Hamiltonian representation of the so-called collocated virtual holonomic constraints is studied here to provide an alternative algorithm to enforce these constraints by feedback. Its efficiency is demonstrated by the walking design for the planar underactuated mechanical four-link chain.


In this paper, we review the recent works on high power cladding-pumped fiber lasers and amplifiers. And we will present some recent results on their applications such as Raman fiber laser and supercontinuum generation.


to the ciliary region. Operation was on FebrMaryy 17, 1942:. On March 16 v"isiqn was 6/60 and retina flat. On April 20. she knocked her right eye against a chest of drawers and vision again failed. She was found to have a fresh detachment aboye, with a small horse-shoe tear about 2 " o'clock. 'Further diathermy proved successful, and, when I last saw her in August, 1943, her vision was 6/24 and J.6. One could report other cases which I have found of consider-,able interest, but, finally, I will mention one who was treated-by electrolysis, and was-the first detachment operated on at the base-.. She was aged 52 years, when, in August, 1939, she had a detach-ment in her left eye, which was approximately' 12D. -myopic. it was her worst eye, and vision,had never been more than 6/12. The're6 was a ballooned detachment up and o'ut, with a rather large rectangular tear. Two months after operation visisn was 6/24 in that eye, and field was full. On January 7, 1943, she slipped and knocked her left temple on the floor. S'he had a small suSbconjunctival ecchymosis and a haemorrhage in the left macular area. VISIOn wvas less than 1/60 but her field was full. I saw'her twelve months later and her vision was again 6/24 with full field. Which record may well make us think, now that electrolysis is'so much out of favour! To sum -u'p, this paper reports the results obtained from operation on 120 cases of detachment of the retina, and from a follow up of fifty successful cases. It is an attempt to give accurate details of cases watched for a sufficient period of time, and not a claim to spectacular performance. The results seem to agree very closely with the careful assessment made' by Sir Stewart Duke'Elder in his text-book of ophthalmology.


The virus of herpetic encephalitis and the virus of vaccinia can be demonstrated in the filtrate, if a broth emulsion of fresh tissue containing the virus, is passed through a Berkefeld V filter.


You're sure to have read in the newspapers, or heard on the radio, that there has been considerable discussion about codeine-containing products that are sold in pharmacies. The debate has centred on the misuse of codeine, and initiatives that are in place to control its sale. It is worthwhile having a look at codeine, its use, misuse and abuse, and the measures that are already in place.


: With the continuous deepening of the new curriculum reform, developing students' mathematical core literacy has become an important goal of middle school mathematics teaching. Systematically cultivating middle school students' mathematical abilities and improving their ability to solve practical problems is a new challenge facing current middle school mathematics teachers. In the mathematics classroom teaching of middle school, the proportion of heuristic teaching is small and the heuristic teaching environment is lacking. However, high school trigonometric functions contain rich mathematical ideas and problem-solving methods. If only "transmissive" learning is used, it is impossible to organically integrate the heuristic teaching model with high school mathematics, which also has a great impact on the improvement of students' comprehensive abilities.


In the present co-existent context of multiple words and ideas,even some revolutionary subjects or the creation and performance of films based on them seem to undergo the "alternative" deviation and conversion,this paper tries to illustrate its features and essence.Meanwhile,the author also clarifies the multiple reasons of the emergence of the deviation and conversion: firstly,it reflects the pursuit of truth in the process of removing blindness;secondly,it becomes possible by the inclusive and flexible political strategies;thirdly,new-style philosophical history theory,new understanding of literary history dimension and concept of literary interpretation which are based upon the present situation and the past reshaping become the potential conceptual support;in addition,mass culture and the psychological need are also the important reasons of the deviation and conversion.It is in the context of such "polyphonic" discourse and ideas that Chinese film is exploring its own abundant,complex but pluralistic future.


This study aims to analyze  tax factors and non tax factors that influence debt policy at manufacture company listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The tax  factors in this study are taxes rate and earnings after taxes. And the non tax factors are operating leverages, sales growth, and  firms size. Period of research started from year of 2010-2013. This study used  purposive sampling method. The data analysis techniques used multiple linier regresion analysis. The results showed that  taxes rate has positive influence but not significant toward debt policy, Earning after taxes has negative influence and significant toward debt policy, Operating leverages has negative influence but not significant toward debt polict. While sales growth and firms size have positive influence  and significant toward debt policy. Keywords: Debt Policy, Taxes, Earning After Taxes, Operating Leverages, Sales Growth, and Firms Size


In order to provide the efficient method for safety monitoring,this paper adopts the Petri nets to construct safety monitoring model and researches the qualitative and quantitative safety analysis based on Petri nets.The safety monitoring modeling based on Petri nest can effectively represent the system evolution from normal to danger;and especially can describe more than one danger event in one net.At last,the safety monitoring for nuclear reaction is illustrated to demonstrate the process of the constructing safety monitoring model and safety analysis.The method of safety monitoring modeling based on Petri nets is in accord with the human cognitive habits in descriptive way,and can reduce the complexity of modeling management for huge system.


The author of the article analyzes the practice of commercial courts in disputes relating to the termination of the management of an apartment house on the initiative of the management company. The article considers the legal nature of the contract on management of an apartment building in the application of certain provisions of the Civil Code governing the termination of contracts, and the ability of the management company to cancel the contract through court on various grounds. The article cites the cases of litigation practice, when the apartment building management contract was terminated by the Management Company unilaterally in out of court manner.


Immunotherapy can result in lasting tumor regressions, but despite its success, only a subset of patients and cancer types benefit from immunotherapy. Thus, uncovering features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that contribute to this differential response can inform candidates for novel therapies and biomarkers for patient stratification. Recent advances in single-cell technologies allow for profiling of cell states and their spatial interactions within a tumor. Here, we performed multiplexed immunofluorescence (mpIF), a method for in situ single-cell measurement of 30+ proteins, as well as bulk transcriptomics and genomics on 180 tumor samples across 4 immunotherapy-responsive and -resistant solid and liquid cancers: in-transit melanoma (ITM), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). In aggregate, we measured over 100 million single cells and identified over 1,000 unique tumor and immune cell states. We uncovered immune-suppressive cell states, such as macrophages negative for PD-L1 and B7-H3 in immunotherapy-resistant ITM tumors and all GBM tumors, which generally fail to respond to immunotherapy. In GBM, macrophages exhibited two distinct spatial topologies, infiltrated or excluded. In ITM, we identified pre-treatment cell states and gene expression signatures that associate with immunotherapy response such as MHC class I expression on the tumor cell surface, B cell aggregates, "exhausted" PD-1/LAG-3/TIM-3 triple-positive CD8+ T cells, and expression of interferon-gamma genes. We observed a similar immune checkpoint-rich (PD-1/LAG-3/TIM-3 triple-positive) TME in all cHL tumors, which have remarkably high immunotherapy response rates. We spatially defined the microniche (30-micron radius neighborhood) of "exhausted" CD8+ T cells, and within the microniches, found antigen presentation competent tumor cells, proliferating T cells, and B7-H3 positive macrophages, which together contribute to an activated TME. Together, we present a statistical workflow for the integrated analysis of spatially resolved multidimensional data for cancer target discovery that is tailored towards application in routinely collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cancer biospecimens.
 Citation Format: Maryam Pourmaleki, Caitlin J. Jones, Brian D. Greenstein, Sabrina D. Mellinghoff, Daniel A. Navarrete, Smrutiben A. Mehta, Nicholas D. Socci, Ingo K. Mellinghoff, Travis J. Hollmann. Towards a spatial view of immune cell function in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2125.


With the exception of lobectomy, surgical intervention in the treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis and many other diseases of the lung has as its objective compression of the lung in part or as a whole. This is done, first, to rest the lung and aid the blood and lymph streams in handling the infection and thus to promote both absorption and scar tissue formation; second, for the obliteration of cavities, lessening infection, absorption and degenerative changes and also to eliminate the danger of hemorrhage through rupture of a blood vessel in a cavity; third, for the promotion of drainage by partial compression of cavities or bronchiectatic sacculation. Every patient considered for pulmonary collapse must be studied carefully by both internist and surgeon, and a definite plan outlined. We believe all collapse to be selective, and that the judgment used in selection of patients, the type of collapse, time of operation and


1. Forgotten People, Forgotten Places In our last editorial we promised that we would invite submissions focused on the rights of disabled people in the context of armed conflict to be published in future issues of this journal. Whilst acknowledging that an academic journal can only achieve so much – in such situations words alone can never be enough – we hope that the IJDSJ can make at least some positive contribution by helping to bring attention to the lives of disabled people living in conflict zones and the challenges that they face. Disabled people are disproportionately impacted by war, yet are all-too-often 'invisible' within peace and security agendas and forgotten within and by humanitarian efforts. Time and again, the story repeats: disabled people's pre-existing isolation and exclusion is a contributing factor in the failure to meet their needs at times of conflict; and their isolation and exclusion is significantly exacerbated by that conflict. This is a story of how 'slow' and 'fast' forms of violence operate, together. Slow violence, as Nixon (2011) defined it, occurs gradually and out of sight. It is often not considered to be violence because it is not spectacular and explosive, as is the violence of war. Yet there is a violence to processes of exclusion, to the manufactured marginalisation and isolation of people, to the denial of human rights and stripping away of human dignity – however gradually these things happen. What we are learning is that to understand the situation that disabled people face in armed conflicts around the world, we need to understand how 'slow' and 'fast' forms of violence are part of one single complex. They cannot and should not be decoupled. The slow forms of violence against disabled people that take place pre-conflict are imbricated with fast forms that occur during times of war. This issue opens with two short bulletins about the war in Ukraine and the devastating impact that this conflict is having on disabled people. Readers may well find content in the two bulletins distressing. We certainly did. There is no easy way to avoid this – and to avoid it would be to erase the truth. Nevertheless, we believe neither bulletin describes experiences/situations in gratuitous detail. Both highlight, starkly,


Temperature Monitoring of Ablation. Introduction: Information about temperature and impedance monitoring during radiofrequency catheter linear ablation of atrial flutter bas not been reported. We proposed that a radiofrequency catheter ablation system using a closed‐loop temperature control model could decrease the incidence of coagulum formation and shorten the radiation exposure and procedure times compared with those found in a power control model.


Vision, mission, goals, and objectives (VMGOs) function as the foundation of an educational institution. The Accrediting Agency for Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines (AACCUP) underscored that an educational institution is assessed according to the degree how its VMGOs are achieved, but not in comparison with others. This descriptive research utilized the survey method to determine the levels of awareness and acceptability of the Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives of Carlos Hilado Memorial State College in the Academic Year 2021-2022 among the stakeholders. 385 students, administrators, faculty, staff, parents, and alumni, who were selected using the random sampling technique answered the researcher-made instrument. For analysis, data were summarized primarily using mean and standard deviation. The results show the following: (a) The alumni, faculty, staff, and Bachelor of Arts in Social Science students indicated a "High" level of awareness of the Vision of the institution, while the English Language students, and the administrators indicated a "Very High" level of awareness; (b) All the groups indicated a "High" level of awareness of the Mission of the institution and of the Goal of the College of Arts and Sciences; (c) All stakeholders indicated a "High" level of awareness of the Bachelor of Arts in Social Science program objectives, a "High" level of awareness of the Bachelor of Arts in English Language program objectives except for students who indicated a "Very High" level of awareness, and a "High" level of awareness of the Bachelor of Science in Psychology program objectives except for the staff who indicated an "Average" level of awareness. The results also revealed the following: (a) All stakeholders indicated a "Very High" acceptability of the Vision of the institution except for the alumni and Social Science students who indicated a "High" level. (b) All groups indicated a "Very High" level of acceptability of the Mission of the institution and of the Goal of the College of Arts and Sciences except for the alumni and Psychology students who displayed a "High" level of acceptability. (c) All stakeholders showed a "Very High" level of acceptability of the program objectives of the three degree programs except for the staff who indicated a "High" level of acceptability of the Bachelor of Arts in English Language and Bachelor of Social Science program objectives and for the alumni and staff who indicated a "High" level of acceptability of the Bachelor of Science in Psychology program objectives.


The paper has summarize Aristolchic acid application suatus in the drugs,including Aristolchic acid physics properties,chemical properties,the analysis method and the pre-treatment method.


Since 1966, stimulated rotational Raman scattering (SRRS) has been explored by a large number of investigators with a variety of pump lasers. Recently, in Nov. 1988, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) reported good efficiency of conversion in hydrogen using a 532-nm pump laser. Using a similar optical configuration, we demonstrated higher efficiency in using SRRS for the conversion of a 532-nm pump laser to multiple lines in the visible portion of the spectrum. Our aim In this work was to both achieve efficient energy conversion of the pump laser into the Raman shifted lines and generate the largest possile wavelength spread. We performed a comparison of the SRRS efficiency using hydrogen, deuterium, and a mixture of the two gases. Gur experiment consisted of a 1.08-pm pump laser utilizing phase conjugation to maintain good beam quality and uniformity. The 1.06-μm output was frequency doubled using a CD*A crystal, the residual 1.06- μm energy was filtered out, and the doubled 532-nm output was used as the pump for the SRRS experiments. The Raman shifted output was dispersed using three prisms in series, and the energy at each wavelength was measured using a calibrated photodiode detector. The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1.


High-speed optical photometry of the X-ray source 2A 0311--227 shows a light curve modulated with the 81 minute orbital period, with superposed large-amplitude flaring. The light curve, combined with Tapia's polarimetry, suggests that this system is similar to AN UMa in that it contains a white dwarf with an accreting magnetic pole that lies in the hemisphere facing the Earth throughout the orbital cycle.


Iron and its alloys have been widely used for variety of medical implants. These are used for long term applications as cheap implants with high inertness and low corrosion rate, and also as implants with high biocompatibility (the fourth-generation type). Such degrading implants can provide a temporary scaffold while the body heals. In addition to the needed mechanical support, it is highly desirable to provide local drug therapy, providing antibacterial properties, preventing rejection of the implant, and more. So far, the combination of a degradable metallic implant which serves also as a three-dimensional matrix for drug release, remained un-answered. Here we present, we believe for the first time realization of this concept: Entrapment of drugs within a 3D degradable metal matrix—iron—from which the entrapped drugs are sustain-released. This new type of material is based on the molecular metals entrapment materials methodology, resulting in drugs@Fe. Two drugs have been successfully entrapped and released: chlorhexidine - an antiseptic drug, and rapamycin—used for avoiding transplant rejection. The delivery profiles of the composites were studied in two forms—powders and pressed discs showing two different types of drug release profiles. The release of the drugs from the powder hasa first order release profile, while the pressed disk is a slower, zero-order release profile, which is highly desirable due to the constant rate of the release. Full characterization of the metallic biomaterials is provided, including XRD, SEM, TGA, elemental analysis, and surface area/porosity analysis.


I endorse the comments made about the new NHS campaign (Letters March 22). Surely someone has to be accountable for producing this seemingly fictitious 'average nurse earning' figure of £20,000?


This paper analyzes the long sequence time series NDVI datasets and yields statistic results respectively, using simple differencing, slope map of biomass, and principle component analysis techniques. The correlation characteristics for the images of change acquired according to the algorithms mentioned above, implies that the majority pixels of the different land covers have experienced nearly the same changes in change direction and magnitude. The change of biomass of land-cover classifications between the 1980s and present are detected from the satellite data, and the land covers of the former 10 years (1981-1991) are in a better growth than the latter 10 years (1991-2001). Based on the discussion of the exotic factors affected the NDVI, like satellite shift or sensor degradation, the statistics on the slope images of biomass indicates that land cover deteriorated extensively in the past few years. The degradation of grassland or deforestation of forest regions confirmed such a fact that the status of the vegetation of the west part of China in the past 20 years (1981-2001) is suffering an extensive deterioration and only an improvement in part of the region.


Sulfur (n‐type) and zinc (p‐type) doped and undoped InP have been thermally oxidized in the temperature range 400 °C≤T≤600 °C. The Raman scattering and Auger electron spectroscopy techniques show that the doping enhances the formation of the crystalline InPO4 phase and favors the growth of crystalline phosphorus at the oxide/InP interface.


Based on deformation analysis of Daheba fossil landslide, the reasons for sliding were studied in this paper. The first reason is the loose rocksoil constitution and deformation of fossil landslide. The second is that there were no measures of prevention and cure for fossil landslide during building construction. The last is that the original balance of fossil landslide was destroyed for which the triggering factors were building loads and water.


The GSFC cosmic X-ray spectroscopy experiment on OSO 8 observed X Per for 20 days during two observations in 1976 February and 1977 February. The spectrum of X Per varies in phase with its 13.9 minute period, hardening significantly at X-ray minimum. Unlike other X-ray binary pulsar spectra, those of X Per do not exhibit iron line emission or strong absorption features. Our data show no evidence for a 22 hour periodicity in the X-ray intensity of X Per. These results indicate that the X-ray emission from X Per may be originating from a neutron star in a low-density region far from the optically identified Be star.


A thin matrix network structure of poly (vinyl chloride), poly(ϵ-caprolactone), and in situ formed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was synthesized. The structure was observed with scanning electron microscopy. The dissolution test suggested that a simple method to generate high rates of crosslinking at a lower temperature was obtained. The relationship of the phase morphology and mechanical properties of the blends was studied, and a reinforced material of PMMA was obtained. The obvious increase in the mechanical properties and the reinforcing effect were attributed to the formation of crosslinking and the network structure in the blend. The glass-transition temperatures, obtained by DSC, suggested confined thermal behavior of PMMA chains restricted by a crosslinking system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


The process structures of manufacturing industry are efficiently modeled using linear profiles. Classical and Bayesian set-ups are two well-appreciated schemes for designing control charts for the monitoring of process structures. Mostly in profiles monitoring the independent variables along with the process parameters are assumed fixed. There are manufacturing processes where these conditions may not hold. The advancement in technology and day-to-day changes in process structures caused the parametric uncertainty along with variability in explanatory variables. This paper considered the case of random  $X$  and assumes different conjugate and non-conjugate priors to handle parametric uncertainty using double exponentially weighted moving average (DEWMA) control charts. Three univariate DEWMA charts are designed for the monitoring of  $Y$ -intercepts, slopes, and error variances. The average run length criterion has been used to evaluate the proposed and competing charts. The wide spread relative study identifies that the proposed Bayesian DEWMA control charts are better than the competing charts based on early detection of out-of-control profiles, particularly for smaller value shifts. The Bayesian DEWMA charts using conjugate priors are the quickest in all as they take less sample points to show out-of-control profile. A case study has been considered to further justify the superiority of Bayesian DEWMA charts over competing charts.


The Jobs Act was enacted to promote efficient access to external capital by small businesses. Title III of the Jobs Act offers small businesses the chance of efficient financial intermediation through crowdfunding. The crowdfunding exemption is not self-executing but, instead, requires regulatory implementation by the SEC.The Commission's first iteration of its crowdfunding rules fails to offer small businesses efficient access to external capital. Principally, this is because the proposed crowdfunding rules: (1) require excessive disclosures, especially regarding smaller crowdfunding offerings; (2) fail to offer small businesses relying on the crowdfunding exemption two-way safe harbor integration protection; and (3) fail to protect small businesses from the loss of the crowdfunding exemption as the result of the financial intermediary's failure to meet its statutory and regulatory obligations.The problems can be fixed by the Commission by revising its proposed crowdfunding regulations, thereby fulfilling its broad and ubiquitous obligation to balance capital formation and investor protection.


Research on the prison visitation context has recently grown, yet little is known about the overall composition of who visits. This paper describes visit groups using latent class analysis (LCA) separately for women and men incarcerated two or more years in New York State. In this context where policies support frequent in-person visits, many maintain large, diverse groups of external connections. Although theory suggests that some groups may be more beneficial than others (e.g., prosocial influence or social support), visitor classes did not predict recidivism, but recidivism was higher for those with no/few visits. Policies that restrict visitor types or amounts may diminish valuable external social ties that can be maintained and offer ongoing support in more visit-positive regimes.


characteristics, clinical evaluation, and new perspectives on pathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 78:1–12. 3 Rencz F, Gulacsi L, Pentek M et al. Alopecia areata and healthrelated quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:561–71. 4 Russo PM, Fino E, Mancini C et al. HrQoL in hair loss-affected patients with alopecia areata, androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium: the role of personality traits and psychosocial anxiety. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:608–11. 5 Titeca G, Goudetsidis L, Francq B et al. 'The psychosocial burden of alopecia areata and androgenetica': a cross-sectional multicentre study among dermatological out-patients in 13 European countries. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:406–11. 6 Mendoza TR, Osei JS, Shi Q, Duvic M. Development of the Alopecia Areata Symptom Impact Scale. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2013; 16:S51–2. 7 Fabbrocini G, Panariello L, De Vita V et al. Quality of life in alopecia areata: a disease-specific questionnaire. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 27:e276–81. 8 Endo Y, Miyachi Y, Arakawa A. Development of a disease-specific instrument to measure quality of life in patients with alopecia areata. Eur J Dermatol 2012; 22:531–6. 9 Wyrwich KW, Kitchen H, Knight S et al. Development of the Scalp Hair Assessment PRO measure for alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:1065–72. 10 Wyrwich KW, Kitchen H, Knight S et al. The Alopecia Areata Investigator Global Assessment scale: a measure for evaluating clinically meaningful success in clinical trials. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:702–9.


1
 H N.m.r. evidence for direct co-ordination of uranium to the oxygen atoms in a new UCl4-dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 complex is confirmed by an X-ray structural determination; several uranium(IV) salt–crown-ether complexes and cryptates also exhibiting very large n.m.r. shifts are reported.


The effect of the growth and development of pericarp tissues on the occurrence of the various types of black stain on fruit skin was examined in Japanese persimmons (Diospyros kaki Thunb.), 'Fuyu'and'Saijo'to define why 'Saijo'is experientially said to be more susceptible to the disorders than'Fuyu'.1. Dotty type occurred most frequently in both cultivars. In'Saijo', disorders of vertically striped type gave the next higher rate of occurrence, followed by those of vertical line-like and broken line-like types. However, in'Fuyu', vertical line-like type occurred most often after dotty type, both of which occurred more often than the other types.2. Broken line-like and cloudy types occurred mainly in the apical and median portions of fruit, while wavy and vertical line-like types were observed mostly in the basal portion in both cutivars.3. In both cultivars, the rate of growth differed largely with the portions of fruit examined, decreasing successively from the base to the apex.4. The cuticle layer of fruit in'Saijo'was thinner than that in 'Fuyu'in the early stage of growth. Also, the development of epidermal and sub-epidermal cells in'Saijo'was inferior to that in'Fuyu'.5. The characteristic disorders in'Saijo'were vertically striped and broken line-like types. These seem to be the typical ones caused by rapid enlargement of fruit in the late stage accompanied by the expansion of fine splits on the skin.


This thesis investigates the concept and design of a portable on-line transfer function analyser (TFA). It is eminently suitable for the identification of plants and other controlled feedback systems in which normal operating records are available.

A point by point representation in the frequency domain, requiring a maximum of three records, allows Nyquist plots to be carried out, either visually or by plotter facilities. The basic theory relies heavily upon statistical concepts whereby, least squares estimates of the transfer function are obtained from a combination of heterodyning, exact filtering and adaptive loops. The resultant output, on both channels (real and imaginary), is the culmination of the solution to two linear differential equations with stochastic coefficients, so mechanised when the adaptive loops reach a stable equilibrium.

Throughout, emphasis is placed upon the electronics combining the best of analog and digital techniques, in order that six parallel paths may be analysed in similar mode. This is especially true of the heterodyning and filtering operations. Practical shortcomings of the instrument noted by comparing estimates with those from the best currently available commercial apparatus, operating on deterministic signals. Examples of a feedback loop, subjected to both deterministic and random stimuli, with and without the presence of extraneous noise sources, are used to illustrate the ease and simplicity by which the instrument can be used in place of complex computing schemes, which tend, in consequence, to be solely of local academic interest.

The practical features of the thesis have led to the submission of four papers to the technical press. Two of them deal, exclusively, with a capacitor ratio commutated filter – not apparently described in publications to date - which is also the subject of a proposed patent application in conjunction with NRDC. It is intended, in the near future, to submit the complete instrument as the basis for a second patent proposal.


The method and principle, which charging manually and periodically the gas furnace with coal is varied into automatically charging the gas furnace, is introduced in this paper. Through comparing the main technical conditions in two ways, it has turned out that the application of the automatic charging equipment is energy-saving and effective.


The invention relates to a switch (1) for a fuel, comprising an inlet opening (3) for introducing a fuel into an inlet side (2), and several outlet openings (5) for discharging the fuel to an outlet side (4). An adjusting element (6) comprising a connecting channel (7) is arranged between the inlet side (2) and the outlet side (4), said adjusting element can be adjusted such that the connecting channel (7) can connect the inlet opening (3) to one of the outlet openings (5). Said adjusting element (6) consists of at least two parts (9, 10), and the connecting channel (7) is defined, at least in sections, by both parts (9, 10) of the adjusting element (31, 32, 33, 34).


Quarantine species of potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, were reported from Nilgiris during 1961. The studies were carried out at ICAR-CPRS, Muthorai, Ooty and ICAR-CPRI, Shimla during 2015–17. To investigate the distribution of PCN, soil samples were collected from potato growing areas of Nilgiris and were identified based on morphological criteria and ITS-1 region. Molecular characterization using ITS-1 region specific primers revealed the presence of pure population of G. rostochiensis in 50% of the samples, G. pallida in 10.7% of the samples, mixed population in 28.6% of the samples and absence of both the species in 10.7% of the samples. The phylogenetic analysis inferred by the sequence of the ITS-1 region confirmed 92–100% genetic similarities in Globodera spp. Seventeen isolates of G. rostochiensis showed 92–99% genetic similarity and rest four 92–100% similarities. Whereas, genetic similarity among the ten isolates of G. pallida was 96.1–99.4%. In the morphometric characters J2s of G. rostochiensis exhibited shorter body length (459.8 μm) than G. pallida (493.7 μm). G. rostochiensis and G. pallida had difference in mean stylet length (21.1 μm and 23.4 μm respectively), hyaline tail terminal length (28.3 μm and 24.2 μm respectively) and shape of stylet knob. Highest mean value of vulval basin-anus distance (65.3 μm), number of cuticular ridges between vulval basin-anus (18.4) and Granek's ratio (4.0 μm) was recorded in G. rostochiensis than G. pallida. Therefore, the present study will help to take appropriate and region specific PCN management decisions according to species dominance in that area.


Objective The study aimed to assess the level of airborne pollen in air in Wuhai City during summer and autumn and investigate its correlation with pollinosis. Methods Air sample was collected by an umbrella-shaped sampler between July 1stand September 30 thof 2012, and the pollen species and amount of dispersion were determined. 108 patients with allergic diseases were subjected to a skin prick test using common inhalants and food allergens to select 61 patients with pollinosis, whose pollen allergens werethensurveyedandclassified.Results Pollensurveysrevealedatotalof44 speciesofairbornepollensin summerand autumn. The top5 plantswith thehighestamountofdispersion wereartemisia, chenopodiaceae, amaranthaceae, gramineae, and humulus. Artemisia pollen accounted for 72.19% of the total amount of pollen in summer and autumn. Clinical studies indicated a significant difference in patients' positive reaction rate between autumn pollen and spring pollen(P=0.000.05), and the primary cause of allergy included Artemisia pollen, dust mite, and house dust. Among the autumn pollens, positive reaction rate of Artemisia pollen was higher than90.16%, and was 80.32% for sunflower, 67.21% for scandent hop, 67.21% for dandelion, 62.30% for ragweed, and 49.18% for timothy.Conclusion Artemisia pollen is main airborne allergen in Wuhai in summer and autumn. Improper vegetation and dust and haze pollutionmayposethreatstohumanhealth.


ABSTRACT Arginase serum levels were increased in human African trypanosomiasis patients and returned to control values after treatment. Arginase hydrolyzes l-arginine to l-ornithine, which is essential for parasite growth. Moreover, l-arginine depletion impairs immune functions. Arginase may be considered as a biomarker for treatment efficacy.


Er3+-doped fibers amplifying 6 modes over the C-band are analyzed. We show that micro-structuring fiber core permits to tailor the Er3+ distribution, thus making it possible to reach modal and spectral gain equalization.


Volume two of the thesis, containing images, can be downloaded as a zip file. You can check the contents of the zip file by reading the document 'Vol 2 title and contents'. This file replaces the contents page in the zip file. NB, this is a large file and may take some minutes to download.


The present invention relates to a new process for the synthesis of alkyl phosphinic acids, and more particularly to a coupling reaction between an alkylhalide and a hypophosphorous acid derivative in the presence of an amine and an amineoxide.


In the autumn of 1932, when Canada had massive agricultural surpluses and hunger was afflicting millions of Soviet citizens, a proposal to trade Canadian cattle for Soviet fuels attracted considerable public support. Negotiated by a syndicate of Canadian businessmen, the cattle–oil barter deal was initially stalled because Conservative prime minister R.B. Bennett was ideologically opposed to it. Soviet documents suggest that this was not the end of the story. Revisiting the cattle–oil barter in light of these documents complicates current accounts of Canadian–Soviet relations in this period and raises questions about the Bennett government's attitude to international trade and sensitivity to the kind of public pressure exerted by the proposal's many Canadian supporters. In spite of major obstacles, the potential mutual benefit of the project nearly overcame ingrained mutual distrust.


Purpose- Inflation and exchange rates are the leading indicators for an economy. The most important index is Conusmer Prive Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) to calculate the inflation rates. Changing in these indexes is important to understand the source of shocks that effects the inflation. For this reason, understanding the realtion between these indexes are crucial to determine whether demand pull factors or cost push factors are important on inflation. Furthermore, there is a storng correlation between exchange rates and price indexes in Turkish economy because Turkish economy has high important dependency. Thus, it is also important to determine the effects of exchange rates on price indexes for Turkey. The purpose of this study is to investigate the asymmetric relations between pice indexes and exchange rates over the sample 2003.01-2022.09.
Methodology- The study employs linear and non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Models to find the asymmetric effects of exchange rates on producer price index and consumer index and the effects of producer price index on consumer price index.
Findings- The analysis reveals that exchange rates have a positive and significant effects on CPI and PPI both in the short-run and in the long-run. However, the effects of positive changes in exchange rate has a significant and positive effects on CPI, negative changes has not a significant effects on CPI. Thus, there is an asymmetric effects of changes on exchange rates on CPI. In contrast to these results, changes in exchange rate has an symmetric effects on PPI. Another result obtained from the study is there is a positive relation between CPI and PPI both in the long-run and in the short-run and there is an asyymetric effects of PPI on CPI.
Conclusion- According to the results, in order to control inflation based on CPI, the effects of fluctuations in exchange rates should be reduced both in the short run and long run. In addition to this result, there is a stong effect of PPI on CPI. Thus, policy makers should implement policies to control inflation in Turkish economy.

Keywords: exchange rates, consumer price index, producer price index, ARDL model, NARDL model
JEL Codes: F31, E31, C22


This work was a study of the growth of the larvae of Apis mellifera intermissa fed on different diets and reared by techniques designed for the purpose of following the growth of each individual larva and its transformation into nymph and adult. The experiments were carried out at 34°C and at a relative humidity of 100%. -Optimum larval growth was obtained with a mixture of 80% royal jelly in the honey. -Experiments with royal jelly defatted by acetone and ether, gave a fair percentage of successes  which  showed  that  decenoic  acid  did  not  play  a  determining  role  in  larval development. Experiments carried out with royal jelly treated with warm benzene or with boiling alcohol gave no results, the jelly having deteriorated . -Freeze-drying of the royal jelly did not interfere with larval development. -The addition of proteins to the royal jelly did not improve, but seemed rather to slow down larval development.


Objective
To investigate the clinical practicability of the (1, 3)-β-D glucan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in diagnosis of invasive pulmonary fungal infection(IPFI).

Methods
A total of 134 patients with lung disease were selected, of which 32 cases were confirmed or clinically diagnosed with pulmonary fungal infection, 48 patients were suspected cases, 54 cases were non IPFI. All patients were given normal bronchoalveolar lavage clysis, the contents of the (1, 3)-β-D glucan and galactomannan of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were detected, the clinical practicability of the two methods for detection in diagnosis of invasive pulmonary fungal infection were compared.

Results
Thirty-two patients suffered invasive fungal infection, of which 10 cases of the patients were diagnosed with pneumocystis carinii pneumpnia with G test of the bronchoalveolar lavage positive, the sensitivity was 100%, while bronchoalveolar lavage G test and GM test which were used for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infection had similar sensitivity, but specificity of broncho-alveolar lavage G test was lower. The specificity of dextran in serum was higher.

Conclusions
The (1, 3)-β-D glucan test in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid shows a low specificity, so identifying the special factors which will interfere the experimental performance may improve the clinical practicability of the (1, 3)-β-D glucan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in fungal glucan monitoring.

Key words:
Invasive fungal infection; Aspergillus; Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid


Breast cancer is the most common malignance in women.It will be helpful for clinical diagnosis and management of breast cancer by deeply understanding the characteristics of its biomolecules.The nuclear protein Ki-67,presented in cycling cells,is an indicator of tumor proliferation and plays an important role in cancer advancing.This paper reviewed its roles in diagnosis,monitoring and prognosis of breast cancer as well as its exiting problems in clinical application.


In this paper, a full-scale two-dimensional simulation of boundary layer development is carried out on a flat plate base on real experiments. The influence of the trailing edge angle on the flow near the leading edge is investigated. According to the fact that a gap and a backward-facing step may appear in real experiment, a simulation of related flows near the trailing edge is also included in this paper. The results show that adjusting the trailing edge can effectively eliminate the pressure peak at the leading edge, and there is a crosstalk between the flow fields on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate through the gap, which may affect the boundary layer development on the working face. It is expected that the numerical simulation in this paper will provide guidance to the experiments of boundary-layer transition in the future.


The paper is devoted to the vacuum arc control by axial magnetic field (AMF) synchronous with arc current. The special system was designed for applying to the discharge gap the external pulsed AMF which is quasi-homogeneous spatially and close to the arc current temporally. So, AMF specific induction (in mT/kA) is staying quasi-constant during the arc. The AMF amplitude was controlled in the range up to 190 mT, regardless of the amplitude of the arc current, which corresponds to the AMF specific induction of 12.7 mT / kA, for the arc current amplitude of 15 kA. Tests were done with the butt-type CuCr35 electrodes using synthetic circuit simulating vacuum circuit breaker operation with escalation of transition recovery voltage after current zero. For the diagnostics of vacuum arc behavior and arc/post-arc parameters, fast video-registration was used as well as Langmuir probe diagnostics and post-arc current measurements. Influence of the AMF on the arc/post-arc parameters as well as the threshold AMF specific induction values critical for prevent the anode spot formation are discussed.


Ahmed BAHLOUL 1 , H. ZOUAOUI 1 ,D. ABDI, 1 1 Departement de Genie de l'environnement, Faculte des science et de la technologie, Universite Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria * Corresponding author: email@example.com Polythiophenes constitute a particularly important class of conjugated polymers, which has been extensively studied for the relation between the geometrical structure and the optic and electronic properties. They are, furthermore, chemically and thermally stable materials, and are very attractive for exploitation of their physical properties [1]. The observation of photocurrents from polythiophene-modified metal electrodes has been reported by several groups of investigators [2, 3]. In this work, a composite thin film containing polybithophene (PBTh) and manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates was prepared by electro-polymerization of bithiophene in the presence of MnO 2 nanoparticles. The films ITO/PBTh–MnO 2 are characterized by AFM and SEM, the analyses show an increase in roughness and the incorporated MnO 2 particles are of size in the range of 50 nm. As a result, the optical gap is shifted by the incorporation of MnO 2 nanoparticles from 2.23 eV for ITO/PBTh to 2.03 eV for ITO/PBTh–MnO 2 . The photocurrent measurements indicate that the ITO/PBTh–MnO 2 films show a value that is three times higher than that of polybithiophene substrate, so that such a composite can be used as a new active material in solar cells. References [1] T.A. Skotheim, R.L. Elsenbaumer, J.R. Reynolds, Handbook of Conducting Polymers , second ed., Marcel Dekker Inc., 1998 [2] M. Toshiko, T. Nobutaka, M. Tetsuhiko, S. Yousei, K. Tomoyuki, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 18 , 2018, 2702-2710. [3] N. Maity, R. Ghosh, A. K. Nandi, Langmuir , 2018 , XX,  xxxx–xxxx.


Macroscopic assembled, self-standing graphene and graphene oxide (GO) films have been demonstrated as promising materials in many emerging fields, such as Li ion battery electrodes, supercapacitors, heat spreaders, gas separation, and water desalination. Such films were mainly available on centimeter-scale via the time- and energy-consuming vacuum-filtration method, which seriously impedes their progress and large-scale applications. Due to the incompatibility between large-scale and ordered assembly structures, it remains a big challenge to access large-area assembled graphene thick films. Here, we report for the first time a fast wet-spinning assembly strategy to produce continuous GO and graphene thick films. A 20 m long, 5 cm wide, well-defined GO film was readily achieved at a speed of 1 m min–1. The continuous, strong GO films were easily woven into bamboo-mat-like fabrics and scrolled into highly flexible continuous fibers. The reduced graphene films with high thermal and moderate electrical conduc...


The results of the innovative educational program as a method of the development of the innovative potential are viewed. The composition of the university IT actives and the problem of its management are considered.


The chromatic analysis of a current state of world culture has shown necessity of the account of actions of Islamites. Theology and-or ritual colors of world religions have allowed to give the culturological characteristic of religious spirituality of each faith. The received characteristics of Islam and Christianity have led to a conclusion about their complementary opposition by which the world culture was always characterized.


A 44-year-old woman presented to our institution with a 3-day history of left-sided abdominal pain accompanied by fever and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast revealed a well-defined non-enhancing mass in the left abdomen, measuring 5 cm at the largest diameter with a whorl of a fascicular structure extending to the splenic artery. Contrast-enhanced CT obtained 4 years previously showed enhancement of the mass and fascicular structure. The mass was thought to represent ischemia due to a twisted vascular pedicle. An infarcted accessory spleen was diagnosed and laparoscopy was performed. We found a dark-red accessory spleen surrounded by the greater omentum, twisted on its vascular pedicle and strangulated. The pedicle was dissected and the accessory spleen was extracted. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 4. Accessory spleen located in the greater omentum has no supporting tissue and pedicle torsion rarely occurs, especially in cases with sizes exceeding 4 cm. We present a case and a review of the relevant lit-erature.


Sustainable product development in the rural area has different challenges that need to discuss, such as the condition of the culture of the community, nature and the context of its locality. Manokwari, Papua, in eastern Indonesia, has a high complexity in advancing its human resources with the potential of local food commodity. This research used Participatory Action Research (PAR) methods. Action Research was done by activating the community to grow prosperity through product development using Design Thinking approach through six stages; 1) observe, 2) define, 3) ideation, 4) prototyping and 5) storytelling or testing and 6) validation, which presents an accurate information, begin with a human-oriented approach to capture the real basic needs of the community that must be addressed. This research was carried out for trial local commodity development, Keladi tuber (Caladium bicolor Vent.) in Manokwari, West Papua, which processed with minimal added value, so the challenge is to increase community's capacity and innovation in processing it. This research captures trends and society's dynamics map from people's daily experiences as information for synthesizing problems and organize creative solutions. The result forms activation plans for post-harvest commodity processing: 1) recommendations for strategic development steps, 2) post-harvest processing, 3) raw material stocks system, 4) diversification of derivative product and formulations, 5) activation of village-city hubs as a link with potential marketing area, and 6) downstream activation in the marketing area for wider market penetration.


Extant literature has reported the many benefits of group technology (GT) as they are applied in various manufacturing operations. However, little has been examined regarding the application of GT in metal forging operations. This paper presents the implementation of GT in the forging operation of the Tabriz Tractor Manufacturing Company. We also present the coding system and the computer software developed to facilitate the grouping process.


Neurophysiological studies suggest that when decisions are made between concrete actions, the selection process involves a competition between potential action representations in the same sensorimotor structures involved in executing those actions. However, it is unclear how such models can explain situations, often encountered during natural behavior, in which we make decisions while were are already engaged in performing an action. Does the process of deliberation characterized in classical studies of decision-making proceed the same way when subjects are deciding while already acting? In the present study, human subjects continuously tracked a target moving in the horizontal plane, and were occasionally presented with a new target to which they could freely choose to switch at any time, whereupon it became the new tracked target. We found that the probability of choosing to switch increased with decreasing distance to the new target and increasing size of the new target relative to the tracked target, as well as when the direction to the new target was aligned (either toward or opposite) to the current tracking direction. However, contrary to our expectations, subjects did not choose targets that minimized the energetic costs of execution, as calculated by a biomechanical model of the arm. When the constraints of continuous tracking were removed in variants of the task involving point-to-point movements, the expected preference for lower cost choices was seen. These results are discussed in the context of current theories of nested feedback control, internal models of forward dynamics, and high-dimensional neural spaces.


We have examined the effect of deuterium labeling on surface interactions in mixtures of random olefinic copolymers [C 4 H 8 ] 1 x [C 2 H 3 (C 2 H 5 )] x . Based on surface segregation data we have determined a surface energy difference X s between pure blend constituents. In each binary mixture components have different fractions x 1 , x 2 of the group C 2 H 3 (C 2 H 5 ), and one component is labeled by deuterium (dx) while the other is hydrogenous (hx). The mixtures are grouped in four pairs of structurally identical blends with swapped labeled constituent (dx 1 /hx 2 , hx 1 /dx 2 ). For each pair the surface energy parameter x s increases when the component with higher fraction x is deuterated, i.e., X s (dx 1 /hx 2 ) > X s (hx 1 /dx 2 ) for x 1 > x 2 . A similar pattern has been found previously for the bulk interaction parameter X. This is explained by the solubility parameter formalism aided by the lattice theory relating the surface excess to missing-neighbor effect. X s has also an additional contribution, insensitive to deuterium swapping effect, and related to entropically driven surface enrichment in a more stiff blend component with a lower fraction x. Both enthalpic and entropic contributions to X s seem to depend on the extent of chemical mismatch between blend components.


In many manufacturing settings, companies have implemented quality management system standards to ensure they meet the needs of customers. An example of a system that has been globally adopted is ISO 9001. This proactive system is abided by in an organization to maintain customer satisfaction and continuous improvement. In addition to quality, manufacturers have an obligation to care for the safety of their employees and customers. Similarly to quality, safety in the workplace should be a proactive movement. By integrating safety with quality systems, it becomes a manager's responsibility. With integration, there is an emphasis placed on conformance through management review.


ABSTRACT Does European NATO free-ride on America? This article uses a mixed-methods approach to explore developments after the Cold War. I investigate both "material" measures, such as military expenditure and troop numbers, and a "non-material" indicator that draws on survey data of the public's willingness to fight for their country. Results and conclusions are not univocal. On the one hand, European NATO members have generally reduced their military spending (relative to GDP), abolished conscription and downsized their military forces. Their citizens' self-reported willingness to fight has also been quite low after the Cold War, in particular in states that host US military bases. On the other hand, some of these developments can surely be explained by a decrease in threat perceptions in Europe. Trends changed markedly after Russia's 2014 annexation of Crimea, which moved many allies – in particular new NATO member states – to increase their defence efforts.


In the time of Christ humans numbered between 200 and 300 million. By the mid-19th century we had reached 1.5 billion people. By 1963 that population had doubled. Today the human population exceeds 6.4 billion. Scientists demographers family planners and ecologists track these trends. Thomas Malthus theory is confirmed by the evident patterns that suggest an exponential increase in human numbers and the inability of our food production -- certainly with meat-based diets - to keep apace. Because of the increasing technological success reflected by enormous agricultural output particularly in the wake of the Green Revolution of the 1950s and 1960s our understanding of the perils of rapid population growth has been somewhat muted by many enthusiasts who would argue that technology and human ingenuity will always come to the rescue. And if not then Nature will in her own way in her own time stabilize our numbers. (excerpt)


The book describes the implementation of a structured programming environment providing stream parallel skeletons/patterns(pipelines and Task-farms) implemented on top of MPI and targeting shared memory multi-cores.The MPI framework performance is evaluated and the results compared with the ones achieved when executing the same applications using FastFlow. The framework provides an easy interface for a user and totally abstracts the requirement of knowledge of MPI. While the implementation was based on MPI and C language, a programmer can use the framework with only the knowledge of C language. More Stream parallel applications can be satisfied by this framework by arbitrarily composing supported skeleton patterns. Which makes it more powerful and usable for almost all application that can be computed in stream parallel pattern. More skeleton patterns can also be further implemented and add to the existing skeleton pattern set.


Sharing stories and rhymes with children right from the earliest years will help them develop vital communication skills. Judith Stevens explores the opportunities and benefits across the age groups


An analysis is made of experimental data from studying the ecological and sanitarybacteriological characteristics and biological activity of soil cover in the industrial city of Bratsk. The landscape and climatic conditions of the city and adjacent territories are described. 26 А. П. МАКАРОВА, Е. В. НАПРАСНИКОВА, Н. Е. БУКОВСКАЯ Известия Иркутского государственного университета Серия «Биология. Экология». 2018. Т. 26. С. 18–27 Every year Bratsk is included on the Priority List of russian cities with a very high pollution level, because it is a major producer of primary aluminum in the world. The content of watersoluble fluorine in soils at a distance of up to 1 km from the Bratsk Aluminum Smelter (BrAZ) is 15 MACs. On the other hand, the concentration of water-soluble fluorine is 0.05 MAC in the background soil (control) 25 km from the city. Enterprises of the wood chemical industry are large polluters of the urban environment and soil cover of Bratsk. A detailed study is made of the indicators of the bacterial complex of heterotrophic saprotrophs that are the main representatives of the autochthonous microflora involved in the processes of soil self-cleaning from pollutants and gastrointestinal tract pathogens. The coli titer and coli index of the soil cover of Bratsk have been determined, which indicate the degree of pollution of the urban environment by industrial and household waste which can contain Salmonella, Shigella and infectious agents. Sanitary-indicatory coliform bacteria were identified to a species. By assessing the sanitary status of the soils of Bratsk, it was possible to assign them to polluted and moderately polluted soils. The sole exception is provided by the technogenically modified soil cover of the industrial area of BrAZ, which is associated with the toxic influence of aerotechnogenic emissions, especially of water-soluble fluorine, as the priority environmental pollutant. Indicators of acid-alkaline conditions have been determined, which are shifted within the city into the region of neutral and alkaline values (рН=7.0–8.6). An assessment of the ecologicalbiochemical status of the soils under study suggests that the neutral and weakly alkaline reaction maintains their biological activity at a high level. In the future, this can lead the soil system to an ecological regression and loss of biogenic nitrogen, which will have a negative influence on the urban ecosystem as a whole.


For infrared image with the characteristics of low contrast and low signal-to-noise,a morphological wavelet transform based infrared image edge enhancement algorithm is presented.Firstly,the morphological wavelet transform is adopted to decompose the input infrared image,which extracts the characteristic of multi-scale edge of the image.Then a nonlinear enhancement operator is used to enhance the details of image edge under deferent scale.Finally,the inverse transform of the morphological wavelet is applied to synthesis image.The algorithm can avoid over-enhancement of noise and enhances contrast of image.A group of experimental results demonstrate that the presented algorithm can enhance the infrared mage edge effectively.


Poverty represent complex problem influenced by various factor which each
other is interconnected, such as income level of society, unemployment, health,
education, access to service and goods, location, geographical, and environment. The
higher of poor people in Central Java show the low level of public welfare in Central
Java.
This research aim to analyse direct and indirect influence of some variables
such as : mean years of schooling, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per
capita, and expenditure per capita to the number of poor people in Central Java
Province in 2009. This research use path analysis using data cross section from
Regency/City in Central Java Province in 2009 with supporting software from SPSS to
analyze the data. Data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the
Central Statistics Agency (BPS).
The result shows that all variable (mean years of schooling, GRDP per
capita, and expenditure per capita) related to poverty (the number of poor people)
having the character of signifikan and negativity. Mean years of schooling variable
have an effect on positive directly and signifikan to GRDP per capita and have an
effect on positive indirectly to expenditure per capita, GRDP per capita variable have
an effect on positive directly and signifikan to expenditure per capita. Most dominant
variable influence the amount of poor people in Central Java Province is mean years
of schooling.


At present, there are several paradoxes in logic teaching in colleges and universities: First, the important role of logic discipline and the weakness of logic teaching force in colleges and universities; Second, the rapid development of logic theory research and the little effect of practical teaching; Third, the rapid development of logic formalization and college students 'logic phobia. The reform of teaching methods plays an important role in improving the quality of logic teaching, promoting the comprehensive quality of Contemporary College Students and meeting the needs of society for talents.


Background: Anxiety about doctors among children is very common. White coat phobia which is a classical conditioning phenomenon is said to be prevalent among children. Objectives: To analyze the association between anxious states of children about dentists and their preference of dentist attire and gender in the dental office. Materials and Methods: The 9-12-year-old middle school children were selected for the study. Children were asked to fill a questionnaire containing children′s fear survey schedule-dental subscale (CFSS-DS) and asked to prefer dental attire from four different pictures displaying the single anonymous dentist in four different attires in the same operator. The CFSS-DS gave the anxiety scale, and age, gender, and experience were also plotted against children preference in an apron, protective wear, and gender preference. Results were tabulated and statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: About 718 (62%) were scored as anxious children. Of all anxious children, 502 (69.9%) had preference of colored attires of the dentist, and 408 (66.8%) anxious children preferred dentist with protective wear. Female dentists were preferred by 452 (66%) anxious children. Same gender preference was also prevalent.


The present invention relates to a device for measuring the elasticity of a human or animal organ, particularly breast, or more generally all viscoelastic media having an ultrasonic signal after ultrasonic illumination and the subsequent establishment of representation two or three dimensions of resilience, including at least one array ultrasonic (1) comprising a plurality of transducers (12), or the like, a driving means capable of generating and issuing a solicitation low frequency, direct or indirect, means for acquiring ultrasonic signals, means of control and data processing, such as a computer, characterized in that it comprises scanning means adapted to perform scanning of the said strip (1) at a dimension (1D) or two dimensional (2D), thereby respectively obtain a representation of the extent of elasticity in two (2D) or three dimensional (3D) .It relates egalem ent the implementation process of this device.


Despite the tremendous religious and socio-economic contributions of waqf institutions to Muslim communities across the globe, there was no universal accounting standard to adopt by such institutions until 15 Rabi'II (equivalent to 30th November 2020) when the Accounting Standard for waqf institutions (FAS No. 37) was approved by the Board of Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) for adoption with effect from 01 January, 2022. Hence, the objective of this study is to analyze the nature of waqf institutions with a view to establishing whether their appropriate financial accounting and reporting practices should be for business, not-for-profit or both. The documentary research method was applied to achieve the aim of this study through a systematic analysis of relevant accounting and Shariáh standards. Findings and views of earlier studies were also used. The study reveals that though waqf institutions operate like charitable organizations, they are mandated to undertake or attach to commercial activities in order to generate income for the sustainability of their activities. This signified that they are hybrid and as such, they are supposed to report both waqf and commercial activities in their annual reports and accounts. Hence, the study calls on Islamic countries to provide regulations, guidelines and more importantly accounting standards that will compel or motivate waqf institutions to prepare annual reports and accounts showing both their charitable and commercial activities.


Since the late Cambrian era, bryophytes have been shaping terrestrial ecosystems through unique and diverse suites of anatomical, physiological, and morphological traits. In this review we highlight historical and recent work in bryophyte functional ecology, with an emphasis on knowledge gaps and opportunities for future work. While we cannot always avoid the temptation to contrast with tracheophyte (especially angiosperm) studies, our aim is to de-center that perspective in favor of a more universal understanding of functional land plant ecology. We therefore center our description on three core aspects of bryophytes that are poorly represented in tracheophyte studies: (I) dynamic water content (including poikilohydry and desiccation tolerance), (II) multiple scales of interaction with environment, and (III) reproduction and life history. We also highlight the diverse and wide-ranging influence bryophytes have on ecosystem processes, including primary productivity, nutrient cycling, hydrology, and ecological interactions with other species. Furthermore, while the study of bryophyte functional traits has rapidly grown in the past decade, important gaps in phylogenetic and geographic coverage persist and constrain the development of a more universal land plant functional ecology theory.


According to the early research of the relationship among the capability of vanadium batteries and various environmental parameters,the runtime parameters of vanadium,an intelligent monitor and manage system for vanadium batteries was designed.The data gathering,analyzing and control functions of the system were implemented by using a Micro Control Unit(MCU) as a controller,and LTC6802 was adopted to gather multi-channel voltage in serial.Data exchanging between the MCU and the monitor host computer was realized by ethernet.Through this system,the researchers can quickly obtain more full and accurate data of vanadium batteries in its RD stage,therefore quicken the progress of the research and application of vanadium batteries.


Perfect Day's flora-made dairy proteins are being used to make vegan ice cream sold by Smitten Ice Cream in San Francisco.


We report an optical phased array (OPA) using high-contrast-grating (HCG) as an electrostatically actuated mirror for the purpose of free space fast beamsteering. In this paper, several attractive properties of HCG mirror are introduced such as single material, high reflectance along a wide bandwidth and low-mass inertia and the fabrication result is shown. ±10° × 10° with 2° beam width is observed at 1550 nm wavelength using HCG optical phased array.


In order to realize high-speed motion detection and camera ego-motion estimation in image processing, an insect-inspired Reichardt motion detector (Elementary Motion Detector (EMD)) and receptive fields based on insect's vision system are applied. The principal characteristics and drawbacks of the Reiehardt model are analyzed. According to one of its main drawbacks, a modified model is selected which performs better in motion detection than the original method. Moreover, six templates of receptive field based on fly's vision system are designed for simple ego-motion estimation, such as self-translation and self-rotation of the camera. Finally, the related algorithms are implemented on a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) platform. The results of several typical experiments demonstrate, that the EMDs can detect local optical flow quickly and the receptive field templates enable simple motion estimation under specific backgrounds. The developed FPGA system is sufficient to deal with a video frame rate of 350 fps at 256×256 pixels resolution, the resulting time delay of the Reiehardt model implementation is only 0.25μs. This hardware can be applied to real-time computer vision systems, such as for obstacle detection, motion estimation, UAV/MAV's stability control and so on.


Petrodessus conatus sp. n., new genus and species, is described from hygropetric habitats in northeastern Australia. Thegenus is similar to Uvarus Guignot, 1939 or Microdessus Young, 1967 in lacking a transverse occipital line, a transversecarina on elytral epipleuron at the humeral angle and having both basal elytral and pronotal striae. The genus differs fromthese in having the anterior margin of the clypeus distinctly modified, flattened and anteriorly produced. This characterstate is somewhat more like that in Clypeodytes Régimbart, 1894, Leiodytes Guignot, 1936, Neoclypeodytes Young, 1967,but Petrodessus n. gen. differs from these in lacking a transverse occipital line and having the basal elytral and pronotal striae distinctly and strongly impressed. This is the first hygropetric diving beetle described from Australia.


Objective:To investigate the cell apoptosis effect of PUMA(=p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis)and its basic channel to be generated by inducing two colon carcinoma cell lines to apoptosis by 5-Fu(5-fluorouracil),and then com- pare the apoptosis levels and the expression of PUMA mRNA in different time spots after treated by 5-Fu.Methods:PUMA mRNA expression was detected by RT-polymerase chain reaction in HCT116 contained wt p53 and HT-29 cells contained mut p53 genes by using the DNA-damaging agent 5-Fu in different time spots,and apoptosis levels were detected by acridine orange/ ethidium bromide double staining(AO/EB)method at 1the same time.Results:6 hours after using the 5-Fu,PUMA mRNA expression was found to be induced in HCT116 cell following treatment with 5-Fu and enhanced apparently during the drug ac- tion time.Furthermore,the PUMA mRNA expression directly correlated with the cell apoptosis levels.No expression of the mRNA of PUMA was found in HT-29 within the 48 hours after treated by 5-Fu.Conclusions:The expression of PUMA is mainly de- pendent on intact p53;PUMA,induced by 5-Fu,may be a direct mediator of p53-associated apoptosis.PUMA would promote apoptosis in the early time and is likely to play a role in mediating cell death.


Fundamentals Divisibility Theory Canonical Decompositions Linear Diophantine Equations and Congruences Congruences Applications Systems of Linear Congruences Three Classical Milestones Multiplicative Functions Cryptology Primitive Roots and Indices Quadratic Residues Nonlinear Diophantine Equations Appendix Tables References Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises Index Credits


ABSTRACT Objective: Subjective social status (SSS) is a person's perception of his/her social standing among others. We explored the relationship between caregivers' SSS and asthma symptoms, visits, and medication use among children with persistent asthma. Methods: We analyzed baseline data of children (3–10 years) from the SB-TEAM trial in Rochester, NY. Using a modified MacArthur Scale of SSS, caregivers rated themselves "a lot worse off" to "a lot better off" compared to 4 groups (e.g., neighbors). "Low SSS" was defined by a response of "a lot worse off" or "somewhat worse off" for any of the referent groups. Caregivers reported their child's asthma symptoms, healthcare visits for asthma, and medication use. Bivariate and multivariate statistics were used. Results: We found that, of the 230 children enrolled (participation rate:78%, 62% Black, 72% Medicaid), 29% of caregivers had low SSS. Caregivers with low SSS had more depressive symptoms (46% vs. 28%) and lower social support (69.1 vs. 77.7). In multivariable analyses, children of caregivers with low SSS had fewer symptom-free days/2 weeks (5.8 vs. 7.9, p = .01). While they were more likely to have a routine asthma visit in the past year (35% vs. 23%, adjusted p = .03), there was no difference in their use of preventive medication. Conclusions: Many caregivers of children with persistent asthma report low SSS. While children of these caregivers had fewer symptom-free days, they were not more likely to use preventive medications. Efforts are needed to support these caregivers to ensure optimal preventive care and reduce morbidity.


We describe CIRPASS which is currently being completed at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge. The optical design is presented and contrasted with more conventional software- suppression designs. The limiting magnitudes on Gemini are expected to be J 22.6 and H 21.7 in a 3 hour exposure.


Sn-Cu alloys have generated interest as potential candidates for high-temperature soldering applications, as they are economically feasible and environmentally safe. Sn-Cu alloys with copper contents beyond 7.6wt.% solidify with a primary Cu3Sn phase, followed by peritectic and eutectic reactions. Typically, phases which form as elongated needles are undesirable, as they tend to be more brittle and in turn reduce the strength and toughness of the alloy. The effect of Zn on the peritectic reaction and phase formation in a Sn-10wt.%Cu alloy is investigated through cooling curves and microstructural analysis using optical and electron microscopy. Zn was alloyed in the range of 0.1-1wt.% to the base Sn-10Cu alloy system. The results indicate that the amount of the primary Cu3Sn phase that forms is inversely proportional to the concentration of Zn. Although complete suppression of Cu3Sn was not observed, there was a clear effect of Zn reducing the amount of the primary Cu3Sn phase, with the greatest reduction of Cu3Sn occurring with a 1wt.% Zn addition. The reduction of the elongated needle-shaped primary Cu3Sn phase may find application in the development of more reliable bulk solder microstructures.


We report two individuals who successfully recovered from COVID-19-induced ARDS after being treated with transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS). In the first case, taVNS was started after eleven hospital days of continual deterioration despite mechanical ventilation along with supportive therapy of steroids, antibiotics, and immunoglobulins. On the twelfth day of hospitalization, taVNS was begun four times daily, resulting in sudden improvement in oxygenation. There was a concomitant reduction of c-reactive protein from 109.6 μg/mL to 10 μg/mL. After nine days of taVNS therapy, the patient's improved respiratory function improved enough that she was able to be extubated. No additional treatments had been added or changed during this time. After twenty-seven days of hospitalization, the patient was discharged to home without supplemental oxygen. The second case involves taVNS therapy in the home setting. After nineteen days of progressive deterioration, the patient's oxygen saturation declined to 90% on room air before taVNS treatment was instituted. After tens days of taVNS treatment three times daily, his oxygen saturation had climbed to 97%, and by day 25 of VNS therapy, the patient felt he was fully recovered. taVNS is capable of improving regulation of the inflammatory response in other clinical conditions such as autoimmune disorders in humans and septic shock in animal models. We suggest that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation is potent enough to improve the clinical course of COVID-19 associated ARDS because of its potential to minimize the clinical deterioration associated with the immunological surge known as the cytokine storm. taVNS is a safe and potentially efficacious treatment for COVID-19 ARDS.


This research is aimed at discovering how the major institutions involved in the problem of traffic accidents, have placed the issue of road safety in Colombia, to analyze the relationship between these visions with high rates of deaths and injuries caused by traffic. For the study, it became the theory of the problem from a risk perspective, and then address the conceptualization, models and approaches to public policy and road safety. Later interviews were conducted with officials from the Ministry of Transport, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Education and Prevention Fund Road Pedestrian Colombian Foundation. After this process, an analysis of the statements made by officials of the various institutions involved in the Capability Review Workshop of the Road Safety Administration in Colombia as part of Project Structuring the National Road Safety Observatory developed by the research group of the Javeriana University and coordinated by engineer Hugo Lope Barrero Solano. Once the interviews and studied the material of the workshop, there was an analysis of data from the analytical categories defined. In the end, we present the conclusions and recommendations that can help shape public policy or participatory redesign of road safety from a systems approach that achieves substantially reduce deaths and injuries recorded in the country.


Study about wireless sensor routing algorithms.The energy supply of nodes will be limited strictly in the wireless sensor networks(WSN).An improved LEACH routing clustering algorithm(I_LEACH) is proposed.In the choice stage,the algorithm of cluster considers the factors of energy,and the threshold LEACH algorithm was improved to prevent the nodes become low energy of cluster nodes.In the cluster data transmission stage,and the combination communication mode of multi-jump and single-jump was used,which changed the traditional single node energy communication mode,balanced the energy,and avoided the problem that the energy of the node far from base exhausted early.Finally simulation experiment is conducted in Matlab.The simulation results show that,compared with the traditional algorithm,I_LEACH LEACH algorithm can balance the nodes of cluster and energy consumption and prolong the life time of network.


A K^n_2-set is a set of zero Lebesgue measure containing a translate of every plane in an (n-2)-dimensional manifold in Gr(n,2), where the manifold fulfills a curvature condition. We show that this is a natural class of sets with respect to the Kakeya problem and prove that dim_H(E)\ge 7/2 for all K^4_2-sets E. When the underlying field is replaced by the complex numbers C, we get dim_H(E)\ge 7 for all K^4_2-sets over C, and we construct an example to show that this is sharp. Thus K^4_2-sets over C do not necessarily have full Hausdorff dimension.


The aim of this research is to determine the views of social studies teacher candidates on coding and production of educational materials through coding. In the research, document review method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was employed. A puzzle produced by coding has been examined by teacher candidates. Then, 8 questions were addressed to 40 teacher candidates in order to receive their views through interview forms. Data obtained from the interview form were analyzed by content analysis. When calculating the reliability of the research, the reliability formula developed by Miles and Huberman [20] was used. As a result of the research, it was determined that teacher candidates do not have the knowledge of coding in general, that there is no teacher candidate who produces material by coding except one teacher candidate, but that the majority of teacher candidates want to learn coding. In the views of a majority of teacher candidates, it was revealed that it would be appropriate to give coding education in the high school period. The material produced by coding was found to be simple, fun, informative, summarizer and effective by teacher candidates. Teacher candidates think that such materials are low cost, reusable, attractive, functional and easy to distribute materials, however, they believe that coding has disadvantages such as technical equipment requirement, the high cost of ready-to-use software fees, and a negative impact on students' health.


The advent of regulations governing the volume of air pollutants emitted may force radical alterations in traditional economics-based resource planning. A review of the effect on regional resource planning of adopted emission rules for the Los Angeles basin may benefit utility resource planners. The 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act (Amendments) concerning utility generation has prompted a reassessment of resource planning methodology. The current methodology does not account for the restrictive NOx emission limits imposed by the Amendments. A new procedure needs to be developed that considers environmental impacts in the selection of the most economical resource plan. Historically, economic aspects of dispatch and generation has dominated the focus of resource planners; for most of the larger utilities, resource planning usually entailed performing analyses with convolution-based production costing software. This method is used because it resolves the prohibitively large run times associated with the exhaustively comprehensive enumeration method of matching loads with resources. An alternative method of analysis, Monte Carlo, requires a larger number of iterations to achieve the precision of convolution. Additionally, the Monte Carlo method`s of convergence, as compared to the convolution method, is much more sensitive to the number of operating units, the number of operatingmore » states, the range of input data, and the convergence criteria.« less


In this research, upward seepage flow tests and analysis have been performed for the model ground with or without a sigle pile, in order to investigate the effects of gravel piles on the stability of surface soil against so-called secondary liquefaction. The results calculated by analytical procedure are in good agreement with the experimental results for every case tested in this research. Finally, authors estimated the effects of gravel piles against secondary liquefaction by calculating bearing capacity of the improved ground considering excess pore pressure in the ground.


OBJECTIVE To study the relations between the incidence of measles and the blood measles antibody in mothers and new born infants. METHODS Maternal and cord blood samples from 60 pregnant women were collected and centrifuged, and the serum was separated. ELISA was conducted to establish the measles antibody IgG in serum of pregnant women. RESULTS The rate of measles antibody IgG for the pregnant women's maternal and cord blood were 4.883±4.687ng/ml and 7.280± 6.061ng / ml respectively. The rate of measles antibody IgG of the controlled pregnant women was the same as that of normal reproductive women (P﹥0.05). The average measles antibody IgG of the mothers was lower than that of the newborn infants (P﹤ 0.05), and a linear positive correlation between the measles antibody IgG of the maternal blood and that of the cord blood was exhibited (r = 0.946, P = 0.000). An obvious increase in measles antibody IgG had been noted in mothers previously infected with measles (β = 0.259, t = 2.058, P = 0.044), and their measles antibody IgG in the cord blood is much higher than that of those who have received measles vaccine IgG (P﹤0.05). CONCLUSION The measles antibody IgG of mothers greatly affects the incidence rate of infants measles.


In the past, the professional and private life of the teacher was of equal importance to be a model for the child. Later, these areas were separated, and it was even advisable for the teacher to avoid expressing their values. Adolescents want school to give them understanding of values and relationships. Unlike general education, interest-related education is voluntary. Positive feedback on after-school activities is linked to improvements in school performance. Interest-related education strengthens mental health and the ability to overcome psychological difficulties. Nowadays there are different opinions about where the child's morale develops at home, school or elsewhere. Educational institutions have a close connection with the values of education and teachers have a moral impact on schoolchildren. The paper examines several value-oriented creation methods. The author of the paper carried out a study of interest-related education students about their values and experience in out-of-school activities. It is concluded that interest-related education has no pronounced impact on value orientation.


Simultaneous acquisition of redox signals from different types of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in a multiplexing system requires a good separation in redox potential from each component for successful identification. The appearance of a single distinct peak for each NP type is also preferred. Here, we report variations in the electrochemical nature of molybdenum (Mo) and silver (Ag) NPs cast on a glassy carbon electrode that are sensitive to various conditions of the measurement solution, such as buffering capacity and electrolyte concentration. A series of experiments allowed us to find optimal conditions, where Mo NPs showed a single oxidation peak with good separation of the redox potential from that of Ag NPs (ΔE≈0.25 V), by using differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV). In the simultaneous monitoring of Mo and Ag NPs under the optimal conditions, the peak currents in DPV were quantitative for the amount of Mo/Ag NPs ranging from 7.8/20 to 500/20 ng ng−1 and from 500/20 to 500/0.31 ng ng−1.


The IP Lookup Process is a key bottleneck in routing because of increasing routing table sizes, increasing traffic, higher speed links, and migration to 128-bit IPv6 addresses. The IP routing lookup involves computation of the best matching prefix (BMP) for which existing solutions, such as BSD Radix Tries, scale poorly when traffic in the router increases or when employed for IPv6 address lookups. In this paper a distributed memory organization technique for the routing table was described, which performs extremely well for IPv6 address lookup. This mechanism provides lookup for a maximum of 16 IPv6 addresses simultaneously. In each lookup subsystem, a scheme for BMP using binary search on hash tables organized by prefix length was proposed. An optimized storage mechanism for binary search on hash table scheme is also presented. Using the proposed techniques a router can achieve a much higher packet forwarding rate and throughput. Keywords— IP lookup, IPv6, Distributed Memory Organization, Binary search, Hash table.


Crop brassicas with waxy leaves (> 1000 mg kg−1) were fed upon by flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), at a low rate, and feeding occurred predominantly at the edges of leaves. Species with non-waxy leaves (< 240 mg kg−1) were fed upon at a high rate, and feeding occurred randomly throughout the leaf. The regression of feeding rate upon amount of epicuticular wax had an R2 = 0.64, indicating that 64% of the feeding variation of flea beetles on diverse species and cultivars of Brassicaceae was explained by a single factor regression. Feeding studies on low-wax (eceriferum, cer) Brassica mutants confirmed that leaf epicuticular wax is an important antixenotic factor that affects the rate and pattern of feeding of flea beetles. The CC genome of B. oleraceae was identified as the source of the waxy-leaf character that gives rise to the low feeding rate and edge-feeding pattern of flea beetles. The digenomic amphidiploid B. napus (AACC genome), derived from the monogenomic ...


Summary form only given. We investigate modes that can interact with high energy reaction products in fusion burning plasmas giving rise to instability for frequencies that correspond to harmonics of the energetic particles' cyclotron frequency. The corresponding modes in a homogeneous plasma would be classified as magnetosonic-whistler modes. It is known that in a configuration with inhomogeneous magnetic field, density, and temperature, it is possible to find radially localized solutions, that we call "contained modes," for the perturbed field. We study new localized solutions for the perturbed fields by solving the equations obtained by linearizing the extended MHD equations, including the Hall term. The main effects associated with this term are to break the symmetry in /spl plusmn/k/sub /spl perp// and to include a (Whistler type) term in the dispersion equation related to propagation in the direction of the equilibrium magnetic field. We point out how the existence of this solution is essential to make it possible that the resonant interaction of the considered modes with relatively few fusion products will yield a positive growth rate.


A Schiff base ligand was obtained when benzophenone and 2-aminophenol reacted with each other under normal circumstances. Interaction of the Schiff base ligand with NiCl2.6H2O gave rise to hydrated, ash coloured complex of high thermostability. Characterization using some physicochemical techniques such as solubility, melting point, molar conductivity and FT-IR were carried out. The results revealed the solubility of the synthesized compounds in different solvents. The water of crystallization was calculated to constitute 2.8 %, consistent with 1 water molecule of crystallization. On subjection to conductivity measurement, an observed molar conductance of 2.55 ohm-1cm2mol-1 proved that the complex is a non-electrolyte. The FT-IR spectrum of the ligand exhibits a band at 1684.88 cm-1 attributed to vC=N which shifted to a higher frequency in the spectrum of the complex. This shifting indicates that the ligand coordinates to the Ni(II) ion via the azomethine nitrogen. On the basis of spectral analysis, the complex could be formulated as [NiL2].H2O. It could be inferred that the ligand behaved as monoanionic bidentate ligand with the azomethine nitrogen (N) and phenol oxygen (O) as the coordination sites assuming a four coordinates square planar geometry.


The excitation mechanism of bundle conductors' sub-span oscillation was introduced 、 the influencing factors of bundle conductors' sub-span oscillation are analyzed and the control computation theory of bundle conductors' sub-span oscillation was summarized. Then listed a number of anti-vibration measures of bundle conductors' sub-span oscillation and proposed the methods of optimization arrangement about bundle conductors' sub-span oscillation.


Recent experimental results on nucleon-antinucleon annihilation reactions of the type N\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}X have provided evidence for a new mesonic state ${\mathit{X}}_{2}$ with quantum numbers ${\mathit{J}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}\mathit{C}}$(${\mathit{I}}^{\mathit{G}}$)=${2}^{++}$(${0}^{+}$) which lies outside of the usual quark-antiquark (QQ\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}) tensor meson nonet of flavor SU(3). We show that the observed production rates of ${\mathit{X}}_{2}$ from atomic p\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}p states of orbital angular momentum L=0,1, as well as the decay characteristics of ${\mathit{X}}_{2}$, namely, its preference for \ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\rho} over \ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi} decay and the absence of an observable K\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}K mode, are consistent with an interpretation of ${\mathit{X}}_{2}$ as a quasinuclear bound state of the N\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}N potential. The principal binding mechanism for such states is provided by the coherent tensor forces for isospin I=0 which arise from meson exchanges. We review the evidence for the ${0}^{++}$(${0}^{+}$) and ${1}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$(${0}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$) states predicted in this model and apply the $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$ strong-coupling quark model to estimate the decay branching ratios for a variety of N\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}N bound states. Key experimental tests of our interpretation are discussed.


Image fusion is considered as one of the best techniques in order to decrease uncertainty and limit redundancy. It is a method of obtaining new image which will contain the data of the previous images in a way which will be more efficient and informative. Until now the image fusion techniques resembled Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) or pixel based. This paper will mainly look for the implementation of combining the two separate techniques of image fusion. Stationary wavelet transform (SWT) is a wavelet transform algorithm designed to overcome the difficulties faced by the DWT. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a method that uses the technique of orthogonal transformation to develop a new image which has all the properties of the previous images and has its two major dimensions called as the principal components. Therefore, to get rid of the demerits of the prior methods used for fusing of two images another new method is recommended that works by combining the SWT and .PCA This hybrid method is proposed to obtain a superlative, efficient and a superior image as compared to the results or pictures obtained from the pre-existing methods. The picture obtained after using this new method will be of the advanced level and superior than the standard techniques. When compared with the results of the pre-existing techniques we observed that the mean squared error was just 8694.1543 and the other errors were also reduced to a significant value which has been mentioned in detail in results the section.


This paper is an endeavor to investigate some estimation problems of the unknown parameters and some reliability measures of the alpha power exponential distribution in the presence of progressive first-failure censored data. In this regard, the classical and Bayesian approaches are considered to acquire the point and interval estimates of the different quantities. The maximum likelihood approach is proposed to obtain the estimates of the unknown parameters, reliability, and hazard rate functions. The approximate confidence intervals are also considered. The Bayes estimates are obtained by considering both symmetric and asymmetric loss functions. The Bayes estimates and the associated highest posterior density credible intervals are given by applying the Monte Carlo Markov Chain technique. Due to the complexity of the given estimators which cannot be compared theoretically, a simulation study is implemented to compare the performance of the different procedures. In addition, diverse optimality criteria are employed to pick the best progressive censoring plans. Two engineering applications are considered to illustrate the applicability of the offered estimators. The numerical outcomes showed that the Bayes estimates based on symmetric or asymmetric loss functions perform better than other estimates in terms of minimum root mean square errors and interval lengths.


This experiment was carried out to find an optimum shading level for the growth of root and shoot, and to find the effect of shading level after August on the induction and growth of inflorescence of Phalaenopsis hybrid. The shading levels were 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% of natural light(1200 μ㏖m?²s?¹). The CO₂ uptake, transpiration rate, carbohydrate content, fresh weight and dry weight of Phalaenopsis hybrid were higher at 50-60% level than the others. But, it was diminished when the shading level was increased from 70% to 90%. Inflorescence length, the number of inflorescence and flower per plant all increased under 50-60% shading level and the day needed for the flowering after treatment decreased. Especially, the induction of inflorescence was depressed and flowering is not occurred under 90% during experiment period. These results suggest that the optimal shading level for the growth of Phalaenopsis including inflorescence was founded to be 50-60% in the season of light intensity and amount of sunshine decrease after august.


According to Ogg's conjecture (Mazur's Theorem), cuspidal subgroup coincides with rational torsion points of the Jacobian variety of modular curves of the form X0(N) for a prime number N . There is a recent interest to generalize the conjecture for arbitrary N by Ribet, Ohta and Yoo. In this direction, Ribet conjectured [28, p. 360] that all the Eisenstein maximal ideals are "cuspidal". Hwajong Yoo proved the conjecture ( under certain hypothesis) provided that those ideals are rational. In this article, we show that ( under certain hypothesis), Ribet's conjecture is true for non-rational Eisenstein maximal ideals. CONTENTS