Metal halide perovskite (MHP) semiconductors have driven a revolution in optoelectronic technologies over the last decade, in particular for high‐efficiency photovoltaic applications. Low‐dimensional MHPs presenting electronic confinement have promising additional prospects in light emission and quantum technologies. However, the optimisation of such applications requires a comprehensive understanding of the nature of charge carriers and their transport mechanisms. This study employs a combination of ultrafast optical and terahertz spectroscopy to investigate phonon energies, charge‐carrier mobilities, and exciton formation in 2D (PEA)2PbI4 and (BA)2PbI4 (where PEA is phenylethylammonium and BA is butylammonium). Temperature‐dependent measurements of free charge‐carrier mobilities reveal band transport in these strongly confined semiconductors, with surprisingly high in‐plane mobilities. Enhanced charge‐phonon coupling is shown to reduce charge‐carrier mobilities in (BA)2PbI4 with respect to (PEA)2PbI4. Exciton and free charge‐carrier dynamics are disentangled by simultaneous monitoring of transient absorption and THz photoconductivity. A sustained free charge‐carrier population is observed, surpassing the Saha equation predictions even at low temperature. These findings provide new insights into the temperature‐dependent interplay of exciton and free‐carrier populations in 2D MHPs. Furthermore, such sustained free charge‐carrier population and high mobilities demonstrate the potential of these semiconductors for applications such as solar cells, transistors, and electrically driven light sources.


Based on the main objects the focal points and the new domains of agricultural development in the world, we analyse and Summarize ten new trends of the development.


Certification of teachers that has lasted more than a decade aimed to produce professional teachers, thus impacting significantly to the advancement of education in Indonesia. But the reality in Tasikmalaya, West Java, it is very much different from the expectations. The majority of teachers are even more concerned about the increase of social status than the professional quality as an educator. More recently the government has implemented Teacher Competency Test (UKG), which was held simultaneously throughout Indonesia with the aim to determine the ability of teachers' pedagogical and professional competencies. The purpose of this study was to determine the mapping of the teachers' competency by rank, domain competence, academic qualification, age, gender, and see the difference in results UKG based certification status. Outputs resulting from this study were (1) to map the results UKG mathematics of junior high school in Tasikmalaya, (2) to formulate recommendations or proposals regarding the improvement of the UKG (3) to formulate recommendations or proposals of the sustainable planning of professional development for teachers. The method used in this research were studied documentation, interviews and questionnaires open. The mapping of UKG results can be used as consideration in evaluating the program especially in what improvements need to be prioritised. By using the techniques of interviews and open questionnaire, was expected collect information of the effect of UKG for the teachers.


The "Ponte delle Grazie" is a three span bridge, with a total length of 72 meters, built between 1948 and 1952 in Faenza, Italy. The reinforced concrete main beams of the deck have undergone a strong deterioration over the years. In detail atmospheric agents and chemical aggressions caused a strong deterioration of the concrete, up to the point of making the structure not accessible and at risk of collapse. In fact, the five main beams were heavily damaged, as well as the concrete bearings were strongly compromised. So, an urgent intervention was necessary to save the structure of this historic bridge. A delicate restoration has allowed to remove the deteriorated concrete and to restore the resistant sections with new materials compatible with the old remaining structures. In particular, a specific rehabilitation procedure was studied using fiber-reinforced cement mortar with low elastic modulus, that is shrinkage compensated, in combination with composite materials reinforcements. Without modifying the structural behaviour of the bridge, the deteriorated concrete was restored and reinforced, in a sustainable way, in order to make the structure safe and usable again.


Abstract : This multi-disciplinary research project investigates the capability and performance of a novel concept termed Smart Mesoflaps for Aeroelastic Transpiration (SMAT), which will provide mass and momentum transfer to control shock/boundary-layer interactions (SBLIs). Such flow control can be critical for supersonic mixed-compression inlets which have impinging oblique-shocks. The SMAT concept consists of a matrix of small flaps (sub-millimetric in thickness) covering an enclosed cavity. These flaps are designed to undergo local aeroelastic deflection to achieve proper mass bleed or injection when subjected to impinging oblique shocks. The resulting system is designed to efficiently reduce and prevent flow separation caused by SBLIs. The expected pay-offs in aircraft performance are a lighter, smaller, and more robust bleed system for supersonic inlets with reduced compressor-face inlet distortion. This study closely integrates experimental and computational investigations of the SMAT concept in relevant SBLI flowfields. The numerical studies employ an aeroelastic finite element code to investigate the physics between the supersonic turbulent boundary layer, the subsonic cavity flow, and the deforming mesoflaps. These analyses are coupled to advanced shape-optimization techniques such that mesoflap design can be optimized for a given flow condition. The resulting methodology is being used to guide the fabrication of the mesoflaps using both conventional metal alloys and smart materials. Aerodynamic experiments will be conducted for various flap arrays to investigate fundamental flow phenomenon and measure aerodynamic performance.


Consider a first order typed language, with semantics $S$ for expressions and types. Adding subtyping means that a partial order $<$; on types is defined and that the typing rules are extended to the effect that expression $e$ has type $t$ whenever $e$ has type $s$ and $s<t$ We show how to adapt the semantics $S$ in a simple set theoretic way, obtaining a semantics $S'$ that satisfies, in addition to some obvious requirements, also the property that: $S'~s$ is included in $S'~t$, whenever $s < t$.


A collection of 16 extraordinarily rich essays by specialist authors, Seeing from Above explores the rhetorical complexity, cultural significance and various instrumentalities of aerial visuality a...


A 52-year-old man was emergently admitted to our hospital for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) showed left ventricle (LV) dilatation (LV end-diastolic volume: LVEDV 287 mL) and severe LV systolic dysfunction (LV ejection fraction: LVEF 18%). Coronary angiography showed no stenosis or obstruction. Endomyocardial …


This article concerns the effect of rising traffic levels in China. Traffic is a planning issue: if an endless cycle of road building is to be avoided, the use of advanced infrastructure is essential. The increasing importance of traffic as a concern is demonstrated by changes in legislation, bringing traffic management breaches to the level of a civil offence. Rapidly expanding cities had already introduced stricter legislation. Many cities are importing new, advanced traffic control systems, but as the working sequences vary from city to city, confusion can arise. Statute law in the future must be developed to give a clear picture of what is expected from drivers. Co-ordination between law enforcement and administrative agencies is necessary for efficiency; building planning must take into account the traffic generated and account for road building accordingly. Traffic control systems have achieved visible results in reducing journey time. Parking in urban areas is a problem, mainly of congestion. Again, relevant law is required, and good management strategy, involving the provision of large parking lots, multi-storey car parks, and roadside parking. Public transport, especially underground and light rail systems, would be cost-effective, and bus routes should be set aside.


Abstract The aim of the study was the assessment of the influence of EM-A preparation on the properties of soil structure of medium and fine texture. Soil material for the incubation experiment was collected from humus arable horizons of four mineral soils: Gleyic Chernozem (soils A, B and D) and Haplic Fluvisol (soil C). The experiment was conducted in containers of 2000 cm3, where soil material of about 3 kg was placed and three doses of EM-A were added. After a 12-month incubation, aggregates of 1 cm3 were cut out. Their basic physical properties (density, porosity) were determined, as well as the parameters which characterize the structure: dynamic and static water resistance, secondary aggregation after dynamic and static water resistance and capillary water capacity. The effect of additions of EM-A was not significant for majority of analyzed soil properties.


In 2013, the Federal Communications Commission facilitated 14 experimental broadband Lifeline projects proposed by wireline and wireless broadband providers around the country. The projects tested consumer responses to a range of issues, including preferences for speed, the effects of different levels and types of discounts, and the effectiveness of different methods of outreach. In order to focus on the unconnected, participants could not have subscribed to broadband service within the past 60 days. In practice, the vast majority of them had never had broadband.The most consistent result was unexpected: an extremely low participation rate. Wireline providers and mobile providers (except those in Puerto Rico) managed to sign up less than 10 percent of the number of participants they had expected despite extensive outreach efforts. Puerto Rico mobile providers met their participation goals probably because of mass-market television advertising. These results demonstrate the difficulty of encouraging low-income people without connections to sign up even with large discounts, suggesting that subsidies are likely to go to people who already subscribe rather than working to close the digital divide.The trials also revealed subscribers' willingness to trade off speed for lower prices, with subscribers regularly choosing plans that offered less than 10 Mbps, which is the FCC's current required minimum for rural broadband subsidies. Because faster broadband typically costs more, higher minimum speeds are likely to blunt the (already likely low) beneficial effects of subsidies by increasing the price of eligible plans.Finally, subscribers generally expressed a preference to avoid digital literacy training classes. In one project, many participants were willing to forego an additional $10 per month savings or a free computer in order to avoid taking those classes. However, those results do not necessarily mean digital literacy training is not, or could not be, beneficial. The data from the pilot programs (weakly) show that those who took such classes were somewhat more likely to continue to subscribe once the subsidies expired. While that may reflect a self-selection effect, it nevertheless suggests that digital literacy training can plan a role. Still, the results also suggest that digital literacy training should be studied further to evaluate which aspects of it are most effective.


The experimental conditions for the extraction of thorium by using PMBP as extractant and 234Th as tracer in the nitric acid solution were investigated. Based on the experiments, a chemical procedure used for rapidly separating thorium from the natural uranium irradiated by 18O ions was developed. The r spectrum of the thorium fraction shows that the most of the reaction products, especially U, Ce and I can be completely removed by using the procedure.


INTRODUCTION: Morphological changes in cells are connected with important phenomena such as cell spreading, motility, activity, and potentially even differentiation. For this reason, there is a demand for label-free, real-time techniques as complements to conventional fluorescence microscopy and patch clamp methodology. It is especially attractive to screen properties of cells based on monitoring of global cell properties (e.g. electrical or mechanical). Recently quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) has been employed successfully in e.g. cytotoxicity assays [1], or to detect cellular responses in response to growth factors [2]. Here, reversible changes in QCM-D responses were induced in fibroblasts by the cytomorphic agent cytochalsin D.


Background and Purpose— Functional polymorphisms (Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly) in ADRB1 have been associated with cardiovascular and &bgr;-blocker response outcomes. Herein we examined associations of these polymorphisms with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), with and without stratification by &bgr;-blocker treatment in patients with a history of stroke. Methods— Nine hundred and twenty-six participants of the SPS3 trial's (Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes) genetic substudy with hypertension were included. MACE included stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause death. Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used. Because the primary component of MACE was ischemic stroke, we tested the association of Ser49Gly with ischemic stroke among 41 475 individuals of European and African ancestry in the NINDS (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) SiGN (Stroke Genetics Network). Results— MACE was higher in carriers of the Gly49 allele than in those with the Ser49Ser genotype (10.5% versus 5.4%, log-rank P=0.005). Gly49 carrier status was associated with MACE (hazard ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–2.68) and ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–3.23) in SPS3 and with small artery ischemic stroke (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.26) in SiGN. In SPS3, &bgr;-blocker-treated Gly49 carriers had increased MACE versus non–&bgr;-blocker-treated individuals and noncarriers (hazard ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–3.45). No associations were observed with the Arg389Gly polymorphism. Conclusion— Among individuals with previous small artery ischemic stroke, the ADRB1 Gly49 polymorphism was associated with MACE, particularly small artery ischemic stroke, a risk that may be increased among &bgr;-blocker-treated individuals. Further research is needed to define &bgr;-blocker benefit among ischemic stroke patients by ADRB1 genotype. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00059306.


This chapter investigates the two-way traffic between To-Day and To-Morrow and modern literature and the arts. The preliminary section considers three outstanding volumes: Scheherazade; or, The Future of the English Novel (1927) by 'John Carruthers'; Geoffrey West's Deucalion; or, The Future of Literary Criticism (1930), which contrasts John Middleton Murry with I. A. Richards; and John Rodker's The Future of Futurism (1926), which discusses Anglo-American literature. It argues that the series' largely undervalues modernism, and barely attends to the visual arts or to modern music. It surveys the volumes dealing with English, poetry, drama, music, and censorship. The major section is devoted to other ways in which the series is relevant to modern and modernist literature, looking at how other writers responded to it. It turns out the series was followed by a surprising number of important literary figures. The key case studies here are Robert Graves, Aldous Huxley, Joyce, Eliot, Lewis; and Waugh.


One of the main objectives to take into account at the marketing procedures of a product is the provision of the guarantee to the clients in terms of what they want to buy or consume. The platform under development in this project comprises a two stage product: a complex protein microarray system that generates a full immunoglobulin profile of the patient and a cell basophil system that working on top of the array will identify the allergic interaction. In this project the Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for the data processing analysis was established. Further the best mathematical model was optimized in order to classify, patients who presented immunologically related problems. It was used like marketing´s plan.


........................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... viii Authorship Declaration: Co-Authored Publications........................................................ ix Additional Publications ................................................................................................. xiii List of Conference Oral Presentations ........................................................................... xiii Nomenclature................................................................................................................. xiv Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Lubrication Theory ................................................................................................. 4 1.2.1 Background ...................................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Types of Lubrication ....................................................................................... 7 1.3 Ionic Liquids ......................................................................................................... 12 1.3.1 Properties and Applications ........................................................................... 12 1.3.2 Ionic Liquids as Lubricants ........................................................................... 14 1.3.3 Ionic Liquids as Lubricant Additives ............................................................ 21 1.4 References ............................................................................................................ 27 Chapter 2: Ionic Liquid Adsorption & Nanotribology at the Silica–Oil Interface ......... 33 2.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................. 34 2.2 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 34 2.3 Experimental ......................................................................................................... 35 2.4 Results and Discussion ......................................................................................... 35 2.5 Supporting Information ........................................................................................ 40 2.5.1 Materials and Methods: ................................................................................. 40 2.6 References ............................................................................................................ 45


A crucial issue in sheet stamping optimization problems is related to the process robustness improvement: critical scattering in the investigated performances arises due to some noise variables influence, often evolving up design failure itself. In fact, strong variations in the final stamped part or fluctuations of strain distribution may lead to an uncontrolled process design. Such variability cannot be controlled but anyway it is possible to develop proper design tools able to identify robust process calibrations above which the noises variations effects are admissible. In this paper, a multi‐objective optimization problem was analyzed, with the aim to minimize both excessive thinning and springback occurrences in a sheet stamping process of an aluminum alloy. In fact, major stamping operations are characterized by conflicting goals to be accomplished, introducing a further difficulty in the process variability control. Two kinds of robust design approaches were compared, a hybrid deterministic‐stochas...


To address the recent need for improved efficiency in thick plate welding, a high-current buried-arc welding system has been developed. In a high-current buried-arc welding process, it is necessary to adequately evaluate the thermal effect of high heat input on the welded joint. The mechanical properties have been verified 1) , and in the present study, we focused on observing microstructures. In some regions of the weld metal in the joint welded through high-current buried-arc welding, a characteristic metallographic structure was observed in which the macrostructure appeared extremely coarse. However, this coarse macrostructure was assumed to be a trace of the prior γ grain; the actual microstructure mainly consisted of fine intragranular idiomorphic ferrite and acicular ferrite. These two types of ferrite are known to precipitate at different temperature ranges; thus, their mixed structure is extremely characteristic and is formed because of high heat input.


1. Notes on the Notes 1 2. Origins 1 3. Gauss Hypergeometric Function 2 3.1. Beta integral 2 3.2. Gauss hypergeometric function 3 4. Review of D-modules 5 4.1. D-modules and flat connections 7 5. The general Euler integral 7 6. Defining the general GKZ hypergeometric system 8 7. Holonomicity, Fourier Transform and Singular Locus 9 8. Constructing solutions at infinity 11 9. Irreducibility of M 14 10. The case of a product of linear factors 15 References 16


Summary form only given. A cw tunable infrared spectrometer based on the difference-frequency generation (DFG) in a nonlinear crystal AgGaS/sub 2/ (l=25 mm, noncritical type I phase matching) was constructed. The system was designed for the wavenumber region around 1900-2100 cm/sup -1/. In this spectral region the molecular gases like, CO, N/sub 2/O, and NO, have pronounced absorption lines excluding interferences from the major atmospheric gases.


Abstract On the basis of neuroiinaging studies, Posner & Raichle summarily report that the prefrontal cortex is involved in executive functioning and attention. In contrast to that superficial view, we briefly describe a testable model of the kinds of representations that are stored in prefrontal cortex, which, when activated, are expressed via plans, actions, thematic knowledge, and schemas.


Children with cerebral palsy (CP) experience not only motor disabilities but other, emotional, communicative, and social impairments. The relationship between caregivers (usually mothers) and CPs as well as their communication patterns might also be impaired. Music therapy was found to be effective with CPs and dyadic treatment has been found to be effective in facilitating mother–child relationships. However, music therapy and dyadic treatment were never combined to address CPs and their mothers. We present the dyadic music therapy treatment (DUET) and report of a preliminary study that examined if it was effective. The DUET of one dyad was videotaped and subsequently analyzed according to the mixed methods approach. Qualitative analysis resulted in 10 types of communication patterns, seven being non-verbal, two musical, and one verbal. Twenty-two types of relationship were found, 17 being coordinated relationships and five uncoordinated ones. Analyzing the frequencies of these types across the DUET sessions showed that dyadic communication increased significantly, especially in the second half of the treatment. It was also found that relationship types became more coordinated as the treatment progressed. The functions of music in the DUET are discussed and recommendations for future research are provided.


A user often wants to do some tasks which don't need a specific time to complete but are important, due to busy routines and possible  memory  loss  problems  user  forgets  to  accomplish  such tasks  or  delay  them  to  manage  later.  The task may  be  about conveying some information to a person when the user meets him, sort things in his wardrobe, or locker, etc. A user can  meet the person  anywhere  or  anytime  so  he  cannot  set  a  reminder  for  a specific  time.  Such tasks can be accomplished if the user has a reminder system, which reminds him about the tasks at runtime. In this   paper,   we   present   a   reminder   system   based   on   speech recognition      &      speaker      identification;      personal      voice- controlled aid for  the  user  to  remind  about  the  tasks  when  some specific keyword/phrase is spoken  by the user  or user reaches a specific location so that the user can accomplish the important time independent tasks without being time-bound. The specified keyword can  be  anything,  person  name,  place  name,  and  any  phrase. The user can speak to the assistant to remind about some task without un- locking his mobile or opening the application for a specific keyword/phrase & location. When the specific keyword/phrase is spoken or user reaches the specific location the assistant also speaks and reminds the user about the task.  Voice reminder assistant supports Text-Independent Speaker Identification unlike other voice assistants already available.


Thirty-four acute traumatic dislocations in children aged 5 to 13 years, treated between 1994 and 2002, were reviewed retrospectively. All injuries were caused by a fall. Two injuries were compound. Two children had ulnar nerve injuries, one a radial nerve injury, and one median nerve and brachial artery injury. Posterolateral dislocations were seen in 22 children, posteromedial in eight, posterior in one, anteromedial in two and anterolateral in one. Pure dislocations occurred in eight children and 26 had associated elbow injuries, including 11 medial epicondyle, five lateral mass, one olecranon, one radial head and eight combined injuries. In the combined group, six children had associated fractures and two had divergent dislocation of the proximal radio-ulnar joint. Twenty required open reduction. The injury was initially missed in eight. The child with vascular and median nerve injury had not recovered by four months. Among the others, at follow-up of 4 to 48 months 22 results were excellent to good, 10 fair and one poor. Complications included pseudarthrosis of the medial epicondyle in one child and loss of flexion and rotation of 10° to 30° in 15. Radial and ulnar nerve injuries recovered. A high index of suspicion, good clinical examination and compared radiographs are recommended to avoid missed injuries.


In this paper a formula of fuzzy distance measure for fuzzy numbers is presented and also the metric properties of the proposed method are studied. Two numerical examples are illustrated for applying the method and the results of the modified method are compared with the previous methods.


This letter investigates streaming coding that places multiple repair packets between source packets to achieve in-order delivery over highly lossy links. While directly analyzing the deterministic placement of repair packets is difficult, a tractable random model is proposed and analyzed to show that a finite in-order delay is achieved. Using it as a guide of the insertion percentage, the delay is then shown to be further reducible by uniformly placing the repair packets, which suppresses the random variation.


As high grade bauxite is getting depleted in several parts of the world, bauxite with high iron content is becoming increasingly important, and this trend has called for studies into the reduction of iron in bauxite. This study investigated the use of microwave energy in the magnetising roasting of high-iron bauxite using sawdust as reducing agent. Mineralogical studies revealed gibbsite and goethite as the main constituents of bauxite. The sawdust utilised had a fixed carbon content of 7.2% and ash, 1.7%. Microwave heating responses of bauxite and sawdust were determined as a function of mass and time, and both materials proved to be active microwave absorbers as they heated rapidly. Magnetising roasting of the bauxite sample was conducted with 20-40% sawdust at temperatures between 870oC and 880oC. After magnetic separation, the major phase in the magnetic fraction was magnetite, while gibbsite and boehmite were the major phases in the non-magnetic fraction. The alumina content of the non-magnetic fraction increased to 87.5% from an as-received sample grade of 53.6%. The use of sawdust in this manner satisfies a dual role of environmental clean-up and bauxite enrichment.


A certain multiple integral occurring in the studies of
Beherens-Fisher multivariate problem has been evaluated by Mathai
et al. (1995) in terms of invariant polynomials. However, this
paper explicitly evaluates the context integral in terms of zonal
polynomials, thus establishing a relationship between zonal
polynomial integrals and invariant polynomial integrals.


Glacial retreat and the resulting isostatic land uplift together with the eustatic rise of sea level have determined the shore displacement around the Baltic Sea. Periods of damming and changes in the Baltic Sea outlet complicated the shoreline displacement at the end of the Late Weichselian and at the beginning of the Holocene. In the frame of the present research a shoreline displacement database of the Baltic Ice Lake (10 300 14 C BP), Ancylus Lake (9200 14 C BP), and Litorina Sea (7000 14 C BP) transgressional shorelines in Estonia, NW Latvia and NW Russia was compiled. Of the total 414 sites, comprised in the data set, 254 points come from Estonia, 110 points from the neighbouring areas of Russia and 50 from coastal NW Latvia. The data were interpolated to the linear surfaces using point kriging approach and after elimination of residuals higher than 0.4 m the isobases of the above-mentioned stages of the Baltic Sea were simulated. The reconstructed isobases show that shoreline tilting was steeper in the northwestern part of the studied area during the Baltic Ice Lake and Ancylus Lake stages; this can be partly explained by hinge-lines. The variability of the uplifted shoreline azimuth has increased towards modern time, being most changeable during the Litorina Sea. The uplift gradient direction was quite irregular during the Ancylus stage. The uplift gradient magnitude was highest in North Estonia and NW Latvia, especially during the Baltic Ice Lake stage, obviously caused by differences in tectonic activities. The obtained new data refer to fairly uneven and inconsistent uplift of Estonia during the early Holocene, caused partly by the tectonics. geological structure and hydro-isostasy.


A three-dimensional sensor that achieves 50 microsteradian resolution over a 90 X 40 degree field of view (FOV) at full video frame rates has been designed for robotic vehicles. A combination of coarse and fine range resolution provides sensing from one to approximately 100 meters with short-range accuracies of less than 10 cm. The system utilizes an eyesafe diode laser configuration along with proprietary mechanical scanning elements, wide-field relay optics, and avalanche photodiode detectors. Range determination is accomplished with dual subcarrier modulation which results in the output of an unambiguous, binary word on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The approach also provides for electronic pitch stabilization.


The semiclassical (classical path) theory is formulated for an atom colliding with a symmetric top molecule. Cross sections for rotational excitation of NH3 colliding with 4He are calculated and compared with numbers obtained from exact quantum, coupled states, and other semiclassical calculations. The validity of the semiclassical coupled states approximation is investigated.


Until recently, Russian spirlin found on the territory of the Udmurt Republic was indicated as a subspecies of the riffle minnow Alburnoides bipunctatus rossicus Bloch, 1872. According to osteological and morphometric parameters it is According to food spectrum Russian spirlin may be considered a typical polyphage. The feeding habit of Russian spirlin from Cheptsa River is a high ecological plasticity. This allows it to use the various food items, in developing mass, regard-less of their nutritional value and the location of the river channel (river bottom or the water column). In the ab-sence of zooplankton or its low concentration, the juvenile spirlin uses drift of benthic invertebrates for food. Upon reaching sexual maturity spirlin mostly eats phytoplankton and zoobenthos. Due to this divergence in the diet of individuals Russian spirlin's intraspecific competition for food is weakened.


The general engineering situation,construction condition,construction standard and general arrangement of onshore scenic system engineering of Shanghai International Shipping Service Center Project,and the design characteristics,technical innovation of the dock basin,ship lock engineering and so on are expounded systematically.


Citrus farming is currently a main sector in Africa in general, particularly in the sub-Saharan region. Citrus farming in Cameroon has been expanding since the cocoa crisis and thanks to its financial and economic benefits. The research aim was to evaluate the parasitism of Loranthaceae on citrus trees in the Mongo department. Direct observations were made in the canopy of 796 citrus trees in seven arrondissements, and included species identification, and the Loranthaceae species growing on their foliage. Alive and dead tufts were numbered to estimate parasitism density and mortality rate. Five species of Loranthaceae identified on six citrus species. Tapinanthus predominated with three species, T. bangwensis T. preussii and Tapinanthus sp. Phragmanthera capitata was the most frequent (75.37%), and T. preussii was scattered (2.33%). The highest mean parasitic density was obtained in T. bangwensis has the higher parasitic density (5.76±5.17 tufts/tree), followed by Helixanthera mannii (5.42±4.13 tufts/tree). The highest rate of parasitism was obtained on C. maxima (89.77%), and the highest natural mortality rate of Loranthaceae was on C. medica (12.5%). Loranthaceae have already greatly expanded in Citrus, it recommended to set up a monitoring system to protect the yields.


In this paper, the problem of mission planning with UAVs for urban surveillance is studied. The target is to guide a group of UAVs equipped with cameras to fly over an urban area (possibly hostile) to provide complete surveillance coverage in an optimal manner. The camera, mounted on gimbals fixed to the UAVs, has the capability of panning and tilting. Thus, not only the trajectory of the UAVs, but also the schedule for orienting the camera axis needs to be provided in the mission plan. The problem is solved with a two-stage approach. In the first stage, a set of candidate camera configurations (location + camera axis) are identified. The sum of coverage of these camera configurations forms a super set for covering the target area. In the second stage, the optimal set of camera configurations, called the vantage set, is constructed from the super set. On one hand, the vantage set ensures complete coverage. On the other, it also leads to lowest flying cost with the available UAVs. Evolutionary algorithms (PSO and GA respectively) have been developed for optimization in both stages. Different fitness functions have been established to deal with situations with/without enemy presence.


Because of his improvident father, Harry Kenrick left England for the Victorian goldfields before moving to the South Island of New Zealand. In 1865, he settled in the West Coast to begin a lifetime career of working for the government. In addition to his official duties, he was involved in mining and assisted to develop the district, becoming involved in disputes that foreshadowed his experiences at Thames. Appointed as resident magistrate for Poverty Bay in 1877, his work was praised, as it had been on the West Coast, but two years later he was abruptly moved to Thames to become both magistrate and warden after the forced resignation of his predecessor, William Fraser. The latter's career is examined, as is how his clique hated Kenrick for replacing him; but most residents welcomed a man whose decisions were seen as fair and just. Fraser retained support amongst many in the community, becoming mayor and then a member of parliament, but continued to snipe at Kenrick, supported by a small number of malcontents, who made his life difficult. In his determination to make his subordinates perform their duties satisfactorily, Kenrick provoked conflict with Hugh McIlhone, Inspector of Miners' Rights, and James Monteith McLaren, Inspector of Mines. They were supported by two prominent Thames residents, Louis Ehrenfried, a brewer and local government politician, and George Nathaniel Brassey, a solicitor, who spent years trying to undermine Kenrick for their own personal advantage. In 1880 and 1885, two petitions to remove him failed miserably, as his reputation both locally and with the government and its officials had


153 in that it defied God's law of civility and killed too many innocent civilians. Unlike their conservative evangelical colleagues who viewed the lost missionary opportunities as a way to support U.S. policy in Vietnam, the evangelical left stated that their calling and biblical interpretation led to a fight against the "injustice and violence" of the U.S. government and other leading American institutions. They also felt called to denounce American materialism and articulated a vision of leading a simpler, and therefore biblical, way of life. Swartz concludes with an assessment of why the evangelical left failed in many of its endeavors and ultimately was pushed aside by conservative evangelicals. Ironically, much of its difficulties had to do with the very diversity it championed. The disparate theologies and political views made the evangelical left almost impossible to unite with a clear message, while conservative evangelicals had a greater consistency of outlook that coalesced their objectives. Too, the disconnect of the left from more "traditional" liberals in America as they secularized muted the evangelical message in those circles. A tour de force in American religious history, no scholar attempting to study contemporary America should miss out on Swartz's study.


The context of e-Democracy provides a wide variety of concepts, methodologies, initiatives and case studies. Implementing an e-Democracy project with relevant success involves dealing with a large spectrum of knowledge aspects, the political, the societal, the technological and the managerial being among them. Although there is a plethora of implemented e-Democracy initiatives, the necessity of the depiction of best practices and potential threats in the process of designing, developing, implementing and managing an e-Democracy application is still there. This study attempts to draw significant and reusable conclusions on the decisive factors that are hidden behind the success or failure of an e-Democracy application or initiative, through a combination of literature research and case studies analysis.


This paper poses methodological and ethical questions on the measures adopted by the human development index (HDI) data in assessing development in Africa, with particular emphasis on human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). It is a well-known fact that these measures are great indicators of development or otherwise. The central position of the paper is that given the difficulty in collecting data reports on Africa, how accurate and reliable are the HDI standards in measuring the spread of HIV and AIDS in Africa? The crux of the argument is giving the cultural deficit of most African societies as well as the HDI measures and standards it deserves thorough assessment.

 Key words: HIV/AIDS, human, development, culture.


Summary form only given. The authors present a study of the technological and competitive capabilities of the Venezuelan manufacturing firms which is based on a model of managerial dynamics. This model takes into account a group of variables related to the strategy of the firms as well as variables related to techno-managerial and innovation capabilities. The variables studied correspond to internal factors of the firm related to the stock of resources of all types accumulated by it. What is important to stress is that they can be controlled through active managerial behaviors. According to the model, a competitive firm is one whose strategy, capabilities and performance are coherent with the key aspects of market success.


Cotrimoxazole, an antibiotic that combines sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, can cause hyperkalaemia (1). Co-administration of cotrimoxazole with other drugs that can increase potassium levels, such as angiotensinconverting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs, alias sartans), can lead to severe hyperkalaemia with a risk of cardiac arrhythmia (1). In late 2014, a Canadian team published the results of a complex casecontrol study involving 1110 case patients aged 66 years or older who were taking an ACE inhibitor or an ARB and who died suddenly within 7 days after receiving an antibiotic prescription for urinary tract infection. They were compared with controls with various similar characteristics, but who survived after taking one of the same antibiotics (1). The antibiotic in question was cotrimoxazole in 288 cases. The risk of death within 7 days was statistically significantly higher with cotrimoxazole than with amoxicillin (relative risk 1.83; 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 2.2). Amoxicillin was chosen as the comparator because it is not known to cause cardiac disorders or hyperkalaemia (2). A second analysis focusing on the 14-day period after antibiotic prescription provided similar results (2). Compared to the control group, there was an excess of three sudden deaths per 1000 cotrimoxazole prescriptions (2). Co-administration of two or more drugs known to cause hyperkalaemia can have fatal adverse effects. Practitioners should be aware of these drugs (including cotrimoxazole), avoid their co-administration, and carefully monitor serum potassium levels if co-administration is unavoidable. ©Prescrire


The research was conducted aiming to determine the effect of financial literacy on household financial inclusion with social networks as a moderating variable for the poor in Blora Regency. This research is a quantitative descriptive research where the research subjects are the poor people of Blora Regency, amounting to 391 respondents. Sampling was carried out using probability sampling with stratified random sampling technique. The process of collecting data is carried out by means of a questionnaire or questionnaire which is distributed to every house that has received a lottery number as a sample. The validity test technique uses the pearson product moment correlation formula. Data analysis used is hierarchical regression using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The research results obtained include. First, financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on the financial inclusion of poor households in Blora Regency. Second, social networks have a positive and significant impact on the financial inclusion of poor households in Blora Regency. Third, social networks strengthen the relationship between financial literacy and the financial inclusion of poor households in Blora Regency.


High-end embedded systems, like their general-purpose counterparts, are turning to many-core cluster-based shared-memory architectures that provide a shared memory abstraction subject to non-uniform memory access (NUMA) costs. In order to keep the cores and memory hierarchy simple, many-core embedded systems tend to employ simple, scratchpad-like memories, rather than hardware managed caches that require some form of cache coherence management. These "coherence-free" systems still require some means to synchronize memory accesses and guarantee memory consistency. Conventional lock-based approaches may be employed to accomplish the synchronization, but may lead to both useability and performance issues. Instead, speculative synchronization, such as hardware transactional memory, may be a more attractive approach. However, hardware speculative techniques traditionally rely on the underlying cache-coherence protocol to synchronize memory accesses among the cores. The lack of a cache-coherence protocol adds new challenges in the design of hardware speculative support. In this paper, we present a new scheme for hardware transactional memory support within a cluster-based NUMA system that lacks an underlying cache-coherence protocol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first design for speculative synchronization for this type of architecture. Through a set of benchmark experiments using our simulation platform, we show that our design can achieve significant performance improvements over traditional lock-based schemes.


This paper begins with the analysis of international prejudicial act's nature,and elaborates the legal basis of act from three aspects.Firstly,on duty occurring basis,the paper objects to liability of fault,reserves liability without fault,and approves of strict liability.Secondly,it points out breach of international duty is the legal basis of international prejudicial act.Finally,it agrees with principle of equity from party in and without default.


This paper,taking Dongshan Park's botanical landscape planning in Qianxi County,Hebei Province for example,proposed a point line area structure of the systematic plant landscape planning.It would create a unique charm of the city park plant landscape from the scenic spots extends to the road and the entire landscape area.


IPSec is a suite of protocols that adds security to communications at the IP level. Protocols within the IPSec suite make extensive use of cryptographic algorithms. Since these algorithms are computationally very intensive, some hardware acceleration is needed to support high throughput. We discuss a scheduling algorithm for distributing IPSec packet processing over the CPU with a software implementation of the cryptographic algorithms considered and multiple cryptographic accelerators. High-level simulations and the related results are provided to show the properties of the algorithm. Some architectural improvements suitable to better exploit this scheduling algorithm are also presented.


Two way relay networks are generally used in OFDM wireless systems, where relay nodes pass the information from sources to destination nodes. High PAPR, BER and out-of-band distortion in relay nodes are three drawbacks in this network topology. In this paper a cross correlation block is located in the relay node to reduce the PAPR and BER value and suppress the out-of-band distortion in the relay output. Our simulation shows that the proposed method is superior to a new research article in terms of PAPR, BER and power spectral density as 1 dB, 1 dB and 6 dB, respectively.


Scientists from Africa, South America, and South Asia are more rarely consulted than their peers in the Global North. A new database aims to change that.


A cost-effective method for quickly evaluating the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of electrolytic capacitors is proposed. This approach has the ability to measure the low ESR of milliohms level, meanwhile provide the pulsed testing current up to hundreds of amperes. Therefore, this method is suitable for fast inspecting the quality of bulk capacitors. The operational principle, circuit implementation and the calibration method are presented, and the performances of the prototype are tested, which validate the proposed scheme.


A new-type porous strucutre, named 'KAMINARI-OKOSI' struture, was succesfully prepaerd utilizing both aquaous gel-casting slurry and resin filter and measured their pore size distribution, air permiability, bending strength and electrical conductivity. The slurry compositon contained pore former such as carbon, nickel caobonate to induce relatively small pore in calcinated body. On the other hand, a resin filter immersed into the slurry also acted as an another pore former and left relativery large pore after calcination. By the contribution of these two different vanishing materials, obtained porous body was consist of large porous sphericals bonding together and realized a bi-modal open-pore size distribution showing relatively large size pore (around 10 × 10-6m) and ordinary size pore (around 10-6m). After reduction at 1073K in H2, Ni/YSZ cermets having the ′KAMINARI-OKOSI′-type structure were allowed to high air permiability, and which made possible to fire at high temperature and to obtain high bending strength. This porous body having ′KAMINARI-OKOSI′-type structure was combined with a porous body having conventional porous structure, named ′KARUME-YAKI′-type one, to make thin YSZ electrolyte layer on the surface of porous body with ease and form a number of 3-phase interface site as active catalytic points. Splendid characteristics of the porous body combined ′KAMINARI-OKOSI′-type and ′KARUME-YAKI′-type structure in ratio of 6:4 by thicness were obtained as follows: air permiability of around 10-7m4·kg-1·Sec-1 at room temperature, 3-point bending strength of 34 MPa at room temperature and electrical conductivity of around 104S. m-1 at 1073K.


The present work is aimed toward understanding the effect of flow boiling stability on critical heat flux (CHF) with Refrigerant-123 (R-123) in microchannel passages. Experimental data and theoretical model to predict the CHF are the focus of this work. The experimental test section has six parallel microchannels with each having a cross sectional area of 1054 × 157 µm 2 . The effect of flow instabilities in microchannels is investigated using flow restrictors at the inlet of each microchannel to stabilize the flow boiling process and avoid the backflow phenomena. This technique resulted in successfully stabilizing the flow boiling process as seen through a high-speed camera. The present CHF result is found to correlate to mean absolute error (MAE) of 24.1% with a macroscale empirical equation by Katto [13]. A theoretical analysis of flow boiling phenomena revealed that the ratio of evaporation momentum to surface tension forces is an important parameter. For the first time, a theoretical CHF model is proposed using these underlying forces to represent CHF mechanism in microchannels, and its correlation agrees with the experimental data with MAE of 2.5%.


An effective field model based on intrawire and interwire dipolar interactions has been developed in order to describe the magnetic anisotropy in arrays of homogeneous and multilayer nanowires. Variable angle ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) characterization techniques were used to determine the effective interaction field acting on Ni, CoFeB, and Ni/Cu nanowires. FMR spectra are well described by a rigid magnetization model and VSM data are in rough agreement with a mean longitudinal field model. FMR and VSM values of the effective fields are mutually consistent and in fair agreement with the values calculated with the model. The results show that the anisotropy of our arrays is strongly dominated by the dipolar interactions.


The article examines the transformation and modification of the image of Sofia in the sories of poems cycle by Alexander Blok "Verses about the Beautiful Lady" and the collection of poms by Andrei Bely "Gold in Azure". The author shows that the image of Sophia Celestial is represented in the works of poets-symbolists at all levels of religious and poetic consciousness, viz. at religious and mystical, ordinary and philosophical ones. It is noted that the image of Sophia, borrowed by the young symbolists from the philosophy of V. Solovyov, is associated in the poetry of A. Blok with the cult of Eternal femininity, and in the creativity of A. Belyy – with solar symbolism. KEY WORDS: Sophia, motive, religious-philosophical consciousness, sophiology. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rh.v22i0.1635


We evaluate two mitigation strategies for urban heat island in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area (KCMA). Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, we assess the potential benefits of highly reflective cool roofs and urban irrigation on urban air temperature in typical summer conditions between 2011 and 2015, and also during six of the strongest historical heat wave events over the past 12 years (2005 – 2016). Under the typical summer conditions, we simulate near-surface (2-m) air temperature for 10 summer weeks, finding average daytime (07:00 – 19:00 local standard time) temperature reductions of 0.08 and 0.28 °C for cool roofs and urban irrigation, respectively. During the six heat-wave episodes, we also find similar daytime temperature reductions of 0.02 and 0.26 °C for the two scenarios compared to those of the typical summer conditions. Our results suggest that urban irrigation can be more efficient than cool roofs in mitigating the urban heat island in metropolitan regions where the majority of the urban land cover is comprised of areas with low urban (i.e., non-vegetated) fractions. Finally, we find the alteration of land surface conditions due to enhanced roof albedos impacts local meteorology and precipitation patterns within the WRF simulation, in particular during the heat wave periods. Further research would be necessary to determine the robustness of this last finding.


Polycrystalline, tetragonal (t′) zirconia samples containing 3 and 4 mol% yttria were fabricated by annealing pressureless-sintered samples in air at ∼ 2100°C for 15 min. The grain size of these fully tetragonal samples was on the order of 100 to 200 μm. Domain structure of the samples and of a 3-mol%-yttria-doped tetragonal zirconia single crystal was examined by transmission optical microscopy under polarized light and by transmission electron microscopy. The orientations of the domain/colony boundaries were in accord with the predictions of group theory. As-polished surfaces of polycrystalline t′ materials showed no monoclinic phase even after 1000 h at 275°C in air. By contrast, conventionally yttria-doped tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ceramics of grain size >0.5 μm showed substantial transformation. Surface grinding enhanced the resistance to degradation of Y-TZP but decreased that of t′ materials. Even then, the t′ materials exhibited better resistance to degradation than the Y-TZP ceramics. Excellent resistance of the t′ materials to low-temperature aging despite a very large grain size and the opposite effect of grinding on phase stability are all explained on the basis of ferroelastic domain structure of these materials.


Abstract The research relied on two basic and new concepts, starting from the first concept of condensed, which is divided into four different types, where the relationships between them were studied, as well as their relationship to the concept of I-dense, I-irresolvable and other basic concepts in the ideal topological spaces. The second concept is the I-extremal disconnected, and we have shown relationship with the first concept.


This study investigated the influence of advertising on sports apparel purchasing decisions of young Malaysians based on gender, usage pattern, and purchasing style. The study involved administering questionnaires to two hundred and forty-eight randomly selected students from the Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation (N=248). The results showed a significant difference based on the gender and quality element (p<0.05) of perception towards advertising. In addition, there was a significant difference in quality element (p<0.05) of perception towards advertising based on usage pattern. This research found that young Malaysians' perception of advertising on sports apparel purchasing style significantly differs for all three domains of design, quality, and brand. This study will help entrepreneurs and marketers identify the dimensions of customers' perception towards advertising to improve the quality in the future. Further research should enlarge the scope of sports apparel and combine cognitive and affective factors, such as emotional responses and online trust that impact the effects of advertising on purchase intention.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we argue that the current insurgency and counterinsurgency discourse is dominated by concepts that are too narrow and too isolated from the wider civil war literature within which insurgency and counterinsurgency occur. Rather than accounting for the complex political processes and wide range of forces and actors that shape conflict dynamics, the dominant insurgency and counterinsurgency debate tends to reduce highly messy contexts to a competition between the often false dichotomy of insurgents and counterinsurgents, usually understood as the state versus one or more non-state violent actors. In order to understand civil war contexts like South-Central Somalia, we argue that orthodox reductionist concepts and assumptions underpinning the dominant insurgency and counterinsurgency discourse provide limited value. Building on recent critical literature, the paper proposes a refined conceptualization. Instead of understanding insurgency and counterinsurgency as peculiar forms of war, strategies, or sets of guerilla tactics, we follow Jaqueline Hazelton's line of thought, suggesting that insurgency and counterinsurgency are mere elements of a broader process of violent order-making. Thus, insurgency and counterinsurgency are, in our view, comprehensive processes of organized challenge to and consolidation of established political order within the context of civil war.


The risk of tumor recurrence is currently the focus of clinical attention in the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This study focuses on the identification of novel prognostic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signatures for tumor recurrence in PTC.


Introduction. Erythema infectiosum (EI) or fifth disease is 1 of the most common pediatric exanthematic diseases; caused by B19 parvovirus. Clinical and epidemiological data of a group of children with EI, confirmed by 2 serological methods, are described in this work. Material and methods. This is a prospective, descriptive study carried on a 1 year period in the dermatology department of a children's hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Clinical, epidemiological, and dermatological data were collected in a previously designed database. Patients with characteristic lazy and reticular rash were included. A blood sample was taken to all patients during the acute phase of exanthema; IgM immunofluorescent assay (IgM IFA Biotrin®), and capture ELISA confirmatory method (MACEIA-FIOCRUZ) were performed. Results. Serology was positive in 28 patients, 17 were female, age ranged from 2 to 13 years with a media of 8.03 years; most cases were seen in spring. Erythema was universal in 18 cases, progressive cephalo-caudal in 22; except itching and adenopathy no systemic changes were observed. Conclusions. The epidemiological and clinical findings in a group of Argentinean patients with EI, were similar to those informed in the literature.


The results from three year's continuous experimental study on the alfalfas of introductory varieties show that the alfalfa varieties with fall-dormancy grades 2~5 are suitable to be cultivated in north of North-China Plain, meanwhile some countermeasures must be taken to enhance the survival rate in winter; the varieties with fall-dormancy grades 6 and 7 can not be spread out; the three varieties Haygarzer, Vector and Key can be harvested from 4 to 5 crops annually, and are suitable to be cultivated in Beijing area; the alfalfas survive safely in summer in Beijing area, but some prevention measures must be taken to resist plant diseases and insect pest; the relation between the output and accumulative temperature of alfalfa is linear in that sowing year, and logarithmic in the following years.


Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) can provide a high-speed and flexible communication link for underwater platforms. This paper introduces the basic structure of a UWOC link and points out the optimization schemes for a UWOC system. Absorption, scattering, and turbulence will affect the performance of a UWOC system. A comprehensive study of channel characteristics can guide the design of transmitters, receivers, and related signal processing technologies. The performance of UWOC can also be optimized by multiplexing technologies, single-photon detection technologies, and alignment systems. A comprehensive test platform could provide a necessary test environment for further sea trials and the practical applications of UWOC. The paper is expected to serve as a guideline for researchers related to UWOC.


Area navigation (RNAV) and required navigation performance (RNP) are key components of performance-based navigation (PBN). Instrument procedures that use RNAV and RNP can have more flexible and precise paths than conventional routes that are defined using ground-based navigation aids. As a result, RNAV and RNP routes can enhance operational safety, efficiency, and access. At the United States Department of Transportation Volpe Center, we are identifying and documenting human factors issues associated with implementing PBN instrument procedures for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). This effort supports the FAA's transition to the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) by providing recommendations to promote easier and more reliable use of PBN instrument procedures. In this paper, we explain why human factors research is needed and provide examples of research issues. For example, new procedures may result in increased visual complexity of charts, which in turn could increase pilot workload and the potential for error. We are also conducting analyses and experiments to understand and improve the usability of aeronautical charts for PBN instrument procedures. Our work in this area is summarized in this paper. More information can be found at www.volpe.dot.gov/coi/hfrsa/ahf/ip/library.html. The website has links to our latest research products. It also supports other human factors research teams by listing and summarizing publicly available reports on related topics.


The conventional description of high energy proton-nucleus collisions in terms of an intranuclear cascade and compound nuclear decay (the two-step model) breaks down at projectile energies E/sub p/>10 GeV. Unusual backward enhancements are found in the angular distribution of heavy fragments (Sc, Cu) from uranium targets. This effect is explained in a fast breakup model of deep spallation/cleavage processes. The observed backward emission originates in the competition between (backward-directed) Coulomb repulsion and (forward-directed) momentum components from recoiling nucleons.


Heat transfer is the science that seeks to predict the energy transfer that takes place between material bodies as a result of a temperature difference. When designing an electric motor, the study of heat transfer is as important as electromagnetic and mechanical design. However, due to its three dimensional nature, it is generally considered to be more difficult than the prediction of the electromagnetic behaviour. For this reason, and the fact that the majority of designers have an electrical rather than mechanical background, thermal analysis is usually not given as much emphasis as the electromagnetic design. This paper presents the thermal model simplified of Per manent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) with radial flux for electric vehicle (EV) application. The thermal design technique used is the analytical lumped circuit. The equivalent circuit of the motor is implemented and simulated with MATLAB simulator. Simulations by Motor-CAD software were made in order to shows the accuracy of the proposed thermal model.


Viewed as quasi-judicial supervision mechanism,the implementation mechanism of the United Nations international human rights treaty is an important part of the nine core human rights treaties.The paper analyzes the defects of the implementation mechanism of the treaty and lists effective measures and suggestions by the United Nations in recent years.Through the discussion on the relationship between the defects of the implementation mechanism of the treaty and fragmentation of international law,the paper indicates that in order to strengthen the implementation mechanism of the treaty,we should improve the work efficiency of treaty bodies,develop the fulfilling capability of contracting parties and reinforce the conversation between treaty bodies and contracting parties under the existing treaty system.


This study employed a quantitative content analysis in order to examine the framing of visual images of conflict and violence in television news programming from five transnational satellite news channels that broadcast to/from the Arab world Al Jazeera, Al Jazeera English, Al Arabiya, Alhurra, and BBC Arabic. Comparisons were conducted between the individual networks, and between two dimensions of network taxonomy western (BBC Arabic, Alhurra, and Al Jazeera English) and liberal commercial (Al Jazeera and Al Arabiya). The images form 6,595 shots were examined using a five category coding scheme for conflict and violence. Results show that liberal commercial Arab networks news outlets that broadcast from the Arab world to an international audience displayed more conflict visuals than western networks, which broadcast from the west to an Arab audience. Violent imagery was also more explicit on liberal commercial networks. However, most of the visuals displayed on both types of Arab media did not focus on conflict at all, indicating that fear of a violent Arab media may be an over-reaction.


The 90° V type 6-cylinder diesel engine has been widely applied in military and communication.The problem of high vibration and noise stand out when the request of environmental protection is strict increasingly.In order to solve this problem,starting with its internal stimulation load,a general formula used in analyzing inertial force system balance is deduced and set up.Taking certain 90° V6 diesel engine as example,its possibility is studied on decaying and improving the internal stimulation load with split-pin crank shaft.The result shows that split-pin crankshaft can greatly improve inequality of its overturn torque,which is the most efficient technological measurement to reduce vibration and noise.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role for α4 in cell transformation induced by chemical carcinogens. METHODS:Immunoblotting was performed to examine the expression of α4 in chemical-transformed cells and tumor cell lines. Stable cell lines L02R-α4 and L02R-SHα4 were generated by infecting L02R cells with retroviral vectors encoding α4 or lentiviral α4 shRNA,respectively. Cell proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth were examined in these cells. Immunoblotting analysis was applied to measure the phosphorylation status of p70S6K1 and 4E-BP1,which were the key members of mTOR pathway in established cells and transformed cell models L02RT-AFB1,HepG2,and SMMC with or without rapamycin treatment. RESULTS:The protein expression of α4 in chemical-transformed cells and tumor cell lines increased by 1.9-5.9 fold compared with non-transformed cells. Immunoblotting results verified that L02R-α4 and L02R-SHα4 cells were successfully established. Ectopic expression 389of α4 promoted cell growth and led to cell transformation. Notable increased phosphorylation levels of S6K1(Thr) and 37/464E-BP1(Thr) were observed in transformed cells where α4 was overexpressed. Upon rapamycin treatment, phosphorylation of p70S6K1 and 4E-BP1 declined significantly in all cells. Particularly,the effects were more profound in L02R-SHα4 cells. CONCLUSION:Overexpression of α4 promoted cell proliferation and induced cell transformation via activation of mTOR signaling pathway.


In this study, the rheological properties of UV-curable ink were investigated. UV flexo/gravure-type suspension of carbon black in liquid medium containing various binding materials, such as acrylate pre-polymers, di-/multi-functional monomers, and diluents, were used as sample inks. Two types of carbon black, and three kinds of pre-polymer were individually used as ink components. The five kinds of inks were prepared to characterize their rheological properties on a rheometer in terms of steady and dynamic behaviours. In addition, we evaluated the relations between the flocculated structures and nonlinear viscoelastic properties of the inks. We found that because the carbon black particles had extremely high surface activity and absorbed various substances on the particle surface, they easily agglomerated with each other and then conformed to the denser three-dimensional network structure.


This paper evaluates its institutions privilege men to the disadvantage of women in society, using the interpretative and deductive methodology. Stella Oyedepo is a feminist playwright who creates strongchallenge patriarchal beliefs and values which hemline them. She does not believe in the superiority of either of the sexes and is in strong opposition to sexual injustice meted out to undertaken the challenge of the feminist scholar to find the ground to argue effectively for the end of cultural/sexist oppression of all women. All deleterious traditional cultural practices aff were carried out in the pristine past. As a feminist, she is guided by the tenets of African feminism. Man is not the measure of humanity but men and women are. It is therefore imperative for a life of comp a more harmonious existence and societal development


: Fine grain bronze-bonded diamond grinding wheel is usually used in ultra-precision machining of hard and brittle materials, but it is difficult for dressing because of the high hardness of the diamond and the strong adhesion of bronze-bond. Inner-flushing curved electrodes are used in electrical discharge dressing of W10 fine grain bronze-bonded diamond grinding wheel. The experimental platform is set up and three different degrees of inner-flushing curved electrodes are designed. The Keyence VHX6000 3D microscope, roughness profile measurement instrument, CCD laser displacement sensor and meter and SEM are employed to investigate the surface micro topography, profile of dressed grinding wheel and grinding test. It is found that improvement of inner-flushing of 60 ° -curved electrode is best and the protrusion of diamond grains on surface of after dressing is clearly observed with uniformly distribution and unburned during electrical discharge dressing; the minimum circular runout error can reach 1.7 μ m, 1.8 μ m and 1.8 μ m. It is also verified by grinding experiment that surface roughness by grinding wheel with 60 ° -curved electrode is Ra 2.273 nm, which can reach the high quality level of ultra-precision mirror grinding. *


Previous studies of the disinfectant action of glycerol have for the most part been conducted in relation to its supposed destructive action on invading organisms in vaccine virus. M. J. Rosenau made an exhaustive investigation of the subject in 1903 and concluded that "Glycerol has distinct but very feeble germicidal and antiseptic properties." F. R. Blaxall reported a similar study in 1902-3. his work including only one concentration of glycerol, 50 per cent. More recently G. Mathers and G. H. Weaver have noted the remarkable viability (14 to 30 days) of various micrococci and streptococci in 50 per cent. glycerol suspension, and the persistence of the organisms for 90 days on blood agar lightly covered with 50 per cent. glycerol. Our own work was undertaken in connection with the study of the specific effects of salt solutions upon the permeability of bacterial cells, and in connection with this investigation the effect of glycerol in concentrations varying from 9.2 per cent. to 100 per cent. has been determined, Bacillus coli being the test organism. The glycerol used was an analyzed commercial preparation (Merck) with maximum limits of foreign substances .1814 per cent. The analysis showed absence of carbonizable matters, and heavy metals. Pure, ammonia free water was used in making solutions, and for the controls. Glycerol solutions of varying concelitrations (9.2, 27.6, 46.0, 64.4, 82.8, 100 per cent.) were made up in 50 and 100 c.c. portions. Young cultures of B. coli (16-20 hours) were washed from agar slants with 2-3 c.c. of the test solution. One c.c. of this suspension was added to the bottles of the solution, and after dilution, agar plates were made. The solutions were incubated at 37°, one c.c. portions being removed at definite time intervals and plated after dilution.


Changes in the health care environment are revitalizing the role of hospital administrators. Consequently, executive search firms are expanding their activities from the boardrooms of corporations into those of not-for-profit hospitals. But if you don't want to pay the search firms' prices, you can still benefit from some of their strategies.


This research proposes an automated explanation system of the technical terms with voice recognition for career support. When students do not understand complicated career related words,they cannot reach consensus in the discussions. This system support teachers'instructions intelligently in group learning. When students have inadequate knowledge,teachers need to intervene the discussion for giving further knowledge. However,the teacher cannot intervene with many groups at a time. Therefore, we provided a system to support students rather than teachers in group learning. We experiment to analyze the effect of the automated learning support for words in the job posting sheet at auto-teaching. This experiment compares students who use this system and those who does not use the system. The students discussed the problem on the job posting. We found that the experimental group had a higher score than the controlled group. There was a significant difference between two groups. Results show that the system adequately teaches terms,and there was a prominent effect on students learning. ◎


European nase (Chondrostoma nasus) is a specialist riverine fish, characterised by a complex life cycle making it vulnerable to habitat degradation. Recent findings indicate that, analogously to salmonids, the interstitial zone quality may pose a serious bottleneck for successful recruitment of this species. In this study, nase eggs were exposed to different substrate qualities. First, standardised substrate mixtures with differing fine sediment additions were used. Second, we tested different homogenous gravel fractions for their influence on egg development and emergence success. In both setups, substrate composition significantly affected emergence success, timing of emergence and larvae size at emergence. In the substrate mixtures, emergence was most successful in substratum with no fine sediment addition (98%) and decreased to 55% in substratum with 20% fine sediment addition. Emergence was most successful in the coarsest fraction (93%) and decreased to 47% in the finest fraction. Over all treatments, the time between hatching and emergence from substrate differed by up to 156 degree days, thereby indicating that free embryos of nase use the shelter of the interstitial zone for early ontogeny. These results suggest that a loose and porous stream bed can positively contribute to the development success of eggs and larvae and thereby potentially improve the recruitment of nase populations. It is thus important to consider the substrate and interstitial conditions in the conservation and restoration management of this rheophilic cyprinid.


Higher vocational campus culture creation is an elementary,strategic and forward looking work.By analyzing the connotation,characteristic and the necessity,the article attempts to get the proper approach in building the campus culture.


Alumina nanoparticles or (Al2O3 NPs) have been prepared by electrolysis method and deposited using drop casting method on glass and porous silicon (PS) substrates as thin films. Electrochemical etching of p-type silicon wafers was used to prepare nanocrystalline porous silicon. The structural and morphological properties of Al2O3 NPs were investigated by XRD, AFM and SEM techniques, respectively. The optical energy band gap of Al2O3 nanostructure (NSs) has been determined from its optical properties and it was around 3.6 eV. TEM has been used to investigate the nanoscale morphology of Al2O3NPs and showed the grains had a spherical shape and it confirmed the nanometric size of the prepared NPs. PS's XRD pattern revealed that it had a single crystalline structure, whereas it was amorphous for the Al2O3 NSs. The nanometric scale of both Al2O3 NSs and PS was calculated by XRD patterns, it was about 34nm for Al2O3 NPs and about 90 nm for PS. The diffusion effect of the Al2O3NPs on the electrical properties of heterojunctions PS/Si was studied. Photovoltaic characteristics have been reported for Al2O3NPs/PS/Si Photovoltaic device. Ag/Al2O3/PS/Si/Al solar cell parameters were reported the efficiency of solar cell was 11.8% and F.F is 32.08 %. Ag/Al2O3/PS/Si/Al Photodetector heterojunctions have two peaks of response the first one located at 350 nm and the second at 850 nm with maximum responsivity of 0.8A/W.


The capability to measure velocity distributions using Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) has given rise to much data that were not measurable with previous velocimetry techniques. In our PDV measurements on explosively driven metals, we have often seen a single velocity disappear in a wide distribution of velocities. We have attributed this to HE gases, metal pieces, or a mix emerging from cracks in the metal after it fails. However, we are unaware of any experiments that demonstrate this interpretation. We have applied X-rays, cameras and PDV to explosively driven powders, balls and brass rings and found PDV spectra similar to what we observed in our experiments in which the metal fails. We present these spectra to help workers interpret their velocity spectra.


Aiming at the disadvantage of current geometry correction algorithm for UAV remote sensing image, a new algorithm is proposed. Adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) and RBF neural network are introduced into this algorithm. And combined with the geometry correction principle for UAV remote sensing image, the algorithm and solving steps of AGA-RBF are presented in order to realize geometry correction for UAV remote sensing. The correction accuracy and operational efficiency is improved through optimizing the structure and connection weight of RBF neural network separately with AGA and LMS algorithm. Finally, experiments show that AGA-RBF algorithm has the advantages of high correction accuracy, high running rate and strong generalization ability.


. Frequency of the repeated implantation failure (RIF) in assisted reproductive technology programs remains to be high, reaching 50-75%. Intrauterine administration of autologous mononuclear cells before embryo transfer is a technique for the RIF immunocorrection being used in assisted reproductive technology programs. Direct effect of mononuclear cells upon implantation was first studied in 2006 and showed that intrauterine administration of autologous cell culture supernates upon intrauterine administration affects the efficiency of assisted reproductive technology programs in the women with RIF. Hence, the data obtained may allow us to develop a personalized approach to usage of various immunotherapies in assisted reproductive technology programs for the patients with a history of repeated implantation failure.


A synchronization processing apparatus includes: a jitter amount calculating section that calculates a jitter amount on the basis of a synchronization packet including time information; and a frequency synchronization determining section that calculates an accumulation value of the jitter amounts, and determines whether frequency synchronization is present from the accumulation value.


This paper describes large fractionation facilities, with the presentation divided into two parts: 1) Plant Design Considerations, and 2) Typical Operating Problems. Both sections of the paper draw on the experience that Cities Service Company has acquired in the design and operation of its three fractionation facilities located in Kansas, Texas, and Louisiana.


Thermoluminescent dosimetric topaz properties have been investigated and the results have shown that this mineral presents characteristics of a good dosimeter mainly in doses evaluation in radiotherapy with photons beams in radiotherapy. Typical applications of thermoluminescent dosimeters in radiotherapy are: in vivo dosimetry on patients (either as a routine quality assurance procedure or for dose monitoring in special cases); verification of treatment techniques; dosimetry audits; and comparisons among hospitals. The mean aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of topaz-Teflon pellets as thermoluminescent dosimeters in high-energy electron beams used to radiotherapy. Topaz-Teflon pellets were used as TLD.


|In this paper, a planar wideband antenna array with wide scanning angle in both E - and H -planes is proposed. The dipole antenna is used as an essential element of the array. To enlarge the scanning angle of the array, two layers of frequency selective surface (FSS) superstrates are loaded on the top of the antenna elements. A conducting-patch with shorting pins is loaded under the unit patch to enlarge the bandwidth of the array. Both simulated and measured results have con(cid:12)rmed that the proposed antenna array can scan up to 85 ◦ and 70 ◦ in the E - and H -planes from 8 GHz to 11 GHz, respectively.


The application of GPU to accelerate large-scale smoke simulation is a hot research topic in computational fluid dynamics. However, the current smoke parallel computing methods for different scale smoke flow field, there are some problems, such as the need to manually adjust some algorithms, task allocation does not consider the difference between the nodes computing power. In order to meet the adaptive requirements of smoke parallel computing, a distributed smoke simulation system with adaptive task partitioning is designed. The computing power of nodes and the transmission cost of data exchange are fully considered. The problem of boundary data synchronization is solved and the correctness of parallel computing results is ensured.


The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption of education systems, from elementary and secondary schools to colleges and universities. This situation also affects the education conditions at the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. Teaching process has been transferred from full-time to distance learning in virtual space. The main goal of the paper was to analyze how students of economics study programs mastered mathematical topics in conditions of distance learning. Correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U test were used to identify relations and significance of differences between points obtained in preliminary written assignments as well as the overall study results. In both research groups, taught in Slovak and English, results showed strong correlations between the number of points in exam test and the total number of points. In the English taught group the second strong correlation was confirmed between the total number of points and the points sum for all preliminary assignments


for the Development of Transportation Terms with Bahasa Indonesia Sign Language System Photography Book as Learning Tools for kids with Hearing Impairment in TKLB-B Karya Mulia Surabaya.Today, education has been developed rapidly. However, there are still kids with disabilities. Hence, they need better understanding from special designed book for hearing impaired kids in the learing process.This particual book has to be developed using Bahasa Indonesia Sign Language System methods so that the kids would be motivated in studying and can achieve their dreams. Keywords : Ilustration, Design, SIBI, Transportation


Low strength magnetic fields, 6.36 and 32.25 gauss, were found to have no effect, with one questionable exception, on the circadian rhythm and growth rate of Neurospora crassa. This was true whether the fields were continuous, pulsed 20 minutes daily, or on a 12: 12, on-off cycle.


"Double" or "mixed" fungal infections occur with a small hut definite frequency. In 1979, Crozier and Searls1 reported that dermatophytosis infections due to more than one dermatophyte per patient occurred in two to three per cent of cases. However, the chance occurrence of both a husband and wife having double trichophytosis must be very unusual. We have had such a case and, interestingly, the two species of Trichophylon were not the same two for both husband and wife.


Nowadays there is an acute problem of shortage of natural raw materials for the production of building materials, due to rapidly evolving tempo of construction. In this regard, the urgent task of building industry – is refocusing companies on consumption of anthropogenic materials. The most large-capacity raw material is byproducts of mining, and in particular waste of wet magnetic separation (WMS / MMC), formed by the ore benefication. On the territory of the Russian Federation Kovdorskoye deposit is one of the largest of this type and it is located on the Kola Peninsula. Study of the composition and properties of the WMS waste, as well as a comparative analysis with other sands of anthropogenic origin, which are currently used in the manufacturing of building materials, showed the possibility of application of this raw material as a component of the composite binder, which would reduce the amount of binder as the most expensive and energyintensive material without reducing the strength of the final product.


Background: Neurologic complications of multiple myeloma (MM) are numerous, however little is known about strokes occurring in the course of MM and its treatment. Methods: 2877 MM patients were seen for an initial evaluation at our institution over a 5-year period (1998–2002). Patients were identified using discharge summaries by combining ICD-9 codes for MM and stroke. They were included if they had clinical and radiological features of acute stroke. Ischemic stroke was defined as a new acute neurologic deficit lasting > 24 hours, irrespective of diffusion-weighted MRI results. Diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke was made in patients with new acute neurologic deficit plus evidence of hemorrhage on CT scan. We retrospectively reviewed medical records for demographics, type of MM and treatment, stroke type, clinical features, relevant imaging and laboratory data, and outcomes. Results: The 11 patients that we identified included eight with ischemic strokes and three with subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH). There were no patients with intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The overall incidence of stroke in this cohort was 76/100,000 per year, whereas the incidence of ischemic stroke was 56/100,000 per year. The mean age of patients with ischemic stroke was 59 years. Seven had one or more stroke risk factors and an equal number had received thalidomide. The latter were given small doses of coumadin as part of the treatment protocol; at the time of the stroke, INR range was 0.9–1.4. Based on clinical, radiological and other laboratory features, of the eight patients with ischemic strokes, two were presumed cardio-embolic (one had infective endocarditis), five were thrombotic, and one was caused by hypoperfusion. Two patients had findings of severe stenosis/occlusion in vessels corresponding to the infracted brain territory (internal carotid and basilar arteries). Two patients had documented normal plasma viscosity and three had evidence of extra-cranial thrombosis at the time of the stroke. In the three patients with SAH, hemorrhage occurred in the setting of trauma and thrombocytopenia, although one patient had an incidental anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Seven patients were left with minor or no deficits and four died, two in each of the groups. Conclusion: Overall, strokes did not appear to be more common in MM patients than in the general population, and the pathophysiology was likewise, not different than in patients without MM, with the exception of one patient with infective endocarditis, which is probably directly related to MM or its treatment. The highly selected referral population at our myeloma institute, and the retrospective nature of the study probably underestimate the incidence of stroke. The role of thalidomide in stroke remains unknown. Thrombocytopenia and trauma are probable risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage in MM patients. Fatal outcomes were frequent, but when death did not occur, the deficits were minor.


Following layer arrangement: a) Fluorine innermost layer made of a polymer molding material, b) polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene, the molding which are based on olefinic polymers selected from the group consisting of syndiotactic polypropylene and syndiotactic polystyrene an intermediate layer made of a material, c) having an inner lining having an outer layer made of a polyamide molding composition, in a flexible tube having a multilayer structure comprising a layer that is not bonded, particularly for hydrolysis layer composed of a polyamide molding composition It is effectively protected. Thus, this tube is particularly suitable for application in marine in the oil or gas transportation.


The quincentenary of Columbus's 1492 visit to America provided opportunities for scholars to engage in critical observation and observance of the event. The visit began the unended stream of voluntary crossings to the hemisphere and especially the United States. Similar crossings by blacks have been downplayed in American history; they have been located within the context of the slave trade, imposed segregation, and restricted movement. Even though, after emancipation, increasing numbers of persons immigrated to the United States from countries with predominantly black or racially mixed populations, their presence was less visible due to their relatively small numbers and their resemblance to and close association with the more numerous native-born black people. Since 1965, liberal legislation has led to increasing entry and heightened visibility of black immigrants, especially in urban and industrial centers of the country. There they bring greater ethnic diversification to the U.S. black population. These developmens challenge sociology to begin to address a complex future with expanding bases of ethnic encounters and differentiation and new possibilities for inter- and intragroup relations.


The article deals with problems of agreements restricting freedom of competition and their regulation in the European Union, Italy as a member state of the European Union and also in the Czech Republic. Attention is paid especially to the lists of prohibited agreements and also to exemptions from the prohibition of agreements.


This project's main goal is to develop a student's residence and activity center as a
way to build stronger community bonds among students, specially those whose main
residence is outside the city. Another of its goals is to promote among young people the
practice os extracurricular activities taking advantage of a wide offer that will be available in
the place where the project is being proposed.


Out-door learning activity in environmental education has been emphasized as an effective method in environmental education since the aims of environmental education emphasize students'value, attitude, actions as well as knowledge. In order to implement successfully out-door learning activity in env...


This blogs considers the case of Anne, recently reported to have received an assisted death at the Dignitas clinic in Switzerland because she was tired of life and the digital age. I reflect on the implications of this case and the question of whether it can be legitimate to permit assisted dying on the basis of such existential suffering.


: Wide variety of networks and active filters has acknowledged concentration in active resistor-capacitor networks (RC networks). Few of limitations in the linear filters, a unique combination of resistor (R), Inductor (I) and capacitors (C) and are not dependent on any external supply or in other words passive filters is entirely removed in active filters those are composed of active component such as an external amplifier to adjust the required gain. The current investigation to reduce the circuit by means of enhances the package density and the trustworthiness of the circuit as an important objective in the present study. It was almost impossible not to integrate the inductor with the experimental readings of inductance and reasonable Q factors. As RC filters can be realized with a Q value 0.5 and with this value it's almost impossible to fabricate a lofty selectivity filter.


Background: tibial plateau fractures can be of low or high degree. Fractures of low degree, corresponding to types I to III of Schafzker J classification, can be treated by means of reduction assisted by arthroscopy. Methods: an observational, descriptive study was conducted in Manuel Ascunce Domenech Teaching Hospital, Camaguey city from January 1st, 2013 to March 31st, 2014. The universe was composed of 32 patients, 11 of which matched the selection criteria. Results: the average age was of 46, 3 years. The ratio of male to female sex was 1, 75 to 1. Associated lesions of the meniscus predominated being present in the 54, 5 % of the patients. A statistical significance was found between the presurgical evaluations and the ones made 12 months later, according to Rasmussen PS and Lyshol J scales. Conclusion: reduction assisted by arthroscopy in patients w ith tibial plateau fractures type I to III, is an effective method from the functional point of view and to relieve pain. DeCS: ARTHROSCOPY; TIBIAL FRACTURES; TOMOGRAPHY, SPIRAL COMPUTED; MENISCI, TIBIAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY, DESCRIPTIVE. __________________________________________________________________________________


The invention relates to a method for the determination of fluid flows, wherein the ultrasonic pulses radiated into the fluid, and a fluid flow is detected from the impulse responses. It is provided that the irradiation direction changed by means of an ultrasonic phased arrays and the fluid flow is detected based on the impulse responses from different directions.


The diploma work deals with the theme of phraseological elements, which were created by means of modification of idioms and collocations using various techniques. The main aim of the thesis is to discover how these new phraseological elements work in the language, on which aspects their further usage is dependant and if they will stabilize and become part of a common and regular vocabulary of French language. We try to assess these new elements, which were assembled from various journalistic texts, from the point of view of the typology of the original expression. Thus we are interested in the linguistic components used in order to form the new expression, also the method and finally the linguistic context. It follows that we observe the influence of these factors.


ClusColl, an economical simulation method for droplet motions and collisions in turbulent flows, has been developed, implemented, tested, and applied. In the Linear Eddy Model, permutations called triplet maps representing individual turbulent eddies implement turbulent advection of fluid in 1‐D. This captures flow processes down to the smallest turbulent eddy (Kolmogorov microscale), but the inertial response of small Stokes number droplets to turbulence has important features at scales down to the droplet radius, notably sub‐Kolmogorov‐scale clustering of finite‐inertia droplets that can increase collision rates significantly. Additionally, shear due to the smallest scales of turbulence increases collision rates of zero‐inertia droplets. In ClusColl, a 3‐D triplet map for droplets captures both effects. We implemented collision detection, enabling simulation of droplet collisions and coalescence, and a sedimentation treatment in ClusColl. Published direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of monodispersions were used to tune parameters. For sedimenting droplets in turbulence, ClusColl's turbulent enhancement of bidisperse collision kernels agrees reasonably well with published DNS results. We compared ClusColl and DNS coalescence growth results. For weak turbulence (ε≤100 cm2/s3), ClusColl's turbulent enhancement of coalescence growth closely matches that of the DNS. For ε≥200 cm2/s3, lack of accurate collision efficiencies precludes definitive quantitative evaluation of ClusColl's coalescence growth. In a comparison of coalescence growth dependence on the droplet size distribution width and on turbulent enhancement, ClusColl indicates that the latter dramatically accelerates cloud droplet conversion into raindrops, while the former has significantly less impact.


gene-editing technique CRISPR modify the DNA of human human genetic engineering. scientists in the United used gene editing on human embryos, the announcement that the research is now being done in the United States makes a U.S. policy response all the more urgent. The scientists created 131 embryos that carried a genetic mutation that causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy—a condition that can lead to sudden and unexpected heart attacks but has few other symptoms—and attempted to correct the mutation in 112 of them (leaving 19 as unmodified controls). By injecting the CRISPR complex together with the sperm cells that carried the mutation, rather than injecting CRISPR into already fertilized embryos, the scientists were able to successfully correct the mutated genes in 72 percent of the embryos. Whether the embryos were successfully or unsuccessfully treated, all were destroyed after the researchers were finished with the study.