecules, and cells that can negatively affect neuronal activity. The loss of BBB integrity is likely to be seen as a common pathologic finding for many psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, ASD, and mood disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether serum Cingulin levels are associated with ASD. Subjects and Methods A total of 40 treatment-naive children with ASD and 40 healthy controls were included in the present study. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children, Present and Lifetime Version-DSM-5 (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5) has been used to screen healthy controls for psychiatric disorders by a psychiatrist after a physical examination by a paediatrician. The clinical severity of the ASD symptoms has been assessed by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Venous blood samples were collected and serum Cingulin levels were measured. Results When the ASD and control groups were compared, CARS and Cingulin values of the patient group were statistically higher than the healthy group. There is a statistically positive correlation between CARS and Cingulin values. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this study is a first in the literature conducted about the serum Cingulin levels, which is a component of BBB, among patients with ASD. Our findings demonstrate that serum Cingulin levels are meaningfully higher in ASD group compared to the healthy control group. It has been also indicated that there has been a meaningful relationship between serum Cingulin levels and ASD symptom severity.


Contents: Acknowledgements Note List of Abbreviations Introduction 1. Of Incomprehensibility 2. The Fragment, Symptom of Aesthetics 3. Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century 4. "Theory of the Combinatorial Method" of Poetry 5. aB & LMN 6. The Politics of Permanent Parabasis Afterword: The Chemical Critique of Idealism Notes Sources Cited Index


The construction of state key disciplines has a great importance not only for the development of a medical university but also for the medical health.This paper collected the relative data of the national key disciplines assessed for three times in the past twenty years,and reviewed the history of state key disciplines in medical colleges through longitudinal analysis.The great achievements had been made,such as rapid increase of the total number of key disciplines,gradually maturation of the constructive system for the key disciplines,risen number of PhD candidates,a number of excellent academic leaders who had influence in domestic and overseas.Unexpectedly,the medical key disciplines distributed like peak shape when the data were analyzed through horizontal view,and this may induce vicious cycle for the development of national medicine.Some suggestions were proposed for the non-state key disciplines as they had to face great troubles especially the development funds.At last some constructive suggestions,such as the withdraw of the mature disciplines,the balance among different regional areas,further improvement of the assessment system and the establishment of multi-way input system,were put forward for the assessment of national key disciplines in future.


OBJECTIVE
New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) is a rare condition of prolonged medication-refractory seizures potentially due to elevated inflammatory molecules in the brain. NORSE can be triggered by a viral infection and is a documented neurologic consequence of COVID-19.

METHOD
A 74-year-old, left-handed, Hispanic male was in his usual state of health until experiencing 1-2 weeks of speech decline, which culminated in an episode of altered mental status (disorientation and mumbling speech). He presented to the Emergency Department with drowsiness and complaints of a "funny feeling" on the left side of his head. Upon arrival, he was found to be COVID-19 positive and hyperglycemic with normal CT, MRI, lumbar puncture, and bloodwork. An EEG showed "focal temporal activity" and he was diagnosed with non-convulsant status epilepticus. Hospitalization and medical sedation lasted 2 months followed by 8 months of inpatient rehabilitation. The patient was discharged shortly before presenting for neuropsychological evaluation.

RESULTS
Neuropsychological evaluation showed weaknesses in learning and free recall, visuospatial skills (due to disorganization and poor attention to details), processing speed, and executive functioning. The patient reported elevated anxiety symptoms. Collateral report indicated severe declines in executive organizational abilities, as well as mild memory and divided attention declines.

CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest frontal cortical and subcortical impairments affecting multiple areas of cognition and functional decline consistent with a diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorder. Similar to the literature, status epilepticus was attributed to inflammatory meningoencephalitis triggered by the prior COVID-19 infection. Interdisciplinary care was an integral factor in this case.


Taking macroporous resin carry Ce4+ as catalyst,menthyl isovalerate is synthesized from l-menthol and isovaleric acid.The influence of various factors on esterification yields has been researched.The optimum conditions are as follow: catalyst amount 2 %(l-menthol and isovaleric acid mass),ratio of l-menthol and isovaleric acid 1∶1.6,reaction temperature 120 ℃,reaction time 6 h,the yield of menthyl isovalerate is 80 %.The catalyst can be recycled for over 5 times.


In this contribution, a channel measurement campaign recently carried out in the Jiading campus of Tongji University, Shanghai, China, is introduced. The downlink signals of an active Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) were collected at more than 4000 locations and processed to extract channel impulse responses (CIRs). The signal to noise power ratios (SNRs), delay spread, Doppler frequency spread, and the status of line-of-sight (LoS) existence are calculated and used to generate channel maps, i.e. geographic maps overlaid with spots at measurement locations being color-coded by the values of channel parameters. The variations of channel parameters with respect to the co-elevation in NodeBs are investigated. Relationships between the delay, Doppler frequency spreads and the LoS occurrence rate at specific co-elevations are analyzed. Based on these results, a new method is proposed which is applicable for generating realistic CIRs in time and frequency domains that satisfy the elevation-dependent statistics extracted from the measurements.


The wilderness, in the form of forest, and the civilized court of knights and ladies often appear as binary oppositions in medieval European romances. The mythical inhabitant of the wilderness, the wild man, in turn, has been considered an oppositional figure to the knight. This essay tries to explicate the relationship between these oppositions by exploring two fourteenth-century Middle English romances where the courtly knights become wild men. In Ywain and Gawain the court and its representative knight are not the norm according to which wild-man figures and even an animal define themselves. Rather, Ywain not only compares badly against the monstrous shepherd of the wilderness, but also regains his knightly identity with the aid of a beast whose various images overlap with those of the knight himself. In Sir Orfeo, the harper-king exiled in the wilderness is empowered and able to restore his queen as well as his kingdom when he recognizes the element of brute force and death in a fairy hunting scene. It is my contention that the experience of wildness in the wilderness by the courtly knights align them with the force of nature that in turn empowers their civility and courtliness.


The 13th ICPS International Conference, held in Himeji City, Japan, in May 2023, was supported by a nation-wide network of carnivorous plant groups and organisations in Japan.


Fundamental relations between .various measures of emulsion performance such as speed, γ, granularity, detective quantum efficiency and signal/noise ratio are presented for three values of grain size spread. The main variable considered is mean gram-size. Relations are dtinved for Coatings of constant silver halide weight per unit area and constant saturation density, and for expsoure to ultra-violet, blue and light absorbed by spectral sensitizers. Where possible, reference is made tO exprenmental data which can be compared With the theoretical findings. In general, there is good agreement if allowance is made for the fall of quantum sensitivity With grain size towards large sizes, which is evident in real emulsions.


The five papers presented in this section review the evidence for favorable cardiovascular effects of estrogen and compare these effects with those of the new selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).1–5 Dr. Herrington has reviewed the many lines of evidence suggesting that oral administration of estrogen may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) in postmenopausal women.1 Estrogen has favorable effects on cardiovascular risk factors, including high-density (HDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoprotein cholesterol and fibrinogen, and on measures of vascular endothelial function. Coadministration of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to protect against endometrial proliferation and neoplasia only partially offsets these putative benefits. CHD incidence and mortality in women generally lag 15 years behind men and are relatively uncommon before menopause. Prospective observational epidemiologic studies in postmenopausal women have shown an association of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), usually combined equine estrogens (CEE) with or without MPA, with marked reduction in risk of CHD and in mortality. However, randomized clinical trials of HRT completed to date have failed to show significant benefit of HRT on clinical CHD events or on the progression of the underlying coronary atherosclerotic lesions and suggest adverse effects on the early incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and on the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE).1 The recent advent of the SERMs, which mimic some of the effects of estrogen while antagonizing others, offers the possibility to attain the potential cardiovascular benefits of estrogen therapy without its potential adverse cardiovascular effects or its attendant increased risk of carcinoma of the uterus and breast. In fact, raloxifene, one of the most widely used SERMs, acts as an antiestrogen in the uterus and breast, and does not require coadministration of a progestin in gynecologically intact women. The articles by Dr. Walsh,2 Drs. Blum and Cannon,3 and Dr. Cushman4 compare the effects of raloxifene and other SERMs with conventional HRT on lipoproteins and on measures of vascular endothelial function, inflammation, and hemostasis.


We report AlGaN nanowire light emitting diodes (LEDs) operating in the ultraviolet-C band. The LED structures are grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si substrate. It is found that with the use of the n+-GaN/Al/p+-AlGaN tunnel junction (TJ), the device resistance is reduced by one order of magnitude, and the light output power is increased by two orders of magnitude, compared to AlGaN nanowire LEDs without TJ. For unpackaged TJ ultraviolet LEDs emitting at 242 nm, a maximum output power of 0.37 mW is measured, with a peak external quantum efficiency up to 0.012%.


Death and resulting bereavement are universal life events, to which grief is a natural response. An average practice has 20 patient deaths per full-time GP every year, each resulting in newly bereaved persons. Often patients consult GPs regarding this, but it remains an area where there is very limited formal training. The majority manage with support from family, friends or faith, but some patients will require more intensive input.


Based on the data of China's economic and social big data platform from 2000 to 2019, this paper studies and analyzes the development status and influencing factors of desertification in Maowusu sandy land in China. Based on the exploratory analysis (EFA) and the dummy variable regression model (DVRM), the research result shows that the annual precipitation is the main climate factor affecting the vegetation coverage in this area. And for every 100 mm increase in annual precipitation, vegetation coverage will increase by 10%. In addition, the annual average temperature also has a significant impact on the vegetation coverage. For every 1 °C increase in the annual average temperature, the vegetation coverage will increase by 2.5%. Analysis of policy factors shows that the policy effects of the 2005 National Desert Control Plan (2005-2010) and the 2011 National Desert Control Plan (2011-2020) etc. can increase vegetation coverage by 3.4% and 4.7%respectively compared with the base period level in 2000. The study reveals the important role of climate and policy factors in the reversion of desertification in Maowusu sandy land. The study is of great significance and value to desertification management and related policy-making in China.


Polish energy market is comprised of numerous aged 200 MWe coal units. In order to work in changing market conditions - with growing number of renewable energy sources as well as new supercritical coal power plants - these units will be forced to work with extended flexibility. It results in ability to change load level faster and to extend their designed load range. It is both challenge for turbine and boiler part of the power plant, designed to work as the base load unit. Study presented in the article was performed in order to analyse behaviour of one 225 MWe coal unit, working in extended load range (from 90 – 225 MWe), by using Ebsilon®Professional software. The major goal of study, was to verify crucial operation parameters in the load range below designed technical minimum (90-135 MWe). Two models – turbine part and boiler part - were prepared and validated, using reliable data from test campaign performed in-situ. In this article, the boiler behaviour is comprehensively described with indication of issues that must be addressed when considering boiler operation in load range below its technical minimum.


Background: Hypertension (also known as high blood pressure) is a condition in which the blood pressure of a person is consistently too high. Hypertension is often called the ''silent killer'' because it may not present any warning signs or symptoms and therefore may not be detected until another serious medical condition is diagnosed. It is a major risk factor for heart disease, heart failure, and stroke, and can result in other serious medical complications, including blindness and kidney failure.
 Objective: The aim of this study is to discover the prevalence of hypertension among people living in Ebudu Community in Edo, State, Nigeria. Methodology: A systematic random sampling was used in recruiting seventy three (73) persons who participate in this study. The necessary information and blood pressure readings were taken. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results: The mean age of the respondent were 55.25 + 14.53, 20 (27.4%) were between 56 – 65 years, 61 (83.6%) were female, 40 (54.8%) were farmers and 30 (41.1%) had secondary school education. 11 (14.4%) have normal blood pressure (100/60 – 120/80), 20 (28.0%) are pre – hypertensive/at risk (121/81 – 139/89), 24 (33.6) are at stage 1 hypertension (140/90 – 159/99) and 18 (25.2%) are at stage 2 hypertension (160/100) and above.
Conclusion: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease of public health concern as it is one of the causes of increased mortality across the globe. For these reasons, health education and promotion measures designed to prevent and control all the contributory risk factors of hypertension in the community should be strengthened and be focus of attention.


The inter-provincial basin of Colorado River flows into the provinces of Neuquen, Rio Negro, Mendoza, La Pampa and Buenos Aires. Its water is mainly used for human consumption and irrigation, but uses for livestock, hydroelectric and industries as hydrocarbons and mining, are also relevant. On 1976, the 5 provinces and the Ministry of Interior agreed the Treaty of the Colorado Basin, stating the quota of water for each jurisdiction, based on technical criteria. Additionally, the parties created the Inter-jurisdiction Committee of the Colorado River (COIRCO), considered the first Argentinean basin committee. Gradually, the COIRCO has acquired more competences, especially in the field of environmental protection.


This study concentrates on post-harvest losses due to inefficiency in supply chain processes like storage, logistic and improper information flow. The first step was to study the various aspects of the supply chain which are involved in the post-harvest from farmers, agricultural department, government and middle-men point of view. The problems were categorized in the scope of logistics, storage and information system. Lag was found in interlinkage between the agricultural department, export department, Sarpanch, big and small farmers which were leading to exploitation of farmers by middle-men. Framers were lacking the bargaining power in Mandi. Due to lack of storage facilities and financial pressure they had to sell the harvest at a very low price when compared to the market. In order to fill the information gap between sections, a WhatsApp model is suggested. This model will facilitate the flow of information at different hierarchy and fill the gaps.


Legged robots are becoming increasingly powerful and popular in recent years for their potential to bring the mobility of autonomous agents to the next level. This work presents a deep reinforcement learning approach that learns a robust Lidar-based perceptual locomotion policy in a partially observable environment using Proximal Policy Optimisation. Visual perception is critical to actively overcome challenging terrains, and to do so, we propose a novel learning strategy: Dynamic Reward Strategy (DRS), which serves as effective heuristics to learn a versatile gait using a neural network architecture without the need to access the history data. Moreover, in a modified version of the OpenAI gym environment, the proposed work is evaluated with scores over 90% success rate in all tested challenging terrains.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to contribute to advancing personalized medicine, which means selecting the optimal drug in the optimal dose for each patient. For that it is necessary to understand in how far the effectiveness of a given drug depends on genetics. When results of clinical studies sufficiently prove that genetics significantly influence the effectiveness of drugs, it could be useful to perform a genetic analysis before starting a therapy. In this study the heritable variation of the activity of the efflux-transport-proteins MDR1 and MRP2 were researched. Twin studies are most suitable to research the influence of genetic and environmental factors of interindividual differences. METHODS: We thus conducted a twin study with 20 monocygotic and 9 dizygotic (same sex) twins. We used Talinolol as in-vivo-probe drug to analyse the activity of the transporters MDR1 and MRP2. On three different study days, each with an interval of at least one week, always the same quantity of Talinolol was administered. Afterwards the blood concentration and other pharmacokinetic parameters were defined in regular intervals. Whereas Talinolol almost is hardly metabolized and exuded unchanged, its bioavailability depends on the function and expression of its transporters (MDR1 and MRP2). To calculate the heredity of the pharmacokinetic parameters we used three different formulas. RESULTS: This study showed an overall big variability in the process of the blood concentration between individuals (interindividual variability) as well as within one individual at the different study days (intraindividual variability). In addition there was a bigger variability between monozygotic than between dizygotic twins. These constellations and the calculations of heritability indicate a low genetic influence and a high influence of environmental factors to the variability of the pharmacokinetic of Talinolol. The process of the blood concentration with regard to the different genetic variants of MDR1 and MRP2 didn't show a significant difference. CONCLUSION: Overall it was calculated a low heritability in the variation of pharmacokinetic parameters of Talinolol. In addition the process of the blood concentration with regard to the different genetic variants of MDR1 and MRP2 did not show a significant difference, so we could not find a relevant correlation between specific variants of genes and the transporting activity of MDR1 and MRP2.


By using Johansen's multivariate co integration procedural, six European spot forward exchange rates are used to test f or the market efficiency hypothesis under three different exchange rate regimes. Although the co integration technique is b extensively used for hypothesis testing of a similar nature, vary little work has been done to substantiate the results derived from this technique either with respect robustness of modal specification or sample stability. The paper highlights this a by providing: emphasis upon the international properties of the data via a menu unit root tests; iterative tests for the number of co integrating vectors over the floating period; and extends the analysis to construct multi-dimensional models in an examination of both spot and forward market efficiency between all the European currencies. The evidence is not supportive of the unbiasedness condition and hence market efficiency inside any of the European exchange markets. However, tests are across alternative spot/forward rate combinations exhibited efficiency for ma of the bilateral relationships over the floating regime. Moreover, results seem to be robust across different exchange rate regimes, model specifications and over time.


Although joint pain can be controlled with various modalities which includes the use of acetaminophen, NSAIDs and corticosteroid injections. It has been found that LLLT is an effective non invasive therapy to control inflammation and tissue degeneration and thus to relieve pain with subsequent quality of life improvement in various inflammatory & painful joint problems. Material & Methods: A retrospective analysis was done from the data on osteoarthritis knee patients (n=30) with chronic knee pain, treated with low level laser therapy applied at the knee joint line area over medial & lateral tibiofemoral condyles region. The various parameters like NRS; daily activities, work & leisure, anxiety & depression, social interaction (4 components of DALLAS pain questionnaire as found relevant for these patients to assess quality of life) were studied and analysed using appropriate statistical tools. Results: The majority patients were female (n=17) as against males (n=13). The paired t test revealed that there was significant difference in NRS score before and after laser therapy. The paired t test revealed that there was significant difference with positive improvement in daily activities, work & leisure, Anxiety & depression and social interaction scores before and after laser therapy. Conclusion: LLLT like Helium Neon (He-Le) laser has the potential to be used with efficacy in patients of chronic knee pain due to osteoarthritis irrespective of age and sex, especially in Kellgren lawrence OA grade 1, 2 & 3.


AbstractThe forcing and origins of an internal rear-flank downdraft (RFD) momentum surge observed by the second Verification of the Origin of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) within a supercell occurring near Dumas, Texas, on 18 May 2010 is assessed through ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) storm-scale analyses. EnKF analyses are produced every 2 min from mobile Doppler velocity data collected by the Doppler on Wheels and Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching radars, as well as radial velocity and reflectivity data from the KAMA (Amarillo, Texas) WSR-88D. EnKF analyses are found to reproduce the structure and evolution of an internal RFD momentum surge observed in independent mobile Doppler radar observations.Pressure retrievals of EnKF analyses reveal that the low-level RFD outflow structure is primarily determined through nonlinear dynamic perturbation pressure gradient forcing. Horizontal acceleration into a trough of low perturbation pressure between the low-level mesocyclone and mesoa...


Given Γ a finite subgroup of SL3C, we determine how an arbitrary finite dimensional irreducible representation of SL3C decomposes under the action of Γ. To the subgroup Γ we attach a generalized Cartan matrix CΓ. Then, inspired by B. Kostant, we decompose the Coxeter element of the Kac-Moody algebra attached to CΓ as a product of reflections of a special form, thereby suggesting an algebraic form for the McKay correspondence in dimension 3.


Objective To understand the incidence of influenza like illness (ILI) and estimate the disease burden caused by ILI in Xi-cheng district of Beijing.Methods The data of the early warning system for infectious disease in medical institutions and the National Influenza Surveillance Network were used for the study.The surveillance data of ILI from 2009 to 2012 in two sentinel hospitals in Xicheng district were collected.Excel 2007 and SPSS 13.0 were used to analyzed the statistical data.Results A total of 72 414 ILI cases were reported by two sentinel hospitals from June 2009 to May 2012,the average proportion of ILI cases in outpatients was 1.85%.During the period of 2009-2010 influenza season,average proportion of ILI in outpatients was 2.38%,the RT-PCR positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid detection was 39.70%,the estimated influenza infection rate was 38.63% and the influenza cases accounted for 9.19‰ of the outpatient visit in sentinel hospitals.During 2010-2011 influenza season,the average proportion of ILl in outpatients was 2.02%,the RT-PCR positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid detection was 18.68%,the estimated influenza infection rate was 15.33% and the influenza cases accounted for 3.10‰ of the outpatient visit in two sentinel hospitals.During 2011-2010 influenza season,the average proportion of ILI in outpatients was 1.28%,the RT-PCR positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid detection was 18.23%,the estimated influenza infection rate was 15.66% and the influenza cases accounted for 2.00‰ of the outpatient visit in two sentinel hospitals.ILI visits focused on child outpatients and fever clinics under the age of 15 years old.The peak of RT-PCR positive detection curve and the peak of outpatient visit due to ILI were consistent during three influenza seasons,which mainly occurred in winter and spring.Conclusions Outpatient visit due to ILI mainly occurred during winter-spring in Xicheng district.It is important to arrange the monitoring departments reasonably and carry out ILI pathogen spectrum surveillance to reduce disease burden caused by ILI.

Key words:
Influenza-like illness ;  Surveillance;  Disease burden