Introduction Every educational policy is inevitably connected to the political ideology and the programmed planning of each government. All the efforts are influenced and adjusted to the international developments and also to the special needs of every society. In-service training is based not only on the initial education of tachers, but its function is directly related to social, political, cultural and educational conditions that determine the particular educational system at the particular temporal period of time (Mavroyiorgos, 1999). In-service training is supported by the technocratic perception about society ́s investment in human capital. Theorists pinpoint that through in-service training the chance equality of an individual in taking an occupation in the labor market is enhanced and simultaneously he/she gains expertise in order to cope with the demands of a changeable era. So, in-service training can be characterized as an answer to the changes that occur in people's lives and it assists in their adjustment to new conditions (Vergidis, 2003). On the other hand, conflict theories defend that the total structure of the information society simply legitimizes societal inequalities by putting emphasis on technical connections and leaving aside social relationships. Therefore, we can not analyze teachers' performance separately from the institutional and legislative limitations of primary schools' operations (Grollios, 1999). Also, teachers are social actors, who interact with the students and their families in the school framework. Teachers are influenced by their colleagues and the administration of the educational system and they are forming an informal culture with which they face the social structure of the school. From within these systems they receive feed-back, get influenced, and experience solidarity; they are also led to initiatives and innovations, thus developing their social identity, social capital, networks and, what is more, their social trust. Their professional developments through training support them and, most times, dispel inhibitions, insecurities and social and institutional pressure, which could confine their educational activities and their teaching effectiveness. Historical Review of Professional Development in Greece In Greece, the integration of educational changes is proved by the effort of promoting lifelong learning through the establishment of corresponding educational institutions and enhancing networks for the upgrading of education and training. In addition to that, legislative interventions in lifelong learning have been developed and attempts are being made to set up a better vocational system for providing certified knowledge for building skills connected to the labor market. For this reason, the options of activating the National System Linking Vocational Education and Training with Employment (ESSEEKA), the National Certification Centre (EKEPIS) and the Organization for Vocational Education and Training (OEEK) are deeply involved in this matter. Apart from the Law 3369/2005 "Systematization of Lifelong Learning and other provisions", the Recommendation of the European Parliament of 18 December 2006 on key competences for lifelong learning, the Council Resolution of 15 November 2007 on new skills for new jobs and the report of the Council and the Commission on the implementation of the work programme "Delivering lifelong learning for knowledge, creativity and innovation" all point out the importance of searching for education and training opportunities, guidance and support essential for an individual's professional development and social integration (Council of the European Union, 2008, p. 2). The promotion of lifelong learning continues not only with the implementation of various governmental strategies, but with the co-financing of different innovative and developmental projects such as the current project named "The National Strategic Framework of Reference (ESPA) lasting from 2007 to 2013, co-financed by the European Union and the Greek nation. One of the Sectoral Operational Programmes named "Education and Lifelong Learning" (also co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF) has the aim of organizing education and lifelong learning in order to be concretely effective: an active participation in society, smooth mobility in the workplace and a minimization in the levels of both drop outs from school and in unemployed people (Eurydice 2009, pp. 30-32). Moreover, an


In a recent letter to the Editor1 Dr. E. C. Hamblen sharply condemns the use of androgens in the prac tice of gynecology. He bases his discussion upon a particular case that came to his attention, one in which a total of 2500 mg. of testosterone propionate was administered by some physician over a period of 10 months to a girl of but 15 years of age. This was truly an astonishing procedure. One point which is fundamental and with which none will take issue is that the excessive use of any pharmacologic agent, hormonal or otherwise, is harmful. It must be admitted that following large parenteral doses (500 to 600 mg. per month) of testosterone propionate, undesirable side-reactions such as temporary virilization may develop. Such dosage used parenterally has given cause for protestation that androgens are 'contrasexual.' But it well may be that it is the dosage and not the hormone that is contraphysiologic.


Emphasises the importance of libraries adopting a marketing approach and examines some of the lessons which they can learn from profit‐making organisations. Describes a marketing strategy and some techniques including Friends of the Library, publications, programmes of events, the media and effective presentation of stock. Hampshire County Library′s "Hantsline" provides an excellent example of an overall approach to marketing.


Sugarcane is grown in India in about 5.0 million hectares, and one fourth of the acreage is affected by salinity and alkalinity. Long term salinity effects were studied in tolerant and sensitive genotypes of sugarcane in order to understand the mechanism of salinity tolerance. Water and osmotic potentials were distinctly different between tolerant and sensitive genotypes during grand growth phase (150-240 DAP). Failure of osmotic adjustment (with only marginal increase in osmotic potential in saline condition) coupled with reduced photosynthetic rate resulted in poor dry matter production in sensitive genotypes viz., Co 97010, Co 95007 and Co 97009. On the contrary, the tolerant genotypes exhibited better osmotic adjustment, minimal reduction of photosynthesis and less reduction in biomass production. The long term maintenance of water status, osmotic adjustment, maintenance of high photosynthetic rate and biomass production are essential features for a sugarcane genotype to perform as tolerant type. Further, lower lipid peroxidation and higher membrane stability, are related to the levels of activity of antioxidant enzymes particularly POX and APX both through either induction of new isoforms or / and enhanced activities, provide protection under saline conditions in tolerant genotypes. Cane length, girth and number of internodes showed reduction due to salt treatment, which ultimately reduced the cane weight and yield. Cane yield reduction was from S. Vasantha and R. Gomathi Division of Crop Production Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore-641007, Tamil Nadu, India email : email@example.com 20% in tolerant types viz., Co 99004, Co 85019, Co 94012 and Co 86032 to 45% in sensitive genotypes. Well pronounced differences in jaggery quality as indicated by net rendement value and colour were observed among the tolerant genotypes. Under high soil salinity, the tolerant genotypes Co 85019, Co 94008 and Co 97008 produced jaggery with poor grade, colour and taste since the juice quality characters were affected. The genotypes Co 94012 and Co 99004 produced good quality jaggery even under salinity as sodium and chloride content increased only marginally while cane yield and juice quality were not affected. The studies indicated that salinity tolerance in sugarcane involves improved osmoregulation, ROS enzyme activities as well as less reduction in photosynthesis, biomass production, cane yield and sucrose % juice. However, jaggery characteristics differ widely even among the tolerant types. Wherever juice Na and Cl content is less the jaggery qualities are maintained, while higher Na and Cl content produced poor quality jaggery.


Double pylorus is a gastrointestinal abnormality in which a second channel connects the antrum of stomach to the duodenal bulb, and appears to be an acquired lesion in the majority of cases reported. Herein, we present a case of double pylorus. The patient was a 58-year-old male who was admitted with complaints of tarry stool passage. Panendoscopic study disclosed a protruding mass with an A2 ulcer at prepyloric antrum and submucosal tumor had to be ruled out initially. Tissue biopsy showed merely chronic gastritis. The next follow-up panendoscopy after one-month treatment with H2-blocker simply revealed superficial gastritis. By the 4th to 8th endoscopy during the following four years, a second hole in lesser curvature side of antrum was persistently found. We present this case of evolving double pylorus with a series of panendoscopic studies and barium meal study of UGI series.


The physicochemical, microbiological and heavy metal studies of water samples obtained from Mbiaso River and Enang Stream were investigated. Water samples were collected from two locations with two sampling points from each location along the course of the water body based on their use by the community and analysed using standard procedures. The results obtained were compared with WHO standards for drinking and recreational water. Aside titratable acidity, titratable alkalinity and BOD, all other physicochemical parameters were within the permissible standards. All the heavy metals concentrations were above the permissible limits except for Lead (Pb) that ranged between 0.01mg/l to 0.05 mg/l for all the sampling points. All the water samples were found to harbor coliforms organisms in numbers greater than the required WHO standards for water except for Enang river that lacked the presence of Vibrio spp. The total viable counts for all the water samples were generally high exceeding the standard limit of 1.0 x 10 cfu/ml for water. The total heterotrophic bacteria count, total coliform count, faecal coliform count and total fungal Original Research Article Ekanem et al.; JAMB, 21(6): 18-27, 2021; Article no.JAMB.70006 19 count ranged between 1.9x10 52x10 cfu/ml, 2.3x10 -38 x10 cfu/ml, 1.7x10 30x10 cfu/ml and 2.5x10 4 5.3x10 4 cfu/ml respectively. The total salmonella-shigella counts and total staphylococcus counts were in the range of 0.2 x10 2 -0.4 x10 2 cfu/ml and 0.3 x10 2 -0.6 x10 4 cfu/ml respectively. From the study, it is suggested that some regulations measures be put in place to control pollution of the water while the water be properly treated before use for domestic, potable or recreational purposes.


Racism is a concept that has been all but ignored in the literature on racial and ethnic demography. This is in spite of the fact that racism has become increasingly salient in the context of the dramatic increase in racial and ethnic diversity in the United States. This paper formerly introduces racism into the lexicon of demography. Specifically, there are three objectives of this paper: 1) to critique the manner in which racism has been addressed in the area of racial and ethnic demography; 2) to provide a theoretical framework to facilitate the use of racism as a variable of demographic analysis--the population and structural change thesis; and 3) to provide examples as to how studies in racial and ethnic demography can be enhanced by the inclusion of racism as a variable of explanation. The paper concludes with a call for further research on the role that racism plays in racial and ethnic demography.


Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum is a high disorder characterized by ongoing severe nausea and vomiting affects 0.3–3% of women during pregnancy. Hyperemesis gravidarum badly affected the general health condition of pregnant women. Aim of study: Was to assess knowledge and practices of pregnant women regarding hyperemesis gravidarum. Study design: A descriptive study was utilized to conduct this study. Setting: This study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecological inpatient department and outpatient clinic at Benha University hospital. Sample: A purposive sample was used 50 pregnant women suffer from hyperemesis gravidaurm were admitted to the previous setting for eight months. Tools of data collection: Data were collected by using one tool: A structuredinterviewing questionnaire sheet which consisted of three parts, part I: Socio-demographic data, part II: Knowledge assessment sheet and part III: Maternal health practices questionnaire. Results: There was less than two-thirds of the studied women had poor knowledge regarding hyperemesis gravidarum; while less than one-third of them had good knowledge. Regarding to healthy practices of mothers, less than three-quarters of mothers had unsatisfactory healthy practices and less than one-third of them had satisfactory healthy practices regarding hyperemesis gravidaurm. Conclusion: There was a highly positive statistical correlation between total knowledge and total practices regarding hyperemesis gravidaurm. Recommendations: Designing, implementing and distributing guidelines for hyperemesis gravidarum through antenatal clinic during initial visit of the pregnant women.


Microarray analysis has become a key experimental tool in the study of genome‐wide patterns of gene expression. The labeling step of target molecules such as cDNA or cRNA plays a key role in a microarray experiment because the amount of mRNA is measured indirectly by the labeled molecules. In this paper, the most widely used cDNA labeling strategies in microarray experiments are reviewed in detail, including direct labeling and indirect labeling methods along with a discussion of the merits and disadvantages of these methods. Furthermore, various RNA amplification approaches were surveyed to obtain a target nucleic acid sufficient for microarray experiments from minute amounts of mRNA. Finally, the labeling strategies of commonly used microarray platforms (e.g., Affymetrix GeneChip®, CodeLink™ Bioarray, Agilent and spotted microarrays) were compared.


Yaosheng Zhang Zhongjing's Dioscorea Pill has been applied to skin diseases, respiratory diseases, immune systems, tumors and other diseases in clinic. In the past decade, the research on dioscorea pills has been widely conducted based on the development of modern Chinese medicine, and thus yield many significant outputs. For example, some research showed positive results regarding the application of yam pills in clinical pracices on diseases of many different systems, such as skin diseases, respiratory system, immune system and tumors. By contrast, others showed that dioscorea pills do not play a role in controlling disease progression and relieving symptoms when treating certain diseases.


Abstract The new quaternary compound Hg 2 SnS 2 Br 2 was prepared by the reaction of HgS with SnBr 2 . It crystallizes in the space group C 5 2 h - P 2 1 / n of the monoclinic system with four formula units in the cell and lattice parameters of a = 935.6(1), b = 802.8(1), c = 1063.0(2) pm and β = 103.06(1)°. The structure consists of [Hg–S–] helices arranged in a tetragonal rod packing which are separated by Sn 2 Br 4 -units. Both structural features appear in the structures of the pure components, too. The intercalation of SnBr 2 in HgS (cinnabar-type) may be compared with that of Br 2 in CsF.


In this paper, economic dispatch solutions using evolutionary programming has been presented with the presence of independent power producers (IPPs). The performance of the proposed algorithm has been tested for synthetic IEEE-30 bus system having both smooth and non-smooth generator cost characteristics with both bilateral and multilateral transactions. It has also been observed that the proposed algorithm can be applied to larger systems and do not suffer with mathematical complexity.


A system and method that facilitates controlling transmission / reception time slots is described in a wireless multi-hop ad-hoc network. The access terminal or node, such as access point may select the identifier corresponding to the particular time slot that the node having a specific identifier, which may transmit and / or receive. Nodes one hop away from each other may ensure that by selecting a different identifier, the neighboring node not to transmit and / or receive during the same time slot. In this way, it is also the interference caused and / or experienced decreased by a given node. The mesh network, transmitting and receiving control, multi-hop, the channel state, an identifier, indicator, the time slot


Scientific meetings of doctors of the State Institute for Advanced Medical Studies named after V.I. Lenin in Kazan.120th meeting 8 April 1930Dr. Ya.D. Pechnikov. Allergy in the gonorrhea clinic. Long-term observation of the development of gonorrhoid processes in conditions of coexistence in the body of a patient with syphilis, tuberculosis and malaria led the speaker to the following conclusions.


One of the most important aspects in contemporary alliance and coalition communication is to ensure an adequate level of security for data and voice transmission. Continuous technological development is a factor that significantly hinders the development of the coalition standard aimed at protecting real-time data transmission (audio and video) in a reliable and safe way. For a long period of time, the coalition nations encountered problems connected with establishing a correct transmission between national systems. In order to achieve interoperability of communication systems, the United States government has made available and presented the standard FNBDT (Future Narrowband Digital Terminal) which in the course of time took the name SCIP (Secure Communication Interoperability Protocol). This protocol is being developed to this day by working groups consisting of representatives of scientific institutions and companies from the armed industry of NATO countries. Thanks to international cooperation the Protocol was adopted as standard STANAG 5068. It allows the use of cryptographic mechanisms to block the transmission of voice and data in a standardized way, ensuring interoperability of existing and newly formed allied and coalition communication systems for voice transmission. The SCIP protocol is based on two speech codecs: MELPe and G.729D. The article will discuss the current work carried out in NATO working groups on the definition of the COMSEC function and the way it is implemented in broadband radio stations to develop a broadband waveform for coalition activities. Also, the national waveform to secure communication in the broadband radio station will be presented. In the next chapter there will be the presentation of selected experimental results of broadband radio R-450C with the above-mentioned implemented mechanisms to protect voice communication. The obtained results will allow to evaluate the implemented mechanisms in terms of security. The developed analysis and obtained measurement results may be helpful both for people organizing radio communication using broadband radios as well as for those responsible for the proper operation of electronic warfare systems.


Abstract : The 2010 National Security Strategy directs the Defense Department to enhance relationships with old allies and create new partnerships with other countries seeking to defeat Al Qaeda. The Department of Defense uses nation and region-specific security cooperation programs to promote stability, prepare for coalition operations, exchange information and intelligence, and ensure strategic access when needed. Air Force Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance Remotely Piloted Aircraft systems have the ability to enhance all of the outcomes desired by security cooperation programs, but are currently restricted by the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), network security concerns and the lack of global operating standards. Reevaluating MTCR restrictions, improving network security, and standardizing global procedures and regulations will enhance security cooperation programs and improve overall national defense.


The rate of degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to methyl methacrylate (MMA) was investigated in the liquid phase with toluene as the solvent. The degradation experiments were carried out in a tubular flow reactor at 1000 psig (6.8 MPa) and at four different temperatures (200, 225, 275, and 300 °C). The polymer concentration was varied from 1 to 4 g/L. A discrete model for the first-order rate of polymer degradation was derived and compared to the continuous kinetics approach. Both models lead to the same expression for monomer concentration increasing linearly with time. Rate constants were evaluated using the moments of the molecular weight distributions of the reacted and unreacted polymer. The rate was first order in polymer concentration, and the activation energy was 8.4 kcal/mol (34 kJ/mol). This activation energy suggests that the rate controlling step for the thermal degradation of PMMA is the depropagation process.


My career in geography has been the product of my own geography. I would not have done what I have done were I not a Southerner, and I am intensely proud of my heritage. I began teaching at the University of Georgia at a time when the most exciting research questions of the day were rural. What was going to take the place of cotton? How do agricultural regions originate, mature, and die? I have sought answers in the rural landscape, coordinated with census data, in an iterative process that has combined fieldwork with mapping census data. When I left Georgia I was disquieted by the negative perceptions of Southerners in other parts ofthe nation, and I turned to regional geography as the best way ofhelping our fellow citizens to understand and to appreciate the nation and the world we live in. My career in geography has been informed by the inseparably intertwined themes of regional geography and the rural landscape, and both are deeply rooted in my Georgia experience. The most important and enduring responsibility of the President of the AAG is to present a presidential address. Between 1955 and 1966 our annual presidential address was presented by an appointed Honorary President rather than by the elected President. We were treated to some thoughtful and stimulating addresses that we otherwise would not have had, but nonetheless I felt deprived of the wisdom and insights we would have received from the likes ofJoe Russell, Louis Quam, Clarence Jones, Chauncy Harris, Lester Klimm, Paul Siple, Jan Broek, Gilbert White, Arch Gerlach, Arthur Robinson, and Ed Espenshade. When I was appointed Editor of the Annals I contacted each of these friends and invited each one to contribute the presidential address that he might have delivered. I was disappointed that none ofthem was able to do so, despite the interest that some of them expressed. Chauncy Harris in particular made an indelible impression on me by his comment that he might have written about the geography of geographers. I suspect that most of us are strongly influenced by our geography, and I know that my own career in geography has been a product ofmy own geography.


We derive an equation of motion for the concurrence of 2 qubits that evolve under a general time independent Hamiltonian. This equation is used to determine the type of Hamiltonians that can generate entanglement.


By describing Germanicus' actions, Tacitus stresses some characteristics of the Principate. Thus he shows the centrality of the princeps in political life, the accumulation of powers in his hands and the political importance of the dynasty, which is a source of rivalries and tensions. Moreover, his use of rumors and his frequent allusions to the contradictions of his sources reflect the difficulties of writing history under a regime which favors secrecy.


This descriptive case study examined the meanings public elementary school teachers (N = 13) made of learning to enact citizen science projects in their schoolyards in partnership with a local Arboretum. Utilizing Engestrom's (2001) framework of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT), the Arboretum's outreach program for area Title 1 schools was viewed as an activity system composed of and acting in partnership with the teachers. The major finding was that teachers designed and mastered new ways of teaching (expansive learning) and transformed their citizen science activity to facilitate student engagement and learning. I highlight four important themes in teachers' expansive learning: (a) discussion, (b) inclusion, (c) integration, and (d) collaboration. Teacher learning communities formed when colleagues shared responsibilities, formed mentor/mentee relationships, and included student teachers and interns in the activity. This program could serve as a model for elementary school citizen science education, as well as a model for professional development for teachers to learn to teach science and Environmental Education outdoors.


Compartment syndrome is a common and severe medical condition that can lead to ischemia and ultimately tissue loss. Fasciotomy is the most effective treatment for patients with compartment syndrome. However, closing the fasciotomy wound often presents a problem because of edema and skin retraction. As a result, numerous techniques have been devised to optimize wound closure. Each technique achieves closure differently and has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this review of the literature from 1990 to 2012, common techniques will be discussed along with their important findings pertaining to wound closure. A decision-making algorithm has been devised to assist in the appropriate selection of technique to optimize fasciotomy wound closure.


Prior to the birth of baby Archie to the Duchess of Sussex Meghan and her husband Prince Harry, there was much media speculation that they were opting for a home birth instead of a hospital one. Whether that, in fact, was ever up for serious discussion is unknown. As news is slowly being disclosed about the circumstances surrounding his delivery, the latest revelation released today puts those rumors to rest. Alas, childbirth occurred at a private hospital [2] in London.


Seagrasses are marine angiosperms that potentially provide habitat for crabs, shrimps and fish. However, these types of data are lacking for the seagrass species (Zostera muelleri/rimurēhia) that inhabit intertidal estuaries on the South Island of New Zealand. Abundances of crabs, shrimps and fish were therefore quantified from 361 non-destructive seine tows done in seagrass beds and bare mudflats in Duvauchelle bay and two sites in the Avon-Heathcote/Ihutai estuary between October 2019 and February 2020. A total of 2549 crabs, 5824 shrimps and 1149 fish (75% were juvenile flounders) were identified and counted in the seine-net and immediately released back in healthy condition to the exact location from where they were caught. Only few seagrass leaves were caught in the net and these leaves may have been previously uprooted drift fragments. The instant catch-and-release methodology therefore leaves, literally, nothing but a footprint. More fish taxa, including two species of pipefish, were found in seagrass beds in Duvauchelle bay than in the Avon-Heathcote estuary. Fish (minus juvenile flounders) were also more abundant in these seagrass beds. Furthermore, juvenile flounders and shrimps were more abundant in Duvauchelle bay compared to the Avon-Heathcote estuary, but were found in similar abundances in seagrass beds and on bare flats. It is possible that more fish were found in Duvauchelle seagrass beds because these beds have adjacent deeper areas, and may have high connectivity to seagrass beds in nearby bays. This hypothesis should be tested by sampling more seagrass beds in different types of estuaries and bays. By contrast, crabs were more abundant in the Avon-Heathcote estuary, where spider crabs were most abundant in the seagrass beds, but other crabs were found in similar abundances in seagrass beds and bare habitat. We hypothesize that crab abundances were higher in the Avon-Heathcote estuary because of lower fish predation pressure and/or larger populations of prey like mollusc and polychaetes. Our results suggests that (a) superficially similar Zostera beds in relatively close proximity can provide very different habitat values for fish and crustaceans, (b) seagrass beds with higher diversity and abundances of fish may be prioritized in conservation and management (assuming other important ecosystem functions are similar between beds), and (c) that pipefish may be useful indicator organisms, representing healthy, extensive, dense and connected seagrass beds.


An automatic method is proposed for reconstructing a 3D volumic representation of complex objects and scenes. Input data have associated colors, but may be sparse and heterogeneous, and do not need to be organized in any special way. The method is based on Voronoi diagrams and produces volumes. As to illustrate the power of the method, we present experimental results on geological data and medical tomographic images. This extends to three dimensions the reconstruction method we have proposed for the two-dimensional case (see BN96). The details about a real case study in geology modeling have been worked out in NCG + .


The article is devoted to the problems of finding ways to improve the mechanisms of implementation of state policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere. The purpose of this article is to identify areas for improvement of mechanisms for implementing public policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere, taking into account the needs of their unification within a single approach to the organization of social processes in the analyzed area. Achieving this goal has provided solutions to more practical problems: the development of goals, objectives, areas of state policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere, as well as organizational and legal support for its implementation. All this together will allow to introduce quite detailed algorithms and tools for managing the socio-humanitarian development of Ukraine and to quickly and effectively overcome the negative risks that arise in it. The content, essence and state-legal nature of mechanisms of public administration, as a set of ways and tools of practical realization of state policy are revealed. The analysis of modern approaches to understanding the essence of mechanisms of public administration is carried out. The author's definition of the mechanism of public administration in the socio-humanitarian sphere is offered. The content and essence of state policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere are revealed. The conclusion concerning the basic determinants and features of its development is made. Approaches to the formation of mechanisms for the implementation of state policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere are generalized. The need to further unify approaches to the implementation of such public policy in different sectors of the socio-humanitarian sphere has been proved. The main directions of improvement of mechanisms of its realization are allocated. The mechanism of state policy implementation in the socio-humanitarian sphere is defined as a set of nonlinear sets of tools and methods of state influence, which is implemented through appropriate management decisions (a set of measures as components of state policy) to develop the rights and interests of citizens and practical implementation. guarantees of the state in the fields of education, health care, social security, as well as others covered by the humanitarian mission of the state and able to influence the formation of productive forces, human, intellectual and social capital in society.


The German reform on taxation 2008 introduced a restriction of the deductibility of interest expenses to a ceiling of 30% of the EBITDA. This paper shows that the plain probability of reaching this ceiling depresses the value of the tax shield by an option that has a path dependent and recursive nature. The problem is solved in two ways. First the value of the tax shield is calculated by simulation under consideration of the recursive interest carry-forward (Zinsvortrag). Second a model is developed where the problem is treated as a spread option and an analytic formula is derived.


With recent development of powerful computers, molecular dynamics has recently attracted many researchers because of its simplicity and availability for describing various phenomena, of nature. Unlike classical molecular dynamics that requires formidable computing power such as super computer, by using a. new technique, quasimolecular modelling technique, now it is possible to simulate the fracture process qualitatively on small size computers even on workstations. In this paper. the fracture process of copper cylindrical chamber after explosion is simulated.


Dermal wound repair involves complex interactions between cells, cytokines and mechanics to close injuries to the skin. In particular, we investigate the contribution of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, TGFβ, collagen and local tissue mechanics to wound repair in the human dermis. We develop a morphoelastic model where a realistic representation of tissue mechanics is key, and a fibrocontractive model that involves a reasonable approximation to the true kinetics of the important bioactive species. We use each of these descriptions to elucidate the mechanisms that generate pathologies such as hypertrophic scars, contractures and keloids.

We find that for hypertrophic scar and contracture development, factors regulating the myofibroblast phenotype are critical, with heightened myofibroblast activation, reduced myofibroblast apoptosis or prolonged inflammation all predicted as mediators for scar hypertrophy and contractures. Prevention of these pathologies is predicted when myofibroblast apoptosis is induced, myofibroblast activation is blocked or TGFβ is neutralised.

To investigate keloid invasion, we develop a caricature representation of the fibrocontractive model and find that TGFβ spread is the driving factor behind keloid growth. Blocking activation of TGFβ is found to cause keloid regression. Thus, we recommend myofibroblasts and TGFβ as targets for clinicians when developing intervention strategies for prevention and cure of fibrotic scars.


THE BOSS and his urban machine are two institutions that have long interested even the most casual observer of the American political scene. They first attracted the attention and ire of Americans by their corrupt practices and their close ties with the immigrant community. More recently, these two institutions have intrigued a generation of scholars by their longevity, their participation in political reform and social welfare movements, and their political ingenuity. In all their varied aspects, the boss and machine have generated a rich variety of literature. The following essay examines the breadth and character of this body of writings as an aid to teachers who would like to introduce a unit on this topic into their classes. The roots of the boss system go far back into our history as a nation, but the full transformation of the machine from a collection of small, disparate groups into a hierarchically structured, formally orMr. COLBURN and Mr. POZZETTA are the co-authors of"Crime and Ethnic Minorities


East Asia and its diasporas are typically depicted in American films as overwhelmingly labyrinthine worlds densely layered with complex enigmatic signs. In Lost in Translation, Homay King argues Hollywood has used the Orient as a form of (what Jean Laplanche calls an) enigmatic signifier: a message that withholds meaning from its recipients whilst signalling itself as a symbol that resists decoding. By considering East Asian imagery in silent, Classical and Independent Hollywood era films alongside Movie Palace architecture, modern art installations and a NASA message sent into space, King shows how the seduction and peril implied by the inscrutable Oriental aesthetic is not limited to cinema. Instead, it formulates a kernel of America's own internal cultural alterity. At times, the book feels somewhat anachronistic, but not on account of King's interrogation of Orientalism in silent classics, film noirs and 1980s neonoirs. Rather, this emerges via a psychoanalytic engagement with filmic texts that discuss Freud-inflected Oedipal structures underpinning cinematic 'subjects.' In the 1980s psychiatrists turned film-scholars Krin and Glen Gabbard observed that if 'psychiatry had not existed, the movies would have had to invent it' (1987, xi). The same undoubtedly holds true of film criticism at this time and its use of psychoanalytic discourse. Armed with Lacanian and Freudian tools, the psychoanalysing of cinema reached its apogee in the late 1970s and 1980s with Screen Theory. Postmodern and poststructuralist film-philosophers embracing cognitive and neurological approaches subsequently challenged linguistic conceptions of the unconscious and queried the validity of transplanting studies of human psychology and subject formation to the abstract machine of cinema. If psychoanalysis no longer exists as an unproblematic approach for modern critics, then, part of the work facing cinematic-psychoanalytic practitioners is how to reinvent it. King attempts this by appropriating the work of Laplanche, who as a psychoanalytic student of Lacan and a philosophical contemporary of Maurice Merleau-Ponty seems to offer a portal through this impasse. King initially provides a rich exegesis on Laplanche's work and ideas, extolling their value for understanding Western texts employing


Tuberculosis remains, according to the WHO report, one of the global problems in the world, especially in the form caused by drug-resistant mycobacteria. The identification of special biochemical markers allowing to assess the necessity of surgery or therapy prolongation remains a challenge. We consider promising markers – metalloproteinases – analyzing statistics of data obtained from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis forced by different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The discussed results could be used for further development of a precise biochemical data-based diagnostic and prognostic tool.


Pericardial agenesis (1) is a congenital developmental disorder of the pleuro–pericardial membranes that is usually asymptomatic. A pericardial cyst (2) is a congenital cyst composed of mesothelial cells originating most often from the right pericardium. Hypoplasia of the posterior mitral leaflet (3) is congenital and it is very rarely diagnosed in adulthood. These alterations are usually sporadic and not associated.

 A 53–year–old woman with obesity and bronchial asthma was referred to the emergency department for left hemiparesis and concomitant dyspnoea in new–onset atrial fibrillation. A right frontal ischemic stroke was diagnosed. During the hospitalization transthoracic echocardiography was performed showing a large prolapsed anterior mitral leaflet (AML) with an eccentric and significant regurgitation. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed. It confirmed the severity of mitral regurgitation, due to a large AML prolapse, but also showed a severely hypoplastic posterior leaflet (PML). Swinging motion was also reported in the absence of pericardial effusion. In the past the patient was surgically treated for an anterior pericardial cyst that was excised. Old CT images were reviewed and showed the absence of pericardial sheets along posterior and lateral left ventricle walls, which were not contiguous to the cyst (that was anterior). The patient was finally candidated to surgery for mitral valve replacement.

 The case report shows a unique case of association between partial pericardial agenesis, pericardial cyst, severe PML hypoplasia with AML prolapse and severe mitral regurgitation. The association of these three anomalies has never been described before. This could indicate a common pathogenetic denominator and therefore the need to look for this combination of structural abnormalities in carriers of even just one of them. Bibliography 1. Lopez D. et al, doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.12.002 2. Khayata M. et al, doi: 10.1007/s11886–019–1153–5 3. Parato VM. et al, doi: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_73_17


A green and efficient visible-light promoted oxidative desulphurisation protocol has been proposed for the construction of unsymmetrical ureas under mild conditions with broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Most appealingly, the reaction can proceed smoothly without adding any strong oxidants. Control experiments and computational studies support a mechanism involving water-assisted in situ generation of thioureas and photocatalytic oxidative desulphurisation. The present method provides a promising synthesis strategy for the formation of diverse and useful unsymmetrical urea derivatives in the fields of pharmaceutical and synthetic chemistry.


Sequence polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop was used to determine the genetic diversity of horses recovered from a Scythian princely tomb dating from the beginning of the 3rd century BC. Eight haplotypes were found among the 13 ancient horse samples tested. Phylogenetical analysis showed that these ancient horse's sequences, along with two Yakut ones, were distributed throughout the tree defined by modern horses' sequences and are closely related to them. No clear geographical affiliation of the specimens studied was thus determined. Our work, among others, supports the very ancient origin of the matrilines in horses.


Rapid advancements in digital technology have had a significant influence on businesses' websites. Companies and organizations that have well-designed websites are attracting customers, generating revenues, and increasing market share. Nevertheless, many companies and organizations that are investing billions of US dollars on websites and page development are not attracting customers or generating revenues, incomes, and profits as expected. Also, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no published studies that have investigated the influence of page view, unique page view, average time on page, entrances, and percent exit on bounce rate. To address these limitations and to improve on prior studies, we conducted our own research and developed a research model as shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. The results from research have practical and research implications. Figure 2: Analysis with path coefficient and R-square This study has implications for strategies that web-based information services firms can employ. Based on the findings from this study, organizations that are using Google Analytics should implement the online strategies that produce the best return visits and session length. For example, new firms such as UpCouncil (sometimes called "Uber for Attorneys") and Realty Shack can maximize the value for its current and potential customers by focusing on their targeted needs and minimizing the bounce rate. Companies that are using Adwords should implement strategies to learn if the Adwords improve the quality of paid/search traffic compared to the unpaid traffic.


15 Combined therapy is a global strategy developed to prevent drug resistance in cancer and infectious 16 diseases. In this field, there is a need of multifunctional drug delivery systems able to co -encapsulate 17 small drug molecules, peptides, proteins, associated to targeting functions, nanoparticles. Silylated 18 hydrogels are alkoxysilane hybrid polymers that can be engaged in a , providing 19 chemical cross linking in physiological conditions, and functionalized biocompatible hybrid 20 materials. 21 prepared by an emulsion templating process, water in oil (W/O), as microreactors where the 24 condensation reaction took place. The ability to functionalize the microgels, so-called FMGs, in a one-pot process, was evaluated by 26 grafting a silylated hydrophilic model drug, fluorescein (Si-Fluor), using the same reaction of 27 condensation. Biphasic microgels (BPMGs) were prepared to evaluate their potential to encapsulate 28 lipophilic model drug (Nile red). They were composed of two separate compartments, one oily phase 29 (sesame oil) trapped in the cross linked Si-HPMC hydrophilic phase. 30 The FMGs and BPMGs were characterized by different microscopic techniques (optic, epi- 31 fluorescence, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy), the 32 mechanical properties were monitored using nano indentation by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), 33 and different preliminary tests were performed to evaluate their chemical and physical stability. 34 Finally, it was demonstrated that it is possible to co-encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic 35 drugs, in silylated microgels, that were physically and chemically stable. They were obtained by 36 chemical cross linking in soft conditions, and without surfactant addition during the emulsification 37 process. The amount of drug loaded was in favor of further biological activity. Mechanical 38 stimulations should be necessary to trigger drug release.


ABSTRACT Social entrepreneurship (SE) combines the aspirations to create financial and social values. However, an SE-career is also considered risky and susceptible to failure. Despite a growing body of research examining the motivation of social entrepreneurs, studies on antecedents of investment risk-taking in SE are rare. The current study aims at crafting and empirically testing a hierarchical model comprising personality and cognitive antecedents of SE investment risk-taking. Using structural equation modeling and a sample of 411 business students, we find several direct effects of cognitive and indirect effects of personality variables. SE-scholars and educators should pay attention to this complex interplay in future studies and SE-courses.


Ubiquitous mobile usage provides more opportunities to interact with more people than ever, but with the constraint that people's capacity for attention to others is limited. People manage demands on their attention by limiting their availability to others, and this may cause failure in attempts to reach others. In today's always-connected world, we know very little about how people manage their own availability, maintain awareness of others, and adapt their strategies for reaching others in the face of failure. This paper draws on results from a qualitative field study to present an integrative, joint action approach to attention management. Results suggest that mobile devices play a large part in assessing ambient awareness of others and signaling availability, but are rarely used in isolation. Attention is a continuum that spans multiple devices and channels involving actions and choices learned over time.


Abstract Objective The present study aims to evaluate the profile of endometrial carcinomas and uterine sarcomas attended in a Brazilian cancer center in the period from 2001 to 2016 and to analyze the impact of time elapsed from symptoms to diagnoses or treatment in cancer stage and survival. Methods This observational study with 1,190 cases evaluated the year of diagnosis, age-group, cancer stage and histological type. A subgroup of 185 women with endometrioid histology attended in the period from 2012 to 2017 was selected to assess information about initial symptoms, diagnostic methods, overall survival, and to evaluate the influence of the time elapsed from symptoms to diagnosis and treatment on staging and survival. The statistics used were descriptive, trend test, and the Kaplan-Meier method, with p-values < 0.05 for significance. Results A total of 1,068 (89.7%) carcinomas (77.2% endometrioid and 22.8% non-endometrioid) and 122 (10.3%) sarcomas were analyzed, with an increasing trend in the period (p < 0.05). Histologies of non-endometrioid carcinomas, G3 endometrioid, and carcinosarcomas constituted 30% of the cases. Non-endometrioid carcinomas and sarcomas were more frequently diagnosed in patients over 70 years of age and those on stage IV (p < 0.05). The endometrioid subgroup with 185 women reported 92% of abnormal uterine bleeding and 43% diagnosis after curettage. The average time elapsed between symptoms to diagnosis was 244 days, and between symptoms to treatment was 376 days, all without association with staging (p = 0.976) and survival (p = 0.160). Only 12% of the patients started treatment up to 60 days after diagnosis. Conclusion The number of uterine carcinoma and sarcoma cases increased over the period of 2001 to 2016. Aggressive histology comprised 30% of the patients and, for endometrioid carcinomas, the time elapsed between symptoms and diagnosis or treatment was long, although without association with staging or survival.


Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging features in patients with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) through a comparative study in patients with ischemic stroke with or without VBD. Methods The patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into either a VBD group or a non-VBD group according to magnetic resonance angiography. The VBD group was further divided into an anterior circulation infarction subgroup and a posterior circulation infarction subgroup. The cardiovascular risk factors, the diameterof basilar artery (BA), bifurcation height, and horizontal displacement were compared in all groups. Results A total of 269 patients with acute cerebral infarction were included, 28 had VBD, accounting for 10. 41% of the patients with acute cerebral infarction during the same period. The proportion of male patients (78.6% vs. 66. 8% ;χ^2 =4. 392, P =0. 036), age (70. 38 ± 10. 58 years vs. 62. 86 ± 12. 20 years; t = 2. 870, P = 0. 009), and the proportion of hypertension (89. 3% vs. 47. 7% ;χ^2 = 17. 367, P = 0. 000) in the VBD group were significantly higher than those in the non-VBD group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the advanced age (odds ratio [OR] 1.248, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1. 137- 1.371; P= 0.000), hyperglycemia (OR 1. 599, 95% CI 1. 181 - 2. 164; P = 0. 002), hypertension (OR 1. 251, 95% CI 1. 020 - 1. 534; P=0. 032) and increased triglyceride level (OR 1. 876, 95% CI 1.021 - 3. 445; P =0. 043) were the independent risk factors for VBD, while female gender (OR 0. 133, 95% CI 0. 024 -0. 735; P =0. 021) was the independent protective factor for VBD. Of the 28 cerebral infarction patients with VBD, 9 had anterior circulation infarction and 19 had posterior circulation infarction. There were significant differences in BA diameter ([5.40 ± 0. 49 ] em vs. [ 6. 00 ± 0. 77 ] cm; t = 2. 046, P - 0. 041 ), and the proportions of high score in bifurcation height χ^2 =6. 768, P =0. 037) and horizontal displacement χ^2 =5. 241, P =0. 042) between the 2 groups (all P 〈0. 05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the BA bifurcation height was an independent risk factor for posterior circulation infarction (OR 1. 347, 95% CI 1. 069 -2. 457; P = 0. 038) in patients with VBD. Conclusions VBD accounted for 10. 41% of the patients with acute cerebral infarction during the same period. Advanced age, hyperglycemia, hypertension and increased triglyceride level were the independent risk factors for VBD. Female gender was the independent protective factors for VBD, and the BA bifm-cation height was an independent risk factor for VBD occurring posterior circulation infarction.

Key words:
Stroke;  Brain Ischemia;  Basilar Artery;  Vertebral Artery;  Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency; Magnetic Resonance Angiography;  Risk Factors


This research, has as its main purpose to have developed a tool of free use available to students, educators and professionals through a software that facilitates the teaching and learning process. This one was programmed with the Visual Basic language (VB), being a tool of effective and high-performance software development technologies from Microsoft. It will be able to perform various analyses of mechanical systems in transmissions, and its purpose allows the user to calculate, understand and compare the analyzes in an effective and orderly way to implement them at convenience. The contributions of the project can be granted mostly to the educational and work environment, being destined to apply engineering in pedagogical and labor sectors. The project is oriented to the needs of knowing characteristics of a mechanical system to implement its optimal functioning through this software. All this is justified from the obtaining of knowledge in the academic trainingand a rigorous investigation of mechanical systems, programming and design, the research considers information coming from professors of the university, web forums and magazines.


This year the Chancellor introduced a quiet Budget, but not a dull one. In macroeconomic terms, the modest tax cuts that the Chancellor introduced represent a slight tightening of the stance of fiscal policy. This was very much in line with our pre-Budget forecast, and was largely dictated by inflation prospects and balance of payments concerns. Our view, both-pre and post-Budget, is that this stance of fiscal policy, together with continued tight monetary policy, will slow domestic demand growth and inflation, and avert a continued deterioration in the balance of payments. The outlook, therefore, is for a soft landing for the UK economy.


Polycations are potent mediators of cellular secretion in a variety of cell systems through interaction with neuropeptide binding sites (e.g., substance P). We tested whether compound 48/80 or other polycations alter surfactant release from Type II cells, 3H-Choline was used to label phosphatidylcholine pools and release of 3H-phosphatidyl-choline (3H-PC) assessed in purified rat Type II cells. 48/80 and polymyxin B (PB) were potent inhibitors of terbutaline-stimulated and basal 3H-PC release IC50 was 1–2μ/ml for 48/80 and 5μg/ml for PB. Control release of 3H-PC was 1.17±3.17% and decreased to −0.23±0.09% in the presence of 48/80 (10μg/ml) or to 0.40±0.09% in presence of PB (5μg/ml, p<0.05 for both agents). Control release of 3H-PC from terbutaline-stimulated cells was 6.45±0.49% decreasing to 2.25±0.61% in the presence of 48/80 (10μg/ml, p<0.001). PB (5μg/ml), also inhibited terbutaline-stimulated 3H-PC release (control=3.32±0.47% and PB=1.67±0.33%, p<0.05). Neither polycation was cytotoxic as judged by lactate dehydrogenase release. This inhibition was readily reversed by washing cells after exposure to either agent. Larger polycations, polyarginine, polyornithine and polylysine had no significant effect on 3H-PC release at concentrations <5μg/ml and were cytotoxic at concentrations >5μg/ml. Inhibition of 3H-PC release by 48/80 and PB appears to be site specific since polylysine, polyarginine and polyornithine did not alter 3H-PC release. These data support existence of a counter-regulatory system mediating surfactant secretion from Type II cells, possibly mediated by neuropeptide binding sites. Supported by American Lung Association, NIH HL 28623 and HD 11725.


The ℏ→0 limit of the quantum dynamics determined by the Hamiltonian H(ℏ) =−(ℏ2/2m)Δ+V on L2(Rn) is studied for a large class of potentials. By convolving with certain Gaussian states, classically determined asymptotic behavior of the quantum evolution of states of compact support is obtained. For initial states of class C10 the error terms are shown to have L2 norms of order ℏ1/2−e for arbitrarily small positive e.


Teaching is the teaching of activity,it is the interaction and mutual development between teachers and students,between students,which is dominated in the course reform of basic education.This paper,on the teaching strategy from the perspective of interaction between teachers and students,presents four views:show the development of educated part,pay attention to the construction of courses implement,enhance embodying the study activity,exhibit the interaction of teaching process.


Under the workpiece gravity and the cutting force of load conditions,the static and modal analysis are made by ANSYS for the spindle of the CT61100 type lathe model is created by the solid92 or solid45.The results show that,by before the testing the machine tool,it is possiable to predict location of maximum stress and deformation.According to the spindle of maximum deformation,determine the adequacy of the stiffness of spindle.Calculate the spindle critical speed with the natural frequency to avoid the resonance region.


Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody specific for epidermal growth factor receptor, is increasingly used off-label and in early-phase trials for pediatric malignancies. Here, we report a patient with metastatic medulloblastoma receiving therapy with cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, and cetuximab. During evaluation for possible seizures, he was noted to be severely hypocalcemic, hypokalemic, and hypomagnesemic, a consequence of the blockade of renal epidermal growth factor receptor expression. His symptoms rapidly abated with intravenous electrolyte repletion. This case highlights the clinical heterogeneity of tetany and the importance of careful laboratory screening for known adverse effects of chemotherapy, particularly when newer biological agents are used off-study in combination chemotherapeutic regimens.


It is indeed refreshing to find an in structor who gives heed to the teachings of another instructor in another subject. This principle, not new, may well rise to a higher level of professional respecta bility. Miss McGlynn, Associate Profes sor of Social Studies, State Teachers Col lege, Salem, Massachusetts, is obviously enjoying her cooperative experience with colleagues on the staff at Salem.


Based on the characteristics of adult English learning,this paper is devoted to analyzing the characteristics of metacognition in English learning.Furthermore,it also suggests come concrete approaches and proposals in training and improving the various aspects of the strategies of metacognition with some related examples according to the various procedures and characters in the course of English learning.In the mean time,the article tries to explore the principles that are worthy of abiding by and considerable aspects in the course of training of the strategies of metacognition.


The performances and parameters matches of the disc brakes directly impact on the vehicle safety. Firstly, using the traditional design theory design a disc brake, espencially the eight main parameters were calculated, such as brake diameter, the disc thickness, brake torque and synchronous attachment coefficient etc. Then the brake 3D model was built in the Pro/E software, and using the Ansys software analysesed the strength and thermal performance of the brake. By the comparing, the design strength and the thermal stress of the disc brake are meeting the requirements. The CAD and CAE analysises are very easy and convenient.


The invention provides an application state maintaining method, device and terminal for use in system switching. The method includes: in a control domain, setting a scheduled task for each application; in case of system switching, executing the scheduled task, corresponding to the application, for the application in a system switched to the background. The device comprises a setting module and an execution module. A scheme of maintaining states of running applications during system switching is provided for users of dual-system or multi-system mobile communication terminals; users are allowed to set the scheduled task for each application; multiple different post-switching application running scheduled tasks are set according to the users' needs; a blocking and restoring method is provided for conflicting applications in two systems; the scheme is simple and feasible.


Problem: Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is the number one diagnosis-related group (DRG) for people 65 years of age and older in the United States. This disease group is complicated and debilitating, requiring frequent hospitalizations with high mortality rates. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) has identified CHF as an area for improvement in hospitals. Context: This was a quality improvement project for an integrated medical center in the Central Valley, California with over 19,000 HF patients. In 2018, for patients 65 years and older, HF is the third-most admitted DRG in the hospital, with an average length of stay of 4.3 days. Interventions: A multifaceted educational model was developed with many interventions: 1) Patient educational handout for HF, 2) Patient teach-back discharge education, 3) RN staff education for HF, 4) RN checklist for HF, 5) HF web page, and 6) Referral workflow of HF patient to the chronic care department for follow-up after discharge. Measures: The aim of the project is to reduce HF 30-day post-discharge re-admission rates from 6.8% to 4% by December 2018, by focusing on the discharge education to the patients and caregivers. Using 2017 as a baseline, with 311 discharges and 21 (6.8%) re-admissions, the goal for 2018 would be 12 re-admissions, a reduction of 8.7 patients. Results: There is consistency by the nursing staff in educating a discharging HF patients. Patients state that the discharge instructions for HF are beneficial. Attendance to the heart failure basic class after patient discharge has improved. Due to time constraints with the project deadlines, the patient re-admission rates have not improved as projected since the implementation of the model. The results are expected to improve over the next few months. KEEP THE BEAT WITH HEART FAILURE EDUCATION 6 Conclusion: There are some important implications for nursing practice from this HF quality improvement project. Nurses require education to give education. Discharge instructions are imperative. Patients need discharge instructions written at a reading level that is easy to understand. Teach-back is a technique in education that improves the patient's comprehension. Checklists provide consistency in nursing practice to ensure all steps are followed in fast-paced hospital discharges. Follow-up for a patient within a short time from discharge is well received by the patient. The educational model design can be transferable for other commonly admitted chronic conditions. Patients being readmitted routinely for HF generally have been in the later stages of the disease process. Few patients are not involved with the palliative care team. Many of the patients and their families have not considered end-of-life decisions, including code status for admissions. The next phase of this project will involve palliative care intervening in the plan of care for the chronic HF/CHF patient. Sustainability is a process and competing priorities make it difficult to achieve improvements as expected in the planned timeline. Quality improvement projects evolve over the process, and new insights are gleaned and can change the focus or aim of the project. KEEP THE BEAT WITH HEART FAILURE EDUCATION 7 Section II: Introduction Heart failure (HF) occurs when the ventricles of the heart cannot adequately pump blood to the body. This is a chronic, progressive disease. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome caused by any functional or structural cardiac disorder that affects the ability of the ventricles to fill with blood or to eject blood (5 Million Lives Campaign, 2008). Eventually, blood and fluids back up into the lungs, abdomen, and lower body. HF takes a significant toll on a patient's ability to perform daily life functions. The estimated prevalence of CHF in the United States is 6 million people (approximately 2% of the population), with 670,000 new cases per year (Sales et al., 2013). CHF is the number one diagnosis-related group (DRG) for people 65 years of age and older in the United States. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) has identified CHF as an area for improvement in hospitals. It is the most expensive DRG, costing $31 billion in 2012, with an average hospital stay for CHF of 6.2 days (Knox & Mischke, 1999). This disease is debilitating and is characterized by high mortality, complex treatment regimen, and frequent hospitalizations. These hospitalizations translate into multiple readmissions. Hospital 30-day re-admission rates for CHF range between 20% and 27% (Boyde et al., 2017). The Affordable Care Act aims to penalize hospitals with high 30-day re-admission rates for CHF, because it is considered a potentially avoidable hospitalization. Patient self-care and adherence improve with increased education, reducing the need for re-admissions. A patient's health literacy is the ability of a person to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to care for themselves. Most health care information is written at a tenth-grade or higher level, even though 80% of adults read at an eighthor ninth-grade level. Twenty percent of adults read at a fifth-grade or lower level (Safeer KEEP THE BEAT WITH HEART FAILURE EDUCATION 8 & Keenan, 2005). Limited health literacy, a major determinant of health, affects almost half of American adults, with an estimated cost of $73 billion annually (Institute of Medicine, as cited by Griffey et al., 2015). Limited health literacy is a contributing factor in HF re-admissions. Generally, patients consistently re-admitted for HF have a poor prognosis. Patients admitted within 30 days post-discharge are considered high-risk patients. There is improved health and quality of life for HF patients who understand the discharge instructions. Patient compliance improves when the patient comprehends the health information given. Hospital discharge is a crucial time for a patient. Patients must follow medical instructions, and it is essential that they receive concise medication review at discharge. Scheduling the follow-up appointment at the time of discharge and stressing the importance of follow-up should be included in the discharge plan. There is improved patient satisfaction when patients and their families feel they have received adequate information to care for their disease at the time of their discharge from the hospital. Comprehensive discharge planning and instruction would reduce re-admission rates and increase patient satisfaction (Hsieh & Kagle, 1991). Re-hospitalizations are costly to both the patient and the hospital. In evaluating readmissions, there is often a gap in follow-up care, such as lack of discharge instructions or lack of coordination of care after discharge (Jencks, Williams, & Coleman, 2009). Heart failure has an estimated 5-year mortality rate of 50% (Chaudhry & Stewart, 2017), so finding ways to reduce re-admissions will improve the quality of life for the patient. Clinical factors that can be followed to predict 30-day re-admission are the New York Heart Association functional class, BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, and abnormal KEEP THE BEAT WITH HEART FAILURE EDUCATION 9 troponin levels (Huynh et al., 2015). Implementing a multi-disciplinary approach to treating, teaching, and supporting the HF patient can be beneficial to improve quality of life.


Organizations have a responsibility to ensure the safety of staff who provide care in the community. In a survey conducted within a regional health authority in Newfoundland, health care providers reported feeling unsafe while conducting home visits. Safety initiatives were explored, and a safety program was implemented within this region to address safety concerns. The safety program includes three key components: a risk assessment screening tool, a sign-in/sign-out system, and a buddy system. This article describes the evaluation process and outcomes of these three components. The evaluation process and outcomes may be useful to other health care organizations interested in promoting workplace safety.


This is an important and innovative book because it gives the analysis of violence, past and present, an important place in the sociology of India. It is also a strong, if mostly implicit, critique of Dumont's theory of cast, in which violence has no significant place. Trained as an anthropologist, the author distances himself from the accepted concepts in Indian sociology, and offers a different view of society in India.


Network is connecting to the rest of the world through the internet. In interconnected system servers are under threads from network attackers. The Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack is the most common attack, which cause serious impact on these computing systems. DoS attack reduce the efficiency of server, in order to increase the efficiency of the server it is necessary to detect the DoS attacks. This paper presents survey of intrusion detection techniques that were proposed by various researchers. There are various techniques that were proposed but the problem of false positive rate still present. It is necessary that detection rate must be high and false positive rate is small enough that alarm from intrusion detection system can be trusted.


Abstract Palaeocope ostracode faunas in the Siluro-Devonian sequence of Gotland and the submarine Hoburg Bank area enable detailed correlations with ostracode faunas in other areas around the Baltic to be made, and at several levels the faunas extend into areas where graptolite datings are possible. The late Leintwardinian–early Downtonian interval can be correlated with the British sequence, and the Whitcliffian–late pre-Gedinnian interval with sequences in Nova Scotia and Maine. The Silurian of Gotland starts with an almost entirely submarine Llandoverian sequence of unknown completeness, ranging from low Llandoverian Beds with Stricklandia lens into the zone of Oktavites spiralis, partly above sea-level. The supramarine sequence extends some distance into the Whiteliffian, and the younger submarine sequence in the Central Baltic comprises Whiteliffian and Downtonian rocks. The youngest fauna treated is found in the Beyrichienkalk, with equivalents in the Kaugatuma-Ohesaare Beds of Osel, in cores from t...


The invention particularly discloses an organic fertilizer produced by water hyacinth fermentation and method, belonging to the technical field of organic fertilizer. Water hyacinth plants serve as the major ingredient, and turf, livestock manure, mushroom residue and quick lime are properly added after the major ingredient is subjected to drying processing and moist processing to carry out compost aerobic fermentation. The method comprises the working procedures of pretreatment, aerobic fermentation, curing, smashing, screening and the like. In the organic fertilizer, azotogen, pyraloxime methiodide fungicide, potassium decomposing fungicide, antagonism disease-prevention fungicide, cellulose decomposing fungicide and the like are properly added according to the requirement of a product.Thus, the organic fertilizer turns a disadvantage into an advantage, changes waste material into things of value, and obtains the virtuous circle effect on environmental protection and comprehensive development of energy and fertilizer. The product belongs to the organic solid fertilizer, has abundant and complete nutrition ingredients required by plants, and has the characteristics of wide application, no public hazard, long-lasting fertilizer effect, long quality guarantee period and the like. The product has wide application range and can be used for various crops, fruit trees, flowers andthe like.


Mortality risk is very high in the dialysis population and the Charlson Comorbidities Index (CCI) is considered as an useful risk stratification tool in these patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of CCI for predicting mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and to compare the prognostic power of CCI with that of a risk prediction model jointly including a clinical score of malnutrition and the NYHA classes.

 We analyzed this problem in a series of 66 consecutive PD patients on follow-up in our unit. Their mean age was 69±14 years, 64% were male, 36% were diabetic. The median dialysis vintage was 39 months (Interquartile range 23-67 months).

 During follow-up period, 37 patients died. On univariate Cox regression analysis, CCI largely failed to predict mortality [Hazard ratio (HR): 1.08, 95% CI: 0.94-1.24, P=0.30) and this relationship did not improve (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.79-1.08, P=0.32) also after data adjustment for malnutrition and NYHA classes. In the same model, malnutrition (HR: 1.98, 95% CI 1.20-3.27, P=0.007) and NYHA classes (HR: 3.15, 95% CI 1.67-5.94, P<0.001) were strongly and significantly related to the risk of death. Of note, the prognostic accuracy of the model based on malnutrition and NYHA classes (ROC curve area: 74%) was higher than that provided by CCI alone (ROC curve area: 54%) and did not materially differ from that of an expanded model including CCI, malnutrition and NYHA classes (ROC curve area: 78%)

 In this study, CCI did not predict survival in PD patients whereas malnutrition and NYHA score displayed a relevant prognostic accuracy for death in the same patient-population. These results generate the hypothesis, to be confirmed in a larger PD population, that CCI solely for risk stratification is unwarranted in PD patients.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical differences of Brnemark implants with two different surface modification,4-10 years after occlusally loaded.Methods: From September 1998 to December 2003,57 patients accepted a total of 146 Brnemark osseointegration implants insertion,Patients were divided into two groups.In smooth group there were 68 mechanical surface implants,in TiUnite Group 78 implants.All successful osseointegrated implants had been completed restoration before August 2004.Average follow-up duration was 84.5 months (57-125 months).X ray and clinical examination results were recorded,and data were analized statistically.Results: 6 (smooth group has 5) implants losed before loading and the remaining 140 implants did not loose.The mean peri-implant bone resorption,PLI,and SBI of Smooth group / TiUnite group were 1.1±0.6/1.2±0.4 (mm),0.58 ± 0.40/0.49 ± 0.62,1.11 ± 0.57/1.13 ± 0.58,no significant difference were found betweeen the two groups.During the observation period,the retention rate of smooth group / TiUnite group was 87.5% / 95.7%.Conclusion: After occlusally loaded 4-10 years,the retention rates of smooth surface and TiUnite surface Brnemark implants were 87.5% and 95.7%.The difference may not be the result of implant surface modification,for 。 there is no statistically significance between the two groups at bone resorption,plaque index,and sulcus bleeding index.


Objective: Primary headaches are common and benign discomforts both in children and adolescents. However, they have a negative influence on the quality of life. This retrospective study aimed to determine the relationship between vitamin B12 results and primary headaches in Turkish children. Methods: Demographical features, headache types, laboratory results, including vitamin B12, were assessed retrospectively. Headache types were categorized as tension-type headache, migraine, and unclassified headache according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-beta version (ICD-3 beta). Patients with seconder headaches, anemia, and macrocytosis were excluded. Results: The study group consisted of 133 (86 female, 47 male) patients with headache and a control group of 103 (57 female, 46 male) healthy children. There was no significant difference in terms of age and gender between groups (p>0.05). Vitamin B₁₂ levels in tension-type headache, migraine, and unclassified headache groups were significantly lower (p<0.0001) than in the control group. Logistic regression has identified lower vitamin B12 levels than 400 pg/ml as an independent risk factor for headache (OR: 3.212, 95% CI: 1.850-5.576). Conclusion: We conclude that lower vitamin B12 levels than 400 pg/mL may be associated with tension-type headache, migraine, and unclassified headache.


The Advanced Automation System is a system being developed to replace and advance the Federal Aviation Administration's existing Air Traffic Control automated systems. The combining of a large complex design (several million lines of code) with a very high availability requirement has led to significant investments in the ways and means for software based fault injection. We propose to share our experience as summarized below.


A survey of the oblique-banded leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris, 1841)) was carried out from 2002 to 2004 using sticky traps baited with the respective synthetic sex pheromone blend. The traps were deployed in 128 localities throughout Lithuania: in orchards, botanical gardens, nurseries, town parks with non-native broadleaved trees. No specimens of C. rosaceana were found, but a total of 139 other moth species were trapped and identified. Aphelia (Zelotherses) paleana (Hubner, 1793), Yponomeuta cagnagella (Hubner, 1813), Y. evonymella (Linnaeus, 1758), Archips rosana (Linnaeus, 1758) were the most frequently detected species. Other species of trapped moths provided new information on the Lithuanian fauna. Three species, i. e. Bucculatrix humiliella Herrich-Schaffer, 1855, Coleophora saxicolella (Duponchel, 1843) and Epermenia (Calotripis) insecurella (Stainton, 1854), caught in three localities, were recognized as new records for the Lithuanian fauna. Fifteen newly recorded localities have ext...


Objective To compare and analyze the biochemical detection results of separated sera with the separation gel coagulation promoting tubes and the drying tubes.Methods Venous blood samples was collected from identical blood donors and randomly poured into the separation gel vacuum collective tubes(test group)and traditional drying collective tubes(control group).After serum separation,timely biochemical detection was performed.The detection results were compared and analyzed.The samples of test group were detected once again after storage for 24 h at 4 ℃.The results were compared with those of timely biochemical detection with separation gel separated sera.Results The results from the test group and those from the control group had no significant difference.The most results from the sera storaging for 24 h at 4 ℃ and those from the fresh serum of the test group had good correspondence.Only a few of biochemical indicators had significant difference.Conclusion The biochemical detection with sera obtained by separation gel tubes and those collected by drying tubes has good correspondence.The separation gel tubes provide the clinical laboratory optimal blood samples and more accurate results.


L-aspartate α-decarboxylase(PanD) is an enzyme catalyzing α-decarboxylation of L-Aspartate to β-Alanine.The PanD gene of Escherichia coli DH5α,encoding the L-aspartate α-decarboxylase,was amplified by PCR and cloned into the expression plasmid pET28c(+).The recombinant plasmid was then transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α and screened on the resistant plate with 50 μg/mL kanamycin.After the verification by restriction endonuclease assay and sequence analysis,the recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3).L-aspartate α-decarboxylase could be efficiently expressed in engineered strain E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28c(+)-panD by lactose induction and it had a His-tag at its C-terminus.Recombinant enzyme producing condition such as lactose concentration,induction time,induction temperature,induction cell age and pH value were studied.The optimal conditions for producing PanD were as follows: incubation at 30 ℃,12 g/L lactose induction after culture for 3.5 h,incubation time was 20 h,and the optimum initial induction pH value of LB media was 5.5.Under these condition,the recombination PanD activity was 186 U.


The research was conducted to determine the effects of IBA concentration on the growth of pineapple seedlings sprout from crown cutting on each type of growing media. The treatment was arranged in factorial (5x2) in randomized block design with three replications. The first factor is the concentration of IBA (A), which consists of: without IBA (A0), IBA 100 ppm (A1), IBA 200 ppm (A2), IBA 400 ppm (A3), and IBA 600 ppm (A4). The second factor is the type of planting medium (B), which consists of river sand (B1) and volcanic sand (B2). The results showed that the concentration of IBA 600 ppm treatment effect on seedling growth shown by the increasing number of roots produced. Treatment planting medium used had no effect on all observed variables. IBA concentration on root wet weight depending on the type of planting medium used.


Usually the metal nanoparticles are obtained by different chemical reactions that are not environmentally friendly. This paper describes the synthesis of two polyelectrolytes with sulfonate groups in ortho-position and in ortho- and para-positions, which were obtained by chemical modification of chitosan. They were used in the green synthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles by colloidal method in aqueous solution. Polyelectrolytes were used as reducing agents of Au3+ and Ag+ ions and as stabilizing agents of Ag and Au nanoparticles. The hydroxyl and imine groups in the polyelectrolytes are reducing agents of Au3+ and Ag+ ions while the sulfonate groups and the polymer backbone stabilized Au and Ag nanoparticles. Polyelectrolyte 1, which has sulfonate group in ortho-position, favors the obtaining of anisotropic Au nanoparticles with an average size of 19 nm. While the polyelectrolyte 2, with two sulfonate groups in the ortho- and para-positions, yielded quasi-spherical Au nanoparticles with an average size of 14 nm. In general, Ag nanoparticles stabilized with both polyelectrolytes, show quasi-spherical forms with good control in size. Finally, both polyelectrolytes have the ability to protect the Au and Ag nanoparticles allowing obtaining colloidal solutions that are stable for several months. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45240.


We report on a method to mass-fabricate graphene-based ultra-sensitive gas sensors on oxidized silicon wafers without the need to transfer graphene layers. By means of catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) several hundred nanocrystalline graphene field-effect transistors (ncGFETs), which are very sensitive to various toxic gases, have been fabricated directly on a single wafer and are subsequently characterized. This approach allows low-cost integration of graphene-devices for gas sensing applications in a silicon CMOS environment.


Guilbertocoris guianensis gen. & sp. nov from French Guyana, Moronopelios flavoantennatus sp. nov. from Ecuador, and Moronopelios nigritus sp. nov. from Brazil (Amazonas) and Peru are described and included in the tribe Acanthocerini (Coreidae: Coreinae). The relationships of these two genera are discussed. A detailed redescription of Moronopelios Brailovsky, 1988 and a key to identify its four known species are included. Photographs and drawings of the male genital capsule and parameres are added.


The clinical efficacy of LC9018, a biological response modifier prepared from heat‐killed Lactobacillus casei YIT9018, used in combination with radiation was studied in a randomized controlled trial on 61 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix of Stage IIB or III. The combination therapy with LC9018 demonstrated a significant effect on tumor reduction, compared with radiation therapy alone, at the cumulative doses of 15‐Gy and 30‐Gy external irradiation (P < 0.05). Histologic study confirmed that LC9018 also enhanced the therapeutic effect of the irradiation. Moreover, LC9018 seemed to be useful in protecting the patients from leukopenia during radiotherapy. This study suggests that LC9018, when used in combination with radiotherapy, will be an effective adjuvant immunotherapeutic agent. More studies in a large series of patients will, however, be needed to establish its long‐term efficacy, safety, and effects on both prognosis and enhancing radiotherapy.


New information and communication technology has changed the human-machine relationship. The paper gives a number of applications as examples. It then reviews the emergence of the new human role in the form of the supervisory control paradigm, and some associated human-computer design issues. Finally it discusses social effects, to be dealt with through education, improved design and democratic management.


The effects of heating rates and catalysts on the pyrolysis characteristics of walnut shell were studied using thermogravimetry analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( TGFTIR). The results showed that the main weight loss started at 200 ℃ and ended at 450 ℃,weight loss78% ~ 82%. With increasing heating rates,the pyrolysis of walnut shell occurred at a higher temperature and the conversion decreased. FTIR results indicated that main gas products of pyrolysis were CO2,H2 O,CO,CH4,carbonyl compounds. Kinetic analysis showed that walnut shell pyrolysis could be simplified as a first-order reaction,and calculated activation energy was about 58 ~ 62 k J / mol. Catalytic pyrolysis of walnut shell could not only increase the pyrolysis conversion,but also improve the volatiles distribution.


Wave propagation, downward continuation, and imaging of seismic reflection data can be formulated in terms of a certain class of Fourier integral operators (FIOs). We present a procedure for the approximation and discretization of such operators following a multi-scale approach, viewing data through wave packets. Our algorithm is valid for the general class of FIOs associated with canonical graphs, allowing for anisotropy, and the formation of caustics. The key ingredient is the construction of a universal oscillatory integral representation via the introduction of singularity resolving diffeomorphisms, and the associated pseudo-differential partition of unity. As an example, we detail our approach for parametrices of evolution equations. We obtain a one-step algorithm for structured multiscale wave-equation imaging and inverse scattering, time and depth extrapolation, velocity continuation, and extended imaging in general smoothly varying velocity models.


A process for isolation and purification of a target protein by chromatography wherein the chromatography removes or depletes prions (PrP), comprising the steps of contacting a potentially PrPcontaminated sample comprising a target protein with a multimodal chromatographic material; setting buffer conditions so that the target protein is bound to the multimodal chromatographic material and whereas PrPis not binding to the multimodal chromatographic material; followed by elution of the target protein.a process for isolation and purification of a target protein free of prion protein (prp).


Reconfigurable processors are hardware architectures that allow for the dynamic configuration of processing resources to optimize performance and power consumption, using partial reconfiguration to modify a portion of the design or update it without affecting the entire system. In this work, we present an automatic reconfiguration technique that leverages machine learning (ML) algorithms to automatically select the optimal configuration of a general-purpose hardware accelerator according to the workload and reconFigure the architecture at run-time. The problem is formulated as a Contextual Bandit (CB) case using the Linear Upper Confidence Bound (LinearUCB) algorithms and verified using the RISC-V Klessydra family cores as a case of study.


The iron and steel industry has developed rapidly and now become the most important industry in Tangshan city The total production value and the profit and tax are nearly 40 percent in the whole economy of the city It can be divided into three phases during the development of the iron and steel industrial Before the middle of the 1980's, the stateowned enterprise Tanggang subject to Hebei Province is the most dominant whose output proportion of the iron, steel and steel products was 8212, 9646 and 8832 respectively in the whole city, and the production value was about 80 percent in 1985 In the first of the 1990's, village and town small enterprises developed rapidly driven by the policy supporting the rural industry and cooperative firms and with the aid of Tanggang After the middle of the 1990s', the whole level of the iron and steel group has improvedNew firms are mainly near Tanggang and located in the North near the minerals Most of them first engaged in steel rolling or steelmaking, now have almost the whole working procedure from sinter to the last products The amount of the local iron and steel industry has come up to that of Tanggang in 2001The main factors to boost the developmemt of the iron and steel industry are the industrial environment and the institution The first includes the industrial guide offered by Tanggang company, the powerful support of relevant industries, abundant labor force and professional human resources, special relationship between Tanggang and its neighbor villages, communication and imitation among the enterprises The last consists of the role of the national policy, the strategy of local government and the institutional innovation of enterprises Apart from these factors, the increasing demand for the steel products promotes the development of the industrial group too The capacity of learning, adaptation and innovation is important to the growth of the local companiesHow to promote the sustainable development of the companies without connections in the working procedure is the key issue The government should make efforts to build the connection network, set up effective business environment, guide the firms to adjust the structure of products , foster the cooperation of the firms, colleges and institutes, and develop the Jointstock companies


Co-photolysis of a CF3-substituted benzene 1 and tetrabutylstannane in cyclohexane results in mainly butylation at the benzylic position with extrusion of one fluorine atom of the CF3 group accompanied by ring butylation as a minor path. On the other hand, the co-photolysis of 1 with tetrabutyl-germane and -silane in acetonitrile causes fluorinative cleavage of the σ-Μ-C bond to yield tributylfluoro-germane, and -silane, respectively, as main products. However, the butylated benzenes are detected only in trace amounts. Photo-initiated electron transfer reactions have been studied extensively from the mechanistic and synthetics aspects in organic photochemistry. We have demonstrated that 14 group organometals act as efficient σ-electron donors, and that strong electron acceptors such as aromatic nitriles-" and 2,4,6-triphenylpyryrium salt undergo novel regioselective silylation and alkylation via electron transfer. More recently, a relatively weak electron acceptor, a CF3-substituted benzene, has been shown to undergo a novel photo-silylation with hexamethyldisilane probably via an exciplex formation. In this connection, we describe the noticeable element effect on photochemical reactions of CF3substituted benzenes with tetrabutylmetals of groupl4: tetrabutylstannane causes photoinduced alkylation of the CF3-substituted benzenes with extrusion of a fluorine atom, and tetrabutyl germane and tetrabutylsilane undergo photo-induced fluorinative cleavage of the σ-Μ-C bond to give the corresponding fluorides. Cyclohexane solutions of l,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene ( la, 0.1 M) and 1,3bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene (lb, 0.1 M), and tetrabutylstannane (0.1 M) in quartz tubes were irradiated with a 125 W low-pressure Hg arc lamp for 7 hr under argon atmosphere. In each case, one of fluorine atom of the CF3 group was substituted by a η-butyl group to yield 2a and 2b, in 16 and 12% yields, together with trace amounts of 3a and 3b, respectively. Irradiation of la (0.01 M) and lb (0.01 M) in a polar solvent, acetonitrile, containing tetrabutylstannane (0.01 M) afforded, under similar conditions also 2a and 2b but only in 2 and 4%, respectively. Under these irradiation conditions, tributylfluorostannane could not be detected in the photolysate. On the other hand, co-photolysis of la


The purpose of the utility model is to design an air heater which can absorb the solar energy effectively, reduce heat loss and transmit the absorbed heat to users as soon as possible. The utility model comprises a transparent beehive structure, a V-shaped selective heat absorbing board, a heat preservation layer and a cushion block. The transparent beehive structure has a rather high transmittance for the solar energy radiation, resists the air convection completely, reduces the radiation heat transmission and resists the panel heat collector from losing heat. The V-shaped aluminum board with the upper side coated with selective absorbing film increases the solar heat collecting area effectively and has very strong absorptivity and very small emissivity. The air can flow in double-stroke type, increase the heat transmitting distance and transmit the absorbed heat outside effectively. The advantages are that: the leak, corrosion and freezing problems are avoided with the use of air heat transmitting medium; the absorbed heat is increased, the heat loss is reduced and the heat collecting efficiency is improved; the manufacture is simple, the cost is low and the operation is convenient; the utility model can be used at different time and sites.


ABSTRACT The present investigation explores the features of the research publications on stellar and galactic astrophysics research in India during the last 20 years, based on the Web of Science Core Collection and its implications using the scientometric techniques. The R program, VOS-viewer software, and Webometric Analyst 2.0 were used for the analysis. The results of this investigation unveil that the literature on the stellar and galactic astrophysics has grown exponentially during this period reaching 4352 papers in total. A network visualization map revealed that "galaxies: active", "stars: neutron", "galaxies: evolution", "galaxies: ism" and "radio continuum: galaxies" were the most frequently used keywords. The study identified the key scientometric indicators such as publications, authors, journals, countries, institutions, citation, and co-citation analysis. "Tata Institute of Fundamental Research" (TIFR) is the most extensive institutional contributor publishing 26.03% of the papers. Srianand R is the most published author with 143 publications. India has the most significant scientific collaboration with the USA. "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society" is the most publishing journal with 1434 published papers having 25,853 citations. The total number of citations received is 1,13,860 citations, giving a ratio for the "Average Citations per Item" as 26.16 and "h-index" as 115. The highest "Altmetric Attention Score" received for an article is 2411.


A non-mathematical survey is given of the theory of the upper atmosphere and the behavior of wireless waves. The new physics of the atmosphere based on heating by the sun, cooling at night, winds, gaseous diffusion, etc., the observations of the heights reached by wireless waves, the skip distances, ranges, polarization, etc., led to the conclusion that the ionization in the upper atmosphere was caused by the ultra-violet light of the sun and that the electron density had a maximum value of about 3×l05at 190 km for summer noon. The calculated ionization agreed well with the wireless facts during the day but fell off too rapidly at night. Below the maximum the ionization was not known exactly. The diamagnetic theory of the diurnal variation in the earth's magnetism called for an ion density of about 5×109from about 150 to 190 km. The drift currents of the ions, due to the earth's gravitation and magnetism, causes the sunset longitude to be at a potential of about 2000 volts above that of the sunrise longitude. This voltage, combined with the earth's magnetic field, causes the ions and electrons to rise at night. They move up into regions of lower molecular density where their recombination is less. Their rate of loss at night is about right to agree with the wireless facts. It is pointed out that quantitative experiments with waves between 70 and 400 meters, of which there have been very few, might contribute valuable information about the ionization.


SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and recurrent dengue epidemics in tropical countries have turned into a global health threat. While both virus‐caused infections may only reveal light symptoms, they can also cause severe diseases. Here, we review the possible antibody‐dependent enhancement (ADE) occurrence, known for dengue infections, when there is a second infection with a different virus strain. Consequently, preexisting antibodies do not neutralize infection, but enhance it, possibly by triggering Fcγ receptor‐mediated virus uptake. No clinical data exist indicating such mechanism for SARS‐CoV‐2, but previous coronavirus infections or infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 convalescent with different SARS‐CoV‐2 strains could promote ADE, as experimentally shown for antibodies against the MERS‐CoV or SARS‐CoV spike S protein. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry