Over the years teachers have suggested, and psychologists (with an embarrassing lack of modesty) have agreed, that education can be markedly improved by communication of the findings from psychological laboratories to those who are engaged in instruction. The fact that until recently almost no changes in education have resulted from such dissemination could be attributed to the psychologist's feeble powers of persuasion or to the perverse rigidity of the teacher. A more likely explanation is that the gap between laboratory and classroom cannot be bridged by talk. Instead, a technology of behavioral modification is needed, analogous in many ways to engineering and medicine. The birthdate of such a technology, spanning the distance between the art of teaching and the science of learning, might be 1954, the year in which B. F. Skinner's pronunciamento was published. Slowly developing since that time has been a set of principles more specific than, but of course not incompatible with, general principles of learning. These engineering principles, if the guidelines for practitioners can be so characterized, are emerging from the applications themselves. To distinguish them from more general and theoretical principles of learning, they might be called principles of teaching. However, teaching is usually equated with the activities that teachers traditionally engage in. Those activities represent only a few of the many possible conditions for learning, often the most ineffective ones. The job of those interested in student learning is not to engage in "teaching behaviors" but to develop and manage those sets of conditions which optimize student learning.


Breakup characteristics of liquid sheets formed by the impingement of two water jets were investigated as increasing the injection velocity up to 30m/s and the ambient gas pressure up to 4.0MPa. We compared the breakup characteristics between laminar and turbulent sheets, which are formed by round and sharp edged orifices, respectively. The results showed that the aerodynamic force significantly affects the breakup of laminar sheet when the gas based Weber number is higher than unity. It was also found that the turbulent sheets have three breakup regimes, i.e. expansion regime, wave breakup regime and catastrophic breakup regime according to the gas based Weber number. Using the experimental results, we could suggest empirical models on breakup lengths for laminar and turbulent sheets.


TiO 2 thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering using a mixture of Ar and O 2 gases. It was found that the crystalline structure strong depends on the radial position of the substrate. Anatase TiO 2 thin film were successfully obtained on a unheated Si(100) substrate located at a radial position of 4.0 cm. While mixed phase of Anatase/Rutile and amorphous TiO 2 films were deposited at radial positions of 0.0-2.0 cm and 60.0-80.0 cm, respectively. In addition, it was found that, the thickness, roughness and grains size of deposited films decreased with increasing radial position of the substrate. The films thickness decreased from 154.2 nm to 85.7 nm, roughness decreased from 5.6 nm to 1.1 nm and grains size decreased from 74.5 nm to 48 nm


We present an analysis of the polarization properties of BaTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices using an effective Hamiltonian derived from first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory. We show that the hardening and modification of local soft modes at the interface environment is responsible for (a) the deviation of the interface structure from the bulk one and (b) the suppression of polarization in the short-period superlattices. The effect of this interfacial coupling is shown to be enhanced as the epitaxial strain becomes tensile.


In dialysis patients statins are less effective than in other high risk patients due to a shift from cholesterol synthesis towards cholesterol absorption. The CARE FOR HOMe study investigates whether a shift towards cholesterol absorption occurs in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), and whether the ratio of campesterol-to-lathosterol predicts cardiovascular outcomes in non-dialysis CKD patients.

 In this analysis 251 participants suffering from CKD (KDIGO 2–4) without lipid-lowering drugs were included and followed for major atherosclerotic events (MACE). Additionally, all-cause death and the composite endpoint MACE and all-cause death were explored. We performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusting for age, gender, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), log-transformed albuminuria, prevalent cardiovascular disease, current smoking, diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure and body mass index. The primary hypothesis was that patients with a high campesterol-to-lathosterol ratio had a higher event rate.

 Neither lathosterol-to-cholesterol (r=0.022; p=0.730), nor campesterol-to-cholesterol (r=0.041; p=0.519) nor campesterol-to-lathosterol (r=−0.103; p=0.105) correlated with eGFR. During follow-up of 5.1±2.1 years, 47 participants suffered from MACE, 46 participants died and 61 reached the composite endpoint of MACE or all-cause death. In univariate Cox regression analysis, campesterol-to-lathosterol did not predict atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (HR 0.740; 0.368–1.487), all-cause death (HR 0.564; 0.277–1.145) or the composite endpoint (HR 0.652; 0.355–1.196). After full adjustment: campesterol-to-lathosterol was not associated with all three endpoints; MACE (HR 1.064; 0.507–2.231), all-cause death (HR 0.818; 0.420–1.594) and MACE and all-cause death (HR 0.956; 0.525–1.744).

 Markers of cholesterol metabolism were not associated with eGFR in patients with impaired renal function (KDIGO 2–4). Campesterol-to-lathosterol did not predict future MACE or all-cause death in non-dialysis CKD. These findings do not support the concept that patients with impaired renal function (KDIGO 2–4) benefit in particular from ezetimibe treatment. Further research is required to address this hypothesis in dialysis patients.

 Type of funding source: None


The rate balancing problem is considered in the multiple-input single-output (MIMO) broadcast channel with linear transceivers. After introducing relative per-stream rate targets as auxiliary variables, the optimization is performed by a gradient projection algorithm. In addition, the transmit and receive filters are updated and the mean square error matrices are diagonalized in each iteration. Although the algorithm can only find local optima of the considered non-convex optimization problem, numerical simulations show that it achieves good performance while it has a lower complexity than a comparable existing algorithm.


In general, the novel as one of the genre of literary works, contains a narrative of human life in conflict.Conflict caused by different wills even collide between the protagonist and the antagonist.What is the source of the conflict, how the conflict manifests, and how it goes, can not be separated from the ideal culture on which one stands, and the actual culture on the other.At the same time, anthropology is the study of man and his culture. From this angle, the anthropological perspective becomes the most likely reference for analysis to better understand the message the author wishes to convey.

Keywords: novel, conflict, perspective, culture, anthropology, and message.


The study on modern retail marketing of high-value agricultural commodities is of inevitable importance in the developing countries like India. The supply of vegetables by farmers to modern retail outlets has brought in a new form of organized marketing based on consumer demand. The study has assessed the marketing system by comparing marketing cost, marketing margins, price spread, producer's share in consumer's rupee, marketing efficiency and marketing constraints of supermarket channels and two traditional marketing channels in the Rangareddy district of Andhra Pradesh. Two vegetables, viz. brinjal and bhendi, have been selected for the study. It has been revealed that the net price received by the farmers and producer's share in consumer's rupee are higher in supermarket channel than in traditional channels. The supermarket channel has been found more efficient than the traditional channels. Rejections of low grade produce, procurement according to indent and lack of knowledge of grading have been identified as the major constraints of supermarket supply farmers. The major constraints expressed by the traditional market supply farmers include middlemen menace, higher distance to the market and high market charges. The study has observed that government intervention is required to create a policy environment that may ensure a mutually beneficial relationship between the farmers and the organized sector. Investment in infrastructure, development of extension activities and linkages with farmers are the important areas where government should give due attention to strengthen vegetable supply channels in the state.


Cetethyl Morpholinium Ethosuffate is a quaternary salt used as an antistatic agent and as a surfactant in several hair care products. The concentration at which this ingredient is used is unknown, although data reported in 1984 indicated a maximum concentration of I%. In an inhalation toxicity study, the approximate lethal concentration of Cetethyl Morpholinium Ethosulfate was O. 403 mglmm ~. This ingredient was shown to be a severe ocular irritant in an animal study. No other safety test data on this ingredient was available. These data were clearly insufficient to support the safety of Cetethyl Morpholinium Ethosuifate in cosmetics. Data available on Morpholine were summarized, but these data themselves were insuftlcient to support safety. The data needed in order to complete the safety assessment of Cetethyl Morpholinium Ethosuifate include: methods of manufacture and impurities, especially nitrosamines; current concentration of use; skin penetration, i f there is significant skin penetration, then both a 28-day dermal toxicity study to assess general skin and systemic toxicity and a repreducdve and developmental toxicity study are needed; two genotoxicity studies, at least one in a mammalian system, if positive, then a two-year dermal carcinogenisis study using NTP methods may be needed; UV absoq~on data, i f significantly absorbed, then photosensitization data are needed; dermal irritation and sensitization; and ocular toxicity, i f available.


Abstract. We report on satellite observations of atmospheric Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) emitted from metal smelting industries in Peru, South America and Siberia, Russia. Most of the non-ferrous metal ores are sulfidic and during the smelting process the sulfur is emitted as SO 2 . In addition to Norilsk, Russia, Peruvian copper smelters are among the most polluting point sources in the world. We retrieve SO 2 column amounts from spectra of the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) on the Earth Research Satellite 2 (ERS-2) for the years 1996 to 2002 using an algorithm based on differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS). Areas of enhanced SO 2 column amounts are clearly identified on a 7-years mean map of GOME observations over the regions with La Oroya and Ilo copper smelters of Peru and Norilsk smelters of Russia. Since the instrument sensitivity is highly dependent on surface albedo, SO 2 vertical profile, solar zenith angle (SZA), wavelength, clouds, and aerosol, radiative transfer modelling is used to convert the analysed slant column densities into vertical column densities. In this study, the full spherical Monte-Carlo radiative transport model TRACY-II is used for SO 2 AMF calculation. GOME data is analysed in further detail by calculating time series over these regions. For the different locations, the results demonstrate both, increasing and decreasing trends in the SO 2 column amounts over the time period of 1996–2002. The decreasing trend for the Ilo copper smelter is in good agreement with implemented measures for emission reductions. However, even for the cases with decreasing trends, these point sources are still a dominant source of anthropogenic SO 2 emissions in their region. For the smelters in Peru, the potential influence due to SO 2 emission by the nearby volcanoes is investigated and found to be negligible.


This study was conducted to investigate the effects of two dry matter levels of liquid swine manure on dry matter yield and nutritive value of Italian ryegrass, rye and oats, and the chemical characteristics of soil in Jeju. This experiment tested in split plot design. Three forage crops (Italian ryegrass, rye and oats) were the main plot and four fertilizers (no fertilizer


The creativity and uniqueness of modern African art composers in using the indigenous musical materials stand as media for revealing the African rhythmic identity, artistic ingenuity, cultural features, and the schools of thought of the composer(s). The distinctive expression continuum of a modern African art composer presents the skilful arts and intellectual ability of the composer, via his/her work(s). In view of this background, the Yoruba folksong arrangement of Pepeye Owubantutu for voices, (Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass) by Debo Akinwumi, reveals the uniqueness of African rhythmic identity found in the Yoruba milieu. Empirical research method was used by the researcher to justify the thrust and findings of this study. The study serves as educative resource material to the young modern art composers. It exposes diverse compositional techniques which can be used in adopting and applying the indigenous folksong into modern art music. Furthermore, it suggests strategies for building art composers to adopt and promote African rhythm in their art compositional works. Keywords : Folksongs, Creativity, Indigenous and African rhythm identity . DOI : 10.7176/RHSS/9-6-08 Publication date :March 31 st 2019


On exposure of carbon tetrabromide and various tribromides (RCBr3) to γ-rays at 77 K, species were obtained whose e.s.r. spectra could be analysed in terms of two strongly coupled and two (or one) weakly coupled bromine atoms, which strongly suggests the presence of distorted radical anions CBr4–(RCBr3–).


The origin of oscillatory convergence in finite difference methods is investigated. Fairly simple implicit schemes are used to solve the steady one-dimensional convection-diffusion equation with variable coefficients, and possible scenarios are shown that exhibit the oscillatory convergence. Also, a manufactured solution to difference equations is formulated that exhibits desired oscillatory behavior in grid convergence, with a varying formal order of accuracy. This model-error equation is used to statistically assess the performance of several methods of extrapolation. Alternative extrapolation schemes, such as the deferred extrapolation to limit technique, to calculate the coefficients in the Taylor series expansion of the error function are also considered. A new method is proposed that is based on the extrapolation of approximate error, and is shown to be a viable alternative to other methods. This paper elucidates the problem of oscillatory convergence, and brings a new perspective to the problem of estimating discretization error by optimizing the information from a minimum number of calculations.


This study presents i-SMART learning model (Identifying and representing problems, Selecting strategies and plans, Making solutions with monitoring strategies used, Analyzing and evaluating, Reflecting, and Transferring). I-SMART effectiveness in improving students' metacognitive skills and conceptual understanding is analysed. The application of i-SMART learning model in metacognitive activities made concepts easier for students to learn, therefore made it positively responded by students.


In a highly competitive modem society, corporations must assign great importance to the practice of enterprise ethics in order to survive. Enterprise ethics refers to the guidelines and principles that corporations observe to operate socially-oriented business. Enterprise ethics determine the relationship between shareholders, employees and customers. A well-operated enterprise always has a good ethical system. Corporate enterprise ethics are embodied in the social responsibility of the institution. In other words, if an enterprise fulfills its social responsibility and has positive interaction with the community, it will acquire the advantage and competitiveness for an enduring business operation. While the concept of the corporate citizen is emerging, Taiwan-based enterprises are vehemently engaged in philanthropic activities. This has been particularly true since the 921 Earthquake that occurred in 1999, when Taiwan-based enterprises further realized the limits of the government and understood that members of the private sector had to cooperate with each other in order to supplement the work done by the government. This research is a qualitative study undertaken by means of literature analysis and questionnaire/interview. It was accomplished by case studies conducted on three Taiwan-based hi-tech electronic corporations whose past corporate philanthropy had been remarkable. The findings were fourfold. First, the relationship between enterprise ethics and social responsibility is highly reciprocal, but not causative. Second, the intrinsic motives of enterprises in performing corporate philanthropy are with the current trends, corporate culture, corporate image and public relations; being acknowledged and accepted by the community and the society; becoming famous, thereby augmenting employees' loyalty; promoting positive development of the overall commercial environment; enhancing people's well-being and providing them with a tax-saving means, etc. The extrinsic motives of enterprises in performing corporate philanthropy are practicing enterprise ethics, fulfilling social responsibility and supporting philanthropy. Third, philanthropy is implemented in the form of donations, volunteer work or technical support, whether independently, through charities or in cooperation with other enterprises. Fourth, the effects of corporate philanthropy on the enterprises themselves are that of creating their corporate image, increasing their fame and enhancing their employees' loyalty, etc. This research is presented to entrepreneurs, governments, charities, the general public and academics for reference.


This article was written based on research which aims to develop self-diagnostic assessment media by scores based on desktop on impulse and momentum material. In addition, it aims to determine product quality based on expert assessment and student responses. Product was equipped with the results of the diagnosis and learning suggestions for students based on the scores obtained on each item. The type of research used was the 4-D Model Research and Development. The subjects of this study consisted of 2 experts, 2 practitioners, 3 colleagues, and 44 grade 10 students at Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta High School. Data collection was carried out using product assessment sheets and student response questionnaires. Assessment sheet was used as a guide to the feasibility of the product. The results of expert assessment showed that the products that had been developed were in the "Very Good" category with an average score of 0.90 on a scale of 0-1. Student responses were used as an assessment of product legibility. Student responses showed the "Good" category, with an average score of 3.28 on a scale of 1-4. Therefore, self-diagnostic assessment media by scores based on desktop on impulse and momentum material was appropriate to be used to diagnose students' initial abilities. In addition, the results of the diagnosis can be used as a basis for evaluation to carry out learning by teachers, so that effective learning can be achieved.


"Litigation cells" are defined as benign cells which may mimic dysplasia or cancer and might be used by plaintiffs' witnesses to imply that the cytotechnologist or pathologist "missed" cells of dysplasia or cancer. We reviewed 180 cervical smears from 166 patients who had hysterectomy for benign leiomyomas. All smears were performed within 12 months prior to hysterectomy. None of the uteri contained dysplasia or cancer on histologic examination. 90.6% of smears reviewed had at least one cell or cell group with atypia mimicking dysplasia or cancer. These "litigation cells" were classified as follows: parabasal cells, metaplastic squamous cells, degenerated endocervical cells, reactive endocervical cells, endometrial cells, neutrophils, histiocytes, and air‐dried cells. Diseases mimicked by these cells included squamous cell carcinoma, high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, adenocarcinoma, and glandular dysplasia. These "litigation cells" can be correctly classified by experienced cytotechnologists and cytopathologists and recognized as benign. We recommend that in all cases of alleged malpractice against cytotechnologists and/or pathologists the smears should be reviewed by a panel of individuals trained and experienced in cytopathology. The smears should be reviewed without knowledge of the clinical outcome and in an environment that simulates the normal screening practice. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:345–348. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


On some days I cause what I like to call 'restroom chaos'.
Early one morning at a conference I stand before a mirror in a university washroom, trying to find the lucidity to present a paper. An old male professor wanders in, cries out "I am so sorry, miss!" and runs out of the room. Unfortunately, having exhausted one of the options available within society's suspect binary, his panicked brain takes him straight into the "women's" washroom. I listen to the ensuing shrieking and sigh. Gender in our society is still tightly controlled; "it's a boy" or "it's a girl" are still the only two cries to escape a doctor's lips as we squirm into this confusing world. For those of us who do not fit this model, bathroom politics are a reality of everyday survival, even early in the morning before coffee brings caution.


Thyroid hormone is essential for growth, development and regulation of energy metabolism. Hyperthyroidism increases basal metabolic rate due to higher consumption of oxygen leading to enhanced Reactive oxygen Species ( ROS) generation. Oxidative modification of biomolecules and oxidative insult to mitochondria, due to enhanced ROS, has been implicated as a major causal factor in the thyroid hormone associated differential response of patients to therapy. Flow cytometric analysis of ROS levels in Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) revealed two sub-groups of patients in hyperthyroids, one with a 3 fold increase in the oxidative stress levels as compared to euthyroids and the other where a 1.7 fold increase in the oxidative stress was noted. However, a general increase in macromolecular damage was observed in all hyperthyroid irrespective of the differences in oxidative state. The macromolecular damage and mitochondrial status was similar in hypothyroid and euthyroid subjects. These observations suggest that a critical analysis of differences in the levels of oxidative stress, experienced by patients might contribute in the future design of therapies for effective clinical management of thyroid dysfunction


The lecture reveal* the po**lblllty o{ treating optical beam* and *y*ttm* u&lng the. PS concept. In the lint pant some well known concept* and refjJLt* o{ changed particle optici ane applied to optical beam and systems. Attention It, paled to the PSl concept a* to being a beam Invariant according to Llouvllte'* theorem. In the second pant some *lmple optical sources, their PSf and their trans {orm* through simple optical element* are theoretically presented. An experimental method and a device {or PSE measurement* are presented In the third part. In the {ourth part the. main problem* o I the linear *y*tem theory which were apptMtd to ilectrlcal circuit* In the tlMe. {or frequency) domain and to optical *y*tem* In the bldlmen*lonal *pace o{ *patlal coordinate.* [or Apatlal frequencies] are applied to *tl%matlc optical *y*tem* In the bldlmtn*lonal PS [*patlal coordinate., angle). Seat example* o{ applying PS concept* In optic* art presented In the frith part. The lecture Is mainly ba*zd on original rt*ult* *ome o{ them being pnv£ou*ly unpubll*htd. t ) I o r i t e d l e c t u r e pre tes ted at the 3~rd Internat ional School cf Coherent Optice , Bucharest , 30 auguet-8 September 1982. It represents a completion of the Proceedings of the School (Part 1 , I.Ursu and A.M.Prokhorov Eds . , CIP P r e s s , Buchar e s t , 1983) .


Time-honored brand catering business is an integral part of China's traditional culture.It is one of the important resources of tourist destination markets to attract tourists.However,there appear some puzzling problems in the operation of these businesses and their traditional operational modes are being challenged from newly-emerging enterprises.The paper,by using factor analysis,tries to find out the most important factor that influences these businesses through the study of customers' satisfaction about some time-honored brand catering markets.The results show that environmental factor exerts very high influences on customers' satisfaction.And then some corresponding suggestions for improvement are offered for the operational tactics of these businesses.This case study is of practical significance to the improvement of their operational tactics.


Sustainability of the environment is one of the major problems facing African people, most especially Nigerians. It is unfortunate that women, by the nature of their daily activities of managing the homes and families are in touch with nature and environment and are at greater risk of health hazards and foetal damage. This paper focuses on the type of education that women need to instill in them knowledge and skills for handling environmental problems. The paper concludes with some recommendations that environmental courses, clubs, training and retraining of teachers, networking with NGOs on environmental education for sustainability should be implemented. To this end, the government should put in place laws and policies for effectiveness of environmental programmes. Keywords: Gender, environmental sustainability, issues and problems, special needs


One challenge in video transmission is to deal with packet loss. Since the compressed video streams are sensitive to data loss, the error resiliency of the encoded video becomes important. When video data is lost and retransmission is not possible, the missed data should be concealed. But loss concealment causes distortion in the lossy frame which also propagates into the next frames even if their data are received correctly. One promising solution to mitigate this error propagation is intra coding. There are three approaches for intra coding: intra coding of a number of blocks selected randomly or regularly, intra coding of some specific blocks selected by an appropriate cost function, or intra coding of a whole frame. But Intra coding reduces the compression ratio; therefore, there exists a trade-off between bitrate and error resiliency achieved by intra coding. In this paper, we study and show the best strategy for getting the best rate-distortion performance. Considering the error propagation, an objective function is formulated, and with some approximations, this objective function is simplified and solved. The solution demonstrates that periodical I-frame coding is preferred over coding only a number of blocks as intra mode in P-frames. Through examination of various test sequences, it is shown that the best intra frame period depends on the coding bitrate as well as the packet loss rate. We then propose a scheme to estimate this period from curve fitting of the experimental results, and show that our proposed scheme outperforms other methods of intra coding especially for higher loss rates and coding bitrates.


This study aims to know the acceptability and marketability of using sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, and jackfruit seeds when creating a variant of the food brittle. The peanut brittle was created containing different ratios of sunflower, sesame, and jackfruit seeds to know the acceptability of the different ratios in terms of appearance, aroma, color, taste, and texture. The same system was also used to know about the marketability of the created version of peanut brittle in terms of supply availability, product cost, and consumer demand. The gathered data showed varied results from different samples on the different ratios and their criteria. The data gathered in this research were from MAT-Food Technology students who were officially enrolled at Marikina Polytechnic College during the semester, academic year 2022-2023. There were 30 teenagers, 30 adults and 30 young adults that comprised the group of evaluators, by using the 9-Point Hedonic Rating Scale. On the other hand, 30 TLE Teacher, 30 Food Brittle Maker and 30 Seller represented the other group of evaluators, by using the 5-Point Likert Scale. Their evaluations were then compared to know if there are significant differences between the evaluations of different samples on the three ratios and showed varied results across the three ratios in terms of acceptability and marketability. Lab tests were also conducted to analyze the physicochemical properties of the created SUNSEJACK peanut brittle which showed that they contain carbohydrates, protein, a moisture content of 3.7107%, and a pH of 7.1.


The number of adults with heart failure (HF) will increase by ~50% between 2012 and 2030. Among kidney transplant recipients, HF accounts for 16% of all post‐transplant admissions. We describe the burden of HF and predictors of healthcare utilization following kidney transplantation. We retrospectively identified adults who underwent kidney transplantation at our institution (01/2007–12/2017). Data were acquired from electronic health records, with healthcare utilization obtained from a statewide database. The HF incidence rate and prevalence were estimated for each year, total charges for HF and non‐HF patients were compared, and logistic regression was employed for a 3‐year predictive model of healthcare utilization associated with HF. Among 1731 kidney transplant recipients, the post‐transplant HF incidence rate ranged from 1.91 (year 3) to 6.80 (year 10) per 100 person‐years, while the prevalence increased from 31.7% (year 1) to 48.1% (year 10). Median charges were $75 837 (HF) compared to $42 940 (non‐HF) per person‐year (P < 0.001). Pretransplant HF [odds ratio (OR) = 3.12] and an eGFR < 45 (OR = 4.73) were the strongest predictors of HF encounters (P < 0.05 for both). We observed a high and increasing prevalence of HF, which was associated with twice the costs. Kidney transplant recipients would benefit from interventions aimed at mitigating HF risk factors.


Calibration was performed in order to determine the resolution achievable with the camera, and to ascertain the adequacy of the features effecting the quality of the pin-hole image. The calibration procedure is described, along with a method to calibrate the image size. (P.C.H.)


This elemental space radiator heat pipe is designed to operate in the 700 to 875 K temperature range. It consists of a C-C (carbon-carbon) shell made from poly-acrylonitride fibers that are woven in an angle interlock pattern and densified with pitch at high process temperature with integrally woven fins. The fins are 2.5 cm long and 1 mm thick, and provide an extended radiating surface at the colder condenser section of the heat pipe. The weave pattern features a continuous fiber bath from the inner tube surface to the outside edges of the fins to maximize the thermal conductance, and to thus minimize the temperature drop at the condenser end. The heat pipe and radiator element together are less than one-third the mass of conventional heat pipes of the same heat rejection surface area. To prevent the molten potassium working fluid from eroding the C C heat pipe wall, the shell is lined with a thin-walled, metallic tube liner (Nb-1 wt.% Zr), which is an integral part of a hermetic metal subassembly which is furnace-brazed to the inner surface of the C-C tube. The hermetic metal liner subassembly includes end caps and fill tubes fabricated from the same Nb-1Zr alloy. A combination of laser and electron beam methods is used to weld the end caps and fill tubes. A tungsten/inert gas weld seals the fill tubes after cleaning and charging the heat pipes with potassium. The external section of this liner, which was formed by a "Uniscan" rolling process, transitions to a larger wall thickness. This section, which protrudes beyond the C-C shell, constitutes the "evaporator" part of the heat pipe, while the section inside the shell constitutes the condenser of the heat pipe (see figure).


Economic indicators of construction work, particularly in high-rise construction, are directly related to the choice of optimal number of machines. The shortage of machinery makes it impossible to complete the construction & installation work on scheduled time. Rates of performance of construction & installation works and labor productivity during high-rise construction largely depend on the degree of provision of construction project with machines (level of work mechanization). During calculation of the need for machines in construction projects, it is necessary to ensure that work is completed on scheduled time, increased level of complex mechanization, increased productivity and reduction of manual work, and improved usage and maintenance of machine fleet. The selection of machines and determination of their numbers should be carried out by using formulas presented in this work.


Aims. Magnetic fields play a critical role in the propagation of charged cosmic rays. We investigate here whether some particular field configurations supported by various astrophysical objects produce images on cosmic ray maps. Methods. We consider a simple configuration, namely a constant azimuthal field in a disk-like object, which we identify as a cosmic magnetic lens. Such a configuration is typical of most spiral galaxies, and we hypothetize that it can also appear on smaller or larger scales. Results. We show that the magnetic lens deflects cosmic rays in a regular geometrical pattern, very much like a gravitational lens deflects light but with some interesting differences. In particular, the lens acts effectively only in a definite region of the cosmic-ray spectrum, and it can be convergent or divergent depending on the (clockwise or counterclockwise) direction of the magnetic field and the (positive or negative) electric charge of the cosmic ray. We find that the image of a point-like monochromatic source may be one, two, or four points depending on the relative positions of the source, the observer, and the center of the lens. For a perfect alignment and a lens in the orthogonal plane, the image becomes a ring. We also show that the presence of a lens could introduce low-scale fluctuations and matter-antimatter asymmetries in the fluxes from distant sources. Conclusions. The concept of cosmic magnetic lens that we introduce here may be useful for interpreting possible patterns observed in the cosmic ray flux at different energies.


Abstract Time delays in communication channels usually make teleoperation systems unstable. To cope with this, we apply the energy-bounding algorithm (EBA) that had been proposed for stable haptic interaction. The EBA restricts the energy generated by the sample and hold operator to consumable energy by the energy-consuming physical damping in the haptic system and some part of human arm to guarantee the passivity condition of whole system. This algorithm always guarantees stable haptic interactions, but compromises the displayable impedance range of the virtual environment. The EBA can be straightforwardly applied for bilateral teleoperation due to the analogy between the haptic simulation system and the teleoperation system. The video shows some feasibility test results of the EBA for bilateral teleoperation. Various test results for free, contact, and abrupt motions show that the EBA can ensure stable bilateral teleoperation for the fairy large amount of constant/variable time delays (2.5 sec (one-way) for free motion and 300 msec (one-way) for contact motion).


The paper considers the data of measurement of electrophysical parameters of silicon pin-photodiodes after implantation of defect-forming ions and subsequent heat treatment, which open a new way to reduce the dark current and increase the output of suitable devices. The data of electrophysical measurements are compared with the results of structural studies. The efficiency of proton irradiation of the periphery of n+-p transitions to protect the surface of pin-photodiodes based on high resistance silicon was experimentally established. Optimal conditions - modes of proton irradiation and subsequent thermal annealing (E = 100+200+300 Kev, D = 21016 cm-2, T = 300С, t = 2 h), at which the formation of a surface layer with optimal characteristics for achieving minimum dark currents of photosensitive sites and the guard ring occurs. The application of these modes to serial pin-photodiodes with a depth of n+ - p-transitions  3 m allowed to reduce the dark current by an order of magnitude and increase the output of suitable devices.


At the early 15th Century, the Ottoman Empire used to incorporate cash waqf into property investment and development. Using the cash waqf as an instrument, they have successfully been able to develop property waqf distinguishably. Similar development has been sighted in the Islamic world years later especially in Egypt, Kuwait and Indonesia. In Malaysia, since the inception of the fatwa on the applicability of cash waqf in 2007, many have been promoting and capitalising the availability of cash waqf into property albeit risky investment. This paper sought to examine the way in which cash waqf is utilised in the growing activities of waqf property. By comparing and contrasting between these two instruments of waqf, one needs to fully understand the importance of inalienability, perpetuity and illiquidity as investment qualities of them. Using secondary data in the case of Iskandar Malaysia, the scenario of inaffordability in owning properties is sighted. Interestingly, therefore, cash waqf offers an alternative in contributing to the success of Transformation Agenda of Affordable Residential Property Waqf in the country.Keywords: Cash waqf - Property waqf – Waqf Property Tranformation Agenda – Iskandar Malaysia


Structural characteristics of cubic GaN epilayers grown on GaAs(001) were studied using X-ray double-crystal diffraction technique. The structure factors of cubic GaN(002) and (004) components are approximately identical. However, the integrated intensities of the rocking curve for cubic (002) components are over five times as those of (004) components. The discrepancy has been interpreted in detail considering other factors. In the conventional double crystal rocking curve, the peak broadening includes such information caused by the orientation distribution (mosaicity) and the distribution of lattice spacing. These two kinds of distributions can be distinguished by the triple-axis diffraction in which an analyser crystal is placed in front of the detector. Moreover, the peak broadening was analysed by reciprocal lattice construction and Eward sphere. By using triple-axis diffraction of cubic (002) and (113) components, domain size and dislocation density were estimated. The fully relaxed lattice parameter of cubic GaN was determined to be about 0.451 +/- 0.001nm.


ABSTRACT While the institutional dimension of inter-parliamentary cooperation has been the subject of intense research, much less is known about the involvement of partisan actors, and more specifically of members of opposition parties. This article aims to bridge this gap by looking at the composition of parliamentary delegations to the meetings of the inter-parliamentary conference on stability, economic coordination and governance in the EU (so-called 'Article 13 Conference', established by Art. 13 of the Fiscal Compact in 2012). It focuses on the involvement and attitude of opposition parties, in order to verify whether they take part to inter-parliamentary cooperation and with which approach.


An ultra-flat optical frequency comb generator based on frequency chirp linearization is proposed and demonstrated. 3.27-dB and 7.38-dB flatness improvement are obtained in experiment and simulation, respectively.


Objective To observe the Qi and Phlegm and Blood Stasis treatment of unstable angina (UA) of the effect.Methods 246 cases of UA patients were randomly divided into two groups.Control group,94 patients treated with conventional western medicine;observation group 152 patients,based on the above plus blood stasis phlegm Qi,4 weeks / course.Results The total effective rate 90.80%,the efficiency of the control group was 70.20%,And ECG before and after treatment the total effective rate,serum LDL-C,TG,CRP,HDL-C,the difference was significant (P0.05),the observation group than the control group.Conclusion Qi phlegm significant effect in Treating UA


The large amount of energy used in muscular exercise of extreme severity has been demonstrated by recent work on the oxygen requirement of such exercise. Sargent (1, p. 16), for example, has found an oxygen requirement of nearly 30 litres per minute in a subject running 120 yards at an average speed of 9.23 yards per second, which is about eight times his maximum oxygen intake. Our previous paper will have explained how this great expenditure of energy occurs; it is not used mainly in overcoming any resistance external to the body, but rather the "viscosity" of the muscles of the subject himself. The mechanical work done can be calculated by the methods outlined in that paper, and it is of interest to compare it with the oxygen used in recovering from the effort made, which is a measure of the total energy expended. The Mechanical Efficiency of the Body in Running .—For the purpose of these experiments the subject is first caused to rest for 45 minutes, and a measure ment is made of his resting oxygen consumption. Then, without any other exercise, he is required to run 60, 100, or 150 yards at top speed, to pull up as rapidly as possible, and to collect his expired air for 30, 40 or 50 minutes, depending on the time needed for complete recovery.


Objective To explore the application of alcohol gauze plus MeBo mature sores stick in central venous catheter puncture point maintenance and nursing. Methods From February 2010 to August 2011, 126 patients with central venous puncture point inserting the catheter were chosen and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, the experimental group was given the MeBo which contain the benne oil and beeswax materials to cover the puncture point, alcohol gauze over them, finally self-adhesive dressing stick glued to fasten. The control group was given the sterile dry gauze to cover the puncture point, poly-urethane over them glued to fasten. Results The experimental group didn't form the scab around the puncture point after changed over the drugs in the first time. The local infection rate of 14 days accounted for 3.2%; the formation rate of scab in control group accounted for 38.1%, the local infection rate of 14 days was 19.0%, through the analysis of statistics, the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion The application of alcohol gauze plus MeBo mature sores stick in central venous catheter puncture point maintenance can reduce the formation of scab around the puncture point and reduce the infection risks, and also prevent related local infection around the catheter.


The cyclosporine is now established as the immunosuppressant of choice in human organ transplantation, because it improves graft survival. Unfortunately, the cyclosporine can lead to a wide spectrum of nephrotoxic complications. The aim of this study was to asses the effect of lacidipine (calcium antagonist) on the cyclosporine induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Thirty adult albino rats were used this study. They were divided into three groups: control group, cyclosporine group and lacidipine treated group. The rats of cyclosporine group were received a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight for two weeks by daily oral administration. The rats of lacidipine treated group were received the same dose of cyclosporine for 14 days along with lacidipine lmg /kg of body weight by daily oral administration three days before and fourteen days concurrently with cyclosporine treatment. At the end of the experiment, there was marked elevation of serum urea and creatinine levels in the cyclosporine group. Lacidipine treatment significantly (P <0.05) reduced the elevated serum urea and creatinine. In control group, the histological examination of the rat renal cortex showed normal glomeruli and Bowman's capsule. The tubules which were seen in the sections consist mainly of the proximal convoluted tubules and some distal convoluted tubules. The proximal convoluted tubules are lined by columnar cells with rounded nuclei and prominent nucleoli. These cells have many microvilli which form a brush border. The cytoplasm of these cells contains mitochondria, few vesicle and small sized lysosomes. The renal corpuscles and tubules are surrounded by minimal amount of loose connective tissue. In cyclosporine group, the sections of the rat renal cortex showed necrosis of some glomeruli, thickening of the Bowman's capsule and degeneration of some tubules. There are hyaline degeneration of other tubules and marked deposition of condensed amount of connective tissue in the renal interstitium. The cytoplasm of cells lining the proximal tubules contains increased number of lysosomes, many vacuoles and vesicles. Some mitochondria are degenerated. In lacidipine treated group, the lacidipine treatment effectively prevented the cyclosporine induced changes in the renal cortex. In conclusion: lacidipine can effectively antagonize the renal functional and structural changes induced by cyclosporine in rats Recommendation : We recommend the use of lacidipine for renal transplant patients using cyclosporine for immune suppression to protect their kidneys from cyclosporine induced nephrotoxicity. "INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE WORK" The cylosporine is a fungal peptide with powerful immunosuppressive activity .It was discovered by Borel and his coworkers in 1976 in the course of screening fungal products for antifungal activity but proved to have a remarkable inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation (Bore!, 1994) .Due to its potent immunosuppressive effects, the cyclosporine has improved allograft survival in organ transplantation and has been applied increasingly with considerable clinical benefit in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Unlike most other immunosuppressive agents, the cyclosporine has no depressant effects on the bone marrow. However, the therapeutic benefits of cyclosporine have been frequently limited by the occurrence of acute and chronic nephrotoxicity, which is the most serious side effect (Rodicio, 2000). The doserelated decrease in renal function with cyclosporine in experimental animals is largely thought to be caused by afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction and by the extremely decreased glomerular filtration rate (Myers, 1986); (Perico and Remuzzi; 1991) and (perico, eta!, 1992). Chronic cyclosporine administration leads to loss of proximal tubular epithelial cell integrity and tubular atrophy, a variable interstitial injury with secondary fibrosis and macrophage infiltration (Keown, et al .1992) and (Keown and Stiller, 1995). Lacidipine is a highly vasoselective thirdgeneration calcium antagonist that produces a sustained reduction in elevated blood pressure and a low incidence of adverse effects (Bond, eta! .1993). Several studies in patients with chronic renal failure suggest that calcium antagonists are of benefits in reducing or arresting the decline in renal function (Salvi, et al. 1990) and (Rodicio, et al, 1993). In rats isolated glomeruli, the calcium antagonist prevented cyclosporine induced vasoconstriction (Rooth, et al.1987).So the aim of this work is to determine the possible prophylactic effect of lacidipine in cyclosporine induced nephrotoxicity in rats.


It is shown that a groove on the surface of a circular cylinder affects movement of the separation point backward and reduces draw even at Reynolds numbers of about a few thousand. Several types of circular-arc cross-section grooves are studied using flow visualisations and numerical simulations. Whether these grooves are effective depends strongly on their positions, and the most effective positions are about 80 deg, measured from the foremost point. When they are effective, cavity flows are developed inside the grooves. This effect corresponds to that of dimples on golf balls and will explain unique characteristics of the drag curve.


This chapter discusses Article 1, 2 and 3, explaining the scope of the Protocol. Article 1 is on material field of application and shall apply to all armed conflicts which are not covered by Art. 1 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I). Article 2 on personal field of application discusses that this Protocol shall be applied to all persons affected by an armed conflict as defined in Art. 1. Article 3 on non-intervention explains provisions on what will not be invoked in the Protocol. This article prohibits invoking the Protocol as a justification for intervening. UN organs act on the basis of the Charter and do not need the Protocol in order to justify their actions. Keywords:armed conflict; Geneva Conventions 1949; Protocol; UN organs


Issues of comparative theory are addressed through direct examination of acknowledgment tokens (e.g. Eh, Mm, Mmmm, Uh heh?) in American and Swedish conversations. Findings yield grounds for claiming universality across cultural members'placement and usage of acknowledgment tokens. This is especially evident in the ways interactants organize stories and topics by (a) working to preserve rights and privileges of tellers, and (b) moving toward more active speakership. A substairtiwe (i.e., reinspectable) basis for rendering comparative judgments about cross-cultural similarities and differences is thus offered. Attention is then given to the impact of research methods on understanding communication and culture. Contrasts are made with anecdotal and self-report findings depicting Swedes as conversationally inept, lacking the necessary skills in such activities as "offering feedback." Explanations of findings indicating conversational universals and particulars are offered, and implications for comparative theory development are elaborated.


TO support the use of acupuncture to treat chronic back pain in dogs, Jane Hunter ([ VR , December 11, 2010, vol 167, pp 947–948][1]) draws attention to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence [(NICE) 2009][2] guidelines on the treatment of low back pain ([NICE 2009][2]). She


Uplink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme is developed for time division duplex (TDD) systems in a multicell environment. We propose a precoding scheme that maximizes the total achievable rate and works in the decentralized manner with only locally available channel state information (CSI) at each transmitter. We first establish and solve a decentralized optimization problem for the case of multiple-input single-output (MISO) channels, introducing a new precoding design metric called signal to generated interference plus noise ratio (SGINR). By extending the result to general MIMO channels, we propose an SGINR-based precoding scheme where the number of transmit streams is selected adaptively to the surrounding environments. Simulation results confirm that the proposed precoding scheme offers significant throughput enhancement in multicell environments.


Abstract Purpose The GammaPod is a dedicated prone breast stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) machine composed of 25 cobalt‐60 sources which rotate around the breast to create highly conformal dose distributions for boosts, partial‐breast irradiation, or neo‐adjuvant SRS. We describe the development and validation of a patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) system for the GammaPod. Methods We present two PSQA methods: measurement based and calculation based PSQA. The measurements are performed with a combination of absolute and relative dose measurements. Absolute dosimetry is performed in a single point using a 0.053‐cc pinpoint ionization chamber in the center of a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) breast phantom and a water‐filled breast cup. Relative dose distributions are verified with EBT3 film in the PMMA phantom. The calculation‐based method verifies point doses with a novel semi‐empirical independent‐calculation software. Results The average (± standard deviation) breast and target sizes were 1263 ± 335.3 cc and 66.9 ± 29.9 cc, respectively. All ion chamber measurements performed in water and the PMMA phantom agreed with the treatment planning system (TPS) within 2.7%, with average (max) difference of –1.3% (−1.9%) and −1.3% (−2.7%), respectively. Relative dose distributions measured by film showed an average gamma pass rate of 97.0 ± 3.2 when using a 3%/1 mm criteria. The lowest gamma analysis pass rate was 90.0%. The independent calculation software had average agreements (max) with the patient and QA plan calculation of 0.2% (2.2%) and −0.1% (2.0%), respectively. Conclusion We successfully implemented the first GammaPod PSQA program. These results show that the GammaPod can be used to calculate and deliver the predicted dose precisely and accurately. For routine PSQA performed prior to treatments, the independent calculation is recommended as it verifies the accuracy of the planned dose without increasing the risk of losing vacuum due to prolonged waiting times.


The purpose of this study was to 1) explain the influence of professional competence and teacher attitude toward students' learning motivation of narrative writing, 2) explain the influence of professional competence and teacher attitude towards students' creativity in narrative writing and 3) explain the influence of professional competence, teacher attitude, motivation, creativity toward students' learning outcomes in narrative writing. This study uses a quantitative approach with experimental research methods and explanatory design.  The population of study was the whole of primary school students of Kartika Jaya 1-11 Padang and sample were students of class VI consists of five classes namely VA to VE, amounting to 94 people. Data were collected by using questionnaires with 5-point Likert scale measurement. Data was obtained from narrative essay tests. Data analysis used path analysis test. Research findings show that the attitude of professional competence and teacher attitude simultaneously and partially effect on student motivation, but partially the teacher attitude did not have significant effect on motivation. As well as professional competence and teacher attitude simultaneously and partially effect on students' creativity, but partially teacher attitude did not have significant effect on students' creativity. The influence of all variables simultaneously indicate that professional competence, teacher attitude, motivation and creativity significant effect on learning outcomes of narrative writing to the elementary school students of Kartika Jaya1-11, Padang, but partially not all variables have significant influence, where professional competence had no significant effect to results learning, as well as teacher attitude had no significant effect on learning outcomes.


The anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behavior of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) dots was studied and applied in oxidoreductase-based ECL biosensing using Chox as the model enzyme.


There are new remote deep-water oil fields that are being discovered and this makes the use of shuttle tankers more vital for the transport of crude oil to on shore and off shore refineries. The emissions from these tankers are studied and an alternative technology for the recovery of methane, propane and butane from carbon dioxide and other inert gases that are present in the emission is being explored by the use of membrane technology. This paper looks into the transport mechanism exhibited by an inorganic ceramic membrane with an α – Al2O3 support. The α–Al2O3 support showed permeance in the range of 10 molsmPa for CO2, Ar, N2 and He at 298 K. Keywords-membrane technology; permeance; transport mechanism; lower hydrocarbons.


A wavelet multi-component decomposition algorithm is proposed for processing data from micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-RS) of biological tissue. The μ-RS has been recently recognized as a promising tool for the biopsy test and in vivo diagnosis of degenerative human tissue pathologies, due to the high chemical and structural information contents of this spectroscopic technique. However, measurements of biological tissues are usually hampered by typically low-level signals and by the presence of noise and background components caused by light diffusion or fluorescence processes. In order to overcome these problems, a numerical method based on discrete wavelet transform is used for the analysis of data from μ-RS measurements performed in vitro on animal (pig and chicken) tissue samples and, in a preliminary form, on human skin and oral tissue biopsy from normal subjects. Visible light μ-RS was performed using a He–Ne laser and a monochromator with a liquid nitrogen cooled charge coupled device equipped with a grating of 1800 grooves mm−1. The validity of the proposed data procedure has been tested on the well-characterized Raman spectra of reference acetylsalicylic acid samples.


Recently, high-throughput technologies such as the two-hybrid system, protein chip, Mass Spectrometry, and the phage display have furnished a lot of data on protein-protein interactions (PPIs), but the data has not been accurate so far and the quantity has also been limited. In this respect, computational techniques for the prediction and validation of PPIs have been developed. However, existing computational methods do not take into account the fact that a PPI is actually originated from the interactions of domains that each protein contains. So, in this work, the information on domain modules of individual proteins has been employed in order to find out the protein interaction relationship. The system developed here, WASPI (Web-based Assistant System for Protein-protein interaction Inference), has been implemented to provide many functional insights into the protein interactions and their domains. To achieve those objectives, several preprocessing steps have been taken. First, the domain module information of interacting proteins was extracted by taking advantage of the InterPro database, which includes protein families, domains, and functional sites. The InterProScan program was used in this preprocess. Second, the homology comparison with the GO (Gene Ontology) and COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups) with an E-value of iO, i03 respectively, was employed to obtain the information on the function and annotation of each interacting protein of a secondary PPI database in the WASPI. The BLAST program was utilized for the homology comparison.


The first chapter by the editors provides an introduction to the issues of inclusion and exclusion and gives an overview of the New Delhi forum. The second chapter by Laquian outlines the concept of poverty and the linkage between the urban poor and infrastructure (housing, water, and sanitation; solid waste management; and public transport). While the conceptual treatment of poverty is cursory, the sections on the linkage between poverty and infrastructure provide an interesting backdrop to Asian urban conditions. With the exception of chapters 9 and 11, which are reviews, the rest of the chapters in the book are empirical in nature, examining different infrastructure issues with respect to the urban poor in Asia. Six chapters focus empirically on singlecountry cases, three chapters are set in Asia broadly, and one makes a two-country comparison. Most of the empirical chapters provide good case lessons of what has been done historically in that particular context. Chapters 3 and 4 examine the issue of housing. While chapter 3 (by Tewari, Raghupathi, and Ansari) focuses on housing and urban services in India, chapter 4 draws on the author's (van Horen) experiences with slum upgrading and institutional capacity building in twenty-six projects across eleven countries. van Horen's chapter is illuminating in terms of the ingredients of institutional capacity building during upgrading. According to him, they include building physical assets, resettlement plans, natural assets, human capital, relational assets, economic assets, and governance reforms. Neither chapter, however, makes any reference to the issue of slums with respect to the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. Chapters 5 through 8 deal with the issue of transportation with respect to the urban poor. Chapter 5 (by Badami, Tewari, and Mohan) examines the mobility of urban poor in India (New Delhi in particular); chapter 6 (by Haider and Badami) examines the efficiency and equity of public transit in Pakistan (particularly in the greater Islamabad-Rawalpindi area); chapter 7 (by Peng and Zhu) examines urban transport in China (Beijing and Shanghai); chapter 8 (by Wang and Chan) focuses on the emerging spatial mismatch between housing and jobs in Hong Kong. The general thrust of these chapters is to evaluate different public transit systems that may benefit the poor. Interestingly, "franchise" buses have emerged as a major transportation mode. All these chapters are quite nuanced, drawing on well-established data sources. However, in Wang's chapter (177), there are discrepancies between the table and the accompanying narrative. Chapters 9 and 10 are quite easily the best two chapters in the book. Chapter 9 (by Maclaren, Islam, and Shafi) provides an excellent review of solid waste management in Asian cities. The chapter gives an outline of informal waste management, its relation to formal waste management, and the main concerns of informality (health risks, children's issues). It also examines the strengths and weaknesses of different interventions to improve the informal working conditions, with a more detailed look at community-based waste management. Chapter 10 (by Argo and Laquian) examines the institutional process of privatization of water services and the effects on the urban poor in Jakarta and Manila. The comparative case study is particularly illuminating since both adopted privatization around the same time, were designed by the same technical consultants, were supported by the same international financial institutions, and were similarly affected by the Asian financial crisis. In both cases, privatization did not save the water management agencies and adversely affected the urban poor. Chapter 11 (by Brennan-Galvin) gives an overview of coordination of infrastructure and public services for the urban poor. There are some overlaps with previous chapters in the coverage on infrastructure challenges (e.g., privatization of water supply, solid waste management). Yet the chapter is useful in describing innovative infrastructure solutions, such as the role of small-scale providers (e.g., water vendors), community toilets, and community organizations in waste collection (e.g., Civic Exnoras in India). Chapter 12 (by Sivaramakrishnan) focuses on municipal governance in India. The author is a well-recognized expert on governance mechanisms in India. He argues that despite decentralization policies in India since 1992, urban local bodies continue to "operate largely within a regulatory and restrictive framework" (302). The historical shackles of central and state government predominance in planning have yet to be broken. The overall importance of the book lies in highlighting the significance of infrastructure provision for the urban poor. In this, the various chapters do a good job of indicating how to improve poor urban residents' access to infrastructure and public services. The empirical chapters of the book would be useful for undergraduate and graduate classes dealing with Asian urban development and could be informative for development practitioners as well.


A Sn phosphate was successfully coated to the surface of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 particles using a new method we developed. The elements Sn and P were observed to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2. After the Sn phosphate coating, the onset temperature shifted up to about 250 oC, and the exothermic value also decreased to 116.3 J/g, i.e. the thermal stability of the material was enhanced.The rate capability of the 1 wt% Sn phosphate-coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 materials was enhanced at room temperature and 60 oC. However, a 3 wt% Sn phosphate coating degraded the electrochemical performance. The 1 wt% Sn phosphate-coated material showed improved cycle performance compared to that of the bare material at room temperature and 60 oC. It is believed that the oxide coating layer prevented direct contact with the organic electrolyte.


The poly-crystalline germanium (poly-Ge) nanodots (~60 nm) have potential for easier and faster to fabricate on Si substrate. Utilizing the laser annealing to improve the quality of evaporated germanium (Ge) nanodot array on Si substrate, and a method of using local pressure for sandwich structure is developed to affects the treated Ge nanodot. Therefore, the amorphous Ge can be faster crystallized and tranforms into poly-crystalline Ge nanodot. In addition, selective deposition of Ge material is developed to obtain regular dot arrays. To evaluate the crystal quality of the Ge nanodot array was investigated by Raman signal measurement. Finally, the Raman spectrums are well fitted, whose narrow FWHM of the Ge nanodot array is 5.29 cm and peak position at 302.745 cm is approach the Ge bulk. Those results show that the processed Ge nanodot is poly-crysalline. The Ge nanodot arrays may be promising for use in nonvolatile memories (NVM).


A die clamping mechanism. The die clamping mechanism is disposed on a bottle blowing machine, and comprises a left shuttering (1), and a right shuttering (2) rotationally connected to the left shuttering (1). The die clamping mechanism has a die opening state, and a die closing state. When the die clamping mechanism is in the die closing state, a cavity (4) is formed between the left shuttering (1) and the right shuttering (2). The die clamping mechanism further comprises a clamping mechanism used for clamping the left shuttering (1) and the right shuttering (2) when the die clamping mechanism is in the die closing state. At least one left connection lug boss (5) is disposed on the left shuttering (1), and a pin hole (6) is formed on the left connection lug boss (5). A right connection lug boss (7) is disposed on the right shuttering (2), and the right connection lug boss (7) is staggered with the left connection lug boss (5) in an up and down manner. The clamping mechanism comprises a connection shaft (9) slidingly disposed on the right shuttering (2), a connection rod (12) disposed fixedly with the connection shaft (9), and a pin (10) disposed fixedly with the connection rod (12). A slot (14) for sliding of the connection rod (12) and the pin (10) is formed on the right connection lug boss (7). When the die clamping mechanism is in the die opening state, the pin (10) is in the slot (14). When the die clamping mechanism is in the die closing state, the pin (10) slides relative to the right connection lug boss (7) and passes through the slot (14) into the pin hole (6). During die closing, an operator does not touch the pin (10), and therefore, it is secure.


Recent years have seen increased attention being given to motion detection in action measurement. With the increasing usage of action measurement system requirements for the precision of the motion detection have become more critical. The major purpose of the present study was to design a Motion Detection System Based on Coordinate orientation. The system collected identified data from the tiny sensing module. The displacement will be calculated from the Double Integration of value G measured from the accelerometer. The value will be analyzed by the data of the methods of wireless location to get the higher precisely location.


The basic and scope of the authority in Management Right of Land (Hak Pengelolaan/ HPL) derived from State's authority of Land as regulated in Indonesian Land Act No. 5/1960 (UUPA) 2 2 (Public Law). Then the authority delegated to the subject
of HPL and elaborated in the regulation authority and the right making contract with other party (Private Law).


Existing studies of country-fund premiums utilize market returns as main arguments and do not account for the effects of investor-risk perception specifically. This paper proposes a time-varying, asymmetrical investor-risk perception hypothesis that relates country-fund premiums or discounts to risk perceptions in U.S. and foreign stock markets. By using trading volume and conditional volatility to measure noise-trader risk (driven by sentiment) and rational-investor risk (motivated by fundamentals), respectively, we find significant evidence to support the time-varying, asymmetrical investor-risk hypothesis. Specifically, trading volume and volatility in both U.S. and foreign markets are crucial to explaining the behavioral changes of country-fund net premiums over time. While U.S. volume and volatility are more important than similar foreign variables on the whole, there exists significant regional heterogeneity, and foreign variables as well as exchange-rate volatility are important for a significant number of country funds. Fund premiums are also affected by the emerging-market financial crises, and there is some evidence of international contagion. (Version: November 11, 2004) JEL Classification: G1, F3


Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction of OFDM signal has been a subject of intense research in the last decade. In this paper, we propose an undistorted PAPR reduction method for OFDM systems, which combines the Interleaving Method and a modified Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) method with the new phase rotation. The computational complexity of Interleaving Method is lower, compared with PTS. However, the PAPR reduction performance of Interleaving Method is worse than the PTS method. The proposed PAPR reduction method can improve the PAPR reduction performance compared with the conventional PTS method, and degrade the complexity.


The 2019 FASEB Science Research Conference on The Mobile DNA Conference: 25 Years of Discussion and Research, June 23–28, Palm Springs, California, USA David A. Ray,* Nicole Paulat,* Wenfeng An, Stephane Boissinot, Richard Cordaux, Tiffany Kaul,{ Ben Freeman,k and Victoria Belanciok *Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA; New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 7267, Poitiers, France; {Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and kDepartment of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA


Antero-lateral ankle impingement syndrome (ALAIS) is a well-established clinical entity that is a common consequence of ankle sprains. Injury to the anterior talo-fibular ligament plays a key role in the genesis of ALAIS. Arthroscopic antero-lateral synovectomy is the standard of care. However, this treatment approach


Preoperative DU is recommended by international guidelines. Preoperative vascular mapping is of utmost importance for surgical planning. Standard protocols are needed to ensure reproducibility of methods and studies. We present our setting and describe in detail our standard protocol.


An alkoxyphenyl substituted melamine derivative has been investigated in binary mixtures with a two-chain semiperfluorinated benzoic acid. The two components are non-liquid crystalline in their own right. Equimolar mixtures of the melamine with the complementary benzoic acid form discrete hydrogen-bonded heterodimers. The dimeric supermolecules exhibit an induced rectangular columnar mesophase with two-dimensional c2 mm lattice symmetry. The columnar phase represents a ribbon phase resulting from the collapse of smectic bilayers. Docking of two or three equivalents of the two-chain benzoic acid to the melamine core leads to the induction of hexagonal columnar mesophases.


This chapter provides an iconographic overview on how the universities of the Holy Roman Empire displayed their authority. It will focus on two aspects. The first is the development of iconographic formulae that can convey the constitution and activity of a university or one of its faculties; and the second is the role of coats of arms or other political signs that indicate the relation between the university and the rulers of the territory in which it was situated. A seventeenth-century legal treatise on insignia gives a long list of the signs of the head of a university: maces (Sceptra), robe (Epomis), register (Matricula), the presence of bedells, seals, books of statutes and privileges, and the keys to consistory and prison. Of these objects, only the two that regularly bear images is discussed in this chapter: the seals and the maces.


On Thursday 14 May 2020 Maynooth University Library hosted a seminar via Zoom, entitled 'Irish Libraries and COVID-19: First Reflections'. The seminar explored the response of the library sector to the global pandemic that has impacted every aspect of life. This article presents the case studies from the seminar.


Abducent nerve schwannoma is very rare. Only a few cases of intracavernous sixth nerve schwannoma have been published in literature. We report 3 cases abducent nerve schwannomas. One case was solely intracavernous schwannoma, second case was so far the first case of schwannoma involving cavernous, superior orbital fissure, and intraorbital segment of nerve with proptosis in which patient had sixth nerve palsy on that side from early childhood, and third case was associated with a small acoustic schwannoma on the same side. Here, we also emphasize on the necessity for modification of Tung et al classification on sixth nerve schwannoma.


Objective To investigate The clinical value of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with intraoperative choledochoscopy for common bile duct exploration in treatment of cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis clinical value.Methods retrospective analysis of 2005 May to 2011 June,320 cases of gallstones and bile duct stones in patients with clinical data,both in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy(Laparoscopic Cholecyseectomy) in incision of common bile duct,line of choledochofiberscopic common bile duct exploration,intraoperative cholangiography.Results 320 cases of operation were successful,including 291 cases of routine placement of T tube,29 cases of primary suture of common bile duct.Conclusion LC Federation intraoperative cholangioscopy common bile duct exploration with minimally invasive,shorter hospitalization time,quick recovery,security and other advantages,it is worthy of clinical application.


The dynamic changes in available literature storage have led to the distortion in OPAC stored information in the mode of multi-libraries in a university.The article expounds the relationship between available literature storage and OPAC information storage,makes analysis of the influencing factors of available literature on OPAC information storage.The author of this article proposes some ideas and suggestions to document storage from the following aspects: education of readers,the cultivation of librarians and improvement of the managerial system of OPAC.


Tacca tubers (Tacca leontopetaloides) was used to produce many kind of foods but has limit in utilization. Tacca tubers has a high starch and amylose content which can be a functional food by increasing the resistant starch content. The objective of this research was to evaluated the effect of autoclaving-cooling treatments on chemical characteristic and structure of tacca starch. Tacca starch was modified by autoclaving-cooling in 1-5 cycle(s). Then, analysis of amylose and resistant starch content of the starch. An observation was done to the structure of the starch granules of samples using Scanning Electron Microscope. The results showed that the autoclaving-cooling significantly increased the resistant starch content from native starch 4,25 % to 39-53%, while the amylose content did not significantly increased. The microstructure of the starch granules have changed from coccus shape into crystalline structure through SEM observation.


In order to improve the dynamic response and anti-interference ability of the system, a sliding mode control method for a fixed frequency bidirectional DCDC converter is proposed in this paper. The sliding mode of Buck mode and Boost mode is established in Simulink with voltage and current as control volume respectively, and the simulation results of PI control are compared. The effectiveness of the sliding mode algorithm is verified. It is proved that the sliding mode system has good robustness and fast dynamic response.


This chapter reviews the current knowledge about the mechanism of the LexA/RecA regulated response and its output in Escherichia coli, stressing newly emerging areas such as regulation of RecA filament formation and management of specialized DNA repair polymerases. It also talks about the SOS response in other bacterial species and its implications for the evolution and treatment of bacterial pathogens, and further discusses the more poorly understood LexA/ RecA-independent damage response in several model organisms and a potentially larger network of the response to DNA damage. ATP binding, but not hydrolysis, is required for DNA binding; DNA binding greatly stimulates ATP hydrolysis, which in turn promotes RecA's release from DNA. The current widespread use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, which, as topoisomerase II poisons, are potent SOS inducers, has potentially serious clinical consequences and influence on evolution of pathogens. In E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis there is increasing evidence of LexA/RecA independent modes of DNA damage response, including genes involved in DNA replication and repair. The majority of DNA damage inducible genes are not controlled by LexA or RecA . The DNA damage response has important implications for the evolution and treatment of bacterial pathogens because of its ability to promote genetic change through mutation and induction of mobile genetic elements, potentially induced by the very agents used to treat bacterial infections.


Crude extract of sunflower seeds was prepared using different extractants (distilledwater, 5% NaCl in distilled water, 5% NaCl in acetate buffer pH 5.0) and certain mixing ratios (1:2,1:5 and 1:10 seeds powder : extractant, respectively). Using of 5% NaCl in acetate buffer pH 5.0 atmixing ratio of 1:5 gave an extract with reasonable efficient clotting properties. Ammonium sulphateat 40-60% concentration was used in one single step for the partial purification of the extract.Ammonium sulphate, (40-60%) fraction showed milk clotting and specific activities of 440 sec and2.30 U/mg protein, respectively. Meanwhile a yield percentage and a fold of purification of 28.58 and2.02 were achieved. Clotting/proteolytic activity, water holding capacity and curd synersis of thepartially purified extract approved those of commercial calf rennet indicating the suitability of theextract as a rennet substitute. The optimum temperature, pH, Cacl2 and GDL concentration of theresultant extracts were found to be 65°C, 5.0, 0.04 % and 0.4%, respectively.


Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global health crisis, necessitating the search for innovative strategies to combat infectious diseases. The unique biodiversity of Italian flora offers a treasure trove of plant species and their associated phytochemicals, which hold immense potential as a solution to address AMR. By investigating the antimicrobial properties of Italian flora and their phytochemical constituents, this study aims to shed light on the potential of phyto-complexes as a valuable resource for developing novel or supportive antimicrobial agents useful for animal production.


Satellite communication provides characteristics such as wide-area coverage and flexible network construction. Since enormous budgets and long lead times are required for satellite development, however, it is difficult to implement the latest techniques onboard. Even if state-of-the-art communications technology is implemented at the time of launch, paradigm shifts in terrestrial network technology can quickly make the onboard technology outdated. In this paper, we describe a reconfigurable communication satellite system based on the formation-flight technique and inter-satellite communication technology. This satellite system consists of a group of layered satellites that can operate together like a single satellite.


Using transpired solar collectors to preheat ventilation air has recently become recognized as an economic alternative for integrating renewable energy into commercial buildings in heating climates. The collectors have relatively low installed costs and operate on simple principles. Theory and performance testing have shown that solar collection efficiency can exceed 70% of incident solar. However, implementation and current absorber designs have adversely affected the efficiency and associated economics from this initial analysis. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has actively studied this technology and monitored performance at several installations. A calibrated model that uses typical meteorological weather data to determine absorber plate efficiency resulted from this work. With this model, an economic analysis across heating climates was done to show the effects of collector size, tilt, azimuth, and absorptivity. The analysis relates the internal rate of return of a system based on the cost of the installed absorber area. In general, colder and higher latitude climates return a higher rate of return because the heating season extends into months with good solar resource. Wal-Mart has installed approximately 8,000 ft 2 of absorber at its experimental store in Aurora, Colorado. The delivered energy efficiency was measured at 8-11% during January and February 2007. The low collection efficiency is largely due to the oversized absorber and to the multizone control strategy that limits the amount of air pulled through the collector. Analysis shows that more than 50% of the incident solar energy could be delivered with proper control strategy changes. Background


In this paper a set of four low cost electrically small dual reflector antennas for radio-relay application are presented. The antennas use the same main and subreflector profiles integrated to distinct feed chains designed for each of the four proposed frequency bands. Significant theoretical analysis and preliminary experimental results in the 22 GHz frequency band indicate that the antenna design is compliant with the current Brazilian regulation for off-axis radiation.


In this study, the Taguchi method is used to optimize the in-lab reclamation process parameters of used transformer oils. The main benefit of this method is that one can determine the optimum parameters of the reclamation process in a simple, efficient, and cost-effective manner. The L4 (23) Taguchi design is used to optimize the following process parameters: (1) weight of the Fuller's Earth adsorbent, (2) stirring speed, and (3) oil temperature. These parameters are optimized in order to minimize the AC breakdown voltage, total acid number, and dynamic viscosity of the reclaimed transformer oil samples. The signal-to-noise ratios are determined for each process parameter in order to identify the significance of each factor on the three output responses. Based on the results, the oil temperature has the most significant effect on the AC breakdown voltage whereas the weight of the Fuller's Earth adsorbent has the most significant effect on the total acid number and dynamic viscosity of the reclaimed transformer oils. Tests are carried out to verify the results using the optimum reclamation process parameters and indeed, it is found that there is significant improvement in the mean AC breakdown voltage, total acid number, and dynamic viscosity for the reclaimed transformer oil compared with those for the used transformer oil. It is believed that this method can be an indispendable tool to determine the optimum parameters for the reclamation process without going through the hassle of trial and error associated with conventional experimentation.


This paper presents an information-entropy based metric for combined evaluation of resolution and noise properties of radiological images. The metric is expressed by the amount of transmitted information (TI). It is a measure of how much information that one image contains about an object or an input. Merits of the proposed method are its simplicity of computation and the experimented setup. A computer-simulated step wedge was used for simulation study on the relationship of TI and the degree of blur as well as the noise. Three acrylic step wedges were also manufactured and used as test sample objects for experiments. Two imaging plates for computed radiography were employed as information detectors to record X-ray intensities. We investigated the effects of noise and resolution degradation on the amount of TI by varying exposure levels. Simulation and experimental results show that the TI value varies when the noise level or the degree of blur is changed. To validate the reasoning and usefulness of the proposed metric, we also calculated and compared the modulation transfer functions and noise power spectra for the employed imaging plates. Results show that the TI has close correlation with both image noise and image blurring, and it may offer the potential to become a simple and generally applicable measure for quality evaluation of medical images.


A novel method to improve the phase coherence of optical pulse train with wavelength conversion based on cross-phase modulation and four-wave mixing effects in high nonlinear fiber is proposed.The method is experimentally demonstrated and the phase coherence of the pulse train from the mode-locked fiber laser is greatly improved.The improvement of the pulse quality is characterized in time and frequency domain.


This research aims to identify appropriate regression models and suggest relevant space-ecological variables for scrub typhus disease occurrence analysis in Korea. This study expects to provide theoretical backgrounds for anti-epidemic measures of scrub typhus disease. Statistical tests for three different regression models, such as ordinary least square (OLS) model, spatial error model (SEM), and eigenvector spatial filtering model, present that the eigenvector spatial filtering model performs best. The analysis results show that six covariates (fall temperature, fall precipitation, fall humidity, fall NDVI, and paddy farm population rate) are statistically significant predictors for scrubtyphus disease occurrence. Meanwhile, the OLS model indicates that rice farming population rate is the most significant factor in the covariance analysis. From the study, we concluded that socioeconomic factors are relatively more influential determinants of scrub typhus occurrence compared to environmental variables.


ABSTRACT This study is carried out to analyse the effects of the parent training program for the prevention of child abuse and neglect, on the awareness and understanding levels of parents, and is based on the parallel mixed method pattern, with a study group comprised 30 parents who are members of the lower-middle class. Within the framework of the study, a Parent Training Program for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ParentsCAN) comprised of six-sessions was designed on the basis of existing literature and experts' comments. The data collection tools employed in the study are the 'Personal Information Form', the 'Awareness and Understanding Test' applied with the parents before and after the program sessions, the 'Researcher's Diary' and the 'Session Evaluation Form'. It was observed that the parents enrolled in the ParentsCAN exhibited increased awareness and understanding levels. Furthermore, a further test applied eight weeks later to assess the permanence of the effects of the program showed that the parents still exhibited increased awareness and understanding levels. In the light of these findings, it is evident that the program had positive and lasting effects on the awareness and understanding levels of parents.


Objective The risk factors associated with premature delivery were analyzed and the measures to prevent premature delivery were explored. Methods Two hundred full-term deliveries and 212 premature deliveries including 134 spontaneous premature deliveries and 78 compelled premature deliveries during Jan. 2002 through May 2005 were compared to analyze the risk factor of premature delivery. Results Maternal age did not vary significantly between the full-term delivery and premature delivery group. Factors associated with premature delivery included frequency of prenatal examination, frequency of previous induced abortion, pregnant-induced hypertension, fetal distress, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, multiple pregnancies, antepartum hemorrhage and fetal abnormal presentations. The preceding risk factors of compelled premature delivery were pregnant-induced hypertension, fetal distress, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, multiple pregnancies. The major risk factors for spontaneous premature delivery were premature rupture of membrane and idiopathic premature delivery. Conclusion There are multiple risk factors associated with premature delivery, and spontaneous premature delivery and compelled premature delivery have different risk factors; the key issue to reduce the incidence of premature delivery is to attach attention to perinatal care, improve the management of high risk gestation and establish guidelines to prevent complications.


To measure the aircraft model attitude in the spin time,a method based on stereo vision is presented.We get the attitudes from a set of man-made signs on the surface of the model.From a pair of figures of the signs,their disparities are computed out.The design of the signs and the computation of the attitudes are presented in this paper.The man-made signs have good identifiability and the anchor points are accurate.Finally,the data of experiments to determine the aircraft model attitude are provided.Through the experiments,it can be concluded that the process of the computing is satisfactory, achieving high robustness.The measurement shows that the method discussed is useful for the experiments in the vertical wind tunnel.


In no field of engineering has advance been so rapid as in aviation. In 50 years the aeroplane has advanced from a primitive contraption of wood and canvas to one of the most complex pieces of mechanism in use today.


Chitosan was prepared by chemical process using snow shrimp shells as raw materials.The process was optimized by orthogonal experiment and the influences of two different decalcifying reagents were studied.Some indexs,such as productivity,viscosity,average viscosity molecular mass and degree of deacetylation were determined.As a result,all indexs of the process which used nitric acid as decalcifying agent were lower than the process which used hydrochloric acid as decalcifying agent except productivity.Lastly,structure characterization of chitosan was analysed by infra-red spectrum,thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry.


Radical heterocyclizations triggered by electron transfer to amide-type carbonyls, using SmI2 -H2 O, provide straightforward access to bicyclic heterocyclic scaffolds containing bridgehead nitrogen centers. Furthermore, the first radical heterocyclization cascade triggered by reduction of amide-type carbonyls delivers novel, complex tetracyclic architectures containing five contiguous stereocenters with excellent diastereocontrol.


Multilane roads in high level-of-detail (LoD) datasets normally represent the constructed high-level roads of urban road network, which have large capacity of transportation and form the pattern of urban movement flows. They are crucial elements for many modern applications such as traffic planning, location-based services (LBS) and emergency evacuation. Nowadays, more and more Volunteered Geographical Information (VGI) with high LoD but low data quality control (DQC) is available, in which the multilane attributes are usually not explicitly stored in data attributes. The existing method (e.g. Yang et al. 2011) is low efficient to extract reasonable multilane roads if the data quality is low. Therefore, a different strategy improving the effectiveness/efficiency needs to be defined.


A new boric agent with bridged structure, boric acid D, was first synthesized and used as an excellent chiral derivative agent for highly efficient enantiodiscrimination of various diols. The derivatization reaction is fast and complete, easy to operate and has high accuracy in measurement of ee values. The characteristic split NMR signals are well-distinguishable with a large chemical shift nonequivalence (up to 0.39 ppm).


This is a report on a case of 2 concurrent neoplasms of different histology within the same kidney: a renal cell carcinoma and a transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a patient affected by chronic renal failure due to abuse of phenacetin. There was also a transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.


The article describes the efforts which are being made and have been made during the last few years to modernise local roads (class IV). The approach to the solution of this problem (begun eight years ago) by the united forces of the whole republic and with a programme fixed beforehand by the highest republic authorities, presents a unique example in the whole country. Although only a part of this action is shown in this report, which is assuming proportions of a broad national movement, results can be clearly seen and they can be of use to others interested in solving economic and social questions of the rural areas. (TRRL)


This paper describes and validates a new and improved universal theory of the Poisson bracket. A simple coordinate-invariant system of simultaneous linear algebraic equations is presented, by which both the Poisson bracket and its Fermi-Dirac counterpart can readily be calculated for Lagrangian dynamical systems with arbitrarily complicated constraint structure.


Abstract : The objective of this Memorandum was to develop aircrew work-rest guidance that dealt with the jet lag issues associated with deployments across time zones. It was hoped that this guidance could be used by operational commanders to determine when best to deploy their crews. The calculations in this Memorandum were based upon the U.S. Department of Defense Sleep, Activity, Fatigue, and Task Effectiveness (SAFTE) applied model. The SAFTE applied model integrated the effects of length of prior wakefulness, amount of sleep and circadian rhythm. This applied model was implemented in the Windows program, Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST(trademark), NTI Inc., Dayton, OH), which was used to make the calculations and to draw the figures shown in this Memorandum.


Abstract A reliability enhancement scheme for an electric distribution system is impossible to be cost-effective without the guidance of accurate reliability index estimations. As one of the widely used basic reliability indices, average interruption duration is of foremost concern, due to being a straightforward indicator of the electric power supply quality in the aspect of customer satisfaction to the incident response capability of electric utilities to outage events. This paper proposed an analytical distribution system reliability evaluation method that allows for considering stochastic load point interruption durations together with stipulated network reconfiguration constraints. Through case studies on the Roy Billinton Reliability Test System, advantages of the proposed method over a traditional section technique-based reliability evaluation method are discussed. The proposed method is validated to yield more realistic estimations in the case of considering stochastic interruption durations and post-fault network reconfigurations, thus is expected to be capable of supporting economical system reliability-enhancing decision-making.


This paper reviews a new wall press walking in-pipe robot. The provided design method is based on pneumatic actuators. This mobile robot can move in pipe of 300 mm diameter. In the first part of this paper, we explain the locomotion principle of the robot, and then we present the design method of the wall press walking in-pipe robot parts.


Problem

Cancer is a rapidly growing public health problem because of rising incidence and prevalence, complexity and soaring costs. Approach: Slovenia decided to propose cancer as the main health topic of its Presidency to the Council of the European Union amidst its own lengthy discussion on its National Cancer Control Programme (NCCP). Even if the two actions were not directly linked, it was clear that initiating structured and …