The sequence of the words that make up the title of this journal is deliberate. Territory comes first. A central idea underlying this journal project is that "territory and related spatial terms (place, space, and territoriality) offer a profitable theoretical lens through which to analyze the workings of governance and politics" (AGNEW 2013, p. 2). By making territory central to our theoretical enterprise, we hope to address crucial dimensions of politics and governance. Demarcating a bounded space is a foundational move as it prepares the ground for the exercise of governmental control. Sassen's recent work offers one illustration as it charts the mutual imbrication of new types of territory and new modes of governance. Global firms and financial networks actively work to construct their own cross-national jurisdictions in which they are shielded from state authority and profit from regulatory invisibility. Private global trading networks called "dark pools" are one example (SASSEN, 2013). Traders in these networks are anonymous and can effectively evade regulations that governments impose on public stock exchanges. Examples like dark pools are testimony to the dynamic and complex territorialities of today's financial-political governance. The importance of the construction of territorial shells for exercising power often escapes analysts of politics and governance because they implicitly assume that nationstates are naturally the players and containers of politics and governance. Some tenets of International Relations, notably realism, have elevated these common sense assumptions to the level of foundational theoretical premises. Other approaches, like game theory, do not have explicit assumptions about the spatiality of politics but make the problem disappear by abstracting away from geography. These approaches generate elegant models by only considering a limited set variables and specific types of motivations. Their generality is obtained by virtue of their abstraction from geography. There is thus something unsettling to territoriality – it mitigates against elegant abstraction and forces analysts to consider the geographical foundations of politics as well as the particulars of governance. While grounding analysis in geography brings to light crucial issues in governance and politics, it also raises vexing questions. Two of these questions run through the articles in this journal and this issue. The first question is how to define


Introduction: Hyponatremia is most commonly encountered electrolyte disorder in clinical practice. syndrome of inappropriate anti- diuretic hormone secretion (sIADH), most frequent cause of euvolemic hyponatremia, is an important element that increases risk for morbidity and mortality and indicates severity of primary disease. sIADH can be seen in many clinical conditions or as multifactorial. case report: A 64-years old male presented to our facility emergency department with the complaints of shortness of breath and abdominal pain. According to the assessment, Morgagni hernia was in the thoracic and abdominal computed tomography (ct). the patient was hospitalized in the general surgery service and taken to the operation for hernia repair. On day-2 after operation, he had low serum Na+ value (124 mEq/L (124 mmol/L)). serum Na+ value decreased


Th is edited volume was prepared from papers on Porphyry presented at a conference held at the Institute of Classical Studies, London, in July 2004. Th e past forty years have seen substantial changes in Porphyry studies and the contributors to this volume include some of the most prominent scholars in the fi eld today. Th e contributions vary greatly in style, scope, and strategy but are uniformly excellent in content. All show a high degree of historical sophistication in tracing Porphyry's infl uence on later ancient and early medieval philosophy, physics, psychology, and religion. George Karamanolis and Andrew Smith off er overviews of the Stand der Forschung on these topics [1-16]. Karamanolis notes that the study of Porphyry's metaphysics was initially motivated by interest in Plotinus but that Porphyrian studies have since moved beyond this singular focus [1-5] while Smith off ers horizons for a reassessment of Porphyry's signifi cance [7-16]. Both examine areas in which Porphyry's importance cannot be denied and each off er suggestions as to how we can assess anew his philosophical achievements and historical signifi cance. Steven Strange opens the volume with a traditional and singular Plotinian focus. Th e Sententiae ad intelligibilia ducentes, he notes, raise the issue of Porphyry's relation to Plotinus, particularly whether Porphyry endorsed Plotinus' metaphysical views on fi rst principles [17-34]. Strange shows that Porphyry largely followed Plotinus' theory of hypostases and that the only diff erences between the two philosophers occur when Porphyry attempts to explicate and expand Plotinus' fi rst principles. Th us, in Strange's view, Porphyry's identifi cation of the second hypostasis with the demiurge rather than with Nous echoes Plotinus' own sentence 'Nous is the demiurge for Plato' [Enn. 220.127.116.11]. Strange goes as far as claiming that Porphyry's identifi cation of the world soul of the Timaeus with Plotinus' third hypostasis: "as a whole is Plotinian and taken from a Plotinian text and it endorses Plotinus' theory of Hypostases as a reading of Plato's metaphysics" [26]. Riccardo Chiaradonna sees Porphyry's views on transcendent incorporeals and inseparable bodiless entities as paralleling Plotinus [35-49]. In this groundbreaking study, he argues against attempts to reduce Plotinus' and Porphyry's respective ontologies to their doctrines of fi rst principles and Soul alone. John Dillon's essay tacks in a diff erent direction. He claims that the Christian doctrine of the Trinity in the Cappadocian Fathers, particularly Gregory of Nazianzus, is largely inspired by the metaphysics of Porphyry [51-59]. Porphyry's formulation of the First Principle manifesting itself as a triad, Dillon argues, off ered a basis for putting the Trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit on a secure


The method of Mironenko's reflecting function is used for investigation of Riccati equations. The class of Riccati equations with certain-type reflecting function has been preliminarily constructed. The necessary and sufficient conditions, under which the Riccati equation would have a reflecting function linear in phase variable, are proved. These conditions are constructive in nature, since on their basis the formula is obtained, which shows the linear in phase variable reflecting function in terms of the coefficients of the Riccati equation. Additionally, the relationship between the parity (oddness) property of the coefficients of the Riccati equation and the existence of a reflecting function linear in phase variable is investigated. The application of the method of Mironenko's reflecting function to the constructed class of Riccati equations revealed sufficient conditions, under which all its solutions are periodic or almost periodic. A sign of no periodic solutions for almost periodic Riccati equations is obtained. An example of the quasi-periodic Riccati equation with quasi-periodic reflecting function, which has a periodic solution, is given.


Though only one aspect of our aesthetic experiences, beauty has historically been one of the most important and contested (Shelley, 2017), and it is often the first characteristic people think of when they hear words like "design," "art," and "visual." Despite its ubiquitous use in our language and understanding, actually defining beauty and explaining what makes something beautiful can be quite difficult. We all use words like "beauty" and "beautiful" on a daily basis, but we often have difficulty articulating what they mean. Furthermore, two people might disagree on whether something is beautiful, and even if they both think the same thing is beautiful, they may not agree on why it is beautiful. Just as we might say that something is "salty" but not be able to explain what "saltiness" is, beauty is easily recognized on an implicit level but is poorly articulated in an explicit manner.


The aim of the present study was to assess the activity of the hazelnut oil in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in rats. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, serum lipid parameters, leptin and glucose levels were evaluated. Moreover, antioxidant activity was tested using superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase levels. The phytosterol content of the oil was determined by HPLC. The plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was found to be significantly high and leptin and glucose concentrations were found to be significantly low in the treatment group. According to the phytochemical analysis, the orylus avellana


The article identifies some fundamental personal cognitive, philosophical and scientific methodological principles of the outstanding Russian philosopher N.N. Strakhov. The author fetches out the combination in his works of educational and research guidelines, as well as compliance with logical and methodological standards and high principles of spiritual truths.


Planning is carried out not only to solve the problems at hand, but also to plan ahead in terms of improving school performance or to anticipate changes and demands of the times. In general, schools prioritize physical development, even though non-physical development is much more important, because one of the main goals of schools is to produce quality students. Planning can be distinguished based on the time period, including long-term planning, medium-term planning, and short-term planning. In this regard, strategic planning plays an important role in achieving the targets of education providers in the midst of competition. The focus of this research is the school development plan at SDIT Al-Ihsan Baleendah. This study aims to capture the school development plan carried out by SDIT Al-Ihsan Baleendah. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. In the data collection technique, various techniques were used in this study, namely interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis procedure used in this study was qualitative analysis. Based on the findings from the research results, it was concluded that development planning at SDIT Al-Ihsan Baleendah was carried out with the baseline analysis stage, forming a vision and mission, translating it into strategic planning and operational plans.


This paper presents a new building energy monitoring and pump speed control method. The pump speed is controlled to maintain the system resistance at an optimized value to approach the best pump efficiency and save pump power. The system resistance can be obtained by the pump head and the water flow rate calculated by the pump water-flow station (PWS), which was recently developed. The PWS measures the water flow rate using the pump head, pump speed, and pump performance curve. This method has been experimentally proved in real HVAC systems. A case study was demonstrated in this paper for application of this new method in a Continuous Commissioning (CC) practice. The case study shows that the PWS can control the pump speed to maintain the optimized system operating point. It can also measure the water flow rate and monitor energy consumption continuously with low installation and almost no maintenance cost. The results show that the new technology can save pump power and increase pump efficiency significantly.


Performance of IRFPA depends greatly on the amount and distribution of bad pixels. In this paper, general causes of bad pixel in IRFPA are analyzed. Most bad pixels of IRFPA can be classified into four types for flip-chip bonding structure. The amount of bad pixels in IRFPA often increases after long-term operation. This strongly affects application of IRFPA. High temperature storage and temperature shock are effective ways to expose these potential bad pixels in advance. High temperature storage and temperature shock are carried out on some IRFPA samples. Four kinds of variation for bad pixels are investigated. They are variations of amount, characteristics, bad pixels on margin and bad pixels in different IRFPA. Results show potential bad pixels damaged after these tests. New bad pixels are tested, analyzed and classified. Each type of bad pixel is corresponding to defect of specified manufacture procedure. This indicates the potential improving directions. Methods that could reduce bad pixels are briefly discussed. Results shown in this paper can help to improve manufacture technology of IRFPA and then the performance of infrared imaging system.


Hybridity: 'the hybrid nature of a being or thing.' Something is hybrid when it results from a cross or a mixture of different types, when it is composed of disparate elements that do not come from one single logic or one single genre. The adjective hybrid struck us as the obvious choice to describe the world in which contemporary public administration operates at an international level. In fact, the last 20 to 30 years – given that the reforms inspired by the new public management movement varies were launched at very different times from one country to another (Giauque and Emery, 2008; Pollitt and Bouckaert, 2009) – have witnessed a far-reaching change in the administrative world. Long inspired by the Weberian ideal types (Weber, 1956), public organizations have been confronted with the need to perform, without endangering the democratic basis and the legality of their action (Guay, 1997; OECD, 1997). New management principles and methods borrowed from private companies have been set up within these organizations: reengineering, benchmarking, total quality management, outsourcing, cost accounting and strategic human resources management are only a few examples of these new practices that have a real impact on the everyday life of the actors (Bruno and Didier, 2013). A situation that has inevitably prompted some basic questions about the logics or values that underpin their legitimacy (du Gay, 2005; Emery, 2006; Fortier, 2010). For those who operate within them, hybrid environments can lead to the best or the worst, as they borrow values, principles and rules of action from different, potentially conflicting, universes that are likely to influence and legitimize their behaviour (Boltanski and Thévenot, 1991). As these authors have analysed in their masterly demonstration of Economies of Worth (Les économies de la grandeur), it is therefore the agreements that the actors are able to negotiate between them that allow them to overcome any contradictions between the reference universes. Does this brilliant theoretical demonstration have a unique field of


Pure phases of several di-octahedral (muscovite, Ca and Na-montmorillonites) and tri-octahedral (phlogopite, vermiculite and hectorite) T-O-T phyllosilicates have been studied by FT-Raman spectroscopy to determine whetherthere are characteristic vibrations for each family of minerals. The samples were first characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and then underwent Raman spectroscopy, spectral region 95-1200 cm - 1 . The results revealed a band produced by the symmetric stretching modes of the SiO 4 tetrahedra occurring near 680 cm - 1 for the tri-octahedral phyllosilicates, and an equivalent band for di-octahedral phyllosilicates occurring near 7000 cm - 1 . Another diagnostic pattern allowing rapid identification of the minerals studied is created by bands corresponding to the antisymmetric stretching modes of the SiO4 tetrahedra and to the vibrations of the O-H-O groups.


Background:
 Aortic stiffness promotes left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction. Thoracic aorta calcification (TAC) contributes to aortic stiffness, but it remains unclear how TAC presence, volume, and density impact LV structure and function. We tested the hypothesis that TAC presence and higher volume is associated with increased LV mass index, decreased LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) index, and impaired mid-wall circumferential strain (Ecc).

 Methods:
 We evaluated 1,693 participants from the MESA who underwent chest CT and cardiac MRI from 2010 to 2012. We used linear regression models to determine cross-sectional associations between the presence, volume, and density of TAC with LV mass index, LVEDV index, and Ecc. Each pair of predictor and outcome variables underwent three model adjustments: (1) age, gender, and race/ethnicity; (2) Model 1 plus education level, height, weight, physical activity, sedentary behavior, smoking status, eGFR, SBP, DBP, anti-HTN medication use, total cholesterol/HDL ratio, statin use, and diabetes; (3) Model 2 plus coronary artery calcium (CAC) presence and volume. TAC volume and density were evaluated separately, then jointly in the same models.

 Results:
 The mean age was 69 years (SD 9) and 53% were female, while 39% were White, 26% Black, 21% Hispanic/Latino, 15% Chinese. TAC was present in 1,518 (90%) participants. TAC volume and density were highly correlated (r=0.75) with respective median 213 (25%ile, 75%ile: 36, 800) mm
 3
 and mean 350 (SD 110) Hounsfield Units. LV mass index, LVEDV index, and Ecc had respective means of 65 g/m
 2
 (SD 14), 120 mL/m
 2
 (SD 31), and -18.2% (SD 2.8). After full adjustment (Model 3 without density), a 10% increase in TAC volume was associated with a 1.8% multiplicative higher Ecc (i.e., less negative Ecc) (95% CI 0.2-3.4%, p=0.04) reflecting reduced LV systolic and diastolic function. Higher TAC volume was marginally associated with higher LV mass index: a 10% increase in TAC volume was associated with a 5.6% increase (-0.6-11.7%, p=0.08) in Model 2 without density, 13.9% (2.1-25.7%, p=0.03) in Model 2 with density, 3.9% (-2.5-10.4%, p=0.23) in Model 3 without density, and 11.3% (-1.0-23.7%, p=0.08) in Model 3 with density. After adjustments in Models 2 or 3, there were no other significant associations between TAC presence, volume, or density with the outcomes.

 Conclusions:
 Higher TAC volume is associated with impaired Ecc independent of CAC and marginally associated with higher LV mass index. These results suggest that the extent of TAC may influence LV remodeling and thus reduced function.


We developed a novel approach for designing a class of constrained and sequence-independent peptide scaffolds with three or four disulfide bonds. Even specific peptide folds that have been considered to be topologically formidable can be de novo created and synthesized in high yields.


This paper examines the performance of an investment strategy based on free cash flows using financial statement data of Finnish companies during the period 1992-2002. The analysis in this paper is motivated by the so-called free cash flow anomaly previously documented e.g. in Hackel, Livnat and Rai (2000) . Using annual financial statement information, we identify large-capitalization companies with positive free cash flows, low free cash flow multiples, and low financial leverage. Since a portfolio of these companies is found to consistently outperform the market index, our results suggest that the free cash flow anomaly also exists in the Finnish stock market. Copyright 2006 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


Based on observations of the mechanism underlying target discrimination, researchers have developed highly accurate variants of CRISPR-Cas9. Based on observations of the mechanism underlying target discrimination, researchers have developed highly accurate variants of CRISPR-Cas9.


An attempttocontrol and standardize new application softwaredevelopmenthas led a large telecommunications firmintheSouthwest UnitedStates to createa centralized Information Technology department. Centralization, however, resulted inanincrease indevelopment and implementation cycles and a concomitant increase in software development costs, especially forsmallandmedium- sized ITprojects. Functional units within thefirm, faced with uncertain andfast-changing business environments, responded totheincreased development andimplementation timesby creating their owndevelopment teams, thuscompeting withthe centralized department andthwarting thesynergies realized fromhaving acentralized ITdepartment. Alternative development processes tothewaterfall process currently inusebythefirmwerestudied. Ofthealternative processes, ExtremeProgramming wasselected tobedeployed in aphasedapproach. Thispaperexamines theissues facing the company,thealternative software development processes considered, andtheselection criteria. Thepaperwillalso examine theprogress madetodateinthedeployment process. I.INTRODUCTION Theremoval ofcompetitive barriers hasincreased competition from providers outside the traditional


Infantile perianal protrusion (IPP) is a process usually located in the midline anterior to the anus of infants, predominantly affecting girls [1–6]. Reported histopathological findings and the clinical course are very variable, suggesting that lesions reported as IPP might represent a cluster of various disorders [2–6]. We describe a female infant who had 2 protrusions located in the midline anterior to the anus. Histological examination of this lesion revealed lobular proliferation of endothelial cells in the dermis, and the diagnosis of childhood capillary hemangioma (CCH) was made. A 3-month-old female presented with a 2-month history of 2 small nodular lesions anterior to the anus. The lesions appeared and began to grow at the age of 1 month. She had no history or signs of sexual abuse. Clinical examination revealed a slightly reddish, tongue-shaped, smooth-surfaced, elastic soft projection at the perineum close to the anus, and a brownish, dome-shaped, smooth-surfaced, elastic soft nodule on the anterior side of the anus (fig. 1). A clinical diagnosis of IPP was made. Two biopsy specimens were taken: one from the tongue-shaped projection and the other from the dome-shaped nodule. Histologically, the tongue-shaped projection showed a normal epidermis, mild perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis and lobular proliferation of cuboidal endothelial cells aggregated predominantly in solid strands and masses in which there were a few small capillary lumina in the deep dermis. The stroma was not myxoid (fig. 2). The dome-shaped nodule showed lobular proliferation of endothelial cells in the entire dermis. The diagnosis of CCH was made. The lesions remained unchanged for the 2-year follow-up period. IPP, also referred to as 'perianal skin tags/folds' [1], 'infantile perianal pyramidal protrusion' [2] or 'infantile perineal protrusion' [4], is usually located in the midline anterior to the anus of infants, predominantly affecting girls [1–6]. It is variously described in color and shape: normal skin colored, red or rose colored and pyramidal, leaflike or nodules shaped like a peanut, hen's-crest or tongue tip [1–6]. There are 3 reported cases with the lesion posterior to the anus and 2 cases with 2 lesions, one anterior and the other posterior to the anus [6]. Cases with a family history of IPP have also been reported [3, 6]. Histologically, IPP usually shows no peculiar findings other than some inflammatory changes like acanthosis of the epidermis, edema in the upper dermis and mild infiltrates in the dermis [2, 4]. In some cases, however, it shows focal atrophic epidermis, vacuolar alteration of basal cells, thickened papillary dermis with alternating areas of sclerosis and homogenization of the collagen and with areas of striking edema [3, 6]. Occasionally, coexistence of subtle clinical lesions of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) is noted [3, 6]. IPP is therefore considered, at least in some patients, a peculiar form of LSA [3, 6]. The pathogenesis of IPP is unknown, although a proximate cause like e.g. mechanical irritation of wiping after defecation [2] or constipation [5, 6] is assumed. Mérigou et al. [5] considered that the prevalence of the condition in female infants might well relate to the area of constitutional weakness in the female perineum. Konta et al. [4], reporting 36 cases of IPP, including 14 congenital ones, concluded that the congenital perineal nodule may be a remnant of a projected tip of the urogenital septum.


Heat transfer enhancement for convective channel flows is often obtained by some ribs periodically mounted on the heat transfer surface which induces vortices to augment transverse fluid mixing.In this paper,the performance of turbulent flow and heat transfer in a narrow rectangular channel with periodically roughened by rectangular bars as LVGs are studied by numerical simulation for water with Reynolds number ranging from 1.5×104 to 3.5×104,the effect of the height of LVGs,angle of incidence,space between LVGs were also analyzed.It was found that the LVGs are able to greatly improve the comprehensive heat transfer performance.The best effect of heat transfer could been obtained when the incidence angler equals to 50°.


Dual electrochemical cells incorporating doped zirconia electrolytes have been used to measure the emf changes occurring dining the formation of spinel ZnX2O4 from the reaction ZnO + X2O3 = ZnX2O4 in the temperature range 850 to 1400 K, where X corresponds to Cr or Al. The emerging pattern has been compared with values from literature and a mechanism of the solid-state reactions accompanying spinel formation has been confirmed.


Use of the charge-integrating JUNGFRAU detector for fluorescence detection is investigated, and its applications in macromolecular crystallography at synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser sources are demonstrated.


The yield and quality of rice are closely related to field management. The automatic identification of field abnormalities, such as diseases and pests, based on computer vision currently mainly relies on high spatial resolution (HSR) images obtained through manual field inspection. In order to achieve automatic and efficient acquisition of HSR images, based on the capability of high-throughput field inspection of UAV remote sensing and combining the advantages of high-flying efficiency and low-flying resolution, this paper proposes a method of "far-view and close-look" autonomous field inspection by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to acquire HSR images of abnormal areas in the rice canopy. First, the UAV equipped with a multispectral camera flies high to scan the whole field efficiently and obtain multispectral images. Secondly, abnormal areas (namely areas with poor growth) are identified from the multispectral images, and then the geographical locations of identified areas are positioned with a single-image method instead of the most used method of reconstruction, sacrificing part of positioning accuracy for efficiency. Finally, the optimal path for traversing abnormal areas is planned through the nearest-neighbor algorithm, and then the UAV equipped with a visible light camera flies low to capture HSR images of abnormal areas along the planned path, thereby acquiring the "close-look" features of the rice canopy. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can identify abnormal areas, including diseases and pests, lack of seedlings, lodging, etc. The average absolute error (AAE) of single-image positioning is 13.2 cm, which can meet the accuracy requirements of the application in this paper. Additionally, the efficiency is greatly improved compared to reconstruction positioning. The ground sampling distance (GSD) of the acquired HSR image can reach 0.027 cm/pixel, or even smaller, which can meet the resolution requirements of even leaf-scale deep-learning classification. The HSR image can provide high-quality data for subsequent automatic identification of field abnormalities such as diseases and pests, thereby offering technical support for the realization of the UAV-based automatic rice field inspection system. The proposed method can also provide references for the automatic field management of other crops, such as wheat.


Climate change-global warming and changes in precipitation-will cause changes in tree growth rates, mortality rates, the distribution of tree species, competition, and species interactions. An implicit assumption in FVS is that site quality will remain the same as it was during the time period observations used to calibrate the component models were made and that the site quality will not be affected by climate change. This paper presents evidence of the impacts of climate change on forests and argues that FVS needs to be revised to account for these changes. The changes include modification of the growth, mortality, and regeneration establishment models, all of which need to account for changes in site quality and genetic adaptation. Criteria for modifying the model recognize that the model's applications and uses will not diminish and need to be supported. The new process, climate change, needs to be recognized by the model because it influences all of the processes FVS currently represents. Plans are being made to address this major task.


The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments all around the world to impose lockdowns. As schools were closed and the students could attend schools physically, online education apps were used by the students to continue their education. The purpose of the study was to analyze the students' intentions to use online education apps (OEAs) in the post-pandemic scenario. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from 327 first-time users of OEAs for their standard XII education. Various scales related to OEA's aesthetics, students' emotional response to OEAs, and the intentions to use OEAs in the post-pandemic scenario were used in the survey questionnaire. Correlations were analyzed to find answers to the research questions. The findings reflect that the aesthetics of OEA like the app design, graphics, structure, etc. significantly influence the emotional response and the intention of the students to use OEAs in the post-pandemic scenario. The emotional response of the students toward the OEAs, in itself, also influences the intention of the students to use OEAs in the post-pandemic scenario. When the students get pleasure, become excited, and feel in control of the app, their intention to use the OEAs in the post-pandemic scenario is positively influenced. The research adds to the literature related to OEAs, the aesthetics of OEAs, the emotional response to OEAs, and the intention to use OEAs. The OEA industry can use the finding to grow their consumer base in the post-pandemic scenario. The context of OEA and the results are original in nature.


The Fourier analysis of period histograms of spike discharges of single cochlear nerve fibers in response to continuous, single sinusoidal stimuli reveals properties that are remarkably similar to those of the cochlear microphonic (CM) as measured in individual turns of the cochlea. We compare phase shift, as a function of stimulus frequency, for the fundamental component of response of single fibers (as obtained by us) to that for the CM from different turns of the cochlea (from the literature). Curves from both sets of data can be closely approximated by two straight lines. The changes in slopes, and the positions of the break points of the straight line segments behave similarily with changes in characteristic frequency (CF) of the fibers (0.37–5.4 kHz) and changes in the frequency of maximum sensitivity of the CM. For both sets of data, intercepts of extrapolations of the straight lines depart from the origin; for one, as CF increases; for the other, as turn number decreases. Relative amplitudes of th...


We investigate the electromagnetic response of a periodic checker- board consisting of alternating rectangular cells of positive refractive index (ε = +1, μ = +1) and negative refractive index (ε = −1, μ = −1). We show that the system has peculiar imaging properties in that it reproduces images of a source in one cell in every other cell. Using coordinate transformations, we map this system into a class of imaging systems in three dimensions consisting of three orthogonal planes delimiting eight alternating cubical regions of positive and negative index media sharing the same vertex. We also generalize these results to more general checkerboards that are inhomogeneous and anisotropic that can then be used to generate a class of three-dimensional (3D) corner imaging systems.


It's really important that how to keep cognitive functions of elderly. According to several research result shows, regular doing exercise or playing games may help elderly slowing down degeneration. In this study, we attempt to combine narrative concept and dynamic assessment theory to develop a kinect-based game for elderly on cognitive functions training. Moreover, a Web-based management system for tracking game records will also be developed. We believe that system can slow down the degradation of cognitive ability.


Lateral Pressure Theory utilizes a set of variables to quantity the propensity of states to extend activity and control beyond their established boundaries, whether for economic, political, military, scientific, religious, or other purposes.
This paper presents the conceptual base, the data sources used and method of calculating Lateral Pressure indices and profiles of states. The basic and modified approaches are presented, as well as the method used for quantifying cyber lateral pressure. This paper focuses on the following three methods we have developed and used: 1. Basic LP methodology as explained in the original text by North and Choucri, (1976) and Choucri, North and Yamakage (2000). a. Definition of master variables, b. Method for construction of profiles, and c. Utilize behavior variable as an observable proxy of resulting LP behavior. 2. Modified IR LP methodology as an extension of the basic LP Methodology. 3. Cyber LP methodology that focuses on the propensity of a state to expand its activities in cyberspace.


The past two decades have witnessed a variety of applications of consumer demand model in the marketing literature employing aggregate sales scanner data and household panel data. Aggregate data are readily available and easy to collect, but are difficult to use to make inferences about household-level behavior unless the estimated models are linear. In this paper we describe a method of augmenting aggregate data with individual choices that facilitates the development of non-linear models of behavior. Our Bayesian procedure introduces latent choice data that are consistent with observed sales. Once the augmented choice data are available, analysis can proceed using a variety of models of consumer choice. We illustrate our method using both simulated and real purchase data. Results from the two experiments show strong support for the accuracy and validity of the proposed method.


We propose a novel scheme for iterative multiuser detection and turbo decoding. The multiuser detector and single-user turbo decoders are coupled such that after each turbo decoding iteration the extrinsic information of the interfering users is passed to the multiuser detector, and after each multiuser iteration, updated a posteriori probabilities are passed to the single-user turbo decoders as the soft input metrics. In synchronous systems, the proposed detector approaches the multiuser capacity limit within 1 dB in the low signal-to-noise ratio region.


Firstly, the inventory model was analyzed under some assumptions. Secondly, based on the consumption of some rubber product, the demand and inventory models were established. Finally, an actual example was carried out by using the inventory model. The result shows the applicable of the model in engineering.


The Fourier law and the diffusion equation are derived from the Schrodinger equation of a diffusive medium (consisting of a random potential). The theoretical model is backed by numerical simulation. This derivation can easily be generalized to demonstrate the transition from any random wave equation to the diffusive equation.


Graphene is a monolayer of sp 2 bonded carbon atoms in a chiken wire crystal structure which behaves electronically as a zero-gap semiconductor. It forms many allotropes, some being known from ancient times (diamond and graphite) and some discovered ten to twenty years ago (fulllerenes, nanotubes). Quite interestingly, the two-dimentional form has been obtained only recently, and immediately has sparkled a considerable scientific interest. Elections in graphene, obeying to a linear dispersion relationship, behave the massless relativistic particles, which results in a number of very peculiar electronic properties. Graphene also provides a bridge between condensed matter physics and quantum electrodynamics and opens new perspectives for carbon based electronics. Here we present an overview of the amazing properties of graphene and of the method producing it. We conclude with of brief description of the potential applications of this material.


Selected methods of testing applied in the research centres dealing with foil bearings technology are overviewed in this paper. Tests analyzing foil bearings require special test rigs and a testing methodology that simulates the bearings' actual working conditions. Test rigs should allow factors, that influence on a bearing's exact operating environment. For this reason, most tests investigate selected key parameters Tribological tests under extreme bearing operating temperatures and with the effect of lubricants make a separate group of tests. Another tests group is focused on the optimal bearing stiffness determination through the choice of adequate structural solutions and manufacturing technologies. Foil bearing test methods presented in this paper do not exhaust the study domain, in which new constructions may be tested. They only overview basic test methods used for the foil bearing systems.


Recently, the effects of individual fatty acid (FA) on digestibility, metabolism, and production responses of dairy cows has received renewed attention. The addition of supplemental FA sources to diets is a common practice in dairy nutrition to increase dietary energy density and to support milk production. The ability to understand and model FA, the effects of individual FA, and different FA supplements on production parameters has direct impact on dairy industry recommendations and the usefulness of FA supplementation strategies. We will briefly review the biological processes and quantitative changes during the metabolism of FA in the rumen and the effect this has on FA availability to the dairy cow, the digestibility of these FA, and their overall impact on performance. Our emphasis in the current paper is on recent research supplementing palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), and oleic (cis-9 C18:1) acids on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and milk composition, and energy partitioning.


The review addresses the major challenges that Nanoelectronics will have to face in the next decades. A multifaced strategy is followed to scale down CMOS based technology with new materials and disruptive architectures, heterogeneous integration, alternatives to MOSFET for information processing introducing 3D schemes at the Front End and back end levels.


The paper started with the 50 years architectural course of new China,the general direction and creative practice of modern architectural culture development were analyzed.The pulse of design art combined with classic and modern architecture was grasped distinctly.It pointed that the architectural designer should make full use of the relation between modern architecture and national form and design excellent project.


Spontaneous regression (SR) of cancer (or remissions as in the case of the hematopoietic system cancer e.g. leukemia) is defined Everson and Coles book as the partial or complete disappearance of a malignant tumor in the absence of all treatment or in the presence of therapy which is considered inadequate to exert significant influence on neoplastic disease.


Under the current climate change scenario, water stress is one of the key factors that reduce the production of crops. Gibberellic acid (GA3) is an efficient endogenous plant hormone that shows a vital role in plant growth and development. Production of canola (Brassica napus L.) and its oil contents are severely affected under drought stress. The present study was conducted to investigate the potential of GA3 in alleviating drought stress in canola. Three levels of GA3 (G0 = 0 mg L−1, G1 = 100 mg L−1, and G2 = 150 mg L−1) as foliar applications were applied under two drought-stress conditions (D1 for three days of drought stress and D2 for six days of drought stress) on two canola varieties (Punjab canola and Faisal canola). Irrigation was applied after 3 weeks of germination, while foliar application of GA3 was done at intervals of 4 and 5 weeks after germination. When comparing the output of all the GA3 treatments, it was noticed that in G0 = 0 mg L−1 (control plants), water-stress conditions markedly reduced plant production and seed oil contents but increased protein and linoleic acid. With the application of G2 = 150 mg L−1, the maximum values of plant height (90.83 cm), no. of siliqua plant−1 (15.50), seed siliqua−1 (15.55), siliqua length (5.08 cm), relative water contents (77.60%), yield plant−1 (0.46 g), chlorophyll a (0.62), carotenoid contents (39.52), and oleic acid contents (60.20) were recorded under drought stress. Based on these results, it is concluded that the adverse effect of drought stress on different yield parameters of canola could be ameliorated by the exogenous application of GA3 through foliar application at a dose of 150 mg L–1. Moreover, the same treatment improves the quality parameters, i.e., the oleic acid contents of the oil, obtained from the canola.


Enacted: 8/28/1972Mission headquarters: San SalvadorMission members: 9Core ProjectsProgress UpdateAgri-marketing ProjectHorticulture ProjectThis project involves the cultivation of vegetables, such as potatoes; flowers, such as orchids and ornamentals; and


EXPLORING TEACHERS' PROCESS OF CHANGE IN INCORPORATING PROBLEM SOLVING INTO THE MATHEMATICS CLASSROOM Vanessa Rutherford, Ph.D. George Mason University, 2012 Dissertation Director: Dr. Elizabeth Sturtevant This study explores how a problem-solving based professional learning community (PLC) affects the beliefs, knowledge, and instructional practices of two sixth-grade mathematics teachers. An interview and two observations were conducted prior to beginning the year-long PLC in order to gather information about the participants' beliefs, knowledge, and instructional practices. Five PLC meetings were held throughout the year focused on implementing problem-solving activities into the classroom as a means to create a mathematics learning environment more aligned with the Standards (NCTM, 2000). Three observations of each participant were made while they incorporated a problem-solving activity into their classroom. Finally, a post interview and observation were conducted at the end of the year to again gather information on the participants' beliefs, knowledge, and instructional practices. Results indicate that the year-long problem-solving based PLC was effective in moving the participants' beliefs, knowledge, and instructional practices towards a more reform-based vision of school mathematics. The similarities and differences between the changes that both participants went through as well as factors that may have influenced them are also discussed.


Changes of lubricating layer resistance of the oil LOTOS SYNTHETIC SAE 5W/40 API SJ/CF/EC as a function work period in ZS engine were presented in this paper. In condition "boundary friction" (friction pair MT-1 machine) resistance of lubricating film decreases at first (at 22 MPa to 14 MPa) and next grows achieving 40% higher then in fresh oil. After about 9000km resistance of lubricating layer of the oil stabilises on level 33 MPa. The only exception is correlation between range of changes of resistance of oil lubricating layer with changes of content oil oxidation products (IR spectrum). The basic number also doesn't change to 3000 km, next decreases linear with the oil work period. Probably it connected with thermo oxidation kinetics oil and with increase concentration polar products of oxidation process. Such ageing changes of the motor oil during operation time have influence on chemisorptions processes and structure of boundary lubricating layer which decide, among other about oil period time in engine and kinematics pair consumption.


Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. Online shopping provides a good example of business revolution. Ecommerce has made life Simple and innovative of individual and groups. Consumer behavior on online shopping is different from physical market where he/she has access to see the products online shopping sites are fast replacing traditional or physical shops. Over, the years the trust of the customers for online shopping sites has increased considerably. The increase in the number of these sites on one hand has led to a fierce competition which means better and cheaper products for customers. However, at the same time customers have their privacy concerns when it comes to shopping online. Internet is changing the way consumers shop and buy goods and services and has rapidly evolved into a global phenomenon. The technology oriented factors like guaranteed quality, cash on delivery discounts and promotions are the major specific factors influencing customer's attitudes toward online shopping. This research paper attempts to analyze the consumer behavior towards online shopping and the various factors influencing trend of online shopping.


All-optical network coding for path protection is experimentally demonstrated using four-wave mixing in SOAs for10 Gbit/s NRZ-DPSK signals with error free performance. The total power penalty after two cascaded XOR stage is only 2 dB.


This study describes the extraction of protein from faecal sludge as a valuable commodity or recovery of valuable. Recovery of valuable materials from waste would give rise to business opportunities which will pave way for feasible and sustainable sanitation. Sludge samples collected from Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant were used to extract proteins from faecal sludge. The Protein was extracted using simple alkali treatment followed by quantification of the protein by Lowry Assay using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as standard.


The paper analyses data on intestinal nematode egg numbers (N NE ) taken over a 30-month period in a large wastewater stabilization pond system. The retention time of 8-10 days suggested by WHO as the treatment expected to achieve an effluent with less than 1 nematode egg per litre was not supported by the results. A model has been developed to describe the elimination of nematode eggs(N NE ) in ponds. According to this model, 14 days theoretical retention time is required to achieve the above criterion in the Alsamra pond system. The importance of the inflow jet velocity in influencing effluent quality, in terms of N NE , has been demonstrated.


This paper presents the use of a hybrid method which combines differential transformation and finite difference approximation techniques in the solution of the nonlinear Burgers' equation for various values of Reynolds number including high values. In order to demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the proposed method, it is used to solve several examples of Burgers' equation, with each example having different initial conditions and boundary conditions. It is found that the results obtained are in good agreement with the analytical solutions, and that the results are more accurate than those provided by other approximate numerical methods.


Abstract The coal is an imperative source of energy, which on combustion, it emits sulphur dioxide, which cause air pollution. In the present study, microwave mediated desulphurization of coal was investigated and input variables were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The proximate analysis and ultimate analysis report indicate the sample belongs to subbituminous having sulphur (6.96%), volatile matter (34.5%) and calorific value (5099 kcal/kg). Under microwave irradiation, up to 68% of sulphur was leached in alkaline medium. The particle size of coal, concentration of potassium hydroxide (KOH), microwave exposure time and power of microwave radiation were systematically optimized for maximum desulphurization of the coal. Under optimum conditions of the process variables, 63.06% desulphurization of coal was achieved. The optimum levels of process variables are as, particle size 500 µm, irradiation time 8.54 min, radiation power 720 W and concentration of KOH 15% (w/v). Findings revealed that the microwave-assisted desulphurization under alkaline condition furnished promising efficiency, which can be employed for the desulphurization of coal.


Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lifelong, hereditary disease that is predominantly associated with Caucasian populations. The incidence in the UK is 1 in 2500 and current figures indicate just over 10,000 individuals affected, managed by 48 specialist Adult and Paediatric CF centres.(1) The disease is autosomal recessive and is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-dependent chloride ion channel present at the apical membrane of most luminal surfaces in the body. Nearly 2000 mutations (grouped into six classes) have been discovered to cause dysfunction in CFTR; however, F508del (DF508), which results in a deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 on the CFTR protein and causes CFTR misfolding and degradation (class II), is the most common (over 90% of individuals with CF have this mutation on one or both alleles).(2) The symptoms of CF are commonly associated with respiratory disease due to the presence of thick, sticky mucus which blocks the airways and causes lung tissue damage. Airways disease in CF is progressive resulting in vicious cycles of infection and inflammation, which require intensive management with periods of hospitalisation. Over time, lung function declines due to irreversible tissue damage leading to pulmonary failure. Highly viscous mucus plugs can also impact on the function of the gastrointestinal tract and reproductive system.(3) Pancreatic insufficiency, which is treated with nutritional enzymes and supplements, is the most common gastrointestinal complication of CF and diabetes is the most common comorbidity. The prevalence of CF-related diabetes (CFRD) increases with age and is caused by relative insulin deficiency due to the destruction of insulin-secreting beta cells in the pancreas, and potentially a resistance to insulin that worsens with increasing pulmonary disease severity and systemic inflammation.(4,5) Life expectancy has, however, continued to increase over the last number of decades due to effective newborn screening programmes, the advent of new therapeutics, aggressive use of antibiotics, and specialist CF centres with multidisciplinary teams delivering nationally recognised standards of care. Even in recent years, the median survival for the CF population in the UK has risen from 38.8 (for the population in 2008) to 43.5 years, with 46.3% of patients aged 20 years or older.(2)


Hydrocyclon plant for separating solid particles from liquid in which a number of hydrocyclons operates in parallel, comprises an outer chamber (2) divided in three compartments (9, 15, 13) and in which the accept openings (120) of the cyclons lead into a chamber (9) being provided with an outlet (10) for the accept, the inlet openings (5) for the cyclons (1) are arranged in the chamber (15) to which the liquid (4) to be treated is injected via an inlet opening (3) and in which the reject openings (12) of the cyclons opens to the chamber (13) which is connected with an outlet (14) through which the reject is exhausted.


Electron interference in mesoscopic devices irradiated by external monochromatic nonclassical microwaves is considered. The relative phase factor between two electron paths is a quantum mechanical operator whose expectation value with respect to the density matrix of the nonclassical microwaves is studied. It is shown that, due to both classical and quantum noise in the microwaves, the absolute value of the phase factor is less than $1,$ causing partial destruction of the interference. Separable and entangled two-mode nonclassical microwaves are also considered and their effect on the expectation value of the phase factor is studied.


The reality of contemporary architecture refers that the architectural form may not always reflect the structure of the structure. There are two different models in the relationship between the form and the structure: one contradicts the form with the structure while they work separately, and the other in which the form stems from the structure, overlaps and is compatible with it. Developments in structural engineering have profoundly influenced architecture, where the use of new structural materials and new structural systems to define the formal characteristics of contemporary architecture, the emergence of digital programming and parametric design enabled a return to historical tectonic symbols and self-modulation in the natural structures and materials science and analysis to create a contemporary architectural structures. From here came the desire to explore the nature of this coexistance relationship. The main objective of this study was to clarify the relationship of form with the structure by giving a clear vision about one of the types of form correlation with the structure, which is the relationship of coexistance in which the form stems from the structure that the structure reads the form and be the source of its creation. The problem of research is the lack of clarity of the formal and structural harmonic relationship and the ways for achieving this harmony in contemporary architectural products. The main elements are derived from the concepts related to research and analysis of the set of architectural applications that achieved the case of coexistance and the practical application, and then come up with the results and conclusions that related to the case of formal-structural harmony in contemporary architecture which is achieved through a combination of intellectual, symbolic and material factors with digital techniques.


Measurements have been made of solute segregation during dendritic growth by using radioactive solute elements and measuring the activity of dendrites cut from decanted specimens. This has been done for both lead and tin based binary alloys containing the following solute additions: Ag/sup 110/ TI/sup 204/, Zn/sup 65/ Sb/sup 124/, Sn/sup 113/, and CO/sup 60/. It was found that C/ sub d//C/sub 0/ the ratio of the dendride to matrix concentration, was dependent on k/sub 0/, the equilibrium distribution coefficient in the following way. For k/sub 0/ O.l, 0.6


Abstract. Many researches has shown that using CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) in teaching EFL (English as Foreign Language) can lead towards an effective learning outcome where students can practice the language in an interactive and authentic manner, with the help of multi-media. CALL enhances students' achievement, while at the same time 'increases motivation and autonomy in learning ' (Doughty 2003, p 57) . This study will try to investigate students' attitudes towards CALL and how it can accommodate students' different learning needs and keep them motivated. Nowadays, English needs to be taught with a focus on communicative approach meaning that there is a need to look at the learning outcomes that technology in teaching brings. The teaching techniques presented in the class should give students the necessary skills to use the target language outside the classroom as well. There are many technology tools which can help students to store the acquired concepts and information into their long-term memory.


Background: Ligand targeted therapy (LTT) is a powerful pharmaceutical strategy to achieve selective drug delivery to pathological cells, for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, with the advantage of limited side effects and toxicity. This active drug targeting approach is based on the discovery that there are receptors overexpressed on pathological cells, compared to their expression in normal tissues. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review recently published data on LTT with applications, both in the field of cancer therapy and other diseases. Moreover, data on LTT exploiting receptors overexpressed at cytoplasmatic level are also reviewed. Methods: Data were deduced from Medline (PubMed) and SciFinder and their selections were made with preference to papers where the most relevant receptors were involved. Results: Several groups have reported improved delivery of targeted nanocarriers, as compared to nontargeted ones, to pathological cells. LTT offers several advantages, but there are also limitations in the development of this strategy. Moreover, LTT have shown encouraging results in in vitro and in animal models in vivo; hence their clinical potential awaits investigation. Conclusion: Recent studies highlight that the ligand density plays an important role in targeting efficacy. Furthermore, LTT applications in diseases different from cancer and those exploiting receptors overexpressed at cytoplasmatic level are growing.


one" (1609 quarto; 11. 5-6). So Shakespeare's audience would presumably have felt the lewd undercurrent in Iago's use of the verb "fill up." Iago's next words now take on a new meaning: "Yet if you please to hold him off awhile, / You shall by that perceive him and his means." Again, the surface meaning is that Othello should not immediately reinstate Cassio; yet Iago surely hopes that the words "hold him off," after the previous two lines, will conjure up an image in which Othello is separating Cassio bodily from Desdemona. Throughout this passage, Iago has ingeniously chosen his words so that Othello will associate Cassio's success as an officer with his supposed success as Desdemona's lover. Iago's subliminal message to Othello seems clear: if you let Cassio again have his place in the military, he will continue to cuckold you.


The English language classroom provides an obvious multicultural context for learning, and teachers need to help students understand and appreciate the differences and similarities among the various ethnic, religious and cultural groups. This study aims to examine teachers' understanding of and attitudes towards multiculturalism, and in so doing, find out what are the language teaching strategies used in promoting and enhancing successful multicultural interactions. Teachers should be able to seize this opportunity to foster tolerance and understanding in classrooms of diverse cultural backgrounds.


A method for obtaining energy through nuclear reactions between hydrogen (31) and a transition metal, said method including the steps of: - preorganization (110) of a primary material (19) comprising a predetermined amount of nanostructures in clusters called clusters ( 21) possessing a number of atoms (38) of said transition metal less than a predetermined number of atoms; - maintaining said hydrogen (31) in contact with said clusters (21); - heating (130) of said primary material (19) at an initial process temperature (T1) greater than a predetermined critical temperature; - dissociation of H2 molecules from said hydrogen (31) and formation of H- ions (35) as a consequence of said heating step; - impulsive intervention (140) on said primary subject (19); - orbital capture (150) of said H- ions (35) by said clustered nanostructures (21) as a consequence of said step (140) of impulsive intervention; - capture (151) of said H- ions (35) by said atoms (38) of said clusters (21), generating a thermal power as well as a primary reaction heat (Q1); dissipation (160) of said thermal power, maintaining the temperature of the primary material (19) higher than said critical temperature, characterized in that it provides a preorganization stage (115) of a quantity of secondary matter (28) acting against said primary material (19) and within a predetermined maximum distance (L) from said primary material (19), said secondary matter (28) being arranged to interact with protons (35 "') emitted from said primary material (19) by Proton-dependent nuclear reactions with energy emission that occur with the release of a supplementary thermal power in the form of a secondary reaction heat (Q2), such that said dissipation step (160) comprises said thermal power generated as long as said primary reaction heat (Q1) and said secondary reaction heat (Q2).


Organizing the results of a search facilitates the user in overviewing the information returned. We regard the clustering task as the tasks of making labels for a list of items and we focus on news articles and propose a clustering method that uses named entity extraction.


The issue of regional imbalances has received attention from various researchers, policy planners and academicians. It is a global phenomenon and can be found all across the world including India. The present study intends to examine the trends and pattern of regional disparities in social development in Northwestern states of India. Based on 8 indicators, the study has been conducted with reference to three reference years, that is, 1971, 1991 and 2011. In order to examine the social development composite standard score has been computed and interpreted. Co-efficient of variation has been computed to gauge into spatial variations at individual level of social variables. Majority of the districts of Jammu and Kashmir and Rajasthan registered low level of social development. The study reveals high development in few enclaves and pockets of the region. Although, regional disparities are declining but some districts are still socially backward.


Ancestors narrates the story of the deaf and the dumb. It stands, at once, as story and history, as allegory and epic, as journey and departure. It is panoply interrogating matriarchy and patriarchy, domination and emergence from the abyss of history. It is a narrative that presents to its readers the joys of motherhood and the pains of a desecrated motherhood. It is, therefore, both a narrative of struggle and assertion, a process of (un)naming and giving voice to those who have always been the underdogs of African society: the women.


We introduce a functorial construction $\mathsf{C}$ which takes unitary magmas $\mathcal{M}$ as input and produces operads. The obtained operads involve configurations of chords labeled by elements of $\mathcal{M}$, called $\mathcal{M}$-decorated cliques and generalizing usual configurations of chords. By considering combinatorial subfamilies of $\mathcal{M}$-decorated cliques defined, for instance, by limiting the maximal number of crossing diagonals or the maximal degree of the vertices, we obtain suboperads and quotients of $\mathsf{C} \mathcal{M}$. This leads to a new hierarchy of operads containing, among others, operads on noncrossing configurations, Motzkin configurations, forests, dissections of polygons, and involutions. Besides, the construction $\mathsf{C}$ leads to alternative definitions of the operads of simple and double multi-tildes, and of the gravity operad.


The repair of detached breakwater body is discussed in this paper. In the repair of the detached breakwater body, the use of rubble stones with larger mass than the required mass in the initial design is proposed . Although the estimation of the repair cost depends on the circumstances of the detached breakwater, the effectiveness of such kind of repair method is investigated on the basis of estimation of the expected repair cost. The repair criterion was determined on the basis of transmitted wave height behind the detached breakwater. The authors show that the repair cost was reduced in several cases where larger rubble stones were used for repairing the detached breakwater body. In other words, the stability of the detached breakwater improved at low repair cost by such kind of repair method in several cases.


Investors expect return on investment which is in the form of capital gains and or dividend. Dividend policy in the Nigerian Banking Industry differs as each bank decides on what, how and when to pay dividend to its shareholders. Whatever dividend policy model that is adopted, there are factors that determine the payment of such dividend. The objective of the study is to ascertain what accounts for dividend payout in the Nigerian banking industry taking profit after tax, shareholders fund and liquidity as determinants of dividend payout. The study covers a period of ten years from 2001 to 2010. Data was obtained from the financial Statements of five sampled banks quoted on the Nigerian Stock exchange as at December 2010. Using multiple regressions, the study finds that Profit after tax (PAT), Shareholder funds (SHF) and Liquidity (LIQ) all accounts for dividend payout in Nigerian banks, but liquidity is the foremost of them all. Hence, the study recommends a robust liquidity position that will guarantee investors' confidence and keep shareholder funds stable as profit from daily business takings will culminate into good dividend payout.


American ballistic missile defence remains highly contentious and has been the source of much academic debate. This article undertakes an overview of assessments analysing the rationales behind missile defence. Through the application of a Critical Security Studies perspective, it addresses the underlying assumptions and potential limitations of these assessments. In particular it seeks to show that the current literature on missile defence is predicated on a prior distinction between politics and technology. This, however, is itself problematized within critical approaches as constitutive of a particular mode of thought integral to the maintenance of the very weapons missile defence proposes to address.


Suppose that P is a Sylow p-subgroup of a finite p-solvable group G. If g ∈ P , then the number of G-conjugates of g in P can be read off from the character table of G. One of the classical problems in character theory is to find what kind of group theoretical information the character table determines. Theorem A. Let P be a Sylow p-subgroup of a finite p-solvable group G. If K is a conjugacy class of G, then |K ∩ P | can be read off from the character table of G. Although, it is possible to find non-isomorphic non-p-solvable groups with the same character table, it does not seem easy to construct examples where the conclusion of Theorem A fails. In fact, we shall prove Theorem A by using some of the deep facts in Isaacs π-theory. We should say that it is not clear at all how to find a direct proof without it. Proof of Theorem A. Let K be a conjugacy class of a π-separable group G and let H be a Hall π-subgroup of G. We prove that the integer |K ∩H | can be read off from the character table of G. By a theorem of G. Higman ((8.21) of [3]), we know that the character table determines the set of primes that divide the common order of the elements in K. Therefore, we may assume that K consists of π-elements (otherwise, |K∩H | is zero). By Higman's Theorem, let K1, . . . , Kh be the conjugacy classes of G consisting of π-elements, so that K is one of them. Write G = K1 ∪ . . . ∪ Kh, the set of πelements of G. Also, let us denote by α the restriction of a class function α of G to G. Among the functions χ for χ ∈ Irr(G), we consider the subset Iπ(G) consisting of those functions that cannot be written in the form ν +μ for nonzero characters ν and μ of G. By Theorem A of [1], the set Iπ(G) forms a basis for the vector space cf(G) of class functions on G. Hence, notice that, by using the character table, we may find {χ1, . . . , χh} ⊆ Irr(G) such that Iπ(G) = {(χ1)0, . . . , (χh)0} (given χ ∈ Irr(G), since χ(1) is finite, there are only a finite number of characters ν, μ to check the equation χ = ν + μ). We may certainly assume that χ1 = 1G. Now, by Corollary (2.5) of [2], we have that 1H is a 'Fong character' associated to (1G) 0 and therefore, [(χi)H , 1H ] = 0 for i ≥ 2 . Received by the editors August 5, 1996. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 20C15. Research partially supported by DGICYT. c ©1998 American Mathematical Society 65 License or copyright restrictions may apply to redistribution; see http://www.ams.org/journal-terms-of-use


The MIRACLE (Making Institutional Repositories a Collaborative Learning Environment) Project team investigated issues and trends related to institutional repository planning and implementation, such as the purposes and roles of an institutional repository (IR), system selection criteria, system features, policies, services, and sustainability. Data were collected through telephone interviews with thirty-six IR staff and individuals who played important roles in the development of IRs at their respective institutions. Interviewees came not only from academic institutions where an IR had been implemented but also from those planning, pilot-testing, or having no plans to launch an IR. Regardless of the phase of IR development, interviewees consistently expressed enthusiasm for deploying IRs to provide access to and to preserve digital materials. The findings indicate that IR staff view the IR as the infrastructure for their university's participation in the open access movement and are confident about IR's long-term sustainability. Because branding and the scope of IRs have evolved over the years, IRs are increasingly being perceived in terms of this overarching goal or purpose, rather than as a set of specific functions, features, or services. Based on these results, it is suggested that IRs need to design value-added service models that would allow IR staff to better serve their learning communities.


This paper proposes a classification model for spam email using data mining. The use of personal or business email has increased along with the growth of internet population and computerization. This change allows one to live in convenience or to improve the efficiency of business. On the other hand, spam emails cause many problems in our life. Spam email is defined as the email which is sent to anyone who does not want to receive the email that brings to annoyance or computer virus or interruption of business process. Although a lot of studies have been proposed to protect the spam email, we are still in need of an efficient classification method. Data mining is a prominent way to classify spam emails. However, if data do not have sufficient information, traditional data mining method may not apply for the problem. Therefore, we suggest PU learning algorithm to classify the problem with insufficient data which have only positive class and unlabeled data. Support vector machine (SVM) has been used as the basic data mining method. Experimental results show the viability of the proposed classification model.


Following EMS, DES and gamma ray treatment in Arkel and Bonneville pea varieties, three male sterile mutants were induced in Pisum sativum. Sterility in each of these is conditioned by single recessive genes, the three genes being non-allelic. Whereas in one mutant, the ms gene acts during pre-meiosis, in the other two the genes act during post-meiosis. In the premeiotic mutant, the PMCs either degenerate before attaining genetic autonomy or after separating out from one another. Their chromatin either compacts or fragments to degenerate completely. Thus, no meiosis occurs in this mutant.In both the post-meiotic mutants, male meiosis is normal. In one, the microspores are released from the PMCs either in free or in adhered state. They develop thick walls, their chromatin condenses centrally and finally they degenerate. In the other mutant, monads are released from the PMCs. In 93% microspoes, the nuclear degeneration is faster than cytoplasmic degeneration, in 7% the reverse occurs. In both the post-meiotic mutants, microspores degenerate fully. Male sterility in all the three mutants is complete while female fertility is normal.


A novel species of Lepiota sect. Ovisporae from Baiyun Mountain, Guangzhou, China is described, based on phylogenetic analysis of both internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and multi-loci (ITS, LSU, IGS and mtSSU) combined with morphological examinations. Lepiota baiyunensis sp. nov. differs from Lepiota lilacea by its light yellow lamellae, stipe covered with lamellar squamules, lacking true annulus, usually clavate cheilocystidia and trichodermal pileus covering composed of long, cylindrical elements.


The ampacity of tunnel cable is heavily dependent on the capacity to diffuse heat into surrounding air. This ability is significantly influenced by wet conditions. Based on the finite element method (FEM), a 3D model of high voltage alternating current (HVAC) tunnel cable is developed, coupling heat and moisture transfer. The thermal properties of air are changing with relative humidity and temperature. Latent heat of evaporation is included. Thermal analysis is conducted by recording the cable maximum temperature as a function of time and relative humidity. Temperature gradient exists not only radially, but also circumferentially and longitudinally.


Retailing is the largest private sector entity in the world economy today with global spectrum exceeding $ 7.3 trillion. Notwithstanding with the India's true retail scenario of which majority are in the unorganized sector, the organized ones are expected to grow by 25–30 per cent on YOY basis, promising to generate about 12 per cent of country's GDP. It will, in future be the largest source of employment after agriculture and industries. In cue with the liberalization policy of the government that has opened up retail market for MNCs like Wal-mart, Carrefour, Metro AG, Tesco etc. which will make this sector more attractive and highly competitive too.


Based on the data available and using the GIS software,we processed and interpreted the Remote Sensing images composed by TM.And we also made the vegetation type chart,in order to calculate the vegetation type area and its change.In this thesis,we explored the advantages of 3S techniques in vegetation investigation and found the dynamic changes in vegetation type area,so as to lay the foundation for building vegetation restoration mode.


The phenomenological and discursive mod of the social and political correlation is being investigated in this article. Anthropological-ontological comprehensions of the political reality is carried out through the correlation of social and political with the help of anthropological approach to political. The conclusion have been made that in the society is absent specific political. The essence of the political lies in the establishment of the sociality, sociality exists through political.


Although numerous studies have been recording on the enhancement of female student's enrolment in higher education's of Ethiopia, much remains unknown about the striking gap of gender disparity between the enrollment and graduation rates of female students due to the excessive attrition rates at the tertiary level. This study aims to assess factors that causing female students attrition at Haramaya University. Methods to collect the data were conducted using quantitative a structured questionnaire that was distributed to the sample of female students who attend education in the College of Social Science and Humanities in the year 2016/17. Whereas, the qualitative method was held by using an in-depth interview with key personnel that contributes valuable information towards the causing factors of attrition among female students at Haramaya University. The data analyzed was a quantitative data analysis technique, such as descriptive statistics that were employed to present and summaries the data using tables. The study found a critical event in life ( pregnancy, significant person death), Tension, and separation from family as the top three personal factors for female student's attrition. Among the challenging factors in the university environment, adjustment problems with campus life(environment), influence from senior friends, instructors, and other staff members have identified as a reason for dropout. Lack of transparent grading, difficult of education as well as using assessment techniques were the top three reasons for attrition in the academic aspect.


Geophysics
Volcanic island and seamount chains form from deep-seated plumes of hot material upwelling through the mantle. The most famous of these is the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain. However, a large volcanic structure associated with a plume head that should precede the chain has long been missing. Wei et al. finally identified the likely location of this structure in the mantle under eastern Russia. The structure was likely subducted 20 million to 30 million years ago, and the location helps constrain several geodynamic processes.

Science , this issue p. [983][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abd0312


This study investigated the interaction of three commonly used pesticides, carbaryl, captan, and malathion, with combinations of antibiotics occurring commonly in milk, all at levels below established tolerances. The modality of measurement was the MIC; the assay organism was Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144. Acetone alone or individual pesticides in acetone caused no increase in the baseline MIC of any of the marker antibiotics. For single antibiotics, (ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, erythromycin, neomycin, oxytetracycline, and sulfamethazine) 7.1 % of the combination possibilities showed increased MICs. The three pesticides together resulted in an increased MIC in 4.8% of the combinations. Varying combinations of three of the aforelisted antibiotics showed increases in the baseline MIC in 18.5% of the possibilities. Combinations of three antibiotics and the three pesticides showed increased MICs in 24.4% of the possibilities. There appears to be an additive effect upon the development of antibiotic resistance of S. aureus cells between the three pesticides and the antibiotics in the combinations studied.


. Given a smooth projective variety X over a field k of characteristic zero, we consider the composition of the de Rham cohomology cycle class map over k from the Chow group CH q ( X × k K ), where K is the field of fractions of henselization A h of the local ring of a smooth closed point of a variety over the field k with an appropriate projection: where F • and N • are the Hodge and the coniveau filtrations on the de Rham cohomology, respec-tively. The classical Abel–Jacobi map corresponds to the composition of this homomorphism with the projection to the summand p = 1. This homomorphism is not injective, however, its composition with the embedding into the space where A M = A h / m M and m is the maximal ideal, is dominant for any q for which the inverse Lefschetz operator H 2dim X − q ( X )(dim X ) ∼ −→ H q ( X )( q ) is induced by a correspondence.


Image forgery detection becomes critical in the current environment since transfer of information now a day is through digital medium. Problem starts to appear as malicious users start to participate over the network. Most common type of forgery in such situation is copy and move. The proposed work uses the application of Gabor filter to detect and prevent copy move forgery and also predict the result in terms of accuracy.


To Sue the Union of Human Spirit with God: Deconstruction Toward the Concept of Ittihad in the Philosophy of Abu Yazid Al-Bustami. Sufism in Islam has religious and spiritual experience emphasizing more on te spiritual experience of Sufis. This ritual is considered as one way of purification of the spirit or the soul by emptying all atributes that are related to all aspects of earthly life, as well as its relationship with the creatures. This experience emphasizes more on the spiritual nature to juxtapose to God. This spiritual experience could create conflicts and even lead to a mutual misleading. This study seeks to describe the formulation of a union among human spirits based on Abu Yazid's philosophical thinking. It uses a philosophical approach with the pattern of historical - critical research toward one of the famous sufi's teachings known as ittihad


An adaptive mesh redistribution method is constructed for a sloshing analysis method which consists of two coupled equations: the boundary element equation and the weighted residual formulation of the pressure equation. In order to determine the optimum mesh uniquely for this coupled equation system, a functional of mesh distribution is defined as a weighted average of error estimators of these two discretized equations. Adaptive mesh redistribution is accomplished based on the stationary condition of the functional. The developed method is applied to a nonlinear sloshing in a rectangular container.


A crucial step towards the large-scale introduction of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the market is to reduce the cost of their energy storage systems. One of the goals of U.S Department of Energy (DOE) Vehicle Technologies Program for hybrid electric systems is to, by 2014, reduce the production cost of Li-ion batteries by nearly 70 percent from 2009 costs. Currently, battery cycleand calendar-life represents one of the greatest uncertainties in the total life-cycle cost of advanced energy storage devices. Batteries are inherently subject to aging. Aging is the reduction in performance, availability, reliability, and life span of a system or component. The generation of long-term predictions describing the evolution of the aging in time for the purpose of predicting the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of a system may be understood as Prognosis. The field of battery prognosis has seen progress with respect to model based and data driven algorithms to model aging and estimate RUL of battery cells. However, in advanced battery systems, cells are interconnected and aging propagates. The aging propagation from one cell to others exhibits itself in a reduced system life. Propagation of aging has a profound effect on the accuracy of battery systems state of health (SOH) assessment and prognosis. This thesis proposes a systematic methodology for modeling the propagation of aging in advanced battery systems. The modeling approach is such that it is able to predict battery


Omentin is an adipocytokine that expresses in white adipose tissues. It is a marker for preventing the development of pro-inflammatory states related to diseases like obesity. This study aimed to examine the concentrations of omentin and anthropometric-biochemical parameters in obese children and healthy controls. Also, to search for the associations of omentin rs2274907 gene polymorphism with omentin levels and obesity among Thai children. A total of 293 children, 178 obese cases and 115 healthy controls, were recruited for this study. The omentin level was measured using the enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and genotyping was performed using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Serum omentin levels were significantly lower in the obese group than in the control group (13.9 and 25.0 ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.001). The omentin levels had significant negative correlation with body weight, body mass index (BMI) percentile, waist circumference, triglycerides (r = –0.276, –0.275, –0.259, –0.242, p < 0.001), and had positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (r = 0.210, p < 0.001). There was a significant association between obesity and serum omentin levels (p < 0.05). However, the omentin rs2274907 gene polymorphism showed no significant relationship with the omentin levels and obesity among Thai children. These findings in Thai children suggest that omentin level, but not omentin rs2274907 gene polymorphism, may influence susceptibility to obesity.


The past few years have seen publication of reports from several groups documenting the escape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) from its intracellular vacuole to access the cytosol. The major questions addressed in these publications are the mechanism(s) underlying this process, the frequency of its occurrence and, most importantly, the biological significance of this phenomenon to bacterial survival, growth and virulence. I believe that the first two questions are moving towards resolution, but questions relating to biological context have yet to be answered fully. In this viewpoint article, I will try to convince the readers why escape from the vacuole in no way diminishes the significance of Mtb's intravacuolar survival mechanisms and why, as a lab, we continue to focus the majority of our efforts on the 'bug in the bag'.


The story never stops beginning or ending. It appears headless and bottomless for it is built on differences. Its (in)finitude subverts every notion of completeness and its frame remains a non-totalizable one. The differences it brings about are differences not only in structure, in the play of structures and of surfaces, but also in timbre and in silence. We – you and me, she and he, we and they – we differ in the content of the words, in the construction and weaving of sentences but most of all, I feel, in the choice and mixing of utterances, the ethos, the tones, the paces, the cuts, the pauses. The story circulates like a gift; an empty gift, which anybody can lay claim to by filling in to taste, yet can never truly possess. A gift built on multiplicity. One that stays inexhaustible within its own limits. Its departures and arrivals. Its quietness. (Minh-Ha 2)


At last we have an informed and scholarly work on slavery at the Cape of Good Hope which breaks away from the parochialism, insidious myths and apologist approaches of previous writings on the subject. Robert Ross, the most prolific and perceptive of the group of young historians at present attempting to develop the historiography of early colonial South Africa, has provided in his ironically, but appositely, titled Cape of Torments a vivid picture of the constraints and the dynamics of its slave society. Taking as his theme Aptheker's dictum that 'resistance, not acquiescence, is the heart of human slavery', Ross not only effectively demolishes the image of Cape slavery as a ' mild' institution by showing its endemic violence, but also demonstrates the way in which' the slaves of the Cape helped to shape the society of the colony in which they were forced to live, with results about which they were not always glad' (p. 3). It is thus much more than an account of plots, escapes and attempts at rebellion; it reveals the economic, legislative and social structures of Cape slave society which at last brings analysis of the Cape into the corpus of comparative slave studies. As such, it should be compulsory reading for all interested in the 'peculiar institution', as well as for South African specialists. Among Ross's main sources are the extensive court testimonies of slaves and other inhabitants of the colony preserved in summary in the Rijksarchief at The Hague and more fully in Cape Town. This, together with his own lively and incisive style of writing, has produced a vivid picture of the experiences of many of the slaves and Khoikhoi in the colony: people who appear only as figures in the background of contemporary travellers' accounts of the Cape. Ross takes his reader into unknown worlds. Most notable is his painstaking reconstruction of the slave maroon community at Cape Hanglip (as eighteenth-century Dutch officials called Hangklip) at the tip of False Bay, a community which survived within sight of Cape Town and the wealthiest farming region of the colony, with varying fortunes, for almost a hundred years. He reveals the fate of escaped slaves who made contact with Khoikhoi, Xhosa and Griqua beyond the frontiers of the colony, as well as some who stowed away to Europe on ships visiting Table Bay. His account of the 1825 Bokkeveld attempted uprising provides a necessary corollary to Andre Brink's imaginative Chain of Voices.


The purpose of this paper is to study the problem about financial risk early-warning of listed companies in the supply chain environment. Based on a comprehensive overview of the issue of listed companies' financial risk early warning, it tries to build a warning model of the core enterprise's financial risk in the supply chain environment, and does a case study to test its practicality. The model, which integrates a number of mature theories and early-warning models, uses the method of modern technology, statistical tools and financial risk management theory. This paper studies the financial early-warning methods of listed companies in supply chain environment, and provides a comprehensive early-warning program, which can identify the potential risks. The improved traditional early-warning model is introduced into a new area. The system of financial indexes and non-financial indexes are re-established, considering the particularity of financial risks in supply chain environment, indexes related are reselected.


This paper introduced the principle and realization method as well as control characterristics of the electrohydraulic servo proportional control system of the VRC robot. It's Nationality are also been discussed.


The researcher has attempted to differentiate the parameters of effectiveness of learning environment namely; innovative practices, library facility, creative talents and developing competencies between private and government schools.


Presence of thermogenic gas within unconventional tight carbonate reservoirs of Rohtas Limestone Formation has been established over a large area in Son Valley sector of Proterozoic Vindhyan Basin through a number of recent exploratory wells. Flow of gas from these unconventional tight carbonate reservoirs is primarily dependant on the presence of open / partially open natural fracture systems. The present paper brings out the results of genetic characterization of the fractured carbonate reservoirs through integrated analysis of outcrop lineaments, seismic attributes, image logs of drilled wells, depositional facies and geomechanical properties. Formation of multi scale natural fracture systems within different units of Rohtas Formation are controlled by tectonic forces as well as facies association. Maximum horizontal compressive stress direction is inferred to be ENE-WSW (80-87.5) to E-W (92.5-97) and minimum horizontal stress direction is N-S to NNW-SSE (350 to 07). Three distinct Mechanical Units (MU) have been identified within the stratified sequence of Rohtas Formation defined by geomechanical properties of different litho-facies. MU-1 and 2 within Upper Rohtas unit exhibit typical brittle rock fracture characteristics. MU-3 within Middle Rohtas unit depict fracturing under the influence of depositional composition and diagenetic changes within contrasting facies association, which impart distinct geomechanical properties to this unit. Four distinct fracture permeability systems, namely Fractured host rock, Strata bound fracture network (SFN), Non strata bound fracture network (NSFN) and Fault induced tectonic fractures have been identified which control the gas flow behavior. Identification of these fracture systems is critically important to facilitate future target selection for assessing the gas flow potential of these tight carbonate reservoirs. Introduction


GM coun ters are of ten used in ra di a tion de tec tion since they gen er ate a strong sig nal which can be eas ily de tected. The work ing prin ci pal of a GM coun ter is based on the in ter ac tion of ion iz ing ra di a tion with the at oms and mol e cules of the gas pres ent in the coun ter's tube. Free elec trons cre ated as a re sult of this in ter ac tion be come ini tial elec trons, i. e. start an av a lanche pro cess which is de tected as a pulse of cur rent. This cur rent pulse is in de pend ent of the en ergy im parted on the gas, that be ing the main dif fer ence be tween a GM coun ter and the ma jor ity of other ra di a tion de tec tors. In lit er a ture, the de pend ence on the in ci dence of ra di a tion en ergy, tube's ori en ta tion and char ac ter is tics of the read ing sys tem are quoted as the main sources of mea sure ment un cer tainty of GM coun ters. The aim of this pa per is to de ter mine the de pend ence of mea sure ment un cer tainty of a GM coun ter on the vol ume of its coun ter's tube. The de pend ence of the pulse cur rent on the size of the coun ter's tube has, there fore, been con sid ered here, both in ra dial and par al lel ge om e try. The ini ti a tion and ex pan sion of the cur rent pulse have been ex am ined by means of el e men tary pro cesses of elec tri cal dis charge such as the Markov pro cesses, while the changes in the coun ter's tube vol ume were put to test by the space – time en large ment law. The ran dom vari able known as the "cur rent pulse in the coun ter's tube" (i. e. elec tri cal break down of the elec trode con fig u ra tion) has also been taken into ac count and an ap pro pri ate the o ret i cal dis tri bu tion sta tis ti cally de ter mined. Thus ob tained the o ret i cal re sults were then com pared to cor re spond ing ex per i men tal re sults es tab lished in con trolled lab o ra tory con di tions.


Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) have been repeatedly demonstrated to significantly slow progression of CKD in randomized controlled trials conducted in adults ([1][1],[2][2]). The mechanisms by which RAASi slow progression of CKD include the reduction of proteinuria and


This paper presents the fundamentals of model-based tuning, together with some well established tuning techniques for industrial regulators derived from this approach. It also tries to evidence the potential of the model-based approach by itself, suggesting its adoption not only as a source of new tuning recipes but also as an extremely productive way of thinking. Mathematics is kept as light as possible and references are provided for the interested reader.


Information Extraction and Transport, Inc. (IET) is developing the Knowledge Elicitation Environment for Probabilistic Event and Entity Relations (KEEPER) system, a tool for eliciting, storing, updating and implementing probabilistic relational models (PRMs)[1,8,16]. The KEEPER elicitation component implements a single ontology for the purposes of constraining and guiding elicitation and providing the semantic bedrock for the reintegration of diverse knowledge sources for reasoning and learning. We have used an extension of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) to implement the ontology and the tools for PRM representation, and we describe the main features of that extension in this paper. This paper offers an informal characterization of OWL_QM, an extension of OWL that supports the representation of PRMs. It is intended to motivate discussion as to whether OWL is an appropriate foundation for addressing the challenge of handling uncertainty on the Semantic Web.


GOOVAERTS and DE VYLDER (1983) provided a stable recurswe algorithm for calculating the probablhty of ultimate rum. Their algorithm yielded bounds for this probabdlty It is shown that in practice their method may be inherently unstable because it is based on the subtraction of nearly equal numbers. An alternative to this type of subtraction IS provided. It is proved that their algorithm converges only at a linear rate to the true value. It is suggested that this slow rate of convergence be improved vm an apphcatlon of the Richardson extrapolatmn technique.


The aim of the study was to assess the impact of N Pro and Seactiv Complex technologies based on sea algae extracts on the yield and quality of Golden Delicious apple trees compared to the standard fertilization program. Research conducted in the years 2008–2017 showed that the tree fertilization technology and the year of research had a significant impact on the quality and yield parameters. The abundance of seaweed extracts had a positive effect on the greater number of fruits per tree (pcs.), their weight (t × ha−1; kg tree−1), the percentage of fruits exceeding 7.5 cm in size (%) and the average weight of fruits (g) compared to the control combination. In most of the analyzed study years, total yield exceeded the 90 t × threshold regardless of the fertilization program. The use of technology based on sea algae extracts during 10 years of research had a positive effect on the quality and weight compared to the standard fertilization technology commonly used in cultivation.


Abstract A solution to the problem of Gaussian beam scattering by a circular perfect electric conductor coated with eccentrically anisotropic media is presented. The incident Gaussian beam source is expanded as an approximate expression in the simple form with Taylor's series. The transmitted field in the anisotropically coated region is expressed as an infinite summation of Eigen plane waves with different polar angles. The unknown coefficients of the scattered fields are obtained with the aid of the boundary conditions. The addition theorem for cylindrical functions is applied to transfer from the local coordinates to the global ones. The infinite series can be truncated under the prerequisite of achieving the solution convergence. Only the case of transverse-electric polarization is discussed. The similar formulation of transverse-magnetic polarization can be obtained by adopting a similar method. Some numerical results are presented and discussed. The result is in agreement with that available as expected when the eccentric geometry comes to the concentric one.