PURPOSE The global burden of cancer falls heavily on low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), where there are critical gaps in the provision of supportive care. Initiatives to translate effective, resource-appropriate preventions and clinical treatments in LMICs have been gathering pace, yet few examples exist to guide the translation of interventions that address the high unmet psychosocial needs among cancer patients. To address this gap, we have recently published a theory-based cultural adaptation of this peer mentoring program to the context of Viet Nam (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34365524/). To increase access to evidence-based supportive cancer care, building on our prior work we have developed a toolkit which provides guidance for the implementation of a culturally appropriate and resource adaptable, peer-to-peer support program. METHODS A multidisciplinary team of cancer experts and advocates employed a multi-step process to develop a virtual toolkit to guide the implementation of a peer-to-peer support program that coordinates with oncology centers to train and supervise cancer survivor-volunteers to assist cancer patients and their families better understand and navigate their treatment. RESULTS The "Stronger Together Toolkit" (STT) is an open-source, self-guided peer support program that allows for the provision of cultural and resource adaptation. STT includes six modules which use resources such as videos, slides, and worksheets, to define the intervention, engage and communicate with stakeholders, assess for readiness and plan for implementation, train program coordinators and peer mentors, evaluate training and implementation, create policies and procedures for different contexts, and identify opportunities for sustainable funding. CONCLUSION STT can be used to increase access to supportive cancer care in a way that ensures that the program and activities are acceptable and appropriate to the culture, health system, and resources of the local community and setting. In addition, the STT can be adapted to introduce peer to peer support across additional disease platforms.


The aim of this paper is to illustrate that spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity do matter in the estimation of the β-convergence process on a sample of 140 county-level regions of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region(BTHMR) over the 2001-2007 period.As of the problem of spatial autocorrelation,spatial econometric tools such as spatial error model and spatial lag model were used.Concerning spatial heterogeneity,two methods are adopted,one of which is the spatial error spatial regimes model was estimated,the other is the GWR (geographically weighted regression) model estimated with Bayesian methods due to spatial heteroskedasticity and spatial outliers.Two spatial regimes,interpreted as spatial convergence clubs or core-periphery spatial pattern,are defined using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis.Based on these techniques,several conclusions are draw as follows:① The estimation of Getis-Ord statistics shows that there has evolved a distinct core-periphery spatial structure.The core areas include Beijing,Tianjin and Tangshan mainly,while the periphery areas include mainly Zhangjiakou and Baoding,which are surrounding Beijing and Tianjin.② The estimation of appropriate spatial regimes spatial error model shows that indeed the convergence process is different across the two regimes.As a matter of fact,there is no such a convergence process for the periphery regions,which surround Beijing and Tianjin;however,the core regions have a statistically significant β-convergence,and the speed of convergence associated with this estimation is 5.3% (the half-life is 13.2 years),far above 2% usually found in the convergence literature.The reason is that the spatial spillover effect among core areas is very large,and they are more similar in economic structure and have more proficient labors,better industrial infrastructure,making them easier to absorb the knowledge and technology spillovers.③ There also exists spatial structure instability inside the two spatial regimes on the β coefficient indicated by the GWR models estimated by Bayesian methods.Specifically,some of the core areas such as most counties of Beijing do not show β-convergence due to the special political status of Beijing,while most counties of Zhangjiakou have a statistical significant β-convergence.On one hand,the findings of the spatial regimes spatial error model are not contradictory with the results of the GWR model.The GWR model is designed to investigate the absolute spatial heterogeneity while the spatial regimes spatial error model is designed to explore the relative spatial heterogeneity which is on the assumption that areas in the same spatial regime are homogenous.On the other hand,the results of the GWR model is almost the same as the findings of the spatial regimes spatial error model indicating the findings from the spatial regimes spatial error model are robust.④ With the appropriate spatial regimes spatial error model,this paper simulates the spatial spillover effect in BTHMR through random positive shocks to Tangshan in the core area and Quyang county of Baoding in the periphery area.The results show that there is a clear spatial pattern of the magnitude of spatial spillover effect which conforms to the law of geographical attenuation.


Christianity has for a long time played a significant role in the Swedish school system, which can be seen in the syllabus of the course religion in 2011 where Christianity got a special status and ...


The CNC lathe tool is usually installed higher than the centre line of the workpiece when machining cylindrical surface, so that the tool has good cutting state. However, the radical feeding error is brought and the radical size error is brought too. This paper analyzes the influence of tool's installing height on the radical size of the workpiece and the programming solution is also presented.


The complexes halogenocyclopentadienyldiquinolin-8-olatometal(IV), C5H5MXox2(M = Ti, Zr; X = Cl, Br and M = Hf, X = Cl), have been prepared by the direct interaction of quinolin-8-ol (oxH) and dihalogenobis(cyclopentadienyl)metal(IV)[(C5H5)2MX2] in acetonitrile solution at room temperature. Reactions of these complexes with ethanol, with ethoxide, and with hydrogen halides have been studied. I.r. (4000–80 cm.–1), n.m.r., and mass spectra are reported.


Abstract: Thermal expansion effects are very important in dimensional metrology. In this paper a measurement model, and associated equations, are developed for the case of a one-dimensional measurement of a steel test gage using a measuring machine and master gage. After presenting the uncertainty components for this measurement, several example measurement situations with different levels of temperature control are calculated and discussed. For each situation, the magnitude of the different sources of uncertainty are compared in order to rationally allocate resources to improve the overall measurement uncertainty.


Purpose – The study's purpose was to gather scientist end‐user perceptions of their impending phased move to a new facility within a US national laboratory site.Design/methodology/approach – The researchers, a college faculty member and three undergraduate student interns, visited 59 laboratories and asked an open‐ended question. Based on assessments of subjects' responses, the raters independently assigned ratings to subjects.Findings – A total of 57 ratings were given by three undergraduate intern raters for 19 scientist subjects. Raters selected the relatively positive, Pragmatic rating for the majority of subjects. Some inter‐rater reliability was found.Research limitations/implications – The relatively small subject sample and case study nature of this work limits the ability to generalize. However, this case study fills a gap in the body of knowledge regarding scientists' perceptions of laboratory moves and contributes to facility management education by documenting the successful involvement of und...


In order to reveal the mechanism of gas flow during gas extraction,the correlation between deformation and gas seepage in coal seam was studied.Based on gas seepage characteristics,a coupling model was established.The dynamic processes such as gas seepage in fractures,the adsorption gas desorption and diffusion in micro pores and the coal deformation were investigated,as well as the dynamically varied permeability.Numerical simulation study on the model was carried out in specific geological conditions.The results show that the gas pressure drops quickly in the early stage,and after a period of extraction the pressure declines steadily, and the closer to the location of borehole the faster gas pressure drops,and effective extraction radius is about 3m.In-seam borehole spacing at 6mreaches a stable pure metahne flow rate up to 5—7m3/min in field drainage test.


Agricultural automation and intelligence have a wide range of connotations, involving navigation, image, model, strategy and other engineering disciplines. With the development of modern agriculture are applied in many engineering areas. The operating environment of agricultural vehicles is very complex, especially as they often face obstacles, affecting the intelligent operation of agricultural vehicles. The traditional obstacle detection mostly uses the limited detection algorithm, in the case of which it is difficult to achieve the moving target detection of panoramic vision. In this paper, mean shift algorithm is selected to detect the moving obstacles of intelligent agricultural vehicles, and adaptive colour fusion is introduced to optimize the algorithm to solve the problems of mean shift. In order to verify the effect of the improvement and application of the algorithm, the video image obtained by the intelligent agricultural vehicle is selected for the simulation experiment, and the best combination (0.8.0.2) is obtained for the unequal spacing sampling method. In the process of colour selection, the coefficient needs to be adjusted continuously to improve the tracking accuracy of the algorithm. Further it can be seen that when using a variety of different quantitative methods for comparative analysis, the quantitative method of HIS-360 level is determined.


Though there exist extensive studies on the relationship between structure and properties of polyurethane [PU] and polyurethaneurea [PUU], practically no fundamental information is available on hydrated PUU. In this study, the PUU films were immersed in saline solution (0.9 wt% NaCl, 37 °C) for periods of up to 60 days and evaluated by the change in static and dynamic mechanical properties, composition and hydrogen-bonding structure. It was found that immersion in saline solution greatly increased the average molecular weight and degree of phase separation, resulting in an increase in mechanical strength and decrease in flexibility. The increase in average molecular weight is thought to come from chain extension or crosslink reactions inside the molecules and between molecules, and from leaching out of poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) oligomers. FT-IR analysis indicated that water molecules did not obviously change the hydrogen-bonding structure of PUU.

© 2000 Society of Chemical Industry


Previously there are various designs available regarding of an in-pipe inspection robot. This research paper aims at preparing a new design along with its Analysis. In a beginning we studied the available designs and Analysis reports. We have used SOLIDWORKS to design and Analysis of our robot. Our model is a wireless in-pipe inspection robot which is efficient to pass through a pipe with diameter in range of 170-200mm. The important areas we have considered while in the process of design are strength, safety while performing task, steer ability, and the most important one is size and shape adjustability We can detect various defects such as cracks, corrosion, blockages, material decay, flaws etc.


With the development of machine learning techniques, artificial intelligence applications in medicine are becoming hot topic in health information systems. In this research, we construct a new basic heart failure disease database which contains 1715 patients and 400 features. Then, we propose a new machine learning method called Polynomial Smooth Support Vector Machine(PSSVM) to help doctors diagnose heart disease, after solved by BFGS method, the algorithm parameters are obtained and they can be used to determine the state of patients' heart disease. In order to solve the problem of high dimension of database and enhance the speed of PSSVM, we use PCA, L-DA, CCA and LPP methods to decrease the features. Finally, we compare the performance of our method with LibSVM and ELM. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by comparing its performance with LibSVM and ELM.


The author has identified the following significant results. Multispectral scanner data for Brasilia was corrected for atmospheric interference using the LOWTRAN-3 computer program and the analytical solution of the radiative transfer equation. This improved the contrast between two natural targets and the corrected images of two different dates were more similar than the original ones. Corrected images of MSS data for Ribeirao Preto gave a classification accuracy for sugar cane about 10% higher as compared to the original images.


Four-layer framework for combinatorial optimization problems/models domain is suggested for applied problems structuring and solving: (1) basic combinatorial models and multicriteria decision making problems (e.g., clustering, knapsack problem, multiple choice problem, multicriteria ranking, assignment/allocation); (2) composite models/procedures (e.g., multicriteria combinatorial problems, morphological clique problem); (3) basic (standard) solving frameworks, e.g.: (i) Hierarchical Morphological Multicriteria Design (HMMD) (ranking, combinatorial synthesis based on morphological clique problem), (ii) multi-stage design (two-level HMMD), (iii) special multi-stage composite framework (clustering, assignment/location, multiple choice problem); and (4) domain-oriented solving frameworks, e.g.: (a) design of modular software, (b) design of test inputs for multi-function system testing, (c) combinatorial planning of medical treatment, (d) design and improvement of communication network topology, (e) multi-stage framework for information retrieval, (f) combinatorial evolution and forecasting of software, devices. The multi-layer approach covers 'decision cycle', i.e., problem statement, models, algorithms/ procedures, solving schemes, decisions, decision analysis and improvement. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The effect of receiving water depth on the mixing characteristics of shallow water outfalls in quiescent conditions is analyzed with an emphasis on negatively buoyant discharges. Dilution measurements for submerged jets from previous studies are analyzed to determine the effect of "shallowness" on the mixing of single port outfalls. For a unidirectional multiport diffuser, the width of the effluent plume is observed to contract in shallow water. A model is proposed relating the dilution of a unidirectional multiport diffuser to the dilution of a single port outfall using the contracted width. Measurements of the contracted width in shallow water are made to complement the proposed model, which is verified by additional measurements of dilution. It is shown that the effect of shallowness on single and multiple port outfalls is similar, and three regimes, namely, "deep", "shallow" and "wellmixed," can be identified for both types of outfalls based on the value of DOFO/H. Here, Do is the diameter of the jet, FO is the densimetric Froude number of the jet and H is the depth of receiving water. The dependence of dilution on discharge and ambient parameters is observed to be different in different regimes for the two types of outfalls. Shallow depth conditions are shown to occur at locations with small water depth or for effluents with high discharge momentum or small density difference relative to ambient water. Discharge of brine from desalination plants, when pre-diluted with condenser cooling water from thermal power plants, results in shallow water conditions. The effect of pre-dilution on the near field concentration of salinity is determined. Recommendations are made for design of outfalls to maximize near field mixing in shallow waterbodies.


The article contains sections titled:

1. Introduction
2. Process Engineering to Optimize Metals Extraction
2.1. Residence Time Distributions: Plug Flow and Mixed Flow
2.2. Dispersion in Flow-Through Systems
2.3. Networks of Reactor Components
2.4. Maximizing Extraction by Control of Equilibria
3. Modeling Complex Processes
3.1. Combining Mass Transfer with Other Rate-Controlling Processes
3.2. Fitting Rate Expressions via Artificial Intelligence
3.3. Applicability of "Standard" Models in Nonstandard Situations
3.4. Population Balances in Reacting Systems


Before liberation, my publications on aesthetics and literary theory had a widespread evil influence upon young readers. Since liberation, I have regretted that. I have eagerly studied Marxism-Leninism, seeking first to establish and then to destroy, in the hope that one day I will have thoroughly cleansed the long-standing infections in my thought. By waiting "to establish" I am putting off the task of "destroying." However, if a thing is not established, it cannot really be destroyed, and if it is not destroyed, it cannot be established; the tasks of establishing and destroying must proceed together. At the present time, in order to bring socialism to its highest point of development, the Party and the government are making even greater demands on the intellectuals, expecting them to carry out a thoroughgoing program of thought reform so as to tran-quilize the remnants of the rotten thinking of the capitalist class and to establish the Marxist-Leninist world outlook and scientific method, thus demonstra...


The propagation of Voigt waves in biaxial composite materials—whose component material phases do not support the propagation of Voigt waves—is demonstrated. Orientations of the singular axes (along which Voigt wave propagation can occur) of a composite material are explored as functions of the orientations of its component material phases, using the Maxwell Garnett and Bruggeman homogenization formalisms.


Abstract Based on the so-called "topological degeneration" approach towards organic ferromagnets, polymeric materials with the highly persistent thermally and chemically stable polychlorinated di- and triphenylmethyl radicals as the magnetic components are proposed. Two magnetic models, m-divinylbenzene-β,β'-ylenebis-4-tetradecachlorotriphenylmethyl diradical (3) and p-divinylbenzene-β,β'-ylenebis-4-tetradecachlorotriphenylmethyl diradical (4) have been synthesized and their magnetic properties studied. While the thermal and chemical stabilities of their monoradical counterparts are preserved, the non-planarity of these molecules alters the energy levels of the ground and first excited states leading to very weak magnetic interactions for ferromagnetic purposes. Other diradical models with foreseeable larger magnetic interactions are proposed.


An important consideration for laser intracavity use of single crystal (SC) chemical vapour deposition (CVD) grown diamond [1, 2] is the insertion loss of a material. For diamond, this is typically dominated by absorption associated with nitrogen impurities – predominantly single substitutional nitrogen [3]. The absorption of early generations of SC CVD grown diamond was measured by Turri et al. using laser calorimetry [4]. The absorption coefficients at 1064 nm ranged from 0,003 to 0,07 cm -1 . However, much of the materials investigated in this study – including the samples with the lowest absorption – had significant spatially varying birefringence. As van Loon et al. demonstrated [5], this birefringence made intracavity use of such materials problematic. In 2010, Lubeigt et al. reported on the use of low-birefringence material (Δn < 5∙10 -7 ) to demonstrate the first continuouswave diamond Raman laser [2]. However this material had an absorption coefficient of ~0,03cm -1 at 1064 nm (inferred from Caird analysis of the intracavity losses [6]). This elevated loss limited the performance of the Raman laser. Subsequently, Friel et al. reported on the growth of singlecrystal diamond that combined low birefringence (Δn < 10 -6 ) with an absorption coefficient at 1064 nm measured to be ~0,001 cm -1 by ISO-standard laser calorimetry [3]. Material of this grade was then used to demonstrate an eight fold improvement in the output power of continuous wave diamond Raman lasers [7]. This indicates the importance of understanding the absorption characteristics of diamond if the performance of intracavity Raman lasers is to be optimised.


With the global energy consumption reaching unsustainable levels, the need for regulating energy consumptions has been emphasised. Hence a variety of methods are followed in different countries to minimise the impacts of embodied energy (EE) and operational energy (OE) in buildings. Considering either EE or OE in its individuality is not a pragmatic approach and it is important to consider means of reducing both EE and OE in parallel. The design stage was identified as the most suitable stage for integrating energy efficiency measures, since most crucial project decisions are taken at this stage. Although a multitude of research has been conducted on EE and OE individually, there seems a lack of research that focuses on both these aspects together. The extensive literature review was followed by 5 preliminary interviews with subject matter experts and then semi structured interviews with 12 experts were conducted. It was revealed that determining strategies for achieving simultaneous EE and OE reduction is difficult. The identified strategies to be implemented in the design stage were classified as material selection related, design approach related, building morphology related, procurement process related and other strategies, with a majority of strategies falling under the 'procurement process' category.


Mycotoxins pose a large threat to human and livestock besides reducing the quality of food/feed. It is believed that these toxins are biosynthesized as a mechanism of defense (stress-response) of fungi. The most important mycotoxin for winter-cereal crops is known by deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene biosynthesized mainly by Fusarium graminearum. This manuscript brings data of three years (2018, 2019 and 2020) of field research (24 field experiments) in Western Santa Catarina and North-Western Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil using a sulphated polysaccharide exclusive from red seaweed, carrageenan, associated with fungicides to help suppressing deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis and accumulation in wheat kernels. A reduction of 36.4% in DON contamination was observed. Weather conditions have influenced the accumulation of DON in wheat kernels. Carrageenan has shown to be a biological compound capable of helping on the suppression of DON biosynthesis and accumulation in wheat kernels regardless of weather conditions.


This paper presents a facile route using a simple solvothermal reaction to synthesize monodisperse and single-crystalline Fe3O4 hollow spheres. Fe3O4 hollow spheres with a mean diameter of 200 nm are fabricated using the coordination compound [Fe(urea)6]Cl3 as the sole iron source, in the absence of any other additives. TEM, SEM and HRTEM results show that single-crystalline Fe3O4 hollow spheres are composed of well-aligned nanoparticles. The as-prepared hollow spheres have a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of about 16.251 m2 g−1 with an average pore size of 3.537 nm. The hollow spheres display obvious ferromagnetism at room temperature with a saturation magnetization of 79.58 emu g−1, a remanent magnetization of 19.1 emu g−1 and coercivity of 133.5 Oe. The growth mechanism of single-crystalline Fe3O4 hollow spheres is attributed to the cooperation of oriented aggregation and Ostwald ripening.


This study aims to explore the influence of rhythmic gymnastics on the formation of athletes' body self-awareness. Using qualitative research methods, data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations, focusing on athletes who participated in rhythmic gymnastics training as case studies. The research found that rhythmic gymnastics training promotes athletes' cognition and perception of their own bodies, enhancing their level of body self-awareness. Through exercise and training, athletes gradually develop a positive body self-image and consciousness, increasing their confidence in and satisfaction with their own bodies. Furthermore, rhythmic gymnastics training also enhances athletes' posture control capabilities and bodily coordination, further strengthening their body self-awareness. However, some athletes face body image anxieties and self-evaluation issues during their training, which require attention and timely intervention. In conclusion, rhythmic gymnastics training has a positive impact on the formation of athletes' body self-awareness.


The widespread occurrence of nouns in one language with a determiner in the other, often referred to as mixed NPs, has
 generated much theorizing and debate. Since both a syntactic account based on abstract features of the determiner and an account highlighting
 the notion of a Matrix language yield largely the same predictions, we assess how the tenets of each play out in speaker choices. The data
 derive from a massive corpus of spontaneous nominal mixes, produced by bilinguals in New Mexico, where bidirectional code-switching is the
 norm. Bilinguals' choices concern (1) NP status (mixed vs. unmixed); (2) mixing type (limited-item vs. multi-word); and (3) language of the noun
 (here, English vs. Spanish). Results show that the community preference is for mixed NPs, independent of their theoretical felicity as dictated
 by determiner language properties. As to mixing type, these NPs are mostly constituted of lone nouns, such that
 the language of the determiner and any associated verb is perforce that of the surrounding discourse. Finally, the overwhelming choice is for
 English lone nouns incorporated into Spanish, and hence for a Spanish determiner. The language of the determiner thus proceeds, not from abstract
 linguistic properties, but instead from straightforward adherence to bilingual speech community conventions.


The Peach some varieties were used to adopt uniform design,the SRAP-PCR reaction system Taq DNA polymerase,the template DNA,dNTPs,Mg2+,primers five components to optimize the concentration.The results showed that 10 μ L Peach SRAP reaction system of the best components,including 2.5 μL 10×PCR Buffer+Mg2+,1 U Taq DNA polymerase,40 ng template DNA,0.2 mmol/L dNTPs,0.2 μmol/L primer.Established by the use of the system to other parts of peach germplasm to amplify the results of clear and reliable,good polymorphism.And using random selection of the SRAP primer and SSR primer respectively distinction between identification of eight kinds of peach germplasm and found that SRAP can be used to separate peach germplasm,and the SSR was used to separate,that the peach variety identification on the SRAP in more than SSR Convenient,and relatively simple operation,the applicability.


Concentrator PV systems utilize different part of solar irradiation arriving at the Earth's surface and typically generate different power profiles than traditional flat plate PV or thin film. These factors need to be taken into account during plant design, particularly for inverter sizing strategies, and will result in very different inverter size/ rated DC power ratios than flat plate PV systems. This paper describes a methodology for sizing inverters for CPV power plants that optimizes the financial return of a project, taking into account energy generation profiles and financial parameters for large scale projects. Using hourly CPV power output throughout the year for a number of locations with high Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) in southwest US, the optimal inverter size to maximize financial return over the project term is determined taking into account the magnitude and financial value of inverter energy clipping, capital and on-going costs and other project financial parameters. This analysis demonstrates the value of inverter sizing to CPV rated power ratios at or close to 1:1 at CPV standard operating condition (SOC) rating (850W/m2 DNI, 20°C Ambient, On-Sun), or 1:1.25 at standard testing condition (STC) rating (1000W/m2 DNI, 25°C Cell). Concrete examples of how this methodology was applied to several commercial and planned SolFocus sites are presented.


The present invention comprises the steps of: (a) receiving a broadcast discovery record including the service event information through the service discovery and selection protocol, (b) the in phase and (c) the service information table to parse the received broadcast discovery record It provides a broadcast signal reception method comprising the step of extracting a service event information. Thus, according to the present invention, the first through the Service Discovery and Discovery protocol for IP broadcast, it was able to receive the service event information without having to join (join) a multicast stream of live media broadcasts, second, service discovery and selection it can be provided at the stage of the event information, it can reduce the network load caused by decoding the broadcast stream until the service channel is not selected for the event information to plan. IPTV, Events


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I read with interest the debate about general neurology vs subspecialization in neurology and wanted to share my perspective as someone who has recently relocated to a hematology-oncology section at Tufts Cancer Center. For 20 years, I have practiced as both a general neurologist seeing all aspects of neurology and now as a neuro-oncologist and palliative care physician. Neuro-oncology is notable among the subspecialties for involving all aspects of neurology, both upper and lower motor neuron. I also think we are in an excellent position to teach general neurology—albeit through a cancer perspective—to a whole new generation of students. Because of my training and exposure to cancer patients, I have also become interested in palliative care and increasing the number of neurologists who become board certified in palliative care is my advocacy project for the Palatucci Advocacy Leadership program of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN). There are now 46 neurologists in the United States and Canada who are board certified in palliative care. Given the unique aspects of neurodegenerative diseases, brain death, persistent vegetative state, and catastrophic events such as intraparenchymal brain hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury, we should be at the forefront of palliative care education and research. Many of these …


The paper presents the changes in soil moisture in the Republic of Srpska (RS), which occurred in the period 2015–2018. Also, the distribution of wetlands by natural units and altitude zones is given. The Copernicus Water and Wetness (WaW) database has been used, based on the photointerpretation of satellite images Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, in resolutions 10 m and 20 m. Wetlands are divided into four categories, based on the registered percentage of water and moisture during the year and seasons: permanent water, intermittent water, permanent wetland and temporary wetland. The results of the research show that temporary and permanent waters occupy 0.48 % of the territory of the RS, permanently wet areas 0.03 %, while the largest territory includes temporarily wet areas which occupy 1.81 % (areas with wetness from 25 % to 75 %). The two largest areas where humidity occurs, and which differ in geographical position and origin of humidity, are: Posavina and Semberija in the north and medium and high karst fields in the south, in the region of Herzegovina. Changes in soil moisture registered in the period 2015–2018 are primarily of anthropogenic origin and relate to the drainage of wetlands and ponds. The most famous case is the Bardača reserve, where most of the former 11 fishponds have been turned into agricultural land over the last decade. There has not been any long-term monitoring of soil moisture at the entire territory of the RS, so the main contribution of this paper can be seen in that aspect.


Grating coupler and mode converter working at 2-micron waveband were fabricated on the 600-nm-thick As<inf>2</inf>S<inf>3</inf>-on-oxide platform. Both simulation and experiment results indicate that 2-micron As<inf>2</inf>S<inf>3</inf> components has broadened wavelength bandwidth and improved fabrication tolerance.


For a utility boiler, the amount of the unburned carbon in fly ash and slag, the exhaust gas temperature, the power consumed in FD and ID fans, the main steam and reheated steam temperature and their spray water flux are different under the various operation of the oxygen content outlet furnace. Colligating all those factors, a model for calculating the coal consumption rate deviation under various oxygen control exiting furnaceis presented, and taking the minimization of the coal consumption rate as the target function, on optimal operation oxygen content outlet furnace is obtained. The analysis of a 300 MW power generator shows that the controllable operation loss is reduced by the oxygen content optimization, and the economic operation is achieved.


The disciplines within biology which have upheld neo-Darwinism are now in a state of Kuhnian crisis, the puzzle solving power of normal science being replaced with long debates about the interpretation of data, competition between rival articulations of the once universal paradigm, the re-opening of long solved problems, explicit discontent on the part of scientists and frequent appeals to philosophy and history. Similar features of distress are found when scientific research attempts to serve policy decisions. It is argued that the dramatic reduc tion in the efficiency of the consensus building machinery of science in areas relevant to public policy and in periods of Kuhnian crisis are explained in the same way; by the scientists' loss of autonomy, the weakening of disciplinary boundaries, and the elevation of the degree of critical scrutiny to which conjectures are submitted.


Aim. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of low dose cytarabine (Ara-C) combined with cladribine for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to determine clinical and lab factors associated with response to the therapy. Methods. Data of 10 patients aged 26–58 years (median 48 years) were analyzed. The diagnoses were de novo AML (7 patients), secondary AML (sAML) (2 patients) and refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB-2) (1 patient). Four patients had primary refractory AML. Relapse was diagnosed in 3 patients. The induction scheme 7+3 was ineffective in patient with RAEB-2. There was no response to any kind of therapy in sAML patients. The treatment scheme under trial consisted of Ara-C 10–15 mg/m2 subcutaneously twice a day for 1–14 days and cladribine 5 mg/m2 intravenously once a day for 1–5 days. The course was repeated in case of at least two-fold decrease in bone marrow blasts level in a punctate versus baseline. Medical examination and maintenance therapy were performed in accordance with protocols approved by the clinic. Results. According to the protocol, the patients received 1–2 courses. Response was achieved in 5 patients: 2 patients achieved complete response (CR) and 3 achieved partial response (PR). The most common complication was hematologic toxicity. All patients received transfusions of blood components. No lethal outcomes were observed within 8 weeks. The duration of the response was 2 to 3 months. During this period of time, allogeneic stem cell transplantation was performed in 2 patients with CR; however, in one patient, the conditioning regimen began at the same time with the increase in blast cell count in the bone marrow. The search for unrelated donors of hematopoietic stem cells for 2 patients with CR was begun. The distinct features of all


Recent breakthroughs in Neural Networks (NNs) have made DNN accelerators ubiquitous and led to an ever-increasing quest on adopting them from Cloud to edge computing. However, state-of-the-art DNN accelerators pack immense computational power in a relatively confined area, inducing significant on-chip power densities that lead to intolerable thermal bottlenecks. Existing state of the art focuses on using approximate multipliers only to trade-off efficiency with inference accuracy. In this work, we present a thermal-aware approximate DNN accelerator design in which we additionally trade-off approximation with temperature effects towards designing DNN accelerators that satisfy tight temperature constraints. Using commercial multi-physics tool flows for heat simulations, we demonstrate how our thermal-aware approximate design reduces the temperature from 139<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zervakis-ieq1-3141054.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> C, in an accurate circuit, down to 79<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zervakis-ieq2-3141054.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> C. This enables DNN accelerators to fulfill tight thermal constraints, while still maximizing the performance and reducing the energy by around 75% with a negligible accuracy loss of merely 0.44% on average for a wide range of NN models. Furthermore, using physics-based transistor aging models, we demonstrate how reductions in voltage and temperature obtained by our approximate design considerably improve the circuit's reliability. Our approximate design exhibits around 40% less aging-induced degradation compared to the baseline design.


Our research interest lies in studying how local strategies about partner agent selection using reinforcement learning with variable exploitation-versus-exploration parameters influence the overall efficiency of multi-agent systems (MAS). An agent often has to select appropriate agents to assign tasks that are not locally executable. Unfortunately no agent in an open environment can understand the all states of all agents, so this selection must be done according to local information. In this paper we investigate how the overall performance of MAS is affected by their individual learning parameters for adaptive partner selections for collaboration. We show experimental results using simulation and discuss why the overall performance of MAS varies.


In this paper, we consider three landmark experiments of quantum physics and discuss the related wave particle
duality paradox. We present a formalization, in terms of formal logic, of single photon self-interference.
We show that the wave particle duality paradox appears, from the logic point of view, in the form of two
distinct fallacies: the hard information fallacy and the exhaustive disjunction fallacy.
We show that each fallacy points out some fundamental aspect of quantum physical systems and we present
a logic solution to the paradox.


Thermal energy storage subsystems with phase change materials (PCMs) can improve the performance, reduce the weight, and extend the life of space IR sensor systems. This paper summarizes the findings of a Phillips Laboratory-sponsored Phase I SBIR program to demonstrate the feasibility of thermal storage unit (TSU) technology at an operational temperature of 60 K. During this program, an apparatus was designed and constructed for testing and characterizing various 60 K PCMs, a prototype TSU was designed, analyzed, fabricated, and successfully tested, and four PCMs{emdash}nitrogen, freon-22, air, and nitrogen trifluoride{emdash}were performance tested. The experimental results indicate that nitrogen trifluoride is a very promising 60 K PCM. In particular, the testing showed that a nitrogen trifluoride-based TSU has over two times the energy storage capacity of a nitrogen-based TSU, and four times the energy storage capacity of a high heat capacity solid device. As a result of this effort, development of a full-scale (6 kJ) 60 K TSU has been initiated in the Phase II SBIR follow-on program. The full scale TSU will be tested on-orbit in a Hitchhiker GAS Canister experiment on STS-87 in October of 1997. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}


Abstract : 1) The development and testing of a comprehensive infrared and optical propagation assessment model suite for the marine atmospheric boundary layer. 2) The improvement of weather-dependent range predictions for the Target Acquisition Weapons Software (TAWS) in the marine environment by developing a near-field wake effects, by modeling the residual far-wake effects (ship tracks) to provide a means of early detection of ship targets, and by developing algorithms to handle horizontal line-of-sight (HLOS) scenarios to extend the capabilities of TAWS to surface and low altitude situations.


AIM: A common approach for prioritizing conservation is to identify concentrations (hotspots) of biodiversity. Such hotspots have traditionally been designated on the basis of species‐level metrics (e.g., species richness, endemism and extinction vulnerability). These approaches do not consider phylogenetics explicitly, although phylogenetic relationships reflect the ecological, evolutionary and biogeographical processes by which biodiversity is generated, distributed and maintained. The aim of this study was to identify hotspots of phylogenetic diversity and compare these with hotspots based on species‐level metrics and with the existing protected areas network. LOCATION: Global. TIME PERIOD: Contemporary. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Terrestrial vertebrates (mammals, birds and amphibians) and angiosperms. METHODS: We used comprehensive phylogenies and distribution maps of terrestrial birds, mammals, amphibians and angiosperms to identify areas with high concentrations of phylogenetic diversity, phylogenetic endemism, and evolutionary distinctiveness and global endangerment. We compared the locations of these areas with those included within the current network of protected areas and concentrations of species‐level indices: species richness, species endemism and species threat. RESULTS: We found spatial incongruence among the three evolutionary diversity metrics in each taxonomic group. Spatial patterns of diversity and endemism also differed among taxonomic groups, with some differences between vertebrates and angiosperms. Complementarity analyses of phylogenetic diversity identified the minimal area that encapsulates the full branch lengths for each taxonomic group. The current network of protected areas and species‐level hotspots largely does not overlap with areas of high phylodiversity. MAIN CONCLUSION: Overall, < 10% of hotspot areas were designated as protected areas. Patterns of diversity, endemism and vulnerability differ among taxonomic groups.


Single-cell RNA-sequencing technologies may provide valuable insights to the understanding of the composition of different cell types and their functions within a tissue. Recent technologies such as spatial transcriptomics, enable the measurement of gene expressions at the single cell level along with the spatial locations of these cells in the tissue. Dimension-reduction and spatial clustering are two of the most common exploratory analysis strategies for spatial transcriptomic data. However, existing dimension reduction methods may lead to a loss of inherent dependency structure among genes at any spatial location in the tissue and hence do not provide insights of gene co-expression pattern. In spatial transcriptomics, the matrix-variate gene expression data, along with spatial co-ordinates of the single cells, provides information on both gene expression dependencies and cell spatial dependencies through its row and column covariances. In this work, we propose a flexible Bayesian approach to simultaneously estimate the row and column covariances for the matrix-variate spatial transcriptomic data. The posterior estimates of the row and column covariances provide data summaries for downstream exploratory analysis. We illustrate our method with simulations and two analyses of real data generated from a recent spatial transcriptomic platform. Our work elucidates gene co-expression networks as well as clear spatial clustering patterns of the cells.


This article evaluates the use of bagasse flour — a waste generated by sugarcane refinery—as a filler in the PVC matrix. The aim of the study is to develop a value-added product from the sugar mills. For this purpose, bagasse powder was obtained after grinding the dried waste from sugar mills having particle sizes of 100—150 µm and <50 µm. In order to evaluate the effect of filler content and alkali treatment of bagasse, several PVC formulations were obtained by dry-mixing PVC compound with filler of varying particle size. The compounds were obtained by blending on a hot roll mill followed by compression molding. The test specimens were punched out from the sheets and the effect of filler content, particle size, and alkali treatment of bagasse powder on the properties of PVC were evaluated. Tensile strength, percent elongation at break, and impact strength of composites decreased whereas stiffness, modulus, and hardness of the composites increased with increasing amount of filler. The particle size had a large effect on the properties of composites, and the filler having particle size <50 µm gave better properties as compared to filler with particle size of 100—150 µm. Some improvement in properties was observed when treated bagasse powder was used as filler. An increase of ∼48% in tensile modulus, ∼10% in thermal stability, and 14% in impact strength was observed as compared to neat PVC at a filler loading of 30 phr. Morphological characterization was done using a scanning electron microscopy. A uniform dispersion of filler was observed.


Proposed system has been developed to extract the optimal features from the breast tumors using Enhanced Cuckoo Search (ECS) and presented in this paper. The texture feature, intensity histogram feature, radial distance feature and shape features have been extracted and the optimal feature set has been obtained using ECS. The overall accuracy of a minimum distance classifier and k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) on validation samples is used as a fitness value for ECS. The new approach is carried out on the extracted feature dataset. The proposed system selects only the minimum number of features and performed the accuracy of 98.75% with Minimum Distance Classifier and 99.13% with k-NN Classifier. The performance of the new ECS is compared with the Cuckoo Search and Harmony Search. This result shows that the ECS algorithm is more accurate than the other algorithm. The proposed system can provide valuable information to the physician in medical pathology.


As is well-known, choices of a decision maker (DM) who attempts self-control in the face of temptation may exhibit menu effects and "non-standard" patterns. Existing models can accommodate some of these patterns but not others; e.g., they can explain self-control undermining menu effects, but not self-control enhancing ones. We introduce a model of self-control with the goal of better understanding and accounting for such effects. The basic idea underlying our model is that the DM experiences a psychological cost if she succumbs to temptation and chooses in a manner that is totally antithetical to her commitment preferences. To mitigate such costs, in any menu, her expression of self-control involves, first, eliminating a subset of alternatives that are worst according to her commitment preferences, with the elimination process being reference-dependent. Then, amongst the remaining alternatives, she chooses the best one according to her temptation preferences. Besides studying menu effects, we characterize the model behaviorally based on a novel axiom called WARP with norms. We also show that the model is well-identified.


Room-temperature time-resolved step-scan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been used to study the photocycle of native bacteriorhodopsin (bR) suspension in both H2O and D2O. The kinetics of the retinal isomerization, and that of the protonation/deprotonation of the proton acceptor, Asp85, are compared in the μs to ms time domain. It is found that hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) isotope exchange does not significantly affect the kinetics of the retinal isomerization and relaxation processes. However, the protonation/deprotonation processes of Asp85 COO- become slower in D2O. We also studied the kinetics of the continuum absorbance change in the 1850−1800 cm-1 frequency region, which has previously been proposed to correspond to the absorption of the delocalized proton that is involved in the proton transport to the surface during the photocycle. An H/D isotope shift of the frequency range of this continuum absorbance has been confirmed by the observation that the band in the 1850−1800 cm-1 disapp...


Data acquisition systems in High Energy Physics need to cope with increasing requirement of transmission bandwidth and storage capability. The LHC increase of luminosity and the bunch space reduction, after the first machine shutdown period, will produce more interactions per bunch crossing and increase the level of signal background. In this paper we present the design and study of second level trigger algorithms implemented in the data acquisition system of the TOTEM Experiment[1]. The project aims to increase the efficiency of the actual readout system by filtering on-line data, preserving the physics information of interest and better exploiting the available storage bandwidth.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of traumatic intracranial hematoma by "Poxue Zhuyu Decoction" and western medicine. Methods 115 subjects were randomized into two groups: treatment group in which 57 cases were treated with "Poxue Zhuyu Decoction" and western medicine and control group in which 58 cases were treated with simple western medicine. Results The hematoma absorption,average hospitalization time and total effective rate were improved more significantly in treatment group than in control group(P0.05). Conclusion "Poxue Zhuyu Decoction" and western medicine has excellent effects on traumatic intracranial hematoma.


Background Spastic diplegia is a form of cerebral palsy (CP) that is a chronic neuromuscular condition of hypertonia and spasticity manifested as an especially high and constant tightness or stiffness in the muscles of the lower extremities of the human body, usually those of the legs, hips and pelvis. An anklefoot orthosis (AFO) is an orthosis or brace that encumbers the ankle and foot which is the most frequently used orthosis in case of diplegic cerebral palsy. Objective of the study was to review the effect of static and dynamic AFO on Tendo Achilles (TA) tightness in subjects with diplegic spastic cerebral palsy. Methods Total of 20 articles reviewed aiming to know the effect of either static or dynamic orthosis which can help to reduce TA tightness among diplegic subjects. Conclusion Thus based on the various results achieved in the previous studies, this literature review concluded that both static and dynamic ankle foot orthoses are equally important in rehabilitating a child with TA tightness in diplegic cerebral palsy, static AFOs assist mainly in stability component whereas dynamic AFOs help in maintaining both mobility and stability of ankle joint.


This paper studies survival measures in credit risk models. Survival measure, which was first introduced by Schonbucher [12] in the framework of defaultable LMM, has the advantage of eliminating default indicator variable directly from the expectation by absorbing it into Randon-Nikodym density process. Survival measure approach was further extended by Collin-Duresne[4] to avoid calculating a troublesome jump in IBPR reduced-form model. This paper considers survival measure in "HBPR" model, i.e. default time is characterized by Cox construction, and studies the relevant drift changes and martingale representations. This paper also takes advantage of survival measure to solve the looping default problem in interacting intensity model with stochastic intensities. Guaranteed debt is priced under this model, as an application of survival measure and interacting intensity model. Detailed numerical analysis is performed in this paper to study influence of stochastic pre-default intensities and contagion on value of a two firms' bilateral guaranteed debt portfolio.


This article holds the year when comrade JIANG Ze-min continuously gave important speeches on flourishing the philosophy social science of our country for three times, is just the same year when he completely expounded the important theory of the "three representatives". Therefore, we must contemplate the "three representatives" together with the theory that philosophy social science is as important as natural science. Only in the light of "three representatives" can we really understand the profound connotation that philosophy social science and natural science are equally important. This article analyses the same importance from three aspects, that is, promoting the liberation of the advanced productivity, promoting the development and progress of Chinese culture, defending and realizing the fundamental interests of the Chinese people.


The New Right is present in the Romanian cyberspace and has constantly increased its presence since 1999. An analysis of their blog shows that Europe's apocalypse is to happen in the next 20 to 40 years. The present article explores the apocalyptic narratives and the depictions of extreme threat toward the European identity and entity, as developed on the blog of the Romanian far right organization, the New Right. A compelling discourse of demographic decline, deChristianization and Islamization of white Europeans denounces a political conspiracy in the European apparatus that supports and encourages heavy immigration that will definitely change the face of Europe. The analysis returns valuable results, useful in understanding minority-majority dynamics in Europe and in acknowledging the expanding uses of the internet.


[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] As of second-quarter 2012, 1.55 billion EMV-compliant cards were in use worldwide, according to EMVCo, a joint venture that manages, maintains, and enhances EMV specifications and is currently owned by American Express, JCB, MasterCard, and Visa. EMV (Europay MasterCard Visa) chip-based card adoption has been swift in most nations (see table, p. 22), but the United States lags far behind. Only a handful of U.S. banks offer EMV-enabled credit cards, including Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, Citibank, Fifth Third Bank, U.S. Bank, Wells Fargo, and Silicon Valley Bank. Unlike magnetic-stripe cards that are susceptible to skimming, EMV cards, also called smartcards, include an embedded microprocessor chip that utilizes dynamic data, rather than the static data available in mag-stripe cards, to protect consumers against counterfeit fraud. A "dual interface" card U.S. Bancorp, with $354 billion in assets, is an early EMV adopter. It first issued its Travel Rewards Signature Visa EMV credit card in June 2011 to 20,000 consumer cardholders, says Julie Schmidt, vice-president, FlexPerks Visa Portfolio Management. FlexPerks is a dual-interface card that combines EMV-chip and mag-stripe technologies, so it can be used at chip-card readers, contactless payment terminals, or traditional mag-stripe readers. Schmidt spoke about the bank's EMV experience during a session at ABA's recent National Conference for Community Bankers, and in a follow-up interview. U.S. Bank rolled out the FlexPerks Travel Rewards Business card for small businesses in June 2012. The bank's corporate payments division also began issuing EMV-chip cards to corporate-card clients in March 2012. U.S. Bank began developing the business case for EMV even before Visa and MasterCard announced details and deadlines for a liability shift between issuers and merchants, notes Schmidt. She adds that the decision to offer EMV cards boiled down to customer convenience. "We wanted a better customer experience and needed a payment solution that delivered on the brand promise 'Anywhere Visa is accepted,'" says Schmidt. But other factors played into the bank's decision. Also fueling the move to EMV was concern that as other countries implemented the more secure EMV standards and had succeeded in reducing card fraud in widespread applications, fraudsters would begin focusing on the more vulnerable mag-stripe cards in the United States. U.S. Bank also noted a drop in its foreign transaction-fee revenue as customers, declined at the point of sale for not having EMV cards during foreign travel, would instead pay by cash or local currency. When customers were declined internationally, they didn't blame the technology; they blamed the card, says Schmidt. "Customers 'punish' the card by putting it in a sock drawer and not using it," she laughs. These foreign travelers were customers U.S. Bank wanted to retain, since FlexPerks cardholders who travel abroad are far more engaged and spend more on their card, explains Schmidt. Steve Kenneally, vice-president in ABA's Center for Regulatory Compliance, concurs, noting that those consumers who travel internationally tend to be more profitable customers. He says he's seeing a trend toward banks offering EMV cards on an as-requested basis to travelers, rather than rolling them out to their entire customer bases. Educating customers In May 2009, U.S. Bank converted the world's second-largest co-branded Visa card portfolio, WorldPerks Visa, to FlexPerks Visa. It was an overwhelming success, with 90% of customers activating their FlexPerks card after the new card was introduced. U.S. Bank then transitioned the FlexPerks card to EMV in 2011 by first identifying those customers who had used the co-branded card outside the United States most frequently and reissuing EMV cards to those cardholders. To drive customer acceptance, U. …


The utility model relates to an improved energy-saving environmental-protection horizontal air curtain range hood which is composed of a motor (1), an air inlet blower assembly (2), an air exhaust blower assembly (3), an oily fume filtering assembly (4), a blower case component (51), an oil collection cavity machine body (52), an air curtain hole (6), an illuminating device (7) and an electrical control system (8); the improved energy-saving environmental-protection horizontal air curtain range hood is characterized in that: the air inlet blower and the air exhaust blower use the motor commonly and are respectively arranged at two sides of the motor, and the air inlet blower and the air exhaust blower works simultaneously, the oily fume is exhausted out of the outside, the air inlet blower sucks air and feeds to the oil collection cavity machine body (52) from the rear side of the top end of the range hood, and sprays air flows to a kitchen range plane downwards in an inclining way through the three air curtain holes (6) at left, right and front sides, so as to prevent the oil fume from escaping. The improved energy-saving environmental-protection horizontal air curtain range hood has simple structure and generates air curtains without increasing the quantity of the motor, air flows of the air curtain are sufficient, and a included angle with 10-15 degrees is formed between the air flow direction and the vertical plane without affecting the normal consumption of the kitchen range; as the exhaust efficiency is high, the motor power can be reduced, thereby being energy-saving and environmental-protection.


Dome C, a summit on the Antarctic Ice Sheet, is a potential site for a projected astronomical interferometer. Measurements of the atmospheric time constant , τ0 - which characterizes the performance of ground-based interferometers - have been performed on January 31st and February 1st 2005 at daytime. The atmospheric time constant was assessed through the motion of the image formed in the focal plane of a Fizeau interferometer. Insufficient temporal and spatial samplings did not permit the direct determination of τ0, but a lower limit was, nevertheless, obtained by studying the decay rate of the correlation between successive fringes. Coherence times were found to exceed 10 ms, i.e. they are at least three times larger than the median coherence time measured at the site of Paranal (3.3ms). The instrumental set-up used at DomeC is sensitive to the wind direction and this intrinsically limits the precision that can be reached in the determination of τ0. We review other current techniques for measuring the atmospheric time constant, and show that an adequate technique to monitor τ0 is still lacking. A new method based on the fast variations of defocus is outlined.


A scheme for three-dimensional magnetic field vector measurement using a fiber mounted magneto-optic probe is proposed, which can detect the intensity and direction simultaneously. A theoretical analysis is performed and the system is investigated numerically.


The paper considers the theory of the phenomena associated with the Sun's passage in the sky when the parameters of the orbital and rotational motion of the Earth are changing. The author found that the obliquity changes from 14.8° to 32.1°. These results explain the variations of paleoclimate and are consistent with several testimonies of paleoastronomy. The program SunPhenomn.mcd developed in MathCad to calculate the duration of solar day, equation of time, daylight, azimuths of the daily movement of the Sun, sunrises and sunsets, the length and azimuth of the gnomon shadow, duration of the polar days and nights, of seasons and other phenomena. The phenomena of the Sun in the contemporary epoch and in 4 extreme epochs in the interval of 50 thousand years ago are calculated. The example of the funnel on Yamal shows the application of the program SunPhenomn.mcd in aerospace studies of the relief. The work is of interest to a wide range of experts in the field of Earth Sciences and can be used by students and post-graduate students to carry out theses and dissertations.


This paper proposes a model-based and formal approach to the development of medical systems: formal modeling is used for system speci cation, design, and analysis; and interactive simulation, involving end users, is used for system validation. In this approach, the behavior of a medical device is modeled as a hybrid automaton, and concurrently, a realistic interactive graphic interface is developed. The behavioral model is translated into a logic theory, used to formally verify its correctness. The theory is also an executable model that can be integrated with the graphic interface. The resulting virtual device prototype is then simulated within a model of a clinical environment including the model of the patient and other devices. This approach results in higher dependability in patient care: formal methods lead to veri ability of the development process, and simulation allows validation of speci cations and designs.


A university offers multitude of courses each having different constraints, pre-requisites, focus as well as sequence in which these need to be taken. A student accordingly attempts to design his credits. This is equally applicable to a faculty who tries to focus on a basket of courses according to his/her interests. An attempt to automate this process by clustering the textual descriptions of the course offerings alone however has not been very productive and commonly it is done manually as the course offerings evolve. In this work, to achieve this goal, the method elaborated in this paper uses the implicit social network of offered courses coupled with a bottom up ensemble approach that tends to balance both topology and topic, semantics and context. Contrary to clustering that depends on the attributes of each node(individual course), community focused techniques utilize network details if such an implicit social graph based on similarity of courses can be envisaged. The course descriptions themselves are represented by vectors that are derived from dense (derived from word2vec) as well as sparse vector (derived from TF-IDF) representation of various aspects of a course description. As a next step, an innovative ensemble approach is used to calculate similarity based on various similarity algorithms combined with the similarity detected by a traditional clustering algorithm. Finally the derived similarities from this ensemble are used to form edge weights in the adjacency matrix of the course social graph so that standard community detection algorithms can be used. The analysis carried out here shows that this approach is much more successful in detecting course clusters compared to classical text clustering approach. The main contribution of this work is a bottom up ensemble scheme coupled with community detection techniques that can be way more successful than classical text clustering methods.


The article reports on the study of the interferential influence of Welch intonation on the speech of Australians. Special focus is given to historical factors which influence the phonetic realization of Australians' speech. The article contains overview of the results of lingual and historical analysis proving that the first emigrants of Australia were representatives of the lowest social classes, native Cockney, Venaculas speaker from different parts of Britain. Investigators consider that Australian English is more likely to be close to Cockney dialect with a touch of Welsh, Irish and a definite share of Scottish dialects. In the frame of the conducted complex investigation on the basis of auditory and computer analysis melodic and frequency characteristic of Australian speech were studied and the influence of English speech of the first emigrants from Britain was traced. In the result of the auditory analysis the prevalence of the Falling terminal tone was fixed, which is the peculiarity of the British intonation, and also high frequency of Rising and Rising-Falling nuclear tones. Such tendency is the result of the Welsh intonation influence on the speech of Australians. Computer analysis showed the frequency characteristics in the speech of the investigated informants vary which depend on gender and territorial belonging of the speaker. Uniqueness of Australian English has been revealed in the paper, which was formed in the run of historical development of the country under the influence of emigrants' speech as well as from different areas of Britain and other countries. The analysis of segmental characteristics which were formed under the influence of regional factors inside and outside Australia are to be the subject of the future investigation.


Abstract Objectives. This study examined the association between remembered parenting style of both mothers and fathers in childhood and mental health outcomes of caregiving in middle and later adulthood. Methods. Data were from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, a national survey that included 7,108 participants aged 24 to 75 years at baseline. The sample analyzed in the current study included 244 MIDUS participants who had given personal care to their mothers or fathers for one month or more during the last 12 months in the second and third waves. Parenting style variables, which included maternal/paternal affection and maternal/paternal discipline, were from the first wave; mental health outcome variables, which included emotional distress, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction, were from the second and third waves. Multiple regression and multilevel modeling were applied using R. Results. Maternal affection was negatively associated with emotional distress. Paternal affection was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. The associations between maternal/paternal discipline and mental health outcomes were not significant. Among the caregivers who provided care for parents, those who had mothers with high affection in childhood experienced a lower level of emotional distress, those who had fathers with high affection experienced a lower level of depressive symptoms in middle and later adulthood. Discussion. Our findings have advanced the understanding of the long-term consequences of parenting style in childhood on mental health outcomes among family caregivers in later life. The results have implications in the development of interventions focusing on mental health outcomes among family caregivers.


Hypertension management forms a cornerstone of cardiovascular prevention. Strong evidence is available supporting the benefits of blood pressure (BP) lowering in older adults and recent studies indicate that intensive BP control may provide additional advantages on cardiovascular and mortality risk, also at older ages. Yet, in older adults the cardiovascular benefit of intensive treatment may come at the expense of increase in adverse events. Indeed, advanced age and frailty may modify the risk/benefit ratio of BP lowering due to a greater predisposition to hypotension and more severe consequences deriving from treatment-related adverse effects. This mostly applies to individuals with poor health status and limited life expectancy, in whom aggressive BP lowering may not lead to cardiovascular benefits, but rather increase the risk of short-term treatment-related complications. Furthermore, the potential harms of intensive BP control might be underestimated in clinical trials due to exclusion criteria which preclude patients with frailty and multimorbidity from being eligible. Syncope and falls are the most frequently mentioned antihypertensive-related safety concern, but aggressive BP lowering may negatively affect also renal function, cognitive performance, quality of life and survival. With the growing emphasis on intensive treatment strategies, raising awareness on potential harms associated with aggressive BP lowering might help improve hypertension management in older adults and encourage implementation of clinical research on safety issues. Given these premises, we present a narrative review illustrating the most relevant risk potentially associated with intensive BP control in older patients.


Objective To assess the diagnostic value of acetazolamide(ACZ) vasoactive test using regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) SPECT imaging in patients with TIA.Methods SPECT imaging was performed before and after oral ACZ vasoactive test combining with visual and semiquantitative analysis of tomogram.Blood gas analysis was also done before and after ACZ test.Results After ACZ test in normal group, 99m TC ECD was distributed symmetrically on corresponding parts of the brain and CBF was generally increased.The value of blood pH was decreased and blood PCO 2 was increased in TIA group after ACZ test.The positive rate of local hypoperfusion lesion on SPECT imaging increased from 5/6 to 6/6 in symptomatic TIA patients and from 60% to 92% in asymptomatic patients.The total positive rate was 93% after ACZ test.Conclutions The method of oral ACZ vasoactive test using SPECT imaging was simple,reliable and has early diagnostic value in patients with TIA.


Optical-fiber measurement of electric current can be rendered immune from the effects of environmental vibration by utilizing the nonreciprocity of the Faraday effect in an arrangement which propagates light simultaneously in the two directions around a fiber loop enclosing an electric current. The system is compared with a back-reflection arrangement. Temperature variations are also suppressed. >


The Linked Swing‐Contract Market Design has the same basic purpose as current US RTO/ISO‐managed wholesale power markets: namely, to ensure efficient continual balancing of net load in real‐time operations. This chapter reviews the three basic approaches to long‐term reserve procurement currently implemented in US RTO/ISO‐managed wholesale power markets: namely, scarcity pricing, centrally managed capacity markets, and load‐serving entity (LSE) bilateral contract obligations. It explains how SC markets could facilitate the resolution of the revenue insufficiency and merit‐order issues causing problems in current US RTO/ISO‐managed wholesale power markets. A rough comparison between the size of the contract‐clearing optimization for an SC day‐ahead market (DAM) and the size of a standard security‐constrained unit commitment (SCUC) optimization for a US RTO/ISO‐managed DAM is provided. Finally, the chapter briefly reviews additional desirable features of the Linked Swing‐Contract Market Design.


A frequency equation for the coupled axisymmetric natural vibrations of elastic annular plates (foundations) and heavy ideal two-layer incompressible liquid in a rigid annular cylindrical container is derived. Some limiting cases are addressed, i.e., when the annular plates degenerate into membranes, absolutely rigid or circular plates, as well as the case when the upper plate is absent (free surface of liquid). The frequency spectrum is analyzed for a wide range of parameters of the considered mechanical system. A number of mechanical effects in the hydroelasticity problem are drawn. Кононов Ю. М., Шевченко В. П., Джуха Ю. О. Осесиметричні коливання пружних кільцевих основ і двошарової ідеальної рідини в жорсткому кільцевому циліндричному резервуарі // Мат. методи та фіз.-мех. поля. – 2017. – 60 , № 1. – С. 85–95. Translation: Кononov Y. М., Shevchenko V. P., Dzhukha Y. O. Axially symmetric vibrations of elastic annular bases and a perfect two-layer liquid in a rigid annular cylindrical vessel // J. Math. Sci. – 2019. – 240 , No. 1. – P. 98–112. – https://doi.org/10.1007/s10958-019-04338-2


The increasing 3D model applications in various areas of life and widespread use like industry leads to 3D models being stolen and attacked by hackers; therefore, 3D model protection is a fundamental matter nowadays. In this paper, the proposed scheme will provide stringent security for the 3D models by implementing multiple levels of security with preserving the original dimensionality of the 3D model using the weight factor (w). The first level of security is achieved by applying a shuffling process for the vertices based on a key from random number generator (RNG), which provides good confusion. The second level is implemented by modifying the vertices values based on 3D keys from 3D Lorenz chaotic map, which provides good diffusion. The proposed scheme was applied on different 3D models varying in the vertices and faces number. The results illustrate that the proposed scheme deforms the entire 3D model based on Hausdorff distance (HD) approximately 100 after the encryption process, making it resist statistical attack. The scheme provides high security against brute force attack because it has a large key space equal to 10,105 and high security against deferential attack through secret key sensitivity using number of pixels change rate (NPCR) near to 99:6% and unified average changing intensity (UACI) near to 33:4%.


Compared to pediatrics,the neonatology is specific,so we need to deal with the dialectical relationships of possibility and realism,cause and effect,phenomenon and essence,content and form,quantitative change and qualitative change,chanciness and inevitability,universality and specificity in clinic.And we also need to set up four basic concepts about prevention,whole,accuracy and congenital.


In this short note, we clarify some methodological choices made in the preparation of the Governance Report Indicators Dashboards. The purpose of this document is to allow the academic research user to understand and evaluate the choices that were made when assemblying the data. It does not replace the fuller discussion of the indicators project found in Hertie School (2013a; 2013b). In particular, users are referred to Anheier et al. (2013), Stanig (2013), and Stanig and Kayser (2013) for a relatively detailed outline of the conceptual grounding of the indicators project. It should be kept in mind that, as of 2013, the Indicator Dashboards are in their first edition, and we consider them a stepping stone towards a fuller governance measurement system. For this reason, questions, comments, and constructive criticism are more than welcome.


Objective To explore the value and significance of respiratory nursing management mode on preventing pulmonary infection of severe hepatitis patients.Methods One hundred and sixty-eight severe hepatitis patients in hospital from 2008 to 2012 were enrolled.A total of 84 cases were randomized into control group,which were cared with traditional second-level monitoring mode:head nurse guidance,nursing department supervision.While for the 84 cases in prevention group,specialist nursing management group were established to organize regular patients nursing round,formulated nursing quality standards and evaluation indexes,and the cases were all cared by three-tier process monitoring:basic charge nursing,specialist group guidance,and nursing department supervision.Finally,the difference in pulmonary infection rate (PIR),infection related mortality (IRM),average length of stay (ALOS),and per capita hospitalization costs (PCHC) between the two nursing mode groups were evaluated.Results Compared with control group,the PIR significantly decreased 20.24% in prevention group (x2 =8.537 4,P =0.003 5),and IRM were also decreased significantly (10.71% vs 23.81% ; x2 =5.042 9,P =0.024 7).ALOS were 38.09 days in prevention group and 51.24 days in control group,and PCHC decreased about ¥ 9 300.00 in prevention group.Conclusions Respiratory specialist nursing management mode is worth popularizing as it can prevent pulmonary infection,lessen IRM,shorten ALOS,and decrease PCHC,as well as can improve patients' satisfaction and compliance.

Key words:
Hepatitis;  Respiratory nursing;  Specialist management group;  Pulmonary infection


Abstract This research focuses on responsiveness in high variety manufacturing environments. To achieve it, the article proposes to develop Dynamic Response Capabilities (DRCs) of the manufacturing system defined as the abilities to readjust the planned operating parameters of workload, capacity, and lead time, in the wake of disturbances. To inform their development, built on the Workload Control theory, a routine-based framework is proposed. The framework supports an integrated approach for the implementation of adaptive decision-making routines for workload, capacity, and lead time readjustments at different stages in the order fulfilment process. Findings from two empirical cases show the appropriateness of the framework to develop and utilise DRCs in different settings of disturbances. Results of a simulation study, with one of the case companies, also shows the effectiveness of the framework to drive performance improvements in presence of recurring disturbances leading to demand variability.


The floristic account of 55 taxa belonging to 44 genera under 29 families hitherto not reported from Solapur district of Maharashtra are enumerated here of which 2 taxa are endemic to India. Nine photographs are also provided for field identification.


There is now a considerable literature on computer simulations of DNA packaging inside bacteriophage capsids. While most studies have reached a semiquantitative or qualitative agreement with single molecule packaging and ejection studies, several quantitative answers are to date still lacking, needing either more accurate measurements or more realistic or difficult simulations. Here, I briefly review the outstanding questions in this field and report some new numerical results on DNA packaging inside the phi29 phage, modelled either as a capped sphero-cylinder or as a sphere with the same internal volume. These simulations include electrostatics and a realistic genome length, and contribute to seriously questioning the inverse spool model, which arises from a purely continuum mechanics view of the problem, and is still commonly adopted to describe the shape of the packaged genome.


The paper postulates that Japanese Industrial Relations system has been crucial in the evolution and actual performance of the Japanese economy. It then attempts a comparison between the Japanese and the Indian Industrial Relations model. It is argued that the Japanese models offer learning for the management, unions, workers and the Government in India. The management needs to accord a genuine recognition to unions, and the unions would have to be more constructive and realistic. The workers can pick up threads from its Japanese counterpart in terms of their loyalty and commitment. The Japanese have been making adjustments in their employment patterns and the Government of India can take a leaf from such adjustments and not remain extremely rigid in terms of employment of workers.


We present the calculation of the one-loop Yukawa coupling beta function to order Yg2 in a general a gauge, where Y and g are Yukawa and gauge couplings. We show explicitly how the gauge parameter a cancels out from the beta - function and demonstrate how some familiar results are obtained from it.


Undergraduate Collective Health courses are being implemented since 2009 with the help of Reuni (Restructuring and Expanding Federal Universities), Pro Saude (National Program to Redirect Professional Health Training), and PET Saude (Education Program for Health Work). Our proposal is to understand the profiles, motivations, and opportunities of the undergraduate students registered in the Collective Health Management program between 2010 and 2014 in the Collective Health Department of the Health Sciences Faculty at the University of Brasilia (UnB). To accomplish this, a descriptive observational study using a cross-sectional design was conducted, targeting students that had registered or withdrawn during the aforementioned period.This was done by consulting UnB's Academic Administration Secretariat and by using two online questionnaires – one for properly registered students and one for "evading" students. The questionnaires were sent to email addresses listed on the UnB database. The relative frequencies of the many variables were calculated using Excel. The results are presented by topic: participant profiles, reasons for choosing or evading the program, and program evaluation. The results were used to compose action plans and recommendations to confront the most relevant problems and redirect professional health training.


The question arises if it is regeneration, rejuvenation or revitalisation that is taking place in the east end of London as a result of the hosting of the London Olympics in 2012. Each term has a different meaning in the context of who benefits in the long-run from the developments. Examples from previous Olympic host cities are used to demonstrate this. This presentation builds upon the initial presentation given at the Olympic Legacy conference at Brunel University in 2009.


A new type of tuner with double wedge mechanism for tuning of cryo-module cavity has been theoretically analyzed and tested at CDM, BARC. The tuner is a candidate for incorporation in International Linear collider (ILC) operations for tuning and micro-phonics stabilization of RF cavities by changing its length. Mathematical model of tuner performance has been developed for performance estimation at different temperatures. The system has been characterized for various temperatures and its performance has been tested at lower temperatures. In this paper, the performance characteristics of tuner and its dependence on various factors like tuner material, manufacturing and assembly parameters, external environment including external temperature and resistive forces has been discussed. It also describes the low temperature testing of the system.


If the system adopted Java non-blocking I/O,one thread can process multiple connections at a time by Java non-blocking I/O APIs,which can solve the problem of the mismatch between the network speed and the speed in PC.The client can run in single thread in non-blocking mode by passing the parameter "true" or "false" to the configureBlocking(),which can change the working mode.The server is implemented with building the server channel,setting the blocking mode and processing the connections.


The core focus of this hydroacoustic research is to develop a better understanding of hydroacoustic blockage to better predict those stations that can be used in discrimination analysis for any particular event. The research involves two approaches: (1) model-based assessment of blockage and (2) ground-truth data-based assessment of blockage. The goal is to reliably determine all hydroacoustic stations that can be brought to bear on a discrimination analysis from any event location in the world s oceans. An important aspect of this capability is to include reflected T-phases where they reliably occur since reflected T-phases can allow station utilization when the direct path is otherwise completely blocked. We have conceptually designed an approach to automate assessment procedures that will allow both model-based and data-based methodologies to be utilized and in the future, integrated. We have modified the HydroCAM model-based network assessment code to include variable density bathymetry grids. This will improve the reliability of model-based blockage assessment as dense bathymetry grids are added to the bathymetry database where available and needed. We are also running the HydroCAM code to produce blockage grids in the Indian Ocean for many different blockage criteria. We have been building the database necessary to beginmore » the data driven assessment of blockage. At present, the database is accumulating earthquake events within the Indian Ocean basin as recorded at Diego Garcia and Cape Leeuwin. Over 130 events from 2001 and 2002 have been loaded. Now earthquake event data is automatically loaded into the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory database at 1-hour record lengths to accommodate future reflection phase analysis. Future work will focus on the utilization of reflected T-phases, the automated use of model-based blockage grids, and the enhancement and use of the data-based method for blockage assessment in the Indian Ocean. The analysis methodology will then be applied to other ocean basins to eventually include all ocean basins for a full worldwide blockage assessment capability.« less


The fundamental theory about the constitutive relationship of hyperelastic model has been introduced and the model of super-elastic coating has been simulated in this paper. The static stiffness of different coating thickness has been calculated considering the hyperelasticy and viscoelasticity. Through the studying, because of the increasing of deformation, the compression static stiffness of the hyperelastic coating will be increased; while the tension static stiffness of the hyperelastic coating will be decreased. Moreover, the static stiffness is only related to the relative deformation not the absolute deformation.


Abstract : Methods of solving the problem of expanding nonequilibrium flows have been under development at CAL for some time. The extension of the calculations to higher temperatures and pressures has necessitated improvements in the calculation methods. This report summarizes those techniques used at CAL which have not been previously discussed and includes the recent modifications. Numerical solutions for nonequilibrium expansions of high enthalpy airflows are presented in AD-610 820. The solution of nonequilibrium nozzle flows involves the numerical integration of a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Difficulties are encountered in starting the solution since the flow is initially in equilibrium. The starting technique used at CAL is based on a perturbation about the equilibrium solution. Several possible perturbation methods are discussed and compared. A method is presented for mixing the equilibrium and nonequilibrium equations which is useful for systems involving widely different reaction rates. Improvements in the numerical integration technique, including the application of a recent modification of the Runge-Kutta method, are discussed. These improvements reduce oscillations in the solutions and reduce computing time. It is shown that substantial reductions in computing time are made possible by starting the solution as far downstream as possible. The solutions obtained do not depend on the starting point. (Author)


FIELD: printing industry. SUBSTANCE: method for correct alignment of images containing texts in Roman or Slavic languages, in case of automatic printing includes highlighting of text blocks; checking whether the number of text blocks N is less than the specified threshold T; if the number of text blocks N is less than the specified threshold T, detection of document alignment is not carried out; if the number of text blocks N is higher than the specified threshold T, non-text areas are filled with white; an RGB image is converted into a binary one; parameters of text asymmetry asym0, asym90 are calculated; as well as horizontal - ah, and vertical - av coefficients; depending on the calculated values, it is decided that a document has proper alignment for a text in Roman languages, for a text in Slavic languages the image is turned by 180 degrees; that a document has proper alignment for a text in Slavic languages, for a text in Roman languages the image is turned by 180 degrees; the image is turned by 90 or 270 degrees. EFFECT: higher correctness of alignment of a page containing text in Roman or Slavic languages, also if colour images are available, provision of the possibility to correct possible errors of alignment. 9 dwg


This study was done to compare osteosynthesis by Proximal Femoral Nail And coxa femoral bypass by Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in Comminuted/Unstable Inter-Trochanteric Fractures of Femur in Elderly patients. The study was Interventional, prospective study. The study was conducted at department of Orthopaedics at tertiary care centre. Sample size 60. Fractures included in this study were restricted to comminuted and unstable inter-trochanteric fractures. Evans classification type 3, 4, 5. patients were divided in 2 groups-Group A which was Operated by Proximal femoral nail (PFN) and Group B which was Operated by Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty. Pre-operative workup was done followed by Operation and post operatively physiotherapy was given. Follow up was taken at regular intervals. At each follow up Harris hip score was evaluated. The study concludes that, Coxa femoral bypass by bipolar hemiarthroplasty is a better option than proximal femoral nail in the treatment of unstable IT fractures in the elderly. although surgeon practice varies widely. As the literature is not clear on this topic, the present study was undertaken to compare osteosynthesis by Proximal Femoral Nail and coxa femoral bypass by Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in Comminuted/unstable inter-trochanteric fractures of femur in elderly patients.


Drawing on research conducted in a Maltese government school, this paper presents a definition for the terms 'reading' and 'writing' in a digital age, given that definitions tend to be dominated by traditional concepts of reading and writing that ignore the role of digital technology (Lankshear and Knobel, 2008; Levy, 2011). Data were mainly collected through classroom observations with two different groups of children. One of these classes was participating in the One Tablet per Child Pilot Project, a project part-financed by the European Union Social Fund under the Ministry of Education and Employment. Children's drawings, focus group interviews and semi-structured interviews were analysed in order to explore what it means to read and write today and understand how these terms are defined by teachers and students. This paper answers the two research questions: 'How do students and teachers define reading and writing in the 21st Century?' and 'How are children reading and writing in the digital age?' The definitions provided by teachers and students focused on conveying, presenting and comprehending texts through the use of paper-based resources, however this contrasted with the observations. Reading and writing on-screen involved a complex array of skills that differed from reading and writing on paper. Reading was seen as a collaborative activity which often involved physical interaction as well as a need to follow multidirectional pathways and interact with various modes. Similarly writing on-screen involved a high element of 'design', physicality, touch and collaboration with others.


This paper will focus on a new approach, which was derived from the multi-band ANC concept. The proposed structures referred as Fast Multi-Band ANCs (FMB-ANC) are immune to crosstalk, allowing higher robustness to instability and faster convergence than the CrossTalk Resistant ANC approach (CTRANC). The method is efficient for speech enhancement because it removes reasonably the correlation between the primary and reference estimated speech components. A comparison between FMB-ANCs based on the transversal filter (FIR-LMS) and on the linear combined gradient adaptive lattice filter (GAL) is presented. Noisy speech acquired in real environments and coloured synthetic input signals, a single sinusoid and a chirped sinusoid in white noise were used to evaluate and compare the two adaptive structures. The adaptive lattice filters are less sensitive to eigenvalue spread and present faster convergence than the conventional ANC. However, in the FMB-ANC the sub-band noise estimation facilitates the convergence and increases the level of sinusoid cancellation. The experimental results obtained with real time implementations on a DSP, proved the superiority of the simpler solution based on transversal filters, while the computational burden is kept low.


The invention relates to a removal technology of nitrogen oxides generated in chlorobenzene thermal insulation nitration, comprising the following steps of: (1) thermal insulation nitration; (2) vacuum flashing; (3) gas-liquid separation: nitrochlorobenzene crude products is further treated in liquid phase and gas-phase materials enters a next step; (4) cooling and condensation: condensed materials enter a next step; (5) gas-liquid separation: the nitrochlorobenzene and water are further treated and utilized in liquid phase, and gas-phase materials enter a next step; (6) mixed absorption: nitric acid aqueous solution and hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution absorb nitrogen oxides from exhaust gas; and (7) gas-liquid separation: the gas-phase materials are discharged after the nitrogen oxides therein achieve the standard in content, the batching of mixed acid and recycling of absorption liquid are conducted in liquid phase. The technology has the advantages of high utilization of materials, less three wastes and easy industrial implementation.


The concept of principal points has been the subject of numerous theoretical and application studies. There are also the studies of principal points for multivariate binary distributions. Moreover, , recently, principal points for multivariate binary distribution considering two classes using an external criterion has studied. For example binary questionnaire data for products or services are classified based on the external criterion of customer satisfaction. In previous studies, principal points were located by minimizing the expected squared distance between the principal points and a multivariate binary distribution within a class, and maximizing the squared distance between the two classes. However, this approach to finding principal points was very time-consuming. In this study, we propose an algorithm for finding principal points considering an external criterion for multivariate binary distributions. Moreover, we apply our method to real binary data that is divided into two classes by the binary criterion, and we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.


A series of 93 children with congenital cataract reported to the College of General Practitioners were investigated. Information was obtained by interview with the mother in 53 cases and through the doctor in 21; 19 children could not be traced.


In two previous papers (1, 2) the trend of body weight has been discussed for white school children of Hagerstown, Maryland, for the successive calendar years 1933 through 1940, and in the two four-year periods, 1933 to 1936 and 1937 to 1940. The results were compared with the findings of Palmer (3, 4, 5) for a preceding period (1921 to 1927) in the same community. The main results in brief were as follows: There is to be observed a distinct secular upward trend in weight for all age groups and for both sexes. For boys the mean increase of body weight during the eight years 1933-1940 is apparent in every age (though not to the same degree), and is statistically significant for each group from 6 to 15 years. For girls the weight increase is beyond the limits of mere chance fluctuation in the lowest age group, 6-7 years, and for those above 9 years. Whatever the reasons may be, the tendency towards an increase of growth is world-wide and, for example, has been reported recently from Zurich, Switzerland (6) for a period covering almost the same years, 1934 through 1939, as the new growth studies in Hagerstown. This secular tendency has been observed throughout the United States in different geographical regions, racial stocks, and socio-economic groups and recently reviewed by Meredith (7, 8). It will be of special interest now to discuss the behavior of stature for the white school children in Hagerstown. Measurements regarding height have become available for four successive calendar years, 19371940. The observational data covering this period comprise a total of 19,949 height measurements, 10,065 on boys and 9,884 on girls. The measurements have been taken each year, together with the weighings, within the first half of May. The age has been taken as of the last birthday before the date of examination, assumed to be May 1, as described in greater detail in the former papers. The measurements after the children discarded shoes have been recorded in centimeters. The number of children measured in each of the