In this paper, we introduce a novel walking pattern generator that builds on the divergent component of motion (DCM) techniques for biped robots. The aim is to provide an efficient algorithm for generating robot footstep position while walking. We build a new biped robot Forrest. For this robot, but also applicable for any biped robot, we developed a new gait pattern generator. Our approach involves utilizing segmented zero moment point (ZMP) curves within each step to generate a smoother desired trajectory. By this way we overcome the issue of abrupt acceleration changes experienced when using traditional walking pattern generators with a constant ZMP. Additionally, our generator employs a 3-D divergent component of motion (DCM) curve to plan for variable heights in the center of mass (CoM) trajectory, which is crucial for achieving a walking pattern that resembles human walking. We introduce this new gait generator and show first result on our biped robot.


The present invention relates to an impulsive driving a liquid crystal display device. Impulsive driving the liquid crystal display device includes a gate is turned on a plurality of data lines to a voltage a plurality of gate lines set, alternately passing the normal data voltage and the impulsive data voltage to pass, connected to the gate line and the data line and the gate-on voltage It is in conduction, by a plurality of pixels, and are arranged in the form of a matrix, a switching device to transmit the data voltage. Also impulsive driving the liquid crystal display device wherein each gate line is connected to set the gate is in turn-on voltage a plurality of gate driving circuit for the data driver to the data voltage applied to the data line, and the gate driver and the data and a signal control unit for controlling the driving part. The pixel receives at least twice the normal data voltage, the data voltage applied to at least one impulsive, the application of the normal data voltage proceeds in turn seamlessly along the gate line. Therefore, since the gate-on voltage and then applied to the gate driving circuit is not stopped bakkwieodo pass the pre-charge the gate-on voltage for that the pre-charging is made smoothly. The liquid crystal display, LCD, impulsive, pre-charge, the black data,


Because of the special location and the high productivity of lake, it has an important effect on carbon cycle.The conformation of carbon in the lake mainly includes:carbonic acid system(CO2,CO32-,HCO3-,H2CO3), dissolved organic carbon, granule carbon, organic carbon in organism, etc.The study results indicate that the sink of organic carbon and dissolved inorganic carbon of lake in the world is 0.077 Gt/a, and about 0.053 2 Gt/a is from atmosphere.Lake can obtain carbon not only from stream of the earth's surface and ground water, but also from atmosphere.And several methods for the estimation and measure of the air-water carbon dioxide exchange quantities were introduced,such as Riley estimation method, one side diffusion method, isotope estimation method, eddy correlation method and static box method.


This dataset supports the article entitled 'Low-Power 3D Integration using Inductive Coupling Links for Neurotechnology Applications' accepted for publication in Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), Dresden, 2018.


After a short reminder on the reglementary basis which run the thermal and mineral waters exploitation in France, we will see the steps to undertake in order to qualify a new "spring". A thermal or mineral water is characterized by a specific physicochemical and bacteriological facies whose stability must be achieved. We will examine through a few examples the importance, of the qualification conditions which must take into account the exploitation regime, the hydrogeological conditions and the specifities of each deposit.


A series of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed on Au(111) from partially fluorinated alkanethiols (PFAT) with variable length of the fluorocarbon chain, viz. F(CF2)n(CH2)11SH (FnH11SH, n = 6, 8, and 10), was studied by high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The SAMs were found to be highly ordered and densely packed. The packing density was governed by the bulky fluorocarbon segments which adopted a helical conformation typical of this entity. With decreasing length of the fluorocarbon segment, progressive deterioration of the orientational order accompanied by a slight decrease in the packing density was observed in the fluorocarbon part of the FnH11SH SAMs. The conformation of the fluorocarbon segment was persistent through the series, with probably only a minor deterioration for n = 8 and 6. The hydrocarbon segments of the monolayers were, however, unaffected by the deterioration of ...


At the 2003 annual meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine in New Orleans, LA, more than 90 scientific abstracts focused on technical aspects or clinical applications of PET/CT imaging. A selection of these abstracts highlighting the effects of PET/CT on patient management and staging in lymphoma and head and neck, lung, gastrointestinal, breast, and gynecologic cancers is discussed.


Six bacteriophages have been used in the classification of 19 plasmids (antibiotic resistance-mediating R factors and FP sex factors which promote host chromosome transfer) of P. aeruginosa isolated in different geographical regions. On the basis of phage-plating responses on isogenic strains of bacteria differing only in the plasmids carried, five groups of plasmids were distinguishable. In general the groups could be correlated with their geographical origin although differences between plasmids from the same region were found. The unique phage-plating responses were also useful in establishing the possible identity of plasmids isolated from the same original strain and given different designations by independent investigators. The classification of the plasmids derived here on the basis of phage-plating responses could be correlated with classifications based upon other phenotypic characteristics described elsewhere. The nature of inhibition of plating of phages B39 and G101 by R18–1 and R18–3 respectively was shown to be due to interference with some aspect of intra-cellular phage replication rather than to plasmid-mediated restriction.


directly to detectors. Some demultiplexing is acceptable in less demanding applica tions where many similar items of equip ment are controlled, e.g. power supplies. Here, a field bus controller drives a multi drop cable connecting up to 30 equipment control assemblies (ECA's) implemented using the MIL-STD-1553-B standard field bus. The ECA's, located close to the sub systems they control, consist of G 64 or VMEbus crates with microprocessors.


In Indonesia during 2015 the use of contraceptive tools has decreased drastically. Decrease in the use of contraceptives in Indonesia caused by increasing unmet need. Unmet need affects the increase of population and also affects health problems. Many factors that influence the incidence of unmet need include age and number of children, age, income, previous contraceptive failure, number of children. Therefore this study aims to analyze the determinant factors associated with the incidence of Unmet Need KB in couples of childbearing age. This type of research is quantitative research using analytical survey method with retrospective approach. The population in this study were all couples of childbearing age in Kampago Ipuah urban village. The sample size in this study was calculated using the formula with the finite population. The sample required in this research is 178 people data collection using primary data through interview. This study analyzed the data that have been obtained through multivariate test.The result of this research indicate that affectingfactor of unmet need family planning are age with p value 0,000 (p<0,05) and number of children with p value 0,000 (p<0,05). According to result of multiple regression test,we get the determinant factor that affecting unmet needis age with OR value of age (0,135). Recomended to respondent to more know the effect if not use family planning, and for health personnel family planning to improve the health personnel family planning in counseling, hopefully it can to reduce the unmet need. Keywords: Unmet Need, Couples of childbearing age, family planning


Intracranial hypotension, caused by lumbar puncture, spinal anesthesia, arachnoidal cyst, and arterio venous malformation, has become increasing common. Symptoms vary including vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, headache, photophobia, and nausea. These are relieved upon reclining and are worsened by sitting or standings. We treated a patient in whom dizziness and tinnitus were evoked after anesthesia, and downbeating vertical nystagmus, was recorded by infra-red CCD camera. Our findings suggested this patients nystagmus was caused by downward displacement of the cerebellum due to intracranial hypotension.


Sound insulation results from recent research and development projects concerning light-weight timber constructions have shown that acceptable sound insulation level can be achieved in timber frame buildings. However, the first timber frame buildings in Europe have been designed in close co-operation with researchers and built under most careful supervision. Nowadays the most structural engineers and contractors still do not have enough information on sound insulation properties of timber structures. Therefore, there is a risk of sound insulation failures. Sound insulation of timber buildings depends sensitively on failures in workmanship and structural design. Fortunately, these failures are easy to avoid by careful design of structural details and connections and supervision on the site. 1 INTRODUCTION Multi-storey timber buildings have been studied and developed in many European countries during the last decade. The main interest in these studies has been timber joist floor which has had quite weak impact sound insulation at low frequency range below 100 Hz. Results of the research and development projects have been successful in e.g. some projects carried on in the Nordic countries. Some measurement data of impact sound insulation is shown in table 1. These result show that acceptable sound insulation level can be achieved in timber apartment buildings [1-2]. Location Bearing floor construction L'n,w L'n,w+CI,50−2500 Ylöjärvi, Finland Ribbed slab of laminated veneer lumber 40 dB 48 dB Oulu, Finland Composite construction of concrete slab and timber joists 44 dB 51 dB Linköping, Sweden Thin web I-beams 49 dB 51 dB Växjö, Sweden Timber joists 51 dB 54 dB Hørsholm, Denmark Timber joists 50 dB 52 dB Table 1: Impact sound pressure levels (dB) of some timber buildings in the Nordic countries. The first modern timber frame buildings in Europe have been designed in close co-operation with researchers and built under most careful supervision. Nowadays the most structural engineers and contractors do not have enough information on sound insulation properties of timber structures. The intention of the structural engineers is usually good, but the field of acoustics and sound insulation is often difficult for them. There is still not many design and construction handbooks dealing with sound insulation of timber buildings. The lack of knowledge concerns also inspection authorities. Therefore, there is a risk of sound insulation failures. Copyright SFA InterNoise 2000 2 Sound insulation of timber structures depends sensitively on careful structural design and supervised construction. Some of the following examples are results of intentional experiments, which are also reported in references. Many of the examples are, however, real failures which have been noticed in sound insulation measurements on the site. Some of these measurements are not published before. 2 FLOATING FLOORS Acceptable sound insulation in the first timber frame buildings has been achieved by using floating floor and resilient hinged ceiling in floor structure. However, the costs of floor structure are usually high in comparison with other structures of timber buildings. The costs depend partly on materials and work. According to the contractors, installing the floating floor delays the progress of other inner works. This leads often to demands of decreasing the amount of structural layers of the floor. This would cause problems in exceeding the sound insulation criteria. In a research reported in reference [3], the effect of floating floor and resilient hinged ceiling was studied in a full-scale test building. Same floor structure was measured with and without resilient structures. Table 2 shows that impact sound insulation of timber joist floor depends significantly on them: in both cases impact sound pressure level weakened at least 10 dB. If contractors want to reduce costs of timber joist floor, they should carry out a study in which a new timber floor could be developed. Some results have already been presented in reference [4]. Structure L'n,w CI,50−2500 With floating floor 48 dB 5 dB Without floating floor 58 dB 0 dB With resilient hinged ceiling 46 dB 6 dB Without resilient hinged ceiling 57 dB 4 dB Table 2: Dependence of impact sound insulation on floating floor and resilient hinged ceiling. Problems with impact sound insulation may occur even when there is a functioning floor structure in the apartments. Balconies and corridors are often supported directly from the bearing structures of the building or floor joists act as cantilever beams which form the bearing floor structure of the balcony. In such cases residents of apartments in lower storeys may be disturbed by impact sounds produced by walking on the balcony. For example, in one of the Finnish timber frame buildings of table 1, impact sound pressure levels measured from the balconies to apartments were from 60 dB to 64 dB. Therefore, better solution is that balconies have own bearing structures which are separated from bearing walls and floors of the building. Otherwise, the balconies should also have floating floors or other damping layer. It is often easy to install different HVAC-pipes in the resilient layer. In such cases, some complaints concerning sound insulation has occurred. When the diameter of the pipes has been nearly as thick as the resilient layer, the surface plate of floating floor has had connections with bearing structure. To reduce the sinking of the floating surface, timber sections have been placed in the near of the pipes. These solutions have affected negatively to impact sound insulation. 3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND WORKMANSHIP Sometimes contractors pay more attention to sound insulation than usually. In such cases, buildings are also often marketed as "quiet buildings". However, these quiet buildings may become noisy because of even little mistakes in structural design and workmanship. These failures may depend on insufficient theoretical knowledge of structural engineer or failures carried out during construction. A terraced house was built of box elements. This construction method provides good possibilities to high sound insulation level, while structures of each apartment can be separated from structures of other apartments. Structural engineer of the case building also intended to take this advantage of the construction. In building plans is shown that there is no connections between adjacent apartments. Roof and floor structures are both cut at the edges of the apartments. Despite of the good intention of structural engineer, the first complaints dealing with poor sound insulation came during the same day when inhabitants moved in. It was noticed that double wall between apartments had been covered by plasterboards on both sides of wall studs. This was beneficial to horizontal stability of the building and fire protection of wall studs. Thus, sound insulation at low frequency range was very poor because of several resonance frequencies. However, building official accepted the original building plan without remarks as like as contractor. Failures in workmanship during construction lead often to problems with flanking transmission. Acceptable sound insulation in timber buildings usually requires that there is no connections between structures Copyright SFA InterNoise 2000 3 of adjacent apartments. The significance of HVAC-installations has also to be remembered. For example, improperly assembled sound absorbers of ventilation channels may reduce apparent sound reduction index R'w even 15 dB [3]. To ensure acceptable sound insulation, HVAC-pipes should have connections only with bearing frame structures and they should be separated from surface structures of walls and floors as completely as possible. 4 BUILDING CODES Some sound insulation failures cannot be avoided by careful structural design and construction. Usually, a structural engineer may trust on building codes, but sometimes there is situations, when building codes have not been taken everything into account. They may even lead to unsatisfactory structures and design. These situations are problematic, while the most of structural engineers do not have such background information which could help them to recognise these questionable parts of the building codes. The new European building code of timber structures, Eurocode 5, demands that vibration of floor should not cause unacceptable discomfort to the users. A design method is also presented for residential floors with fundamental frequency greater than 8 Hz. This fundamental frequency limitation is based on vibrations produced by walking. Unfortunately, the spinning speed of washing machines is nowadays not less than 400 rpm i.e. 7 Hz. Therefore, washing machines may cause temporary vibration and noise problems. Noise levels from 47 to 52 dB(A) were measured in an apartment below another apartment where a washing machine was spinning on a timber floor with span of 5 m and fundamental frequency of 18 Hz. Vibration problems can be avoided by e.g. using concrete slab element in bathrooms or other rooms where washing machines are placed. Sound insulation requirements in the most of the European countries are based on ISO standards. Researchers have known since the 1960's that impact sound pressure level L'n,w does not correlate well with inhabitants' subjective opinions on sound insulation of timber structures [5-6]. Therefore, in the new revised versions of ISO standards, spectrum adaptation term CI,50−2500 was introduced. The purpose of the spectrum adaptation term is to take the problematic low frequency range below 100 Hz into account. However, e.g. the new Finnish building code published in the beginning of the year 2000 does not require the use of spectrum adaptation term. If low frequencies are not taken into account, structural engineer may choose also a floor structure which is in fact unacceptable. 5 CONCLUSIONS Structures which produce accep


This paper discussed on the determination of customer requirement for the development of a welding fumes index by using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approach. Welding fumes index is developed with the objective to enhance the welding workplace safety and health. Index simplifies complex health-hazard issues of welding fumes to be comprehended easily by the employees and administration. Likert scale questionnaires on the welder desire to know the various welding fumes health effects that exist in their workplace were distributed among welders of an automotive assembly industry in the state of Pahang, Malaysia. A pilot test of the QFD questionnaire were done (n=11) and Cronbach Alpha's analysis is 0.967 which indicates a high level of internal consistency of the questionnaire scale. In the actual sampling (n=32), the results of the questionnaires show that all the customer requirements (irritant effect, sensitiser effects, respiratory system effect, systemic toxin effect, reproductive toxins effect, carcinogen effect, mixture effect) were equally important to the welders. The relationship between the customer (welder) requirement and technical characteristic were established whereby important technical characteristics were shortlisted (personal sampling 23.0%, multi chemical analysis 20.8%, exposure limit 19.7%, health questionnaire 17.6% and lung function test 14.7%). Development of welding fumes indices according to employees demand will increase the knowledge and awareness on occupational safety and health among employees (welders).


We present an exclusive review on chromogenic calixarenes and their applications as optical sensors for various metals. The selectivity patterns of the various chromogenic calixarenes are discussed.


The invention discloses an apex bonding production line. The apex bonding production line comprises a cold feeding extruder, a traction device for leading out a sizing material extruded by the cold feeding extruder, a cooling roller having the diameter of 1000-1500 mm and used for cooling the sizing material leaded out by the traction device, a storage frame device comprising multiple storage rollers, and an apex bonding machine head for bonding the sizing material leaded out by the storage frame device with a tire bead steel wire, wherein the sizing material cooled by the cooling roller is wound on the storage rollers. Through the settings, the apex bonding production line, provided by the invention, can effectively solve the problems of higher energy consumption, high equipment cost and lower production efficiency in an existing apex bonding production line.


[From the Introduction]. The purpose of this paper is to address the problems connected to reforming the structure of financial supervision in the EU. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges as perceived from the point of view of supervisors as well as those being supervised. After reviewing the current models and structure of financial supervision and the form of European regulatory and supervisory cooperation, we address the shortcomings in view of the continuing market integration and identify possible remedies.


This paper presents the design of proportional valve with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The proposed valve is described, and its history is briefly reviewed. Basic equations describing the valve are formulated and its simulation model is implemented in MATLABSimulink software. Selected nonlinearities are included in this model. In order to determine the basic parameters of the discussed proportional valve, a test stand is built, which enables valve investigations. In this test stand, a valve control system based on programmable logic controller (PLC) with a touch panel and inverter module is implemented and used for investigations. The valve flow characteristics and step responses obtained in simulations are presented. These characteristics are compared with results obtained in experimental investigations. As a result, the valve simulation model is modified and improved.


In 1994 Dan Corry wrote an article in Renewal on the shape of Labour's macroeconomic policy (Corry, 1994). After almost twenty years it is striking how relevant much of the article still feels. The original piece was entitled 'Living with capitalism' but today's Labour economic policy appears to have moved beyond simply living with capitalism and is setting out an active agenda of how to change and shape it. Labour's macroeconomic policy has moved through several distinct stages over the past two decades and the very defi nition of what exactly constitutes a 'macroeconomic policy' has been contested. In the early 1990s traditional macroeconomic policy (defi ned as the use of fi scal and monetary policy to impact upon macroeconomic variables such as growth, infl ation and unemployment) was downplayed in favour of an agenda of supply-side reforms. In the mid-1990s a brief fl irtation occurred with a more rounded approach to 'political economy', as opposed to simple macroeconomics, focused on the concept of a stakeholder economy. But this eventually gave way to a macroeconomic framework of 'constrained discretion' for policy-makers (Bank of England independence and fi scal rules) and a renewed focus on straightforward supply-side reforms. The notion of fundamentally changing the UK's national business model was quietly dropped. From the late 1990s until the crisis of 2008 macroeconomics seemed oddly absent from British politics, in as much as when it entered political discourse it was usually reduced to seemingly endless lists of achievements (the longest period of consecutive growth since the 1800s, etc.). The crisis of 2008 saw both the return of macroeconomic policy to political debate and the return of active demand-side policies to prevent a slide into depression. In the years since the last general election a new economic agenda has been fl eshed out. Labour retains a strong macroeconomic focus but is now going well beyond what are thought of as the traditional levers of macroeconomic policy and into the realm of political economy. This new agenda does not take the shape of the British economy as a given but as something which active government can infl uence.


issue explores the opportunities and challenges involved in the implementation of digital twins in logistics and port operations and the potential impact of this new technology on competitiveness. This issue also highlights the importance of digital twins as a new key technology for the development of logistics and urban infrastructure, and the important benefits which its application could bring to Latin American and Caribbean countries. Digital twins could optimize operations in the region's ports, which are paramount to the region's participation in international trade and global value chains. It was written by Diogo Aita, Associate Economic Affairs Officer of the Infrastructure Services Unit of ECLAC, on the basis of a study prepared by Rodrigo Mariano Díaz, a consultant with the same unit. For more information on this topic, contact email@example.com. The views expressed in this document, which is a translation of an original that did not undergo formal editorial review, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization or the countries it represents. FACILITATION OF TRANSPORT AND TRADE IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 393 Original: Spanish


The world is experiencing a paradigm shift towards intelligent agents in form of machine learning for modeling any given task or process. Human vehicle drivers are agents that operate under stochastic environments, full of other agents. Such environments are complex to perceive and model. This study explores how a utility-based agent could be used to model human vehicle drivers. The motivation behind the study was established on the assumption that a driver agent founded on GPS data, Mixture Models and probabilistic reasoning methodologies could effectively model human vehicle drivers. The data collected by GPS receivers was appropriately analysed to establish a driver behaviour dataset. The dataset was then divided into three sets: training, test and validation sets that were used to formulate the driver agent. The agent's successive actions were evaluated against sets of performance metrics to determine accuracy, precision and recall levels. The evaluation yielded over 50% successful performance rates at all levels. The significance of the study is four-fold: First, the function of the system could be extended to providing advisory services to drivers in real-time. Second, data gathered from the system could be used by road safety stakeholders to vet drivers and to diagnose causes of road accidents. Thirdly, the resulting knowledge-base could establish standards of rationality in driving and/or formulate rules for use in driverless vehicle control systems. Finally, the model could be used to build a dataset on driver behaviour for any given vehicle driver and type and nature of operational environment.


Urine microscopy is useful for detecting renal and urinary tract diseases. The microscopic techniques have several methodological steps that may cause inaccuracy and imprecision. The Sysmex UF-100 automated urinalysis analyzer has been introduced to analyze the unspun urine for improving the quality of results. In this study, we compared the UF-100 with the conventional microscopic technique. It was performed on urine samples collected from 104 outpatients at Siriraj hospital. Based on the precision analyses, the UF-100 was considered better than the conventional manual method. The correlations of the number of RBCs,WBCs, ECs, and casts detected from the two methods were found significant (r = 0.689-0.960). However,the number of RBCs, WBCs, ECs, and casts found in the UF-100 were 2.7, 2.5, 3.2 and 15.4 times higher than those in the conventional method respectively. The difference between the amount of RBCs, WBCs, ECs, and casts reported from the two methods could be attributed to the fact that all formed elements in a certain volume of urine were counted in the UF-100 whereas only those centrifuged sediments were included in the microscopic method. This study also showed that 60% of RBCs, 45% of WBCs, 30% of ECs, and 30% of casts in original urine still remained in the supernatant. We concluded that the UF-100 could be an alternative to the tedious conventional microscopic urinalysis because of its faster rate of analysis and more precise results. Key words : Urine Sediment, Sysmex UF-100


Steroid profiles (SP) of urine, which are the most valuable diagnostic tests of diseases associated with disorders of the synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones, have a number of advantages over other types of tests. Thus, in the profile analysis, the possibility of using the absolute value as a simple variable and comparing it with the norm is partially significant and not the main one, the ratio of some values with others comes to the first place. The next important feature is that the related compounds are determined, interconnected by their origin in the body, and this relationship between the components is quantitative, which provides unique information for understanding the origin of each component individually. The third advantage is that along with the known peaks of steroids, information about unknown substances can be used for diagnosis. The immunological methods of analysis that are now widespread, which allow one to quickly determine hormones in the blood, cannot surpass the SP in the quality and quantity of information received, and in determining the androgens in the clinic they can even compete with them In addition, immunological methods are limited to the available set of reagents (antibodies). The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the great diagnostic capabilities of determining endocrine disorders by analysis of urine SP obtained by the traditional method of capillary gas chromatography.


Background: Anesthesia is peri-operative medicine. The role of anesthesiologist in the quality of care rendered to patients during the pre-operative period is well known. The role of pre-operative anesthesia clinics in providing better conditions for patients undergoing anesthesia is now well documented. This study was performed to evaluate the familiarity of Iranian patients with the aims of anesthesia clinics 10 years after the establishment of such clinics in Iran. Materials and Methods: All patients referred to anesthesia clinics in two university medical centers were evaluated during a 2-week period. A questionnaire was given to them and answers were analyzed and interpreted by statistical methods. Results: Of the 286 patients who participated in this study, 56% were males and 44% were females; 43% of them were familiar with the goals of pre-op anesthesia, 83% of the patients mentioned that pre-op evaluation was the reason of their referral and 67% gave a positive feed-back on the clinic. The need for creating more motivation in patients and physicians was mentioned by 83% of the patients. Conclusion: Considering the statistical results, it seems that there is a great need to familiarize patients with the goals of these clinics and to create some motivation in them. By doing so, we can hope to offer better services to patients and reduce the anesthesia complications and anxiety. (Tanaffos 2007; 6(2): 56-62)


The widespread enthusiasm for research on bulk metallic glasses is driven by both a fundamental interest in the structure and properties of disordered materials and their unique promise for structural and functional applications. Unlike the case for crystalline materials, the disordered and nonequilibrium nature of metallic glasses causes their underlying deformation mechanisms to be poorly known. A definite correlation between mechanical behavior and the atomic/electronic structures of metallic glasses has not been established. In this article, I focus on the micromechanisms of mechanical behavior of metallic glasses and present a brief overview of the current understanding of their strength, ductility, and plasticity at the microscopic and atomic scales. The important factors that control the mechanical behavior of metallic glasses are outlined on the basis of recent theoretical and experimental findings. The outstanding issues highlighted in this review are expected to be important for future research ...


A new two-step method has been developed to synthesize (Hg,Re)Ba/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub y/ with lower annealing temperatures as compared to conventional methods using a precursor which contains the (Hg,Re)Ba/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub y/ phase. In the first step, high phase purity (Hg,Re)Ba/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub y/ superconductors are prepared from commercially available Ba/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub y/ precursors, HgO, and Re/sub 2/O/sub 7/. In the second step, the finely ground (Hg,Re)Ba/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub y/ is mixed with Ca-Cu-O and HgO. This precursor mix is encapsulated in evacuated quartz tubes and annealed for 8 to 48 h between 750/spl deg/C and 850/spl deg/C. The resulting samples have (Hg,Re)Ba/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub y/ as a majority phase and exhibit a critical temperature of 133 K as prepared. The superconducting grains are platelike and randomly oriented. The grain sizes depend on the annealing time and temperature and reaches up to 30 /spl mu/m diameter and 5 /spl mu/m thickness. Second phases are mainly unreacted Ba/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub y/ and Ca-Hg-O.


The decarburization layer of spring steels with different Nb contents were measured by metallographic microscopic method,the effect of niobium and its content on the surface decarburization sensitivity of 60Si2Mn spring steel was systematically investigated.The results show that niobium can effectively reduce the decarburization sensitivity of 60Si2Mn spring steel.However,the depth of the decarburization does not decrease with the niobium content further increases.The diffusion coefficients of carbon in austenite in different temperatures were calculated by means of Thermo-Calc DICTRA software in which the effects of niobium and other elements on diffusion of carbon in austenite were considered.And the variation of decarburizing depths of the experimental steels was calculated by the Fick's second law.It agrees with the measured data and can be used to investigate the effects of other alloying elements on the decarburization more effectively.


The objectives of this research were: 1) to document the current status of Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) and 2) to develop BMS-specific elements for the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT). The results of the research will aid in the development of a BMS for the Iowa DOT by complementing a research project presently being performed for the California DOT (CALTRANS). The CALTRANS project is cosponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and CALTRANS. Its objective is to develop a generic BMS for use by other state DOTs. BMS elements investigated for the Iowa DOT included level-of-service (LOS) goals, agency costs, user costs, and bridge component deterioration rates. LOS goals are target values for characteristics used to assess bridge adequacy. Minimum acceptable and desirable LOS goals were established for load capacity, vertical clearance, clear deck width, and lateral clearance under the bridge. Agency costs are associated with bridge maintenance, repair, rehabilitation, and replacement. Iowa DOT agency costs were estimated by using historical data and questionnaires that were sent to the Iowa DOT district county engineers. The agency costs were incorporated into a computer program. This information is used to estimate costs for bridge repair alternatives or for a specific maintenance activity. User costs are incurred by the roadway user because of various LOS characteristic deficiencies. The user costs investigated for the State of Iowa included vehicle operating costs and accident costs. Accident rates and average daily traffic growth rates were also documented. Deterioration curves for bridge deck, superstructure, and substructure were developed for six categories of Iowa bridges. A Markov chain probabilistic approach was the basis for these curves. Iowa inspection data were used to formulate transition matrices that are the essential elements in the Markov chain model. When existing data were insufficient, an approximate approach based on linear regression was used. An interactive computer program was developed to produce the deterioration curves, which estimates the mean and the distribution of the future condition of a bridge component.


Skirted foundation behavior is enhanced due to the increase in skirt angle. The bearing capacity of the inclined skirted foundations resting on sandy soil is influenced by the soil parameters and skirting systems. Finite element analyses were carried out using Plaxis-3D software to find out the influence of the relative density, the internal friction angle of the supported soil, and the additional skirts on the bearing capacity of the inclined skirted foundations. The experimental work on a small physical scale was also carried out to support the numerical findings, which give an acceptable agreement. The findings revealed that the increase in relative density resulted in a significant increase in the bearing capacity of the inclined skirted foundation. In the same way, as the internal friction angle increases, the bearing capacity is affected by this increase, which improves the bearing capacity value. The effect of the additional skirts on the bearing capacity is observed to be neglected, and, in some cases, it causes a negative effect. The findings of this study contribute to a greater comprehension of the behavior of inclined skirted foundations and can assist in the future design of more efficient and effective foundation systems. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-017 Full Text: PDF


In this paper, we provide new approximation algorithms for dynamic variations of the longest increasing subsequence (\textsf{LIS}) problem, and the complementary distance to monotonicity (\textsf{DTM}) problem. In this setting, operations of the following form arrive sequentially: (i) add an element, (ii) remove an element, or (iii) substitute an element for another. At every point in time, the algorithm has an approximation to the longest increasing subsequence (or distance to monotonicity). We present a $(1+\epsilon)$-approximation algorithm for \textsf{DTM} with polylogarithmic worst-case update time and a constant factor approximation algorithm for \textsf{LIS} with worst-case update time $\tilde O(n^\epsilon)$ for any constant $\epsilon>0$.% $n$ in the runtime denotes the size of the array at the time the operation arrives. Our dynamic algorithm for \textsf{LIS} leads to an almost optimal algorithm for the Erd\"{o}s-Szekeres partitioning problem. Erd\"{o}s-Szekeres partitioning problem was introduced by Erd\"{o}s and Szekeres in 1935 and was known to be solvable in time $O(n^{1.5}\log n)$. Subsequent work improve the runtime to $O(n^{1.5})$ only in 1998. Our dynamic \textsf{LIS} algorithm leads to a solution for Erd\"{o}s-Szekeres partitioning problem with runtime $\tilde O_{\epsilon}(n^{1+\epsilon})$ for any constant $\epsilon>0$.


A Ti:LiNb03 interferometer modulator has been fabricated for instrument applications in the 1.3 μm wavelength region. It requires only 3.5 volts switching voltage, and has a fiber-to-fiber insertion loss of -4 dB. This includes a propagation loss of 2 dB and a fiber/device coupling loss of ~ 1 dB/end. Frequency response measurements indicate an optical 3 dB bandwidth of ~ 8 GHz. The corresponding drive voltage/bandwidth figure of merit of .44 volts/GHz is the lowest reported for a 1.3 um modulator.


Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal) is a major insect pest damaging Ficus microcarpa and has expanded to all the continents. At present, it damages F. microcarpa seriously in tropical and subtropical areas in Yunnan province. In order to reveal the genetic differentiation among geographic populations of G. ficorum, a 646 bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ (COⅠ) gene was sequenced from 145 individuals among 10 geographic populations in Yunnan province, and the sequence variability of the COⅠ gene and genetic differentiation among them were analyzed. The results showed that 38 variable sites were detected and six haplotypes were defined based on the COⅠ sequences among 10 geographic populations of G. ficorum, including one haplotype shared by eight populations. The genetic distances ranged from 0 (among populations of Ruili, Mangshi, Yuxi and Chenggong) to 0.043 (between Yiliang population and populations of Longchuan and Mojiang) among the 10 geographic populations, indicating that the genetic distances among G. ficorum populations were not associated with their geographic distances. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 10 geographic populations were clustered into three groups (group I: Longchuan, Ruili, Mangshi, Yuxi, Chenggong, Mojiang, Lincang, and Mengla; group Ⅱ: Mengzi; group Ⅲ: Yiliang). The Fst value was 0.9828 (P0.05), and the Nm value was 0.01, indicating apparent genetic differentiation among the three groups, but there was only 0.0172 genetic variation from intragroup. A molecular phylogenic tree constructed using neighbor-joining (NJ) method showed that the six haplotypes were clustered into three clades associated with geographic regions. No shared haplotypes were found among the three groups. Molecular analysis showed that these three major groups/clades did not coincidence with the geographic distribution. Based on the information of host plants, we preliminarily presumed that the genetic differentiation between the two populations (Mengzi and Yiliang) resulted from different host variety and growth conditions. Haplotypes among all populations were distributed in different clades on the median joining network, revealing no obvious geographic distribution patterns.


The Molecular and Cellular Basis of Infection—Perspectives from the First Advanced Summer School in Africa Bavesh D. Kana, Matteo Bonazzi and Carlos E. Calzavara-Silva MRC/NHLS/WITS Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, Cedex 15, France INSERM, U604, Paris, F-75015 France INRA, USC2020, Paris, F-75015 France Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brasil


codes for the subjects by the new nation-state, which, one should remember, replaced the regime of samurai with that of the emperor. In the early twentieth century, bushidō was also transformed into a set of ethical norms by Nitobe Inazō, an influential Christian thinker in his work Bushidō (1900). Although written in English and originally intended as an introduction to the traditional Japanese ethics for English-speaking people, Nitobe's book told the Japanese themselves that one could follow Japanese traditional ethics and be a cosmopolitan at the same time. Accordingly, bushidō was turned into an identity the Japanese elite often assume on an international stage. There was yet another version of hugely successful bushidō: the one extolled in Hagakure, which was written in the seventeenth century and went through dozens of editions between 1930 and 1945, during which period Nitobe's book was reissued only three times. Mishima Yukio stated that Hagakure gave him the only basis for ethics when the young novelist faced the enormous confusion of the post-war period. These distinct versions of samurai ideals show that samurai ethics in modern Japan were much more complex than Low would have us believe in this book. Despite this defect, Low's book is an excellent piece of scholarship in the social and political history of Japanese nuclear research. It is a welcome addition to the expanding field of Japanese history of science.


Abstract : In fiscal year 2009, the Department of Defense (DoD) reported that it spent $4 billion to move troops and materiel into Afghanistan, a mountainous, arid, land-locked country with few roads, no railway, and only four airports with paved runways over 3,000 meters. The terrain and weather in Afghanistan and surrounding countries pose further challenges to transporting supplies and equipment. In December 2009, the President announced that an additional 30,000 U.S. troops will be sent to Afghanistan by August 2010. Today's testimony discusses GAO's preliminary observations drawn from ongoing work reviewing DoD's logistics efforts supporting operations in Afghanistan, including the following: (1) the organizations involved and routes and methods used to transport supplies and equipment into and around Afghanistan; (2) steps DoD has taken to improve its distribution process, based on lessons learned from prior operations; and (3) challenges affecting DoD's ability to distribute supplies and equipment within Afghanistan, and its efforts to mitigate them. In conducting its audit work, GAO examined DoD guidance and other documentation relating to the processes of transporting supplies and equipment to Afghanistan and met with various cognizant officials and commanders in the United States, Afghanistan, Kuwait, and Qatar.


Abstract This symposium will consider the ways that time horizons may influence motivation and emotional well-being. Socioemotional selectivity theory postulates that goals and motivation shift from ones about learning and exploration to ones about emotional meaning as time horizons grow constrained as people age. This theory maintains that a focus on emotional goals explains why older adults tend to show better emotional well-being compared to younger adults. Many studies use the Future Time Perspective scale developed by Carstensen and Lang (1996) to measure perceived time left in life. However, several studies find more limited future time perspective does not contribute to better emotional well-being nor more positivity bias in cognitive processing and in some cases predicts poorer emotional well-being. The first presentation will focus on the future time perspective scale and its underlying structure. The second presentation will discuss the association between future time perspective and psychosocial well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The third presentation will review different measures of time perception and examine the relationship between future time perspective on age-related positivity effect. The last presentation will introduce a new concept and measurement, time savoring. Laura Carstensen will synthesize findings and offer insights regarding future life-span research on motivation and well-being.


The new information technologies allow the generation of interaction environments that provide new communication mechanisms and exchange of information with a computer; Virtual Reality (VR) is part of this technological revolution. VR is a powerful technology whose applications in everyday life are endless, which is why deals with increasingly complex topics, among which are the behaviours of individuals in society. Virtual reality has managed to have a great psychological impact because it can trick the brain into experiencing sensations that they are not real, but that they seem it, allowing recreating situations with the objective of analysing, treating and influencing social behaviours. In this sense, VR allows even a higher degree of exposure than would be possible in vivo, given that manipulation of a virtual environment facilitates emphasizing those situations to investigate; that is why the sense of presence is a key aspect. This work proposal aims to analyse the social behaviours that could be influenced by the use of virtual reality, with the intention of incorporating it as an alternative tool to deal with problems related to social behaviours.


The present invention, thermal heating, and use of combustion fumes (20) by the melting chamber 100, the combustion-heat the air 30 which is to be used as the transfer gas, and combustion using air heated (31) oxygen 40 and / or pre-heat the gaseous fuel 50 and 130, and compresses the air (31) warming formed by the pre-heating, heat exchange with the compressed warm air 33 combustion fumes 20 in heating and 150, for generating mechanical and / or electrical energy by the expansion of the heated compressed air 34 by, to a melting unit and a method.


Based on the recently developed numerical method, we simulated the co-seismic electromagnetic (EM) signals in porous media. We focused on the characteristics of the co-seismic EM signals generated by a double couple point source or a finite fault planar source in the models with different structures. The effects of source time function type and peak frequency also have been investigated. The simulation results show that the waveform, amplitude and duration time of seismic-EM signals depend somehow on the model structures; the seismic waves and EM signals for different source models (a double couple point source or a finite fault planar source, source time functions, peak frequencies) also show similar characteristics in both time and frequency domains, although there are some differences for the amplitude and complexity of waveform and frequency response.


A liquid scintillation counter, of area 1000 cm2 and depth 15 cm has been developed for experiments on the delayed particles in extensive air showers. The scintillator was used in conjunction with two trays of Geiger counters to select showers of average density 10/m2; the prompt and delayed particles traversing the scintillator were recorded photographically in an arrangement in which possible sources of spurious delays were eliminated. The existence of delayed particles has been confirmed and the delay distribution obtained over the range (3-70) × 10-8 second. This distribution could be represented by an exponential function with half of the delayed particles arriving within (10 ± 2) × 10-8 second. The total fraction of shower particles that suffer delays in the above range was found to be (0.85 ± 0.05)%. There is evidence that showers with delayed events do not differ in average density from those without such events. A control experiment was carried out to investigate any spurious effects; this revealed μ-e decay events in the scintillator at approximately the expected rate.


The dynamics equation of particulate in fluctuant diesel exhaust is put forward and solved according to the characteristics of diesel fluctuant exhaust.The effect of the fluctuant exhaust on the movement and aggregation coefficient of diesel exhaust particulate is studied on the bassis of theoretical analysis.the results show that the fluctuant exhaust has important effect on the aggregation of diesel exhaust particulate,the increase of exhaust velocity,fluctuant extent,and fluctuant frequency and the results can raise the particulate aggregation coefficient effectively.


1. Conway K, Compton W, Stinson F, et al. Lifetime comorbidity of DSM-IV mood and anxiety disorders and specific drug use disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67: 247–257. 2. Nimah J, Chen A, Gable KN, et al. Tramadol-associated mania: A case report. J Opioid Manag 2017; 13: 197–200. 3. Ferreira AB, Braz IS, Duarte T, et al. Tramadol: Relieves pain, improves mood, induces mania. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2018; 20: 17l02193. 4. Khalili N and Gudarzi S. Opioid withdrawal-induced hypomania: A case series. J Opioid Manag 2012; 8: 67–72. 5. Shariat SV, Hosseinifard Z, Taban M, et al. Mania precipitated by opioid withdrawal: A retrospective study 2013. Am J Addict; 22: 338–343. 6. Cohen BM and Murphy B. The effects of pentazocine, a kappa agonist, in patients with mania. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2008; 11: 243–247. 7. Schmauss C, Yassouridis A, and Emrich HM. Antipsychotic effect of buprenorphine in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144: 1340–1342. 8. Navkhare P, Kalra G, and Saddichha S. Possible psychosis associated with buprenorphine withdrawal. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2017; 37: 748–749. 9. Gold MS, Pottash AC, Sweeney D, et al. Antimanic, antidepressant, and antipanic effects of opiates: Clinical, neuroanatomical, and biochemical evidence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1982; 398: 140–150. 10. Yin J, Barr AM, Ramos-Miguel A, et al. Antipsychotic-induced dopamine supersensitivity psychosis: A comprehensive review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15(1): 174–183.


The histopathological characteristics of the newly formed blood vessels in the atherosclerotic intima of human coronary arteries examined three-dimensionally and light microscopically using serial sections were as follows : (1) the vascular density in atherosclerotic intimas significantly correlated with the degree of luminal stenosis, (2) the neovascularization was prominent in the intimas showing chronic inflammatory infiltrate, formation of granulation tissue or atheromatous change, while decreased in the extensively hyalinized and calcified intimas, and (3) the intimal vasculature originated mainly from the adventitia and partly from the proper coronary lumen. These findings support the hypothesis that the arteriointimal angiogenesis represents an essential and coincidental response to arterial injuries occurring in atherosclerotic process.In vivo introduction of human VEGF mRNA into rabbit carotid arteries using HVJ-liposome method induced the prominent angiomatoid proliferation of endothelial cells in thickened intima due to fibromuscular hyperplasia. Thus, the interventional suppression of intimal neovascularization by gene therapy may be an effective therapy for the restenosis following PTCA in the futural perspectives.


LiCl and LiNO3 water solutions in the presence of small amounts of 3-helium have been investigated by means of multinuclear resonance spectroscopy. The resulting concentration dependences of the 3He, 6,7Li+, 14NO3− and 35Cl− resonance radiofrequencies are reported in the infinite limit. This data along with new theoretical corrections of shielding lithium ions was analyzed by a known NMR relationship method. Consequently, the nuclear magnetic moments of 6Li and 7Li were established against that of the helium-3 dipole moment: μ(6Li) = +0.8220457(50)μN and μ(7Li) = +3.256418(20)μN. The new results were shown to be very close to the previously obtained values of the (ABMR) atomic beam magnetic resonance method. This experiment proves that our helium method is well suited for establishing dipole moments from NMR measurements performed in water solutions. This technique is especially valuable when gaseous substances of the needed element are not available. All shielding constants of species present in water solutions are consistent with new nuclear magnetic moments and these taken as a reference. Both techniques—NMR and ABMR—give practically the same results provided that all shielding corrections are properly made.


This thesis interprets the novel from the perspective of initiation story.Based on archetypal theory,the novel inherits the archetypal experiences of initiation story in terms of structure,characters,as well as the arrangement of plots.In other words,the novel possesses the traditional characteristics of initiation story.Besides,in terms of initiation theme,the novel has its own characteristics.The purpose of this paper is to render the readers a comprehensive understanding and boundless artistic charm.


A processing unit device comprising a local register file system having registers for storing mapped addresses wherein each register is assigned with an address specified by an instruction operand and a data output port from which the mapped address stored within the registers is outputted Included is a spread register file system comprising data units comprising memory cells that are assigned with memory data unit addresses Each data unit is configured to receive and decode a mapped address, determine a corresponding memory data unit address, output data to be processed from memory cells that correspond to the memory data unit address, and store data within memory cells that correspond to the memory data unit address The processing unit device includes an output port for outputting the data to be processed from the memory cells, and an execution unit for processing data outputted from the spread register file system


AbstractThis paper is aimed to improve the mechanical properties (namely compressive and tensile strengths) of a recently developed fly ash-based engineered geopolymer composite (EGC) with relatively low-concentration activator combinations. In this regard, four different activator combinations (including two Na-based solutions and one K-based activator solution, and one lime-based activator combination in the form of powder) were used to develop the fly ash-based EGCs exhibiting strain hardening behavior under uniaxial tension. Randomly oriented short polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers (2% v/v) were used to reinforce the relatively brittle low-calcium (Class F) fly ash-based geopolymer matrix. The matrix and composite properties of the developed fly ash-based EGCs [including workability of the fresh matrix, density, compressive strength, matrix fracture properties (comprising elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and composite crack tip toughness), and uniaxial tensile behavior] were evaluated. A counterpart ...


The authors explored the evidence supporting the safety and side effect profile of enasidenib, FDA-approved in August 2017 for relapsed/refractory AML.


Rice is an essential staple food crop for more than half of the world's population (Xiong et al., 2013). China is the leading rice producer worldwide, and rice plays an important role in China's grain production. Moreover, over 65% of China's population consumes rice as their staple food (Zhang et al., 2005). Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient in crop growth and plays a decisive role in ensuring a high and stable crop yield (Erisman et al., 2008). Currently, the average N application rate for rice in China is 180 kg ha (Peng et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2013; Fu et al., 2021). However, the N application rate reaches 350 kg ha in the high-yield Taihu Lake area (Jiao et al., 2018). The past two decades have witnessed increased N fertilizer use, promoting essential rice yield growth in China. Unfortunately, the excessive N input has also caused water eutrophication, soil acidification, reduced rice production efficiency, and other adverse effects (Xia et al., 2016; Townsend et al., 2003). Minimizing N application while avoiding yield reduction is thus a research hot spot in China. Taking into account the disadvantages of predominantly applying base fertilizer and low-efficiency tiller fertilizer in traditional rice production (Ling et al., 2014), most agricultural scientists and technological workers promote the split application of N fertilizer based on leaf age (Ling et al., 1983), site-specific N management based on soil testing (Roland et al., 2019; Ling et al., 2005), real-time N management based on the © 2022 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences CHUANHAI SHU et al. 48 relationship between leaf colour and N content (Mohanty et al., 2021), and computer-assisted model optimization to guide fertilization policy (Baral et al., 2021; Sharma S., 2019; Pan et al., 2017; Peng et al., 2002; Angus et al., 1996). These systems have greatly contributed to reduced N use and increased rice yield. Existing studies have shown that improvements in N application methods have more potential than the optimization of the N application rate to further increase rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) (Yang et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2015). Increasing the number of N applications in paddy fields from 3 to 4 and 6 to 7 times can notably enhance NUE and achieve the goal of reducing N without affecting the yield. Nevertheless, increasing the frequency of N application can also add to operational costs and induce high water supply requirements, this has limited the promotion of low-intensity/high-frequency N application (Yang et al., 2020; Ohnishi et al., 1999). Rice requires more water than any other cereal grain, it accounts for approximately 60-70% of agricultural water use (Pan et al., 2017) and 50% of domestic water consumption. With increasing demands for industrial water and water for both urban and rural residents, the proportion of water allocated to rice production decreases each year. Therefore, researchers have also conducted many water-saving irrigation studies (Tabbal et al., 2002; Belder et al., 2004), including the application of alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) and controlled irrigation (CI) technologies. AWD is a water management technique that employs periodic drying and rehydration to reduce water consumption during the rice-growing season (Wang et al., 2016). Most studies propose that AWD can be used to enhance rice yield (Christy et al., 2018; Pan et al., 2017; Carrijo et al., 2018); however, a reduced yield has also been reported. These inconsistent findings may be related to soil water potential, quality, and pH (Carrijo et al., 2017). Compared with AWD, CI involves the application of more rigid water management techniques (Peng, 2009; Yu et al., 2002). After the rice seedlings have been transplanted, the field surface retains a thin 5-25 mm layer of water to allow the rice seedlings to recover from transplantation stress. However, there is no water layer on the field surface during the stages of growth after recovery. The effectiveness of irrigation is determined by taking the soil moisture of the root layer as the control index. The lower limit of soil moisture at different rice growth stages is 60-80% of the saturated moisture content of the soil, while the upper limit is at the point of soil saturation. This technique, which can be used to promote the migration of N from surface water to soil and increase the water and nutrient uptake of rice plants (Peng et al., 2009), is popular in areas prone to water shortages such as Ningxia, Jiangsu, and Heilongjiang (Peng et al., 2011). Due to its huge water requirements, rice has a more significant water-fertilizer coupling effect than that of other crops, which necessitates human regulation. Hence, research concerning water-fertilizer coupling in paddy fields has attracted much academic attention (Liu, 2019; Lin et al., 2016). With the large-scale construction of highstandard farmlands and the rapidly increasing availability of low-cost water and fertilizer integration facilities, lowintensity/high-frequency N application in paddy fields has overcome its previous limitations. The three "uniform" technique is an integrated water and fertilizer technology developed to meet the water and N requirements of rice in paddy fields, with "uniform nitrogen application (UN)" and "uniform water with fertilizer application" at its core (Yang et al., 2020). This technology allows for greatly reduced N and water use in rice production, but few studies have focused on the mechanism of action underlying these savings. In order to fill this gap, UN was studied (low-intensity/ high-frequency N application) which employed integrated water and fertilizer technology to explore the impact of water and N management on rice yield and the utilization of water and N. This study aimed to provide theoretical and technical support for high-yield practices and the efficient utilization of resources in rice production. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental sites were located at the experimental farm of the Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University (Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province; 30°43'N, 103°47'E) and also at the experimental farm of the Southwest University of Science and Technology (Fucheng District, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province; 31°32'N, 104°41'E). The Wenjiang site was located in the Chengdu Plain, a subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, with abundant precipitation, less sunshine, and relatively minor diurnal temperature differences. The Fucheng site was located west of the Sichuan Basin, in the north subtropical humid monsoon mountain climate zone, with uneven precipitation distribution, sufficient sunshine, and large temperature differences occurring between day and night. In addition, drought frequently occurs during the rice season of this region. In 2016, field experiments were conducted at both sites (experiments 1 and 2). A third field experiment (experiment 3) was performed at the Wenjiang site in 2017. The nutrient content of the soil at the two experimental sites is listed in Table 1. The Wenjiang site had fine sandy loam soil, whereas the Fucheng site had clay loam soil. Indica hybrid rice F-you 498 was used as the testing material. This variety is a three-line super hybrid Indica rice planted in a large area in Sichuan in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. REDUCED WATER AND NITROGEN INPUT IN RICE PRODUCTION NOT REDUCE YIELD 49 All three experimental designs were identical: a randomized block experiment involving two factors. The primary block was water management, which was divided into flooding irrigation (FI) and controlled irrigation (CI). In FI, after the rice was transplanted, a 1-3 cm water layer was always maintained above the surface of the paddy fields and dried naturally a week before harvesting. In CI, transplantation was conducted in shallow water (~1 cm), a 2 cm water layer was maintained in the fields for 5-7 days after transplanting to ensure that the seedlings turned green and survived. Subsequently, the surface water was drained and soil moisture of 70-80% was maintained before the booting stage. The fields were dried during the ineffective tillering stage, a 1-3 cm water layer was maintained above the soil surface during the booting stage, and alternate wetting and drying irrigation was implemented from heading to maturity (i.e., irrigated with 1-3 cm layer of water and dried naturally to achieve a soil water potential of -25 kPa). The secondary block was N management, which was divided into CK, farmers' usual nitrogen management (FU), optimized nitrogen treatment (ONT), and uniform nitrogen application (UN). In FU, 150 kg ha of N fertilizer was applied according to the ratio of base fertilizer:tillering fertilizer = 7:3, one day before and seven days after transplanting. In ONT, 150 kg ha of N fertilizer was applied according to the ratio of base fertilizer:tillering fertilizer:panicle fertilizer = 3:3:4, one day before and seven days after transplanting, and at the reciprocal fourth and second leaf stages (the panicle fertilizer was divided into two equal portions). In UN, 15, 15, 30, 15, 15, 15, and 15 kg (total 120 kg ha) of N fertilizer were applied at 7, 14, 35, 49, 56, 70, and 77 days after transplanting. There were 24 blocks in total, and each treatment was repeated three times. The plot area was 12 m (3 × 4 m), and the seedlings were transplanted at a hill spacing of 33.3 × 16.7 cm. There were 216 seedlings (12 rows and 18 seedlings per row) in each plot, and the planting density was 18 plants m. The extent of the irrigation was measured using a water meter, and all other field management practices were identical. Light interception (LI): During the heading stage and 10, 20, and 30 days after the heading stage, the effective solar radiation at the top (30 cm above the flag leaf tip) and base (10 cm from the ground) of the plant were measured using an Li-191 lig

http://www.international-agrophysics.org/pdf-146934-73094?filename=Do reduced water and.pdf


The invention relates to an LABVIEW-based variable frequency water treatment control system, comprising a software control part and variable frequency water treatment control equipment, wherein the software control part comprises the LABVIEW procedure and the single chip procedure of a computer; the variable frequency water treatment control equipment comprises a computer software control platform, a serial interface module, a single chip, a DDS module, a power amplification module, a power module and a water treater. The frequency of the control equipment of the system can change between 1Hz and 1MHz without steps and the output power can be adjusted between 0W and 400W without steps. The system can meet various water treatment requirements such as sterilization, scale prevention and removal, corrosion prevention, etc. The control system has the advantages of convenient software operation, strong control function, excellent equipment performance, safe and reliable use and high applicability, can be widely applied to the fields such as central heating, air-conditioners, hot water boilers, industrial water treatment, water purification and the like and serves as an effective tool for studying the variable frequency water treatment technology.


Introduction The IEEE 1588 standard, introduced in 2002, defines a protocol to synchronize distributed clocks on a network. It is becoming the preferred clock synchronization method for many different applications, including test and measurement, telecommunications, and multimedia streaming. This standardized method for synchronizing clocks is cost-effective, supports heterogeneous systems, and provides nanosecond-level synchronization precision.


With multimodal tasks increasingly getting pop- 001 ular in recent years, datasets with large scale 002 and reliable authenticity are in urgent demand. 003 Therefore, we present an e-commercial multi- 004 modal advertising dataset, E-MMAD, which 005 contains 120 thousand valid data elaborately 006 picked out from 1.3 million real product exam- 007 ples in both Chinese and English. Noticeably, it 008 is one of the largest video captioning datasets in 009 this field, in which each example has its product 010 video (around 30 seconds), title, caption and 011 structured information table that is observed to 012 play a vital role in practice. We also introduce 013 a novel task for vision-language research based 014 on E-MMAD: e-commercial multimodal ad- 015 vertising caption generation, which requires to 016 use aforementioned product multimodal infor- 017 mation to generate textual advertisement. Ac- 018 cordingly, we propose a baseline method on the 019 strength of structured information reasoning to 020 solve the demand in reality on this dataset. 021


Abstract SEVERAL recent reports have been concerned with the genetic aspects of selection for growth rate in poultry (Jaap and Smith (1959), Maloney et al. (1963), and Siegel (1962 and Siegel (1963)). Relatively little is known, however, about the biochemical mechanisms implementing the observed genetic alterations in growth rate. One approach attempting to gain an insight into these mechanisms has involved the quantitative chemical analysis of body constituents of chicks from growth-selected lines. The results of preliminary experiments utilizing this approach in the developing chick embryo have been published (Lepore et al., 1963). Essentially, these studies demonstrated few between-line differences in proximate and amino acid composition when the data were compared on a percentage composition basis. It was noted that embryos of the fast growing line were more efficient in the utilization of energy and a single essential amino acid (histidine) than were embryos of the slow growing line. The present study was…


In a highly competitive world, expenditure on research - development must be viewed with greater attention. Their impact on the future development of the Romanian economy is essential. Regression between expenditure ratio of research - development in GDP and unemployment rates calculated in this paper demonstrates that an increase in spending on research - development leads to a reduction in unemployment in the Romanian economy.


ERD wells are widely adopted due to its great economic benefits and its applicability for special purposes, while the drag along the horizontal section has limited the promotion of ERD wells. In order to reduce the drag, the survey data and cubic spline function are used to match the well trajectory. By taking the multi-dimensional wellbore with drag-reducer equipped casing string as continuous beam, taking into consideration the effects of bending loads, the effects of inclination, azimuth, and the geometric parameters of the casing string on the buckling of the casing string, the mechanical models for the casing string at different sections of the ERD well are established, having improved the "soft model" put forward by foreign scholars for calculating the buckling of casing string. And subsequently the theoretical calculation method for determining the proper location of drag reducer in ERD wells is set up.


This article discusses Ludwig von Mises's attempt to frame his business cycle analysis by an essentially stationary apparatus. It pays special attention to his choice to take sides with Frank Fetter (1902) and his theory of interest and highlights some unpleasant consequences for his study of monetary dynamics. The article provides a simple model to depict and clarify Mises's major shortcomings in real analysis. It is shown that in Human Action, his magnum opus first published in 1949, Mises has fallen far behind the frontiers of economic analysis, including major contributions of economists within or close to the Austrian tradition, like F.A. Hayek and Knut Wicksell. Of course, problems associated with the immense task of integrating money into real accumulation processes are numerous. Neither Mises's contemporaries, nor modern economists, have found satisfactory solutions. The particular significance of Mises idiosyncratic framework is due to the fact that his major prediction – any money-induced traverse necessarily reverses - ultimately depends on his barren analytical device. This prediction proves little robust in the light of even small variations of the underlying framework.


-In Israel, Testudo kleinmanni is active during winter. In summer the tortoises retreat to rodent burrows and their activity decreases. Decline of populations resulting from commercial collecting has resulted in its status as an endangered species. The behavior, activity, and thermal requirements of the species are examined. The Egyptian tortoise Testudo kleinmanni has a very limited distribution ranging from north central Libya eastward to Israel and to the south to about 200 km inland from the Mediterranean coast (Flower, 1933; Iverson, 1986). Loveridge and Williams (1957) reported that this tortoise inhabits desert areas in northwestern Egypt and that in the northern Sinai it is found among bushes near brackish lagoons. In Israel this tortoise inhabits areas of sandy soils and dunes with some cover of bushes and shrubs (Mendelssohn, 1982). In Egypt, Testudo kleinmanni s active throughout the winter (Lortet, 1887). Mendelssohn (1982) reported that the main activity period in Israel is from December to March, first-active individuals being observed as early as October. Rodent burrows were used as cover sites during the activity period if ambient temperature became unsuitable (Mendelssohn, 1982). The Egyptian tortoise is an endangered species, whose decline is the apparent result of commercial collecting in Egypt (Buskirk, 1985) and destruction of habitat in Israel (Mendelssohn, 1982). This paper describes the annual activity, thermal habits, and behavior associated with aestivation in the Egyptian tortoise; these data are essential to an understanding of the ecology of the species in Israel. 1 Present Address: Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. METHODS The study was carried out at Holot Agur, about 15 km north of Beer-Milka (63375, 42435; U.T.M. Grid), in the northwestern Negev Desert, on an area of 3 km2. This area is characterized by eastwest trending sand ridges separated by deep valleys. Mean annual air temperature is 20?C (Israel Meteorological Service, unpubl. data) with mean maximum temperature of 30?C in the hottest month (July) and a mean minimum of 12?C in the coldest month (January). Subzero temperatures are rare. Large fluctuations in air temperature (10-15?C) are common during the day. Most precipitation (100-200 mm) occurs between October and March. Vegetation cover averages 20-30% and consists primarily of the Artemisia monosperma plant association (Waisel et al., 1982). Other common plants are Retama raetam, Panicum turgidum, Stipagrostis scoparia, Lycium europaeum, Echiochilon fruticosum, Neurada procumbens, and Moltkiopsis ciliata. Data were obtained from nine radio-tagged adult tortoises (five males and four females), and from randomly collected individuals. Activity-sensing transmitters were glued with dental acrylic to the posterior carapace. The weight of transmitter and glue totalled 15-17 g, roughly 5-10% of body weight (males and females were about 150 and 300 g, respectively). Males carried transmitters for 18, 16, 10, 9, and 5 months; females for 16, 14, 5, and 4 months. Tortoises were monitored with AVM LA12-DS 404


Although it has clinical features that overlap with Kawasaki disease (KD) and toxic shock syndrome (TSS), an intense inflammatory storm distinguishes multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) from KD and TSS. We report four children with laboratory evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection presenting with persistent fever, mucocutaneous signs, and raised inflammatory markers associated with remarkable multi-organ involvement, particularly that of the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems. All of them responded well to immunosuppressive therapy, including intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone. The distinguishing clinical characteristics found in MIS-C include the age of the child, gastrointestinal symptoms, and hypotension without coronary involvement. Immediate medical care is needed for a better outcome, and most children need management in an intensive care unit.


The diagenetic alteration of clastic sediments is a major factor in determining the quality of oil and gas reservoirs. There are many possible diagenetic pathways leading to clastic bodies with different cements and different reservoir qualities. One of the controls on the pathways of clastic diagenesis is the availability of the various component ions. In marginal marine sands montmorillonite (smectite) and chlorite are often the major diagenetic clay mineral cements. In these sands the choice of either the smectite or the chlorite pathway depends on the availability of ferrous (Fe+2) iron relative to the ferric (Fe+3) iron ionic species. The ferrous/ ferric iron equilibrium may in turn be controlled by the availability of disseminated organic matter and the pH.


The literature on the recovery of sensation in transplanted skin is extremely scanty. In 1899, Stransky1reported a few observations in eleven cases of pedicle flaps and Thiersch grafts in which he described a return of tactile sensibility as early as ten days after transplantation. Dubreuilh and Noel2made a few incomplete observations in eleven cases of Wolfe grafts, and found that superficial sensation recovered in about a year. Williams3described the presence of impaired sensation in a Thiersch graft thirty years after operation. Davis and Traut4made the brief statement that recovery of sensation begins at the periphery of all types of skin grafts in four or five weeks, and that tactile sensibility is restored first, followed by pain and temperature sense. Their method of testing and specific cases are not described. While recovery of sensation is not of major importance in the late results


The invention relates to supported iron-based composite oxide catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst is made of titanium oxide or aluminum oxide serving as a carrier, iron and cerium serving as a host, and optional one or a plurality of transition metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, titanium and zirconium serving as axillaries. The mole ratio of the iron to the cerium is 1.0-10.0:1. The mole ratio of the host to the auxiliaries is 1.0-5.0:1. The mole ratio of the total of the host and auxiliaries to the carrier is 0.1-0.5:1. The preparation method includes: preparing the auxiliaries and the host into solution, soaking the carrier in the solution, dropwise adding precipitant for precipitation, filtering, drying and calcining. The catalyst has wide denitration temperature window and fine low-temperature denitration activity.


ABSTRACT This study analyses beta herding in the Brazilian stock market using a state–space model, controlled by two company groupings: those listed on the market index and those listed on the stock exchange as a whole. The findings revealed high herding in the Brazilian stock exchange, with only small differences between the groupings. Concerning the control variables, we verified that dividend yield, market volatility, SMB and WML factors were significant for both groups, indicating that herding is significant irrespective of those variables behavior


Using the published Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 5-yr data, we first show how sensitive the WMAP power spectra are to the form of the WMAP beam. It is well known that the beam profile derived from observations of Jupiter is non-Gaussian and indeed extends, in the W band for example, well beyond its 12.6-arcmin FWHM core out to more than 1° in radius. This means that even though the core width corresponds to wavenumber l≈ 1800, the form of the beam still significantly affects the WMAP results even at l≈ 200, which is the scale of the first acoustic peak. The difference between the beam convolved Cl and the final Cl is ≈ 70 per cent at the scale of the first peak, rising to ≈ 400 per cent at the scale of the second.

New estimates of the Q-, V- and W-band beam profiles are then presented, based on a stacking analysis of the WMAP5 radio source catalogue and temperature maps. The radio sources show a significantly (3–4σ) broader beam profile on scales of 10–30 arcmin than that found by the WMAP team, whose beam analysis is based on measurements of Jupiter. Beyond these scales, the beam profiles from the radio sources are too noisy to give useful information. Furthermore, we find tentative evidence for a non-linear relation between WMAP and ATCA/IRAM 95-GHz source fluxes. We discuss whether the wide beam profiles could be caused either by radio source extension or clustering and find that neither explanation is likely. We also argue against the possibility that Eddington bias is affecting our results. The reasons for the difference between the radio source and the Jupiter beam profiles are therefore still unclear. If the radio source profiles were then used to define the WMAP beam, there could be a significant change in the amplitude and position of even the first acoustic peak. It is therefore important to identify the reasons for the differences between these two beam profile estimates.


The two-phase flow pattern of a flow mixing nozzle plays an important role in jet breakup and atomization. However, the flow pattern of this nozzle and its transformation characteristics are still unclear. A diesel-air injection simulation model of a flow mixing nozzle is established. Then the two-phase flow pattern and transformation characteristics of the flow mixing nozzle is studied using a numerical simulation method. The effect of the air-diesel velocity ratio, ratio of the distance between the tube orifice and nozzle hole and the tube diameter (H/D), and the diesel inlet velocity was studied in terms of the jet breakup diameter (jet diameter at the breakup position) and jet breakup length (length of the diesel jet from the breakup position to the nozzle outlet). The results show that the jet breakup diameter decreases with the decrease in H/D or the increase in the air-diesel velocity ratio and diesel inlet velocity. The jet breakup length increases first and then decreases with the increase in H/D and air-diesel velocity ratio; the trend of the diesel inlet velocity is complicated. In addition, a change in the working conditions also causes some morphological changes that cannot be quantitatively analyzed in the diesel-air flow pattern. The transition characteristics of the flow pattern are analyzed, and it is found that the main reason for the change in the flow pattern is the change in the inertial force of the air, surface tension force, and viscous force of diesel (non-dimensional Reynolds number and Weber number describe the transition characteristics in this paper). The surface tension force of diesel decreases and the viscous force of diesel and inertial force of air increase when the air-diesel velocity ratio increases or H/D decreases. However, the effects of the diesel surface tension force and viscous force effect are much smaller than that of the air inertial force, which changes the diesel-air flow pattern from a drop pattern to a vibration jet pattern, broken jet pattern, and then a chaotic jet pattern.


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The tumor suppressor serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11 or LKB1) is mutated in 20-30% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient tumors. Loss of LKB1-AMPK signaling confers sensitivity to metabolic inhibition or stress-induced mitochondrial insults. We tested the hypothesis that loss of LKB1 sensitizes NSCLC cells to energetic stress induced by treatment with erlotinib. LKB1-deficient cells exhibited enhanced sensitivity to erlotinib in vitro and in vivo that was associated with alterations in energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. Knockdown of LKB1 altered the cellular response to erlotinib treatment, resulting in impaired ATP homeostasis and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, erlotinib selectively blocked mTOR signaling, inhibited cell growth, and activated apoptosis in LKB1-deficient cells. Erlotinib treatment also induced AMPK activation despite knockdown of LKB1, which was attenuated by the application of a CaMKKβ inhibitor (STO-609) and calcium chelator (BAPTA-AM). These findings may have significant implications for the design of novel NSCLC treatments that target dysregulated metabolic and signaling pathways in LKB1-deficient tumors. Introduction Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and is linked to 28% of all cancer deaths in the United States (1). Despite advances in traditional therapeutic strategies involving surgery, ionizing radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, the 5-year survival remains less than 20% (2).


A novel through wall radar imaging (TWRI) algorithm based on phase shift migration (PSM) with autofocus ability under unknown thickness or permittivity of wall is proposed in this paper. The entropy and variance of images obtained by PSM algorithm are computed to analyze the trends of the thickness and permittivity changing. The image when the entropy is minimized and the variance is maximized is stored as the output of TWRI result. Simulation results show that the proposed method can exactly estimate the value of the wall's thickness or permittivity and lead to high quality focused image.


Elderly is the fastest growing population among all age group and sleep impairment is one o the most frequent complaint found in older adults. Efforts are underwayed to help the client with sleep impairment by nursing researchers. However, there are only a few nursing literatures regarding sleep in general, and none for elderly in Korea to date. The purpose of this review is to examine researches related to sleep in elderly for its content, methodology, perspectives and theory in order to suggest potential research thrusts. Since little research has been done by nursing scholars and the sleep research is interdisciplinary, the review was conducted through all the available literatures by authors regardless the specialty because of their relevance to nursing. Sleep is an essential component for health and the quality of life of individuals. Normally, sleep pattern changes often result in sleep impairment followed by various problems such as fatigue, drowsiness, anxiety, potential injury, cognition decline, physical problems, and etc. Nurses are in the best position to prevent, monitor, evaluate and intervene for sleep problems of elderly, by their work charateristics of 24hour around clock for patients and primary health work involvement. In order to encourage more nursing research related to sleep, the state of art of sleep research has been reviewed and organized by following categories ; sleep pattern change in later life ; factors related to sleep impairment ; nursing intervention and nursing research considerations. It is suggested that nursing researches on sleep of Korean elderly is needed to identify the sleep pattern change to determine the extent of the problems and to develop nursing strategies feasible for Korean elderly, for better quality of life of older adults.


Introduction/ Background In recent years different technological solutions have emerged for the scanning or digitization of histological and cytological slides in pathology, from several manufacturers. High resolution scanning is usually based in tile (small fragment) or stripes (longitudinal areas) that are combined or stitched together to create a high magnification (usually equivalent to 20x to 40x magnification) global image. Thus, a large digital slide can be displayed using specific viewers to simulate the functions of a conventional microscope. A pyramid of images is a common solution. But each scanner manufacturer optimizes the process of collecting, managing and storing images in its own format, making difficult the interconnection between systems and the ability to share images between different formats, and, generally a heavy process of image conversion and a loss of information is needed. Aims The objective is to present the process performed on proprietary image formats of histological and cytological slides in pathology to convert them the be compliant with the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) standard, according to 145 and 122 supplements, and their subsequent storage in a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). Methods Python was chosen as programming platform due to its versatility and available tools. Furthermore, for future projects, Python can be used to apply signal analysis on digital images. A Pentium Core i3 4GB RAM, 1TB server with Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS Server was used. In the server, a developer platform Eclipse Version 3.8.1 allowed the installation of PyDev for Eclipse 4.3.0 and Eclipse Jgit 1.3.0 plugins. It has been connected to a Github repository to manage developing versions. The solutions has been structured into a Python package to obtain images coming from proprietary images to be standardized to an image compliant with DICOM supplement 145, and sending them to the PACS. Results In order to test compatibility, David A. Clunie's dicom3tools was used. This allowed verification of all Tags of the generated files, indicating those who are required according to each image, and also it offers information of those tags where included data does not match the standard and those with values that do not correspond to that standard. This tool helped to finally obtain a result of 0% errors in all generated files. Regarding storage tests, two different PACS were used. First, in collaboration with T-systems Company, an open source dcm4chee DICOM Archive 2 (dcm4che.org), and second, in collaboration with IRE Rayos X company, a commercial IRE Store Channel 4.3 was also used in several tests. After some tests with commercial and open source PACS, we could obtain the following c onclusions: In the negotiation phase, the PACS did not recognize the predetermined configuration stated in supplement 145. The solution was changing SOP to "VL Microscopic Image Storage". Each level of the pyramid will be stored as an instance inside the same series, and each tile as a frame inside a multi-frame object. The dcm4che.org PACS offers a WADO service that allows accessing each frame separately, inside the same object, which can be useful for the implementation of slide viewers in pathology. Acknowledgment : This work has been supported by the AIDPATH project, an EU 7FP IAPP Marie Curie action, contract number 612471


Due to lack of leadership combined with occasional and haphazard top-level management, the 2012 Oslo World Snowboard Championships (WSC) were faced with wicked and critical problems (Grint, 2005) r ...


The bovine cattle industry reached its current status mainly due to reproductive biotecniques. Artificial insemination is the most employed Brazilian biotecniques. The first step of semen processing is its collection made by artificial vagina (AV) or eletroejaculation (EEJ) procedures. Recentely the eletroejaculation has been considered a welfare problem by cientific comunity. Five Freedoms and the physiologic and behaviour indicators are the main methods of welfare assessment. The objective this work was to evaluate the stress effects to EEJ in Nelore bulls. Twenty Nelore bulls were divided in two groups. The Control (n=10) was displaced weekly for nine weeks to a stable for evaluation behavior indicators for five minutes. The animals were restrained in a trunk for evaluation of physiological indicators (respiratory and heart rates, and rectal temperature) and blood sample collection for measurement of cortisol and progesterone plasmatic. After that they remained restrained for five minutes, followed by another evaluation of the physilogical variables. They were released in a stable for five minutes for individual evaluation of the behavior indicators. The Stress group (n=10) was submitted to the same protocol except that the animals were submitted to a five minute session of transrectal eletric stimulation by EEJ device while they remained restrained. The animals of the Control group were also submitted to EEJ the nineth week of the study. Both before and after of the restrain period the animals of the Stress group showed greater frequence of lower head than those from Control group. The animals of the Stress group also had higher respiratory and heart rates and cortisol and progesterone plasma concetrations in the second evaluation of the restrain period than those from the Control group. Eletric stimulation modified the welfare behavior indicators in both groups after and during the restrain period. The respiratory frequence, heart rates, cortisol and progesterone plasmatic concentrations of the second evaluation of the restrain period were higher in the Stress group so the EEJ for five minutes should be considered a stress agent in Nelore bulls (Bos taurus indicus).


ABSTRACT School reform strategies involving restructuring require that administrators redefine their roles. Most of the research in this area has emphasized new rather than veteran administrators. However, if these reform strategies are to be implemented, school administrators at mid‐career stages will need to change their conceptions of the role. This article identifies and examines literature concerning the major issues of socialization to a role conception, including definitions, sources, and socialization mechanisms for changing conceptions of the role. The article also presents a research agenda based on this theoretical examination that delineates research questions, relevant variables, and possible findings regarding changing role conceptions. The research agenda focuses on two major strategies of educational reform: shared decision making and schools of choice.


A critique of the analysis of the hiring process featured in Michael Lewis' book and film, Moneyball. The study suggests that intuition is insufficient for providing guidance in the selection of employees.


The metallographic examination of 5083 and 5086 alloys was carried out, intergranular corrosion grade of the samples and the mass loss range can be determined by micrographical comparison.


A simplified method is proposed for analyzing multiperiod design of regional wastewater systems and other systems possessing a similar network flow structure. The primary objective of the method is generation of multiperiod locations and facility expansion timings. The method is based on several simplifying assumptions. The solution procedure involves a branch and bound algorithm specifically developed for integrating a set of solutions obtained using the initial design flow with a set of solutions obtained using the terminal design flow. A method for comparing the generated multiperiod alternatives is also proposed. The usefulness of the method is demonstrated, using as an example a hypothetical regional waste water system. A Fortran program was written to implement the method. The program is not in a form that would permit its transfer, but interested readers may contact the first author.