Squid are important organisms both ecologically and commercially. Acoustic scattering techniques can provide synoptic data on their distribution and abundance, and have the advantage of being efficient compared with traditional net sampling methods. However, knowledge of the scattering properties of squid is required to accurately convert the acoustic data into meaningful biological information. To better understand the scattering of sound by squid, and to facilitate future model development, a controlled laboratory backscattering experiment was conducted on live squid (Loligo pealeii) using broadband linear chirp signals (45–105 kHz) with data collected over the full 360 deg of orientation in the lateral plane, in 1‐deg increments. The scattered spectra often showed significant structure over the frequency band available at different angles of orientation, in addition to high levels of ping‐to‐ping variability. Pulse compression signal processing techniques were also used, revealing the following dominan...


While more and more forensic techniques have been proposed to detect the processing history of multimedia content, one starts to wonder if there exists a fundamental limit on the capability of forensics. In other words, besides keeping on searching what investigators can do, it is also important to find out the limit of their capability and what they cannot do. In this paper, we explore the fundamental limit of operation forensics by proposing an information theoretical framework. In particular, we consider a general forensic system of estimating operations' hypotheses based on extracted features from the multimedia content. In this system, forensicability is defined as the maximum forensic information that features contain about operations. Then, due to its conceptual similarity with mutual information in an information theory, forensicability is measured as the mutual information between features and operations' hypotheses. Such a measurement gives the error probability lower bound of all practical estimators, which use these features to detect the operations' hypotheses. Furthermore, it can determine the maximum number of hypotheses that we can theoretically detect. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed information theoretical framework, we apply this framework on a forensic example of detecting the number of JPEG compressions based on normalized discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficient histograms. We conclude that, when subband (2, 3) is used in detection and the size of the testing database is <;20000, the maximum number of JPEG compressions that we can expectedly perfectly detect using normalized DCT coefficient histogram features is four. Furthermore, we obtain the optimal strategies for investigators and forgers based on the fundamental measurement of forensicability.


Redshifted absorption profiles that resemble the high-velocity circumstellar gas features in the spectrum of β Pictoris have been detected in IUE data for the 10 Myr old Herbig Be star, HD 100546, on 1995 March 7. In addition to Mg II, Si II, and other refractory species similar to those seen in β Pic, the HD 100546 spectra are rich in accreting gas profiles from neutral atomic gas, including C I and O I, as well as mildly refractory species such as Zn II and S II. The presence of accreting gas profiles, including neutral atomic gas, is consistent with detection of comae of star-grazing bodies potentially resembling either comets or asteroids. Overall, the IUE data for HD 100546 are consistent with the planetesimals in this system being more volatile-rich and magnesium-rich than similar bodies in the β Pic system.


This study examined the source of income inequality in Kogi state using data from Egwemi (2016) research survey. The study covered the 240 households administered with questionnaire in Egwemi (2016), information on their socio-economic characteristics and income. The income components used were wages and salaries, trade and agriculture. The aggregate gini was decomposed based on the income sources. Income from agricultural sources contributed 75.70 percent to inequality, income from wages and salaries, and trade contributed 14.30 and 10.00 percent, respectively. While the overall gini index 0.29 showed minimal inequality further findings revealed that inequality increases with income from agriculture but reduces with incomes from wages and salaries, and trade. The study recommended that efforts should be made to reduce income inequality in Kogi State by promoting on the job-training, providing free education and business friendly environment to encourage small and medium scale businesses and entrepreneurs.


This paper presents a study of the mechanics of inelastic buckling using a Shanley-like simplified column model. The model is an extension of the original Shanley model with multiple springs and two dampers. The inclusion of damping enables the dynamic response of the model under constant loading to be captured. The model has been evaluated against the tangent-modulus and reduced-modulus critical buckling loads, and has been found effective in representing the progressive change in the regions of loading and unloading during inelastic buckling. It is also able to simulate the extreme situations of inelastic buckling by varying the ratio of the two damping coefficients. It is seen that high rotational damping, relative to vertical damping, causes the buckling to move towards the reduced-modulus buckling load at much lower deflections than when the relationship is reversed.


At present, China implements the important measure of "tax and fee reduction", which reduces the cost of enterprises, reduces the burden on enterprises, and can promote economic growth. Social security fee reduction in particular to reduce the enterprise endowment insurance contribution ratio. However, the current aging of China's population is increasing, which has brought challenges and opportunities to China's economic growth. This article analyzes the impact of population aging on the economy through the current population situation in China, and puts forward its own suggestions for coping with population aging.


Creation science (CS) is a discipline in which evidence is sought to support a literal interpretation of the opening chapters of Genesis. Its technical literature has existed since 1964, long enough to test for trends in positions on certain topics. Here, we present a study of CS literature from 1964 through 2015, focusing on trends regarding the topic of benefi cial mutations. Acceptance of benefi cial mutations was low among CS authors in the twentieth century but has risen sharply in the current century: the number of CS authors accepting benefi cial mutations was approximately equal to the number of CS authors rejecting benefi cial mutations in the period 2011–2015. The rise in acceptance is largely due to twenty-fi rst-century creationist interpretations of transposons and similar phenomena as divinely programmed machinery for benefi cial mutations that were allegedly loaded by God into the genomes of the originally created organisms.


This study aimed to quantify and compare the amount, activity, and anatomical distribution of cold‐activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) in healthy, young, lean women and men.


In the epigraph for Giovanni's Room, James Baldwin quotes Walt Whitman: "I am the man, I suffered, I was there" (Whitman 225). This line evokes the complicated politics of inclusion in Whitman's wo...


Epidemiological studies have shown that the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) increase the risk of thromboembolism. In the past 20 years the effect of OCs on the hemostatic system has been researched extensively in terms of deviation from the normal values with regard to coagulation sedimentation and the fibrinolytic system. Often the changes of the blood vessel walls to thrombosis were studied. It must be pointed out that thromboembolism is a complex process that includes the interaction between the elements of the blood the coagulation and fibrinolytic system and the vessel walls. In order to reduce or eliminate the coagulation defects in women who use OCs it is necessary to observe the absolute contraindications to OCs: the presence of arterial or venous thrombosis; ischemic cardiac disease or angina pectoris; disorder of the lipid metabolism; known prothrombin abnormalities of coagulation (fibrinolysis congenital thrombophilia with abnormal level of the individual factors 4 days before and 2 days after operation of the lower extremities and during the period of immobilization of lower extremities or during therapy for varicosity); focal increase of migraine and migraine requiring treatment with ergotamine; temporary ischemic attack without headache; after cerebral hemorrhage which could be secondary to cerebral venous thrombosis; some types of afflictions of the heart valves; and pulmonary hypertension. It must be probed in the family anamnesis whether there had been previous increased arterial or venous thrombosis in the parents. The selection of OC has to be done discriminately. It must be known that the risks of venous thromboembolism associated with low-dose preparations is significantly lower than the risk of such affliction in pregnant women and lower than in women who use OCs with 50 mcg or more of ethinyl estradiol.


A mechanism is presented which explains how intra-continental rifting can cause large topographic uplift. The effect is sufficient to account for the uplift of rift flanks and the very high and strongly localized uplift of the Rwenzori horst in the Western Branch of the East African Rift System. We propose that the uplift is generated by crustal bending, which is caused by a misfit of the lateral tensile stress between the upper and middle crust. The misfit is a function of different yield mechanisms when the upper crust breaks whereas the middle crust flows. Two independent numerical schemes confirm the suggested uplift mechanism. Both models—a 2 and 2.5 D elastoplastic lattice-particle model and a multilayer beam model—were used to calculate the surface topography as a result of lateral uniaxial extension. Using the fault geometry of the Rwenzori area, we find that the amount of topographic uplift is controlled by the viscosity and elasticity of the crust. The extreme uplift of the Rwenzori horst is—at least to some extent—a function of its considerably high elastic stiffness. The stiffness unites the two rifts that bound the Rwenzori horst and leads to an extremely high topography and a high Moho uplift in the center of the two rifts where the Rwenzori mountains sit.


Graphite oxide was prepared by improved Hummer's method. Then the graphene oxide (GO) suspension was obtained through ultrasonication for 1 h. The GO suspension was mixed with sulfur (S) using three different methods (namely sodium polysulfide route, sodium borohydride route, and hydrothermal route) of which two were chemical methods while one was hydrothermal method to make the composite material of reduce GO and sulfur (rGO–S). The electrode of the rGO–S composite was then prepared by making a slurry of active material, carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The sample of GO was analyzed using UV–visible and FTIR spectroscopy, while the sample of rGO and S was analyzed using XRD. This confirmed the synthesis of rGO–S for all the three methods. The comparison of all the three methods shows that the chemical methods are time consuming, difficult and toxic while hydrothermal method is easy and friendly.


The origins of divalent metal-dependent catalytic properties in phosphoryl transfer by EcoRV endonuclease have been investigated by transient kinetic methods. Pre-steady-state measurements on short oligodeoxynucleotide substrates reveal a burst of product formation for both Mg2+- and Mn2+-catalyzed DNA cleavage reactions, indicating that for each metal ion the product release step is partially or completely rate-limiting. However, the steepness of the burst is far greater for Mn2+ reactions, and analysis of the steady-state portions of the reaction profiles shows that the overall rate is 6-fold slower in the presence of this cofactor. The strongly rate-limiting product release step in Mn2+ reactions may arise from the higher intrinsic affinity of this metal ion for phosphates. Single-turnover experiments carried out with enzyme in molar excess over DNA were also used to isolate the chemical step of the reaction. In contrast to the slower steady-state rates, both these measurements and the pre-steady-state...


Withdrawn by the author! The main content of this paper has been moved into "Szabo, Laszlo E., Does special relativity theory tell us anything new about space and time? (ID Code:1321)"


The second-order elastic constants (SOEC), third-order elastic constants (TOEC), and fourth-order elastic constants (FOEC) of mixed alkali-halide crystals are calculated using a phenomenological potential model which takes into account the effect of Lundqvist's three-body forces along with other relevant interactions in ionic solids. Values of three SOEC, six TOEC, eleven FOEC, and pressure derivatives of SOEC have been calculated for NaCl-NaBr, KCl-KBr, and KBr-KI mixed crystals for the entire range of compositions. The results are compared with available experimental values. The applicability of knowledge of TOEC and FOEC has been discussed for predicting the conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of mixed crystals.


Achievements of modern science in the field of clinical microbiology, immunology and genetics help to take a different view of the significance of microflora for the human body on the whole. The role of various microorganisms in maintaining the normalization of the female reproductive system is constantly discussed in world literature. The emergence of the method of mass spectrometry has made it possible to identify several hundred types of microorganisms and determine the dominant. Vaginal microbiota is the first line of protection against pathogenic microorganisms in the genital tract. Changes in the content of healthy vaginal microbiome can affect vaginal homeostasis, reducing protective capabilities of the body and thereby increasing women's susceptibility to infections of the lower genital tract. In addition, the vaginal microbiota plays an important role during pregnancy and childbirth, forming the neonatal microbiome. Despite the importance of studying the patterns of dominance of various types of lactobacilli in the vaginal biotope, there is currently little evidence of their protective function in relation to the female reproductive tract, which remains the subject of study. This knowledge gap is a challenge to the development of effective and applicable treatment methods with probiotic drugs, followed by an assessment of their effectiveness to protect and improve the reproductive health of the female population. Ke ywords: bacterial vaginosis, pregnancy, vaginal probiotics, vaginal microbiome, lactobacillus species identification, lactobacilli, lactic acid


Thermal reactions of a silene derivative (Me3Si)2Si═C(OSiMe3)(t-Bu) (1) with silyl-substituted acetylenes, bis(trimethylsilyl)butadiyne, tert-butyldimethylsilylacetylene, and bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene have been investigated with density functional theory calculations for the understanding of substituent effects in the reactivity of the silene. The first critical reaction step for determining the final product is the formation of a biradical intermediate from 1 and the acetylenes. A stepwise [2 + 2] cycloaddition via the biradical intermediate gives a silacyclobutene derivative, which is the precursor of the final product. The activation energy for this reaction step as well as thermodynamic stability of the biradical intermediate is governed by an interplay between geometric and electronic factors. The biradical intermediate is destabilized by steric hindrance between bulky substituents on 1 and acetylene, while it can be stabilized by delocalization of an unpaired electron in the acetylene moiety. Sil...


We propose an easy-to-understand, visual performance model that offers insights to programmers and architects on improving parallel software and hardware for floating point computations. ABSTRACT We propose an easy-to-understand, visual performance model that offers insights to programmers and architects on improving parallel software and hardware for floating point computations.


The food & beverage industry in Korea has been developed since 1978. The different types of restaurants have been launched and competed in the...


Since the mid-1970s, a movement has been growing in the business community for the establishment of a uniform product liability law. Support has come from across the board— manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, small and large businesses, insurers, state administrators and a fair number of lawyers. In the past year, the movement has been gathering momentum on Capitol Hill, in the form of legislation introduced by Sen. Robert Kasten (R-Wis). Product liability laws vary widely from state to state—even from case to case within a state. Some adhere to the doctrine of strict liability. Others include an element of negligence. Still others impose "str ict-warranty liability."


The purpose of the authors of this research is to determine and analyze the effect of the Green Marketing Mix on the Ultrajaya Box Tea Brand Image in Students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Muhammadyah University, North Sumatra. The benefits of this research are to improve and broaden knowledge, especially about Green Marketing. In determining the sample, the researcher used the Slovin formula in order to obtain a total of 96 students. The data analysis technique in this study used a quantitative and associative approach. Based on the results of this study, it shows that the regression values that have the greatest influence is the value of the Promotion variable (X4) of 50.3%. The results of the t test on the product (X1) on the brand image obtained shows that the product (X1) has a positive and significant effect on brand image,the results of the effect of Price (X2) on Brand Image revealed that the Price (X2) has a positive and significant effect on Brand Image. Meanwhile,  the test results of the impact of Distribution Channels (X3) on Brand Image shows that Distribution Channel ( X3) has a positive and significant influence on Brand Image. Furthermore,the results of the impact of  Promotion (X4) on the Brand Image shows that Promotion (X4) has a positive and significant effect on Brand Image (Y). The results of the F test on the Effect of Green Marketing Mix on Brand Image found that simultaneously between Products, Prices, Distribution Channels and Promotion have a significant influence on Brand Image. And based on the results shown by R-Square is 0.555 or 55.5%, which means that about 55.5% of the Brand Image variable (Y) and can be explained by the Product (X1), Price (X2), Distribution Channel (X3 ) variables. and Promotion (X4) and the remaining 44.5% is used as influence by other variables that are not studied.


It was tested the efficiency of different adsorvents in the purification of soybean oil used in fryings. It was also confirmed the efficiency of a mixture of activated carbon, tonsil and bauxite in the purification of the oil used for 18, 40 68 and 79 hours, respectively. The reactivation and reutilization of the adsorvent mixture were also tested and good results were obtained .


This paper presents a novel 3-degrees-of-freedom (3-DOF) haptic master with 9 rubber bands for self-resetting. The mechanical design avoids coupling between three 10 directions mechanically by using three perpendicular axis intersecting at one point. Bevel 11 gear transmission is adopted to increase the compactness of the overall structure. 12 VR-based interactive system is designed and built by incorporating the proposed haptic 13 master. The proposed haptic device can generate force feedback along 3-degree-of-freedom 14 motion using motors and provide command signals to the avatar in the virtual 15 environment. In order to analyze the performance of the developed device in terms of 16 haptic feedback operation, ergonomics assessments are designed and experimentally 17 implemented. Preliminary studies on the influencing factor including the guidance force, 18 the reset force, the speed of the avatar and the arm the length have been conducted. The 19 results of this paper are of great significance for the design of the haptic master and 20 interactive system. 21


For unidirectional,uniqueness and robustness of robust video hashing,mathematical model is built for the video hashing scheme based on the 3D Discrete Wavelet Transform(3D-DWT),and the unidirectional of the scheme is proved,using the unconditionally secure of cryptology.It computes the probability density of hamming distance between the referenced hashing sequence and the calculated hashing sequence,and proves theoretically the uniqueness of the video hashing scheme based on 3D-DWT and the scheme based on 3D Discrete Cosine Transform(3D-DCT) under the same condition.According to the theoretical and experimental results,analyze the robustness of the two schemes under different attacks and conclude that the uniqueness and robustness of video hash are interact on each other.


. The north-western coast of the Sea of Azov is a set of natural systems that are characterized by a high level of biological diversity, economic value and have a high recreational potential. The harmonization of nature protection goals, optimization of economic efficiency and maintenance of recreational value are extremely complex scientific and scientific-practical tasks. The development of a strategy for the rational use of nature should be based on the study of natural complexes that are within the protected areas as reference areas. In addition to the role of markers of the level of biological diversity, the objects of the nature reserve fund act as factors of functional stability of natural complexes in general. Therefore, the study of ecological features of Cyanoprokaryota Priazovsky National Nature Park is an important scientific problem. There were 9 experimental landfills on the territory of Priazovsky Park, which covered steppe areas or slopes, salt marshes, coastal sandy soils (bars) and reservoirs (rivers, lakes, estuaries, sea bays, lagoons). As a result of research, 124 species of cyanoprokaryotes were identified, which include 127 intraspecific taxa. According to the systematic structure, the found species of cyanoproka- ryotes belong to the class Cyanophyceae Sachs, within which 3 subclasses, 6 orders, 18 families and sharply in freshwater. According to Pielow, the diversity grows within this range and reaches the highest level in freshwater. Prospects for further research include assessing the systematic nature of the taxonomic structure of flora depending on the type of ecosystems, the study of ecototype groups of Cyanophyceae in the context of their preferences for habitat types and salinity conditions. the flora of Cyanophyceae is represented by a much smaller number of genera compared to other types of biogeocenoses. According to the Shannon index, diversity increases in the series steppe → salt marsh → psammophytic stations → salt water and decreases sharply in freshwater. According to Pielow, the diversity grows within this range and reaches the highest level in freshwater. Prospects for further research include assessing the systematic nature of the taxonomic structure of flora depending on the type of eco systems, the study of ecototype groups of Cyanophyceae in the context of their preferences for habitat types and salinity conditions. According to Pielow, the diversity grows within this range and reaches the highest level in freshwater. Prospects for further research include assessing the systematic nature of the taxonomic structure of flora depending on the type of ecosystems, the study of ecototype groups of Cyanophyceae in the context of their preferences for habitat types and salinity conditions.


The generic characters of Odontopyge kollarii Brandt 1841, type species of Odontopyge, have never been established with the result that association of the name with an actual species-group has been purely subjective and arbitrary. Although the original type specimen appears to be lost, a careful comparison of the detailed description with material taken near the type locality in the Sudan suggests very conclusively that kollarii is a senior synonym to Omopyge zavattarii Manfredi 1941. Since Omopyge has generally been regarded as distinct from other taxa of the Odontopygidae at the subfamily level, substantial nomenclatorial modifications are mandated by the proposed identification of O. kollarii and a revised classification of the family is provided. The many species previously referred to Odontopyge (sensu auct.) must be referred to other genera, some of which are still undefined.


© NSSLHA 85 1092-5171/05/3202-0085 ABSTRACT: Semantic feature analysis (SFA) is a therapeutic technique that is used for the treatment of naming deficits occurring with aphasia. Aphasia commonly impairs a person's ability to retrieve words easily, and speechlanguage pathologists (SLPs) often struggle to determine an effective means of facilitating this skill. SFA has been shown to improve naming of targeted items with generalization to control stimuli. SFA also teaches the individual with aphasia a process for accessing semantic networks and for self-cueing. This project examined the use of SFA to address naming deficits and measured the impact of SFA on connected speech output with an individual with moderate aphasia with both expressive and receptive components. The study was conducted in two phases: The first stage examined improvements in naming skills, and the second stage assessed improvements in connected speech. This individual demonstrated improvements in naming for trained and untrained stimuli and also increased in measures of connected speech from baseline over a 17-month period. The usefulness of SFA for practicing SLPs in the current health care service delivery system is discussed.


The utility model discloses a rigid alloy tile plunger mechanism for a rolling machine. A rigid alloy tile connecting rod is arranged at the middle position of a plunger; rigid alloy tiles are arranged on the upper and lower end parts of the plunger, and are fixed by using connecting pins; the left and right sides of the plunger are provided with silica gel protection pads respectively; and the silica gel protection pads are arranged on a plunger body, and are fixed through positioning pins. Due to the adoption of a double silica gel protection pad mechanism, the defects of bearing of high punching pressure, easiness in deforming, quick damage and difficulty in repairing existing in the rigid alloy tile plunger mechanism are overcome effectively; and moreover, the rigid alloy tile plunger mechanism has the advantages of good elastic function, small component size, compact structure and convenience in using.


Abstract : The depth of penetration (DOP) or thick-backing technique allows the ballistic evaluation and ranking of armor ceramics independent of armor configuration. The test projectile is fired into a ceramic tile backed by a semi-infinite block. The residual penetration into the backing material is measured and compared to the penetration of the projectile into a monolithic block of the backing material. This report adapts this technique to evaluate armor ceramics for personnel protection using the caliber .30 armor-piercing M2 (APM2) and armor-grade aluminum alloy 5083 (Al 5083), MIL-A-46027, as the backing material. Penetration of the APM2 into monolithic Al 5083 was determined over a range of velocities. Several thicknesses of boron carbide (B4C), silicon carbide (SiC), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) were tested to determine ballistic performance as a function of ceramic areal density. Projectile cores were recovered and analyzed. Postmortem condition of the cores was correlated to DOP results.


J. R. Applegate Jr, G. A. Lewbart, H. Daniels, A. Gill and M. K. Stoskopf Exotic Animal Medicine Service, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Environmental Medicine Consortium and Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA


In the United States, by contrast, projects easily fall prey to annual budget reviews made in the light of cost increases and changes in the priorities of the administration and incoming presidents. This was particularly the case in the Reagan era, when the United States more or less unilaterally canceled its share of a joint Solar-Polar mission. In the authors' view, the same attitudes have tended to prevail over the space station where "the rule of the fait accompli was the basic management practice" in the dealings of the United States with her partners (p. 111). The authors are emphatic that unless this attitude changes—and there are encouraging signs that it will—Europe will be less and less inclined to collaborate with the United States in large-scale technical cooperative projects. Bonnet and Manno have written a timely and important book. On occasion they may be faulted for being overhasty in their presentation of material—but this is only to be expected of a work written in their vanishingly small "spare time." It is a pity, too, that they did not build a full description of the Horizon 2000 program into the body of their text. At the same time they are to be commended for their courage in raising contentious issues and, in particular, in alerting all those involved in international collaboration in space as to how their European partners expect to be treated in the future. John Krige European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole, 1 50016 Florence, Italy


The solubility of Aluminum (Al)-doped ZnO ceramic was determined to be 0.9 atomic ratio percent (at.%), and the ZnAl2O4 was formed once the Al content achieved 1.0 at.% or above. The resistivity decreased at an Al content of 0–0.8 at.% to a minimum of 1.45 × 10−3 Ω, while increased at a range of 1.0–6.0 at.%. The resistivity increased and decreased with temperature when the Al content was below and above 2.0 at.%, respectively. The activation energy increased from −489.5 to −65.0 eV and from 66.0 to 293.8 eV when the Al doping content was below and above 2.0 at.%.


Integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) affects on performance and microbial populations of nitrifying bacteria were investigated in pilot scale systems with a non-IFAS control. Biomass from the suspended phase in the control system, the suspended phase in the IFAS system, and the attached phases from two aerobic reactors in series were analyzed through batch testing to determine rates of nitrification and populations structures in using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Suspended phases from IFAS and non-IFAS systems yielded similar rates of ammonia removal, which were higher than the attached biomass rates in the first aerobic reactor, while the second aerobic reactor attached growth provided the highest rates of nitrification. Nitrifier populations monitored by qPCR demonstrated the presence of the AOB Nitrosomonas oligotropha and the NOBs Nitrospira and Nitrobacter. Results from mathematical modeling calibrated to process performance was in agreement with qPCR measurements in terms of the relative quantities of AOBs and NOBs in the different phases.


Technological advancement in the field of information-and-communication technologies (ICT) was rapid during the first decade of the new millennium. Universities started to use the new information-and-communication technologies more in their core processes, which speeded up their transformation from the traditional campus mode toward virtual universities. Research done in this thesis first investigates the traditional campus university's change process toward the virtual university model. During the implementation process a geographically distributed elearning concept was also developed for university use. This concept was transferred and researched in the small and medium enterprise (SME) context in the last part of this research. In large and complex organizations such as universities, it is difficult to find out how the change really was implemented. The literature on change management is voluminous but is dominated by descriptions of single projects. To overcome the limitations of such case studies, this research applies a longer and wider perspective to the change process and, by the introduction of an overarching method that categorizes the investments, shows more clearly the trends, stages of, and the barriers to the development. This long-term study is based on 116 development projects during a ten-year period in a decentralized and networked development environment. In the company setting, conventional training is being replaced more and more by e-learning. To scaffold SMEs in their e-learning adaptation, the concept of e-learning was transferred to the SME environment. The company cases' part of the thesis presents how the transferability of geographically distributed e-learning concept was developed and tested in the SME environment. As a result, the principles that guided ICT strategy implementation and how the strategies were implemented during a ten-year period are presented. The concept for geographically distributed elearning environments and its development are also introduced. Finally, the process and results from the concept implementation to the SME environment are presented. This thesis presents university management with an understanding of how larger long-term trends give us the possibility to better understand today's fast-paced changes. It also gives company managers an example of how models developed in the university environment can be transferred to the company environment.


Purpose:To assess the efficacy and safety of fixed-dosed mitiglinide/voglibose in terms of glycemic and lipid parameters, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who switch their therapy from glinides or α-GIs. Methods:Fourteen outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who had inadequate glycemic control with diet and exercise therapy, and antidiabetic medication with a glinide or α-GI alone, were eligible for this study. After switching from their prior glinide or α-GI monotherapy to fixed-dosed mitiglinide/voglibose combination therapy for 16 weeks, we evaluated the effects of the combination on fasting glycemic and lipid parameters in the observation period(0 week), and at 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks after administering the combination. In addition, we conducted meal load tests using a test meal in 8 non-hemodialysis patients and evaluated postprandial glycemic and lipid parameters at 30 and 60 minutes after this loading in the observation period(0 week)and at 16 weeks after administering the combination. Results:Four of 14 subjects were hemodialysis patients who started the combination therapy from once a day. Based on this patient background, we evaluated efficacy of the combination by dividing them into 10 non-dialysis patients and 4 dialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In 10 non-dialysis patients, 8 patients switched from a prior α-GI, and 2 patients from a prior glinide. After switching to the combination therapy from the prior drugs, HbA1c and GA significantly decreased(p<0.05)in a parallel fashion after 4 weeks. The mean HbA1c and GA values were 8.38±0.48% and 23.16±1.69% respectively in the observation period, then 6.87±0.19% and 18.09±0.92% after 16 weeks. The differences from the observation period were -1.49±0.53% and -4.61±1.70% respectively. 1,5-AG significantly increased(p<0.05)after 4 weeks, and was inversely correlated with HbA1c and GA. The mean 1,5-AG value was 7.41±1.68μg/mL in the observation period, and 14.26 ±2.51μg/mL after 16 weeks, which was a difference from the observation period of +6.40±2.56μg/mL. In the subgroup of patients with an HbA1c of more than 7.4% and with less than 10μg/mL of 1,5-AG in the observation period, both glycemic parameters clearly improved after treatment with the combination, demonstrating its clinical usefulness. In addition, with test meal loads, the combination significantly increased(p<0.05)early insulin secretion and improved postprandial hyperglycemia at 30 and 60 minutes post-load in the patients with prior use of an α-GI. Furthermore, in 3 hemodialysis patients, the combination also improved GA and HbA1c. Conclusions:A fixed-dosed mitiglinide/voglibose combination significantly improved the glycemic parameters of HbA1c, GA and 1,5-AG by reducing postprandial glycemic excursions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had switched therapy from glinides or α-GIs.


The problem of trajectory tracking and set point regulation is investigated for an underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) moving on the horizontal plane with only the surge force and yaw moment available.Based on Lyapunov's direct method and cascade-backstepping approach,an unified,continuous time-varying state feedback controller is designed by adopting a tracking error transformation with a dynamic oscillator.Meanwhile,a parameter adaptive update law is proposed to estimate the nonlinear damping terms of the AUV.These controllers guarantee the position/orientation tracking errors of the AUV globally exponentially converge to a neighborhood about the origin that can be made arbitrarily small.Moreover,the tracking performance of the AUV is external disturbances independent.Simulation results validate the proposed method.


1. Mosquito larvae (Culex pipiens) were found to be extremely resistant to rather high concentrations of various acids.2. The order of toxicity of the acids used is, salicylic > oxalic > HgCl > butyric > acetic.3. The chemicals seem to penetrate the animal orally and not cutaneously.4. Animals withstand rather high concentration of HgCl2, considerably in excess of that found for other organisms cited.


Series of letters, in English and Spanish, re: arrangements for sponsorship of L. D. Miles' trip to Brazil to meet with various companies.


Morous Alba, known as white mulberry contains many oxidative flavonoids, widely used in the treatment of many diseases like hyperglycemia, inflammation, fever and cancer. In the present study we investigated the interaction of extracted flavonoids from Iranian Morus Alba leaves with DNA as a main target for anticancer drugs. Various spectroscopic techniques (UV/Vis, CD and Fluorescence Spectroscopy) were used to detect the interaction. In vivo studies also were done to confirm the effectiveness of the extracted flavonoids. The spectroscopic results showed that the extracted flavonoids bind to DNA especially to the sugar-phosphate backbone and making DNA conformational changes upon this binding. Experiments on the cancerous mice with solid tumors indicated that the treatment of mice with these extracted flavonoids increased significantly the life span but they did not have any effects on the tumor size reduction. These data suggest that Morus Alba flavonoids may use as an effective natural anticancer drug in the near future.


When I considered # MeToo as a potential subject for my editorial page, I must confess I was skeptical. An inner voice nudged me-can't you choose a less sensitive theme? Surely, there is no dearth of technical and professionally relevant topics that are of interest to ophthalmologists. Another voice countered if you can do an unbiased and gender-neutral evaluation, there is no reason to hold back. After all, women do form a major workforce in our profession and the #MeToo movement has transformed into a burning issue that has attracted much attention the world over. So, I thought to myself, let me take up the challenge and discover if I can do justice to it.


SIR,-In their study Drs B Hunt and DM Geddes (Thorax January 1985;40:23-6) make the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) on dubious grounds. CF is a generalised disease of exocrine glands. The diagnosis requires demonstration of exocrine gland abnormalities uniquely characteristic of the disease. The sweat of children with CF is uniquely characteristic. A sweat Na or Cl concentration of greater than 60 mEq/l is diagnostic if there is also evidence of pulmonary disease or pancreatic disease or a family history of CF. Other causes of a positive result in the sweat test' are usually easy to rule out. In adults the sweat test is less helpful. Na or Cl concentrations above 60 mEq/l are common in normal people.2 A concentration below 50 mEq/l does, however, rule out CF. Pulmonary changes in CF are primarily the result of chronic infection and are not, by themselves, diagnostic. Drs Hunt and Geddes put faith in the diagnostic significance of suppression of sweat Na concentration by fludrocortisone, as described by Hodson et al.3 This paper presents a graph where two CF patients have no drop in sweat Na concentration after the steroid, while two control subjects show a marked suppression. The data on all patients, unfortunately, are much less impressive. The average suppression in controls is 26.3%, while that in CF patients is 8.7%. The average Na concentration, before steroid, in the controls was 43.2 mEq/l and that in the CF patients 103.0 mEq/l. The authors did not calculate the average drop in Na concentration. This is 11.4 mEq/l for the controls and 9.0 mEq/l for the CF patients. The difference between these numbers is not significant and is not of diagnostic importance. The diagnosis of CF in an adult can be established. All exocrine glands are involved. Almost every CF male has total obstruction of the vas deferens. Eighty five per cent to 90% of all patients have virtually total obstruction of the pancreatic ducts. With a positive sweat test and pulmonary disease, the demonstration of either azoospermia or absent pancreatic enzymes confirms the diagnosis. Even the difficult case of a woman without malabsorption may be diagnosed. When the CF pancreas is only partially obstructed the pancreatic juice is still abnormal. The output of enzymes may be normal, but the outputs of water and bicarbonate are markedly, and diagnostically, reduced.45 A duodenal drainage can establish the diagnosis.


The aim of this paper is to estimate the substitution of products bias in the calculation of consumer inflation, therefore, estimate the inflation taking into account the possibility of switching goods in a basket of products, in response to a change in relative prices. Following previous works, the estimation of the bias was made comparing a Laspeyres index for a subgroups of IPCA with the inflation measure by the Theil-Tornqvist index. However, it needs frequent updates of the weighted structures and as there are no surveys of family consumption in Brazil that provide periodic weighted structures, these had to be estimated. To do it, were used micro data of POF 95-96. The substitution bias estimated was 3,33 p.p of August 1999 to June 2006, which is equivalent of saying that the consumer inflation was overestimated in 0,31 p.p per year. With the impossibility of working with a more highly disaggregated level of IPCA (the sub items), certainly the calculated bias was underestimated. If the bias estimated was discounted from adjustment given to retirement and other benefits granted by the Ministry of Welfare and Social Assistance, the government could have saved, from 2000 to June 2006, approximately R$ 8 billions.


The morphology and thermal conductivity of injection-molded polyamide 46 (PA46) samples were investigated in this study. It was found that injection molding parameters had no influence on the thermal conductivity. This was attributed to the high crystallization speed and therefore imperfect crystal structure of PA46. By annealing of some samples at 260°C for 24 h the thermal conductivity was increased by 30%. Polarization light microscopy revealed only minor changes of the visible morphological structure for the as molded and annealed samples. For the investigation of the sample crystallinity via Raman spectroscopy an analysis method was established and the term "Raman crystallinity" is introduced as the intensity ratio of characteristic Raman bands. Via Raman crystallinity it was possible to distinguish between different mold temperatures and the annealed PA46 samples showed a significantly increased Raman crystallinity. Our results show that the thermal conductivity of PA46 primarily depends on the crystal structure on a length scale of crystallites. The size of the visible spherulite-like structures did not correlate with the change in thermal conductivity. A correlation of the Raman crystallinity with the thermal conductivity of PA46 was shown. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2231–2236, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers


In one of our recent publications [1], a formula for the computation of the strain energy release rate from 3-D singularity finite elements was derived based on the Irwin's Crack Closure Integral (ICCI) method. In this paper, the stress intensity factors of embedded elliptical and semi-elliptical surface cracks in a finite thickness plate subjected to tension are calculated using this formula. Comparisons between the numerical results obtained using the formula and those from the literature [2,3] showed that the proposed technique yields accurate stress intensity factors.


Many of the high energy physics questions addressed by the Fermilab Fixed Target Experiments are also of interest to the members of the nuclear community. Some recent highlights of the program, including studies of A-dependence of cross sections, evidence for parton rescattering in nuclear media, studies of heavy quark production, evidence for color transparency, and insights into QCD from meson systems, are discussed.


The emphasis of bridge health monitoring should be placed on safety alarming.The Bachimen Bridge,a continuous rigid-frame bridge,was selected as the engineering background in this paper.Firstly,the structural health monitoring of the Bridge was briefly introduced.Secondly,the methods of monitoring data processing and determination of normal limit values of safety assessment were investigated.Furthermore,dynamic updating of the finite element model was conducted on the basis of structural health monitoring,and the baseline finite element(FE) model of the Bridge was then established and verified.Finally,the safety threshold values of safety assessment of the Bridge were determined using the baseline FE model.Conclusions are drawn from monitoring and FE analysis as follows: The health monitoring system of the Bridge can meet the basic requirements of bridge health monitoring and safety assessment;the methods for determination of normal limit values based on long-term health monitoring and safety threshold values based on the baseline FE model can provide scientific basis for setting of the safety alarming values of the bridge health monitoring system.


An ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) with superior barrier properties was used as an organic component to prepare EVOH/SiO2 hybrid materials with improved gas barrier properties with a sol–gel method. As a silane coupling agent, 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane (IPTES) was used to promote interfacial attraction between the organic EVOH segments and the inorganic silicate network in the hybrid. The phase compatibility was evaluated by analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and phase morphology and the optical properties of the hybrids. We confirmed that the addition of the silane coupling agent IPTES up to some level of content resulted in enhanced phase compatibility and optical transparency of the nanostructured hybrid material with a homogeneous phase morphology exhibiting no microphase separation. For the preparation of the monolayer coated film, the biaxially oriented polypropylene substrate pretreated with a corona was coated with the hybrid sols by a spin-coating method. The oxygen permeation behavior through the coated film was examined with various contents of the silane coupling agent IPTES and inorganic silicate precursor tetraethoxyorthosilicate in the hybrid system. Consequently, it was revealed that an optimum range of IPTES and tetraethoxyorthosilicate contents was required to produce high barrier EVOH/SiO2 hybrid materials with a stable homogeneous microstructure and enhanced optical transparency. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010


The list of the doomed courtiers' offenses begins with crimes against the nation and the king. It ends with crimes against Bolingbroke himself — and the final, most grievous offense they have committed against him is to impair his reputation by dishonoring his coat of arms. Worse than the confiscation of his lands and houses is the removal of his arms from the windows. The loss of a thing is bad enough; the loss of a sign is much more serious. That Shakespeare should show Bolingbroke giving this much importance to heraldic signs is not surprising. As a nobleman, Bolingbroke should feel all the power of heraldry. It was a power Shakespeare himself felt, going to the trouble of having arms granted not just to his father, but also to his mother, so that he could have borne a quartered coat that showed him heir to two gentle families. But Bolingbroke the politician also knows the power of the sign. First, it makes a claimant to the crown seem like a prince if he shows a prince's concern for reputation over all things; and second, the symbols of power are in fact often the key to power itself. The Tudors recognized this fact, as shown by their treatment of those who trifled with those symbols, like Surrey the poet. Heraldry, like the related dialects of imprese and emblems, was a language that spoke very powerfully to Englishmen of the Renaissance — and has spoken, forcefully or quietly, to many in Western culture from the twelfth century to the present day. It is quite appropriate to consider heraldry as a language, and not just


Neurobiology of Addiction. By George F. Koob and Michel Le Moal. Academic Press (Elsevier), London, 2006. 502 pp. $129, £79.95. ISBN 0-12-419239-4. The authors offer a survey and synthesis of our current understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of addiction.


Dialkyl phosphinates are valuable peptide mimics fo r metallopeptidase targets. Despite their large pharmaceutical potential, the synthesis of many pho sphinates remains challenging. An additional drawback for many applications is the high polarity of the phosphinate group. Herein we describe the synthesis of stereoisomerically pure GPI ( 1), a phosphinate with high binding affinity for the cancer specific zinc peptidase PSMA (prostate speci fic membrane antigen). In addition, analogous cyclic phosphinate esters 13 , 16 and 23 are reported that might be useful as less polar li gands for metallo peptidase binding. The key step to these ne w 1,2-oxaphosphorinan-2-ones is an intramolecular cyclization of an intermediate H-phosphinate. The cyclizations work with modest diastereoselectivities of ~2:1 in favor of the trans arrangement of substituents at 2- and 4-position of the 1,2-oxaphosphorinan-2-one scaffolds.


DNA methylation is an important mechanism regulating gene transcription, and its role in carcinogenesis has been extensively studied. Hyper and hypomethylation of genes is a major mechanism of gene expression deregulation in a wide range of diseases. At the same time, high-throughput DNA methylation assays have been developed generating vast amounts of genome wide DNA methylation measurements. However, these assays remain extremely expensive and they are not performed systematically. On the contrary, pathology images are part of the common procedure in cancer treatment and they are relatively cheap. The goal of this project was to study the correlations between pathology images and DNA methylation. We have shown that it was possible to predict the methylation profile of a patient from the pathology images using deep learning. More precisely, we used convolutional neural networks on pathology images to predict the methylation state of the patient (binary value). This project idea originated from Pr Gevaert's group at Stanford who developed a software called MethylMix to identify disease specific hyper and hypomethylated genes.


Flow-Induced Vibration for Light Water Reactors (FIV for LWRs) is a four-year program designed to improve the FIV performance of light water reactors through the development of design criteria, analytical models for predicting behavior of components, general scaling laws to improve the accuracy of reduced-scale tests, and the identification of high FIV risk areas. The program is managed by the General Electric Nuclear Power Systems Engineering Department and has three major contributors: General Electric Nuclear Power Systems Engineering Department (NPSED), General Electric Corporate Research and Development (CR and D) and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The program commenced December 1, 1976, but was suspended on September 30, 1978, due to a shift in Department of Energy (DOE) priorities away from LWR productivity/availability. It was reinitiated as of August 1, 1979. A second program suspension occurred from March 29, 1980 through May 16, 1980, due to funding limits. This progress report summarizes the accomplishments achieved during the period from Janury 1980 to June 1980.


This present study is aimed to investigate the students feeling when they are asked for extensive reading, in case of reading news. The non-English department students who take English course are involved as the participants. The data were gathered from students' emotion diaries and interviews. Data were analysed by a constant comparative method. The salient points that emerge from the data are positive and negative emotions elaborating into four forms of emotions, namely (1) attention, (2) motivation, (3) use of learning strategies, and (4) self-regulation of learning. The implication of this present study is a mapping of students feeling for non-English departments on extensive reading


The RAM C-3 flight experiment was launched to study the problem of radiofrequency blackout at an entry velocity of 24,300 ft/sec. The flight is described, and data for the entry trajectory and environment, which include the effects of actual temperature measured the day of launch, are presented. An analysis of entry spacecraft motions was performed. This analysis included the determination of wind angles from measured accelerations and estimates of wind angles at high altitudes from gyro-measured rotation rates. The maximum wind angles were found to be less than 5 deg to the point of pitch-roll resonance where the total wind angle increased to 8.5 deg and the roll rate started decreasing. A plausible cause for the decrease in roll rate was shown to be a combination of trim angle and an offset center of gravity.


Introduction: Hydrogen bonding is widely studied in an array of chemical systems such as amino acids because they comprise a fundamental building block for biologically important molecules. This is due to the neutral/zwitterionic conformer possibilities that the amino and carboxylic acid functional groups provide. In this research we focused on the stability comparison between the neutral and zwitterionic forms of alanine.
Theoretical model: In these studies which have been reported for alanine, the X3LYP functional resulted in hydration energy discrepancies of less than 3% when compared to CCSD(T) calculations using the same 6-311++G(d,p) basis set for the first and 6-311+G(2dp,p) for the second methods. Based on these reports, the geometry optimizations were carried out using the X3LYP hybrid functional with the 6-31G(d) and 6-31++G(d,p) basis sets in Gaussian 09 package.
Results and discussion: All the structures of the neutral Ala, Ala–(H2O)n=1–5 and ZAla–(H2O)n=2–5 complexes have been optimized at X3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory . The binding energy of Ala–(H2O)n=1–5 complexes is calculated using the relationship: BE = Ecomplex _ (EAla + EH2O) and the values are calculated. The values of Gibbs energy and enthalpy of ZAla–(H2O)n=2–5 complexes are presented relative to the corresponding Ala–(H2O)n=2–5 complexes. The frequencies of hydrogen bond bridging modes, O--H and N--H have also been calculated. During the stepwise addition of water molecules it has been observed that the stable structure of ZAla–(H2O) complex does not exist in gas phase. We found that at least two water molecules are needed to stabilize the structure of ZAla in gas phase. It is also observed that the hydration process enhances the values of valence angle due to the redistribution and localization of charges among the water molecules. The Gibbs energies, interaction enthalpies and entropies of the complexes were also determined. The computed values of Gibbs energy and enthalpy are found to minimum for the ZAla–(H2O)5 complex which is contrast to similar reports. Atom in molecule (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) methods have been used for hydrogen bond strength comparison and electrostatic charge changes during the hydrogen bond evolution.


The article presents the organization and implementation of the training practice and pre-graduation training for Social Pedagogy students at the Trakia University in Stara Zagora. The state of emergency declared due to the COVID-19 pandemic imposed the research, development and implementation of new forms of training that were never before employed for educating the future specialists. It also defines new problems in the organization, tracking, and assessment of the training and demonstrates solutions that include the active participation of all representatives – academic tutors, mentors from the institutions, students from both forms of education (full-time and part-time).

The article presents the results from an on-line survey, carried out among the students and draws conclusions about the effectiveness of the alternative organization of the training. The author also shares ideas about the inclusion of new elements in the organization an implementation of the practical training of future students.


A new kind of gas detector based on gas electron multiplier (GEM) is studied for X-ray imaging of high luminosity. A single-GEM device is designed to test the property of GEM foil .The effective gain and counting capability of a double-GEM detector are measured by an X-ray tube with Cu target. An initial X-ray imaging experiment is carried out using a triple-GEM detector and the position resolution of less than 0.1mm is achieved. The 3D distribution of electrostatic field of GEM mesh is also presented.


Since the beginning of the recent recession, there has been a growing interest in timely information about lending conditions in the corporate sector: indeed, access to credit is one of the main channels through which a financial crisis may spread to the real sector of the economy. This may be particularly true in the case of Italy, where banking credit is by and large the main financing channel for firms: in the presence of a bank-oriented industry, any contagion on the inter-banking market could indeed put at risk the principal source of external finance, especially for SMEs (see on this Panetta and Signoretti, 2010 and Beck et al. 2006). On the basis of these considerations, since March 2008 a special ad hoc section reporting information on firms' perceptions about credit access conditions was added to the Italian ISTAT Confidence surveys on the Manufacturing and Services sectors; since May 2009 the questions were extended to the Construction sector survey. Surveys ask firms about credit conditions they are experiencing on financial markets: hence, data concerns credit demand, complementary to the supply side information obtained from other sources such as the Bank Lending Survey (BLS, see de Bondt et al. 2010; Del Giovane et al. 2010). Our aim is to analyse possible correlates of the probability for a firm to face worsening credit conditions, credit restrictions or credit rationing. In doing this, we use information on a variety of firm's characteristics available from the surveys, including firm size in terms of employees, sector and location of activity, firms' assessment on demand and production activity, export share on turnover and productive internationalisation (offshoring). More specifically, following the analysis of Rottman and Wollmershaumer (2010) based on IFO survey data, we estimate the probability that a firm with healthy current business conditions and good outlook for the future will report restrictive credit supply policy, with a particular focus on the evolution of credit conditions during the crisis for SMEs. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first study providing a timely analysis of the bank-firm relationship from a borrower perspective for Italy, also considering the peculiar role of SMEs in the Italian industry and the effects of the crisis on their credit conditions and perspectives.


In this paper,we firstly analyzed the close relationship of Chemistry and society.Then we expatiated the importance of setting up"Social Chemistry"course in college or university,especially in normal colleges.


A kind of landslide involving small scars of superficial soil, which is also called "soil slip", is usually triggered by short duration and intense rainfalls and mostly occurs on slopes composed of an impermeable bedrock and a shallow very permeable layer. Soil slips caused a lot of property damages and casualties in Italy and all over the world during the last few years. Since 1997, at the Department of Civil Engineering of University of Parma, has been carried out a research to develop a physically-based model to foresee the triggering of soil slips on spatial scale. The model has been validated, at local scale, on the basis of some case-histories. The model is deliberately simplified, in order to evaluate the safety factor of a slope in function of the geotechnical characteristic of soil, of geometrical features of the slope and of rainfall depth, which can be observed and forecasted. The model has been implemented in a platform for a real-time territory control, allowing the evaluation of regional soil slip susceptibility in the area of Emilia Romagna Region (Northern Italy). In the paper the model has been used to back analyse the occurrence of the phenomenon in some recent case-histories occurred in the Emilia Romagna Appennines, on 10-11th April 2005 and on 19-20th May 2008. A procedure of back analysis, based on observed rainfall depths, shows the capability of the model in matching, on a wide area, the occurrence of the phenomenon in the case-histories analysed. The input data for the model, which have been introduced through a GIS framework, include slope geometric features, the geotechnical characteristics of involved soils, both in saturated and unsaturated conditions, the drainage capability of the slope, the way of rainfall infiltration, the time varying rainfalls. The paper shows as the model could be capable of reaching the final aim of mapping susceptible zones and setting up an alert system for people against the analysed phenomena, if coupled with a model of foreseen rainfalls.


Acephate was evaluated for control of cone and seed insects in southern pine seed orchards from 1980 to 1985. Insecticides compared with acephate during this study were azinphosmethyl, fenvalerate,...


This paper describes a new method for in vivo sound measurement in the reflection mode. The mean sound speed between the reflector and linear array transducer is measured using the following three parameters: time of flight, time of flight difference, and distance between two receiver elements. To detect time of flight, the system delay‐line time compensator is adjusted to obtain the sharpest reflector image.


* Introduction: Psychological Study of Terrorism * Terrorism as Group Violence * Chemical and Biological Violence: Predictive Patterns in State and Terrorist Behavior * Negotiating Crises: The Evolution of Hostage/Barricade Crisis Negotiation * Ethical Concerns in Forensic Consultation Regarding National Safety and Security * Index * Reference Notes Included


[†] Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China. Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China [‡] Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China *E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com


There has been little discussion of the impact of Hillary Clinton's gender on her electoral prospects, but are American men really ready for a female President? Looking at the results of a new experiment, Dan Cassino finds that the threat to male identity embodied by Clinton is costing her as much as 24 points among men, and bringing her down by 8 points overall.


Background. As has been demonstrated by Russian and foreign experience the implementation of combined vaccines within national immunization schedule (NIS) reduces the overall number of injections, enhances vaccination commitment, and as consequence leads to higher vaccination coverage. Objective .Pharmacoeconomic analysis of planned immunization of children aged from 3 to 18 months with combined diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, haemophilus influenza b vaccine (DTaP/IPV/Hib) within Russian Federation NIS. Methods. Modelling; estimation economic method: cost analysis, budget impact analysis. Results. Only health system costs on four planned pentavalent vaccines requires application of 1 013 955 985 roubles. From the government and society perspective the change-over to combined vaccine allows to retrench 1 825 385 700 roubles for children aged from 3 to 18 months for all horizon period. Conclusion. According to budget impact analysis such change-over with controlling only health system costs will require extra expenses. According to government and society perspective (that means social and other expenditures not covered with health system budget) the implementation of scheme of 4-time combined vaccine injections for all cohort allows to reduce cost loading related to infectious disease burden. Present analysis indicated the advisability of pentavalent vaccine implementation for all children within Russian national immunization schedule.


Franz Kafka's Letter to His Father is a parasitical autobiography.Kafka's complicated understanding of the origin of his self determines the deep structure of this work's narration.Kafka constantly adjusts and revises his narrations between"once"and"always",and he finally depicts a selfportrait in which he has a deep symbiosis with his father.This portrait is also a symbolical representation of the far-reaching imagination of the relationship between his literary works and his"father".


an attack by war vessels of the Russian fleet, commanded by Admiral Rojzhestvensky, who opened fire on the fishing vessels at (a range of about a quarter of a mile distant. All the hands on board the Crane, excepting the cook and engine-room staff, were engaged in gutting fish. At the time the vessel was struck the cook was in his sleeping berth, through which a shell passed; but beyond a slight abrasion on his left cheek, caused by splinters, he received no serious injury. It will, however, be seen how narrow had been his escape from more serious injury, if not actual death. A signal of distress was shown that the Crane was sinking, and the trawler Gull, of the same fleet, came alongside and took on board the injured men and the bodies of the two men who had been killed, the Crane sinking shortly afterwards. The bodies of the skipper and third hand were subsequently transferred to the Moulmein, and conveyed to Hull, the injured


WL-1017; This guide focuses on how to reduce the risk of pesticide exposure to nontarget organisms. "A cooperative project of the NDSU Extension Service and the North American Waterfowl Management Plan Prairie Pothole Joint Venture."


Coronary artery bifurcation lesions are complex and several classifications are presented to describe them. Recently, the Medina classification has been proposed. This classification uses binary values for characterization of stenosis. Flow conditions according to Medina classification have not been described. In this paper, bifurcation lesions corresponding to anatomical Medina lesion classification are compared on the basis of flow and Wall Shear Stress (WSS). Computational models of healthy and stenosed coronary artery bifurcations ((1, 1, 1), (0, 1, 1) and (1, 0, 1)) with moderate and severe stenoses of 50% and 75% diameter were analyzed. The results showed that, flow conditions vary in bifurcation lesion types according to the clinically-oriented Medina classification. The flow in SB of bifurcation was dependent of the Medina lesion type and was more affected in lesion type (1, 0, 1). The magnitudes of WSS on the inner and outer walls of SB of bifurcation lesion (1, 0, 1) in post-stenotic region and along the arterial wall were smaller than bifurcations lesions (0, 1, 1) and (1, 1, 1) respectively. Our results suggest that SB of bifurcation lesion (1, 0, 1) is more prone to atherosclerosis progression compared to types (0, 1, 1) and (1, 1, 1).


(57) Abstract: Non aggressive locator, repeated fixing methods in medical treatment be carried out use particular bite plate (26). Bite plate (26) has at least three positions marker (38), the position marker (38) LED, radiolucent markers for angiography graph, computer-controlled tomography (CT) imaging marker or nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) can be imaging marker. The marker patients by detecting the position of (38) (14) inside the property site can determine the position of (cerebral cancer shed radiation, other intracranial target) with extremely high precision. Since the bite plate (26) is shaped to match individually to the teeth of each patient, it can be removed after the first imaging of a patient (14). Then, again mounted bite plate (26) to the teeth, to position the characteristic site in known position relative to the detected marker.


A TECHNIQUE FOR ORAL TESTING IN THE LANGUAGE LABORATORY IS OUTLINED. TO PROPERLY TEST STUDENTS' ORAL ABILITY, THE TEST SHOULD BE PREPARED LIKE THE LESSONS -CUE OR QUESTION, STUDENT RESPONSE, CORRECT RESPONSE. SO AS NOT TO REQUIRE EXCESSIVE GRADING TIME ON THE TEACHER'S PART, THE LABORATORY SHOULD HAVE FACILITIES TO START AND STOP STUDENT TAPE RECORDERS REMOTELY, AND TO RECORD STUDENT TAPES ON MORE THAN ONE CONSOLE TAPE RECORDER. THE FACT THAT LABORATORIES WITH PROVISIONS FOR TESTING ARE NOT READILY AVAILABLE INDICATES APATHY OR IGNORANCE ABOUT THE LABORATORY'S POTENTIAL AS A TESTING, AS WELL AS A TEACHING, DEVICE. THIS ARTICLE APPEARED IN "LANGUAGE LEARNING," VOLUME 17, DECEMBER 1967, PAGES


A fundamental problem in computational geometry is the computation of the topology of an algebraic plane curve given by its implicit equation, that is, the computation of a graph lines that approximates the curve while preserving its topology. A critical step in many algorithms computing the topology of a plane curve is the computation of the set of singular and extreme points (wrt x) of this curve, which is equivalent to the computation of the solutions of bivariate systems defined by the curve and some of its partial derivatives. In this thesis, we study form theoretical and practical perspectives the problem of solving systems of bivariate polynomials with integer coefficients. More precisely, we investigate the computation of a Rational Univariate Representation (RUR) of the solutions of a bivariate system, that is, a one-to-one mapping that sends the roots of a univariate polynomial to the solutions of the bivariate system. We first present a theoretical algorithm for computing the RUR of a bivariate system that improves the best complexity bound for this problem by a factor d^2 where d denote the degree of the input polynomials and allows to derive a new bound on the size of the polynomials of the RUR. We then present an algorithm for computing a RUR that is efficient in practice. This algorithm, based on some random choices and the use of multi-modular computation is probabilistic. We first present a Monte-Carlo variante of this algorithm, and then show how to transforme the latter into a Las-Vegas algorithm by checking the result for correctness. The complexity analysis as well as the experiment we performed show the efficiency of this algorithm.


Abstract: The ternary complex model of G‐protein‐linkage to receptors holds that agonists increase the affinity of the receptors for the G protein. Consequently, an agonist can exert the greatest inhibition of the binding of radioligands which are also agonists. We hypothesized that competition from endogenous dopamine in striatum of living mice should thus have a greater effect on the binding of the D2,3 agonist N‐[3H]propylnorapomorphine ([3H]NPA), than on the binding of the D2,3 antagonist [11C]raclopride in living brain. The binding potential (pB(0)), defined as the ratio of bound‐to‐unbound ligand after reserpine treatment, was measured in mouse striatum for [11C]raclopride,


Collaboration technologies to support teamwork have been adopted by many organizations across the globe. While developed regions(such as Western Europe and North America). have witnessed widespread adoption and use of these technologies, there is scarcity of research exploring their utilization in developing regions like Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America. Given the development of a world economy and trends towards globalization, opportunities exist for organizations in developing regions to adopt collaboration technologies to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of team work in face-to-face and virtual settings within and across organizational boundaries. This min-track addresses collaboration technologies in developing regions. In the fifth year of this mini-track, we accepted four papers for inclusion in the HICSS conference proceedings. The first paper is titled "Investigating antecedents and development of trust in ridesharing platform: A case from China" by Ying Bao, Xusen Cheng, and Douglas Druckenmiller. In their paper, the authors aim to investigate trust antecedents and the dynamic development of clients' trust in ridesharing platforms.102 two-stage interviews from clients of a major Chinese ridesharing platform were conducted to identify the antecedents of initial trust and ongoing trust. The authors found that the antecedents of trust in the two stages are different and propose a theoretical model based on literature and data analysis. Their findings help understand how trust evolves over time and will serve as a base for future studies in this area. The second paper is titled "Enabling the identification of industrial symbiosis through ICT" by Anna Anoug Luetje, Martina Willenbacher, Andreas Möller and Volker Wohlgemuth. Industrial Symbiosis is a business tool to optimize and close cycles of materials and energy. In this paper, the authors aim to design a preliminary concept of an IT supported Industrial Symbiosis tool that supports the identification and assessment of Industrial Symbiosis potentials, providing more transparency among market players and proposing potential cooperation partners according to selectable criteria. By analyzing the previous studies and quantitative methods, this study provides important insights into IT supported Industrial Symbiosis tool. The third paper is titled "Understanding patients' word-of-mouth about online health consultation: From the perspective of text mining" by Yezheng Liu, Xue Zhang, Jianshan Sun, Yuanchun Jiang and Zhiqiang Tian. Online health communities(OHCs)have attracted attention in both research and practice. This paper attempts to research review systems on OHCs to understand the interests, motivations, and expectations of patients. Based on 384,650 textual reviews, the authors deploy text-mining techniques. Their findings help to improve the design of OHCs, enhance the quality of e-Health service, and maintain a harmonious physician-patients relationship. The fourth paper is titled "How text mining algorithms for crowdsourcing can help us to identify today's pressing societal issues" byAnna Köhl, Simon Fuger, Moritz N. Lang, Johann Füller and Martin Stuchtey. In their paper, the authors address the sheer amount of content created by the community. By applying an automated text mining technique, they found automated approaches revealed numerous possibilities to make use of unused content of IT enabled collaboration projects. The study provides important insights into accelerating the solution process for today's pressing societal issues. These four papers all focused on research frontier in information technology including: Ridesharing, Industrial Symbiosis, OHCs, and Crowdsourcing. Based on qualitative methods, case studies and text mining, these papers contribute to the area of IT-enabled collaboration for development with implications for practice. In conclusion, we would like to thank all the authors who submitted their papers to our mini-track and all the reviewers who provided valuable feedback to the authors of submitted manuscripts. As we move forward, we hope to attract more researchers from developing regions to participate in our mini-track. Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences | 2019


The growth of lactic acid bacteria in unpacked braised duck leg during storage at different temperatures(5,10,15,20 ℃ and 25 ℃) was measured and corresponding Gompertz growth models were fitted,each with a R2 value of lager than 0.99.The relationships of temperature with the maximum specific growth rate and lag phase were described with the Belehradek function as predictive second-order models for the growth of lactic acid bacteria in duck meat.The predictive models were statistically significant,as confirmed by analysis of variance(ANOVA).They allowed accurate prediction of the growth of lactic acid bacteria in duck leg at 5–25 ℃ and therefore could provide references for predicting spoilage microbial growth in braised duck leg.


Meaning and the Listening Subject" likewise comes across to the reader as taking precedence over the musical text itself. Cubitt's interest is not in harmonic analysis, but in semiotics and how a listening subject participates in the construction of a song's meaning. But the object of his analysis, Chuck Berry's "Maybellene," nearly gets lost in the process, serving more as an example than a topic. In "Listening to Peter Gabriel's 'I Have the Touch,' " Umberto Fiori focuses strictly on the lyrics and the process by which they articulate meaning, ignoring completely the roles of instrumental timbre, rhythm, pitch, and gesture. If the field of popular music studies is to succeed in its effort to be taken seriously within the scholarly musical community, it would do well to follow Middleton's advice by insisting on a comprehensive accounting of the way the musical sounds and gestures themselves contribute to a song's meaning, while avoiding the pitfalls of analytical formalism that often hamstring classical music analysis. This collection contains examples of a variety of methodological models, some of which demonstrate just how to achieve that balance.


Summary Coherence cube is a powerful tool in seismic interpretation for imaging geological discontinuities such as faults and fractures. However, subtle faults and fractures are difficult to be distinguished on slices from coherence cubes due to the interference of neighboring traces and noise. In this paper, we propose a way of using histogram specification techniques to enhance subtle faults or fractures in coherence cubes. Application to the real data set shows that the new method enhanced the details of coherence noticeably.


. With the continuous development of new technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality, its application in the field of large vehicle operation training is becoming more and more extensive. Based on the practice of smoking vehicle operation and training, this paper designs an intelligent interactive training system based on the integration of artificial intelligence technology and augmented reality technology, and researches and demonstrates the key technologies of its implementation. It realizes the superposition and interaction of virtual equipment, such as virtual animation and model, and real installation and real scene, provides a good virtual interactive experience of augmented reality,meetsthetrainingneedsundercomplexconditionsinthefield,andprovides technicalsupportfortheimprovementoftrainingqualityandbenefit.


This book presents the influence exerted by the media on children and adolescents in relation to the early experimentation with psychoactive substances. And the pedagogical-theological intervention as a preventive strategy. The influence on the human being through media mechanisms that condition him to the action expected by the conditioning, has been studied for a long time, by several authors such as Aldous Huxley with his book "Admirável Mundo Novo" that already addressed the conditionality of the human since the decade of 30. In the following decades, other theorists such as Edgar Morin and Guy Debord, analyzed how the human being is conditioned through mass culture and the society of the spectacle. The reality presented in relation to the conditioning of children and adolescents through the media has propelled the author, to seek preventive ways regarding the conditionality of human beings through the media. For that, it analyzed theorists like Paulo Freire and Michel Henry and their discoveries about the mediation of knowledge and the analysis of the Words of Christ and how they can contribute in the elaboration of pedagogical-theological interventions.


The flow of a planar liquid free surface jet impinging on a porous layer is theoretically examined, with particular emphasis on the influence of porosity ϕ, stress jump coefficient χ, and depth of the porous layer on the super- and sub-critical regions. Despite the numerous studies in the literature on the flow over a porous medium, the jet impingement on a porous layer has not been studied. An averaging integral approach is adopted to capture the flow in the developing boundary-layer and fully viscous regions upstream of the hydraulic jump. Asymptotic analyses for small distance from impingement, small porosity, and small porous layer depth are also conducted, elucidating the various mechanisms behind the behavior predicted numerically. We find a domain of validity for the stress jump coefficient χ in which numerical and experimental values of χ from the literature seem to fall. The transition point, where the outer edge of the boundary layer intersects the film surface, moves downstream with increasing porosity and stress jump coefficient accompanied by a drop in the film thickness. While the height of the hydraulic jump generally decreases with increasing ϕ for any permeability, the jump location decreases for small χ and increases for large χ.


SU gas field has complex geology,the reservoir in the field was featured with strong heterogeneity.Previously,part of research could not meet requirement for product.In this paper,some seismic attributes that include seismic waveform classification,spectral decomposition,3D visual,and AVO characteristics were extracted from pre-stack and post-stack seismic data that include far,near offset and full offset stacked seismic data.By integrating above information,the question of heterogeneity was solved to a certain extent and the reservoir and gas-bearing were predicated.At last,the pitfalls which occur in the application of seismic attribute are summarized.


One-zone inhomogeneous phenomenological nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge (NS-DBD) actuation model used for flow control simulation is established to investigate the flow control mechanisms, based on experiments and theoretical analysis. When the inhomogeneous phenomenological model is applied to a plate, the formation of spanwise vorticity is analyzed through the vorticity transport equation, and the spanwise vorticity is mainly engendered due to the baroclinicity of pressure gradient and density gradient, also due to the vorticity transfer by the flow convection in the vicinity of the actuation region. Agreement of the simulation with experiments on a column shows that the inhomogeneous phenomenological NS-DBD actuation model is reasonable. Separation control over NACA 0015 airfoil at high angle of attack indicates that the spanwise vortices induced by plasma actuation make the separated shear layer instable, promote interaction between shear layers, and downstream the separation point. Different excitation frequency has different effect on the lift, with the optimum reduced frequency F+ ≈ 6 in current simulation.


This publisher's note amends the author list and Acknowledgments of a recent publication [Biomed. Opt. Express6, 2120 (2015)].[This corrects the article on p. 2120 in vol. 6, PMID: 26114033.].


Vibrio parahaemolyticusis a prevalent food-borne pathogen in many Asian countries and has been spreading rapidly following the appearance of pandemic strains. This article reviews conventional and molecular methods for culturing, identifying, enumeratin g and rapidly detecting V. parahaemolyticus and its virulence factors, such as thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), TDH-related hemolysin and thermolabile hemolysin. It also discusses various molecular typing methods, namely, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, ribo typing, random amplified polymorphic DNA and three other polymerase chain reaction methods based on specific conserved nucleotide sequences, such as ribosomal gene spacer, repetitive extragenic palindromic and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences, for use in epidemiological investigations of this pathogen.


Watzlawick, Foreword. Introduction. Acknowledgments. Emergency Psychology. The People. The Problem. The Center. Some Facts and Figures. Beyond the Model. Communication Principles for High Stress or Dangerous Situations. Clinical Intervention in Emergency Situations. The First Telephone Contact with a Person in Crisis. Responding to an Emergency. Arriving at the Scene of an Emergency Without the Police. Basic Steps and Goals. Strategies for Defusing Emergencies. Hospitalizing Persons in Crisis. Deciding Whether or Not to Hospitalize. Assessment and Plan. Involuntary Hospitalization. The Homicidal or Dangerous Person. A Case Study Illustrating the Hospitalization Process. A Case Illustrating that Things are Not Always What They Appear to Be. Domestic Violence. The Scope of the Problem. Couples who Fight Violently. A Violent Husband. A Case of Murder Reconsidered. Battered Spouses. A Battered Wife. The Battered Child. What is Child Abuse? General Diagnostic Indications. Physical Indications. Assessing the Safety of a Home. Treatment of Child Abuse. Sexual Assault on Children. The Child Victim. The Adolescent Victim. The Incestuous Family. Victims of Violent Crimes. General Characteristics of Victim Behavior. Victims of Prolonged Terror. The Adult Woman Victim of Rape. General Considerations. Treatment Techniques. Sexual Factors in Rape. The Criminal Justice Process. The Support Network. Suicide. Etiology of Suicidal Behavior. An Interactional View. Methods of Prevention. A Serious Attempt. Anatomy of a Suicide. Clinical Ethics and Legal Responsibilities. General Principles. Duty to Hospitalize. Duty to Warn. Duty to Report. Special Characteristics of Emergency Work. Index.


Aim of the study is to: a) reveal statistically significant differences in argumentativeness, leadership style and employee satisfaction between gender and age, b) explore the relationship between perceived superiors' argumentativeness, leadership style and self-reported employees' job satisfaction, c) investigate the influence of argumentativeness on leadership style and employee satisfaction in sport organizations and d) propose an employees' and superiors' typology. The sample consisted of 211 Greek employees of sport organizations. According to MANOVA's findings, statistically significant differences were observed between gender and age in perceived superiors' argumentativeness, leadership style and self-reported employee satisfaction. Perceived superiors' argumentativeness was negatively related to autocratic leadership style, self-reported employees' salary and promotion. There was a positive significant relationship between superiors' argumentativeness and democratic leadership style, employees' work conditions, work content, immediate superior and organization as a whole. Regression analysis revealed that perceived superiors' argumentativeness could significantly predict the variables of democratic leadership style and employees' work conditions, work content and immediate superior. Distinct types of relations between employees and superiors are the "unitarist" and the "individualist".


1 Core Proteomics Laboratory, Kidney Disease Program, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. 2 Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. 4 Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA. 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. 6 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. Address correspondence to: Visith Thongboonkerd, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Introduction: Hearing loss consists of the loss of the ability to hear, more commonly known as deafness. The deaf population, especially in early ages, runs the risk of having problems in their oral health due to the inability to be educated and approached by dental personnel.
Objective: To report two cases of comprehensive, behavioral and clinical dental management of pediatric patients with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss.
Case presentation: In a community intervention aimed at deaf schoolchildren, two patients with high levels of fear of oral care were identified. Oral examination revealed poor oral hygiene, gingival bleeding, and multiple carious lesions in both children. Treatment consisted of oral health education, removal of the local irritant, non-operative management of incipient carious lesions, and operative management with preservation of dental tissue from extensive lesions. The behavioral approach included use of basic sign language, modeling technique, and show, smell, touch and do technique.
Conclusions: Effective behavioral management in pediatric patients with dental diversity such as hearing loss has the potential to increase the chances of clinical success of dental rehabilitation, follow-up and oral health education.


This mobile communication system (100), which implements a SON, has a load control unit (150). Said load control unit (150) acquires, from a D-SON device (190), D-SON device information that includes at least a load status for said D-SON device (190). On the basis of the acquired D-SON device information, the load control unit (150) adjusts the timing at which to have the D-SON device (190) execute a C-SON process such that the load on the D-SON device (190) does not become concentrated chronologically. In a mobile communication system like this, the behavior of the SON as a whole can be stabilized even when the load on the D-SON device is high.


We performed a dose–response meta‐analysis to estimate the association between lipid profiles with the risk of dementia and the potential differences according to the subtype of dementia based on prospective studies.


Magnetrons can be phase-locked using external systems. PIC simulations1 have shown that phase-locking is possible using modulated electron in jection to control the spoke formation. An experimental setup using Gated Field Emission Arrays (GFEAs) for the modulated electron injection offers a potential solution to this problem by permitting the injection of electrons into the interaction space. The present work explores the feasibility of a GFEA-driven industrial magnetron operating at 907 MHz and low power (~1kW). This magnetron will operate at -9kV, 150 mA, and 900G. The design accomplishes the electron injection by arranging 30 GFEA die around a 10-sided (faceted) cathode stripline structure with four delay-line modulated phases. Facet plates provide protection for the GFEA die from ion back-bombardment. The GFEAs under test are high-density die each containing several million emitters based on a design shown to provide emission current exceeding 100 A/cm2 in prior experiments2, Recent efforts demonstrate proof of concept for the GFEA-driven magnetron system by testing these GFEA die in conditions parallel to those required for oscillation of the same magnetron. A phosphor screen at a potential of 300 V was used in a test chamber to study emission current density and uniformity of the GFEA. Both emission current and leakage current were measured, and it was experimentally determined that the requisite 6 mA per die required for oscillation should be achievable under pulsed (10 kHz) conditions with high frequency (905 MHz) GFEA experiments planned. Experimental and transmission line modeling results will be presented.


Reference 1 contains a serious error that renders most of the results inapplicable to grazing-incidence telescopes and creates an incorrect impression as to the polarization properties of grazing-incidence telescopes. The errors arise from an incorrect application of the sign convention for the Fresnel equations. The Fresnel equations are correct as stated in Eqs. (2) and (3) but are incorrectly assembled into the Jones matrix in Eq. (8), where the minus sign of ap should be removed. This equation is at the heart of the technical development, causing errors in many of the remaining equations. The retardance is incorrectly calculated by Eq. (5) and is plotted incorrectly in Fig. 4. Near grazing incidence, the linear retardance associated with reflection from metals, approaches zero ( 0) as the angle approaches grazing incidence (i 900). The paper incorrectly states that -> r rad. Thus a grazing-incidence mirror acts as a nonpolarizing element, not as a half-wave linear retarder. The polarization aberration function for the primary mirror in Jones matrix form [Eq. (16)] should be 1 0 J(P, 0) 0 1), (1)


Azlan Mohamed, Said. Musika: Malaya's early music scene = Arena muzik silam di Malaya. Singapore: Azlan Mohamed Said, 2013. 255 p. ISBN 9789810737641. LC 2013-341339 Baker, Evan. From the score to the stage: an illustrated history of continental opera production and staging. Chicago, IL; London: The University of Chicago Press, 2013. xxiii, 439 p. ISBN 9780226035086 (hbk.; alk. paper). LC 2012-019264


In this period of energy crisis and factors such as greenhouse gas effect, companies are required to provide information about their products with regards to the environment to meet international standards. Life-cycle assessment techniques are been adopted gradually, as well as ISO/TR 14025 standards. Many countries have been promoting the use of type III Environmental products declaration. Japan and South Korea in Asia, USA, Canada and Sweden in Europe, have already have been on the lead in promoting Type III EPD project in the world. The TFT-LCD industry has an important role within the domestic industry and it can be used for a variety of display interface products, such as notebook, computers, and liquid crystal displays. International panel focusing on the impact of environmental issues and the establishment of the international LCD environmental organizations WLICC, have a target to promote cooperation in the global LCD industry. They have also been committed to environmental protection issues and domestic TFT-LCD industry in order to enhance the competitive edge and adhere to international regulations. The type III environmental product declarations and the concept of life-cycle assessment are closely related to the international development of the current number of analysis software. With regard to inventory data analysis, there are no fixed set of software as a standard, which may change the context of the assessment results, which may affect the effective use of EPD. Consequently, this study used a domestic LCD panel manufacturer of 22" TFT-LCD module as an example using VHK EcoReport v5, Simapro 7.0, GaBi 4 and Doitpro as life-cycle assessment software tool. A literature review on the issue and four different softwares which are use-oriented and results-oriented were explored during the course of this research. The result of this study is as follows: Simapro have full-features and constantly updated database, it is the initial tool for LCA and can be used for learning purposes too. GaBi secures the integrity of data management and analize softwares that can be applicable to internal assessment of products or improved design; EcoReport As a database was weak, it is proposed that it should be used as an example for academic research or teaching; and Doitpro have localized database that can be used to enhance sustainable development of the domestic life-cycle assessment based on the concept and results. The impact of those data are: Doitpro was used to assess the global warming potential which is highest among the softwares used (275 kgCO2). The TFT-LCD almost has no effect on the ozone layer. The acidification potential of Doitpro is the highest among the softwares used with a level 5.04 kgSO2. Eutrophication potential of TFT-LCD using Doitpro is 0.3 kgPO43-. The last aspect assessed is potential to cause photochemical smog is the highest (0.0156 kg C2H4) using simapro. Using four different software to conduct LCA on TFT-LCD products, discussions are made with regards to the data and the suitability of the type III environmental product declaration for businesses. In addition, these softwares will help in having detailed assessment on their choice of product characteristics, as well as appropriate software life-cycle assessment; reduce the amount of time spent and cost. It also shows a complete assessment of the product, declared the successful completion of its impact on the environment to enhance the business image and environmental awareness.