The N-terminal structure of adult Japanese monkey (macaca fuscata fuscata) hemoglobin and the N-terminal amino acid analyses of the tryptic peptides from this hemoglobin were performed. Hemoglobin, after removal of heme, was dinitrophenylated. The DNP-globin was hydrolyzed with HCl, and from the hydrolysate DNP-derivatives were extracted with ether or ethyl acetate. They were isolated and identified by silica gel-Celite column chromatography, and quantitative analyses were performed by spectrophotometry. Consequently, it was known that one mole of hemoglobin of the Japanese monkey consisted of two polypeptide • @ chains • @whose • @N-terminal • @ structure • @ was • @ Val-Leu(ƒ¿. • @chains)and two • @ polypeptide • @ chains • @whose • @N-terminal • @ structure • @ was • @Val-His-Leu(ƒÀ chains). • @ On • @ the • @ other • @hand, • @ globin • @was • @separated • @ into • @the • @subunits, • @ ƒ¿ and,ƒÀ • @ polypeptide • @ chains • @by • @ countercurrent • @ distribution. • @Each • @ polypeptide chain was hydrolyzed with trypsin. The hydrolyzed peptides were isolated and purified by column chromatography and paper chromatography. The N-terminal amino acids of the peptides thus isolated and purified were discussed by comparing with human hemoglobin. It was known that the N-terminal • @ sturcture • @ of,ƒÀT2 • @peptide • @ consisted • @ of • @ serine • @ in • @ the • @case • @of • @ human hemoglobin, but asparagine in the case of Japanese monkey hemoglobin and that other 21 peptides has same N-terminal amino acids as those from human hemoglobin do, respectively.


At 13.9% of the adult population, New Zealand's "Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity" is highest amongst developed countries. This benchmark uses the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) methodology. New Zealand has a high level of opportunity entrepreneurship and a moderate level of necessity entrepreneurship. New Zealand's entrepreneurial firms contribute about half of all new jobs created annually. Informal investment is a more important source of financing to entrepreneurs than venture capital. The proportion of female entrepreneurs has slipped over the past three years. Maori are more entrepreneurial than the rest of population. The study argues that New Zealand has an excellent innovation policy but no entrepreneurship policy.


The invention relates to an application of 8-difluoro methoxy fluoroquinolone and composition thereof to tuberculosis treatment. The aim of the invention is to provide a new treatment purpose of a compound shown as formula (I), or medicinal salt thereof, or hydrate thereof, especially application of a pharmaceutical composition utilizing the compound as an active component to tuberculosis treatment.


The cement industry is known to be the largest consumer of energy and natural resources. Globally, an average of a ton of cement is needed by every individual each year. Cement, being the major constituent of concrete, is the most manufactured and most consumed product, and its environmental impact continuously increases; this in turn causes climate change and global warming. This has stimulated the quest to understand the environmental implications of the cement industry through life cycle assessment. The need to review life cycle assessment (LCA) software that is available for cement production is thus germane, as the desired output to be obtained in an LCA largely depends on the choice of the software package to be used. Of the 45 LCA software tools reviewed, we report on a comparison of four suitable and prominent software packages — GaBi, OpenLCA, SimaPro, and Umberto — for the cement industry. From our analysis, SimaPro emerged as the best software tool for the cement industry, based on the required standards. However, every user knows what is required in a tool; thus this paper helps to link the desired output to a particular software tool.


This paper investigates a novel maritime wireless surveillance scenario, where a legitimate monitor vessel moves around to eavesdrop the suspicious communication from a suspicious unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to a suspicious vessel with the help of a cooperative UAV. Specifically, the cooperative UAV can adjust its jamming power and trajectory to exactly control the transmission rate of the suspicious link, thus improving the monitor vessel's surveillance performance. Furthermore, since the cooperative UAV cannot land or replenish energy on the sea surface, its jamming power allocation on the ocean should be carefully designed by the energy thresholds. Under such setup, we formulate a sum eavesdropping rate maximization problem, which jointly optimizes the jamming power and three-dimensional (3D) trajectory of the cooperative UAV, as well as the two-dimensional (2D) trajectory of the monitor vessel. To address this non-convex optimization problem, we decompose the design problem into three subproblems and propose an iterative algorithm to find its suboptimal solution. Numerical results show that the proposed jamming-assisted 3D joint design can significantly improve the eavesdropping rate and save the jamming power compared to the benchmark schemes.


We first reported here a new triple-layered Ni-P based-TiO 2 /ZrO 2 (NTZ) composite coating prepared by electroless plating on a substrate of Q235 carbon steel. The microstructure, mechanical and anticorrosion properties of the achieved coating were investigated. Meanwhile, a pure Ni-P coating, a double-layered Ni-P based-TiO 2 coating (NT) and a Ni-P based-ZrO 2 coating (NZ) were prepared as comparisons. The results indicated that TiO 2 and ZrO 2 particles were found on the surface of NT and NZ. Both types of the particles were detected on the cross-section of NTZ. In addition, NTZ not only showed a higher tribology property than other coatings but also a similar hardness with NZ. Furthermore, the highest corrosion resistance of NTZ among all coatings was determined by the lowest corrosion current density of 3.80 × 10 -7 A/cm 2 . Ni-P/TiO 2 layer under Ni-P/ZrO 2 layer in NTZ caused a higher corrosion resistance than NZ by increasing the corrosion path of harmful ions to substrate. The above research revealed that NTZ owned a potential application in the fields requiring both high mechanical and anticorrosion properties.


Abstract: Relapse of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis after drug withdrawal may relate to incomplete histological improvement during corticosteroid therapy and/or persistence of pathogenic mechanisms.


The stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni) of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) are common in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The use of less susceptible varieties can reduce the incidence of these diseases. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the reaction of more than 70 bean genotypes (black and colored groups) to stem rot and powdery mildew. The tests were conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized block design. Each seed for the stem rot test was inoculated with two sclerotia of S. rolfsii. For the powdery mildew tests, the plants were naturally infected by air borne conidia. The cultivar Rio Tibagi was used as pattern of median resistance towards stem rot and median susceptibility towards powdery mildew for statistical comparisons. The genotypes less affected by stem rot were (compared to 'Rio Tibagi'): black group - LA 95105428, FT 646, and Access 57; colored group ('Carioca') - BAF 50. The genotype most affected by stem rot was BAF 10. Most of the genotypes did not differ from 'Rio Tibagi' in terms of stem rot intensity. The genotypes most susceptible to stem rot were Access 57 (black) and FGP CF 101 (black). The genotypes less affected by powdery mildew were: black group - Access 60, Access 36, FGP CF 058, TB 95-03, LM95103904, and LP 96-58; colored group - Akita, LP 94-1, and LP 96-162.


In a recent paper [Hassager, J. Rheol. 64, 545–550 (2020)], Hassager performed an analysis of the start up of stress-controlled oscillatory flow based on the general theory of linear viscoelasticity. The analysis provided a theoretical basis for exploring the establishment of a steady strain offset that is inherent to stress controlled oscillatory rheometric protocols. However, the analysis neglected the impact of instrument inertia on the establishment of the steady periodic response. The inclusion of the inertia term in the framework is important since it (i) gives rise to inertio-elastic ringing and (ii) introduces an additional phase shift in the periodic part of the response. Herein, we modify the expressions to include an appropriate inertial contribution and demonstrate that the presence of the additional terms can have a substantial impact on the time scale required to attain the steady state periodic response. The analysis is then applied to an aqueous solution of wormlike micelles.


The purpose of this study is to evaluate the precision and accuracy of a three dimensional cephalogram constructed by using the frontal and lateral cephalogram of twelve human dry skulls. After achieving the three dimensional image reconstruction program, we tried to apply this program to two dentofacial deformity patients. 1. Conventional nasion relator in cephalostat was used to reproduce the same head position for the same dry skull. The mean difference of the three dimensional cephalogram for the same dry skull was 0.34±0.33 mm. Closeness of repeated measures to each skull reveals the precision of this method for the three dimensional cephalogram. 2. Concerning the accuracy, the mean difference between the three dimensional reconstruction data and actual lineal measurements was 1.47±1.45 mm and the mean magnification ratio was 100.24±4.68%. This Difference is attributed mainly to the ill defined cephalometric landmarks, not to the positional change of the dry skull. 3. Cephalometric measurement of lateral and frontal radiographs had no consecutive magnification ratio because of the different focus-object distance. The mean difference between the frontal and lateral cephalogram to the actual lineal measurements was 4.72±2.01 mm and -5.22±3.36 mm. Vertical measurements were slightly more accurate than horizontal measurements. 4. Applying to the actual patient analysis, it is recommendable to use this program for analyzing the asymmetry or spatial change after operation. The orthodontic bracket would be a favorable cephalometric landmark for constructing the three dimensional images.


The use of hormones to monitor reproduction and physiological stress in wild animals has attracted considerable interest in primatology. In particular, non-invasive methods of hormone measurement represent an important technological advance for the study of endocrinology in free-ranging and captive primates. In this book, Rafaela Takeshita and collaborators describe the current and most common techniques in this field, and how they can be applied to study the biology and physiology of nonhuman primates. Furthermore, they report two studies involving the analysis of glucocorticoids (GC) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) – two important adrenal steroids – from fecal extracts in Japanese macaques, the only species of nonhuman primates endemic to Japan. Their findings can be used to improve the management and welfare of captive groups, and to monitor stress levels in wild and free ranging populations.


Objective To observe the effect of integrative therapy of traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine on Helicobacter pylori(Hp) relevant chronic gastritis with syndrome of spleen-stomach damp-heat type(SSDH).Methods The random number table method was taken to divide 62 patients with Hp relevant chronic gastritis of SSDH syndrome into trial group and control group,with 31 in each.The patients in the two groups were given the same drugs of Western medicine,and the patients in the trial group were given additionally modified Pinelliae decoction for purging stomach-fir.Four-week treatment made a course,and then the effects of the two groups were observed.Results After the treatment,the total effective rate was 90.3% in the trial group,and 61.3% in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P0.05).The negativity turning rate of Hp was 74.2% in the trial group,and 48.4% in the control group,the difference of which was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion The therapy of the integrative medicine is of better therapeutic effect to Hp relevant chronic gastritis of SSDH syndrome.


The main objective of this study is to analyse the performance and problems of the ancillary units in the Technocrats Industrial Esrate at Balanagar, Hyderabad. This Estate has been promoted by he ·Andhra Pradesh Small Scale industrial Development Corporation At present 50 units are working in the Estate out of which about 30 can be classified under the category of ancillary industries. In making this classification, a broad definition of ancillary has been kept in view The units which are engaged in supplying spares and components, intermediate products, consummables or doing job work for other large undertakings have been included for the purpose of this study. Another important objective of this case.study is to ascertain the extent of assistance the smaller units are receiving from the large undertakings as well as the difficulties faced by the ancillaries in dealing with the parent organisations, The study also makes an attempt to judge the progress of the units by finding out the sales turnover in the past two or three years and incorporates suggestions of the entrepreneurs for improving their marketing portfolio. Fifteen of the thirty units in the Estate were contacted for data; 13 units responded. In addition to getting the information through the questionnaire, the owners of these units were also interviewed


There is increasing evidence to suggest that AGN activity ma be episodic, with a wide range of possible time scales. Radio galaxies exhibit the most strik ing examples of episodic activity, with two or three distinct pairs of lobes on opposite sides of the a ctive nucleus. Radio emission from earlier cycles of activity are expected to have steep radio s pectra due to radiative losses, and hence be detected more easily at low radio frequencies. Inverse-C ompton scattered cosmic microwave background radiation could in prinicple probe even lower Lo entz-factor particles, revealing an older population. We illustrate the time scales of episodic activity by considering different radio galaxies, discuss the possiblity of episodic activity in cl uster radio sources, and a possible trend for a high incidence of HI absorption in sources with evidence of episodic activity.


We are very impressed with the article Tourniquet Application for Bleeding Control in a Rural Trauma System: Outcomes and Implications for Prehospital Providers by Hala Bedri et al (1). We do not argue with the assumed methodology of the article because it is wonderfully prepared, and the conclusions are correctly formulated. As a group of authors, we would like to point out that tourniquet application for bleeding control, despite its effectiveness, is burdened with increasing tissue hypoxia due to a sudden loss of perfusion. This is particularly important in terms of prolonged care of the casualty in the area, where evacuation to the hospital may last several hours or more. Cellular hypoxia causes a rapid change in metabolism from the aerobic to the anaerobic pathway, leading to a number of changes, including: an increase in hypoxia-induced factors: decreased ATP concentration, increased expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A), decreased pH, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia. It leads to the activation of enzymes that cause structural disintegration. One of the primary determinants of the future functional prognosis of the limb is therefore the shortest possible time associated with the restoration of blood perfusion in the ischemic cells. In terms of the development of ischemic damage, it seems reasonable to attempt a controlled slowdown of cell metabolism by temporary local temperature reduction of the tissues of the limb. Such action is intended to protect the cells and extend the period of reversible ischemia until final reperfusion occurs (similar to the hibernation/cooling used in amputations). The reason for this recommendation is the available literature which reports a significant reduction in, for instance, myoglobin, potassium (and thus the rise in hyperkalemia) in the ischemic limb and a reduction in the occurrence of permanent nerve damage due to the introduction of local hypothermic hypometabolism (2–11). We believe that adding another recommendation to the World Prehospital Trauma Guidelines would be beneficial:


Tissue engineering is a promising tool to manage structural and functional defects in bone and cartilage. To provide optimal conditions for three-dimensional cell growth the use of a scaffold is necessary. The aim of the study was to prove osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) onto a three-dimensional, nanostructured scaffold of electrospun poly (l-lactide)-nanofibers. HMSC were seeded onto this matrix and differentiated for 21 days. Cells clearly preferred a guided growth along the nanofibers and revealed no signs of cell-death. Osteogenic differentiation of hMSC onto the matrix has been demonstrated. Due to the fine structure, electrospun nanofibers promises to be an ideal scaffold for tissue engineering. They can be enriched with additives and are equally biocompatible and biodegradable.


Tube mold has been used in the bloom caster at Baotou Steel. The surface quality,internal quality and configuration of the bloom were traced during the trail production period. It was proved that bloom surface quality was improved ,and especially defect of corner cold-shut was improved evidently.Both the internal quality and section configuration of the bloom are satisfied the requirement of the products.


Abstract This case study is an evaluation of actual alternatives for capacity expansion of an electrical power company. A systematic analysis of the important parameters of this complex problem is described to illustrate how multiple attribute decision analysis can be utilized to include the monetary and nonmonetary aspects of such a real world capacity expansion problem. The service cost data utilized is the type generated routinely by utilities and/or regulatory staffs. However, the use of outage costs and socio-economic coats demonstrates that the readily available service coats data can be expanded and combined into a framework that allows a more detailed analysis of the complex, capacity planning problem. The information reported here has been altered to the extent necessary to conceal the identity of the utility.


Recommendation engines play a major role in today's e-commerce. The trend is that data being gathered is growing and product varieties are numerous. Personalization can be achieved in many ways, this work presents one: a consumer behavior forms the basis of the rating prediction. The Slope One method is implemented in this work to produce the predictions. The results show that the source data used set some restrictions on analysis and the most important benefit of the recommendations could not be analyzed. However, the results show that the idea of using individual behavior as basis of recommendations is relevant and can be implemented.


This study investigates the existence of a court-appointed board that serves as a liquidator. When the liquidator conducts the process of settling assets, problems occur if the Foundation's management is unwilling to work with the liquidator. The approach employed in this study is normative legal research, which is conducted in an effort to acquire the pertinent information regarding the issue. The qualitative juridical analysis method is utilized for data analysis. On the basis of Article 63 of the Foundation Law, the results of the study were obtained on the existence of the Management in the process of settling the assets of the Foundation by the liquidator. If the Foundation is dissolved because its time period and objectives have been met or not met, the Trustees appoint a liquidator; if the Trustees do not appoint a liquidator, the management acts as a liquidator; and if the Foundation is dissolved because of a court order, the court also appoints a liquidator. The court-appointed liquidator is authorized to dispose of the Foundation's assets. The nomination of the Management as Liquidator is inappropriate due to the fact that the liquidator is essentially a former member of the Foundation's management, which might cause conflict and impede the process of settling the Foundation's assets.


The South Nation River was studied for its ability to assimilate wastewater effluents from municipal and industrial point sources for both existing and anticip…


Author(s): Harker, James Edward | Advisor(s): Bates, David W | Abstract: The modernist novel displays a recurrent interest in the limits of perceptual and cognitive faculties. Exploring this "cognitive thread" I reconsider terms for understanding literary modernism (difficulty, "unknowing," inwardness, stream of consciousness) as well as terms fundamental to narratology (frame, character, focalization, discourse). Chapter One addresses the difficulty of tracking the thoughts of a large number of characters. This challenge is also at work in narratology's communicative frame. Modernist narratives and the narratological frame for understanding them approach cognitive limitations in tracking multiple consciousnesses, resulting in a pragmatic "functionalizing"--a readerly practice of reducing characters and agents from sources of consciousness to discrete functions. Chapter Two addresses the functionalizing tendency of modernist experimentation in the single character. I reinterpret E.M. Forster's distinction between "flat" and "round" characters as the basis of a computationalist theory of character rather than a mimetic theory. I show how this conception of character is at work in A Passage to India. By foregrounding artifice rather than mimesis, Forster gives a new dimension to modernist "unknowing," the tendency for modernist narratives to dismantle the Bildungsroman structure of a subject coming to know itself. Chapter Three addresses the critical debate between "inwardness" and the external world in the works of Virginia Woolf. I argue that in Woolf's essays and fiction, forms of misperception are an index of her understanding of the inherent connection between the inner life and the outer world by a fallible human body. The limits of the sensory apparatuses run parallel to the limits of what can be conveyed in narrative. Perceptual limitations form the basis of Woolf's experimentation with focalization--the narratological term for the vantage from which a narrative is told. Chapter Four focuses on the minimum threshold of consciousness itself--moments of not thinking at all--in Sylvia Townsend Warner's Lolly Willowes. The novel uses familiar stylistic strategies such as free indirect discourse but not in the service of the "inner voice" or the "stream of consciousness." Instead, the novel focuses on the "core" element of consciousness--what Antonio Damasio explains as "a sense of self about one moment--now--and about one place." Despite the focus on core consciousness, Lolly Willowes is nonetheless a novel of self-discovery in which Laura comes to understand herself to be a witch. In Warner's version of epiphany, I show how insight comes not from a process of reasoning but from core consciousness--an emanation from the lowest limit of the mind.


Huang Jianguo's short-short stories are quite emotional.In his collection of short-short stories named Who Will See the Village First,he shows a diversiform world just like allegories about "being".All these have been narrated in the cultural space called "Mei Village",which is in the progress of modernization in China.Clearly,in pursuit of the character of realism,his writing keeps a special standpoint with "being inside it and being beyond it".


Saccharum Officinarum L is native to Asian countries, including Asia. Indonesia is the third-largest sugarcane producer in the ASEAN region. The amount of sugarcane production represents the potential amount of bagasse waste obtained. Bagasse has not been used properly and optimally in Indonesia. Bagasse contains 43.6% cellulose; hemicellulose 33.8%; lignin 18.1%; ash 2.3% and wax 0.8%. The purpose of this study was to isolate bagasse cellulose with 5% of nitric acid. We determined the organoleptic powder properties and pharmacopeial specifications of bagasse cellulose as pharmaceutical raw materials. As a result, the test parameters as pharmaceutical raw materials for bagasse cellulose met the requirements compared to Japan Pharmacopeia XV except for the ash content value. Bagasse cellulose powder had a white color, a water content of 5.93%, and pH 6.7. It was insoluble in water-ethanol and ether and had Pb-Cr-Cd metal content <10 ppm. The microbial limits were below the specified requirements. The ash content was 0.6, the bulk density was 0.136, the tapped density was 0.158, Carr's index was 13.92, the Hausner ratio was 1.162, and the angle of repose was 56.4. Based on the angle of repose value, bagasse cellulose powder had fairly good flow properties.


A weak Galerkin form for the calculation of perturbations of the magnetic scalar potential caused by variations of material boundaries is derived. Finite‐element discretizations of this Galerkin form are discussed.


Although interest in the use of membranes for the concentration of microalgal biomass has steadily been growing, little is known regarding the phenomena of membrane fouling. In addition, more attention has been given to polymeric membranes compared to ceramic membranes, which have a longer life that is associated with a higher resistance to aggressive chemical cleaning. In this study, microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) of two microalgae species, Chlorella vulgaris and Monoraphidium contortum, were carried out using tubular crossflow ceramic membranes. Permeate flux was measured, resistance was calculated, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined. The flux reduction during the first 10 min of filtration was higher for MF than UF (>70% and <50%), and steady-state permeate fluxes were <5% (for MF) and <25% (for UF) of initial (in m3 m−2 s−1) 6.2 × 10−4 (for MF) and 1.7 × 10−4 (for UF). Total resistances (in m−1) were in the ranges of 4.2–5.4 × 1012 (UF) and 2.6–3.1 × 1012 (MF) for M. contortum and C. vulgaris, respectively. DOC reduction was higher for UF membrane (>80%) than for MF (<66%) and DOC concentrations (mg C L−1) in permeates following MF and UF were about five and two, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrated: (i) higher irreversible resistance for UF and reversible resistance for MF; (ii) permeate flux higher for UF and for M. contortum; (iii) the significant role of dissolved organic compounds in the formation of reversible resistance for MF and irreversible resistance for UF.


On the 5 August 1914 New Zealand's governor, Lord Liverpool, mounted the parliament's steps in Wellington and to an audience of approximately 15,000 people announced the outbreak of war. During August further proclamations quickly sundered relations between New Zealand and the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires: trading with these enemy states was banned, the exportation of scheduled goods was banned, financial relations were banned, and German shipping was given a period of grace to leave New Zealand's ports.1 Concomitant proclamations called for New Zealand's Army Reserve, Special Army Reserve, and elements of the Territorial Force to report for permanent service.2 Through these proclamations we may begin to glimpse the gathering reorientation of the New Zealand state to meet the demands of war, processes involving both programs intended to transform the New Zealand state and strategies designed to help produce a socio-economic war system. In contrast to a growing body of work which examines the importance of the First World War (and especially the Anzac experience) in defining a sense of New Zealand nationhood, very little has been written which traces the administration of New Zealand's domestic war effort and its postwar implications. There are, however, glimpses of conversations. In the volumes that comprise New Zealand's First World War history there is some discussion, for example, of the national register and the work of the Board of Trade.3 The establishment of the latter which signalled, wrote


In wastewater treatment plants, the stability of the related microbiota is pivotal for a steady and appropriate operation in biological wastewater treatment (BWT). The interactions between phages, which are high in amounts and diversity, and their particular hosts are significant due to their specificity in this microbial community. As drivers of diversity, phages are capable of changing the microbial structure by affecting host cells. This study aimed to enhance the stability of the functional microbiota, a primary concern of BWT, by evaluating the influence of bioaugmentation with bacteriophage cocktails. The sequencing data revealed significant alterations in the entire microbiome, including microeukaryotes, induced by the bacteriophages. These alterations led to a reduction in opportunistic microorganisms while preserving the beneficial ones. The genus Proteobacteria was found unaffected by three antibiotics in the bioreactor due to its antibiotic-resistant members, leading to its further growth, while the antibiotic-sensitive genus decreased in quantity. Furthermore, the phages notably influenced the metabolic pathway such as nitrogen, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolisms by eliminating opportunistic microbes and providing improved growth conditions to bacterial species that are essential for effective reactor performance and wastewater treatment.


Interest in the inert or noble- gas atoms in general arises because they are ideal as test systems for various theoretical models of electron scattering and also since their interaction processes serve as reference for the determination of instrumental responses in electron scattering experiments. The ionization cross section data of ground state inert gas atoms He through Xe are considered to be benchmark data. Our aim in this paper is to provide theoretical results on electron scattering with Radon atoms, as it would complete the studies on the entire inert gas column. That is possible with this particular column only, in view of the preceding literature on He through Xe . Inert gas radon is radioactive, and would be a difficult target for electron scattering experiments. In the present calculations, the complications arising from radioactivity are not considered. We provide hitherto unavailable cross sections on atomic radon, and also provide opportunity of the comparison of electron impact cross sections over all the inert gas targets.


Globalization as a process closely linked to the development of the modern world has an impact on the development of national economies, companies, as well as households that can work in other countries. One of the elements of globalization is migration which is becoming increasingly important both for households and economies of individual countries. This article aims to analyse the phenomenon of migration of households as an important part of the process of globalization. There are few issues that raise as much controversy as migration, especially international migration. In part, this is due to the fact that it involves many other issues: economy, demographics, politics, national security, culture, language, and even religion.


This paper focuses on the behavior of conduction particles motion in the insulating (Sulphurhexafluoride) SF6 gas under the impulse voltage. These conducting particles play an important part on the reduction of the dielectric strength of the SF6. The drag force based on the viscosity of insulating gas is taken into account. The effect of the particle shape, configuration of the gap, atmospheric conditions and the dimensions of the contamination particles are investigated. The software program is carried out to simulate the motion of the contamination particles in insulating gas.


Before running a model simulation, it is important to accumulate as much information about the model as possible. Although an analysis of relations among model components is considered a promising means of accomplishing this task, the social simulation literature offers very little guidance in performing such analyses. We use an analytical framework to demonstrate how model analysis can facilitate the simulation process, with the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma serving as a primary example. Our results show that the analysis was helpful in identifying important strategies and simulation phenomena, thus reducing the amount of work required for the simulation. We suggest that this framework is applicable to other types of two-person matrix games, and that the methods we use are also suitable for other macro-or agent-based simulation models.


The purpose of this thesis is to report on the analysis done on the four reactions: 16O+30Si, 18O+28Si and 19F+27Al at 7 MeV/u e 16O+30Si at 8MeV/u, which have been measured at Legnaro National Laboratories with the GARFIELD+RCo detectors array. The idea behind this experiment is to evaluate the properties of the pre-equilibrium emission process in an energy regime close to the onset of such emission with the future project to carry out a following experiment of the same systems at higher bombarding energies, where the pre-equilibrium component is well assessed and may play a more important role.
This experiment finds employment in the wider framework of an extensive research campaign on pre-equilibrium emission of light charged particles from hot nuclei made by the NUCLEX collaboratio. The study of pre-equilibrium emitted particles is a useful tool to examine nuclear clustering analyzing the effects of possible cluster structures on the nuclear reactions.

After a theoretical and experimental introduction, the main analysis results are described: the quasi-complete events and complete events analysis; the study of selected evaporation residue channels; the evaluation of quantitative observables (BR and Q-value) of the major populated channels; the characterization of specific multiple (1, 2 and 3) alpha-channels.


A study about the energy and momentum distributions of a new charged regular black hole solution with a nonlinear electrodynamics source is presented. The energy and momentum are calculated using the Einstein and M{\o}ller energy-momentum complexes. The results show that in both pseudotensorial prescriptions the expressions for the energy of the gravitational background depend on the mass $M$ and the charge $q$ of the black hole, an additional factor $\beta $ coming from the spacetime metric considered, and the radial coordinate $r$, while in both prescriptions all the momenta vanish. Further, it is pointed out that in some limiting and particular cases the two complexes yield the same expression for the energy distribution as that obtained in the relevant literature for the Schwarzschild black hole solution.


New nuclear structure effects concerning the stability of deformed shells are shown to be contained in exotic cluster decays. The superdeformed Z=38, 75Sr nucleus is found to be very stable against all cluster decays whereas the neighbouring and equally deformed Z=40, 80Zr is not so stable, at least for some clusters. This new result of a very stable deformed shape at Z(N)=38, and not at Z(N)=40, is understood as a switching and new reinforcement shell gap effect of Z=38 deformed shell on N=38 deformed shell. Other important consequences of this work on cluster radioactivity and the production of new and superheavy elements are also discussed.


Software architecture aims at providing a high-level structure (blueprint) to be used by both the developer as well as the stakeholders. The blueprint consists of components and connectors. Certain combinations of these components and connectors yield the best design results. Vastushastra, an Indian building science, consists of patterns. It lays a set of building architectural rules that, when followed, offers quality of life. As a first attempt of our research, we propose applying the well-structured and proven results of Vastushastra to one of component of Software Architecture, Quality Trade-off.


. The European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation NOVUM (EGTC NOVUM) was established in 2015 and conducts its activities in the Polish-Czech borderland. The main aim of NOVUM is to intensify, facilitate and promote Polish-Czech cross-border cooperation aimed at the strengthening of economic and social cohesion of the area of operation of the Grouping. Sustainable development is a widely accepted concept of development. Currently, striving for sustainable development is one of the biggest challenges. This concept is implemented at various levels of development from international, through national, regional to local. The article attempts to determine the degree of implementation of sustainable development in the area of operation of EGTC NOVUM. Indicators describing the social, economic and environmental situation have been chosen in order to achieve this objective. The analysis was carried out for the years 2014-2016. Among the indicators selected for analysis were, inter alia: gross domestic product per capita, expenditure on R&D, employment rate, unemployment rate, gross fertility rate, protected area.


Drawing on schema theory and advertising rhetoric, this article contributes to research on incongruent communication with three studies exploring consumer responses across different degrees of ad–brand incongruity. Study 1 reveals an inverted U-shaped pattern, indicating the superiority of moderate incongruity on ad processing time, recall, and attitude toward the ad (Aad) and the brand (Ab). Studies 2A and 2B replicate this pattern and further demonstrate that the affect already stored in the brand schema drives brand attitude formation for congruent and extremely incongruent ads, whereas both schema- and stimulus-based affect determine brand attitude for moderately incongruent ads. Study 2B also shows that participants are able to resolve ad–brand incongruity and comprehend the ad unless discrepancies are extreme. Finally, it is revealed that comprehension of more cognitively challenging ads mediates the effect of incongruity on both Aad and Ab.


In the US the coal used for power generation now creates 50 m ton/year of wastes in the form of fly and bottom ash, scrubber residues and coal preparation wastes. These will increase with the decreasing availability of other fossil fuels and the proliferation of coal gasification and liquefaction plants. The degradation of surface waters and groundwater aquifers is the major concern associated with the disposal of these wastes. The effects can be greatly reduced by proper siting and effective design of disposal areas.


A clear definition of quality goals of the business processes of a proposed system and the establishment of responsibilities among stakeholders (professionals, users and organizations), individually and systemically, are basic requirements for the success of this proposal. A framework is proposed to guide those involved to implement practices and ISO Usability and Interactive Digital TV (TVDi). The standards proposed in this framework were obtained from a socio-technical scenarios relating to a digital TV system. An analysis of theoretical and practical experiences on the deployment of digital TV shows there are challenges to apply them caused by attitudes fragmented and where the user does not have the central role.


Two compounds having in vitro cytotoxic actiyity against yarious tumor cells have been isolated from a water extract of corn and identified as (E)-13-hydroxy10-oxo-11-octadecenoic acid (1) and (E)-10-oxo-11-octadecen-13-olide (2) by us (Fig. 1).i-3) We have also synthesized both enantiomers of 1 and 2 from linoleic acid and found that natural 1 and 2 were racemic compounds by comparing the optical rotation values of the natural products with those of the synthetic products.`) With interest in the cytotoxic effects of the chiral center at the 13-position and the enone moiety on 1 and 2, we attempted to assay the activity of various derivatives of 1 and 2. This paper describes syntheses of derivatives of 1 and 2 and their structure-cytotoxic activity relationship. The synthetic derivatives u ed for the in vitro cytotoxic assay are depicted in Fig. 2. An outline of the synthesis of compounds 5 and 6 is shown in the Scheme. Hydroperoxidation of linoleic acid (3) with soybean lipoxygenase-1,S) subsequent esterification with diazomethane and then decomposition of the intermediate hydroperoxide with acetic anhydride and 4-(N,NL dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) gave 13-oxo ester 9, which was hydrolyzed with NaOH aq. to give keto acid 5. Treatment of 9 with oxygen and triethylsilane in the presenceof[5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphinatolcobalt (II) (Co(tdcpp)) and reduction with trimethyl phosphite selectively afforded hydroxyketo ester 10.6d7) Hydroxyketo ester le was treated with p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) in refluxing benzene to o n-CsHll


Cancer is known as a disease in which cells divide abnormally. They can involve various parts of the body. Many people annually die due to cancer. Yet, there are several reasons for the emergence of this disease. Cancer costs so much for society and patients in economic and social terms. Lung cancer malignity is known as the main morality factor related to cancer. Lung cancer is divided into various types. Among them, Squamous cell carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma have the highest rate of prevalence. This malignity may be due to a variety of reasons. Generally, they are reported into groups including environmental factors (e.g. life style and cigarette) and genetic factors. Among the symptoms of the disease, followings can be implied: Cough, chest pain, hoarseness due to the involvement of laryngeal nerve, whizzing in breath, respiratory distress, various syndromes like Horner, Pancoast's syndrome, Superior vena cava syndrome, Paraneoplastic syndrome, fingers Clubbing, headache and lymph nodes involvement, sweating, weight loss, etc. This disease can be diagnosed in different ways. The most elementary methods can be exploited; for example, preparing an appropriate medical history of the patient regarding his life style and coping with risk factors as well as examining symptoms. Other methods like examining biomarkers, imaging and/or biopsy are also used. CT scan is known as the most important imaging tool used for examining lung cancer. Similarly, there are a variety of treatments for this disease. They can be done in terms of medical therapies and/or surgery. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are also applied depending on the trend of the disease and physician diagnosis.


A 3D graphics rendering method for efficiently providing motion blur effects and an apparatus thereof are provided to generate clone objects of an object based on animation information of the object to which the motion blur effects will be applied, and render 3D graphic data including the generated clone objects, thereby providing the motion blur effects without accumulation buffers. A 3D(Three-Dimensional) graphics rendering method comprises the following steps of: generating clone objects of a predetermined object based on information about the object indicated by graphic data(42); rendering the graphics data including the clone objects by setting transparency to the generated clone objects(43,44); and outputting the rendering result to a display device(45). The object is an object tow which motion blur effects will be applied among objects indicated by the graphic data.


In the present paper, we study dynamical systems generated by stochastic operators which are superpositions of non-Volterra quadratic stochastic operators defined on the two-dimensional simplex. We showed that such stochastic operators have two fixed points and there are no periodic points except fixed points. We showed that any trajectory of such an operator converges to a fixed point. Thus, these operators are ergodic transformations.


ABSTRACT/ Osorno is the setting of a major patrimonial single-family housing quarter which combines expressions established in the second half of the ninetee...


We provide a number of simplified and improved separations between pairs of Resolution-with-bounded-conjunction refutation systems, Res(d), as well as their tree-like versions, Res∗(d). The contradictions we use are natural combinatorial principles: the Least number principle, LNPn and an ordered variant thereof, the Induction principle, IPn. LNPn is known to be easy for Resolution. We prove that its relativization is hard for Resolution, and more generally, the relativization of LNPn iterated d times provides a separation between Res(d) and Res(d+1). We prove the same result for the iterated relativization of IPn, where the tree-like variant Res ∗(d) is considered instead of Res(d). We go on to provide separations between the parameterized versions of Res(1) and Res(2). Here we are able again to use the relativization of the LNPn, but the classical proof breaks down and we are forced to use an alternative. Finally, we separate the parameterized versions of Res∗(1) and Res∗(2). Here, the relativization of IPn will not work as it is, and so we make a vectorizing amendment to it in order to address this shortcoming.


Particle swarm optimization(PSO) is a new swarm intelligence simulation evolution optimum algorithm.It has a simple principle,few controlling parameters,and strong optimizing ability in continuous space.It is easy to be implemented.The applying PSO to combination optimum problems is studied based on permutation,the flow of the algorithm is proposed,the computational method of difference between two permutations is designed,the method of deriving PSO's velocity from transforms,and the detailed operations is shown.In orderto increasethe convergentspeed and to improve the overallsearching ability ofthe algorithm,therule ofmatrix minima line-by-line to is used initiate the particle swarm,and introduces a mutation operator.Finally,the paper makes simulating computation on some testing TSP problems.The results show that the algorithm is feasible.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a double clutch gear unit which has two drive units, and yet is relatively short in axial structural length in spite of many forward stages. SOLUTION: The gear unit (1) includes a double clutch unit (2) having first/second clutches (3, 4), first/second input shafts (9, 10) which are connected to an engine (6) via the clutches (3, 4), a plurality of gear pairs for connecting the input shafts (9, 10) to out put shafts (11, 12, 29), and first/second drive units (37, 38) capable of offering a hybrid mode in a serial or parallel connection. The first drive unit (37) is arranged to be coaxial with the clutches (3, 4) and encircle them radially outside. The second drive unit (38) is provided with a drive shaft having a rotary shaft (45) different from the rotating shaft (8) of the clutches (3, 4). COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT


In automobile industry drive shaft is one of the most important components to transmit power form the engine to rear wheel through the differential gear. Generally steel drive shaft is used in automobile industry, nowadays they are more interested to replace steel drive shaft with that of composite drive shaft. The overall objective of this paper is to analyze the composite drive shaft using to find out the best replacement for conventional steel drive shaft. The uses of advanced composite materials such as Kevlar, Graphite, Carbon and Glass with proper resins ware resulted in remarkable achievements in automobile industry because of its greater specific strength and specific modulus, improved fatigue and corrosion resistances and reduction in energy requirements due to reduction in weight as compared to steel shaft. This paper is to presents, the modeling and analysis of drive shaft using Kevlar/Epoxy and Glass/Epoxy as a composite material and to find best replacement for conventional steel drive shafts with an Kevlar/epoxy or Glass/Epoxy resin composite drive shaft. Modeling is done using CATIA software and Analysis is carried out by using ANSYS 10.0 software for easy understanding. The composite drive shaft reduces the weight by 81.67 % for Kevlar/Epoxy and 72.66% for Glass/Epoxy when compared with conventional steel drive shaft.


We study multidimensional cosmology to obtain the wavefunction of the universe using wormhole dominance proposal. Using a prescription for time we obtain the Schrodinger–Wheeler–DeWitt equation without any reference to WD equation and WKB ansatz for WD wavefunction. It is found that the Hartle–Hawking or wormhole-dominated boundary conditions serve as a seed for inflation as well as for Gaussian type ansatz to Schrodinger–Wheeler–DeWitt equation.


Objective
To investigate the prevalence of degenerative knee osteoarthritis and the relationship between osteoporosis and knee osteoarthritis.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted and stratified sampling method was used to select the sample. The permanent residents over 18 years old in Beijing were selected, and self-developed questionnaires were used by face-to-face interview including the disease condition and possible relative factors. The effect of osteoporosis on knee osteoarthritis was analyzed after controlling the effect of gender, age, BMI, waist-hip ratio, education level, nature of work, intensity of work, physical exercise by the Logistic regression model.

Results
Among the 783 subjects, 53 cases of knee degenerative osteoarthritis were found, with the prevalence rate was 6.77% and the prevalence rate of 95%CI was 5.01%, 8.53%. The prevalence rates of <45 years old group, 45-59 year-old group and ≥60-year-old group were 2.54%, 7.02% and 16.67% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=36.284, P=0.000). After controlling the other factors, osteoporosis had an independent effect on knee osteoarthritis with OR value of 3.56 (95%CI: 1.76, 7.18).

Conclusion
The older the age, the higher the prevalence of degenerative knee arthritis, and there is a correlation between osteoporosis and degenerative knee arthritis.

Key words:
Osteoarthritis, knee; Osteoporosis; Prevalence; Cross-sectional studies


Due to the rapid development of international exchange,the demand for proficient English learners is on the increase.However, there is a serious situation that many students who have studied English for more than ten years cannot communicate fluently though they have mastered the ability to read and write.


P255 Challenge for Hydrcarbon Exploration in Western Black Sea – Case Study for Origine of Tjulenovo Oil Field G.V. Georgiev* (Sofia University) SUMMARY The Tjulenovo mainly oil field in Valanginian carbonates was the first economic discovery in Western Black Sea region made in 1951. It is located at the northern Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Although the production began in 1954 and after 1968 goes down the field is still producing. The Tjulenovo oil genesis remains obscure more than 45 years. Basic obstacle for this was the lack of potentially source intervals in Tertiary to Upper Paleozoic sedimentary succession drilled by


The transport of Sodium from silicon wafers in the presence of an electric field was studied. A dual polarity silicon boat was designed to apply the electric potential to silicon wafers during annealing. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) were used to measure sodium contamination levels. Results indicate that alkali metals desorb from the silicon oxide surface, diffuse through gas boundary layer, and are transported into the gas flow. This process is strongly depends on process temperature, ambient gas pressure and electric field conditions. A DC‐electric field was found to be an effective means to manage the desorbed ionized Na+ species diffusion through the near‐surface stagnant layer and transporting it into the gas phase.


of the four adults who failed to respond, the maximum daily dosage of cortisone was only 100 mg., whereas in the series as a whole the maximum daily dosage was 200 to 300 mg. in more than half the cases. This experience is rather more favourable than that reported previously: namely, 1952 report, partial or complete responses in 11 out of 16; 1951 report, partial or complete responses in 8 out of 14. The less favourable results of the earlier reports are probably partly due to the fact that smaller doses were being used; thus of five patients treated in 1951 who failed to respond to hormones, two received a maximum daily dose of 75 to 100 mg. of cortisone and one further patient received a total of 2,500 mg. of cortisone in 25 days. Four patients were treated continuously with cortisone for six months or more. In two cases the patients remained well on 100 mg. a day but relapsed when given 50 mg. a day; both developed a mild Cushing syndrome. The other two patients remained well on 50 mg. and 75 mg. a day respectively. Eight cases of non-thrombocytopenic purpura were treated in 1953-4, and six of these failed to respond to hormones. In five of these six dosage was adequatenamely, 200 to 300 mg. of cortisone a day for 12 to 20 days in three patients, and 100 mg. A.C.T.H. a day for 17 days in one patient. In the 1952 report, six patients were included, only one of whom responded to hormones.


With the advanced technology in this era, everybody must be quite familiar with the use of camera to take pictures, with different types of SLR camera or pocket camera, digital or manual, with very economic pricing to the most expensive ones, and even the camera which has become one of the features in cell phone. Eventhough there is a very easy access to photography, if one photographer does it without enough knowledge and technique of good photography, sometimes he will not be satisfied with the results. It will be best if a photographer understands a bit of the theories, so he can anticipate any problems which are sometimes caused by the limited features in some not so advanced cameras. And with several tips and tricks of the basic understanding in photography, he will be able to avoid such issues.


(57) Abstract: indeno - [1,2-c] -, naphtho [1,2-c] -, and benzo [6,7] descriptor [1, 2-c] compound is a derivative of pyrazole cyclohexylene are inhibitors of tyrosine kinase activity. Several tyrosine kinases that are inhibited the activity of these compounds, hyperproliferative disease, vascular neoplasia, involved in vascular hyperpermeability. Thus, these compounds, tumorigenesis, metastasis, vascular neoplasia, is vascular hyperpermeability or endothelial cell hyperproliferative improve pathology as factors.


Resumen en: We discuss a connection between three-dimensional Riemannian manifolds (§; °) admitting a special conformal Killing vector field » and static vacuum or ...


by Michele Chynoweth An ad mad is enlisted to stop a terrorist plot in a contemporary spin on the Bible story of Jonah that "will keep you riveted" (Delaware Today Magazine). Rory Justice leads a relatively normal life as a conservative, divorced, middle-aged executive for an ad agency. Until a deathbed wish by his father, a retired FBI agent, upends his calm world. He's been asked to hand-deliver a sealed letter to the Las Vegas sheriff's department. It details plans of a catastrophic act of terror: an underground nuclear bomb ready to be detonated in Sin City by a mad and ingenious band of extremists. His instinct is to run. But seeing his mission to the end is providence. Joining forces with the FBI and police lieutenant Susan McAfree, Rory is suddenly thrust into a life for which his he woefully unprepared. With only a matter of days to help uproot the insidious terrorists, and find the bomb, Rory is drawn deeper into a serpentine world of corruption, conspiracy, and impending catastrophe from which there may be no escape. And time is running out.


o ne of the most exciting and challenging applications of computer science and engineering lies in fostering international development. This area of work, known as ICT for development (ICTD), aims to use technology to address some of the most pressing global challenges faced by humanity, including provision of healthcare, education , finance, and agriculture in developing contexts. Yet ICTD offers numerous challenges for computer scientists. Solutions for the developing world need to be elegant and robust, but must also account for technical constraints like slow network speeds, storage issues, or a lack of relevant and local content. Moreover, ICTD solutions are not purely technological ; designers have to grapple with many founda-tional questions concerning the functional and technological literacy of target us-ers—what their income levels are, which organization will operate and maintain a system, and so on. This issue of XRDS focus-es on the unique challenges and opportunities within ICTD. To this end, we have collected a range of interviews and articles from authors in academia and research labs from around the globe. Our first two articles discuss healthcare. Atanu Ga-rai describes how mobile technologies can be used to provide healthcare delivery for developing populations. Suranga Kasthurirathne, a software developer, details his experiences with geographically distributed collaboration during the design of a module for OpenMRS, an open-source platform that supports the administration of medical records in developing countries. Turning to education, Arjumand Younos draws on her own experiences in Paki-stan to reflect on the potential benefits of free online education for students in developing countries. Sheena Lewis then expands the scope of ICTD to address crime prevention in low-income neighborhoods of Chicago, noting that residents are more concerned about their children's safety than health and poverty. Sumitra Nair relates her experiences accompanying ICTD developers during field visits and describes how developers occupy the position of problem solvers while being deeply entangled within their own fields and people. Sumitra's article is book-ended by two sets of interviews with leading researchers and academics in ICTD. In the first, we visit the thriving ICTD group at U.C. Berkeley and talk to Kentaro Toyama, Tapan Parikh, and Jenna Burrell. In the second, Astrid Twenebowa-Larssen, Joyojeet Pal, and Ed Cuttrell provide insights on doing ICTD work and offer advice for computer science students interested in the area. Reflecting on the critical issues of culture and power in ICTD, Samantha Merritt provides further encour-agement—and cautions— for …


Under the assumption of the underlying asset is driven by the mixed fractional Brownian motion,we obtain the mixed fractional Black-Scholes partial differential equation by fractional Ito formula,and the pricing formula of perpetual American option by this partial differential equation theory.


The invention provides a production method of a low carbon steel plate and the low carbon steel plate. The method comprises hot rolling, cold rolling and continuous annealing on a low carbon steel slab; the hot rolling comprises soaking, rough rolling and finishing rolling; the continuous annealing method comprises successive annealing treatment, aging treatment and secondary cooling treatment on low carbon steel subjected to cold rolling; and the low carbon steel subjected to hot finishing rolling is cooled to 670-720 DEG C with a cooling rate of 100-200 DEG C / s, and then cooled to 620-660 DEG C with a cooling rate of 10-20 DEG C / s for hot rolling batching. The low carbon steel obtained by the method provided by the invention has good mechanical properties, and can avoid cross striation generation.


In 1933 one of us 1 reported on the urea content of aqueous humor and of blood withdrawn simultaneously from the same animal. The concentration of urea in the aqueous humor was found to be about 18 per cent lower than that in the blood stream when equal volumes of fluid were compared. Calculations of the amount of urea per hundred cubic centimeters of water in aqueous humor and in blood showed that the aqueous contains about 25 per cent less urea than the blood. Since the urea in the blood is not bound by the proteins but is free and diffusible, it seemed probable that the membrane separating the two fluids is not inert but shows selective permeability and holds back the urea in the blood stream. The other alternatives are that the urea is destroyed in the anterior chamber after the aqueous has been formed, that the urea


The article presents elementary and complex computer attacks models, information security events and incidents models, and also describes software tool for information security incident management systems (SIEM systems) simulation testing, implemented as a complex computer attacks generator. It is designed to carry out a targeted attack on the nodes of the networkinfrastructure controlled by the SIEM system. Complex computer attacks that created in theform of network traffic are described by a scenario, the execution of which allows us to evaluatethe capabilities of SIEM to identify a wide range of information security threats - impacts onfiles, installation of remote administration utilities, changes in system configuration parameters, etc.


Experiments on pulsed laser deposition of Fe films on Si substrates were performed with the aim to analyze the role of factors determining the formation of an energy spectrum and a dose of ions bombarding the film in strong pulsed electric fields. The amplitude of the high-voltage pulse (−40kV) applied to the substrate and the laser fluence at the Fe target were fixed during the deposition. Owing to the high laser fluence (8J∕cm2) at a relatively low power (20mJ), the ionization of the laser plume was high, but the Fe vapor pressure near the substrate was low enough to avoid arcing. Electric signals from a target exposed to laser radiation were measured under different conditions (at different delay times) of application of electric pulses. The Si(100) substrates were analyzed using Rutherford ion backscattering∕channeling spectrometry. The ion implantation dose occurred to be the highest if the high-voltage pulse was applied at a moment of time when the ion component of the plume approached the substrate...


NEOPLASTIC disease in man is often accompanied by defective cellular immunity as manifested by tests for cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity1 or by more sophisticated methods related to the ability ...


This report presents results from a passenger survey on 15 highway ferry connections in Norway. Moss-Horten is the largest ferry service with an average annual daily traffic (ADT) of 4,749 vehicles. The smallest, Drag-Kjopsvik, has ADT of 163 vehicles. Traffic structure, the geographical area covered and seasonal variations also varies significantly across the respective services. The report includes a separate estimation of the amount of commuting traffic on the services based on data from the employment register provided by Statistics Norway.


A major driver of change in the Mekong River basin relates to hydropower development and the consequent changes in landscape and natural resource access regime that it induces. In this paper, we examine how the livelihoods of resettlers evolve following resettlement, and examine the determinants of that process. The study takes place in the context of the Theun Hinboun Expansion Project in Lao PDR. Based on longitudinal household surveys conducted before resettlement as well as 1, 2, and 3 years after reset-


In developmental biology an overwhelming amount of experimental data concerning patterns of gene expression is produced revealing the genetic layout of the embryo and finding evidence for anomalies. Genes are part of complex genetic cascades and consequently their study requires tools for handling combinatorial problems. Gene expression is spatio-temporal and generally, imagin is used to analyze expression in four dimensions. Reporting and retrieving experimental data has become so complex that printed literature is no longer adequate and therefore databases are being implemented. Zebrafish is a popular model system in developmental biology. We are developing a 3D digital atlas of the zebrafish embryo, which is envisaged as standard allowing comparisons of experimentally induced and normally developing embryos. This 3D atlas is based on microscopical anatomy. From serial sections 3D images are reconstructed by capturing section images and registering these images respectively. This is accomplished for al developmental stages. Data management is solved using XML which is platform independent, ASCII-based, interchangeable and allows easy browsing. Applying supervised segmentation accomplishes a completely anatomically annotated 3D image. It divides the image into domains required for comparison and mapping. Experts provided with dedicated software and Internet-access to the images review annotations. Complete annotation and review is stored in a database.


Power converter is the key element of the photovoltaic generation system. In order to improve the energy conversion efficiency and achieve an economic solution, hybrid cascade inverter (HCI) is employed and implemented to realize DC-AC conversion in this paper. HCI has a similar topology with conventional H-bridge cascade inverter, while the voltages of its DC buses are in a geometric sequence. In the inverter system developed in the paper, they are V0, 2V0 and 4V0 respectively. According to the unbalanced characteristics of DC buses, a control method is developed for HCI, which consists of stair-case wave modulation for high voltage H-bridges and carrier PWM for low voltage H-bridges. This control method can be used not only for the constant DC bus voltage, but also for the variable DC bus voltage to adapt PV array output voltages. The output waveforms and efficiency are evaluated through simulations by using PSPICE and MATLAB. Simulation results verify that the HCI is a high performance inverter with high efficiency (>98%) and low output harmonic components. A 4kW prototype is implemented and the experimental results validate the feasibility of the developed HCI system.


We construct couplings of n vector supermultiplets to d = 7,N = 2 supergravity with a three-index field. It is shown that this gauged theory is equivalent to its dual theory under the duality transformation in contrast with d = 7,N = 2 pure supergravity.


"<normal cycling." The other injuries followed various stunts, including cycling up ramps (three) or performing specificBMX tricks such as "aerials," "jumps," "American bunny hops," "endos," "wheelies," and so on. No biker had received any supervised training in BMX riding or the correct performance of stunts. Only one boy was known to be wearing any protective clothing (a helmet and elbow pads) and he was riding his bike on a recognised BMX track. No injuries occurred as a result of mechanical failure of a bicycle.


In this paper, the mechanism of the power lost in the reverberation chamber is analyzed and a model to calculate the absorption cross section of loaded object is introduced. The cavity quality factor Q can be obtained from calculating the absorption cross sections of loaded objects. The cavity Q is proportional to the frequency selected, the relative permittivity and inversely proportional to the average absorption cross section of the lossy objects.


Global Politics of HIV/AIDS: Local, National, and International Perspectives - P.G. Harris. Power and the Politics of HIV/AIDS - P.D. Siplon. Domestic Politics and Policy. Defying Globalization: Effective Self-Reliance in Brazil - A. de Mello e Souza. The Government-NGO Disconnect: AIDS Policy in Ghana - B. Haven and A.S. Patterson. Overcoming the Contradictions: Women, Autonomy, and AIDS in Tanzania - P.D. Siplon and K.M. Novotny. The Political Economy of HIV/AIDS in India - M. Vicziany. Prevention or Repression: Law Enforcement, Public Health, and HIV/AIDS in China - S.Y.P. Choi and R. David. Guilty as Charged: Accountability and the Politics of AIDS in France - M.J. Bosia. Shifting Priorities in US AIDS Policy - B.H. Shepard. International Politics. The UN and the Fight Against HIV/AIDS - A.S. Patterson. Trading Life and Death: AIDS and the Global Economy - A. Russell. Rhetoric and Reality: HIV/AIDS as a Human Rights Issue - J. Csete. International Relations and Global Ethics of HIV/AIDS - the Editors.


The dielectric constant and permeability of a metallic‐obstacle medium are obtained in this paper by various static methods. The equivalent shunt capacitive susceptance and series inductive reactance of the individual obstacles are also determined. In the first part of the paper, a correspondence is established between an infinitely thin conducting obstacle and an aperture in an infinitely thin conducting wall. With the aid of this correspondence, delay medium formulas are given for several obstacle shapes. Formulas are then derived for the effect on the magnetic field of moderate obstacle thickness. Finally, it is shown how the electric and magnetic constants may be evaluated by electrolytic tank measurements in the case of obstacles having completely arbitrary shape and thickness. This has been done for a typical delay medium, and the effect of obstacle thickness on the index of refraction is shown.


The sizes of leaves and division of biomass within leaves were examined for separate populations of Thelypteris dentata, Woodwardia virginica, and Osmunda regalis growing in sim- ilar habitats. All three species showed considerable variation in leaf characteristics. Thelypteris dentata had the densest population of leaves per m2, the greatest within-species variation in leaf length and weight, the greatest specific leaf area (area:weight), and the highest ratios of leaf length: mass and leaflet:stalk. Thelypteris dentata exhibited leaf characteristics indicative of a stress- tolerant strategy, whereas W. virginica and 0. regalis exhibited a number of the characteristics commonly associated with competitive plants. Life-history characteristics of seed plants have been used to identify strategies that have evolved to fit environmental characteristics. In the three-strategy, C-S-R model proposed by Grime (1979), plants exist in particular places at par- ticular times as a result of reaching an equilibrium between the intensities of stress, disturbance, and competition. Autecological studies of numerous plant species have allowed plant ecologists to generate a list of morphological, phys- iological, and life-history attributes associated with the three, main strategies; competitive, stress-tolerant, and ruderal (Grime et al., 1988). One characteristic used to distinguish between these strategies is growth, with the most rapid rates generally found in environments with abundant resources and relatively low disturbance, although plant species may differ widely in their relative rate of biomass production, even when grown as isolated individuals under productive conditions (Garnier, 1991). There are also differences in the growth of individual plants and of plant populations, which may be a mechanism whereby species with more competitive strategies rapidly monopolize resources and suppress the growth and regeneration of neighboring plants (Grime et al., 1988). A second suite of characteristics used to distinguish plant strategies are those related to the size and composition of supporting and photosynthetic structures. Biomass allocation is typically defined in terms of leaf, stem, and root weight ratios and allocation to leaves and stems is of particular importance (Lambers and Poorter, 1992). Patterns, as well as shifts in allocation patterns, reflect se- lective pressures and may be a measure of the adaptive significance associated with specific plant structures (Harper, 1977). Some ratios are plastic, even in response to small differences in local conditions (Dong, 1995). Therefore, leaves


The Neutral Red (NR) has been investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel (C-steel) in 1M perchloric acid using a weight loss method and theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The obtained results revealed that NR is an effective inhibitor and its inhibition efficiency increases with the increasing concentration to attain 89.50 % at 5•10-3 M at 293 K. The thermodynamic parameters as enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy for both dissolution and adsorption processes are calculated and discussed. Moreover, the free energy of adsorption showed that the corrosion inhibition takes place by a spontaneous physicochemical adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the C-steel surface. The results show that the calculated values of the quantum chemical parameters indicate a possible existing link between the effectiveness of the inhibitor and its electronic properties.


Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK) are said to have been in a "quasialliance" since the Cold War period, drawing closer at times during doubts over U.S. security commitment to Asia. In recent years, however, this status quo appears to have changed. Despite anxieties of U.S. retrenchment, the relations between the two states have hit an all-time low because of arguments over how the history of Japanese imperialism should be remembered, and they show no signs of improving. Does this mean that the quasi-alliance has ended? This article examines this question, and concludes that the quasi-alliance between Japan and South Korea has broken down because of escalating arguments over the "history issue." Japan-ROK bilateral relations are dogged by misunderstandings of each other, and that this is needlessly distancing the two states from one another. The termination of the Japan-ROK quasi-alliance because of the "history issue" is, on balance, a negative development for the security of the Asia-Pacific and a demonstration of short-term political judgement. If the two states are serious about resolving this deadlock, both need to overcome mutual stereotypes that are "taken for granted."


Provided is a multicore fiber 1 comprising a plurality of cores 5, a cladding 3 sheathing around the cores 5 and having a lower refractive index than the cores 5, and a sheathing resin 7 sheathing the cladding 3. The plurality of cores 5 together serve as a core group 5a. The cores 5 are arranged to have symmetry within the range of the core group 5a. In a cross section taken perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of the multicore fiber 1, the locations of the centers of the cladding 3 and the resin sheath are approximately aligned. On the other hand, in a cross section taken perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of the multicore fiber 1, the location of the center of the multicore fiber and the location of the center of the core group 5a are offset.


Quality evaluation, in particular chemical properties, of orange fruit commonly conducted by destructive method by extracting its juice. A near infrared spectrometer (NIRS) can be used to quantify orange chemical properties with non-destructive method. This research aimed to design a handheld NIRS using AS7263 sensor and Arduino programming to estimate the Siamesa orange quality in its acidity (pH), total soluble solids (TSS) and vitamin C. The AS7263 sensor has six NIR channels for different wavelengths, i.e. R (610 nm), S (680 nm), T (730 nm), U (760 nm), V (810 nm) and W (860 nm). For that, a performance test was carried out using 300 samples of orange. Result show that evaluation of orange quality in acidity and TSS has mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) < 10%, and the vitamin C shows > 10%. In addition, the estimation of orange chemical properties by backpropagation neural network (BPNN) yielded better results compared to simple regression and multiple regression methods.


The functions of a laser rangefinder on board an autonomous Martian roving vehicle are discussed. The functions are: (1) navigation by means of a passive satellite and (2) mid-range path selection and obstacle avoidance. The feasibility of using a laser to make the necessary range measurements is explored and a preliminary design is presented. The two uses of the rangefinder dictate widely different operating parameters making it impossible to use the same system for both functions.


Lactate measurements have become increasingly preferred over pH analysis in the evaluation of fetal acidaemia in labour. In a busy labour ward, often the umbilical cord may be sampled late and as a result yield unreliable lactate values.


Abstract Given an infinite subset
$\mathcal{A} \subseteq\mathbb{N}$
 , let A denote its smallest N elements. There is a rich and growing literature on the question of whether for typical
$\alpha\in[0,1]$
 , the pair correlations of the set
$\alpha A (\textrm{mod}\ 1)\subset [0,1]$
 are asymptotically Poissonian as N increases. We define an inhomogeneous generalisation of the concept of pair correlation, and we consider the corresponding doubly metric question. Many of the results from the usual setting carry over to this new setting. Moreover, the double metricity allows us to establish some new results whose singly metric analogues are missing from the literature.


Heat flow in welding is mainly due to heat input by welding source in a limited zone and it subsequent flow into body of work piece by conduction. A limited amount of heat loss is by a way of convection and radiation. Local Heating and cooling of metal shrinkage on solidification and structural change on solidification cause temperature distribution. In the present work, authors have investigated the width of HAZ with various process parameters like heat input & welding speed. In manual metal arc welding (MMAW), selecting appropriate values for process variables is essential in order to control heat-affected zone (HAZ) dimensions and get the required bead size and quality. In this study, the effect of various welding parameters on the weldability of Mild Steel specimens having dimensions 125mm× 75mm× 5 mm welded by manual metal arc welding (MMAW) for single V-Butt joint were investigated. The welding current, arc voltage, welding speed, heat input rate are chosen as welding parameters. The effect of these parameters on the size of Heat affected zone is investigated.


Herein we produce high-crystallinity graphite particles having high specific surface area by means of planetary ball milling under the well-controlled atmosphere. PtCl 4 -graphite intercalation compounds (PtCl 4 -GIC) are successfully synthesized as the catalyst for hydrogenation reaction of gaseous 1,3-butadiene. The effect of specific surface area and crystallinity of ground products on the synthesis for PtCl 4 -GICs is reported. Well-defined PtCl 4 -GIC was synthesized only by use of the ground graphite particles which have both high specific surface area and high-crystallinity. The resulting GIC is a candidate precursor for the hydrogenation catalyst.


Oxidative coupling of thiols to the corresponding symmetrical disulfides were performed in the presence of silica gel supported tributylammonium fluorochromate(VI), (TBAFC), and tributylammonium chlorochromate(VI), (TBACC). TriBAFC and TriBACC are versatile reagents for the effective and selective oxidation of organic substrates, in particular of thiol, in solution and under microwave conditions. Considerable improvements are observed in the presence of the microwave and making the work-up much more convenient.


EDITOR—Messages to prevent skin cancer should emphasise the need to cover up and stay out of the sun.1 They should also emphasise the biology …


This course serves as a basic introduction into the theory of stochastic integration. It is aimed at students with a basic knowledge in probability theory and analysis. The following topics will be covered : • Brownian motion. • Itô integration. • Itô formula. • Stochastic Differential equations • Introduction to rough paths theory. Sebastian Riedel (FernUniversität in Hagen)


A theoretical study is presented of the dynamics of resonant electron scattering from N2–Ar and N2–Ar2 van der Waals clusters. Using the results of quantum electron-molecule scattering calculations we analyze the effects of adjacent Ar atoms on the width and position of the low-energy 2Πg electron-scattering resonance of N2. The results indicate that the presence of the Ar atoms leads to positive energy shifts and an increase in the width of the resonance. The magnitude of these changes depended on the orientation of N2 relative to the Ar atoms and on the number of Ar atoms. Additionally, in some arrangements, the degenerate 2Πg resonance was split into two distinct resonances. Implications for electron scattering from N2 adsorbed on solid Ar surfaces are also discussed.


We monitored spatial distribution of nests of green turtles, Chelonia mydas, for three years at Tortuguero, Costa Rica. The beach was divided into three zones from water's edge to supralittoral vegetation depending on the extent of vegetation cover. The extent of shade affects the temperature of the nest and, ultimately, the sex of the offspring in that nest through environmental sex determination. Patterns of nest distribution among beach zones within and among years were evaluated both for the population and for individual turtles. Distribution of nests among the three zones varied among years. Individual turtles that nested three or more times within a season more often deposited clutches in more than one zone than in just one zone. Individual green turtles are more likely to conform to the population's pattern of nest distribution each year than to maintain their own individual pattern between years. Thus, annual factors apparently have a greater effect on nest placement than do individual nesting patterns. The lack of any consistent pattern of nest distribution may result from environmental uncertainty and low predictability of nest success. Because patterns of nest placement are not consistent either for the population or for individuals, we predict that primary sex ratios will vary from year to year for both the Tortuguero population and for the offspring of individual turtles. The distribution of nests of hawkbills, Eretmochelys imbricata, at Tortuguero within each year is not different from that of the green turtle.


The effect of 1% and 21% 02 upon 14CO2 assimilation by desert plants exposed for 10 to 90 seconds has been studied. The plants studied can be divided into three groups with respect to 02. The C3 plants display the usual Warburg effect. No changes could be observed in the intensity of photosynthesis as a function of 02 content in another group of plants (showing signs of Crassulacean acid metabolism). In still another group of plants (C4 plants) the stimulating effect of 02 on photosynthesis could be detected. In C3 plants, 02 inhibits the processing of carbon through the Calvin cycle intermediates. The involvement of carbon in the glycolate pathway fails to explain completely the inhibiting effect of 02 on photosynthesis. It is assumed that 02 inhibits the enzymes of the Calvin cycle. In C4 plants 02 stimulates the incorporation of 14C into malate and aspartate. The incorporation of 14C into the intermediates of the Calvin cycle in C4 plants is inhibited much like that in typical C3 plants. Research on the effects of 02 on photosynthesis and metabolism of desert plants is a continuation of the investigative project concerned with the ecology, physiology, and biochemistry of photosynthesis developed by the Laboratory of Photosynthesis of the Komarov Botanical Institute particularly in the field experiments performed in the hot desert of the Southeastern Kara-Kum (23). The results obtained in previous studies have been published (29, 34). Briefly they may be summarized as follows: Estimation of the intensity of the true (potential) photosynthesis (at 1% C02) performed by the "4CO2 method (31) in 30 edificator plant species compared with the assessment of the intensity of net photosynthesis by the conductometric technique (30) revealed large interspecies differences. For instance, the highest average intensity of the true and net photosynthesis over the growing


We use an evolutionary approach to find ``most appropriate'' dispersal
models for ecological applications. From a random walk with locally or
nonlocally defined transition probabilities we derive a family of diffusion
equations. We assume a monotonic dependence of its diffusion coefficient on
the local population fitness and search for a model within this class that
can invade populations with other dispersal type from the same class but is
not invadable itself. We propose an optimization technique using numerically
obtained principal eigenvalue of the invasion problem and obtain two
candidates for evolutionary stable dispersal strategy: Fokker-Planck
equation with diffusion coefficient decreasing with fitness and Attractive
Diffusion equation (Okubo and Levin, 2001) with diffusion coefficient
increasing with fitness. For FP case the transition probabilities are
defined by the departure point and for AD case by the destination point. We
show that for the case of small spatial variability of the population growth
rate both models are close to the model for ideal free distribution by
Cantrell et al. (2008).


We present a numerical solution of the chlorine-dioxide–iodine–malonic-acid reaction-diffusion system in two dimensions in a boundary-fed system using a realistic model. The bifurcation diagram for the transition from nonsymmetry-breaking structures along boundary feed gradients to transverse symmetry-breaking patterns in a single layer is numerically determined. We find this transition to be discontinuous. We make a connection with earlier results and discuss prospects for future work.


The achievements of The Wistar Institute during the 25 years of Hilary Koprowski's directorship really need no memorial because they constitute a substantial part of the corpus of recorded scientific knowledge. All the same it is a particular pleasure to help commemorate a remarkable man and place.


DNA methylation contributes to the regulation of gene expression and plays an important role in human embryonic development and oncogenesis. Nowadays, the determination of genomic DNA methylation is becoming hot topic in many fields and a lot of analytieal methods have been reported. Compared to traditional methods, the modern instrumental analyses, such as high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), bring huge application potentials in genomic DNA methylation analysis, due to its advantage of high selection, high throughout and low determination limits. The determination technologies of ge-nomic DNA methylation were summarized in this review.

Key words:
Tumor;  Embryonic development;  DNA methylation;  Quantitative analysis;  LC-MS/MS


This paper discusses the collapse behaviour of vehicle structures under quasi-static loading conditions. The finite element limit analysis for three-dimensional structures is formulated based on the duality theorem in plasticity. The analysis considers sequential deformation of structures with work-hardening effects. The collapse analysis for an S-shaped frame is conducted using both the limit analysis program developed here and the commercial code ABAQUS. Results show a good agreement in load-carrying capacity and deformation mode predictions. Example studies also demonstrate that the method presented can be used to identify the weak part of a structure and change its design to enhance the load-carrying capacity and reduce vehicle passenger compartment distortions.


In this research, we propose an architectural solution to implement file transfer service (FTP) in IPv6 environment network. IPv6 is considered to be the next-generation Internet protocol. Thus, this study is to analyze the size of files transfer performance and to measure Quality of Service (QoS) delivered by IPv6 using best effort approach in comparison to IPv4. This study primarily focuses on file transfer speed quality of FTP. In the experiment, both host clients and routers utilize the same technical specification. In the same study also, network management system (NMS) is used to monitor and to capture the performance of file transfer in IPv6 and IPv4 environment. Based on the finding result, it shows that there is a slight but significant difference in file transfer performance between dual stack tunnelling IPv4 and IPv6 protocol. Small size file transfer will result in lower and same delay performance outcome for both IPv4 and IPv6, while large size file transfer over IPv6 will result in higher delay performance as compared to IPv4. In short, the significant result of IPv6 delay is slightly higher than IPv4. Hence, the quality of FTP might be decreased if dual stack tunnelling is implemented in IPv6 environment. Nevertheless, Link Efficiency and compression technique are able to lower the delay performance on file transfer over IPv6 environment.


Clinical Presentation 1: A 68-year-old man with a history of treated dyslipidemia was admitted with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (MI). Coronary angiography showed a thrombotic subtotal occlusion of the proximal dominant right coronary artery and 50% stenosis in the mid left anterior descending and first obtuse marginal arteries. He underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to the proximal right coronary artery with a second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES). How do you decide on the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in this individual?

Clinical Presentation 2: An 81-year-old woman weighing 52 kg with a history of hypertension and gastroesophageal reflux disease presented with Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III stable angina. Myocardial perfusion imaging showed a moderate area of anterior ischemia. At coronary angiography, she had an eccentric 95% calcified lesion in the mid left anterior descending artery. She also had mild disease (≈30% stenosis) in the proximal right coronary and mid left circumflex coronary arteries. The left anterior descending artery was stented with a second-generation DES. How do you apply the evidence for DAPT in this patient?

DAPT with aspirin and a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor is an essential component of the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and those undergoing PCI. DAPT after ACS reduces death and MI compared with aspirin alone, both in patients treated with PCI and in those who are managed conservatively.1–3 After elective PCI for stable coronary disease, DAPT reduces ischemic events and stent thrombosis (ST).4,5 However, these benefits come at the cost of increased risk of bleeding,6 raising the question about how to best balance efficacy and safety in determining the duration of DAPT.

### What Is the Evidence?

Current treatment guidelines recommend 1 year of DAPT after ACS.7–9 This recommendation is based largely on the duration of treatment in …


Dear editor: Mitochondria are crucial organelles that generate ATP for cell survival. Mitochondria continuously change their morphology via fusion/fissionmachinery in order tomaintain the homeostasis of the mitochondrial population in response to different external and internal stresses via mitochondrial quality controlmechanisms.Mitochondrial quality control is mediated by mitophagy pathways that transfer damaged mitochondria to lysosomes for degradation or other secretory/exocytosis pathways that release mitochondria into the extracellular matrix. Three main mitophagy pathways, namely, the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin signaling pathway, the BCL2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and BNIP3-like (BNIP3L), also known as NIX, BNIP3/NIX signaling pathway, and the hypoxia-induced FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) signaling pathway, were shown to participate in mitochondrial quality control, especially in neuron cells.1 Moreover, mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) can selectively bud off damagedmitochondria upon Drp1-mediated fission and microtubule-associated motor proteins (MIROs)-mediated transportation2 or this budding can occur independently of fission machinery. In addition, damaged mitochondria can also be transported into migrasomes and subsequently removed from migrating cells.3 PINK1/Parkin signaling is activated upon mitochondrial depolarization, which induces PINK1 stabilization on the mitochondrial outer membrane and recruits Parkin to translocate to mitochondria and interact with Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2). Drp1, which is a cytosolic mitochondrial fission regulator that translocates to the mitochondrial outer membrane at mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum contact site to constrictmitochondria for further segregation, has been found to participate in mitophagy.4 However, other studies have reported that Drp1 is involved in Parkin-independent mitophagy. In primary culture cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cardiac cell line, the relationship between Drp1 and the autophagic process has been studied, but the relationship between Drp1 and PINK1/Parkin


In this paper, we propose a multiple access scheme using MHP(Modified Hermite Polynomial) pulse and ternary code for high-data and low-data rate for Out-body WBAN(Wireless Body Area Network). To satisfy the requirement of WBAN system, UWB-IR has been considered as a promising candidate for Out-body WBAN. The proposed multiple access scheme, using orthogonal MHP pulse and ternary code sets, reduces multi-user interference and distinguishes user signal from multi-user signals. We propose two algorithms for synchronous and asynchronous WBAN system. The symbol is constructed by MHP pulses and time hopping duration to reduce multi-user interference in the synchronous WBAN system. The symbol also is constructed by ternary code to avoid collision between pulse trains in the asynchronous WBAN system. The results of the proposed multiple access scheme show a clear improvement of BER.


Abstract Although solo female vocalists do not have "hit" recordings with the same frequency that male vocalists do, they have, especially during certain periods, achieved considerable public acceptance. This paper presents the fluctations in popularity of solo female vocalists relative to other artist types and examines sound and lyric content of number one records to show that female vocalists "hit" with the same kind of material that other artist types do during any particular historical period. Examination of popularity cycles reveals female solo vocalist popularity follows and for a time coincides with periods of male solo vocalist popularity. Moreover, female artist ascendency occurs in times of industry stability. This evidence suggests an essentially conservative nature to music productions by this artist type.


Acute and chronic vision loss due to neuromyelitis optica (NMO) can be difficult to distinguish from optic neuritis associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other causes of visual loss. This is especially true in cases where classic findings of multiple spinal cord level involvement with transverse myelitis is not present and in cases where an IgG1 autoantibody (NMO‐IgG) that binds aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is not present at the time of visual loss. A number of studies have compared features of the inner retina defined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in NMO and in MS and have found that patients with NMO have much greater axonal loss when matched for final visual acuity at the chronic phase. During acute visual loss, scanning laser polarimetry (SLP‐GDx) is abnormal before changes in OCT features are apparent. This is due to an acute disorganization of axon microfilaments and microtubules that appears to predict final outcome. At the sub‐acute phase (2‐4 weeks), the retinal ganglion cell layer thickness shows thinning before the retinal nerve fiber layer becomes thin. The literature will be reviewed on structural features in the acute, sub‐acute and chronic phases of vision loss in optic neuropathy.


The present study is concerned with the tilted flow system effect on the flow between two coaxial cones. Our primary interests are to carry out a systematic experimental study, focusing on analysis of laminar-turbulent regime to highlight the appearance of different instability modes. The inner cone is rotating and the outer one is at rest. Both cones have the same apex angle ɸ resulting in a constant width of the gap so that δ= d/R1max = 0.12 case of small gap configuration. The working fluid is Newtonian and has constant properties as density and viscosity within the range of the required experimental conditions. The observed phenomena were described for different aspect ratio Γ=H/d in the range of 15.5 ≤ Γ≤ 32 and on the angular range 0° ≤α≤90° from the vertical axis ( α= 0). These observations are carried out using two kind of visualization techniques (transmission and reflexion of the naturel light). The various obtained results are analyzed and compared systematically to the properties established in the case of vertical flow system.


Senses and Meanings of Teaching, according to a Beginning Teacher. The article discusses how a beginning teacher from São Paulo public education system feels and means her profession, a theme that is highlighted in the low attractiveness of the teaching profession scenario. The results indicate the work felt as emotional stress generator, being the initial years lived with difficulty and with a desire to leave the profession. After a brief mapping of existing policies to support beginning teachers, the study points to aspects that deserve attention from the government, like the creation of systematic supporting and welcoming policies to these professionals. Finally, it is suggested the implementation of professional learning communities where beginners can find, when needed, resources, guidance and professional development.