Chapter 1 An olefin metathesis reaction between Mo(NAr)(CHCMe 2Ph)(OCMe(CF 3)2)2 (Ar = 2,6diisopropylphenyl) and trans-i 1,4-divinylbenzene or trans, trans1,4-di-buta1,3-dienylbenzene (5) results in the formation of bimetallic ROMP initiators [(DME)((CF 3)2MeCO)2(ArN)MoCH] 2-1,4-C 6H4 (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane; la) and [(DME)((CF 3)2MeCO)2(ArN)MoCHCHCH]2-1,4-C 6H4 (6), respectively. An X-ray study of [(THF)((CF3)2MeCO)2(ArN)MoCH]2-1,4-C 6H4 (THF = tetrahydrofuran; ib), which is closely related to la, showed it to be the expected bimetallic species in which each end is approximately a trigonal bipyramidal monoadduct of a syn alkylidene with the THF coordinated to the NOO face of the metal trans to the Mo=C bond. Treatment of la with lithium-t-butoxide yielded [(Bu-t-O) 2(ArN)MoCH] 2-1,4-C 6 H4 (2). Addition of four equivalents of Me3CCH 2MgCl to la produced the bimetallic species [(Me 3CCH 2)2(ArN)MoCH]2-1,4-C 6H4 (3), which upon treatment with 2,6diisopropylphenol generated a diastereomeric mixture of [(DME)(ArO)(Me 3CCH 2 )(ArN)MoCH] 2-1,4-C 6H4 (4). The solid state structure of 3 revealed a "syn/syn" bimetallic species related to lb. In solution two resonances can be observed in the alkylidene region of the 1H NMR spectra for the "syn/anti" isomer of la, Ib, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The total amount of the "syn/anti" isomer varies between 4 and 20% of the total. Bimetallic species la, 2, and 6 initiate at both ends upon addition of less than ten equivalents of 4,5-dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene (DCMNBD), and afford homopolymers of DCMNBD and methyltetracyclododecene (MTD) in a living fashion. MALDI-TOF mass spectra of ferrocene-containing homopolymers have been obtained that are consistent with the polymerization process being living. Triblock copolymers MTDxDCMNBDyMTDx were prepared by adding y equivalents of DCMNBD to the bimetallic ROMP initiators followed (after consumption of DCMNBD) by 2x equivalents of MTD. These triblocks were shown to be of relatively high purity (free of homopolymer and diblock copolymer) and to have a relatively low polydispersity index. Chapter 2 A series of monomers with side chain liquid crystals (SCLCs) were synthesized for ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The liquid crystals (LCs) used were 4hydroxybenzoic acid 4-methoxyphenyl ester (MPOB-H), which is known to exhibit a nematic liquid crystalline phase, and biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid 4-(1butoxycarbonylethoxy)phenyl ester (BPP4-H), which is known to exhibit a smectic phase. The side chains differed in spacer length, spacer type, and the nature of the LC. Monomers were polymerized using a bimetallic ROMP initiator [(Bu-t-O) 2(ArN)MoCH]2-1,4-C 6H4 (where Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl); both homopolymers and ABA type triblock copolymers, where the B block is the LC functional monomer, and A is methyltetracyclodocene (MTD) were prepared. The polymers displayed unimodal peak distributions with polydispersities < 1.22. Incorporation of a polyoxyethylene spacer decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer block to -25 from +20 TC, the Tg when an alkyl spacer was used. Although no distinct LC phase was observed with the polyoxyethylene spacer when MPOB was used, use of BPP4 in conjunction with a polyoxyethylene spacer displayed a distinct liquid crystalline transition. Polymers with an alkyl spacer exhibited liquid crystalline behavior and good phase segregation on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry and small-angle X-ray scattering studies. Chapter 3 Molybdenum imido alkylidene complexes supported by 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, 2,6dimethylphenyl, 1-adamantyl, or 2-trifluorophenyl that contain relatively electronwithdrawing phenolate (pentafluoro), binaphtholate (3,3'-bis(9-anthracenyl), 3,3'bispentafluorophenyl, or 3,3'-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)) or biphenolate (3,3'-ditert-butyl-5,5'-bistrifluoromethyl-6,6'-dimethyl-1,1'-biphenyl) ligands have been prepared to be tested in olefin metathesis reactions. A series of new monomeric pyrrolide complexes, Mo(NR)(CHCMe 2R')(2,5-dimethylpyrrolide) 2 (where R' = Me or Ph) and Mo(NAd)(CHCMe 2Ph)(2,4-dimethylpyrrolide) 2, were also synthesized and treated with alcohols, biphenols or binaphthols in order to generate Mo(NR)(CHCMe 2Ph)(diolate) species. In several cases the new alkylidene complexes could be prepared only through reaction of two equivalents of pentafluorophenols or an equivalent of binaphthol (3,3'bis(pentafluorophenyl)binaphthol or 3,3'-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl binaphthol) with a bis(2,5-dimethylpyrrolide) complex. The pyrrolide approach can be employed either to isolate catalysts on a preparative scale or to generate catalysts in situ. Several simple preliminary ring-closing metathesis reactions show that the new complexes are catalytically competent. Chapter 4 Living ring opening metathesis polymerization of cyclopropenes using Mo(NAr)(CHCMe 2R)(O-t-Bu) 2 (where R = Me; la or R = Ph; ib) and Mo(NAr)(CHCMe 2Ph)(OCMe(CF 3)2)2 (2) has been achieved. The polydispersity indices of the polymers generated are recorded to be < 1.10 for la and lb based on gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Living polymerization of 3-methyl-3phenylcyclopropene (MPC) by t-butoxide derived molybdenum imido alkylidene initiators is utilized in the synthesis of block copolymers. Diblock copolymers MPCPxDCMNBDy (where DCMNBD = 2,3-dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene and x and y are the number of equivalents of MPC and DCMNBD, respectively) were prepared in quantitative yield with unimodal peak distribution via sequential addition of monomers to the initiator 1b. Triblock copolymers MPC 100MEMC 100MPCoo0 and MTDiooMEMCIooMTDjoo were prepared using [(O-t-Bu) 2(ArN)MoCH]2-1,4-C 6H4 (IC) as an initiator. The block copolymers revealed good phase segregation based on the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). ROMP of MPC by molybdenum imido alkylidene initiators containing electron-withdrawing diolates resulted in highly tactic polymers as determined by 'H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. IR spectroscopy of all MPCl 00 revealed absorptions at 963 and/or 982 cm-1 of approximately equal intensity that are most consistent with a trans structure. Chapter 5 Addition of one equivalent of ROH to Mo(NAr)(CHCMe 2Ph)(2,5-dimethylpyrrolide) 2 (Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) in diethyl ether or THF yielded Mo(NAr)(CHCMe 2Ph)(OR)(2,5-dimethylpyrrolide) species where R = (CH 3)3C (1), (CH 3)2CH (2), Ar (3), (CF 3)2CH (4), (CF 3)2MeC (5), (Bu-t-O) 3SiO (6) or C6F50 (7). Treatment of an equivalent of PMe3 to 5 resulted in the formation of (Me3P)Mo(NAr)(CHCMe 2Ph)(OCMe(CF 3)2)(PyrMe) (Me3P-5), which showed trans binding of PMe3 with respect to 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide ligand as determined by the 'H NOESY spectrum. The solid state structure of 3 depicts a psuedo-tetrahedral geometry around the metal center with the 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide ligand bound rq' to the metal cener. Complexes 1-6 show rapid reaction when treated with one atmosphere of ethylene and catalyze ring-closing metathesis reactions. Hetereogenous analogs of 6, Mo(NAr)(CHCMe 2Ph)(PyrMe)(OSisurf) (10a), Mo(NAd)(CHCMe 2Ph)(PyrMe)(OSisurf) (10b) and Mo(NArF)(CHCMe 2Ph)(PyrMe)(OSisurf) (10c) (Ad = 1-adamantyl and ArF = 2trifluoromethylphenyl) showed great enhancement in the catalytic activity when employed in self-metathesis of propene and ethyloleate. Ring-closing enyne metathesis catalyzed by 1 6 leads to cyclic products that arise through initial addition of the triple bond to a methylene species (initially neophylidene) to yield an cCor a 3-substituted metallacyclobutene intermediate. Thesis Supervisor: Richard R. Schrock Title: Frederick G. Keyes Professor of Chemistry TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Title Page 1 Signature Page 2 Dedication 3 Abstract 4 Table of


Small-parameter systems in general standard systems systems with slow and fast variables systems with small perturbing forces singularly perturbed systems.


Nitrogen-doped diamond-like carbon (N-DLC) films were synthesized by helicon wave plasma chemical vapor deposition (HWP-CVD). The mechanism of the plasma influence on the N-DLC structure and properties was revealed by the diagnosis of plasma. The effects of nitrogen doping on the mechanical and hydrophobicity properties of DLC films were studied. The change of the ratio of precursor gas flow reduces the concentration of film-forming groups, resulting in the decrease of growth rate with the increase of nitrogen flow rate. The morphology and structure of N-DLC films were characterized by scanning probe microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The mechanical properties and wettability of N-DLC were analyzed by ultra-microhardness tester and JC2000DM system. The results show that the content ratio of N+ and N2+ is positively correlated with the mechanical properties and wettability of N-DLC films. The enhancement hardness and elastic modulus of N-DLC are attributed to the increase of sp3 C-N bond content in the film, reaching 26.5 GPa and 160 GPa respectively. Water contact measurement shows that the increase of the N-bond structure in N-DLC makes the film have excellent hydrophobic properties, and the optimal water contact angle has reached 111.2 degree. It is shown that the HWP technology has unique advantages in the modulation of functional nanomaterials.


This research: Provides a thumbnail sketch of the development of technology education in North America Analyses the nature of change from craft practice (industrial arts) to design and technology (technology education) Helps you to see the connection between our struggles in the UK and developments in North America The change from an industrial arts to a technology education curriculum with i n Canada and the Un i ted States has been under way for several years . An examination of the emerging programmes reveals that , although several diverse approaches are being pursued by the various states and provinces , a number of trends and issues are emerging wh i ch highl i ght factors that need to be considered as curriculum development and change processes occur . Attention t o these can help educators in a more successful and acceptable trans i tion to a technology educat i on programme .


The reliance of most moth species on female-produced sex pheromones for mate attraction makes their communication system an ideal target for pest management. Mating disruption, by release of synthetic sex pheromone into the atmosphere, has been developed to control many lepidopteran pests and is available commercially for several species (Carde & Minks, 1995). Selection pressure provided by continuous application of mating disruptants could result in the evolution of resistance to this tactic, and this possibility should be evaluated before it occurs. The potential for resistance to mating disruption will depend on genetically-based variation in production of and response to pheromone within and amongst populations (Lofstedt, 1990, 1993; Phelan, 1992). The diverse phylogenetic pattern of lepidopteran pheromones suggests that natural selection has shaped the evolution of species-specific pheromones. Long-term use of mating disruptants that effectively control pest populations, could provide the necessary selection pressure for an alteration in the communication system and the evolution of resistance to mating disruption (Carde & Minks, 1995). In the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), the sex pheromone consists of a main component, Z7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:Ac), and five minor components (Bjostad et al., 1984). Haynes & Hunt (1990) discovered an abnormal pheromone phenotype in a laboratory colony of T. ni that was the result of a single, recessive autosomal gene mutation. Mutant females release a pheromone that contains a twenty-fold increase of one minor component, Z9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac) and a thirty-fold decrease of another minor component, Z5-dodecenyl acetate (Z512:Ac). Initially, male T. ni that carried the mutant gene responded like normal males, demonstrating a preference for the normal pheromone. However, after 49 generations within a pure mutant colony, males responded equally well to both mutant and normal pheromones (Liu & Haynes, 1994). Thus, there are genetically-based differences in both female pheromone and male response (Liu & Haynes, 1994). The potential for mating disruption to result in evolutionary changes in the pheromone was tested on laboratory-derived populations of T. ni using a replicated selection experiment in large field cages. We manipulated the environment (pheromone-treated vs. clean-air control) that moths were exposed to and followed the evolution of the pheromone phenotype in five closed (no gene flow) populations across four offspring generations. The normal pheromone blend applied as a mating disruptant provided selection pressure that influenced the frequency of the mutant allele in the population.


The Addis Ababa Agreement embodied the unprecedented decision that South Sudan was to have a parliament, a president, a cabinet, and an administration of Southerners. The politics surrounding the establishment and administration of the Southern Regional Government became the dominant theme of the ensuing period. The period 1972–83 later tended to be seen as a hiatus of calm during which the parties caught their breath before the next bout of warfare. Yet this was not a period of tranquility but one of "no peace no war." The regional government was an elite project of a small class of politicians and administrators in Juba, and political tension, uncertainty, insecurity, repression, and violence continued to mar the everyday life of many South Sudanese. Within five years of the Agreement, optimism had given way to fatalistic expectation of renewed war. It had soon become evident that autonomy was an illusion, that only a minimal amount of actual power would be vested in the regional government, and that a mere fraction of the promised economic transfers would ever reach Juba. Even more problematic was the anomaly of Southern democracy within a one-party state under military dictatorship – a system echoed later in the vexed relations between Beijing and Hong Kong. In essence, the success of the Addis Ababa Agreement depended almost entirely on the ability and willingness of President Nimeiri to execute it. The period 1980–3 witnessed a crash in slow motion: southerners saw impending disaster but were unable to prevent it. It would later become clear, however, that this era of regional government was crucial in the making of independent South Sudan. Despite all that came after, it gave proof that autonomy of the type proffered at Addis Ababa was unworkable and thus prepared the ground for the CPA in 2005. Although the flimsiness of the Addis Ababa arrangements and the disappointments related to its implementation – "too many agreements dishonored" – have been presented as instructive, at a more fundamental level we may discern in this period of institutional politics the shaping of South Sudan as a polity.


The 10 day explosive phase of the 2008–2009 eruption of Chaitén volcano, Chile, draped adjacent watersheds with a few cm to >1 m of tephra. Subsequent lava‐dome collapses generated pyroclastic flows that delivered additional sediment. During the waning phase of explosive activity, modest rainfall triggered an extraordinary sediment flush which swiftly aggraded multiple channels by many meters. Ten kilometer from the volcano, Chaitén River channel aggraded 7 m and the river avulsed through a coastal town. That aggradation and delta growth below the abandoned and avulsed channels allow estimates of postdisturbance traction‐load transport rate. On the basis of preeruption bathymetry and remotely sensed measurements of delta‐surface growth, we derived a time series of delta volume. The initial flush from 11 to 14 May 2008 deposited 0.5–1.5 × 106 m3 of sediment at the mouth of Chaitén River. By 26 May, after channel avulsion, a second delta amassed about 2 × 106 m3 of sediment; by late 2011 it amassed about 11 × 106 m3. Accumulated sediment consists of low‐density vesicular pumice and lithic rhyolite sand. Rates of channel aggradation and delta growth, channel width, and an assumed deposit bulk density of 1100–1500 kg m−3 indicate mean traction‐load transport rate just before and shortly after avulsion (∼14–15 May) was very high, possibly as great as several tens of kg s−1 m−1. From October 2008 to December 2011, mean traction‐load transport rate declined from about 7 to 0.4 kg−1 m−1. Despite extraordinary sediment delivery, disturbed channels recovered rapidly (a few years).


Purpose of review Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are inherited conditions where components of the immune system are missing or dysfunctional. Over 300 genes have been causally linked to monogenic forms of PID, including a number that regulate the actin cytoskeleton. The majority of cytoskeletal defects disrupt assembly and disassembly of filamentous actin in multiple immune cell lineages impacting functions such as cell migration and adhesion, pathogen uptake, intercellular communication, intracellular signalling, and cell division. Recent findings In the past 24 months, new actin defects have been identified through next generation sequencing technologies. Substantial progress has also been made in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to immunological dysfunction, and also how the cytoskeleton participates in normal physiological immune processes. Summary This review summarises recent advances in the field, raising awareness of these conditions and our current understanding of their presentation. Description of further cases and new conditions will extend the clinical phenotype of actin-related disorders, and will promote the development of more effective and targeted therapies.


We have investigated the survivability of our 0.1- and 0.15-/spl mu/m InP HEMT devices and MMIC amplifiers under high input RF drive levels. Input destruction powers as high as 22 and 26 dBm were observed for the 0.1- and 0.15-/spl mu/m MMIC amplifiers, respectively. These results shows that InP HEMT is suitable for many applications even where high survivability levels are required. Analytical analysis and harmonic balanced nonlinear simulations suggest that device destruction be due to large drain-gate voltage swing that exceeds the breakdown voltage under high RF drives. The survivability of an MMIC amplifier depends on its impedance matching and can be improved by using large devices.


AbstrcatContents of Ni、Cd、Cu、Mn、Pb and Zn in soil from slag wasteland of Xiangtan Manganese Mine were investigated and evaluations were made by using pollution index. The results showed that the average contents of Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn 、Cd、Ni in soil collected from the slag wasteland of Xiangtan Manganese Mine are 8 853.21、95.80、1 211.29、685.36、13.15 and 91.33 mg/kg respectively. Individual event pollution index of 6 kinds of heavy mental by three different background are all greater than 2, which shows the soil has been contaminated, and Mn、Pb、Cd are the most serious among these heavy metals. And the comprehensive pollution index are all greater than 3, which shows the pollution grade of the soil reachs five grade heavy pollution.


Ferguson and Temin criticize my article for only paying lip service to the notion of a twin crisis while providing a story of a pure banking crisis. In fact, I have never claimed that the crisis was a pure banking crisis. The question is whether and to what extent banks contributed to the crisis. Ferguson and Temin take the position that the crisis was a pure currency crisis. I argue that weaknesses in the banking sector existed, which interacted with the currency problems in numerous ways. The focus of my article on banks reflects the nature of the question, rather than any view that currency problems were unimportant.


A Field experiment was conducted in kharif season 2018-19 at experimental farm of College of Agriculture, Badnapur to study effect of silicon on soybean. The results emerged out clearly indicated that various parameters like plant height, number of pods, number of nodules, dry matter kg ha-1, oil content, seed yield and straw yield was increased due to foliar application of potassium silicate @ 2 %. Along with RDF.


We study the trading behavior of retail investors in the market of leveraged bank-issued retail derivatives, which are designed to encourage excessive trading and speculation. We investigate whether retail investors have private information and benefit disproportionately or whether they gamble without private information. We answer this question along three dimensions: (i) profitability, (ii) news trading, and (iii) transaction costs. We distinguish between derivatives by the type of underlying (index vs. individual stocks). We find that raw returns are negative for derivatives with stocks as the underlying, and only partially positive for those with index as the underlying. Nevertheless, risk-adjusted returns show poor performance, with Sharpe ratios below 0.30. We show that retail investors are attracted by news, but do not have private information prior to news events.


In this paper, we provide insights on the prediction of asset returns via novel machine learning methodologies. Machine learning clustering-enhanced classification and regression techniques to predict future asset return movements are proposed and compared. Numerical experiments show good applicability of the methodologies and backtesting unveils superior results in China A-shares markets.


*The characteristics of syngas evolution during pyrolysis and gasification of waste rubber have been investigated. A semi-batch reactor was used for the thermal decomposition of the material under various conditions of pyrolysis and high temperature steam gasification. The results are reported at two different reactor temperatures of 800 and 900 o C and at constant steam gasifying agent flow rate of 7.0 g/min and a fixed sample mass. The characteristics of syngas were evaluated in terms of syngas flow rate, hydrogen flow rate, syngas yield, hydrogen yield and energy yield. Gasification resulted in 500% increase in hydrogen yield as compared to pyrolysis at 800 o C. However, at 900 o C the increase in hydrogen was more than 700% as compared to pyrolysis. For pyrolysis conditions, increase in reactor temperature from 800 to 900 o C resulted in 64% increase in hydrogen yield while for gasification conditions a 124% increase in hydrogen yield was obtained. Results of syngas yield, hydrogen yield and energy yield from the rubber sample are evaluated with that obtained from woody biomass samples, namely hard wood and wood chips. Rubber gasification yielded more energy at the 900 o C as compared to biomass feedstock samples. However, less syngas and less hydrogen were obtained from rubber than the biomass samples at both the temperatures reported here.


Observers most commonly use imagers to gather Johnson/Cousins photometry, but cameras have a difficult time with stars as bright as alpha Orionis. Superior results are obtainable with single-channel photometers in the old-school technique known as PEP. We review such data in UBVRIJH from 2019-2020. The Great Dimming of Betelgeuse caused much popular excitement, inspiring many AAVSO observers to follow the star. While the collected results were somewhat mixed (figure 1), data from the photoelectric photometry group 3 came out very clean (figure 2). This curve can be contrasted against the for the prior season. Both peaked at minimum light, showed more reddening as the star brightened. The


Semi-active systems provide an attractive alternative to active and hybrid control systems for structural vibration reduction. For many semi-active devices, physical considerations constrain the actual damping force such that it can only resist the structural motion in the damper anchors. In order to derive an appropriate optimal control law, a dynamic optimization subjected to inequality constraints is required. In this study, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions are used to nd a candidate optimum for two cases - one control signal and two control signals. An algorithm is proposed for numerical implementation of the control signals as a piecewise linear feedback.


We consider the quantum evolution of a pair of interacting atoms in a three dimensional isotropic trap where the interaction strength is quenched from one value to another. Using exact solutions of the static problem we are able to evaluate time-dependent observables such as the overlap between initial and final states and the expectation value of the separation between the two atoms. In the case where the interaction is quenched from the non-interacting regime to the strongly interacting regime, or vice versa, we are able to obtain analytic results. Examining the overlap between the initial and final states we show that when the interaction is quenched from the non-interacting to strongly interacting regimes the early time dependence dynamics are consistent with theoretical work in the single impurity many-body limit. When the system is quenched from the strongly to non-interacting regime we predict large oscillations in the separation between the two atoms, which arises from a logarithmic divergence due to the zero-range nature of the interaction potential.


N ews media organizations are notorious for being inadequately self-critical. Journalism as a profession instinctively questions authority and challenges the self-serving rhetoric of powerful individuals and institutions. But, the profession tends to bristle when its own field is criticized. The media industry resists the very scrutiny that it demands of other businesses and the state. With good reason, therefore, much of the critical scholarship in media studies is directed at revealing the structural flaws that limit journalism's ability to fulfil its potential as a servant of democracy and the public interest. Paradoxically, though, the journalistic profession has not been particularly competent in advertising its strengths. Of course, they are always ready to recite ritualistically their core principles, such as the public's right to know, their respect for factual accuracy and balance, and so on. However, the expression of such ideals tends to drowned out by endless examples of journalistic practice that are sub-standard, unprincipled, and even downright corrupt. Media academics do not believe it is their job to leap to rescue of the profession's reputation. On the contrary, most courses about journalism and society focus on the negative, in line with what most academics see as their role in peeling back propaganda and revealing how poorly things really work. In this, media academics may have been too effective. This struck me when I started teaching media studies courses some 15 years ago. I was all ready to remove the blinkers from my students' eyes, so that they could see how commercialism and other forces were diverting media from their mission. I soon realized that this was no surprise to my students. They were children of the neoliberal era, taking it for granted that the market (along with the state, in more authoritarian settings) dictated everything. Indeed, they found it hard to conceive of any alternative way of organizing journalism or the world. I had been trying to feed a dose of healthy skepticism to individuals who were already steeped in cynicism. This troubled me, because I knew that, all over Asia and the world, there still existed groups of journalists who were resisting the tides. If college students did not believe such projects were possible, too few of them would want to enter the profession or would do so for the wrong reasons. And, not enough of them would lend their all-important support as citizens when their country's media come under threat—which is practically all of the time. In recent years, authoritarian populist politicians have deliberately cultivated this cynicism, attacking the credibility of the press to make their own tenuous relationship with truth appear no worse. It is vital that we do not allow media that are middling, mediocre and misguided blind us to the continued existence of more principled journalism. There are still news organizations working hard to protect the professional ethos of journalism as an enterprise dedicated to the public interest, independent from the political and economic forces that it covers. We need to highlight their existence if journalism is to win public support and attract a new generation of principled practitioners. This special report is part of such a project. It describes some of the region's exemplary news organizations. The media outlets covered would not qualify for sainthood, but they are recognized as standard bearers for professional values. The study focuses on newer ethical dilemmas that


This study was conducted to determine the effect of perceived social support on the psychological well-being of individuals. The research was carried out by adopting the relational screening model, which is one of the quantitative research patterns. The study group of the research consists of 350 people with different demographic structure. The individuals participating in the research, have been identified by an easily accessible sampling method. The study was carried out in March 2020, when the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic. In order to collect data in the research, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale developed by Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet and Farley (1988), adapted to Turkish by Doğan and Arkar (1995) and the Short Psychological Resilience Scale developed by Smith, Dalen, Wiggins, Tooley, Christopher and Jennifer Bernard (2008) and adapted to Turkish by Doğan (2015) forms were used to identify the characteristics of the participants. According to the results of the study, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the perceived social support levels of the individuals and


Abstract We present an efficient way to learn automatically letter-to-phoneme mapping rules for Polish by using the concept of "dynamic context shortening method". Attempts at reconstruction of transcription rules date back to 1987, when Sejnowski and Rosenberg applied a self-organizing neural network for "grapheme-to-phoneme" mapping. In the latter approaches decision tree based methods were applied. The trees for each letter were built starting from empty contexts. The left and right contexts were then alternately widened until the transcription ambiguity of the training data disappeared. We started in our approach from the symmetrical context wide enough to ensure unambiguous transcription in every context surroundings. Then both contexts, i.e., left and right, were shortened alternately until the ambiguity appeared. In all the cases where ambiguous transcriptions occurred, the previous context forms were restored and were not shortened further. Therefore at every step the cause of ambiguity, namely too short left or right context, was clearly known and removed. On the basis of the results obtained, the transcription tables for each letter were constructed. A 350,000 character corpus of Polish text transcribed into phonemic form was prepared and different-length training samples were taken from it at random and analysed. The remaining parts were used for verification. It turned out that it was enough to prepare a 30,000 character training sample to learn Polish grapheme-to-phoneme minimum-context mapping. We describe also three original generalization methods which we call rules coring, indeterminacies absorption and a guessing method. The last was invented to be applied in case of a limited acceptance of a context. The methods applied together allow the removal of about 70% of errors.


We describe the results of an experiment conducted to test predictions about student responses to questions about motion based on an explicit model of student thinking in terms of the cuing of a variety of different physical intuitions or conceptual resources. This particular model allows us to account for observed variations in patterns of student responses in a way that positing the existence of fixed student conceptions about motion does not. As a result of the experiment, we suggest refinements of our model in order to better account for additional features of the student responses.


Executive Overview It has become increasingly clear in the research literature that successful organizations have found ways to ensure that their organizational missions are aligned both in terms of fit with the external environment and with all factors internal to the organization. The challenge is that accomplishing this fit is easier said than done. Too often there is a gap between what the organization says it seeks to do and what its employees actually do. The purpose of this paper is to offer managers a method by which they can create and conduct an audit of the gaps in the alignment of their organizational practices, policies, and procedures with their mission. The value of conducting such an audit is to create a diagnostic device to identify and close the gaps in an effort to secure better alignment with the mission. The authors use the mission of service excellence to illustrate the logic and process of developing such an audit, as this is one of the more challenging aspects of any organization a...


PURPOSE: A multi core processor control method, a multi core processor control device, a multi core processor, and a recording medium recording the control method of the same are provided to secure QoS of a program and effectively perform power management. CONSTITUTION: The number of cores necessary for parallel processing of the program is determined if a parallel program is executed(310). By using information obtained by determining the number of the cores, the number of the cores driven at a multi core processor is controlled(320).


Atmospheric deposition (AD) is a less understood and quantified source of nutrient loading to waterbodies. AD occurs via settling (large particulates), contact (smaller particulates and gaseous matter), and precipitation (rain, snow) transport pathways. Utah Lake is a shallow eutrophic freshwater lake located in central Utah, USA, with geophysical characteristics that make it particularly susceptible to AD-related nutrient loading. Studies have shown AD to be a significant contributor to the lake's nutrient budget. This study analyzes nutrient samples from nine locations around the lake and four precipitation gauges over a 6-year study period using three different methods to estimate AD from the precipitation transport pathway. The methods used are simple averaging, Thiessen polygons, and inverse distance weighting, which we use to spatially interpolate point sample data to estimate nutrient lake loads. We hold that the inverse distance weighting method produces the most accurate results. We quantify, present, and compare nutrient loads and nutrient loading rates for total phosphorus (TP), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), and ortho phosphate (OP) from precipitation events. We compute loading rates for the calendar year (Mg/yr) from each of the three analysis methods along with monthly loading rates where Mg is 106 g. Our estimated annual precipitation AD loads for TP, OP, and TIN are 120.96 Mg/yr (132.97 tons/yr), 60.87 Mg/yr (67.1 tons/yr), and 435 Mg/yr (479.5 tons/yr), respectively. We compare these results with published data on total AD nutrient loads and show that AD from precipitation is a significant nutrient source for Utah Lake, contributing between 25% and 40% of the total AD nutrient load to the lake.


As of 2016, the number of baby boomers in the U.S. reached 81.3 million. Despite the large amount of individuals in this generation, there is relatively scarce research—especially qualitative research—focused on the baby boomer consumer group. Based on the framework of product experience, this study explores consumers' product experiences that are associated with consumer-clothing attachment. This qualitative investigation will offer opportunities to marketers and designers who seek to better understand the experiences behind clothing attachment in older consumers.


Digital spatial data are underlying strong temporal changes. The typical approach of updating these changes is to check the data manually by superimposing them on up-to-date orthoimages from aerial or satellite camera systems. The update cycles of large data sets are in the range of several years because the manual inspection of the data is very cost and time consuming. However, spatial analyses for planning purposes are only meaningful if they are calculated with up-to-date data. Automatic data acquisition, update and quality control procedures are needed in order to provide up-to-date geo-databases. In this paper an approach is presented that increases the quality of the interpretation process on the one hand by using already existing data from Geographical Information Systems (GIS) as prior information and on the other hand by combining image data from different sources. The approach is based on the evaluation of automatically derived training data sets from existing GIS data. Therefore the approach is fully automatic and no human interaction is necessary. The result is not only a classification of the objects but also a distance vector that describes the quality of the classification. This distance vector can be used for an automatic evaluation of the automatic image interpretation as well as for automatic quality control of already existing GIS databases.


This paper proposes a method to deal with the issue of multi-target tracking by considering continuous energy minimization. Specifically, observation model, appearance model, dynamic model, mutual exclusion model, trajectory persistence model and trajectory regulation model are integrated into an objective function; then, the gradient descent method is utilized to solve the constructed objective function to obtain the approximate minimum energy at every moment, and obtain the number and status of multi-target; finally, the intelligent extrapolation method based on the continuous energy minimization is utilized to achieve the final smoother and more continuous tracking trajectories. Experimental results on PETS 2009/2010 and TUD-Stadtmitte video database demonstrate that effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed MAP-HOR scheme.


The second harmonic of the 794 nm output of a GaAlAs diode laser is generated in a LiIO3 crystal in an external ring enhancement cavity. The dependence of the second-harmonic power on the input power has been measured and compared with the theory. The second-harmonic power of 7.4 µ W at 397 nm has been obtained with an input fundamental power of 28 mW by using an 8-mm-long LiIO3 crystal.


Babies and young children are interested in the world around them. They are ready to be delighted in almost anything because everything is new. You need to share in this delight, giving time and attention, says Jennie Lindon


A unique human characteristic is our ability to mind wander—these are periods of time when our attention drifts away from the task-at-hand to focus on thoughts that are unrelated to the task. Mind wandering has some benefits, such as increased creativity, but it also has some negative consequences, such as mistakes in the task we are supposed to be performing. Interestingly, we spend up to half of our waking hours mind wandering. How does the brain help us accomplish that? Research suggests that when we mind wander, our responses to information from the external world around us are disrupted. In other words, our brain's resources are shifted away from processing information from the external environment and redirected to our internal world, which allows us to mentally wander off to another time and place. Even though we pay less attention to the external world during mind wandering, our ability to detect unexpected events in our surrounding environment is preserved. This suggests that we are quite clever about what we ignore or pay attention to in the external environment, even when we mind wander. RevIewed by:


Safety has become an issue of paramount importance for industrial radiography. Many NDE facilities and suppliers are finding the cost of performing radiography Prohibitive due to heightened safety concerns for radiation area protection. The most common sources used in radiography, Iridium-192 and Cobalt-60, result in high radiation fields over a large area. Even when collimators are used large radiation fields can result from multicurie source radiography. Radiographic operations are being forced to find alternative test methods and techniques to the use of the old stand-by sources. These alternate methods are not always as comprehensive a test as full volumetric examination with radiography. Since Iridium and Cobalt are in such wide spread use, they are sometimes called upon to perform test of materials which are not in their optimum sensitivity range.


Stock option programs constitute an important economic domain both for the issuing companies and for their employees. Little is known, however, about which individual variables actually drive exercise patterns and how employees value their stock options. We study the following set of research questions to provide a contribution to a better understanding of these topics: How do employees exercise and value stock options? What are the determinants of exercise decisions and subjective option values? Do employees exercise options from different grants in a consistent way? Are subjective option values consistent with individuals' exercise decisions? We are able to use a unique data set combining employee-level option exercises with subjective option values extracted by means of an internal survey. Furthermore, we can combine this data with a wide set of individual variables. We find that employees exercise their stock options well before expiration. The median individual sacrifices more than 90% of the option's lifetime by exercising early. Surprisingly, we also find that individuals substantially overvalue the options they received. We show that exercise dates and option values are unrelated with measures of risk aversion. Loss aversion, however, does a better job in explaining the heterogeneity in option values. We also document that optimism and overconfidence measures are significantly related to option values. We show that managers that are very optimistic about company stock place higher values on their options. This finding is consistent with the sentiment hypothesis presented in Oyer and Schaefer (2004) and Bergman and Jenter (2004). Some evidence for an intertemporal consistency of exercises decisions is also provided. However, we find only weak support for the hypothesis that higher option values are associated with later exercise decisions.


An urgent issue of the water management institutions in the Czech Republic is enhancement of the water retention in the environment. One of the solutions presented by Elbe river basin authority is restoration of the meander Jordan of the Orlice River.


Today, more than 7 years after the Fukushima accident, when emergency and short-term measures have been completed, long-term dynamics of radiocesium (r-Cs) in the environment is becoming more relevant. Detailed analysis of Chernobyl data covering an extended time period can provide a basis for long-term prediction of changes in environmental radioactive contamination in Fukushima. Long-term dynamics of radionuclides in surface runoff and rivers is initially governed by their fixation on mineral particles, while later changes of radionuclide activity concentration in the top soil layer become of more significance. Both processes are diffusion-based and can be described by inverse square root of time function. The advantage of the proposed "diffusion-based approach" is that middleand long-term phases after the accident can be described by the same equation with same parameters. Data sets for Chernobyl contaminated rivers Sakhan, Pripyat and Dneper, as well as available data on r-Cs dynamics in Fukushima contaminated water bodies have been used to test the model. The proposed semi-empirical approach to describe r-Cs dynamics in rivers and lakes provides a tool for long-term predictions of rivers and lakes contamination in the future.


Abstract Classical guitar necks were submitted to 40, 65 and 80% relative humidity (RH) during time periods ranging from 24 h to several months, and moisture-induced deformations were observed. Different types of classical guitar necks were investigated in terms of structure and reinforcement. The influences of the wood species and the neck reinforcements on the moisture content (MC)-induced deformation were in focus. First, before humidity exposure in the climatic chamber, the relative positions of three points marked on each sample were measured with a control ruler and noted. After exposure, the displacement of the reference points on the samples were verified periodically. The differences between the measurements in different stages and reference positions were calculated, resulting in relative displacement data of the measured points. During the experiments, the MC of the sample was monitored by weighing. The variation of RH leads to dimensional instability and moisture-induced stresses of the guitar necks, which affect the acoustic quality of a guitar. Steel enforcement of the guitar neck improves this situation.


Objective To study the influence of regular diversified propaganda and education on fertile women ' s awareness degree of sound child rearing knowledge.Methods 130 fertile women treated in the obstetrics outpatient of our station from August 2011 to February 2012 were randomly divided into the control group(conventional propaganda and education group,n=65) and the observation group(regular diversified propaganda and education group,n=65).The awareness degree of sound child rearing knowledge of the two groups of women before and after propaganda and education was compared.Results After propaganda and education,awareness degree of the observation group in the prepregnancy preparation,nutrition during pregnancy,knowledge of drug use during pregnancy,self-monitoring during pregnancy,unhealthy lifestyle during gestation,treatment of complications during gestation,common sense of genetic diseases,meaning of prenatal examination and project knowledge were better than those in the control group;the observation group was better than the control in the above-mentioned indicators(P0.05).Conclusion Regular diversified propaganda and education can improve the fertile women's awareness degree of sound child rearing knowledge and it is worthy of promotion.


Abstract: The valuation of real estate is a central tenet for all businesses. Land and property are factors of production and, as with any other asset, the value of the land flows from the use to which it is put, and that in turn is dependent upon the demand (and supply) for the product that is produced. Valuation, in its simplest form, is the determination of the amount for which the property will transact on a particular date. However, there is a wide range of purposes for which valuations are required. These range from valuations for purchase and sale, transfer, tax assessment, expropriation, inheritance or estate settlement, investment and financing. The objective of the paper is to provide a brief overview of the methods used in real estate valuation. Valuation methods can be grouped as traditional and advanced. The traditional methods are regression models, etc. MRA has been implemented by many researchers to study valuation of real property cite that MRA is possible for coefficient estimates and factor weightings using a large number of actual sale cases. Keywords: Real property, property valuation, multiple regression analysis, SWOT Analysis


Recently, research on endovascular interventional surgery (EIS) and robot assisted EIS attracts much attention. However, the main visual navigation method, DSA, cannot provide full time vessel shadow information. It leads to long surgical time and high surgical risk. A vessel shadow enhancing algorithm is proposed for a continuous DSA method during EIS aiming at provide full time visual navigation information. To overcome the lack of X-ray images without injecting contrast during continuous DSA method. A heart-and-breathe-rate based subtracting method is proposed to obtain the subtracted image. The eroding and dilating method are used to denoising the subtracted images. In addition, the threshold method along the raw and column is adopted to further weaken the noise in the images. Experiments are conducted with the X-ray images obtained during clinical angiography using continuous DSA method. The experimental results indicate that the final processed images reach the requirement of surgeon and robot system about full time visual navigation information. the processing speed in the experiments is 1.25fps.


Objective: To discover the Variation and Significance of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10 in Cases with the senile chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during actue attact. Methods: Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measure the levels of IL-8, TNF-α, IL-10 in serum, including 22 patients with COPD acute attack and 20 patients with COPD in remission stage. Results: During COPD acute attack stage the level of TNF-α, IL-8 in serum were significantly higher than that in remission stage (P0.05); the level of IL-10 in serum were significantly lower than that in remission stage (P0.05). Conclusions: TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10 were joining the reaction of the patient′s endotracheal inflammation and they may have some relation with the serious degree of sickness. TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10 can be also used as an auxiliary index to judge their prognosis.


The ability of free double stranded DNA to adopt a curved tertiary structure is a direct consequence of periodic adenine/thymine tracts placed in phase with the helical periodicity of the molecule (Koo et al., 1986). Due to a decrease in the overall dimensions of bended DNA fragments, they exhibit an unusual mobility during electrophoresis in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels (Marini et al., 1982; Levene and Zimm, 1989). The extent of the anomaly in gel migration can be expressed as the relative deviation of apparent from actual size (K-factor; Diekmann and McLaughlin, 1988), and was found to be a quadratic function of the curvature of the DNA molecule (Koo and Crothers, 1988). The determination of K-values varies with the porosity of the gel matrix in a way that the apparent size of the bended fragment approaches the actual size as the percentage of the polyacrylamide concentration decreases (Marini et al., 1982). This dependency can be used to identify rapidly a curved DNA fragment within a mixture of DNA molecules by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Figure 1 shows the separation ofDNA fragments released by HaellI restriction of plasmid pGl. The plasmid contains the bended upstream activator sequence (UAS) from the E. coli rrnB P1/P2 promoter region (Gourse et al., 1986). The DNA molecules were separated on a 3% -10% (w/v) polyacrylamide gradient gel (acrylamide:bisacrylamide = 19:1) in TBE (50 mM Tris-borate pH 8.3, 1 mM EDTA) at 40C, 12V/cm for 90 min. It should be noted that the polyacrylamide gradient is set perpendicular to the direction of fragment resolution. After electrophoresis the gel was stained with ethidium bromide (0.5 Ag/ml) in TBE. The anomalous electrophoretic behaviour of the 267 bp HaeIH-fragment containing the UAS sequence is clearly visible when compared to the neighbouring 312 bp fragment. At low polyacrylamide concentrations the 267 bp molecule migrates ahead of the 312 bp reference fragment. As the polyacrylamide concentration increases, the migration pattern shifts, such that the bended fragment runs to a position above the 312 bp molecule. Evidently polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis provides a fast and simple method to permit the identification of curved DNA molecules from amongst a heterogeneous population of DNA fragments. In addition, this technique has the advantage of providing information about DNA with curved tertiary structure for which there is no sequence information available.


We have employed photoluminescence measurements at 10-300°K to study the effects of deposition parame-ters, surfaces preparation and heat treatment on the properties of CdTe polycristalline thin films. The films were grown using a modified hot wall close spaced vapor transport system. We found strong differences in the photoluminescence spectra of samples grown under different conditions. Heat treatments in the as-grown samples increase the average particle size and reduce the native defect density.


The first differs from a common Couching-needle, [Tab. VII. <italic>Fig</italic>. 3.] in this, that it is made of Two Pieces of Steel soldered together, and fixed in a Handle [<italic>Fig</italic>. 4.]


Because of the importance Danube river has on the region and the population affected by it is essential to maintain constant monitoring. With new emerging pollutants every day and regular threats one of the crucial goals is to investigate the causes of possible contamination with the acquisition of new, until then unknown information. To be able to achieve quality investigation and to acquire new information special monitoring has been conducted, in which quantitative analysis of key physical-chemical parameters in water body was carried out with laboratory methods.


The shaft tubular pump device is widely used in low head pumping stations in plain areas. The N-S equation and the SST k-ω turbulence model are adopted. Then, the investigation on the influence of the shaft transition form on the inflow pattern and hydrodynamic characteristics of the pre-shaft tubular pump device is carried out. By designing three transition forms of shafts, different inflow patterns are provided for the tubular pump device. The characteristic parameters of the shafts and external and internal flow characteristics of the pumping device under different inflow patterns are compared and analyzed. Finally, the optimal transition form is selected for model tests, and unsteady pressure pulsation characteristics are studied. The results show that the flow pattern in the inlet passage of each case is relatively uniform and smooth, and the range of the high-efficiency zone of the pump device is roughly within 0.9Q d–1.2Q d. The energy loss and the weighted average angle on the outlet of each case are similar. The axial velocity distribution uniformity on the impeller inlet of case 1 is better than that of the other cases. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, and the numerical simulation method is reliable. Under the design condition, the pressure pulsation amplitude at the impeller inlet is the largest. It gradually increases from the hub to the shroud. The main frequency of pressure pulsation is the blade frequency. The pressure pulsation amplitude at the impeller outlet decreases from the hub to the shroud. The main frequency is not constant due to the rotor–stator interaction between the impeller and the guide vane. The outcome will be beneficial to the design and optimization of the shaft tubular pump device, which is helpful for broadening the corresponding theory and applying it to the actual project.


Summary Although it is not always valid to regard 'within herd variation' as a true measure of experimental error there are occasions when this may be the only feasible measurement. The effect is considered of regarding the animal as the experimental unit on the estimation of the ratio of production of two treatments and an approximate variance for the ratio is obtained. The conditions under which the approximation is valid are considered.


Introduction/Objective:The kidneys have a pivotal role in the excretion of various endogenous as exogenous substances, such as medicinal products. This excretory function can be significantly altered in case of illness. To assess this renal function both glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) determinations are valuable techniques. To measure the GFR, iohexol and exogenous creatinine clearance can be used whereas para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) clearance reflects the ERPF. To date, no methods have been reported for the simultaneous determination of creatinine, iohexol and PAH. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive and specific ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of iohexol, creatinine and PAH in porcine and avian plasma.
Materials and methods: Sample preparation of porcine plasma consisted of a deproteinization step of 100 µL plasma using methanol, followed by evaporation of the supernatant and reconstitution with water. For avian plasma, an Ostro Protein Precipitation & Phospholipid Removal Plate was used. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypersil Gold aQ column using 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in methanol as mobile phases. The MS/MS instrument was operated in the positive electrospray ionization mode. Following selected reaction monitoring transitions (m/z) were used for identification and quantification of the markers and their respective internal standards, for creatinine: 113.83 → 44.10 and 113.83 → 85.97, for creatinine-d3: 117.16 → 47.41 and 117.16 → 89.39; for PAH: 195.08 → 119.91 and 195.08 → 91.93, for para-aminobenzoic acid: 137.8 → 65.1 and 137.8 → 77.2; for iohexol: 821.98 → 804.02 and 821.02 → 731.17 and for iohexol-d5 : 826.97→ 809.01 and 826.97 → 736.06. The method was in-house validated, according to EU guidelines (2002/657/EC).
Results and conclusion: For avian as well as porcine plasma, matrix-matched calibration curves were prepared and good linearity (r ≥ 0.99) was achieved over the concentration range tested (0.25-90 µg/mL). Limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.25 µg/mL for all compounds. The results for the within-day and between-day precision and accuracy fell within the ranges specified in the guidelines.

This study was funded by the special research fund of Ghent University (BOF16/DOC/285).


This paper seeks to explore how cryptocurrencies improve on past issues with private currencies and assess where they fit within the broader economic and regulatory context. This paper finds that blockchain technology provides a solid foundation for cryptocurrencies to improve on many of the past issues associated with private currencies, but concludes that, given the infancy of the industry and the lack of an established regulatory framework, we cannot confirm that they are truly infallible, nor that they provide a clear answer to the debate over whether private currencies actually improve the financial system as laid out by Hayek, Ingham, and Selgin. We conclude that cryptoassets are creating a more inclusive and efficient economic system overall by spurring improvements to outdated processes, expanding access to banking and finance, improving transparency within private and government institutions, and forcing regulatory bodies to update and formulate legislation suited to the digital age.


Juvenile lobsters, held both individually and in pairs, molt primarily during daylight. Eightyfour and 81.4% of the animals molting into the fifth and sixth stages, respectively, did so between 0600 and 1800. The presence of shelter did not significantly affect this pattern, nor did five different holding conditions.


This study aimed to examine the relationship between the drop-off index and swimming performances and to determine its utility in evaluating whole body endurance. The subjects were 106 male university competitive swimmers (age: 19.9±1.1 years, height: 171.8±5.6 cm, weight: 66.2±5.7 kg). Performances in the 200 m drop-off test and 50 m, 100 m, 200 m and 400 m free style swimming tests were analyzed. The drop-off index showed significant correlations (r = 0.48, 0.51, 0.61) with performances in the 100 m, 200 m, and 400 m free style, but not in the 50 m performance. The drop-off test was associated with middle distance swimming performances in the 100 m, 200 m, and 400 m free style. In consideration of its limitations in use, the drop-off test may be effective in estimating swimming performances.


A pantograph was first developed by McCollum in 1929 as a bridge between the living body and a fuulyadjustable articulator, and was later modified by Stuart, Guichet, et al. to what are available today. The registration and analysis of mandibular movement is indispensable for occlusal diagnosis. A pantograph is one the inexpensive and simple diagnostic instrument that can be readily used by general practitioners. It is now possible to qualitatively analyze pantographic tracings in a more specific and exact way based on our detailed knowledge of mandibular movement, temporomandibular joint structure and function, related muscles and nerves, etc. A pantograph also allows us to take and keep good records, making it possible to observe changes with time in a reliable way. Many reports have been published on clinical applications of pantographs for occlusal diagnosis. It is hoped that further research will be conducted on general characteristics of pantographic tracings to facilitate the qualitative analysis, so that pantograph will be utilized by an increasing number of clinicians.


The writer made a brief summary on the establishment and usage of documents about the design and development of the AMPS in this article. The APMS is a software tool for the management of army inpatitents, which was designed and developed by the information department of the 163rd hospital of PLA. The importance and contents of documents in the system's developing and applying process were clearly expatiated.


Thank you very much for reading strengthening refugee families designing programs for refugee and other families in need. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this strengthening refugee families designing programs for refugee and other families in need, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their laptop.


A 1:12 scale Froude model of a hydraulic control structure in the Rochester Combined Sewer Overflow Abatement Program (RCSOAP) was constructed and tested to optimize the design requirements for three operational modes. The prototype is required to convey pressure and open channel flows. The structure must also provide a means of energy dissipation when transitioning from pressure flow to open channel flow operation. Testing with clear water and with model sediments scaled from sample data indicated the need for geometric revisions and provided insights into proper prototype operation.


This paper propounds the following theses: 1). that the traditional focus on the Blackstone ratio of errors as a device for setting the criminal standard of proof is ill-conceived, 2). that the preoccupation with the rate of false convictions in criminal trials is myopic, and 3). that the key ratio of interest, in judging the political morality of a system of criminal justice, involves the relation between the risk that an innocent person runs of being falsely convicted of a serious crime and the risk of being criminally victimized by someone who was falsely acquitted.


Methods for allocating redundant controls for systems with four or more objectives are studied. The Bisecting Edge Search Algorithm has been presented as a computationally e‐cient method for allocating controls in the three objective problem. A recursive method for extending this algorithm to handle any number of objectives was developed. The recursive algorithm is designed to be similar to the three objective allocator and to require computational efiort which scales linearly with the controls. Numerical results illustrate how the average and worst case performance scales with the problem size. The recursive allocator is found to scale linearly with the number of controls. As the number of objectives increases, the computational time grows much faster. The estimation of solutions if the allocator is forced to exit early is discussed.


In the United States, breast cancer is the most common cause of mortality among women (1). Breast cancer metastasis, or the spread of cancer from the breast to other organs such as the bones, liver, brain, and lungs, is the leading cause of death in women (2). We combined two separate microarray datasets, one containing transcriptome data from primary breast tumors (3) and the other containing transcriptome data from metastases in women with breast cancer (4), both of which included survival data for the patient from whom each tumor or metastasis sample was obtained. We discovered that the gene encoding the Interleukin 6 signal transducer, IL6ST, gp130 (5), was among the genes whose expression was most variable between patients who lived longer or less than 18 months by comparing tumor transcriptome data depending on survival outcomes. IL6ST was expressed at considerably higher levels in both original breast cancers and metastases in women who survived more than 18 months. These findings support the use of IL6ST as a biomarker or prognostic indicator (6-8) to help determine which women will benefit from more or less intensive treatment regimens based on metastasis prediction; additionally, IL6ST may be fundamentally linked to tumor progression and tumor aggressiveness, implying that IL6ST could be used as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.


Intensive informatization of society leads to the widespread introduction of information technology in the field of socio-economic systems. Modern information systems, as a rule, use expert knowledge accumulated in various fields of human activity, which leads to uncertainties of different kinds. Fuzzy logic allows the extensive use of expert knowledge. Building decision-making models for problems with poorly formalized information is possible through the use of fuzzy set theory and building fuzzy logic systems. The paper describes and substantiates the use of the fuzzy second order sets, as the introduction of fuzzyness into the membership function allows us to bring the fuzzy model closer to human thinking and perception.


This paper presents a new method for measuring grounding resistances, which is based on the measured net charge drained by the grounding system when excited by an impulse generator. The circuit property used by the method is briefly described, alongside with the method itself. An advantage of this method with respect to the traditional ones is that it is not affected by the self and mutual reactances present in the grounding system and in the measuring wires. Moreover, the proposed method does not require the measurement of surface potentials, which are prone to interference due to soil non-homogeneities, buried conductive bodies, and stray currents. This paper presents experimental results from the method using lumped components and using actual grounding systems. The results show that the method provides consistent and accurate values of grounding resistances.


Herein, an enhancement in the resistive switching of Y0.95Sr0.05MnO3 (YSMO) films by swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation‐induced electronic excitations is shown. YSMO films are prepared by pulsed laser deposition on a single‐crystalline Si substrate. For electronic excitations, Ag15+ ions with 200 MeV energy are used with ion fluences of 1 × 1011 (YS1), 1 × 1012 (YS2), and 1 × 1013 (YS3) ions per cm2. X‐ray diffraction shows increase in tensile strain up to YS2 film followed by strain relaxation in YS3 film. Red shifting of Raman active modes signifies the phonon softening due to tensile strain in pristine (YSP) to YS2 films. Atomic force micrographs show that the number and size of defects are increased, indicating the irradiation‐induced defect formation, which is suppressed for the YS3 film. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry demonstrates decreased oxygen peak intensities for YS1 and YS2 films, denoting increased oxygen vacancies. Near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure displays a reduction in Mn valence state from Mn4+ to Mn3+, signifying the formation of oxygen vacancies for films up to YS2. The enhancement of resistive switching is governed by tuning the SHI‐induced oxygen vacancies. The present study demonstrates that YSMO films are suitable as emerging candidates in memory device applications.


Summary form only given. A wavelength modulator with a hetero-nipi core has been made. The device, grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate, had a waveguide core containing two complete n-i-p-i periods. Each intrinsic layer contained 75-AA GaAs quantum wells with 45-AA AlAs barriers. A 400- mu m device was then tested as a phase modulator. A phase shift of 180 degrees C was obtained at 860 nm with negligible absorption losses at 1.5 V applied, and at 845 nm with 3 dB of electroabsorption loss and only 0.8 V applied. The figure of merit, defined as phase shift per mm length and volt, was as high as 560 degrees /Vmm. The combination of short length and low voltage results from the use of the hetero-nipi structure, which allows a large field to be applied across the quantum wells with a small voltage. >


The main goal of this paper is to analyze the criticism to modernity that is in Foucault's genealogy. First we discuss Focault's analysis of Kant's article on Aufklarung and Baudelaire's concept of dandy. So, we focus gave emphasis the "truth analytic" and its ontextualization made by Foucault of the social role of an intellectual in the light of the great changes in knowledge and in the practices of power in the last decades. To conclude, we suggest that, by studying the Aufklarung investigating the excess of modern racionality, Foucault tries to reassess the possibilities of freedom practices, sustaining the criticism exercise as philosophical ethos. This is needed to redefine the governability and ethical and political commitments made by the agents in different social places.


The narrative scenes carved in low relief on the massive stone slabs that decorated the palaces of first-millennium b.c.e. Assyrian kings in northern Mesopotamia participated in the construction of an Assyrian cultural ideology that was based in part on a negative view of cultural difference. This essay suggests that images of non-Assyrian people—created for an audience that was largely Assyrian, male, and elite—use a visual language that identified intercultural difference with intracultural transgression. Non-Assyrians were depicted with postures and gestures that carried negative connotations; moreover, these representations positively reinforced Assyrian identity and power structures.


The technology state is determined not by a single data, but by multiple data sources that has a certain degree of uncertainty and ambiguity, and even be contradictory which is difficult to support decision-making effectively. In this paper, an efficient intelligent decision-making method based on multi-source heterogeneous data fusion is proposed. Firstly, under the rough set theory, the attribute reduction method based on the improved particle swarm optimization is proposed to efficiently obtain decision-related attributes. Secondly, using the improved Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory to fuse and calculate the reduced information sources to obtain the final decision results. Finally, the production process of satellite separation station was taken as the application object to verify the feasibility of proposed technology. The by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an access article under the CC BY-NC 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).


The structure of a neo-clerodane diterpene, ajugarin-V isolated from Ajuga remota (Labiatae) has been established by means of spectroscopic and chemical data.


Generation of free radical plays an important role in development of secondary spinal cord injury (SCI). Edaravone is a free radical scavenger, and has been used for protection against ischemia in patients with cerebral infarction. We investigated the effect of edaravone on severe experimental SCI. Treatment with edaravone (3mg/kg of body weight administered intravenously and subcutaneously (s.c.) immediately after injury, plus 3mg/kg s.c. on day 1 and day 2) was compared with saline treatment in rats subjected to severe 50 g · cm weight drop thoracic SCI. Neurological recovery was evaluated periodically over 3 weeks by BBB locomotor rating scale and inclined plane method (IPM). To investigate protective effect of edaravone on axons, we evaluated the preservation of rubrospinal tract by counting red nucleus (RN) cells labeled retrogradely from lumbar spinal cord with fluorescent tracer. Edaravone significantly improved recovery in early phase in both BBB scale and IPM. The number of labeled RN neurons of edaravone-treated group had a tendency to be larger than of control group. These results indicate that edaravone has therapeutic potential for protecting the injured spinal cord.


vice versa." It is also the first approach indirectly using the "application of Hjelmslev's theory, relation based on overt and covert ligatures being basic, and classes of word bases being determined only by class construction markers." And by implication, it is the first courageous attempt to present a structural analysis of a language in order "to assist other linguists to learn the language," in particular other "members of the Summer Institute of Linguistics who have taken up residence among the Agtas," The monograph is an analysis of the language of about six hundred Negritos living in the central region of the Cagayan Province and calling themselves Agtas. The data, collected by the monolingual approach, include: Phonology, Symbols and Abbreviations, Morphology, The Equation, Attribution, The Oblique, Apposition, Adverbs, Co-Ordination, A Clause as a Terminal, and Non-Equational Sentences. The Agta language analyzed is not the "original" language which the Negritos are thought to have spoken when they were the principal inhabitants of the islands, but a creolized jargon with grammatical patterns adopted from the Ilocano-Ibanag group of languages and superimposed with a thick layer of Agta lexical substratum. The book has a few shortcomings. Phonology and morphophonemics are not sufficiently described. There is no statement on the common occurrence of the contrast between a single consonant and two homophonous consonants between vowels, which is a characteristic of the languages of northern Luzon. Nor is phonemic vowel length illustrated. Further investigation could be carried out on certain aspects which are given only passing mention in the monography: ( i ) A list of word bases occurring in the various types of focused and non-focused constructions could be compiled. (2) Word order could be expanded to a transformational grammar. (3) A study of Agta prosodic morphemes would be welcome. (4) A contrastive analysis of Ilocano-Ibanag syntax on the one hand and of Agta on the other, to show the extent of adoption of the former in the latter, and a lexical comparison to determine the quantity of Agta substratum retained in the creolized jargon should be made. JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES


Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide and is widely used as genetic research material for studying various traits. Identification of genetic loci controlling quantitative trait is an important subject in genetics and breeding programs. In the present study, 102 maize inbred lines was evaluated for agro-morphological traits (plant height, plant height until first ear, leaf length, leaf width, leaf surface, leaf area indexear number, chlorophyll content, grain weight per plant, cob's dry weight, cob's diameter in first part, cob's diameter in middle part, cob's length, plant dry weight, days to tassel emergence, days to first ear emergence, days to second ear emergence) in completely randomized design with six replications. In the molecular experiment, 8 retrotransposon-based molecular markers primers was used for preparing the molecular profile of lines. Eight IRAP and REMAP primer combinations amplified 40 gene loci. Thirty-eight out of 40 loci (95%) showed polymorphism. The PIC values in the studied lines ranged from 0.084 for Ac/Ds to 0.383 for Pangrangja marker. The Nei's genetic distance between lines prepared from Mashhad and Kermanshah was 0.053, between lines from Karaj and Mashhad was 0.036 and between lines from Kermanshah and Karaj was 0.032. In the analysis of population structure based on molecular markers, 102 studied lines were grouped into two subpopulations (K = 2). In the association analysis of agromorphological traits based on two GLM and MLM methods, 24 and 12 marker-trait relationships were identified, respectively. In this study, two commons markers; Heartbraker (480) in cob's diameter in first part and cob's length and UBC878 × Ruda in ear number and grain weight per plant were identified with both general linear and mixed linear models. This information can be used in selecting individuals during tobacco breeding programs and developing varieties with high yield and performance.


An Observational and Experimental Investigation of Population and Stage-specific Responses to Salinity in the Pacific Chorus Frog (Pseudacris regilla) Advisor: Dr. Tiffany Garcia; Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife Awarded $1000 February 6 , 2013 USE OF FUNDS: The URISC funds were used primarily to cover travel costs to survey sites and collection sites along the Oregon Coast. Additionally, laboratory su pplies were purchased with URISC funds while remaining funds were allocated to student wag es (Tables 1 and 2).


To most people, 80049, 80051, 80054, and 80058 are just big, boring numbers. But beginning Aprill, these figures became a major concern to every practicing physician in the United States. They are Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes that represent to physicians, laboratory staff, and healthcare billing departments the latest in governmental regulation and a monumental intrusion into medical practice.


Quantitative approaches to analyse and interpret landscape spatial patterns have developed rapidly during the last decade. The landscape ecological paradigm, based on a foundation of island bio-geography and meta-population dynamic theories, has emerged as a conceptual basis for incorporating such approaches to sustainable landscape planning and development. In this paper we describe two approaches to landscape pattern analysis that originate in landscape ecology: landscape pattern indices (i.e. landscape metrics) and cost-surface modelling. Landscape pattern indices quantify the composition and configuration of ecosystems across a landscape (e.g., patch size, shape, nearest-neighbor distance; proximity index; etc.) thus allowing quantitative comparison between different landscapes or within the same landscape at different times. Cost-surface modelling evaluates potential pathways between landscape elements (e.g., habitat patches) thus allowing quantitative estimation of landscape connectivity and/or fragmentation. The two approaches are described in terms of data requirements, GIS-based algorithms, and results interpretation. The approaches are then compared for applicability to landscape planning and we discuss the validity of approaches for different planning objectives. The two approaches are illustrated with examples on rural landscapes from Canada and Italy and the resulting quantities compared for implications to landscape planning. We conclude with practical advice for professionals seeking to incorporate quantitative approaches to sustainable landscape planning and development.


The enterotoxigenic,Escherichia coli(ETEC),especially whose fimbriae is F18 positive,is the most important pathogenic bacteria of post-weaning Escherichia coli diarrhea.There was so much research progress in the morphology,feature,culture,extraction,related serum type and virulent factor,subunit and gene regulation of F18 fimberia and in this paper a review of these researches was made.


The purpose of this study is to develop a Future Goal Scale (FGS) suitable for junior high school students in Taiwan. The FGS consists of 38 scale items divided into 7 subscales for measuring two theoretical dimensions: future intrinsic goal and future extrinsic future goal. With 12-minutes administration time, the participation of 1,122 junior high school students completed the examinations of explorative factor analysis (EFA), internal consistency and re-test reliability, confirmatory factory analysis (CFA), and criterion-related validity. The specific analysis results revealed that (a) the current FGS has high internal consistency reliability and 6-week-interval re-test reliability; (b) the suggested 7 subscales of the FGS by both EFA and CFA to the scale items postulate the discriminability of the FGS for future intrinsic goal and future extrinsic goals by which a constructed 'two-level confirmatory factor analysis model of future goal' is tentatively sustained; (c) further, the criterion-related validity of the FGS to two criterion tests: the Self-Determination Motivation Scale and Self-Regulation Learning Strategies Scale was found considerably satisfactory. Theoretical and extendable study implications based on the present research are discussed.


Chinese Discourse Teaching is an interactive teaching activity based on the idea of "text as a media".It is aimed at promoting the process of individulizing students as well as coconstructing or combining their language with spirit.Chinese classroom teaching should rely on various readers' understanding so that teachers can find a practical way to stimulate students to be active.Meanwhile,communication among students is to be encouraged in the way of classroom discourse teaching.


Submitted for the MAR05 Meeting of The American Physical Society Control of electroosmotic flow in a nanofluidic channel using grafted polymer chain GARY W. SLATER, FREDERIC TESSIER, University of Ottawa — Electroosmotic flow (EOF) refers to fluid flow past a surface induced by an external electric field. It initially arises near a solid-fluid boundary due to the net charge density in the Debye layer, but the bulk of the fluid is dragged into a uniform flow by viscosity. The phenomenon is ubiquitous in DNA capillary electrophoresis, and is bound to play a critical role in emerging nanopore technologies. However, ways in which it may be controlled or quenched rest mostly on empirical evidence. The most common approach consists in coating the inner capillary surface with adsorbed or grafted polymer chains, but the definite mechanism by which this modulates the EOF remains elusive. We report on large-scale Molecular Dynamics computer simulations of EOF in a nanoscale cylindrical capillary, and discuss the impact of grafted polymers chains on the properties of EOF. We present data for the velocity of the generated flow field as a function of the polymer brush density and the size of individual grafted polymers, and compare our results with theoretical scaling laws derived in the thin Debye layer limit. Frederic Tessier University of Ottawa Date submitted: 06 Dec 2004 Electronic form version 1.4


The registers are the arrangement of meaning which is characteristic by changes in relation to the condition of use. Thus the researcher is also interest to analyze what are actually the meanings of political register based on the context or situation. There are two types of meaning found in the sentences written in the editorial of  The Jakarta Post Newspaper. Those two types of meaning are conceptual meaning and reflective meaning. There were no connotative, stylistic, affective, collocative and thematic types of meaning found in this research.


The WD-repeat protein receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK1) was identified by its interaction with the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4) isoform PDE4D5 in a yeast two-hybrid screen. The interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation of native RACK1 and PDE4D5 from COS7, HEK293, 3T3-F442A, and SK-N-SH cell lines. The interaction was unaffected by stimulation of the cells with the phorbol ester phorbol 2-myristate 3-acetate. PDE4D5 did not interact with two other WD-repeat proteins, β'-coatomer protein and Gsβ, in two-hybrid tests. RACK1 did not interact with other PDE4D isoforms or with known PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE4C isoforms. PDE4D5 and RACK1 interacted with high affinity (K a approximately 7 pm) when they were expressed and purified from Escherichia coli, demonstrating that the interaction does not require intermediate proteins. The binding of the E. coli-expressed proteins did not alter the kinetics of cAMP hydrolysis by PDE4D5 but caused a 3–4-fold change in its sensitivity to inhibition by the PDE4 selective inhibitor rolipram. The subcellular distributions of RACK1 and PDE4D5 were extremely similar, with the major amount of both proteins (70%) in the high speed supernatant (S2) fraction. Analysis of constructs with specific deletions or single amino acid mutations in PDE4D5 demonstrated that a small cluster of amino acids in the unique amino-terminal region of PDE4D5 was necessary for its interaction with RACK1. We suggest that RACK1 may act as a scaffold protein to recruit PDE4D5 and other proteins into a signaling complex.


On the basis of a survey of the yeasts in China,proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of mannose-containing polysaccharides from cell wall of various yeasts have been studied.Some of them have been studied.Some of them have not been previously ex- amined. It has been found that PMR spectra (fingerprint) are just the same in different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from different substrates.It means that this technique can be repeated very well under same conditions. In bipolar budding yeast,it has been found that the perfect form,Hanseniaspora uvarum, and imperfect form,Kloeckera apiculata,are quite similar in PMR spectra of their mannans. As for two Saccharomycodes sp.isolated in Xishuangbanna,China,their morphological and physiological characters are alike,but different from Saccharomycodes ludwigii.Nevertheless they are almost identical with the PMR spectra of their mannans.The relationship among these four strains should be investigated. Since PMR spectrum is based on chemical structure of macromolecular constitutes,the pro- per use of the PMR spectra of mannose-containing polysacchrides is helpful for comfirming or rejecting perfect and imperfect forms and is helpful for forming groups of some related species and also useful for studying phylogenitic relationship.


The paper studies the global convergence of the Jacobi method for symmetric matrices of order $4$. The global convergence has been proved for all $720$ cyclic pivot strategies. It has been shown that inequality $S(A^{[t+3]})\leq\gamma S(A^{[t]})$, $t\geq1$, holds with the constant $\gamma<1$ that does not depend neither on the matrix $A$ nor on the pivot strategy. Here $A^{[t]}$ stands for the matrix obtained from $A$ after $t$ full cycles of the Jacobi method and $S(A)$ is the off-norm of $A$. It is shown why three consecutive cycles have to be considered. The result has a direct application on the $J$-Jacobi method.


Abstract : Two successful solution phase synthesis methods were developed for the preparation of Nanocrystalline MoSi particles. The first method consisted of coreducing molybdenum and silicon halides by NaK alloy in an ultrasonically agitated hydrocarbon solvent followed by thermal processing at <lOOO deg C under vacuum to eliminate byproduct salts. The second method was the reaction of MoCl3 and Si in the solid state. These reactants underwent an ignition at approximately 500 deg C that resulted in the evolution of SiCl4 and the formation of MoSi crystallites. Nanoparticles were compacted using a range of proess variables. A micromechanism based model was developed for nanoparticle densification during uniaxial and hydrostatic pressing. The model takes into account the effects on densification of agglomeration, bulk and surface impurities, fewer dislocations per particle, low-stability of dislocations due to fine size, and other factors unique to nanoparticle systems. A good agreement of model predictions with experimental data was observed for a wide range of material and processing variables. Significant strength increases were observed for nanocrystalline MoSi2. However, the expected improvements in fracture toughness and ductility were not observed presumably because of high levels of carbon and oxygen in the particles and residual porosity in the compacts.


An approach to analyzing items is described that emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of many achieve ment and professional certification tests. The approach focuses on the categories of a table of specifications, which often serves as a blueprint for constructing such tests. The approach is characterized by profile compar isons of observed and expected correlations of item scores with category scores. A multivariate generaliza bility theory model provides the foundation for the ap proach, and the concept of a profile of expected corre lations is derived from the model. Data from a professional certification testing program are used for illustration and an attempt is made to provide links with test development issues and generalizability the ory.


In a study of the characteristics of subtropical fruits grown in Calabria was investigated the fatty acids and the sterols composition of seed oil of five Anona clones. The following acids were determined: myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, heptadecanoic, heptadecenoic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, arachidic, linolenic, eicosenoic, behenic, lignoceric. Among the fatty acids oleic and linoleic are the main components and their amount reaches almost 80% of the total. The sterolic fraction was analyzed by «on-line» LC-GC. Brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, chlerosterol, β-sitosterol, Δ 5 -avenasterol, Δ 7 -stigmastenol were found. β-sitosterol is the main component (about 60%); important is also the stigmasterol content (about 20%)


A neighborhood-level model of crime that connects the central dimensions of social capital with specific forms of social control is developed. The proposed model is tested using a structural equation model that predicts changes in empirical Bayes log odds of neighborhood victimization rates between 2000 and 2001 in 41 neighborhoods in South Carolina. Results support the integrated model and illustrate the importance of including direct measures of social control in neighborhood models of crime. Although the dimensions of social capital are related to private, parochial, and public controls, the relationships among these concepts are not consistent. Instead, the relationships vary in strength and direction.


Our work is motivated by the search for metabolite quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a cohort of more than 5000 people. There are 158 metabolites measured by NMR spectroscopy in the 31‐year follow‐up of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC66). These metabolites, as with many multivariate phenotypes produced by high‐throughput biomarker technology, exhibit strong correlation structures. Existing approaches for combining such data with genetic variants for multivariate QTL analysis generally ignore phenotypic correlations or make restrictive assumptions about the associations between phenotypes and genetic loci. We present a computationally efficient Bayesian seemingly unrelated regressions model for high‐dimensional data, with cell‐sparse variable selection and sparse graphical structure for covariance selection. Cell sparsity allows different phenotype responses to be associated with different genetic predictors and the graphical structure is used to represent the conditional dependencies between phenotype variables. To achieve feasible computation of the large model space, we exploit a factorisation of the covariance matrix. Applying the model to the NFBC66 data with 9000 directly genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms, we are able to simultaneously estimate genotype–phenotype associations and the residual dependence structure among the metabolites. The R package BayesSUR with full documentation is available at https://cran.r‐project.org/web/packages/BayesSUR/


LIST OF TABLES ix PREFACE xi LIST OFA BBREVIATIONS xix CHAPTER ONE: Economic Justice in an Unfair World 1 CHAPTER TWO: Fairness in Trade 45 CHAPTER THREE: Allocating Aid 86 CHAPTER FOUR: Justice in Migration and Labor 114 CHAPTER FIVE: Harnessing Investment 147 CHAPTER SIX: Toward a Level Playing Field: A Policy Agenda 175 NOTES 197 BIBLIOGRAPHY 219 INDEX 235


A global pandemic of tuberculosis (TB) has afflicted mankind for many centuries. TB is a debilitating and chronic disease caused when Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is spread by coughing, sneezing or even talking. It is mistakenly considered by most to be a disease of the past, yet currently it kills approximately 2 million people every year. It infects one-third of the world's population and at any given time up to 13 million people globally will be suffering from an active TB infection.


Punctal plugs play an important role in the management of dry eye disease, but punctal occlusion is a dramatically underused intervention.


The high computational cost of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) makes Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) methods the current standard for turbulent combustion modeling. Empirical models for turbulence, turbulence-combustion interaction and chemical kinetics are, however, a major source of uncertainty in RANS based combustion simulation. While Probability Density Function (PDF) based models overcome some of these issues, most commercial codes do not take full advantage of these models. In this study, lean premixed combustion of methane in a bluff-body combustor is simulated using two different reduced chemical mechanisms (ARM9 and ARM19) combined with the composition PDF transport combustion model in the commercial code FLUENT. Two different turbulence models, namely the RNG k-e model and the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) are used and the results of the simulations are compared to experimental data. For all the models tested, the prediction of temperature and major species (CH4, O2, CO2, CO, H2, and H2O) was good when compared to experiments. While all of the model predictions for the intermediate species OH showed an order magnitude difference (compared to the experiments) close to the bluff body surface; downstream axial locations showed good quantitative and qualitative agreement with the experiments. In a trend similar to the previousmore » study (Nanduri et al., 2007) using the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model, predicted values for NO emission radial profiles showed an average difference of ±5 ppm when compared to experimental values. The results were also compared to the results of a velocity-composition joint PDF model developed by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh. In terms of emissions (NO and CO) predictions the relatively expensive composition PDF model in FLUENT did not give significant improvement when compared to the computationally cheaper EDC models. However, the velocity-composition joint PFD model used by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh did show significant improvement over EDC models in the prediction of NO. Both of the PDF models resulted in better qualitative and quantitative agreement in H2 prediction, thus showing the promise of PDF based models in simulating lean premixed combustion of fuel blends like hydrogen enriched natural gas.« less


Palmprint recognition is one of the most reliable and new technique of biometrics.This paper presents a new approach based on 2D PCA algorithm,which extracts the statistical feature of palmprint images.Experimental results illustrate its performance and generalization ability over PCA.Furthermore,we propose improved 2D PCA method,and prove that the algorithm can hold the global scatter of the training images while decorrelates rows as well as columns of them.In this way,we obtain high accuracy(99.72%) while reducing the feature dimension efficiently,the responding time of recognition is only 0.03s,which enhances the practicability of the system.


Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma is caused by a virus that can be transmitted between sheep in respiratory secretions or milk. Infections result in fatal pulmonary neoplasia in some animals, while others remain subclinically infected for life. The economic impact can be significant: 30-80% of the flock may be lost on first exposure to the virus, with continuing annual losses that can be as high as 20% in some flocks, although 1-5% is more usual. Excluding this disease from a flock is difficult, in part because no diagnostic test can reliably detect animals in the preclinical stage. No effective treatment or vaccine is available, and eradication is challenging. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma occurs in most sheep-raising areas of the world, with the exception of a few countries such as New Zealand and Australia. Iceland is the only country known to have successfully eradicated this disease.


The research background is to present certain important observations about land change as one of the basis for decision making for water resources management in the sub-urban environment, taking into account field data and classification of satellite imagery to understand natural spatial change patterns. The Lesti sub-watershed, an area upstream of the Brantas River related to multi-functional activities, continues to develop in terms of infrastructure management, especially the river water discharge that enters the Sengguruh Reservoir which causes increased pressure on water and human needs for housing. The method is utilizing Landsat satellite imagery for the last 20 years is used to obtain an analysis of land use/land cover (called: LULC) changes to see the rate of change over the last 20 years. The land use classes used are agricultural land, surface vegetation, built-up areas, open land, and water bodies. Landsat satellite imagery data are classified and used to obtain LULC analysis in the area, to estimate and understand the rate of change over the last 20 years. The results showed that for 20 years, vegetation and open land experienced a considerable decline, while the value of built-up land increased from 0.79% to 13.26%.