Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents provides readers, both in the research as well as clinical arenas, with a thorough and comprehensive overview of the understanding of the underlying processes for anxiety disorders in both children and adolescents. In the second edition, the authors have added extensive up-to-date research findings that were not available at the time of the first edition as well as suggestions for future investigations. The book is divided into four sections, focusing on historical and conceptual issues, the biology of child and adolescent anxiety, environmental influences on child and adolescent anxiety, and prevention and treatment of child and adolescent anxiety. Section 1 focuses on historical and conceptual issues. Starting with chapter 1, this book presents a wealth of information on historical perspectives, compiling narratives of descriptions of anxiety from Hippocrates through the middle ages, when anxiety was seen as the work of the devil. Early definitions of obsessivecompulsive disorder as well as the origins of anxiety are described. The factors identified in the later half of the 19th century including illnesses in parents, illnesses in mothers during pregnancy, and the role of parenting, among others, are discussed. Chapter 2 deals with clinical phenomenology and both the categorical and dimensional approaches to defining anxiety. Assessment methods using unstructured, semistructured, and structured interviews are presented as well as self-report measures that provide quick and cost-efficient ways of assessing a child's anxiety. A thorough discussion of the prevalence and the epidemiology is covered in chapter 3, including the results of a thorough meta-analysis of 55 data sets. This chapter covers the prevalence rates for each age group as well as the lifetime associations between anxiety disorders and other illnesses such as depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and substance use disorders. The findings that panic disorders were more likely to occur in adolescents than in young children as well as the fact that children with separation anxiety are more likely than other children to begin drinking earlier are important findings for prevention efforts and for clinical practice. Chapter 4 provides several explanations for the evolution of cognitive processes in children's development and for the change in the nature of children's fears (loud noises, loss of physical support, etc.). The effects of sex, culture, and socioeconomic variables on the development of fear are discussed. Ethnic minority children display higher levels of fear and anxiety than the majority culture does. The chapter includes discussion of vulnerability factors such as biological sensitivities and cognitive distortions that contribute to turning normal fears to more pathological states of anxiety. The studies on social anxiety reviewed in chapter 5 point to the importance of distinguishing among the different aspects of social anxiety such as public speaking and performance anxiety including the different ages of onset for these different aspects. The authors point out that the normal increase in social evaluation makes adolescents specifically sensitive to negative evaluation by peers, especially when feedback from peers is negative. The extensive research presented in chapter 6 supports the notion that both clinically and nonYclinically anxious children demonstrate information processing biases for threat. Clinically anxious children and adolescents increasingly interpret ambiguous situations in a threatening way. Chapter 7 focuses on the adult models of anxiety. Even though research in this area is in its early stages, the models developed for social phobia, generalized anxiety disorders, and obsessivecompulsive disorders have applicability for younger populations. Section 2 of the book presents the biology of child and adolescent anxiety. Starting with the genetic basis of anxiety in chapter 8, the authors review how age, sex, or rater differences influence the heritability estimates of anxiety. Twin studies have been helpful in highlighting the role of nonshared environment in genetic risk. An exhaustive review of the existing literature of genetic studies is offered, pointing to contributions by serotonergic genes, genes associated to catechol-O-methyl transferase, dopamine receptor genes, as well as genes for gamma-aminobutyric acid, corticotropin-releasing factor, and brain derived neurotrophic factor systems. This chapter also includes discussions of endophenotypes aswell as epigenetic changes mediated through changes in DNA methylation, with cited examples such as the research studies done of maternal grooming of rat pups influencing stress resilience. In chapter 9, Pine has written a comprehensive chapter that provides a framework for conceptualizing the influences of genes and the environment on the brain. These influences, in turn, shape information processing that mediates individual differences in behavior. It reviews existing mechanisms for processes involved in anxiety states such as threat appraisal, fear conditioning, and reward processing. Chapter 10 focuses on the construct that temperament, personality, and psychopathology fit together in a hierarchical model, with direct and indirect bidirectional effects between constructs. Behavioral inhibition, parenting styles, and higher-order temperamental dimensions of negative affectivity/neuroticism and effortful control and their relationship to anxiety are examined thoroughly. Section 3 focuses on several environmental factors that influence anxiety disorders. Chapter 11 is a detailed review of the role of learning in the development of anxiety disorders via different pathways that involve verbal threat information, vicarious experience, and direct conditioning. Schematic models of fear acquisition are presented and discussed. Chapter 12 focuses on the clinical and diagnostic features of posttraumatic stress reactions as well as frequency, risk of exposure, and developmental and cultural issues implicated in the reaction to trauma. Chapter 13 is an extensive, comprehensive, and detailed chapter on attachment theory and its link to anxiety. The authors review empirical methods to test attachment in both children and adolescents and adults. The studies that examine the link between insecure attachment and anxiety disorders arewell described as are themechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders in children. This chapter offers key practice guidelines for both the assessment as well as the therapy of children with anxiety disorders that will be extremely valuable to clinicians. In chapter 14, the authors explore the evidence of the role of parenting, learning processes of modeling, and information transfer in the development of anxiety disorders as well as the role of parental control and the cognitive way by which it influences anxiety. They conclude that ''increased parental control can lead to increased anxiety'' (p. 307). Some of the parenting practices and behaviors may respond to interventions and may bring benefit to anxious children. Chapter 15 presents the aspects of peer processes that are associated with anxiety symptoms and the evidence that supports the concept that aversive peer processes like peer victimization and rejection contribute directly to anxiety, especially social anxiety. In addition to highlighting the measures used for assessing peer variables, the authors review cognitive behavioral therapy interventions for the socially anxious youth. Section 4 of the book focuses on the prevention and treatment of child and adolescent anxiety. In addition to an extremely detailed and comprehensive chapter that focuses on psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, this section contains a chapter dedicated to exploring universal prevention programs as well as selective programs for preschool children with high behavioral inhibition, for children whose parents have an anxiety disorder, and for those who are exposed to stressful events. The authors highlight barriers to the implementation of prevention programs such as issues of consent and engagement. A new addition to the second edition of the book is BOOK REVIEWS


Smart-card based password authentication has been the most widely used two-factor authentication (2FA) mechanism for security-critical applications (e.g., e-Health, smart grid and e-Commerce) in the past decades, and it is likely to hold its status in the foreseeable future. Hundreds of this type of 2FA schemes have been proposed, yet to our knowledge, most of them are built on the intractability of conventional hard problems (e.g., discrete logarithm problems and integer factoring problems) which are no longer hard in the quantum era. With the recent advancements in quantum computing, the design of secure and efficient smart-card based password authentication schemes against quantum attacks is becoming increasingly urgent. However, it is not as simple as it seems, how to design such a quantum-resistant 2FA scheme is challenging due to the demanding security requirements and the resource-constrained nature of mobile devices. In this work, we take the first step towards this issue by proposing Quantum2FA, a practical quantum-resistant smart-card-based password authentication scheme that employs Alkim et al.'s lattice-based key exchange and Wang-Wang's "fuzzy-verifier + honeywords" technique (IEEE TDSC'18). Particularly, Quantum2FA can thwart the newly revealed key-reuse attack (ACISP'18, CT-RSA'19) against lattice-based key exchange schemes in two aspects: signal leakage attacks and key mismatch attacks. Specifically, it restricts the necessary conditions (i.e., the attacker must be the initiator of the key exchange) for an adversary to analyze the signal; It introduces honeywords to detect the key mismatches between the smart card and the server, and thus smart card loss attack can be thwarted. We formally prove the security of Quantum2FA under the random oracle model and demonstrate its efficiency through experiments on a 32 MHz 8-bit AVR Embedded Processor. Comparison results show that Quantum2FA is not only more secure but also offers better computation efficiency than the state-of-the-art conventional 2FA schemes.


The nutrition of astronautics during long flights is discussed, especially with respect to the changes brought about in the body by the condition of weightlessness.


The paper introduces the development and application of management information system for hemodialysis center in the 161th Hospital of PLA,analyzes routine working demand as well as the workflow in the center,concretely clarifies system's function design. It points out that this system can share information with hospital information system,realize the digitalized management for patients' medical information and promote working efficiency.


ABSTRACT A new procolophonid, Libognathus sheddi, gen. et sp. nov. is reported from the Cooper Canyon Formation (Dockum Group; Upper Triassic: lower Norian) near Post, Texas. This is the first published description of an unequivocal procolophonid from the Upper Triassic of the southwestern United States. Some of the distinctive characters of Libognathus are the deep dentary, large anteriorly directed foramen on the lateral dentary surface, and the forward projecting coronoid. Libognathus provides a good example of tooth replacement and implantation, which are poorly known in procolophonids. The implantation is protothecodont, with the teeth set in sockets and firmly anchored by spongy bone of attachment. The stages of replacement are of the typical reptilian pattern. Libognathus is closely related to Hypsognathus from the Passaic Formation (Norian) of New Jersey, and correlative strata in Connecticut and Nova Scotia.


Dynamic recurrent neural networks have become popular for use in non-linear control due to recent developments concerning their use in control strategies such as the Internal Model Control (IMC) and Global Linearisation Control (GLC). In both strategies a neural network is used to model the non-linear plant, and from this model a control rule is formulated so that the cascaded system of plant-model-controller becomes linear in behaviour. Investigators have referred to IMC as an inputoutput approach and GLC as an input-state-output approach. It has been speculated that there exist and equivalence in these two strategies. In this paper we examine both control strategies and demonstrate the conditions under which the two are equivalent. The conditions are tested in simulations by implementing the two strategies to control a simple nonlinear plant, using first an exact model of the plant, then a model that contains some errors and finally with a dynamic recurrent neural network that has been trained as a model of the plant. Index Terms Internal Model Control, Globally Linearising Control, Dynamic Recurrent Neural Networks, Non-linear systems, Differential Geometry. I. INTERNAL MODEL CONTROL Internal Model Control (IMC) first appeared in the 80's as a result of the dissatisfaction of the then available control system design methods and their ability to effectively deal with process control applications, and of the availability of increased-powered computer hardware. The basic IMC structure was extensively examined as a linear control strategy by Garcia and Morari in 1982 [1], and further as a non-linear controller in [2]. A. IMC Formulation Consider the classic control structure of Fig. 1(a). In this structure the error due to feedback is calculated as: ref plant ref model plant model e y y y y y y = − = + − − (1) Equation (1) transforms our system of Fig. 1(a) to an equivalent form illustrated in Fig. 1(b). By setting as a new controller 1 c m C G C G = + ⋅ , the IMC structure is formulated. Because the block diagrams illustrated in Fig. 1 are equivalent, the advantages of the transformation are not apparent at a first glance. In reality according to [1], the controller of the form of Gc is much easier to design than C, and the IMC structure allows for robustness to be included in a very explicit manner. Fig. 1 (a) Classical control system, (b) IMC structure In order for the IMC structure to work though, it is necessary for certain conditions to hold [1]: 1) The plant model is an exact match to the plant. 2) The inverse of the model exists and it is stable. If these conditions hold, then the IMC structure has three very important properties: 1) Dual Stability Criterion: when the model is exact then the stability of both controller and plant is sufficient to guarantee overall system stability. 2) Perfect Control: when the model is exact, and the controller is the inverse of the model, then the control is perfect and the plant output is equal to the reference signal. 3) Zero offset: if the model is exact, the controller is the inverse of the model and the overall system is stable, then there will be no offset in the plant output if the reference signal is asymptotically constant. In IMC the controller Gc is formulated in two steps. The first involves the construction of the inverse of the model. In the second step, an additional linear filter is incorporated to provide the system with robustness in the face of possible modelling errors, by reducing the loop gain. Additionally, it serves the purpose of transferring the error signal to the appropriate input range for the inverse. In literature [2] three ways have been proposed for formulating the inverse. First it is possible to use a different network to act as the inverse of the original network model [3]. This procedure though involves additional training, and furthermore it does not guarantee that the inverse will completely cancel out the plant/model dynamics, as it is possible for modelling errors to exist in the inverse network, accumulating to the possible modelling errors in the model. A second way of formulating an inverse is through numerical computation methods. These methods can prove to be computationally expensive, and difficult to implement in real time [1, 2]. Finally, it is possible to analytically design the inverse from the model using the Hirschorn inverse. Although this method is more straightforward and easy to implement than training an inverse network and using numerical computation, it has inherent problems of stability and is not easy to implement in real systems [4, 5]. This problem can possibly be overcome, by considering an input-stateoutput approach in designing and implementing the IMC. Besides the inherent problems involved, we will be using the Hirschorn inverse to formulate the IMC controller. B. The Hirschorn Inverse Consider the following control affine non-linear system: ( ) ( ) ( ) x f x g x u y h x = +   =  & (2) Assuming that this system has relative order r, then according to the definition of relative order [6]:


The reaction of enol trimethylsilyl ethers of carbonyl compounds with (1H,1H-perfluoroalkyl)phenyliodonium triflates was promoted successfully by potassium fluoride in dichloromethane at room temperature, giving β-perfluoroalkyl (Rf; CF3, C2F5, i-C3F7, n-C7F15) carbonyl compounds in good yields. An enol silyl ether of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound gave a δ-Rf-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound selectively.


Springer, Victor G. Pacific Plate Biogeography, with Special Reference to Shorefishes. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 367, 182 pages, 65 figures, 5 tables, 1982.—It is the thesis of this study that the Pacific lithospheric plate (Pacific Plate) forms a major subunit of the Indo-Pacific biogeographic region. This thesis is defended on two primary grounds: the sharp decrease in numbers of taxa as one proceeds eastward across the western margin of the Pacific Plate, and the presence of a high degree of endemism on the Plate. The complex geotectonic history of the Plate and adjacent plate margins is discussed and the vicariance scenarios that produced the three main types of endemism (widely distributed Plate endemism, endemism restricted to a limited region on the Plate, and endemism restricted to single islands or island groups) are hypothesized. Anecdotal discussions of the distributions of 179 shorefish family groups are presented, as well as discussions of the distributions of selected terrestrial and marine taxa of other organisms. Particular attention is given to presumed erroneous or exceptional distributions of fishes on the Pacific Plate, including, but not limited to, north-south disjunct distributions, Hawaiian Islands' exceptional distributions, and distributions involving the Caroline Islands, which serve as stepping stones for dispersal onto the Pacific Plate. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavemosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Springer, Victor Gruschka, 1928Pacific Plate biogeography, with special reference to shorefishes. (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 367) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:367 1. Fishes—Indo-Pacific Region—Geographical distribution. 2. Biogeography—Indo-Pacific Region. 3. Fishes—Pacific Ocean—Geographical distribution. 4. Geology—Pacific Ocean. I. Title. II. Title: Shorefishes. III. Series. QL1.S54 no. 367 [QL623.98] 591s [591.92'5] 82-600146 AACR2


This article suggests a new approach to handling voice communications, based on the joint application of wavelet analysis and neural networks. One of the most effective methods of speech signals currently performing wavelet analysis. The use of large-scale analysis allows estimating the speech signal as from the point of view of the spectrum and temporal variation. The advantages of wavelet neural network for the multi-layer network.


This paper analyzes on the basic variation of professional school library in the knowledge-based economy times and on the influence of the knowledge-based economy on the educational work of professional school, and connecting with the reality, puts forward some operational countermeasures for speeding up the modernization construction of professional school library.


Background and Objective: In high plants, the 70 kDa heat stress proteins (Hsp70-s) have been regarded as one of the vital components of the cellular network of chaperones and folding catalysts that play important roles in numerous biological processes during growth and development. The Hsp70 families have been reported in many plant species, unfortunately, no information on this important protein family in papaya (Carica papaya). The objective of this study was to provide comprehensive information on the CpHsp70 family in papaya. Materials and Methods: The CpHsp70 genes in the papaya genome were identified by a basic local alignment search tool against the papaya genome database by using well-known Arabidopsis Hsp70-s. Sequences were then analyzed by various bioinformatics tools to investigate the characteristics of the CpHsp70 family. Results: A total of 12 members of the CpHsp70 family has been identified and characterized in papaya. By using various computational tools, these results revealed that all general characteristics of the CpHsp70 family, like physic-chemical parameters, gene structure, phylogenetic tree and subcellular localization were provided. The transcriptome atlas was applied to re-analyze the expression patterns of genes encoding the CpHsp70 family in major tissues/organs during the growth and development of papaya plants. Conclusion: Results from this work exhibited the characteristics and expression analysis of the CpHsp70 genes of this important tropical fruit crop. Taken together, this study could provide a solid foundation of the CpHsp70 family, which will be helpful in the construction of stress tolerance in papaya plants.


Objective. To evaluate handling procedures in captivity of mature specimens, with reproduction purposes, of doncella Ageneiosus pardalis, and to present the first advance in the description of embryonic and larval development for the species. Materials and methods. Several reproduction tests were carried out in specimens maintained in captivity, as follows: a) Spermiation and ovulation were induced with Carp pituitary extract CPE (4 mg/kg; an intraperitoneal dose for spermiation) and (0.5 and 5 mg/kg; intraperitoneal for ovulation, 0 and 12 hours); b) only females maintained in tanks, without males present, were induced. Eggs obtained from tanks were recollected and observed. Results. Ovulation and spermiation were verified, but embryonic development was not advanced when gametes were mixed and incubated. Testing with induced females, without males present, confirms sperm storage in ovaries, and eggs show a complete embryonic development, achieving hatching of larvae and maintenance of young fish. Conclusions. The conventional protocol using induction was effective in females and males, but the mixed products did not prove to be a viable procedure for seed production in the species. Sperm storage in females and spontaneous emission of fertilized eggs in their habitat, when they were subjected to induction, was confirmed. Form and sperm as well as physiological mechanisms occurring in fertilization are unknown.


This study focuses on Latino families' involvement in their children's mathematics teaching and learning. Our goal in this paper is to try to understand the nature of this involvement from a sociocultural point of view. Through parents' voices we explore possible ways of inclusion that may allow Latino families to overcome social and educational exclusion. We examine the kinds of strategies that Latino mothers in our study used to overcome some of the barriers that affect their children's learning of mathematics.


EPSTEIN, L.H., and J.N. ROEMMICH. Reducing sedentary behavior: role in modifying physical activity. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 29, No. 3, pp 103–108, 2001. Decreased physical activity is associated with the increased incidence of obesity. Behavioral economic research demonstrates that reducing sedentary behaviors in children increases physical activity. Understanding how people choose physical or sedentary activities can aid in developing public health initiatives that increase access to physical activity, while reducing access to sedentary behaviors.


Correct management of traumatized eye is a complicated task needing a sound evaluation of the extent of trauma. An initial history, physical examination and judicious use of Para clinical techniques to determine the extent of injury and construct a prognostic view in mind, are a prerequisite to correct surgical approach to a traumatized globe. The vitreoretinal surgeon is usually not the first physician to see the patient and is consulted for management after a primary ophthalmologist has either repaired an open globe, or has diagnosed the open globe injury or presence of IOFB. For this reason, the primary steps of management of an open globe, although of outmost importance, are not addressed in this chapter.


Some studies have suggested cannabis use as a risk factor for psychosis, but these studies failed to control for predisposition to psychosis and other


As a part of The Open University's OpenScience Laboratory, we are developing a 3D simulation of a Geology field trip based around Skiddaw in the Lake District, using the Unity software (http://unity3d.com/) and in collaboration with Daden (http://www.daden.co.uk/). During this session, we will give a demonstration of this 3D virtual geology field trip and discuss our rationale of developing a 3D simulation of a geology field trip. We will discuss the technological challenges of developing this application in Unity 3D. We will outline the opportunities that Unity 3D offers in developing 3D educational environments.


Objective: To explore enteral feeding practices and the achievement of energy targets in children on Non-invasive respiratory support (NRS), in four European Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs).
Design: A four centre retrospective cohort study
Setting: Four PICUs: Bristol UK, Lyon France, Madrid Spain, Rotterdam the Netherlands.
Patients: Children in PICU who required acute NRS in the first 7 days. The primary outcome was achievement of standardised kcal/goal.
Interventions: Nil
Measurements and Main Results: 325 children were included (Bristol 104; Lyon 99; Madrid 72; Rotterdam 50). The median (IQR) age and weight were 3 months (1-16) and 5 Kg (4-10) respectively, with 66% admitted with respiratory failure. There were large between-centre variations in practices. Overall, 190/325 (58.5%) received NRS in order to prevent intubation and 41.5% after extubation. The main modes of NRS used were high-flow nasal cannula 43.6%, bilevel positive airway pressure 33.2% and continuous positive airway pressure 21.2% Most children (77.8%) were fed gastrically (48.4% continuously) and the median time to first feed after NRS initiation was 4 hours (IQR 1-9). The median percentage of time a child was nil per oral whilst on NRS was 4 hours (2-13). Overall, children received a median of 56% (25%-82%) of their energy goals compared to a standardised target of 0.85 of the recommended dietary allowance. Patients receiving step-up NRS (p=<0.001), those on BLPAP or CPAP (compared to HFNC) (p =<0.001) and those on continuous feeds (p =<0.001) achieved significantly more of their kcal goal. GI complications varied from 4.8 – 20%, with the most common reported being vomiting in 54/325 (16.6%), other complications occurred in 40/325 (12.3%) children, but pulmonary aspiration was rare 5/325 (1.5%).
Conclusions: Children on NRS tolerated feeding well, with relatively few complications, but prospective trials are now required to determine the optimal timing and feeding method for these children.


We study dynamics of quantum nonlocality and entanglement for a two-mode squeezed vacuum state in a phase damping channel. After getting the explicit expression of the density evolution operator of the system, we uncover the nonlocality of the state by introducing appropriate Bell operator based on the 'pseudospin operator'. The property of the entanglement for the state is also clear from the calculation of relative entropy of entanglement.


The National Institutes of Health, led by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, organized a working group of experts to discuss the problem of weight regain after weight loss. A number of experts in integrative physiology and behavioral psychology were convened with the goal of merging their perspectives regarding the barriers to scientific progress and the development of novel ways to improve long‐term outcomes in obesity therapeutics. The specific objectives of this working group were to: (1) identify the challenges that make maintaining a reduced weight so difficult; (2) review strategies that have been used to improve success in previous studies; and (3) recommend novel solutions that could be examined in future studies of long‐term weight control.


Two new species of Ephedra L. for flora of the Russian Far East was revealed in Primorsky Ter- ritory. Localities of Eurasian- Mediterranean species E. distachya L. and West Asian-Central Asian species E. equisetina Bunge was founded on sandy-pebble maritime terrace in mouth of Kievka River area. Data on size and abundance of the both species populations are given. It is noted, the plants of both species in these habitats by all appearances occurs by vegetative way only. The geographic isola- tion of revealed locations of both species and state of plants in its habitats in Primorye indicate on relic status of these populations.


Social network analysis is changing the way HIV prevention strategies are designed and ultimately how HIV transmission is viewed in epidemiological circles. What began as research on kinship structures in the field of anthropology and small group studies in social psychology has evolved into a powerful body of research on sexual networks that is particularly pertinent to HIV prevention efforts. This new knowledge broadens the focus from individuals to the web of relationships that encompass the individual. These romantic and sexual partnerships form the dynamic network along which disease travels. The implications of this conceptual shift are profound reshaping how and for whom interventions are designed. Morris Levine and Weaver 2004 Source: Moody and Morris (2000) unpublished. For the last three decades the core group concept has guided intervention strategies for sexually transmitted infections. STI prevention and treatment strategies targeted the few active individuals who repeatedly became infected and were responsible for a disproportionate share of the caseload. This strategy became less useful within the context of HIV an incurable infection and chronic disease. (excerpt)


Tronster Hartley is a senior programmer at Firaxis Games, the video game development company best known for its Civilization series, as well as president of Geek House Games. In this interview with Crossroads, he explains how his career path was influenced by not only his computer science education, but also his willingness to experiment with game-making and interact with new people on his own time. Crossroads: Can you explain what the difference is between your two jobs, Firaxis and Geek House Games? Tronster Hartley: Sure. Firaxis Games is my day job. I work it Monday through Friday, roughly 40 hours a week, but during crunch time [when extreme overtime occurs in order for the company to meet its deadline] a little bit more. Geek House Games is more of a personal passion. On nights and weekends, myself along with other professionals, students, and indies [independent game developers] come together to work on a game that will go into realms that we might not have a chance to explore in our day-today activities. Crossroads: Can you talk a little bit about why having something like Geek House Games is important, not just to you personally, but in terms of your career development? TH: Before I even started working full-time in the game industry, I was always fascinated by games. I loved playing them. I would tinker around and make them in college during spring break. After working a computer programming-based job in a few business sectors, I realized my passion for games had not been diminishing. I really missed doing game projects that were structured and organized and I wanted something that would hold me accountable to finishing a game. My hard drive had half a dozen or a dozen projects that were started but never completed. I realized in order to hold myself accountable, it was important to establish a business entity and strive to make some sort of goal with milestones and deadlines that would force me to finish a game. Once every year, I intend to submit a game to the IGF [Independent Games Festival, an annual competition that is well-recognized in the video game development industry for introducing experimental and innovative concepts]. Making games in my spare time, even before working full time for a AAA studio, actually helped get me a leg up when I started interviewing at some of the game studios. One thing I …


EBSD has been routinely applied to geological materials for over 2 decades [1], with many applications in the fields of structural, metamorphic and igneous geology. Increasingly the technique is also being applied to planetary sciences, with a number of recent TKD and EBSD applications to meteorite samples [e.g. 2]. However, there exists a common belief that successful EBSD analyses of complex, polymineralic rock samples require high resolution patterns and long acquisition times.


Ambiguity Tolerance(AT) is an important cognitive factor.The article mainly deals with the concept of AT,current research and the advantages and disadvantages of its different levels in language study.The causes of AT will be explained from the aspects of culture factors and psychological mechanism and influence and implication of AT in foreign language learning will be also studied.


The comparative modeling of populations' adaptivity and biodiversity dynamics is carried out. Populations consist of symbiotic unicellular haploid asexual organisms inhabiting in a biotope of limited volume in which the nonspecific substrate (NS) inflows externally. Organisms consume NS and it is necessary for every of them. Symbiosis is provided by intra-populational exchange of specific substrates. Using the original software package "Evolutionary Constructor"[1] allowing varying both genetic and trophic structure of a model, we have shown that under sublethal conditions (NS deficiency) populations with compensatory metabolism (NS deficiency can be compensated by symbiont coevolution) have the better adaptivity (mutation in some single can save all symbiont populations) but gradually lose biodiversity. Another model deals with origin of cells encapsulating exterior community metabolism into interior intercellular one. The origin of such cells could be the one of significant stages in evolution and possible eukaryotes origin. We considered simple ring-like symbiotic community of three members feeding each other and simulated its evolution during 15 thousand generations. During evolutionary process horizontal genes transfer could stochastically occur which lead to genes exchange and possible origin of a novel population. If a cell has both genes of synthesis and utilization for a particular substrate, its metabolic strategy is as follows. Cell tries to saturate itself with this substrate and only then secretes remains of these substrates, if they are. So cells could accumulate genes and enclose a part of metabolism in them, getting some benefit. In order to estimate gene expression efficiency as a function of its nucleotide content the Elongation efficiency index (EEI) [2] was used. Nucleosome formation potential (NFP) values were estimated by Recon method. We have analyzed relations between NFP and EEI on the sample of all yeast ORFs (6301 sequences from GenBank). Profiles of correlation coefficients between NFP (5'-UTR) and EEI (coding sequences) were constructed for (-600; +600) regions in relation to translation start. Both for all genes and for high-expressing genes (10% of EEI-highest genes) we have shown reliable negative correlation between NFP (in a part of promoter region) and EEI. For low-expressing genes (10% of EEI-lowest genes) we have shown reliable positive correlation between NFP and EEI. We suggest such correlation to be explained by expression optimization. In high-expressing genes (high EEI) the transcription initiation should be facilitated – to maximize mRNA number, i.e. nucleosome packaging should not be condensed; and vice versa for low-expressing genes. This work supported by the RFBR grants No. 10-04-01310-а, No. 06-04-49556-а


Citizen participation is a vital element for building high-quality democracies. However, statistics suggest that a greater number of citizens reject the polyarchic system as the most efficient. This research guides its analysis in the main characteristics that evidence the electoral processes in Ecuador, as well as in the strategies of citizen formation that can be applicable to the national case. The methodology used adheres to a path of qualitative order, of a theoretical -descriptive and documentary type, under an exhaustive review of the Ecuadorian jurisprudential regulations that support this document. Finally, the Ecuadorian actions in electoral matters should not be governed only by the Code of Democracy, but also by the Organic Code of the Judicial Function, increasing the jurisdictional power, and adding functions and powers to which it can be included by normative means. the counting of votes in the country.
Keywords: National Electoral Council, citizen training, specialty principle, electoral processes.


BACKGROUND: Plant invertases play important roles in sucrose metabolism. Cell wall invertase has been reported to participate in phloem loading and unloading. Soluble invertases are involved in hexose level regulation in mature tissues and in utilisation of stored sucrose within vacuoles. Invertase inhibitory proteins have been described as one of the possible components for invertase activity regulation in some plant species. RESULTS: In this work an invertase inhibitor (ITI) coding sequence was cloned by differential display from sweet potato (SP) storage roots. SPITI codes for a protein of 192 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 20 624 Da containing a 20-amino-acid signal peptide and four cysteines. Computer analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the conserved domain revealed that the protein belonged to the plant invertase/pectin methylesterase inhibitor. Both the corresponding mRNA and protein levels were found to be highest in storage roots, followed by veins. Recombinant SPITI protein from the storage root cDNA clone overproduced in Escherichia coli (M15) was purified by affinity chromatography. This protein effectively inhibited the invertase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The results presented in the Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated that the invertase inhibitor displayed a mode of competitive inhibition towards the invertase tested, with a Ki of 3.82 × 10−6 mol L−1. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that SPITI is a novel member of the ITI family in plants. SPITI genes of sweet potato storage roots display differential gene expression patterns, which may be associated with sucrose metabolism to cope with particular developmental requirements. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry


The aphid is the main pest during the flowering and pegging growth period that can lead to great yield reduction.The loss of yield can reach 10%~15% in the serious years.The kinds of natural enemies which performing high occurrence level and better control effects in Laixi are ladybird,lacewing and syrphus fly,and the main natural enemy is ladybird.The work of "Two Survey and Three Determination" should be well carried out in order to play a role for control of aphids.The practice showed that the control threshold of aphid amount per hundred holes was about one thousand and the ratio of ladybird to aphids was below 1:100~150.


In this article, a new method called the Natural Decomposition Transform Method (NDTM) is introduced. We use this method to obtain exact solutions for three different types of nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs). The NDTM is based on the Natural transform method (NTM) and the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The theoretical analysis of the NDTM is investigated for some equations and is calculated with easily computable terms. The results we obtained are compared with existing solutions obtained by other methods. One can conclude that the method is easy to use and efficient. Most of the symbolic and numerical computations were performed using Mathematica software.


Let E be an elliptic curve defined over the rationals. For any prime p of good reduction, let Ep be the elliptic curve over Fp obtained by reducing E mod p. Let ap(E) be the trace of the Frobenius morphism of Ep. Then, Hasse proved that #E(Fp) = p + 1 − ap(E) with |ap(E)| ≤ 2 √ p. The case ap(E) = 0 corresponds to supersingular reduction mod p. Let N be a positive integer. For a fixed r ∈ Z, and fixed curves E1, . . . , EN , we define π E1,...,EN (x) = # {p ≤ x : ap(E1) = . . . = ap(EN) = r} . There is a simple heuristic that can be used to predict the asymptotic behavior of π E1,...,EN (x). From Hasse's bound, the probability that ap(E) = r is


The Serial-Peripheral Interface(SPI) Protocol also called as synchronous serial interface specification is used for communication between single master and single/multiple slaves. With the increase in number of slaves causing high complexity of circuit creates a demand in self testability feature for SPI module in order to test for fault free circuits. Built-In-Self-Test(BIST) is the answer for self-test in circuits as well as it helps in reduction of maintenance and testing cost. Design of BIST embedded SPI module with Single Master and Single Slave configuration has been introduced in this paper, here 8-bit data is transferred across the module ,where the circuit under test(CUT) is being self-tested with BIST feature for it's correctness. This SPI module is designed using Verilog Hardware Description Language(HDL) using EDA playground platform for applications like Application Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC)or System on Chip(SOC).


Abstract A new species of Breviceps is described from the south‐central highlands of Tanzania. It is similar in colour pattern to Breviceps mossambicus from Tanzania, but differs in advertisement call, and details of morphology. It is genetically distinct from Breviceps poweri, B. mossambicus and B. adspersus.


EDITOR,—S B Pinion and colleagues found similar results in their trial of hysterectomy versus two "conservative" surgical treatments for dysfunctional uterine bleeding, with 95% and 90% of women respectively reporting an acceptable improvement in symptoms …


Chemokines are small proteins that direct the migration of leukocytes to inflammatory foci. Many cell types, including macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and lymphocytes, produce chemokines in vitro, but biologically relevant sources of chemokines in vivo have not been well characterized. To investigate the pertinent sources of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 a (MIP-1 a ) in vivo, we used MIP-1 a -deficient (MIP-1 a 2 / 2 ) mice as donors and as recipients in adoptive transfer experiments after a lethal infection with Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Unexpectedly, we found that the production of MIP-1 a by CD8 1 T cells was critical in this system, as the cells from MIP-1 a 2 / 2 mice primed with LM were significantly less effective in protecting naive mice against a lethal infection by LM than were the CD8 1 T cells from wild-type (wt) mice. This requirement for donor T cell production of MIP-1 a was confirmed by the observation that wt donor T cells do not mediate protection when coadministered with an anti-MIP-1 a polyclonal antiserum. Production of MIP-1 a by the recipient mice was not required for protection, because wt and MIP-1 a 2 / 2 recipients were equally well protected by wt T cells. A 2- to 3-fold decrease in the number of transferred lymphocytes was seen in the spleens of mice receiving T cells from MIP-1 a 2 / 2 mice compared with those receiving wt T cells. In addition, CD8 1 T cells from MIP-1 a 2 / 2 mice had a reduced ability to kill LM-infected target cells in vitro. These findings demonstrate that T cell production of MIP-1 a is required for clearance


Inventory level has a significant impact on the goodwill of products to customers, which seldom becomes the focus of previous studies. In this paper, joint dynamic pricing, advertising, and production decision-making problem is investigated, where the demand rate depends on sales price and goodwill. The inventory and backlog as well as advertisement are considered as goodwill-building factors. The optimal dynamic pricing, advertising, and production policies are derived by using Pontryagin's maximum principle. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the obtained results, and sensitivity analysis of main system parameters is carried out to obtain some managerial insights. We find that when the initial goodwill is relatively high, the firm's profit first decreases and then increases with respect to the impact intensity of inventory on goodwill; otherwise, the firm always benefits from a higher impact intensity of inventory on goodwill. Furthermore, the optimal production and advertising policies are complementary caused by the feature of inventory-dependent goodwill.


There existed intense Cu anomaly on the northeastern side of the geochemical boundary with NW strike in the border area between the Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. Through field observation, ore bodies of high-grade native coppers have been found. The copper mineralization was constrained by the ancient volcanic vents of Permian basalt eruption and the overlain strata of carbonaceous argillites. Native coppers with flaky, net veined and impregnated occurrences, fine-grained tenorites and massive chalcocites widely occur in volcanic breccias, tuffs, carbonaceous-siliceous argillites and siliceous bitumen rocks with bed thickness of about 15–80 m. Cu contents vary from 0.5% to 20%. The copper mineralization was tightly related to actino-lite-tremolitization, zeolitization and bituminization and involved in extensive reduction environments. Continental flood basalts erupted in mantle plume environments usually have high Cu concentrations (∼170 ×10−6 in the Emeishan basalts), which provided a copper source of mineralization. Thus, metallogenesis of the native copper deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou border area is tightly associated with intensive crust-mantle and organic-inorganic interactions. The tremolitization and chalcocitization indicate that the metallogenic temperatures are in a range of 400–100°C. The geologic background and characteristics of ore and alteration for the native copper deposits in this area are somewhat similar to those of the Keweenawan native copper deposit in Michigan, USA.


The Dealer is the Devil: An Insider's History of the Aboriginal Art Trade traces the rise and rise and plateau of the Australian contemporary Indigenous art market. Adrian Newstead's involvement in the industry over the last 30 years has seen him in the role of dealer, auction house consultant, writer and industry spokesman. When you meet him in person you are confronted by a man of enormous energy, drive and enthusiasm, ready to address any challenge, possessing the alacrity of mind to turn a negative into a positive. These are doubtless the qualities that have allowed him to endure such a long career in the Indigenous art trade. It is when he is speaking from direct experience that the book has real value, giving voice to his unique character and perspective


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of residential satisfaction in facing the outbreaks of the COVID-19. It reveals the relationship between personal risk perception (PRP), preventive behavior (PB), residential satisfaction (RS) and level of compliance with government recommendations to stay at home (CGRS) of Makkah residents in Saudi Arabia in its effort toward containing the COVID-19 pandemic in the country.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional online survey design was used with a sample of 250 respondents from Makkah City selected using a simple random sampling strategy. The instrument for data collection was a developed and validated instruments tag "Risk Perception and Preventive Behavior against COVID-19 Questionnaire (RP-COVID-Q)." The data obtained through the questionnaire were screened and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Similarly, a Partial-Least Square Structural Equation Modeling procedure was adopted to test the hypotheses with a bootstrap mediation effect test.

Findings
The results revealed that Makkah residents' level of PRP, PB and CGRS was not found to vary with gender; however, the RS of the residents differs with respect to their gender. Moreover, the level of PRP was significantly related to PB, RS and level of CGRS. RS increased the likelihood of the Makkah residents to comply with government recommendations against COVID-19 while adherence to PB, which would contribute to the reduction in the spread of the pandemic in Makkah city. Further, the RS is recognized as a significant mediating factor between PRP and CGRS during the COVID-19.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of this study help in understanding the role of residential satisfaction during pandemics and, hence, stressing the important of residential qualities that need improvements for better sustainable cities in the future.

Originality/value
While all countries are strategizing to mitigate the impact of COVID-19, it is equally important to access residential satisfaction in the cities with high visitor inflow. Limited research has been done in Saudi Arabia.


THE INSURANCE ACT. Dr. MACLEAN, in the course of a very able exposition of -the Act, said that that day they could not overlook the fact -that they were met under extraordinary social conditions. The country and its various commercial enterprises were held up by a section of the community, which would mean for months to come the distress and privation of a much larger section of the people, with an increased incidence of death and disease, and it appeared that the policy adopted by this smaller section of the community was going to be crowned from their point of view with success. He mentioned this apart from the merits o6f the question at issue, for the simple -reason-that it had for them a very important lesson. " It demonstrates thai by organization," declared Dr. Maclean, " you can gain the day, and I am going to suggest that the all-important consideration for us at the present time is organization in the true, real, and deep sense of the word. It has already been put to us that it was a marvellous thing that within four weeks from the introduction of the Insurance Bill in the House of Commons we had crystallized our now famous six pointa. ' How could you do that,' the question has been asked, 'in four weeks?' The answer is that we have been preparing for this not for four weeks, not for four years, but for something like ten or eleven years. It was because the British Medical Association was ready to face the crisis that we have made the stand that we have so far, and that we are going to gain the victory which we are going to gain. It is perfectly true the demerits of the bill as introduced into the House of Commons had a great deal to do in stirring the medical profession into a compactness never hitherto witnessed; but the underlying fact, the reason for our strength to-day, the promise the future holds for us, is the ten years' preparing and exercising the new machinery of the Association to meet a contingency of the kind. At the moment of the crisis we could depend upon at least 2,000 members medicopolitically educated and experienced as representatives, councillors, members of standing committees, presidents or chairmen and secretaries of Branches and Divisions, as well as the regular attendants at Division meetings. [-441 PAC;B


Spinal cord-injured (SCI) individuals have a high risk for cardiovascular diseases. An imbalance in (anti)oxidative status would be associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE: To compare baseline levels of oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity in SCI individuals and able-bodied (AB) subjects, and to assess acute and long-term effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity in SCI. METHODS: Venous blood was taken from SCI (n=9) and age-matched AB subjects (n=9) to examine oxidative stress through malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gluthatione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme levels represented anti-oxidative capacity. Subsequently, SCI subjects performed an 8 week FES exercise training period. Blood was taken at fixed time points to examine the acute and chronic effect of FES exercise. RESULTS: Baseline levels of MDA, SOD and GPx were not different between SCI and AB subjects. Both, a single FES exercise bout and 8 weeks FES training, had no effect on MDA, SOD and GPx levels. CONCLUSION: The preserved (anti)oxidative status in SCI suggests that the increased prevalence for CVD in SCI is unlikely explained by (anti)oxidative imbalance. Furthermore, the stimulus induced by FES exercise is possibly insufficient to change (anti)oxidative status in SCI individuals.


The dramatic changes in integrated-circuit technology over the last two decades have been of great benefit to countries such as Zimbabwe. High volume production of VLSI chips has produced a supply of intelligent, versatile electronic processing devices at very low cost. In particular the facilities of the microcontroller have steadily developed to the accompaniment of a reduction in price. Since, in essence, the microcontroller is a complete computer tailored to control and monitoring operations, one is now provided with a device capable of application to a great variety of industrial and domestic situations. The major challenges lie in the interfacing and programming of the devices, and these are cerebral skills with which many less-industrialized countries are well endowed. The paper examines the opportunities in the embedded-systems area by means of a number of case studies of real industrial problems, whose solution has been achieved through these techniques.


In this special issue, we focus on the role of nutrition in the therapy of nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) [...].


Objective: To explore the effects of Quality Control Circle(QCC) on prevention of the lower limb Deep Vein Thrombosis(DVT) in orthopedic trauma patients. Methods: The authors set up QCC in July 2012. At first, they analyzed the DVT prevention situation of orthopedic trauma inpatients in July to September 2012, and identified the nursing defects and problems which needed improvement. Then they implemented the intervention and investigate the DVT prevention situation again from October to December 2012. Results: After QCC activities, the DVT incidence rate dropped from 7.81% to 3.33%. Conclusion: QCC activities could improve the quality of DVT prevention management in orthopedic trauma patients, and provide an effective method to prevent the occurrence of DVT.


As part of the sympathetic nervous system, immune cell‐expressed β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) plays an important role in regulating their responses to cardiac injury. We previously demonstrated that deletion of β2AR in all cells of hematopoietic origin resulted in decreased immune cell recruitment, cardiac repair and survival following acute myocardial infarction, however the impact of myeloid cell‐specific β2AR on chronic heart failure (HF)‐induced remodeling remain unknown. Thus, we examined the impact of myeloid cell‐specific β2AR deletion (Lyz2‐Cre x Adrb2fl/fl (LB2) versus Adrb2fl/fl (b2fl) mice) on transaortic constriction (TAC)‐induced HF. Despite a similar initial decline in ejection fraction (EF) at 4 weeks post‐TAC, LB2 mice displayed a better‐preserved EF versus b2fl mice at 8 weeks post‐TAC, which reached a comparable level by 16 weeks post‐TAC. The temporary improvement of cardiac function in the early stage following TAC may be related to an enhanced compensatory hypertrophy in LB2 mice. Indeed, left ventricle posterior wall thickness was higher in LB2 mice especially in the early stage after TAC (4‐8 weeks). This association with enhanced hypertrophy was also observed in an independent model of angiotensin II‐infused LB2 versus b2fl mice with higher expression of Nppa and Nppb observed in LB2 hearts. Via flow cytometry, we observed lower levels of total bone marrow‐derived leukocytes, inflammatory monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils in the hearts of LB2 versus b2fl mice at 16 weeks post‐TAC, whereas total myeloid cells seemed similar between the genotypes. Notably, among the macrophages present in the heart, there was a higher percentage of anti‐inflammatory CD206+ (reparative) macrophages in LB2 mice. In conclusion, these results show that myeloid cell‐specific β2AR regulates cardiac remodeling during the development of chronic HF, which may occur via modulation of the expansion and phenotypic modulation of distinct myeloid cell populations.


Abstract In this paper I respond to the objections put forth by Krešimir Agbaba (this volume: Kriterion (2009) 22: 1-6) against my earlier paper (Kriterion (2006) 20: 7-13) in which I argue that given Donnellan's formulation|as well as Kripke's and Salmon's generalized accounts|an attributive use of a definite description is a very rare linguistic phenomenon


The Jewish leadership in Romanian territories during World War II sought to change antisemitic legislation, stop deportations, and ensure the survival of the deportees in the camps and ghettos. Unf...


Based on structure and finances of U.S.farm families,this article analyses the differences of income among U.S.farm families and considers that the income difference is notable in farm gross cash income,farm profit,financial ratios,off-farm work income and government payments in all types of U.S.farm families.


Envelop is an important component of building. Well designing on envelop makes great sense to promoting climate adaptability for the building, improving building comfort and driving forward energy conservation. This paper starts with the design principle of adaption to climate, variability, economy, localization and integration, then carries on the elaboration to design strategies on wall, glass curtain wall, window sunshade, balcony and corridor, roof and other parts; lastly a typical office building model is established to simulate and analyze envelop performance.


Underground coal mining consumes a large amount of electrical energy to run the equipment such as ventilation fan, pumping/dewatering, belt conveyors, rope haulages, face machinery, and illumination. Underground coal mining has less production and high output cost (cost per unit of coal production) due to the low effective utilization of equipment and also depends on geological conditions of the mine i.e. mine environment and condition of the roof. As the electrical energy cost for the coal mining industry is increasing every year, coal mining enterprises must conserve electrical energy for the reduction in output cost. In this paper, energy-use analysis has been performed to concept a benchmark for coal production at minimum specific energy consumption in an Indian underground coal mine. In preliminary inspection, different energy data are collected for major high energy consuming areas in the mining plant. A power balance chart of different equipment used in the mine has been prepared as per the working hours of equipment and demand factor of different equipment considering productivity norms to examine the shares of energy consumption. Results and major verdicts regarding energy cost reduction possibilities for several critical areas have been discussed to improve the energy-standard of the coal mine. This case study in an underground mining field scrutinizes the possible common energy-saving potential through detailed techno-economic analysis.


Said artificial stone is composed of 15-35% by weight of water glass, 1-20% asbestos and 60-80% aggregate mixing evenly by injecting or pressurizing casting into patterns, then allowed to solidify, and surface treating. By employing different adhesives and aggregates, said stone can be separately used as building material, light heat insulation and sound obsorbing material, fire-proof material and electric insulating material etc.


Rats treated with i.p. 7-NI showed a significant increase in cortical higher frequency EEG bands, associated with a corresponding and significant decrease in delta band activity. In the striatum, reduced levels of NO induced an increase in the low frequency band, and a decrease at higher frequencies. Pallidal depth recordings showed modifications to several frequency bands, similar to those found in the cortex. Although 7-NI was administered at increasing doses (from 40 to 70 mg kg–1), it was not possible to demonstrate a relationship between modified band activities and the dose of 7-NI. As suggested indirectly by the quantitative EEG data reported in this study, NO plays a fundamental role in the modulation of several neurotransmitters that are functionally involved in the cortico-striato-pallidal interactions. In fact, striatal NO seems to integrate cortical-glutamatergic and nigral-dopaminergic inputs and to modulate the efferent pathway toward the globus pallidus.


Abstract: The unidirectional influx of d‐pantothenic acid (PA) across cerebral capillaries, the anatomical locus of the blood‐brain barrier, was measured with an in situ rat brain perfusion technique using [3H]d‐PA (1.1 Ci/mmol). PA was transported across the blood‐brain barrier by a saturable system that could be described by a MichaelisMenten transport model with a half‐saturation concentration and maximal influx rate of 19 μM and 0.21 nmol/g of brain/min, respectively. PA (0.3 μM) transport through the blood‐brain barrier was significantly inhibited by probenecid, nonanoic acid, and biotin (all 0.25 mM), but not by penicillin G, pyruvate, β‐hydroxybutyrate. l‐leucine (all 1 mM), or poly‐l‐lysine HBr (1 mg/ml). Probenecid (0.25 mM), nonanoic acid (0.5 mM), and PA (1.0mM) did not inhibit [3H]l‐leucine transport through the blood‐brain barrier, whereas 30 μM‐l‐leucine inhibited [3H]leucine transport to 23% of control values. Thus, PA is transported through the blood‐brain barrier by a lowcapacity, saturable transport system with a half‐saturation concentration ‐10 times the plasma PA concentration. Although involved in the transfer of PA from blood into brain, this system does not play an important regulatory role in the synthesis of CoA from PA in brain.


Housing, health care, and education are often rationed in the sense that the allocation process involves non-market mechanisms. We study rationing in a market in which some buyers face binding wealth constraints and resale is permitted. Buyers with a high willingness-to-pay for a good but a low ability-to-pay may not acquire it in a free market. Rationing gives these buyers a chance to acquire the good, possibly at the expense of buyers with a high willingness-to-pay and high ability-to-pay. Rationing also lets some buyers with a low willingness-to-pay acquire the good, but the latter buyers will resell the good to the former. The ultimate allocation with rationing and resale is more efficient than if the free market had allocated the good. We also show that needbased rationing rules that favor the poor produce a more efficient allocation than need-blind rules; need-based rules may even achieve full efficiency. The crucial role played by resale suggests that its introduction may improve existing schemes that utilize rationing. Moreover, the introduction of rationing and resale together may be beneficial for allocating many goods and services.


The crack of cement concrete pavement is one of lon g existing qualitative common failure in northern areas of China. In this paper, the influence of the material of base co urse and surface course, construction technology and others on the crack of cement concrete pavement is analyzed compa ratively. According to analytical result, preventive measure and cure method are advanced and applied o n construction practice.


The main objective of this article is to evaluate CO2mitigation potential and to calculate costs avoidedby the use of different CO2mitigation technologies in Chinars cement sector, namely energy efficiencyimprovements, use of alternative fuels, clinker substitution and carbon capture and storage (CCS). Threescenarios are designed based on the projection of cement output and technology development overthe next 40 years (2010n2050). 2.5, 4.7 and 4.3 Gt tonnes of CO2will be saved totally in basic scenarioand two low carbon scenarios up to 2050. By comparing these technologies along the scenarios, it canbe concluded that CO2emissions can mainly be reduced by energy efficiency improvements and useof alternative fuels. Clinker substitution, which reduces the clinker-to-cement ratio as well as energyintensity, results in significant cost advantages. CCS, including post-combustion capture and oxy-fuelcombustion capture, could play an important role in the capture of CO2in the cement industry, and isexpected to be in commercial use by 2030.


Sigma factors are a family of proteins that associate with the procaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in a reversible way to direct transcription initiation by recognizing specific promoter sequences. Many eubacteria contain multiple sigma factors, which regulate gene expression in response to changes in environmental conditions and during differentiation of the cells (Gruber and Gross, 2003). Based on sequence similarities, the eubacterial sigma factors are divided into the s (RpoD) and s (RpoN) families (Lonetto et al., 1992; Merrick et al., 1987). Most sigma factors belong to the s family that is divided into three structurally and functionally related groups (Lonetto et al., 1992). Group 1 comprises the primary sigma factors that are essential for cell viability Group 3 sigma factors in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 are required for growth at low temperature


Maintenance arrangement is a key factor in the quality of the train-set turnover plan making. It requires considering workload balance among all the maintenance bases. Therefore in this paper maintenance workload is transformed into a special kind of train, whose beginning and ending stations are the same, and constitute a train-set turnover network by regarding the train as dot, the linkage as border, and the linkage time as the weight of border. The train-set turnover linkage problem now becomes a unique TSP problem on the network. An optimization algorithm is developed based on SA and the effectiveness of the model and the algorithm is verified through an applied case study on the Beijing-Tianjin Line.


The mathematical model of electrochemical processes distribution within the three-dimensional fl ow-through electrode for the system Fe(III)/Fe(II)/Fe is described in this paper, considering also the electrochemical reactions of hydrogen and molecular oxygen reduction. Possible dynamic changes in the parameters of electrode, electrolyte and the process are taken into account in the mathematical model, such as electro-conductivity of electrode material, electrolyte fl ow rate, material porosity and specifi c electrode surface, concentrations of electro-active substances and other characteristics within the local volume of electrode. Electrode and process characteristics are treated as time and coordinate functions within the electrode volume. The results of calculations and experimental studies of iron electroreduction are given, the analysis of the numerical modeling is provided.


10 minute walk to Sanur Beach, this hotel is positioned in the middle of a local dinning district, minutes away from great shopping, entertainment, a golf course and cultural attractions. Sanur Paradise Plaza Hotel rooms are spacious with views of the..


Improved thermooxidative stable, high-temperature polymers that are processable into void-free composites were synthesized by thermal polymerization of three newly developed bisaryloxy-bisimido-bisphthalonitriles (BBBP) (I, II, and III) containing dimethylsilane, hexafluoroisopropylidene, and ether linkages, respectively. Thermal polymerization of BBBP (I, II, III, and IV) at 200-275°C for 2-10 h and postcuring at 310°C for 10 h gave tough, void-free, infusible, thermosetting polymers V, VI, VII, and VIII. Thermal polymerization of BBBP (I, II, and IV) was also carried out using cuprous chloride


In the literature of travel to foreign cities, writers' travel diaries have always been a source of subjective witness and served as the basis for hybrid texts falling between the personal diary, essays and journalism. Ventanas de Manhattan by Antonio Munoz Molina provides a particularly significant example of this kind of litterature, halfway between document and fiction. From the chronicles of his Robinson urbano in Grenada to this tale of a visit to New York, Munoz Molina has always been fascinated by the discovery of a new territory, like Robinson on his island, developing it into a veritable poetics of the city. Impressionistic flashes running through the most mysterious corners of the great city and chaotic encyclopedia of the city.


Penetrating injuries are a leading cause of unilateral visual loss in young patients. We reviewed the records of 197 patients aged 18 years or younger who underwent primary repair of a penetrating ocular injury at the Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute from January 1970 through December 1981. The injury was caused by sharp objects in 49% of cases, missiles in 35%, and blunt trauma in 14%. Of 159 patients with at least 6 months follow-up, 110 (69%) achieved final vision of 5/200 or better, and 77 patients (48%) achieved final visual acuity of 20/50 or better. The prognosis after a penetrating injury is strongly influenced by the nature of the injury and the extent of initial damage. Several factors were found to correlate with an unfavorable visual outcome, including: (1) initial preoperative visual acuity of worse than 5/200, (2) injuries due to blunt trauma, (3) wounds involving the sclera, (4) double penetrating injuries, (5) dense vitreous hemorrhage, and (6) wounds associated with an intraocular "BB" pellet.


The breakup of floes composed of a small number of constituent particles by orifice contractile flow is investigated extensively by measuring the size of broken floes of PSL particles on a Coulter counter. It is found that (1) floes of maximum strength are obtained when they are formed in an electrolyte concentration greater than the critical coagulation concentration, and the strength is independent of the valency of electrolyte; (2) the average size of broken floes and the maximum number of constituent particles in a broken floe are successfully expressed as a function of the energy dissipation at the orifice; and (3) the mechanism of floe breakup in the contractile flow is different from that by ultrasonication (flocs are split into smaller agglomerates in the former case, but particles are ripped off one by one from the surface of flocs in the latter case).


Legal Orientalism: China, The United States, and Modern Law, by Teemu Ruskola. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2013. 338 pp. $35.00 (cloth). Teemu Ruskola's Legal Orientalism focuses attention on extraterritorial laws and Chinese sovereignty in the last half of the nineteenth and first third of the twentieth centuries. It accepts Turan Kayoglu's Legal Imperialism: Sovereignty and Extraterritoriality in Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and China (London and New York, 2010) and the concept of "legal imperialism" to argue that extraterritoriality indexed sovereignty, the nation-state was the sine qua non of modernity, so in effect legal imperialism created China. It contends Par Kristoffer Cassel's claim in Grounds of Judgment: Extraterritoriality and Imperial Power in Nineteenth-Century China and Japan (Oxford, 2012), that China tolerated extraterritoriality and the Unequal Treaty system because old regimes valued commercial, legal, and military modernization projects and played an active, not passive role adapting to change. Each book reinforces modernization arguments while raising new questions about law and legitimation. Legal Orientalism sees unequal treaties and the Treaty Port system in relation to "Empire Studies." A lawyer and professor of law, Ruskola asks China scholars to take law seriously. Extraterritorial claims were not fictional. Since the imperialists applied doctrines of extraterritoriality all over the world, moreover Chinese "culture" is not the issue. The precedent is that U.S. treaties and claims to extraterritorial rights in forwarded what became international law. A legal scholar, Ruskola shows how previous historiography has conflated comparative law (the academic study of other legal systems) with international law (universally acknowledged modern axioms that regulate states' rights and individual rights). His distinction mitigates confusion, and shows how international law authorized itself in U.S. colonization practices. If Ruskola is correct that China's consolidation as a nation state came under U.S. tutelage then splitting hairs over modifiers like accidental empire, informal empire, colonial modernity and "colonialism without colonies," means only that the category colonialism accommodates variety and extraterritorial law-making created an Empire. In fact, Ruskola reperiodizes the onset of the U.S. empire to 1844 when the United States signed the so-called Treaty of Wanghia and not with the invasion of Manila in 1898 or Perry's arrival in Tokyo Bay in 1854. Ruskola is specific. Caleb Cushing, missionary diplomat Peter Parker and the Reverend Elijah Coleman Bridgeman convinced the U.S. State Department that extraterritoriality legitimated U.S. expansionism on and off the China mainland. Thus, in Ruskola's argument, Commodore Perry arrived in Tokyo Bay with a copy of the Wanghia Treaty in his pocket and used it as his model for subordinating Japan. The rise of racial science and its role in U.S. imperialism (what Ruskola calls "American racial Anglo-Saxonism") in Asia accompanied, in other words, a U.S. established juridical platform that gave the United States power to authorize a foundationally racialized "international law" (p. 149). The most exuberant chapter in the book is "The District of China is Not the District of Columbia," where Ruskola launches his conclusions reductio ad absurdum. I am a connoisseur of this kind of argument, so love it. The U.S. established a "U.S. Court for the District of China." But the "law" that the U.S. Court for the District of China would be enforcing had to be written since there was no precedent in the United States Constitution for declaring jurisdiction over another country. …


Settlement prediction in soft soil foundation engineering is a newer technique. Predicting soft soil settling has long been one of the most challenging techniques due to difficulties in soft soil engineering. To overcome these challenges, the wavelet neural network (WNN) is mostly used. So, after assessing its estimate performance, two elements, early parameter selection and system training techniques, are chosen to optimize the traditional WNN difficulties of readily convergence to the local infinitesimal point, low speed, and poor approximation performance. The number of hidden layer nodes is determined using a self-adaptive adjustment technique. The wavelet neural network (WNN) is coupled with the scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) to increase the feasibility and accuracy of the soft fundamental engineering settlement prediction model, and a better wavelet network for the soft ground engineering settlement prediction is suggested in this paper. Furthermore, we have proposed the technique of locating the early parameters based on autocorrelation. The settlement of three types of traditional soft foundation engineering, including metro tunnels, highways, and high-rise building foundations, has been predicted using our proposed model. The findings revealed that the model is superior to the backpropagation neural network and the standard WNN for solving problems of approximation performance. As a result, the model is acceptable for soft foundation engineering settlement prediction and has substantial project referential value.


The content and nature of the distribution of chemical elements (S, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd) and phenolic compound were determined in the above-ground and underground parts of bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.), grown on the background and technogenic polluted territories of the Southern Baikal region. Plants and soil were sampled at polluted site situated 0.5-1.0 km from Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill (East Siberia) and at a relatively clean site. It was shown that in V. myrtillus Fe, Ni, Cr, Pb and Cd accumulated in roots, Mn and Zn accumulated in stems, S and Co in leaves and Cu in fruits in background conditions. Should be noted, the intensity of the absorption elements of the reproductive organs V. myrtillus is lower than of the vegetative one. The content of phenolic compounds in plants bilberries decreases in the order leaves Under influence of the industrial emissions of Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill bilberry above-ground parts from polluted site contained significantly higher concentration of S and significantly lower concentrations of Mn and Zn. Coefficients of biophil elements accumulation decreased 1.4-2.0 times, that indicates a violation of their absorption by plant roots. Furthermore, leaves had significantly higher level of total phenolics and flavonoids as compared with bilberry leaves from non-polluted site. Plants of the polluted sites had a lower height, amount of fruits. The berries productivity was significantly lower (1.1±0.3 g per shrub compared with 2.0±0.5 g). At the same time t he weight of one berry did not differ between sites. Reduction of the morphometric parameters shrub leads to a decrease in their aboveground biomass of an average of 1.5 times, berries productivity (g/m 2 ) decreased 1.7 times.


The effect of prolactin on transcription during spermatogenesis was examined by subtractive DNA hybridization and differential screening. A protamine 2 cDNA fragment was isolated from one of the genes up-regulated in testes of rat 6 h after prolactin injection. In situ hybridization to detect protamine 2 mRNA was also performed using digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes. Weak signals were detected from preleptotene to early pachytene spermatocytes, elongated spermatids and spermatozoa; strong ones were recognized from mid- to late-pachytene, diplotene, and secondary spermatocytes, and early round spermatids. Localization of protamine 2 mRNA coincided with that of prolactin receptor mRNA described in our previous report. We then compared the time-dependent expression of protamine 2 mRNA with that of luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA after prolactin administration, using Northern blot analysis. Protamine 2 mRNA was up-regulated 1 h after the prolactin treatment, and stable levels were maintained for another 13 h. In contrast, luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA levels increased much later, at 13 h after prolactin injection. Therefore, protamine 2 gene responds rapidly to prolactin administration and up-regulation of expression appears to be independent of the luteinizing hormone pathway.


Historically waste management within the Department of Energy complex has evolved around the operating principle of packaging waste generated and storing until a later date. In many cases wastes were delivered to onsite waste management organizations with little or no traceability to origin of generation. Sites then stored their waste for later disposition offsite or onsite burial. While the wastes were stored, sites incurred additional labor costs for maintaining, inspecting and repackaging containers and capital costs for storage warehouses. Increased costs, combined with the inherent safety hazards associated with storage of hazardous material make these practices less attractive. This paper will describe the methods used at the Department of Energy`s Fernald site by the Waste Programs Management Division to integrate with other site divisions to plan in situ waste characterization prior to removal. This information was utilized to evaluate and select disposal options and then to package and ship removed wastes without storage.


These notes constitute chapter 7 from "l'Ecole de Physique des Houches" Session CIII, August 2014 dedicated to Topological Aspects of Condensed matter physics. The tenfold way in quasi-one-dimensional space is presented. The method of chiral Abelian bosonization is reviewed. It is then applied to the stability analysis for the edge theory in symmetry class AII, and for the construction of two-dimensional topological phases from coupled wires.


The fluorescent dye 10‐N‐nonyl acridine orange (NAO) has a high affinity for anionic phospholipids, in particular CL. NAO emission spectra, characterized by a single peak in the green region, exhibits a second peak in the red region upon binding with CL and its analogue deoxycardiolipin. A maximum ratio of red to green emission (R/G ratio) was always detected for [NAO]/[CL] of 2/1 and was used to quantify CL in unknown samples. The lack of red shift for NAO binding to phosphatidylglycerol liposomes established that the experimental error introduced by anionic phospholipids other than CL was insignificant. A variety of CL/phosphatidylcholine liposomes was used to mimic the multiplicity of ultrastructural organization of membrane lipids. The intensity of the R/G ratio maximum measured for each sample showed a strong dependence on the organization of CL into patches. Preliminary studies on mitochondria from Saccharoymyces cerevisiae further indicated NAO staining as a versatile tool to study the reorganization of CL‐rich microdomains in membranes in response to varied bioenergetic conditions. We suggest that interaction with the negatively charged anionic head groups of phospholipids induces NAO binding, but only the interaction of neighboring aromatic rings of NAO when bound to CL organized in clusters results in a characteristic red spectral shift.


Whereas infrastructure privatization globally yields its poorest effects in the least developped countries, the World Bank (WB) has prescribed this policy in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) more than anywhere else and has intensifed its prescriptions in recent years. This paper questions the utility of these prescriptions. Relying on an empirical analysis based on 270 infrastructure privatization cases in SSA between 1960 and 2009, it tests a number of hypotheses in order to determine whether infrastructure privatization has been most beneficial to firms of the main WB donors (the G10). A first result is that foreign and G10 firms benefit more from infrastructure privatization when it is supported by the WB than when it is not. But the most striking result is that the WB provides greater support to privatization in the sub-sectors of infrastructure that benefit the most to G10 firms.


Handoff management is a key element in mobile networks to sustain an ongoing session of a user. In this paper, we propose a handoff management technique to reduce handoff delay and call dropping. This handoff management technique incorporates a prediction component which will predict a UE's next cell and best handoff time. The prediction component is realized using a predictive model which uses earlier recorded mobility pattern of a user to make the prediction. Neural Network (Multi-layer Feedforward Network) has been used as predictive model. A data cleaning component is added using sequence mining technique to filter only relevant patterns from a large raw data to input to the predictive model. This process significantly improves the prediction accuracy and reduces the computational complexity involved with MFNN.


It's difficult to measure applied load acting on mechanical system directly,so frequency response functions and vibration responses in operation are needed to estimate load.However,it's impossible to measure frequency response functions when the type of load is internal?load.According to this situation,a strategy of load identification which is suitable for engineering is presented in this paper.It includes three steps,e.g.mode modification,least square identification and verified by the residual error of response.The feasibility of this method is demonstrated through the designed bench.According to the experimental modal analysis,finite element model of the bench is revised.Based on the least square method,the effects of the number of measuring points and position on the accuracy of identification are analyzed with the combination of different measuring points.The experimental results show that the residual error of response coincides well with force error.It demonstrates that the residual error of response is an effective method to evaluate the identification accuracy.The feasibility of the approach is verified through experiment and simulation,and this method provides a certain guide for practical engineering.


Multiculturalism has raised a number of questions in the spheres of politics, ethics and art. The first part of the paper examines different theoretical attitudes towards the concept of multiculturalism and its related concepts such as identity politics and difference, tolerance and hybridity. The second part is a brief description of the papers that follow in the volume.


We present a chain-of-atoms model where heat is rectified, with different fluxes from the hot to the cold baths located at the chain boundaries when the temperature bias is reversed. The chain is homogeneous except for boundary effects and a local modification of the interactions at one site, the "impurity". The rectification mechanism is due here to the localized impurity, the only asymmetrical element of the structure, apart from the externally imposed temperature bias, and does not rely on putting in contact different materials or other known mechanisms such as grading or long-range interactions. The effect survives if all interaction forces are linear except the ones for the impurity. Introduction. – In spite of much work on thermal rectification after the first model proposal in 2002 [1] (for a broad perspective on heat rectification see [2,3]), the manipulation of phononic heat fluxes is still far from being completely controlled as no efficient and feasible thermal diodes have been found [4,5]. The thermal rectifier, a device where the heat current changes when the temperature bias of the thermal baths at the boundaries is reversed, is one of the key tools needed to manipulate heat currents and build thermal circuits. A wealth of research is underway to meet the challenge posed by a "near standstill" of the field [4,5], combined with the prospects of widespread and impactful practical applications. Together with experimental progress, at this stage work exploring new models is important to test possibilities that may become feasible as control capabilities improve [2]. In this paper we propose, motivated by previous work on "atom diodes" [6,7], a rectifying scheme based on the effect of a local defect, or impurity, in an otherwise homogeneous system. To date, there have been several proposals of systems that could be used to rectify heat flows at the nanoscale. A common scheme is based on coupling two or more different homogeneous segments, modelled with chains of atoms with nonlinear interactions (which in this context means non-linear forces, i.e., anharmonic potentials) [1, 8–11] or with a temperature and position dependent conductivity assuming expressions for the heat current [10, 12]. Basic ingredients for thermal rectification have been considered to be the asymmetry in the system and non-linear interactions [3,11,13], which lead to a temperature dependence of the phonon bands, or power spectral densities, of the weakly coupled [9] segments. These bands match or mismatch at the interfaces, depending of the sign of the temperature bias, leading, respectively, to heat flow or insulating conditions. In fact, alternative mechanisms due to band mixing appear for stronger coupling or long chains [9], and Pereira [5], based on minimalist models, has recently reformulated the conditions leading to rectification as the combination of asymmetry plus the existence of some feature of the system that depends on the temperature (nonlinearity is certainly a possible cause of such dependence). Other systems proposed are graded materials, such as a chain with an uneven distribution of mass [4, 13, 14], and long-range interactions have been shown to be able to amplify the rectification and avoid or mitigate the decay of the effect with system size [4, 15]. Also, recent models and experiments use asymmetrical homogeneous or inhomogeneous nanostructures and, in particular, graphene [16, 17]. Finally, we mention for completeness theoretical works farther from our model that consider the use of a quantum system [2], such a three-level system, with each level coupled to a thermal bath [18], or a double well with different frequencies to implement the asymmetry [19]. The model proposed in this paper is a one-dimensional chain of atoms where all, except one of them, are trapped p-1 ar X iv :1 70 8. 00 40 8v 1 [ co nd -m at .s ta tm ec h] 1 A ug 2 01 7


Objective:To study effect of large segmental bone defects of phalanges(metacarpal) with Masquelet technique.Method:From January 2008 to January 2013,21 cases were therapied by Masquelet technique,with skin flap or not.All cases were infected after a debridement or internal fixation,including 13 cases of Staphylococcus aureus infection,7 cases of streptococcal infection,and 1 case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.Masquelet technique involved a two-step procedure.First,bone cement was used to fill the bone defect after a thorough debridement;then the bone cement was removed after 6-8 weeks,and rich cancellous bone was implanted into the bone defect.Repairing the length of bone defect was vary from 11 mm to 33 mm(average 19 mm).Result:20 cases were cured with the clinical application of Masquelet technique,1 case was failed,due to an re-infection after the first surgery,then underwent debridement, thumb shortening and arthrodesis.18 cases were followed up,2 cases were lost.The average follow-up times were 7 months.In the 18 cases,3 cases of bone defect fingers were repaired with side flap,18 cases of wound skin were healing in 10 to 15 days,bone healing times were from 2.6 to 3.5 months(average 2.8 months), the recovery of function in fingers were all satisfactory.Conclusion:Masquelet technique is an effective method to repair large segmental infective phalanges or metacarpal defects.


With more non-local (Mainland China and overseas) students admitted into the universities of Hong Kong, the student population on campus is becoming much more diversified. This study was a phenomenological inquiry into the social engagement experiences of local and non-local Chinese students in their first year at a university in Hong Kong. Qualitative data was obtained from 10 focus groups. The findings suggested that the majority of the students in the study were active in social engagement and most achieved a sense of belonging to the university or its sub-communities. The culture in student communities played an important role in students' social engagement. It pushed students to become intensively involved in out-of-class activities and challenged them to reflect on the direction in which they would carry this historical legacy forward in the diversifying campus.


In order to investigate the relationship between nitric oxide‐mediated regulation of mitochondrial function and excitotoxicity, the role of mitochondrial ATP synthesis and intracellular redox status on the mode of neuronal cell death was studied. Brief (5 min) glutamate (100 µm) receptor stimulation in primary cortical neurons collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and transiently (30 min) inhibited mitochondrial ATP synthesis, causing early (1 h) necrosis or delayed (24 h) apoptosis. The transient inhibition of ATP synthesis was paralleled to a loss of NADH, which was fully recovered shortly after the insult. In contrast, NADPH and the GSH/GSSG ratio were maintained, but progressively decreased thereafter. Twenty‐four hours after glutamate treatment, ATP was depleted, a phenomenon associated with a persistent inhibition of mitochondrial succinate–cytochrome c reductase activity and delayed necrosis. Blockade of either nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity or the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore prevented Δψm collapse, the transient inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthesis, early necrosis and delayed apoptosis. However, blockade of NOS activity, but not the MPT pore, prevented the inhibition of succinate–cytochrome c reductase activity and delayed ATP depletion and necrosis. From these results, we suggest that glutamate receptor‐mediated NOS activation would trigger MPT pore opening and transient inhibition of ATP synthesis leading to apoptosis in a neuronal subpopulation, whereas other groups of neurons would undergo oxidative stress and persistent inhibition of ATP synthesis leading to necrosis.


A method of operating an SCR system having a urea solution supply and with a ultrasound-based urea concentration sensor (17), whose measurement signal is representative of a running time of an ultrasonic pulse along a predetermined path in a fluid (9) of the urea solution supply, wherein - at least the fluid (9) in a detection range of the urea concentration sensor (17) is heated by a predetermined first temperature to a predetermined second temperature, - during the heating in at least one third and fourth temperature, the measurement signal is detected and each represents a raw concentration characteristic value is determined depending on the respective measuring signal, which is representative of the transit time of the ultrasonic pulse, - is determined depending on the raw concentration characteristic values, a concentration characteristic value which is representative of a concentration of urea in the fluid (9) - depending on a gradient is determined from the raw concentration characteristic values and the associated temperatures and is determined depending on the gradient of the concentration characteristic value.


Using GPS and across-fault deformation survey data of this region,the tectonic movement of North China Region is simulated by finite element method aimed to study its present-day crust movement and deformation dynamics.The results show that the surface movement and stress field are largely determined by the relative movement between the surrounding tectonic blocks such as Ordos block,South China block,Northeast China sub-block, et al.On the other hand,the inhomogeneous distribution feature of the surface speed field can be simulated better when considering the differential horizontal motion and bottom dragging of lithosphere which result in the conjugate shear stress gradient zones in this area at the same time. This implies that the Pacific plate subduction or the India-Eurasia collision may induce convection beneath continental lithosphere,causing the lower part moving faster than the upper part.Such differential movement fashion exerts very large influence on the regional dynamic process.The results also show that topography gravity,faults distribution and lateral inhomogeneity of the rheology structure have certain effect on the dynamic process as well.But those factors play the second role.


Abstract The use of grain sorghums in poultry diets has increased greatly during the past few years. Consumption of the grain in the field by wild birds is a major problem and has prompted the development of several bird-resistant varieties, the majority of these being brown seeded. The fact that bird resistance is attributed to the grain's tannin content has caused concern regarding the efficacy of its use in poultry diets. Chang and Fuller (1964) reported that growth depressions resulting from the feeding of high-tannin grain sorghums were similiar to those produced by equivalent levels of tannic acid. The feeding of grain sorghums high in tannin content resulted in significantly lower body weights, but feed consumption was not decreased. Therefore, it was believed that true tannin toxicity had been demonstrated. Supplementing diets containing grain sorghums of high and low tannin content with twice the normal supplemental levels of choline and methionine . . .


Aluminum alloys are one of the most extended groups of functional materials by reason of combination between good mechanical properties and low mass. The aim of the present paper is to test the influence of the vibrations on the AlSi10Mg (EN 1706-2010) solidification. For comparison, six lots were casted in cold and preheating molds, with or without vibrations within 50 Hz and 1050 Hz. For each casting frequency was measured the silicon phase dimension, hardness, tensile stress and impact strength. The mechanical properties increase with the vibration frequency. Increasing the vibration frequency, the structure will be refined and also the size of the silicon phase is decreasing. Considering that one source of porosity is the gas entrapped or dissolved in the liquid metal during the casting, using vibration along casting and cooling allows it's decreasing.