INTRODUCTION Radiant heat gain to the head has recently been shown to affect sensation in human subjects (Buyan et al., 2006). However, only one published study has been conducted on the influence of radiant heat gain for sports headgear (Ishigaki et al., 2001). One could assume that reducing heat stress by shielding solar radiation using sports headgear would increase thermal comfort, and possibly decrease heat strain, as often shown in studies in which heat stress on the head is reduced by artificial cooling (Nunneley et al., 1971; Williams and Shitzer, 1974). A baseball-style cap is often used among athletes competing under sunny conditions. However, in spite of the numerous studies on understanding and optimizing forced convective heat loss in, e.g., bicycle helmets, no study has examined a baseball-style cap on heat transfer.


To identify factors influencing the acceptability and feasibility of using the BEMPU TempWatch bracelet in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).We conducted in-depth interviews with 21 clinicians at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana, after the bracelet had been introduced in a pilot programme. A purposive sampling technique was used to select participants for in-depth interviews. SPSS Statistical Software was used for the descriptive analysis of the participants' demographic information. Dedoose V.9.0.54 was used to analyse interview data using a thematic analysis approach. We used the domains and constructs of the Conceptual Framework for Implementation Research framework to inform themes for the key implementation outcomes (acceptability and feasibility).Most participants found the bracelet's use in neonatal care acceptable in theory. However, most participants found the bracelet not feasible in the NICU in its current state and suggested modifications to the bracelet's alarm system, fit, cost and additional features to improve its utility. Participants' acceptance hinged on attitudes towards the bracelet's utility in the NICU and its relative advantages to the current standards of practice. The identified determinants of feasibility centred primarily around the complexities or challenges of incorporating the bracelet into routine care, affordability and its compatibility with the workload in the NICU.Modifications to the bracelet are required, and further research is needed to explore implementation strategies to effectively integrate an updated BEMPU TempWatch into routine care in the NICU and other settings.


The Hypothesis Billions of years before the new era, while the third planet in the Solar system covered in dense clouds was still in its sleep, in the dark depths of the endless ocean of organoids, the last module of the Genetic Program began. It was part of the perfect algorithm for evolution of life on Earth. Also, it was the beginning of the second of the three qualitative transitions unexplained by the human beings, which mark the separate parts of the Creation.


The present invention relates to a material for applications that require high temperature strength, on the basis of intermetallic nickel aluminides, wherein the material at more than 50. Covers% nickel and ternary Laves phases, as well as a product manufactured therefrom component of a turbomachine, in particular of an aircraft engine.


Objective:To breed and identify aquaporin-3(AQP-3)gene knock-out mice.Methods:Heterozygote mice were bred and reproduced.Wild genotype,heterozygote genotype and homozygote genotype would appear in the offsprings of parents.Genome DNA extracted from the murine tails was subjected to PCR for genotype identification.Male homozygote mice were selected to mate with the female heterozygote mice to acquire homozygote baby mice according to Mendel law.Results:The breeding and reproducing were successful and more heterozygote genotype mice were reproduced.Conclusions:Appropriate methods of breeding,reproducing and identifying are effective ways for acquiring AQP-3 gene knock-out mice from heterozygote mice.


Rapid economic developments have led to the excessive consumption of environmental resources. Consumption patterns play a crucial role in deteriorating environmental conditions and influencing consumers to seek sustainability features while purchasing different products. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the sustainability factors that have prompted consumers in Malaysia to buy green products. The primary elements of this research focused on environmental concern, green product awareness, government support, perceived ecological value, community green practice, purchase intention, and green product purchase behavior. Additionally, to explain the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, this research employed the theory of planned behavior as a theoretical framework. A total of 300 questionnaires were collected and examined using smart PLS-SEM. The findings of the research suggest that all factors, including environmental concern, green product awareness, government support, perceived ecological value, community green practice, and purchase intention, influence consumers in Malaysia to purchase green products. Finally, this research discusses the contribution, limitations, and suggestions for future studies related to purchasing behavior towards green products.


The purpose of the paper is to deal with the organizational support of project management in institutes of public health at secondary level in terms of training, organizational structures and motivation. On the basis of the findings, we aimed at designing an organizational structure that supported a more effective implementation of projects. In the empirical part of the paper, a quantitative study into the views of employees in nine institutes of public health in Slovenia involved in projects (institutes of public health in Ljubljana, Maribor, Celje, Kranj, Nova Gorica, Koper, Novo mesto, Ravne na Koroskem and Murska Sobota) is presented. The questionnaire was completed by 83 employees who were involved in project planning, implementation and controlling in a public institute. It was concluded that the training of the contractors as well as motivation positively affected the successfulness of project realization. We designed a proposals for the organizational support environment of project management in institutes of public health at secondary level. The results of our research are useful for change makers and contractors in institutes of public health and other organizations.


A chitosan derivative which has a structure that approximates N-phthaloyl-3,6-di-O-acetylchitosan (AcPhCh) was used to investigate the thermal behavior of lyotropic gel liquid crystalline phases in DMSO. A distinct gel-sol transition in addition to a liquid crystal-liquid (or chiral nematic-isotropic) transition was observed in the AcPhCh-DMSO system by DSC. The detected gel-sol transition was reversible with a considerable amount of temporal hysteresis. Mesophase ordering occurred prior to gel formation for AcPhCh-DMSO samples while cooling from above the order-disorder «clearing» transition temperature


The short life due to heavy wear is a bottleneck that limits the usage of mechanical excavators for hard rock cutting. Thermally stable diamond composite (TSDC) tipped cutting tools have the main advantages of good thermal stability, high wear resistance and ability to mine harder deposit compared to the conventional tungsten carbide (WC) tipped cutting tools. Super Material Abrasive Resistant Tool (SMART*CUT) based on TSDC tip has been developed by CSIRO to improve the effectiveness of cutting tools when dealing with hard deposit in mining and civil industries. In this study, the effects of attack angle and depth of cut on the cutting performance of SMART*CUT picks in different cutting orientations were investigated. A tri-axial dynamometer and a data acquisition system were used to measure the cutter forces. Normal force, cutting force and resultant angle were correlated with depth of cut and attack angle. Cutting performances were compared in different cutting orientations. The results would be beneficial to the selection of mechanical excavator motor and the optimization of cutting drum design to some extent.


In this work a framework for the development and tuning of a fuzzy expert system is proposed. Given an initial set of crisp rules, the methodology consists of three steps: (a) disjunctive normal form representation of the crisp rules, (b) creation of a fuzzy model and (c) tuning of the model using a global optimization method. The proposed methodology is evaluated in the arrhythmia classification problem, using only the RR interval signal. Expert cardiologists determined an initial set of rules, which is used for the creation of a fuzzy model. Four types of cardiac rhythms are classified: normal sinus rhythm, ventricular flutter/fibrillation, premature ventricular contractions and 2o heart block. The results indicate sensitivity (average for all categories) 94%, specificity 98% and positive predictive value 94%.


Financial brokers use system of information technology finance and diagnose about the purchased orders which are unique in the world-and take the customs' economic ability and requirement as the location. They pick out a financial program that will suit the requirement about guarantee, profit of you and your family and it is of the best of function and price. It is an all- directional economic decision which consists of insurance, bank, fund, bond, investment, stock and real estate. They can help avoiding risk, managing financial matters with sincerity to achieve wealth increase for customs and their family.


The formation of character education-oriented HOTS in elementary school is a new breakthrough in developing the character of students. The purpose of this study is to form the character of students and shaping the students ' high level thinking. This research is a descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The results showed that the formation of character education student-oriented HOTS can be implemented in accordance with the target learning outcomes. The value of the characters that formed the values of discipline, religious, responsible, and honest. Integration in the classroom by integrating the education oriented HOTS in LESSON plans and implemented during the learning while the intergasi outside the classroom, i.e. with a refraction value of a religious character, habituation character value of discipline come to school on time, planting the character value of responsibility in the management of the class, and the value of honest character by writing daily activities of the students . Keywords: Character, HOTS, Elementary School


This epilogue brings all of the concepts explored in each chapter to bear on contemporary issues of police violence, mass incarceration, and economic isolation in African American communities in the twenty first century. It makes it very clear that considering this history, it is possible to understand crime in ailing, segregated, and over-policed black communities as a form of protest, in many instances.


• Recognize benefits of data management planning in ensuring data validity and enabling data preservation, sharing, and re-use • Develop clear description of the data to be generated and produced during the study • Define data validation and analytical processes • Define expected outcomes for data • Identify and develop key project documents • Identify stakeholders in data management and scholarly products • Define roles and responsibilities for data management activities • Meet funding agency and publisher requirements for data management planning and practice Collect & Assure


Best-practice guidelines mandate a full postmortem examination in these deaths to identify genetic causes and allow potentially life-saving interventions in the victim's relatives.


Nowadays, consumption of herbal tea has become very popular among Thai people since it is believed that drinking herbal tea is good for health. However, some herbal raw materials used in the manufacture of herbal tea may be contaminated with toxic elements such as arsenic. The main objective of the study was to determine the risk of arsenic contamination in eight kinds of herbal tea sachets, namely, rosella tea, Cassia alata tea, safflower tea, ginger tea, Morus alba tea, senna tea, Thunbergia laurifolia tea and Orthosiphon aristatus tea. The procedures of the study comprised both a survey of herbal tea consumption in Thai people and a quantitative determination of arsenic content in herbal tea sachets. A survey of herbal tea consumption in Thai people was carried out by using a questionnaire. The total arsenic and inorganic arsenic in the selected herbal tea sachets was quantitatively determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The risk assessment described in terms of hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk (CR) was calculated using both deterministic and probabilistic risk assessment. As a result, both HQ and CR values of risk assessment for arsenic contamination in eight kinds of herbal tea sachets remained within acceptance criteria. For probabilistic risk assessment by @RISK® software, the cancer risk values were 1 to 8 in 10,000,000. Generally, the criteria of cancer risk value should not exceed 1 in 1,000,000. From this study, it can be concluded that the consumption of the eight herbal tea sachets does not put one at risk of developing cancer as a result of arsenic intake. Key words: risk assessment of arsenic contamination, herbal tea sachets, herbal tea consumption, determination of arsenic content, atomic absorption spectrophotometry


As a GPST3 I often visit housebound patients who are unable to come to the surgery. Recently I received a request to visit a 40-year-old woman with a complex history of surgery for diverticular disease in 2010, including a Hartmann's procedure.

My consultation was …


A restorative solution is presented for dealing with two crowded root form implants. When crowding is unavoidable as a result of tipped teeth adjacent to an edentulous space, minor modifications in sequence and technique permit an otherwise dormant implant to be utilized. (Implant Dent 1993;2:198–200)


We analyzed the case and rebuttal briefs of interested parties in the 2011-2012 administrative review of the antidumping duty order (AD) on circular welded non-alloy steel pipe (CWP) from the Republic of Korea (Korea). As a result of our analysis, have made changes to the dumping margin calculations. We recommend that you approve the positions described in the "Discussion of Issues" section of this memorandum. Below is the complete list of the issues in this administrative review for which we received comments and rebuttal comments from parties.


Purpose – The main aim of the study is to examine the relationship between foreign trade and migration in the Russian Federation, and an attempt to explain the reasons for revealed relationships, inter alia – on the basis of selected theories in this respect. Research method – The study was based on the statistical analysis of statistical data on trade and migration in the Russian Federation between 2001 and 2017. Results – The study revealed that in the case of the Russian Federation, trade and migration are substitutes.Originality /value – Research on the relationship between foreign trade and migration has not been carried out so far in relation to Russia. Thus, the study can be a contribution to further research on international migration.


ABSTRACT This paper numerically studies the effects of design parameters on the thermal performance and flow resistance under the forced convection of a rectangular minichannel with short elliptical pin fins. The investigations show that fins with a higher fin height and streamwise-oriented major axis direction yield better heat transfer performance, and the volume fraction without fins should be near 0.92. Also, compared to solid metal materials, porous metal is a better choice for fins, which reduces pressure drop significantly with little thermal consumption at proper pore density.


Introduction: Children and adolescents are vulnerable to accidents at schools. Lack of knowledge and skills of their teachers may lead to serious health consequences. Acquiring the basic knowledge and skills of first aid can be invaluable for teachers to be able to provide a proper emergency pre-hospital care in the event of an accident to save life and prevent avoidable consequences. This study reflects the current knowledge and attitudes of male school teachers regarding first aid skills. Methodology: This study was conducted through a cross-sectional analytic study using self-administered questionnaire among (396) male school teachers at governmental and private schools in Qatif City, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was designed and validated by the researcher. It includes social-demographic data, knowledge and attitudes about first-aid measures for the most common incidents in schools. Results, Conclusion and Recommendations: The present study found that most of the school teachers (62.88%) have not attended any training courses in first aid. Their knowledge level appears to be poor (51.26%) to perform effective first aid. Although positive attitudes of the majority still existing among teachers. Therefore, Educational programs in schools to all teachers should be initiated in terms of first aid.


Trivalent thulium can be caused to fluoresce selectively from different levels by choice of the wavelength of exciting radiation. This has made it possible to correct the assignments of emission transitions occurring in the visible range. As a consequence, the detailed data of Gobrecht have been found to be in much closer agreement to the theoretical predictions than formerly realized.


Conventional somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) or conduction studies of the peripheral nerves are examined following transcutaneous electrical stimulation applied to the trunk of the peripheral nerves. The signals following electrical stimulation ascend through large myelinated fibers relating to cutaneous, vibratory and proprioceptive sensation. However, some patients show a relatively preserved cutaneous or vibratory sensation but a marked impairment of pain-temperature sensation, and vice versa, that is, dissociated sensory loss. Therefore, one of the biggest challenges to those studying clinical neurophysiology is to record pain-related SEPs (pain SEPs), that is, responses resulting from impulses ascending through small myelinated fibers relating to pain-temperature sensation. Pain SEPs induced by CO2laser stimulation were reported by Mor and Carmon (1) in 1975, and then several reports included findings of pain SEPs in normal subjects (2-6) and patients with neuropathy (7, 8), myelopathy (9-ll) or


The card I gave my husband, Brent, last January said, "Thank you so much for my wonderful birthday gift. I can't wait to open it on or around September 25th." His puzzled look told me I'd have to explain. "I'm pregnant," I said.


A recent experiment has shown that, in the bcc-hcp transition of solid 4He. the new phase is nucleated at many sites inside the original crystal. Strongly reminiscent of a martensitic transition, the transition is reversible. For this transition, we consider a possible microscopic mechanism, which was earlier applied to martensitic transitions in metallic alloys. We assume that the phase boundary is coherent, and atomic displacements are reversible and do not exceed a unit cell size during the transition. A double-well model is applied to the description of the boundary. The parameters of the boundary are related to the crystal lattice parameters


Significance HIF-1α and CITED2 bind TAZ1 with similar affinity but different binding posture. CITED2 is an efficient competitor of HIF-1α and acts as a negative feedback regulator that attenuates HIF-1 transcriptional activity. Here we clarified the underlying mechanisms and the detailed processes of the competition and displacement between HIF-1α and CITED2, which is important for exploring "hypersensitive regulatory switch" in the cell. We show the dominant position of forming TAZ1–CITED2 complex from both thermodynamics and kinetics, in good agreement with experimental results. Main binding states can be recognized from the free energy landscape and the binding status of the conventional LPQ/EL motif. Switching between the bound LPQL and LPEL motifs is the crucial step of displacement between HIF-1α and CITED2. The TAZ1 domain of CREB binding protein is crucial for transcriptional regulation and recognizes multiple targets. The interactions between TAZ1 and its specific targets are related to the cellular hypoxic negative feedback regulation. Previous experiments reported that one of the TAZ1 targets, CITED2, is an efficient competitor of another target, HIF-1α. Here, by developing the structure-based models of TAZ1 complexes, we have uncovered the underlying mechanisms of the competitions between the two intrinsic disordered proteins (IDPs) HIF-1α and CITED2 binding to TAZ1. Our results support the experimental hypothesis on the competition mechanisms and the apparent affinity. Furthermore, the simulations locate the dominant position of forming TAZ1–CITED2 complex in both thermodynamics and kinetics. For thermodynamics, TAZ1–CITED2 is the lowest basin located on the free energy surface of binding in the ternary system. For kinetics, the results suggest that CITED2 binds to TAZ1 faster than HIF-1α. In addition, the analysis of contact map and Φ values is important for guiding further experimental studies to understand the biomolecular functions of IDPs.


The invention relates to parenteral dosage forms of administration that comprise a suspension of the salt of the active substances tramadol and diclofenac.


The main aim of my thesis is to propose a procedure for the introduction of environmental management system according to ISO 14001 for conditions MEZOPRAVNY spol. s.r.o. In the theoretical section describes the quality management system ISO 9001 and environ-mental management system according to ISO 14001. In conclusion, also shed theoretical analysis using ratios. The analytical part describes the organization, where I processed the thesis, followed by a description of the process of implementing a quality management system is further analyzed using ratios and evaluation of this system, including proposals and recommendations. Project section contains a proposal for the introduction of an envi-ronmental management system according to ISO 14001. At the end of this section are well established benefits of the system and the cost of certification.


The solid waste management is regarded to be one of the fastest arising waste streams in the world, especially the waste from Electric and Electronic equipment's (WEEEs). The waste utilization is sustainable solution to the environmental problem and use of waste materials reduces the cost of concrete in the production of house building environment. This paper presented an experimental work have been done to determine the effects of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) under the curing conditions of 2.1 pH in sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and 0.5 N in Hydrochloric Acid (Hcl) severally. The replacement percentages of RCA were 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% respectively. The partial replacement of RCA to achieve the mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength) and chemical properties (corrosion resistance and alkali attack) of concrete by utilizing E–waste as compared with the ordinary conventional concrete. The present study aspire that the major work has been replacing of E–waste in the production of low cost concrete in civil engineering society.


NS is a powerful network simulating software which can be put to use in various situations above the network layers. It is written in C++ and TCL with a large amount of network objects are defined in C++ class library which can be used directly by the user, on the other hand ,the user can create new objects. In this paper, we talk about the NS's structure and data output, especially how to create new network objects to extend the function of NS.


The staggering success of fibre optic communications forced the view that other functions of the network may be performed by optics. One of the first was photonic switching. In spite of substantial progress in the field photonic switching is of marginal importance in networks. The reason for that lies in the cost and complexity of the performance monitoring which is of fundamental importance in networks It is suggested that substantial more work is required on performance monitoring and standards in order to introduce photonic switching in networks.


It is widely used in treating severe hypertension, and when administered orally as the hydrogen tartrate it is completely absorbed and thereafter excreted rapidly in the urine (Harington et al., 1958). Hitherto, concentrations of pempidine in the blood of patients treated with the drug could not be measured because existing analytical methods were too insensitive. However, a technique described by Muggleton and Reading (1959) has now made it possible to estimate the amount of pempidine in plasma from patients having single or repeated (maintenance) oral doses, which embrace the whole range normally used in clinical practice. Plasma pempidine concentrations have therefore been studied with reference to the hypotensive effect of the drug. Also, data obtained from hypertensive out-patients on maintenance treatment have been compared with plasma concentrations of pempidine found in similar patients treated in hospital.


s of some of the recent theses and proJects donated to DISC are published as part of a focus on current research In occupational therapy. The theses are available on loan from DISC, on payment of a £7 postage and handling fee. Jackson, L Involving service users when deflning need and developing prevocational services for people with Iong-term mental health problems. Canterbury Christ Church College. University of Kent at Canterbury, 1995. MSc Interprofessional Health and Community StUdies (Occupational Therapy). This project used a qualitative research process to investigate the needs, problems and views of service users with longterm mental health problems who live in the Shepway locality of S E Kent, and who wish to participate in prevocational and vocational schemes. The outcome goals were to facilitate service user involvement, to foster the development of appropriate preand vocational services in direct response to service user need and enable purposeful activity for the long-term mentally ill. In respect of these, a service user was employed as a research assistant and an action research approach was used to enable greater understanding and improvement of practice.


In this paper, we propose a method that uses both semantic rules and machine learning to extract infectious disease events in Vietnamese electronic news, which can be used in a real-time system of monitoring the spread of diseases. Our method contains two important steps: detecting disease events from unstructured data and extracting information of the disease events. The event detection uses semantic rules and machine learning to detect a disease event; in the later step, Name Entity Recognition (NER), rules, and dictionaries are used to capture the event's information. The performance of detection step is ≈77,33% (F-score) and the precision of extraction step is ≈91,89%. These results are better that those of the experiments in which rules were not used. This indicates that our method is suitable for extracting disease events in Vietnamese text.


: An efficient microwave supported solvent free synthesis of 3,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene-N-phenylpiperidine-2,6-diones described with the subsequent condensation of N-phenyl glutarimides with 4-hydroxy-3methoxy-benzaldehyde inpresence neutral alumina. The afforded compounds exhibited good and remarkable antifungal activities. On the other hand, the chalcone showed significant cytotoxic activities against cell line, hepatocellular and lung carcinoma and breast cancer [17] and also potent microbial agents [18] . The clalcone based five membered pyrazoles are prepared by hydrazine hydrate or aromatic hydrazines in presence of sodium acetate [19] , acetic acid [20,21] , amberlyst [22] catalysts by conventional and microwave [23-25] , facile grinding [26] , chromine ring opening [27] , solvent free [28] , one pot tandem [29] and regio-selective [30] methods so on. The pyrazolinederivatives state the reasonable antibacterial [31] , antifungal [32] activities.


In this paper, we analyzed e-learning system and educations based on them which are carried out at some universities, currently. Also the study on the improvement of adaptability to e-learning system is introduced.


The climate of the reception of immigrants to the United States has soured, and circumstances are becoming increasingly difficult for persons seeking to gain residency. Reasons often given for the reversal in this practice are that immigrants are poor, uneducated, take jobs away from Americans, and use valuable resources otherwise available to the native-born. This at-best cautionary condition is unfortunate, not only because it decreases diversity in a society already afraid of "the other", but because the US is the very model founded on foreigners trying to make lives for themselves. In evidence now is a disdain and distrust of foreigners that could eventually affect all people in the US, resulting in an atmosphere of suspicion and negativity toward anyone who is perceived as different. This design thesis posits that immigrants are important additions to local neighborhoods and economies. If they are supported physically and psychologically during their initial period of arrival, they can more readily become integral members of American society. The design of housing, a learning center, and incorporation of the arts becomes a new means by which immigrants can retain ties to their cultural heritage, while concurrently increasing self-sufficiency, dispelling ignorance, and fostering greater acceptance and knowledge in the community at large. Thesis supervisor: John Fernandez, Assistant Professor of Architecture and Building Technology


The Five Powers Defence Arrangement, the only multilateral military agreement in Southeast Asia, provides a framework in which the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) can cooperate militarily. It has become an increasingly active agreement in the 1980s, in response to the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia and the inexorable Soviet naval and air buildup at Cam Ranh Bay. Since China became a regional superpower in the 1990s, the FPDA has increased in influence, becoming the defence security umbrella in which U.S. forces, through ANZUS, provide ASEAN security confidence despite the U.S. withdraw from Southeast Asia. Australia, a middle-power state, plays a key role in Southeast Asian security. Despite the public clams by Australian Officials that Australia has no intention to organize a military agreement against China, China remains skeptical. The Southeast Asian nations thus need to engage China with such cooperative security mechanisms as confidence-building measures to decrease China's misunderstanding and misconceptions.


The adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) was briefly introduced,By LabVIEW software,the fuzzy inference system was programmed and applied to the distribution reactive power compensation.The LabVIEW simulation and training practice show that this control way can find the suitable compensation capacity to achieve better compensation result.


Abstract : The penetration of nitrogen into two commercial steels (Nitralloy 135M and AISI 4140) was studied under glow-discharge conditions. Comparisons are made with those steels conventionally nitrided. With the use of identical conditions of temperature and time, the depth of penetration was observed to be consistently higher for ion-nitrided samples than for gas-nitrided samples. Further, the thickness of the white layer (Fe4N) is substantially less for ion-nitrided specimens than for those specimens commercially nitrided. The dual role of hydrogen ions in cleansing the work surface and in inhibiting the growth of the surface-layer nitrides was established. (Author)


For a successful integration of silicon in high-capacity anodes of Li-ion batteries, its intrinsic capacity decay on cycling due to severe volume swelling should be minimized. In this work, Ni–Sn intermetallics are studied as a buffering matrix during reversible lithiation of Si-based anodes. Si/Ni–Sn composites have been synthesized by mechanical milling using C and Al as process control agents. Ni3Sn4 and Ni3Sn2 intermetallics and their bi-phasic mixture were used as constituents of the buffering matrix. The structure, composition and morphology of the composites have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), 119Sn Transmission Mossbauer Spectroscopy (TMS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). They consist of ∼150 nm Si nanoparticles embedded in a multi-phase matrix, the nanostructuration of which improves on increasing the Ni3Sn4 amount. The electrochemical properties of the composites were analyzed by galvanostatic cycling in half-cells. Best results for practical applications are found for the bi-phasic matrix Ni3Sn4–Ni3Sn2 in which Ni3Sn4 is electrochemically active while Ni3Sn2 is inactive. Low capacity loss, 0.04% per cycle, and high coulombic efficiency, 99.6%, were obtained over 200 cycles while maintaining a high reversible capacity above 500 mA h g−1 at moderate regime C/5.


Temperature is notably the most difficult quantity to measure in shock compression experiments; however, it is critical for accurately constraining theoretical or tabular equations of state. Until now, the temperature achieved during the shock loading of porous materials could only be calculated. The technique presented in this report measures, for the first time, the shocked temperature of porous systems.


India is the second largest country in the population in the world. A large percentage of population lives in rural areas only. It provides a big rural market to the companies. Companies which had entered the rural market early are now known as leaders of rural market. Rural leaders are taking a more focused approach to compete in the rural market as well as they are tailoring their strategies according to the changing needs of rural consumers. Rural leaders are succeeding as they overcome the challenges by building mutually beneficial relationships with rural communities. Rural leaders are going beyond the traditional selling approaches which will provide them with the opportunity of making more profits. Unique model of sales and distribution network tailored to rural India's needs can be a key to future growth.


A low-density, flexible cantilevered cylinder was permitted to vibrate freely under the influence of vortex shedding in the laminar flow regime. We find that the vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of a flexible cantilever depart from those of a flexible cylinder that is fixed at both ends. In particular, we find discontinuous regions of VIV behavior – here called states – as a function of the reduced velocity U*. These states are demarcated by discrete changes in the dominant eigenmodes of the structural response as the cylinder vibrates in progressively higher structural modes with increasing U*. The contribution of structural modes can be identified readily by a modal projection of the cylinder oscillation onto known cantilever beam modes. Oscillation frequencies do not monotonically increase with U*. The wake response between different states is also found to have distinct characteristics; of particular note is the occurrence of a P+S wake over one of these regions, which is associated with a high-amplitu...


Background and Purpose:
 Bypassing the emergency department (ED) and the CT suite by directly transporting to the neuroangiography suite for imaging assessment and treatment may shorten reperfusion times while maintaining proper patient selection.

 Methods:
 Patients from prospectively collected databases of 4 international comprehensive stroke centers with large vessel occlusion strokes transferred for endovascular therapy (ET) were identified and divided into 2 groups:(1) Direct to angio-suite (DTAS) and (2) standard protocol including CT+/-CTA/CTP. Only patient with anterior circulation strokes, pre-mRS 0-2 and baseline NIHSS The groups were matched for age and baseline NIHSS ≥6 were included. Baseline characteristics, time metrics and outcomes were compared.

 Results:
 548 patients (274 pairs) were included in the analysis. Baseline characteristics were well-balanced. DTAS patients had shorter median picture-to-puncture (14 [8-20] vs 37 [25-50] minutes, p<0.001)and door-to-reperfusion (68 [57-91.5] vs 100.5 [74-140] minutes,p<0.001)times. In terms of outcomes, DTAS patients had higher rates of successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b-3, 87.2% vs 73.3%, p<0.001) and full reperfusion (mTICI 2c-3, 51.3% vs 38.3%, p=0.004), and lower rates of parenchymal hematomas (14% vs 27%, p<0.001). There were no differences between groups in rates of good outcome (90-day mRS-0-2, 39.2% vs 38.5%, p=0.87) and 90-day mortality (24.2% vs 24.9%, p=0.87).

 Conclusions:
 DTAS is safe, feasible and an effective strategy to reduce treatment times. The clinical benefit of this approach should be assessed in a prospective randomized trial.


A method of spectrum analysis using electrical filters, that is, the band-pass sigma meter and the high-pass sigma meter, and their characteristics are investigated.   It is found, from the results processed by the band-pass sigma meter, that the spectrum shows the one which is averaged for a fairly long time and smoothed. It is also found that this method is very useful and effective in deciding the peak frequency of the spectrum though the spectrum functions can not be obtained so accurately when the spectrum is not distributed in a relatively wide frequency range.   This method of estimating an energy spectrum is applicable not only to laboratory data but also to field ones.   It is shown by graphical calculation of the spectrum that the method of spectrum analysis using several high-pass sigma meters of which the transfer functions are the 4th order or more higher order is more proper than that using the band-pass sigma meter, in obtaining a spectrum accurately.


The architecture and implementation of a robot oxygen plasma cutting system were introduced.The principal of the control system was analyzed with the view of multi-agents.The system integration and its implementation techniques were focused.The justification of system integration techniques based on multi-agent principle was conducted through an oxygen plasma cutting application on the platform of an industry robot.


The pharmacokinetics of lithium carbonate were investigated in rabbits with folate-induced renal failure. The blood level, the area under the blood concentration curve (AUC) and the biological half·life were increased significantly, and the urinary excretion was decreased significantly compared with those of normal rabbits. Correlation of serum creatinine concentration and AUC, biological half-life, and correlation of creatinine clearance and renal clearance of lithium carbonate have linear relationship respectively. In short, dosage regimen of lithium carbonate is considered to be adjusted in the dose size and the dosing interval by degree of experimental renal failure.


This report discusses an issue currently before Congress regarding the appropriate size of strategic airlift fleet. There is a consensus among policy makers that the Department of Defense (DOD) must maintain a robust and effective strategic airlift fleet.


Chapter 1: The Green Plant. Chapter 2: The Soil. Chapter 3: Describing and Identifying Plants. Chapter 4: Plant Growth Regulators. Chapter 5: Plant Reproduction. Chapter 6: Plant Pests and Their Control. Chapter 7: Floral Design. Chapter 8: The Interior Use of Plants. Chapter 9: Landscape Design. Chapter 10: Installing Landscape Plants. Chapter 11: Maintaining Landscape Plants. Chapter 12: Special Training Techniques for Plants. Chapter 13: Turf: Selection, Establishment, and Maintenance. Chapter 14: Techniques of Plant Propagation. Chapter 15: The Floriculture Industry. Chapter 16: The Nursery Industry. Chapter 17: The Landscape Industry. Chapter 18: Specializes and Nontraditional Careers. Chapter 19: Greenhouses and Other Growing Structures. Chapter 20: Greenhouse Production Techniques. Chapter 21: Nursery Production Techniques. Chapter 22: Beginning and Promoting an Ornamental Horticulture Business. Chapter 23: Human Relations: Personnel Management and Customer Sales. Chapter 24: Business Communications. Chapter 25: Record Keeping, Pricing and Determining Profit. Chapter 26: Computer Technology and the Internet in the Ornamental Horticulture Industry. Chapter 27: Total Quality Management. Glossary. Appendix. Index.


A copper(II) Schiff base complex bearing hydroxyl groups [bis(4-hydroxysalicylaldehyde)ethylenediaminate] copper(II), [Cu(4-HOsalen)], was directly anchored onto an air-oxidized activated carbon. Oxidation of the activated carbon was done with a mixture of air and N2 (with 5% O2) to increase the oxygenated surface functional groups, and complex immobilization was made by attachment of the metal complex hydroxyl groups to carbon surface groups. The adsorption/desorption of the metal complexes onto the oxidized activated carbon was monitored by UV−vis spectroscopy. Carbon-based materials were characterized by elemental analysis, surface techniques (scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron microscopy), nitrogen adsorption isotherms, and thermal analysis (temperature-programmed desorption and thermogravimetry). EPR spectra of both free and carbon-supported [Cu(4-HOsalen)] complexes were recorded. A comparative study with the unfunctionalized copper complex, [Cu(salen)], was also performed to asses...


Accurate autonomous marker detection and measurement is essential for high precision anatomical registration. The measurement should be in real‐time, accurate, and robust to the varied conditions of the operation theatre.


Splenosis is defined as autotransplantation of splenic tissue, which is a sequel to traumatic or surgical injury to the splenic capsule with intraperitoneal seeding of splenic pulp. These splenic implants may be located anywhere in the abdominal cavity. Splenosis is usually asymptomatic and is an incidental finding. We report a case of a 43-year-old man in whom multiple abdominal masses were identified as splenosis. Rather than go through the risks associated with invasive tissue diagnosis, we used 99m Tc heat-damaged red cell scintigraphy, a non-invasive and specific test, to confirm the diagnosis. Intraperitoneal splenosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal masses in patients splenectomized as a consequence of trauma. Many aggressive diagnostic techniques and unnecessary surgical treatments can be avoided. (Korean J Med 74:S33-S36, 2008)


We evaluate the hedging performance of a high-order compact finite difference scheme from [4] for option pricing in Bates model. We compare the scheme's hedging performance to standard finite difference methods in different examples. We observe that the new scheme outperforms a standard, second-order central finite difference approximation in all our experiments.


Rock texture has a critical influence on the way rocks weather. The most important textural factors affecting weathering are grain size and the presence of cracks and stylolites. These discontinuities operate as planes of mechanical weakness at which chemical weathering is enhanced. However, it is unclear how different rock textures impact weathering rates and the size of weathered grains. Here, we use a numerical model to simulate weathering of rocks possessing grain boundaries, cracks, and stylolites. We ran simulations with either synthetic or natural patterns of discontinuities. We found that for all patterns, weathering rates increase with discontinuity density. When the density was <~25%, the weathering rate of synthetic patterns followed the order: grid > honeycomb > Voronoi > brick wall. For higher values, all weathering rates were similar. We also found that weathering rates decreased as the tortuosity of the pattern increased. Moreover, we show that textural patterns strongly impact the size distributions of detached grains. Rocks with an initial monomodal grain size distribution produce weathered fragments that are normally distributed. In contrast, rocks with an initial log‐normal size distribution produce weathered grains that are log‐normally distributed. For the natural patterns, weathering produced lower modality distributions.


Issues related to environmental complexity,information uncertainty and the objectivity of the information security risk assessment(ISRA) are analyzed based on typical artificial intelligence methods used in the ISRA field.The advantages and weaknesses of these methods are seen in a comprehensive artificial intelligence assessment method that combines multiple fuzzy comprehensive evaluation with entropy weight theory.Practical ISRA examples are used in a comparison with existing ISRA methods.The results show that the improved method is more effective and more practical for the ISRA applications.


The current study attempts to investigate the details, conditions, and factors of the procedure of utilizing oil as a means, while some powerful politicians and governing circles, especially in Britain, getting the impression of the aim prospects of newly found political figures in Germany amongst the social-nationalists, attempted to apply them in their unattainable aims in regards with the legal characteristics of the Versailles Treaty. To meet that aim, a descriptive-analytical method is utilized and several related documents and sources are taken into account. Based on the results, the factual lack of its oil fields in the Weimar Republic and the oil supplies monopolization concerning executing a "legal mechanism for propelling Germany toward the East" facilitated controlling the Hitler regime's foreign policy action to a particular point.


Background and objective: Extension of knowledge and information is given a new meaning to the concept of education. One of The most important reasons for the use of e-learning in medical education is that learning is learned by the learners themselves. This method facilitates their individualized education programs. This study introduced the challenges and solutions for the achievement of e-learning in medical education. Materials and Methods: This is a review article that was implemented a comprehensive review using the World Wide Web. The databases such as Medline, Ovid, ProQuest, and PubMed as well as key words "e-learning, educational challenges and medical education" in Persian and English languages were used. Of the 80 articles fund, 30 articles which were related to the research objective were chosen. Results: The research showed that e-learning, despite its advantages and wide applications, has drawbacks including the lack of implementation by lecturer due to lack of knowledge of its functioning, the fading role of lecturer, lack of expertise in its application, fear of its application, special cultural beliefs and insufficient resources. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider establishing standards and substructures for achieving the implementation of e-learning in medical education. Because of inexperience of universities of medical sciences in Iran compared with other universities around the world, we suggest using the experience of universities in other countries. Also holding workshops based on e-learning can be effective.


Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial contamination of cell phone in dental and engineering schools and also investigating the effect of an antibacterial spray. Method and Materials: A questionnaire was completed by participants, including the pattern of using mobile phones and their disinfection. The number of participants was 120 students and professors in each of dental and engineering schools. Swabs from mobile phones of the participants were taken and plated on culture medium. The t-test, Chi-Square with the SPSS 11.5 program were used in data analysis. Results: In total, 240 mobile phones were cultured for microorganisms, while 65.8% (n = 158) were culture-positive. One hundred percent of professors, 98% of students' dental school and 72% of professors and 62% of students of engineering, believe that mobile can serve as a source of pathogens. The most commonly cultured organisms were Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus Faecalis, and Pseudomonas. The current study showed that none of the mobile phones of the professors and students of the engineering university was infected by Pseudomonas and Candida albicans. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that mobile phones may act as an important source of nosocomial pathogens.


Assessments for student influence? The aim of this article is to analyse the relation between assessments and student influence. This is done with examples from ethnographic material, with classroo ...


Often relationships in nature are modelled as mappings between spaces. The roots or fixed points of these mappings play a crucial role in understanding their behavior. In practice, we observe only approximations of these mappings. The framework of well groups allows us to quantify the robustness and therefore the significance of the roots of a mapping. For the setting of mappings from an orientable m-manifold to R, we prove a connection between well groups and topological degree theory. This connection allows for an efficient algorithm to compute the robustness of roots. We demonstrate the practicality of our algorithm on several examples of mappings approximated from point clouds in R. ∗Geometrica, INRIA-Saclay, 4, rue Jacques Monod, 91893 Orsay, France


The changes in content and molecular weight of gelatin in hot water extracts from snapping turtles during heating were investigated. The amounts of gelatin and total nitrogen increased rapidly and reached a maximal value after 24h of heating. The breakdown of gelatin molecules occurred during heating; the average molecular weights estimated by a gel filtration and an SDS-polyacrylamide gel elect-ophoresis were approximately 50, 000 and 35, 000 after 8h, 28, 000 after 12h, 8, 000 after 24h, and 4, 000 after 48h. It was suggested that the degradation products of gelatin play an important role on the taste of the soup.


Low /no-hit zone( LHZ /NHZ) frequency hopping( FH) sequence set can be used in quasi-synchronous code division multiple access( QS-CDMA) FH communication system to eliminate multiple access interference. In this paper,a novel construction method of LHZ / NHZ FH sequence set based on interleaving technique is derived. Optimal or sub-optimal LHZ / NHZ FH sets are constructed through interleaving transformation when shift sequences are rationally designed for variable parameters of the sequence sets. Numerical simulations for different parameters are consistent to the construction method,besides,the sequence set constructed by it has less periodical collisions and higher practicality. The novel LHZ / NHZ sequence sets can be employed in QS-CDMA FH communication systems to achieve better performance.


The photothermal effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in solid-state was investigated by employing a sensitive heat detection technique, i.e., photo-Differential Scanning Calorimetry using an incoherent, broadband, continuous wave UV-visible light source of the range 250–450 nm. MWCNTs showed considerable photothermal activity, with the highest value recorded being ∼116.1 W/g arising from ∼ 0.2 mg of the sample under an illumination intensity of ∼ 706.8 mW/cm2. Moreover, a time-dependent two-step response in the heat output was obtained as soon as the irradiation source was turned ON or OFF. In view of the huge anisotropy in thermal conductivity as was reported in the case of MWCNTs, we attribute their origin to the quick detection of heat generated in the outer layer and a second gradual, delayed increase in heat output combining the contributions from the inner tubes as well, which gets conveyed to the exterior layer after a certain time-interval owing to the weak van der Waals interaction between the concentric tubes.The photothermal effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in solid-state was investigated by employing a sensitive heat detection technique, i.e., photo-Differential Scanning Calorimetry using an incoherent, broadband, continuous wave UV-visible light source of the range 250–450 nm. MWCNTs showed considerable photothermal activity, with the highest value recorded being ∼116.1 W/g arising from ∼ 0.2 mg of the sample under an illumination intensity of ∼ 706.8 mW/cm2. Moreover, a time-dependent two-step response in the heat output was obtained as soon as the irradiation source was turned ON or OFF. In view of the huge anisotropy in thermal conductivity as was reported in the case of MWCNTs, we attribute their origin to the quick detection of heat generated in the outer layer and a second gradual, delayed increase in heat output combining the contributions from the inner tubes as well, which gets conveyed to the exterior layer after a certain time-interval owing to the weak van der Waals interaction b...


Multitudinous studies have been carried out on the controllable functionalization and performance evaluation of graphene oxide (GO). In this study, the correlation between the amount of grafted alkylamine on GO and its interfacial assembly behavior at liquid-liquid and liquid-solid interfaces was studied. GO was modified with n-octylamine through basal-functionalization (bGO). The grafting amount of alkylamines was regulated by using two GOs varied in oxidation degree (GO_L and GO_H). Study on the oil-water interfacial behaviors show that bGO_L has better ability to modulate the interfacial tension than that of bGO_H. Grafting alkylamine on GO will not only increase the interaction strength with oil while weaken that with water, but also do damage to the graphene lattice and weaken interaction of π-π stacking, so the bGO_L displays a broader capability to modulate interfacial tensions than that of bGO_H. The bGO based Pickering emulsion was prepared and their interfacial behavior at liquid-solid interface was investigated. Study on the interfacial anti-rust performances demonstrate that grafted alkyl chains in bGOs can form more compact and ordered protective films on the metal surface and enhance the hydrophobicity due to the similar structure to oil in emulsion system, which makes Pickering emulsions show better anti-rust abilities than water dispersions. Meanwhile, bGO_H emulsion show a better anti-rust property than that of bGO_L emulsion. Study on the interfacial tribological behaviors show that the lubricity of bGO_L is better than that of bGO_H. XPS analysis shows that high content of C-O-C/C-OH in lubricating films contribute to the improvement of lubricity. The modulated interfacial assembly properties of GO at both liquid-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces, suggesting their potential applications in surface protection, lubrication, controllable drug deliveries, absorption and separation, nanocomposites and catalysts fields.


the relationship between the school and the community is a relationship that is carried out with good cooperation in order to create a good work as well. Between the school are inseparable because all are sourced in the community without the exsistence of the community will not run well. To achieve the goals of education and planning held in certain environments using resources, both human and on human, school sponsored by the community. husemas is a process of communication between school ang the community understanding of educational needs and activities and that encourage community interest and cooperation in school improvement and development


This paper addresses how UniTherapy, a telerehabilitation platform developed primarily for computer-assisted motivating rehabilitation applications, is being turned into an accessible service. This process has involved transformation to a service-oriented universal access infrastructure that also supports intelligent context-aware user interface generation that is dependent on current and emerging standards such as the V2 standard for universal remote consoles. It also has involved support for a steadily increasing, diverse menu of approaches for performance assessment, and of interfaces for promoting universal access. Progress and key issues are discussed.


Auteur(s) : Zoran Ivanovic Aquitaine-Limousin Branch of the French Blood Institute, Bordeaux, France accepte le 23 Decembre 2009 Eukaryotic physiology is founded upon aerobic metabolism. This results in the synthesis of highly energetic phosphates, that is highly dependent upon the presence of oxygen (O2). However, the O2 concentration must be adapted to the particular metabolic type of cell, which is why one of the major functions of the respiratory system and circulation is to provide an [...]


ABSTRACT Registration of TLS data is an important prerequisite to overcome the limitations of occlusion. Most existing registration methods rely on stems to determine the transformation parameters. However, the complexity of the registration problem increases dramatically as the number of stems grows. It is tricky to reduce the stems and determine the valid ones that can provide reliable registration transformation without a knowledge of the two scans. This paper presents an automatic and fast registration of TLS point clouds in forest areas. It reduces stems by selecting from the overlap areas, which are recovered from the mode-based key points that are detected from crowns. The proposed method was tested in a managed forest in Finland, and was compared with the stem-based registration method without reducing stems. The experiments demonstrated that the mean rotation error was 2.09′, and the mean errors in horizontal and vertical translation were 1.13 and 7.21 cm, respectively. Compared with the stem-based method, the proposed method improves the registration efficiency significantly (818 s vs 96 s) and achieves similar results in terms of the mean registration errors (1.94′ for rotation error, 0.83 and 7.38 cm for horizontal and vertical translation error, respectively).


Introduction: This study aims at determining the mode of suicidal, accidental and homicidal cases along
with the sort of poisoning in north Indian population in relation to age, gender, profession, marital status,
upshot of diverse cases of poisons and prerequisite of ventilatory support in dissimilar kind of poisonings.
Materials and Methods: The study includes patients who had been earlier exposed to the to poison either
by domestic or farming pesticide, snakebite, toxic plants, stings, manufacturing pollutant, drugs or varied
stuffs. The status of patients undergone through poisoning regardless of age, gender, sort as well as method
of poisoning, constituent of poisons were recorded in a proforma as prescribed by WHO guidelines .Results:
Poisoning was more during summer season was found to be having the majority of cases which comprised
35.0% of the total recorded incidents. Household and agricultural agents comprising of the 55.2% of the
total were followed by bites and stings comprising 26.2% were allied with a large amount of poisoning.
Conclusion: The prototype of poisoning in the current study is no exception with the patterns observed
in most of the other associated studies, preponderance of fatalities comprised male and toxins used for
agriculture affairs.


Stable isotope analysis has been used in many studies on the nutritional ecology of mammalian species. One of the merits of using stable isotope ratios as a dietary indicator is that stable isotope ratios of body tissue reflect those of foods assimilated, not just ingested foods (Hobson and Clark 1992; Hilderbrand et al. 1996; Kelly 2000). Another merit of using stable isotope ratios is that isotopic signatures indicate integrated dietary information over different time periods (e.g., weeks, months, years) because of the different turnover rates of dietderived stable isotopes in consumer tissues (Tieszen et al. 1983; Hobson and Clark 1992; Hilderbrand et al. 1996). Results of analyses of fecal and stomach contents, which many wildlife researchers have relied on, have problems such as overestimation of hardly-digestible diets or diets consumed largely at some particular moment (Hewitt and Robbins 1996). These shortcomings of traditional techniques have been overcome by the development of stable isotope analysis methods, and stable isotope analysis has provided deeper insights for nutritional ecology of wildlife (Hilderbrand et al. 1996; Hilderbrand et al. 1999a; Hilderbrand et al. 1999b; Jacoby et al. 1999; Felicetti et al. 2003b). Studies on mammals in which stable isotopes are used as dietary tracers require estimation of how long it takes for stable isotopes in tissues to be replaced by isotopes derived from the diet. When we estimate food habits using stable isotopes, accuracy of estimation depends on how appropriately sources in the mass balance models are selected (Minagawa 1992; Phillips and Gregg 2003), and knowledge of the isotopic turnover rates is necessary for appropriate selection of the sources. When we conduct experiments to estimate isotopic discrimination values, information on isotopic turnover rates is essential to decide periods of feeding trials (Hilderbrand et al. 1996; Felicetti et al. 2003b). Food habits of the Hokkaido brown bear have been investigated by fecal or stomach contents analysis (Aoi 1985; Sato 2002). However, shortcomings in the analysis method mentioned earlier would be more significant for omnivorous species like brown bears. Introduction of a method for stable isotope analysis for this species is needed. Moreover, recent research revealed the importance of nutritional ecology of ursid (bear) species for ecosystem conservation (Hilderbrand et al. 2004; Robbins et al. 2004). Nutritional ecological research on bears in Japan would also be necessary for better ecosystem conservation in Japan. When we treat hibernating ursid species, physiological changes during hibernation should be considered. In this paper, we report the results of experiments estimating isotopic turnover rates as well as determining possible seasonal fluctuation in turnover rates of captive Hokkaido brown bears.


The <63-µm fractions of serpentinite muds from two seamounts on the Mariana and Izu-Bonin forearcs were analyzed for mineral composition by X-ray diffraction and for chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence. The silt fraction of the muds consists predominantly of chrysotile, brucite, and ample amorphous constituents. Chlorite and smectite are less abundant components. Of special interest is the occurrence of iowaite, a brucite-like, Cl-bearing mineral with a layered structure. Iowaite was not found in the samples from the summit site of one of the seamounts drilled; however, it is scattered throughout the strata, composing the flanks of both seamounts investigated. No systematic change of the iowaite abundance with depth was observed. The distribution of iowaite is confined to the surface of the flanks of the seamount. Based on the distribution on the mineral and its chemical composition, we suggest that the iowaite formed by oxidation of some of the ferrous iron in brucite contained in the serpentine mud as it contacted abyssal seawater during protrusion onto the seafloor. The resulting positive charge imparted to the brucite was compensated by the uptake of seawater chloride. Consequently, the formation of iowaite is restricted to the seafloor where oxygen and chloride are available for these reactions. The availability of oxygen is considered the limiting factor. We conclude that iowaite formation cannot be a major cause for the low chlorinity of pore fluids inside the seamounts.


BACKGROUND
Traditional production of dry salted shrimp enhances cholesterol oxidation and astaxanthin degradation in the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of the antioxidants butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) to cooked shrimp on the formation of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and astaxanthin degradation during solar drying of shrimp.

RESULTS
The added antioxidants significantly inhibited the COPs formation after the product was boiled in brine. Smaller amounts of COPs were formed in antioxidant-treated shrimps (~ -23%) as compared to untreated samples. The antioxidants continued to significantly inhibit the COPs formation (~ -39%) during sun drying. Likewise, TBHQ and BHT reduced by 51.3% and 37.2%, respectively, the degradation rate of astaxanthin, favoring a higher retention of this carotenoid in the final product.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of the antioxidants BHT and TBHQ in the preparation of dry salted shrimp significantly inhibited the formation of COPs after cooking raw shrimp and during direct solar drying. They also protected astaxanthin contained in the cooked shrimp from photodegradation. These results are technologically relevant because it is possible to prepare a product with a higher content of astaxanthin and lower the presence of hazardous COPs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


By using the microwave-assisted method to digest the sample of forest frog's liver,bone,endothelial and skin tissue,the research took 30 min to complete the whole pre-process including weighing,digesting and calibrating the volume of the sample.With the help of the Inductively coupled plasma spectrometry method,it took only 1 min to detect 22 elements in one sample.It is quick,convenient,accurate and preciser than the conventional wet digestion and dry ashing sample preparation method.This research used 15 min to digest the sample using microwave and the power was set to 360 W.The mixed acid system was HNO3-HCl-H2O2-H2O whose ratio was 8∶ 2∶ 2∶ 3.Using the microwave method to digest the sample of frog's skin greatly shortened the period of analysis procedure.Choosing the standard solution medium matching method could eliminate the interference of the medium.At the same time,using the inductively coupled plasma atomic spectroscopy method,the constant and trace elements in the sample of forest frog tissue could be easily detected.This method was verified according to the national liver standard GBW08551.The relative error value of the result was tested between 0.17% ~ 6.67% and the relative standard deviation value was between 0.47% ~ 4.94% .Every detection index met the testing requirements of biological samples and the result was satisfied.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NPPV)in the patients with conscious disturbance due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)and respiratory failure.Methods A prospective case-control study was conducted in the respiratory intensive care unit(RICU)of Anzhen Hospital over 28 months.Twenty-one of forty three consecutive AECOPD patients requiring NPPV for hypercapnic respiratory failure were assignated into group A(Glasgow coma scale 10,n=11)and group B(GCS≥10,n=10)and matched for age,sex,COPD course,tobacco comsumption and previous hospitalization history.Results Compared with group B,group A had a higher level of baseline PaCO_2 [(108±25)mm Hg vs(75±11)mm Hg,P0.01],lower levels of GCS(7.2±1.8 vs 12.1±1.6,P0.01),arterial pH value(7.17±0.06 vs 7.29±0.05,P0.01)and PaO_2/FiO_2 [(169± 46)mm Hg vs(186±38)mm Hg,P0.05].The NPPV success rate and hospital mortality were 63.6%(7/11)and 18.2%(2/11)in group A,which were comparable to those in group B [80.0%(8/10)and 10.0%(1/10),P0.05].The patients in group A required higher maximal pressure support of an average of 5 cm H_2O during NPPV and prolonged NPPV time by 3 days,prolonged ICU stay by 3 days and prolonged hospital stay by 5 days,respectively(P0.05 or P0.01).Four patients in group A failed to respond to NPPV due to excessive airway secretion,aspiration or hemodynamic instability.Two cases in group B failed because of excessive airway secretion.Conclusion AECOPD patients with conscious disturbance can respond well to NPPV and conscious disturbance may be not a contraindication of NPPV.


The electrical admittance of rectifying metal–semiconductor contacts on n-type GaAs/Ga(As, N)/GaAs heterostructures depends strongly on frequency and temperature. The distinct dispersion is due to the relatively high diffusion barrier around the Ga(As, N) layer. As long as the admittance is controlled by electrons inside the Ga(As, N) layer, their response to the ac electric field is dependent on frequency and temperature. Under appropriate conditions, capacitance–voltage measurements can be used to examine depth-resolved electrical characteristics of n-type GaAs/Ga(As, N)/GaAs heterostructures. The experimental depth profiles of the carrier concentration are compared with calculations based on self-consistent solutions of the Poisson equation. For 3% GaN mole fraction, the conduction band offset between GaAs and Ga(As, N) is found to be −(0.40±0.01) eV, i.e., about 95% of the total band gap difference. The heterointerfaces are of type I. At the Ga(As, N)-on-GaAs interface, negative charges of about 1.3×1...


Predicting whether a sentence entails another sentence, contradicts another sentence, or is in a neutral entailment relation with another sentence is both an important NLP task as well as a sophisticated way of testing semantic sentence encoding models. In this project, I evaluate three sentence encoding models on the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) corpus. In particular, I investigate whether the incorporation of syntactic information in the form of dependency tree labels into a recurrent model leads to better sentence representations. I confirm previous results that show that LSTM-RNNs outperform a simple sum-of-words baseline but my results also suggest that this simple method of incorporating syntactic information has no stable positive effects on the performance of the model.


Status is a social position one occupies in a society with its associated advantages and obligations. Being a part of the social web, this position is linked naturally to other social positions. In a purely sociological sense, status does not imply any grading, ranking or hierarchy among different social positions. However, the very fact that a particular social position carries certain benefits, privileges or power and these positions are related to each other, some status positions are seen as superior to others. It is in this context that the status or position of women is seen as inferior to that of men in any given society. Each or status position is expressed in terms of a Role. Role denotes a set of expectations and obligations associated with a particular status position within a group or social situation. The expectations and obligations entailed by a role are in terms of activities and qualities. (GOI, CSWI, 1974) In short, while status defines who a person is, role defines what such a person is expected to do.


Secure data sharing in cloud computing systems is critical to protecting data from unauthorized access or manipulation. Conventional data security approaches are insufficient to assure total data protection in the cloud, and new strategies are necessary. Access control, data encryption, tokenization, digital signatures, data masking, data backup and recovery, virtual private networks, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and cloud access security brokers are among the techniques investigated in this paper for secure data sharing in cloud computing systems. Furthermore, the study investigates safe data sharing applications in a variety of industries, including healthcare, banking, education, government, retail, manufacturing, legal, and non-profit. These examples show how secure data sharing can improve cooperation, efficiency, and trust in a variety of industries. Secure data sharing in cloud computing platforms is critical, and firms must employ adequate security measures to protect their data. Organizations may ensure that their data is secure, available only to authorized individuals, and used to promote cooperation, efficiency, and trust by implementing the methodologies and applications discussed in this paper.


This empirical study was conducted to identify the different factors that influence Pakistani student's career choices. Five leading professions i.e. business and management sciences, medical, pharmacy, engineering and agriculture were selected to identify the factors. A survey was conducted using close ended Likert scale type questionnaire on the sample of 523 students from mentioned background. Multi-criteria decision analysis technique apply to rank the professions from best to worse one by using PROMETHEE.  Further analysis was done by using Structured Equation Modelling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis technique. The results suggests that medical profession is superior among other professions. The result also indicate that personal interest, self-esteem and societal influence were major factors that significantly impact career selection of business and management. For medical profession, self-efficacy and self-esteem found to have a positive influence. For pharmacy profession, growth opportunities, psychological factor, self-efficacy and self-esteem have a significant influence. For engineering profession psychological factor, self-efficacy and societal influence show positive affect. For agriculture profession, self-esteem, psychological factor and growth opportunities show favorable results. The findings of the study will help students who want to peruse any of the above mentioned professions. This study open ups the door for career guidance and counselling in Pakistan and provide valuable information to policy makers and recruiters as to keep in mind the factors that affect students when they associated with these professions. Keywords : profession selection, career choices, Pakistani students, PROMETHEE, self-esteem, PLS-SEM DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-36-16 Publication date: December 31 st 2019


Forty-six psychotherapy students in three groups at one training institute for psychoanalytic psychotherapy in Sweden were asked to fill out a questionnaire about important influences on their professional development during their three-year training and afterwards. The questionnaire was distributed on three occasions during the training program and on one later occasion. Twenty-one students responded to the questionnaire on all four occasions. Working with patients in therapy, getting supervision, and participating in personal psychotherapy were viewed as the three most important influences on the students. The importance attributed to specialist literature and technical skills seemed to increase over time during the training, while the influences of experiences in personal life and personal qualities decreased. These changes in reported views were reversed in the initial years after graduation. Concerning assets, the students valued the ability to be containing and emphatic as the most important, but in their first years as licensed psychotherapists assigned more importance to the ability to create contact. The training program led to a change over time in a higher rating for the importance of technical and methodological attributes and less emphasis on personal characteristics and experiences. Most of the changes reported during training tended to be reversed afterwards.


Knowledge of targeting signals is of immense importance for understanding the sorting process that underlies the trafficking of proteins, their function and potential interactions. We explore this issue as a fundamentally difficult machine learning problem, and investigate the application of recurrent neural networks – machines naturally biased towards detecting sequential patterns. This paper presents a machine learning solution which goes beyond the prediction accuracy of the well-known TargetP localization predictor. The predictor incorporating the presented improvements is available online.


The demand for tunable surface plasmon (SP) of embedded metal nanoparticles (NPs) in rare earth doped inorganic lasing glasses is ever-growing. Following melt quenching method Er3+ doped zinc-boro-tellurite glasses containing silver (Ag) NPs are prepared. Glasses are heat treated (thermally annealed) at varying temperatures and time duration to alter the NPs morphology which generates SP. The annealing assisted SP resonance mediated modification in spectral features is discerned. Samples heat treatment at 410 °C for 6 hrs duration ensures the reduction of Ag+ ions to Ago NPs. Thermally annealed glasses are characterized via XRD, UV–Vis-IR absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and TEM imaging. XRD spectra confirm the amorphous nature of the glass and TEM image reveals the existence of homogeneously distributed spherically shaped silver NPs of average diameter ~4.5 nm. NPs are found to grow with the increase of both annealing time and temperature. The UV–Vis spectra exhibit seven absorption bands corresponding to 4f–4f transitions of Er3+ ions in the wavelength range of 500-650 nm. The localized SPR band is evidenced at 550 and 580 nm. Heat treatment causes a red shift of the plasmon peaks ascribed to the alteration in glass refractive index. Furthermore, the glass sample annealed for 6 hrs displays maximum enhancement in the emission intensity corresponding to the peaks centered at 536 (2H11/2→4I15/2), 550 (4S3/2→4I15/2) and 632 nm (4F9/2→4I15/2). This enhancement is primarily attributed to the local field effect of the silver NPs. Admirable features of the results suggest that our systematic method for heat treatment in tuning NPs size assisted SPR may contribute towards the development of functional glass.


Organizations are using cloud in their business to survive and to gain cost efficiency. In this organization can utilize pay-per-use pattern of service and different methodologies. For ensuring the safety of data and information sensitive to the business, organizations must have the knowledge of type of cloud used. Cryptography can be seen as the solution for different organizations needs in the terms of security in data storage and accessing. This paper proposes a new method for Infrastructure as a service security and the solution which are already existing.


A total of 46 stray dogs in an impounding facility comprising 17 males and 29 females were diagnosed using the Babesia gibsoni P50 truncated antigen immunochromatographic test (P50t-ICT). Thirteen dogs (28.0%) were serologically positive. There was no cross-reactivity with serum samples from Babesia canis (= B. vogeli )-infected dogs and none of the ICT strips showed invalid results, which reinforce the sensitivity and specificity of the P50t antigen and the reliability and accuracy of the P50t-ICT. Thirty-seven (80.4%) dogs had mixed tick infestations principally of the genus rhipicephalus and Boophilus . From 11 seropositive and 20 seronegative dogs a total of 80 rhipicephalus ticks were pooled. Among the 33 seronegative dogs, 48.5% had infestation with rhipicephalus sp. only, 12.1% with Boophilus sp. only, 12.1% with mixed rhipicephalus sp. and Boophilus sp., and 19.6% were un-infested. This paper documents the first account of serological detection of B. gibsoni in stray dogs and their infestation mainly with rhipicephalus sp. suggestive of their role as putative key vectors of B. gibsoni in Philippine stray dogs.


Development into electric vehicles is limited by available clean energy solutions. Current lithium ion batteries are limited by available intercalation materials, and do not possess the necessary energy density required to satisfy the high energy demands of an electric vehicle. An attractive alternative is to employ Metal-air batteries which can possess extremely high energy densities. Metal-air batteries possess an air-cathode and operate by reducing oxygen during discharge and evolving oxygen during charging. Due to the mechanisms of discharge/charge the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) play significant roles in the durability and efficacy of the battery.


Abstract According to the forecasts of numerous regional models (eg. REMO, ALADIN, PREGIS), the number of predicted rainfall events decreases, but they are not accompanied by considerably less precipitation. It represents an increase in rainfall intensity. It is logical to ask (if the limitations of the models make it possible) to what extent rainfall intensity is likely to change and where these changes are likely to occur in the long run. Rain intensity is considered to be one of the key causes of soil erosion. If we know which areas are affected by more intense rain erosion, we can identify the areas that are likely to be affected by stronger soil erosion, and we can also choose effective measures to reduce erosion. This information is necessary to achieve the neutral erosion effect as targeted by the EU. We collected the precipitation data of four stations every 30 minute between 2000 and 2013, and we calculated the estimated level of intensity characterizing the Carpathian Basin. Based on these data, we calculated the correlation of the measured data of intensity with the values of the MFI index (the correlation was 0.75). According to a combination of regional climate models, precipitation data could be estimated until 2100, and by calculating the statistical relationship between the previous correlation and this data sequence, we could estimate the spatial and temporal changes of rainfall intensity.


Persuasion can be seen as a strategic setting—a game—in which a better-informed individual (a sender) seeks to influence what a less well-informed individual (a receiver) knows. The tension in such a game arises because the interests of sender and receiver are not fully aligned. Leaders often have incentives to mislead their followers. How leaders can communicate credibly to their followers has recently become a topic of study. This chapter surveys and synthesizes that literature. It offers an introduction to sender-receiver games and considers ways in which the problem of an untrustworthy leader may be overcome. At the end the chapter offers some directions for future research.


The invention discloses a method and equipment for acquiring the accessible state of a terminal. The method comprises that: a network side node transmits a query request message comprising a terminal identifier to a policy and charging rules function (PCRF), and specifies a content to be queried to be the accessible state information of the terminal; the network side node receives a query response message returned by the PCRF, wherein the query response message carries the accessible state information queried according to the terminal identifier by the PCRF; and the network side node determines the accessible state of the terminal by the accessible state information. In the embodiment of the invention, the accessible state information of the machine-type communication (MTC) terminal is acquired from the PCRF, and the accessible state of the terminal is determined based on the accessible state information, so the accessible state can be accurately obtained without modifying a conventional protocol flow.


A fast‐switching and scattering‐free phase modulator using polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) is demonstrated at λ =1.55 μm for laser beam steering application. The strong polymer network anchoring greatly reduces the visco‐elastic coefficient of the LC. As a result, the PNLC response time is improved by ∼300X, although the threshold voltage is increased by ∼25X. Computer simulation results agree with experiments well.


Abstract In the present study, reverse mapping problems of green sand mould system have been solved using Fuzzy Logic (FL)-based approaches. It is a complicated process, in which the quality of the castings is influenced by the mould properties (that is, green compression strength, permeability, hardness and others). In forward modeling, the outputs are expressed as the functions of input variables, whereas in reverse modeling, the later are represented as the functions of the former. The main advantage of reverse modeling lies in the fact that it helps in effective real-time control of the process. This paper proposes three different FL-based approaches for the reverse modeling of the green sand mould system. A binary-coded Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used to optimize the knowledge base of the FL-based approaches, off-line. The developed approaches are found to solve the above problem effectively, and the performances of the developed approaches are compared among themselves. It has been observed that the approach "Automatic design of FL system using GA" yielded much better results in predicting a set of input variables from the set of known set of output.


Water is significantly important resource in everyday life. Parameters that characterize the quality of water resources are affected by human activities. In Latvia, water pollution with nutrients is often related to agricultural activities. As water circulation is sustained and uninterrupted process, nitrogen compounds are lost throughout the hydrographic network and transported both locally and internationally. Increased levels of nitrogen in the water lead to intensive eutrophication processes in the inland water bodies and the Baltic Sea, therefore, availability of clean water is decreasing. It is necessary to minimize and prevent water pollution as much as possible. The aim of this research is to evaluate the economic losses caused by nitrogen leakage through agricultural drainage systems in Latvia. For this purpose, water protection regulations and agricultural runoff monitoring data are examined. Evaluation process of the economic losses includes a comparison of the maximum extent permitted rates of nitrogen application with the theoretical optimum application rates and application rates determined at the research sites. For calculations ammonium nitrate was used as a type of fertilizer. From the results of this research it can be concluded that in about 41% the amount of nitrogen needed to reach the current yield level was exceeded. In addition, on average 13.2% and 15.4% of nitrogen applied annually as mineral fertilizers are lost through the subsurface drainage systems at the Berze and Mellupite research sites, respectively. This causes economic losses to farmers on average 61.13 EUR ha -1 year -1 .  Keywords: agriculture, subsurface drainage, economic losses, leaching, nitrogen, phosphorus Article DOI: http://doi.org/10.15544/RD.2017.204


In light of technological foundation course-Building Material, based on the analysis of the course content and existing problems, the essay proposes the professional teaching reform method, which has provided a kind of new thought for better dealing with problems of "teaching" and "learning"and improving teaching effect.


Abstract Two related problems are considered. The first concerns the maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters in an ARIMA model when some of the observations are missing or subject to temporal aggregation. The second concerns the estimation of the missing observations. Both problems can be solved by setting up the model in state space form and applying the Kalman filter.


Bela DV, Latifah S. 2019. MSG-benefits of micin for rice (steady) plants as a food that is chemical-free and environmentally friendly to maintain public health towards a progressing Indonesia . In: Herlinda S et al. ( Eds. ), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal 2019, Palembang 4-5 September 2019. pp. 502-507. Palembang: Unsri Press. Indonesia is one of the countries that has the largest population in the world, 260,580,739 people whose staple food is rice (cooked rice from rice). Over time, the need for rice is increasing, as a result farmers take a way out by using chemicals to produce maximum harvest, even though the use of chemicals is not good for the health of the body, especially if consumed long and excessive. But in reality in various regions the use of chemicals as fertilizers is still very high. Thus, one way to reduce the use of chemicals in rice plants is by using MSG (Monosodium Glutamate) as a maximum fruit-producing auxiliary material. The content of compounds in MSG can increase water content during the summer or dry and is able to nourish the development of plants. So that MSG can prevent the occurrence of water resistance, fertilize plants and make plants look fresh with greener leaves, dense and healthy rice. So with the use of MSG, besides being environmentally friendly, rice is also free of chemicals. Keywords: environmentally friendly, MSG, rice growth


AbstractCoastal ecosystems are at great risk from climate change and sea level rise, potentially resulting in loss of habitat and economic costs to society. This study aimed to investigate whether ...


The Italian travellers to the East during the 16th century left us some important works that they elaborated after their return to their homeland, works whose declared motivation was not only to leave a tangible memory of their life experiences but also to offer the cultured public of Old Europe and people interested in those geographical areas for professional reasons, useful material for a better understanding of the world. These texts, produced in accordance with certain literary canons that were already relatively well defined, are often documents capable of testifying to travel experiences in the era of the great geographical explorations in the Far East after Vasco da Gama's voyage.


The velocity regime of The North Sea is noted for its step like character between lithologic zones, in stark contrast to the gentle velocity gradient of the Gulf of Mexico where conventional DMO performs so well. One of the more pronounced North Sea steps is between the Tertiary and Cretaceous Chalk sequences and in such areas it has been shown that conventional DMO is seriously flawed. It has become quite common practice to attempt to circumvent the DMO's failings by using various schemes that combine it with zero offset pre-stack time migration. We examine the validity of such schemes, comparing them with the theoretically sound Pre-Stack Depth Migration (PSDM) and a relatively new DMO that is able to comprehend any variations in the vertical velocity profile, HDDMO. It is well known that a vertical velocity variation requires the DMO operator to be three dimensional. For the linear velocity gradient of the Gulf of Mexico, the MZO saddle operator is considered appropriate. In the North Sea, however, the 3D DMO operator cannot be generalized so readily and is more complex. HDDMO computes the true 3D nature of the operator that is required and we illustrate its performance in a velocity environment of a typical Central Graben diapir.


A molecular dynamics simulation has been used to explore the effects of fast internal motions on the IH NMR relaxation behavior of lysozyme. It is shown that cross-relaxation rates, which are experimentally accessible from the time development of nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs), are reduced by motional averaging on a picosecond time scale. Factors influencing the magnitude of these changes have been explored, including the degree of correlation of side-chain torsion angle fluctuations. More general effects on NOEs were examined by multispin simulation techniques. The internal motions altered the magnitude of specific NOEs by as much as a factor of 2. However, at the present level of experimental knowledge, it is difficult to separate these effects from the results expected for an internally rigid structure with a shorter correlation time for overall tumbling. The results show that in general, the picosecond internal motions examined here have little effect on estimates of distances obtained from NOE measurements. A variety of experimental and theoretical techniques are now being applied to the study of internal motions of proteins.',* Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMK) measurements are particularly useful because they can provide specific information about both the amplitudes and time scales of these motion^.^ Relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) for 13C are of special interest because their relaxation is dominated by the fluctuating dipolar interactions between the I3C nucleus and the directly bonded p r ~ t o n . ~ The relaxation parameters can be related to the motional averaging of the dipolar interaction and hence to the motional behavior of individual group^.^^^ The available studies have demonstrated that large-amplitude fluctuations can occur on nanosecond or subnanosecond time scales. Furthermore, comparisons with the results of molecular dynamics simulations have shown that the averaging due to picosecond fluctuations can have a significant effect on the relaxation times of both protonated and nonprotonated More recently, 'H NOEs have been used to obtain motional information for proteins.1° Averaging effects due to atomic fluctuations decrease the magnitude of the cross-relaxation rates in the same way that they increase the 13C relaxation times. Molecular dynamics trajectories of proteins permit the direct calculation of the time correlation functions required for determining the effects of picosecond motional averaging. This approach has proven to be useful in I3C N M R for examining motional models used in the analysis of data and as an aid in the interpretation of A similar study of the effects of internal motions on 'H NOEs is highly desirable. Such a study could test the methods used to interpret the N M R measurements. In particular, it could examine the effect that motional averaging has on structural information obtained from N O E data. Of considerable importance is the effect that hindered motions of residues in the interior of the protein have on the 'H N O E data. Because of excluded volume effects, any large-magnitude motions that occur are a consequence of collective effects involving a number of neighboring Most models used to interpret relaxation data treat each degree of freedom as independent. This assumption is not valid in the protein interior," although it is appropriate for the behavior of exterior side chains.* 'Supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation and * Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, National I ' Present address: Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, the National Institutes of Health. Harvard University. Present address: Magnet Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138. Oxford 081 3QR, England. The present study is limited to the effect of subnanosecond fluctuations on the N O E values. It does not consider the contributions of internal motions with longer time scales because of the limited length of the available dynamics runs. Fluctuations on slower time scales will further decrease the magnitude of the relaxation rates for the spectrometer frequencies and tumbling times under consideration. Many of the effects that internal motions can have on NOEs may, however, be demonstrated by considering only the effects of the fast picosecond motions. We have focused our study on several residues found in the hydrophobic box region of lysozyme for which there are assigned resonances and detailed experimental evaluations of N O E S . ' ~ , ' ~ This region is in the interior of the protein, and the motions are expected to be governed by van der Waals interactions, which are well modeled by the empirical potentials used in the dynamics simulations. The following section outlines the theory for the relaxation rates which govern the NOEs in the presence of fast internal motions as well as overall protein tumbling. Simplifications in the theory are shown to be possible when the time scale of the internal motion is much faster than the tumbling time. We then compare the NOE results from a static structure to those obtained with the molecular dynamics trajectories and outline the conse(1) M. Karplus and J. A. McCammon, CRC Crit. Rev. Biochm., 9, 293 ( 2 ) F. R. N. Gurd and M. Rothgeb, Adu. Protein Chem., 33, 74 (1979). (3) R. E. London in "Magnetic Resonance in Biology", Vol. 1, J. S. Cohen, (4) A. A. Allerhand, D. Doddrell, and R. Komorski, J . Chem. Phys., 55, ( 5 ) G. C. Levy, D. E. Nelson, R. Schwartz, and J . Hochmann, J . Am. (6) R. J . Wittebort, M. Rothgeb, A. Szabo, and. F. R. N. Gurd, Proc. (7) R. M. Levy, C. M. Dobson, and M. Karplus, Biophys. J. , 39, 107 (1981). Ed., Wiley, New York, 1980, p 1.


The purpose of this research is to examine the process of psychological empowerment as it impacts exoffenders' self-sufficiency. This transformational process of social inclusion involves developing employment hope as one strives for economic success. Using a sample of 154 exoffenders receiving services from a community-based social service organization in Chicago, this study investigated how self-esteem, self-efficacy, and employment hope affect self-sufficiency. Based on structural equation model analyses, employment hope significantly mediated the path from self-esteem to self-sufficiency. This study confirms previous studies that suggest a renewed focus on employment hope for comprehensively supporting exoffenders' successful transition to self-sufficiency.


Paraspicera Kieffer, 1907 is a genus of Aspicerinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) of Nearctic distribution that includes a small number of species. The diagnostic characters to differentiate Paraspicera from other similar genera are described. From the five known species of Paraspicera only P. bakeri Kieffer, 1907 belongs to Paraspicera; the other species are transferred to the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842: A. clarimontis Kieffer rev. status, A. uthaensis Ashmead rev. status, A. foveata (Belizin) n. comb., and A. kerzhneri (Kovalev) n. comb. Paraspicera bakeri is redescribed and a new species is described: P. brandaoi n. sp. The diagnostic characters of both species are illustrated. The genus Heteraspidia Belizin, 1952 is synonymyzed with Aspicera.