AbstrcatThis paper analyzed the Direct Torque Control(DTC)theory of PMSM.A DTC system of PMSM based on DSP and intellectual power module(IPM)is proposed,the hardware structure of the system of the system and the software design method are introduced in detail.the key control part of system is consisted of TI DSP TMS320LF2407,and main power part is made up of IPM PM30CSJ060.Experiment indicates that scheme is rational and the systematic structure is universal and compact.


Mainzer argues for Gower's usage of medieval texts of Ovid's Metamorphoses, Fasti, Heroides, and Ibis for many of the exempla in the CA. Much of the body of Mainzer's essay consists of a series of close comparisons between Gower's Ovidian tales and their equivalents in Ovid's Metamorphoses and various versions of the Ovide Moralise. By means of verbal parallels and shared narrative details a picture emerges of extensive borrowing from the medieval adaptations of Ovid. In addition, Gower appears to get the names of Eolen (Hercules' love interest) and Arrons (Tarquin's son) from some thirteenth-century glossed manuscripts of the Fasti. Similarly, Gower's telling of the story of "Demophon and Phyllis" was likely influenced by medieval commentaries on the Heroides, even though he could have borrowed the same details from Boccaccio's Genealogia Deorum. Lastly, Gower's knowledge of a glossed version of the Ibis may be established by his substitution of Dionysius in the place of Diomedes as the tyrant condemned in Book 7 for feeding human flesh to his horses. [CvD]


A study evaluating the safety and effectiveness of the VelaSmoothâ"¢ laser system has shown that a combination of radiofrequency energy, infrared light and mechanical manipulation can provide positive results in the treatment of cellulite.


Although there are quite a few streams of research on bureaucratic behavior, each goes its own way; furthermore, the main findings of each research do not provide satisfactory interpretations of bureaucratic behavior, and do not reflect complexity of human behavior. This article explores the basic approaches towards bureaucratic behavior, examining the characteristics of the four existing schools of bureaucratic behavior research and presenting the underlying assumptions of them. It also suggests building a composite model of research on bureaucratic behavior, which should accommodate the different motives that different schools have dealt with, provide a more comprehensive interpretation on bureaucratic behavior , and advance more of our understanding of the relations among the basic motives of bureaucrats, public interest, and organization performance.


Date Presented 04/22/2023
 OT has a role in assessing sports-related concussion symptoms in children to prevent inappropriate return to play and further injuries that extend the length of recovery. Dual-task assessments have increased sensitivity to detect these deficits.
 Primary Author and Speaker: Ghazala T. Saleem
 Additional Authors and Speakers: Jillian Lawton, Gianna Yurchak, Adam T. Sing, Anna Kromer
 Contributing Authors: Anna Kromer, Jillian Lawton, Adam T. Sing, Pak Hin Tang, Gianna Yurchak, Ghazala T. Saleem


States should consider how best to cooperate to exchange information, assist each other, prosecute terrorist and criminal use of ICTs and implement other cooperative measures to address such threats. States may need to consider whether new measures need to be developed in this respect.


In the field of holomorphic dynamics in one complex variable, hedgehog is the local invariant set arising about a Cremer point and endowed with a very complicate shape as well as relating to very weak numerical conditions. We give a solution to the open problem of its digital visualization, featuring either a time saving approach and a far-reaching insight.


And a centrifugal compressor (12) for a centrifugal compression to the substrate 1, and a motor 14 for rotating and driving a centrifugal compressor, a and a current detector 16 for detecting a drive current (I) of the electric motor, the compressed gas (2) it than the low-pressure section 3 in the in the an exhaust valve 18 for exhaust, and detects the sampling period (ts) to (a) the driving current (I), (B) measured in the sampling period (tp), a plurality Real-time updates the "moving average -n × standard deviation, that the drive current to the population as a current threshold value, and where n is an integer of not less than 34, the (C) exhaust valve 18 is closed and also the drive current ( I) if it is determined that the surging (surging), to less than the current threshold value (X) and determining the (D) surging, by opening the exhaust valve 18 to exhaust the compressed gas (2).


Sustainable production of renewable biofuels is being examined globally. First- and second-generation biofuels are not able to meet the demand.


: In this nationwide fight against poverty launched by the central government, colleges and universities have played an important role in winning the fight against poverty by virtue of their unique advantages in educational resources. It is necessary to summarize their typical experiences and practices in targeted poverty alleviation, so as to better apply them to the current work of serving rural revitalization. This paper analyzes the practice of education and training in the poverty alleviation practice of Beijing


Magnetic amplifier is a simple and high efficiency post regulator in auxiliary output of the multiple output power supplies. The Schottky diodes must be replaced by synchronous rectifiers (SRs) in low voltage output converters to improve the efficiency. In this paper, a new gate-driver scheme is proposed to maximize the efficiency of the synchronous rectifiers combined with magnetic amplifier post regulating. The forward converters with active clamp were chosen for the application. The new gate-driver scheme optimizes MOSFET turn-on and turn-off delays in synchronous rectifiers by measuring the current that pass through the magnetic amplifier. The additional current transformer detects the current and tries to prevent SRs body-diode conduction and continuously adjusts dead-time delays to minimize the conduction time interval. The operation principle will be explained first. The design guidelines and consideration are given following. A prototype of the proposed converter has been built and the experimental results are also presented.


Regarding the toxin input rate as control variable,the optimal problem of linearization three-competition system affected by toxicant and characterized by nonlinear dose response function is studied.The existence of optimal control element about the system is proved at near fixed species quantities.


In order to determine the drying % of cocoons, fresh cocoons were packed in OV/PE Polythene bags along with re-usable Silica gel having numerous large cavities or pores. Depending on the degree of drying applied Silica gels were replaced with fresh ones after a fixed period of time. Some fresh cocoons were dried by packing Silica gel along with an oxygen absorbing agent such as Ageless-Z. The results indicated that sealed dried cocoons had a driying % of 50% while the pupal drying percentage was about 33%. The quality of the cocoon shell was found to be nearly identical with that of fresh cocoons by the application of this drying procedure. When sealed cocoons were inspected after 108 days of preservation, the percentage of stained cocoons, raw silk of cocoons and reelability were found to be higher than those in cocoons dried in hot air.


Depth proe ling using photoacoustic spectra taken at multiple scanning speeds or modulation frequencies is normally impaired by the increase in spectral saturation that occurs with decreasing speed or frequency. Photothermal depth proe ling in general is also impeded by the ill conditioned nature of the mathematical problem of determining a depth proe le from photothermal data. This paper describes a method for reducing the saturation level in low-speed or low-frequency spectra to the level at high speed or frequency so that all spectra have the same saturation. The conversion method requires only magnitude spectra, so it is applicable to both conventional and phase-modulation photoacoustic spectra. This paper also demonstrates a method for quantitative depth proe ling with these converted spectra that makes use of prior knowledge about the type of proe le existing in a sample to reduce the instabilities associated with the mathematically ill conditioned task. Index Headings: Depth proe ling; Photoacoustic spectroscopy; PAS; Spectrum saturation.


We have numerically studied the Lyapunov spectra and the maximal Lyapunov exponent (MLE) in products of real symplectic correlated random matrices, each of which is produced by a modified Bernoulli map. As a statistical property, it has been well studied that the correlation function of the sequence of the map shows power-low decay. We can systematically investigate the influence of the correlation on the Lyapunov spectra and the fluctuation-strength dependence of the MLE. It is shown that the form of the scaled Lyapunov spectra does not change even if the correlation increases in the stationary region of the sequence, and in the nonstationary region, the form is quite different from the one in the stationary region. The power of the scaling law for the fluctuation-strength dependence of the MLE becomes small as the correlation increases, and a different scaling law can be observed in the strongly correlated nonstationary region as from the δ-correlated case.


With the further implementation of mathematics curriculum reform in basic education,activity teaching becomes a focus in mathematics classroom.Theoretically,activity teaching bears great significance of surpassing the traditional mathematics classroom instruction;however,there are many problems in practice.The reasons can be various,such as the mismatch of the technical links from theory to practice.However,the two sides of activity teaching in mathematics classroom,which are caused by the knowledge nature of mathematics and the fundamental concept of activity teaching,is also one of the main reasons.So we must understand the two sides theoretically and master the basic request of activity teaching in mathematics classroom,and make great effort to present its essence to implement activity teaching effectively.


Power generation based on wind energy has become a significant component in modern power system which has caused substantial increase in the wind power based research. In order to study the functionality of a Wind Turbine, this paper presents an emulation system that replicates the behavior of a real wind turbine for the purpose of creating a convenient test set to be used in a laboratory environment. The goal of the proposed model is to design, build, and test a wind turbine emulator capable of modeling the behavior of a 1 MW Wind Turbine. First, a mathematical model was developed using one of Power coefficient expression given for a 1 MW Wind Turbine. Then, the Model was implemented in a software simulation along with DC Motor acting as the Wind Turbine. The effectiveness of the developed model was found feasible as the simulation results of the developed wind turbine system verified the high feasibility and good performance.


Several researchers have considered the use of passages within documents as useful units of representation as individual passages may capture accurately the topic of discourse in a document. In this work, each document is indexed as a series of unique passages. We explore and analyse a number of similarity measures which take into account the similarity at passage level with the aim of improving the quality of the answer set. We define a number of such passage level approaches and compare their performance. Mean average precision (MAP) and precision at k documents (P@k) are used as measures of the quality of the approaches. The results show that for the different test collections, the rank of a passage is a useful measure, and when used separately or in conjunction with the document score can give better results as compared to other passage or document level similarity approaches.


Robust H∞ control has been widely studied to improve control performance for industrial process control systems against disturbances. However, most of existing robust H∞ control are model-based, and their deployment in some industrial facilities may greatly increase the installation and maintenance costs due to requiring system identification. Towards this end, a model-free robust H∞ tracking control scheme is developed based on game theoretical reinforcement learning (RL) for discrete-time linear systems with unknown dynamics. The normal robust H∞ tracking control problem is first modeled as a two-player zero-sum game with the controller and disturbance as the two players. A model-based solution by solving game discrete-time differential Riccati equation (GDARE) is introduced to show the solvability of the robust H∞ tracking control problem, and then a novel off-policy RL algorithm is developed to replace the GDARE method for model-free robust H∞ tracking control of the discrete-time linear systems with unknown dynamics. Stability of the learning algorithm is analyzed. Finally, a simulation study upon a de-oiling hydrocyclone system is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


A novel type of water-soluble macromolecular UV absorber PVAm-g-BP-4 was synthesized with 2-hydroxybenzophenone as UV absorbing group and polyvinylamine(PVAm) as backbone.PVAm-g-BP-4 was synthesized in two steps.Reactive intermediate 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-chlorosulfonylbenzophenone(CBP-4) was first synthesized from 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfo-benzophenone(BP-4) with thionyl chloride as chlorination agent and solvent and N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) as catalyst:the yield of the intermediate could reach 94.5%.And then,PVAm-g-BP-4 was synthesized by grafting CBP-4 onto PVAm.CBP-4 was confirmed to be grafted onto PVAm through TLC,IR and UV spectroscopy.The preparation conditions of the intermediate and the target products were optimized by studying the dosage of catalyst,reaction temperature,reaction time,solvents volume ratio,etc.The application of PVAm-BP-4 on cotton fibers shows that it can furnish the fibers with good anti-UV property and its wash fastness was exceptional.


Abstract GIGANTEA (GI) is a conserved plant‐specific gene that modulates a range of environmental responses in multiple plant species, including playing a key role in photoperiodic regulation of flowering time. The C4 grass Sorghum bicolor is an important grain and subsistence crop, animal forage, and cellulosic biofuel feedstock that is tolerant of abiotic stresses and marginal soils. To understand sorghum flowering time regulatory networks, we characterized the sbgi‐ems1 nonsense mutant allele of the sorghum GIGANTEA (SbGI) gene from a sequenced M4 EMS‐mutagenized BTx623 population. sbgi‐ems1 plants flowered later than wild type siblings under both long‐day or short‐day photoperiods. Delayed flowering in sbgi‐ems1 plants accompanied an increase in node number, indicating an extended vegetative growth phase prior to flowering. sbgi‐ems1 plants had reduced expression of floral activator genes SbCO and SbEHD1 and downstream FT‐like florigen genes SbFT, SbCN8, and SbCN12. Therefore, SbGI plays a role in regulating SbCO and SbEHD1 expression that serves to accelerate flowering. SbGI protein physically interacts with the sorghum FLAVIN‐BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F‐BOX1‐like (SbFFL) protein, a conserved flowering‐associated blue light photoreceptor, and the SbGI‐SbFFL interaction is stimulated by blue light. This work demonstrates that SbGI is an activator of sorghum flowering time upstream of florigen genes under short‐ and long‐day photoperiods, likely in association with the activity of the blue light photoreceptor SbFFL. Significance Statement This study elucidates molecular details of flowering time networks for the adaptable C4 cereal crop Sorghum bicolor, including demonstration of a role for blue light sensing in sorghum GIGANTEA activity. This work validates the utility of a large publicly available sequenced EMS‐mutagenized sorghum population to determine gene function.


Systematic software development process involves estimation of size, effort, schedule and cost of a software project and analysis of critical factors affecting these estimates. In literature there are many methods for software estimation and categorization of critical factors. More than 50% of the projects undertaken have challenged the initially proposed estimates. Even if we consider updating estimates at various phases of software development, the percentage of challenged projects reduces marginally. The reason for such a situation is that the decisions are made on historical and collected data. Therefore, software data collection to a reasonable accuracy and its validation is important both for decision making and validating software development process. In this paper an effort is made to highlight the importance of software data collection. Collected data is utilized to validate effort estimation model formulated by the authors. Comparison of effort values obtained from popular estimation models is also made. The data collected has also helped in identifying the critical factors affecting the estimates.


"Fairy tales have always been in a state of reincarnation" (Crowley); and thematic elements originating in fairy tales, such as portrayals of the female, and interfemale relationships, often reincarnate their way into film, either consciously or unconsciously. These familiar archetypes and motifs reveal important ingrained and conditioned ideologies about women as well as primitive the upwelling of fears and desires from the subconscious. Of the various types of female relations portrayed in fairy tales, the dichotomy of the representation of the older "Wicked Stepmother" in contrast with her young "enslaved" maiden has become an expected staple of the genre. In postfeminist films of the present day, this "Cinderella" theme of enslavement of young females by unjust, draconic, or tyrannical older females who take on a matriarchal role of authority is evident in the Japanese animated film Spirited Away (2001) and the American film The Devil Wears Prada (2006). There are hundreds of Cinderellas in film. The overwhelming majority of which are modeled off the sanitized and child-friendly animated version of the folktale created by Walt Disney in 1950. In the creation of his film Disney drew heavily from the tale variation transcribed by Frenchman Charles Perrault in 1697 in his slim anthology Histoires ou contes du temps passé, avec des moralités: Contes de ma mère l'Oye, or Stories or Tales from Times Past, with Morals: Tales of Mother Goose. Disney's influence on the genre of fairy tale films has been so great that "it has been virtually impossible for any filmmaker born after 1945 not to have been exposed to a Disney fairy tale film as a result of the powerful marketing and distribution of all products by the Disney Corporation" (Greenhill xi). As such, many present day filmmakers often incorporate intertextual references to Disney's fairy tales. This incorporation of elements from Disney's films often originates from the animated works that were influential in the filmmaker's own development either as an individual or as an auteur. Many films we may not recognize as "fairy tales" can contain thematic elements unnoticed at first glance due to Walt Disney's all encompassing domination of the genre, such as Steven Spielberg's A.I.: Artificial Intelligence which contains a significant parallel to Carlo Collodi's Pinocchio (Greenhill). Through his ingenuity and marketing Walt Disney has "established a model of conformity that hundreds of other filmmakers have followed up until today" (Greenhill xi). In Disney's further sanitization of Perrault's already heavily sanitized and didactical tale he preserved the role of virginal heroine for Cinderella and the role of villain for the "Wicked" stepmother. Indeed, it would hardly be "Cinderella" without the wickedness of the stepmother, as "[t]he plots of 'Cinderella' stories are driven by the anxious jealousy of biological mothers and stepmothers who subject the heroine to one ordeal of domestic drudgery after another" (Tatar 102). In both Spirited Away and The Devil Wears Prada the false-mother characters of Yubaba and Miranda Priestly (Meryl Streep) inflict virtual enslavement while the young maiden protagonists must attempt to prove their goodness through industry in order to ultimately achieve independence from her Wicked Stepmother. In these modernized films the third-wave feminist movement's promotion of the self-fulfilled and independent female have produced more industrious, proactive female characters, who, while seeking a path to independent womanhood, do not find fulfillment (as the elder Cinderella did) in matrimony and connubial bliss. In the animated film Spirited Away, Hayao Miyazaki, the auteur, has portrayed Chihiro (voiced by Rumi Hiragi) as a girl on the cusp of adolescence. As she transgresses into the spirit world her true mother is transformed into a pig and is then replaced by the maternal tyranny of Yubaba, the proprietress of the bathhouse and a literal "wicked witch". Her employment with Yubaba consists of the domestic drudgery, such as cleaning floors, and generational conflict that typifies Cinderella plots. This replacement of the good mother with a bad "mother" is indicative of Freudian theories of childhood growth and attitudes towards Wicked Stepmothers and parental figures in traditional fairy tales. Karen E. Rowe (and Bruno Bettelheim) suggest, "As the child matures, she becomes increasingly conscious of conflicting needs for both infantile nurturing and independence...By splitting the maternal role" the child can safely act out aggressions toward this bad false-mother (Rowe 213). In Spirited Away, The Devil Wears Prada and Disney's Cinderella this is expressed in their rebellion and expressions of distaste for the mother figure. Another Freudian aspect of the conflict and slavery of the Cinderella is the coveting of, and competition over, males in the semi-Oedipal conflict in Spirited Away over the young male dragon Haku who is apprenticed to Yubaba. This jealous guarding of males is also present in the traditional Cinderella tale in the desire for the presence and attention of the father, and can also be seen in The Devil Wears Prada in a scene where Andrea "Andy" Sachs (Anne Hathaway) accidentally invades the home of Miranda Priestly and disturbs Priestly and her husband in an intimate environment and must cope with a vindictive, retaliatory load of nearly impossible domestic chores foisted upon her by Miranda Priestly. In The Devil Wears Prada, an adaptation of a book by the same name by Lauren Weisberger, the maternal tyranny of Miranda Priestly, like the traditional "Cinderella" is also inflicted through menial tasks and chores upon Andrea. In Perrault's own words, "She employed her in the meanest work of the house. She scoured the dishes, tables, etc., and cleaned


Silicon tip fabrication by wet anisotropic etching using Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and Tetra Methyl Ammonium Hydroxide (TMAH) was studied under varying process conditions using thermal oxide as a mask. The fabrication was carried out using only wet etching with a single layer of optical lithography. The mask structures used for the formation of tips were circles of different dimeter ranging from 30 μm to 120 μm to fabricate the tips with diameter from 40nm to 400nm, without post oxidation sharpening method. Experiments were carried out under two different conditions: a) Beaker containing small volume with constant stirring and b) Bulk volume MEMS bath with and without recirculation and filtration. The results were analyzed to understand the nature of alkali solution and the effect of temperature and method of recirculation/filtration on the dimensions and nature of the tips formed, along with the behavior of the oxide mask in the two different solutions.


Abstract Clinical supervision is key to the delivery and governance of effective psychological work. We place increasing emphasis on the evidence base in our clinical decision making, and yet there is no comparable body of information to inform our supervisory practice. This is a serious problem for psychological therapists; there is an urgent need for theoretically driven and empirically evaluated approaches to supervision, and the training of such skills. This preliminary evaluation examined the impact of a 5-day training designed for Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) supervisors new to the role. A within-subject, repeated-measures design was used to compare self-assessed supervision competencies over the course of training. Twenty-eight IAPT supervisors completed 5 days' training based on the Supervision Competencies Framework and IAPT Supervision Guidance. Significant improvements were found in ratings of generic, specific, applied and meta-supervision competencies, as well as overall competency. This evaluation gives preliminary support for the impact of training on supervisory competencies. There are clear limitations, particularly the lack of objective measures and comparison training. Nevertheless, in the context of a very limited evidence base to date, the study contributes to a more robust approach to developing supervisory competence in clinical practice.


The inhibitory effect of beer on aldose reductase was investigated. Components present in beer strongly inhibited aldose reductase. Inhibition activity was observed primarily in the methanol-soluble fraction of the beer and active components were identified to be of hop origin. Further, a component was identified as iso-α-acids, which are well known as main bitter components of beer. The inhibition rate of iso-α-acids was similar to quercetin, which is known to be a strong inhibitor of aldose reductase activity.


Background: COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in nearly 55,000 deaths in India and over 800,000 deaths worldwide. Despite several clinical trials there is no effective proven treatment currently available for this condition and the mainstay of management is only supportive.

Methods: Data from consecutive patients presenting to a telemedicine clinic between May and August 2020 with severe COVID 19 and receiving domiciliary treatment with oral cotrimoxazole in addition to standard therapy was collected and retrospectively analyzed.

Results: 14 patients received cotrimoxazole in addition to standard therapy. Following start of the treatment regimen, all of the patients showed marked improvement in their clinical parameters including fever and oxygen requirements. In addition we observed that all the patients receiving cotrimoxazole in addition to standard therapy made complete recovery. Only one patient required hospital admission for a transient period.

Conclusion: This observation warrants an urgent clinical trial. If the above results are replicated in future trials it may change the way in which we manage patients with this potentially life-threatening condition.


ABSTRACT:A Woman of Affairs (1928), produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a Greta Garbo vehicle, was based on Michael Arlen's succès de scandale novel The Green Hat (1924), one of the books banned by the Hays Office, which imposed a great number of changes on the screenplay and forced the studio to conceive a new plot. This article studies, from a historical as well as an aesthetic point of view, the constraints placed by the MPPDA on the production and on director Clarence Brown's use of visual images to convey the full content of the novel. As a result, A Woman of Affairs presents two separate and contradictory story lines: the narrative revealed by the images and the official speech supervised by the censors and featured in the intertitles of the film.


A new and sensitive potentiometric method has been developed and characterized for four novel sensors responsive to ondansetron hydrochloride. The potentiometric sensor method includes advancement of ondansetron hydrochloride sensors using a membrane comprised of molybdophosphoric acid (MPA) and ondansetron as an electro-active material in a polyvinylchloride (PVC) matrix membrane plasticized with di-butyl phthalate (DBPH), ortho-nitrophenyloctyl ether (O-NPOE), di-octyl phthalate (DOPH), or di-butyl phosphate (DBP). The validity of sensors in the present work has been examined, and steady and reproducible responses were obtained over the concentration ranges of 7.3 × 10−5 to 1.0 × 10−2, 6.6 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−2, 1.0 × 10−5 to 1.0 × 10−2, and 2.0 × 10−5 to 1.0 × 10−2 M for DBPH-, O-NPOE-, DOPH-, and DBP-ondansetron, respectively. The sensors revealed Nernstian gradients of 59.61 ± 0.50, 57.71 ± 0.23, 53.01 ± 0.14, and 53.20 ± 0.35 mV per decade individually with pH ranges of 2.5–5.5 in DBPH and 3.5–5.0 in O-NPOE electrodes, and 4.0–5.5 for both individual DOPH and DBP plasticized film-based sensors. The time responses for the sensors were 30, 32, 31, and 29 s for DBPH-, O-NPOE-, DOPH-, and DBP-ondansetron, respectively. The developed sensors also exhibited high selectivity towards ondansetron hydrochloride against different interfering species of inorganic particles with long-term stability of approximately 41, 36, 18, and multiple days for the DBPH, O-NPOE, DOPH, and DBP electrodes.


COVID-19 pandemic induced dramatic modification of interpersonal relationship and health habit. Both the first and the second wave of the pandemic have been associated with a high morbidity and mortality leading to a serious crisis in the health system in all Countries. Italy, especially the Northern Regions, was one of the first Western Countries to be devastated by this "health hurricane" and most of the subsequent decisions taken in terms of health policy have caused such upheavals in public opinion that they could not even be imaginable before the advent of COVID-19 pandemic. As a consequence, ordinary people have gone from viewing doctors fighting the COVID-19 pandemic as heroes during the first wave to as part of the system preventing freedom of movement by enforcing quarantine measures during the second wave.


Featuring the modified hypernetted-chain (MHNC) scheme as a variational fitting procedure, we demonstrate that the accuracy of the variational perturbation theory (VPT) and of the method based on additivity of equations of state is determined by the excess entropy dependence of the bridge-function parameters [i.e., $\ensuremath{\eta}(s)$ when the Percus-Yevick hard-sphere bridge functions are employed]. It is found that $\ensuremath{\eta}(s)$ is nearly universal for all soft (i.e., "physical") potentials while it is distinctly different for the hard spheres, providing a graphical display of the "jump" in pair-potential space (with respect to accuracy of VPT) from "hard" to "soft" behavior. The universality of $\ensuremath{\eta}(s)$ provides a local criterion for the MHNC scheme that should be useful for inverting structure-factor data in order to obtain the potential. An alternative local MHNC criterion due to Lado is rederived and extended, and it is also analyzed in light of the plot of $\ensuremath{\eta}(s)$.


Phenology is potentially a powerful tool for
monitoring the response of plant and animal to
climate change. In fact, phenological
observations are a valuable source of
information for investigating the relationship
between climate and weather variation and plant
and animal development (Kramer et al., 2000,
Ahas et al., 2002, Menzel et al., 2003).
The objectives of this paper are (1) to
develop a detailed phenological scale, using the
extended BBCH-scale system, for describing
phenological behaviour of Mediterranean
species growing in a Mediterranean-type
climate, and (2) to evaluate the sensitivity of
some Mediterranean species to climatic
manipulations.


This article deals with the development of three competencies defined and studied in the context of Statistics Education (literacy, thinking and statistical reasoning). These competencies based on interpretation and understanding of critical information from real data are associated with an education geared toward the formation of critical citizenship and are in agreement with the principles that guide Critical Education. In this context, we consider Mathematical Modeling as a concrete possibility for integration between Critical Education and Education Statistics. We show that work with modeling projects in the classroom takes place in a context in which teaching is guided by the fundamentals of Critical Education. We present a project entitled "Teaching Statistics and the financial market" which illustrates the congruence between the objectives of Education Statistics and Critical Education.


The energy dependent guiding of high current density (0.1–3 A/m2) argon ion beams through a micro-glass-capillary is studied. It is observed that ion transmission through the capillary takes place only if its energy is greater than the retarding potential barrier, which depends upon the amount of charge deposited on the capillary inner wall. Foremost evidence of the observation that the transmitted current exhibits hysteresis with ion energy is presented. Particle in cell simulations carried out by solving Poisson's and Newton's force equation self-consistently, agree reasonably well with the experimental results.


Abstract The effects of 1 MeV electron irradiation on crystalline Ge/Al or Si/Al bilayer specimens at 10 K have been studied in situ by high-voltage electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that a crystalline-to-amorphous (c-to-a) transition takes place at the interface of a Ge/Al bilayer specimen only if the Ge layer faces the incident beam, while amorphization occurs in a Si/Al bilayer specimen regardless of the incident beam's direction with respect to the bilayer specimen. Diffuse rings in selected-area diffraction patterns first appear at a fluence of about 3 × 1023 cm−2 (about 30, 19 or 18 displacements per atom in Ge, Si or Al respectively), and the amorphous volume fraction increases with increasing fluence. These results can be understood in terms of a simple recoil-implantation mechanism.


School geography in England has been largely silent on issues around race, which stands in contrast to important strands of thought in the discipline. In this intervention, we explore two influentia...


Electric machine for aircraft propulsion is required to have high power density and high reliability, but the harsh operating environment, such as low air pressure, will challenge the motor's insulation system. This article presents the partial discharge (PD) investigation of the form-wound winding in high-frequency electric machines for electric aircraft propulsion. Experimental results show that the PD activity is largely enhanced due to the decrease in air pressure. PD inception voltage (PDIV) decreases to ~50%–60%, and the PD magnitude dramatically increases when the pressure drops from 1 to 0.2 atm. Several windings with introduced defects were also tested to extract features from phase-resolved PD (PRPD) analysis, which can be used for PD pattern recognition. In addition, a PD-based failure precursor, combining the apparent charge, number, and phase interval of the monitored PD profile, is proposed to monitor the insulating condition of the thermally and electrically aged windings. The proposed failure precursor generally shows a rising trend with the aging time in this article. The application of the proposed failure precursor on online condition monitoring needs more investigation through long-term online observation of the electric machine.


The aim of expert system for cartography is the transferring the cartographical expert skills to non-professionals. Expert system is a software application, which uses artificial intelligence and can reach levels comparable to human expert. The base of expert system is a establishing a knowledge base. These four activities are necessary to ensure transfer of expertise knowledge from expert to expert system, and then to the user: the acquisition of knowledge, interpretation skills, knowledge and derive the transfer of knowledge to the user. This contribution is in detail focused on the first activity the acquisition of knowledge. Source of knowledge are experts cartographers or written sources. In this case, the written sources are cartography textbooks, maps, and atlases. Gaining the knowledge from experts is laborious and time-consuming activity very often is led using interview. Cartographic knowledge must be organized in the expert system as rules or design patterns (object oriented) and stored in a cartographic knowledge-base. You can easily imagine this as typical model template of a specific map. Data must be stored in base with the requisite degree of professional qualification, which is required for backward utilization in the development of deductive conclusions in the map-making process. Expert system for cartography must contain the following elements of knowledge: theory and facts of cartography, metaknowledge, a general strategy how to assemble a map output, not least the rules and procedures of applied cartography.


The multimedia technologies in the education domain application, urged traditional the education way to have the profound reform. This article elaborated the multimedia technologies in the teaching the application superiority as well as some limelight, can have the help by the time to the general teacher.


A large part of the population in Tanzania consists of rural smallholder farmers. Due to lack of market information, farmers sell crops to middlemen at lower prices and hence don't get enough profits. Previously we developed a WEB and SMS (Short Message Service) based Farmers Market Information System using a Waterfall model which automatically replies to farmers' requests for market prices of crops through SMS. We then improved the system so that, farmers can access crop buyers' details and crop demand reports through SMS while crop buyers can access farmers' details and crop demand reports through SMS or WEB. We also evaluated the effectiveness of the system to crop buyers' incomes and times for accessing market information after implementing the system in Tanzania in the SWAHILI language. In this paper we further evaluate the system effectiveness. Findings reveal that the system helped farmers to get improved incomes and access market information in shorter times. The system also helped farmers and crop buyers to sell and buy larger quantities of crops respectively. The findings also reveal that young people can learn and use the system more easily than old people. Users can also easily learn and use the system if they can read and write in the SWAHILI language regardless of their education levels.


SUMMARY The paucity of distributions that can be used as an aid to modelling the structure of multivariate data is a recognized limitation. We present a relatively simple family of distributions for use in describing data which are not elliptically symmetric. Properties of the family are discussed and it is shown that multivariate Pareto, Burr and Logistic distributions are special cases. In addition, simulation methods for applications in Monte Carlo robustness studies are outlined and, finally, the fit to a data set on uranium exploration is compared to that obtained using the usual bivariate normal distribution.


In the present work, we theoretically study the entropy of a Cooper pair box coupled to a one-dimensional transmission line resonator. The proposed scheme uses the Jaynes-Cummings model in presence of losses to study the time avolution of the system entropy. The coupling of these two subsystems provides an important indication of the influence of Cooper pair box on the evolution of system entropy. Decaying CPB allows us to control variation of entropy at certain times.


The process of passive transport of borate and tetraborate ions was studied in the root of carrot and in the tuber of potato with a quantitative microradiographic method. The boron concentration profiles developing within the plants were determined after various diffusion times, by utilization of the 10B(n, α) 7Li nuclear reaction. A polycarbonate nuclear track detector registered the 7Li nuclei and the alpha-particles. The differential equation of linear diffusion combined with convection was used to describe the concentration profiles within the plants. The diffusion coefficients were determined by means of a computer programme.


This attempt to recall the `atmosphere' of the events of the Spanish Civil War, is a collection of more than 300 personal accounts, based on recorded interviews.


There are proposed by a vehicle, a method and a device for driver information or respond lane departure. The driver warning or driver intervention is dependent on the driving situation, particularly on the nature of an edge marking the lane.


In the context of A. Connes' spectral triples, a suitable notion of morphism is introduced. Discrete groups with length function provide a natural example for our definitions. A. Connes' construction of spectral triples for group algebras is a covariant functor from the category of discrete groups with length functions to that of spectral triples. Several interesting lines for future study of the categorical properties of spectral triples and their variants are suggested.


Charity turns out to be the virtue which is both the root and the fruit of salvation in Langland's Piers Plowman, a late fourteenth-century poem, the greatest theological poem in English. It takes time, suffering and error upon error for Wille, the central protagonist in Piers Plowman, to grasp Charity. Wille is both a figure of the poet and a power of the soul, voluntas, the subject of charity. Langland's poem offers a profound and beautiful exploration of Charity and the impediments to Charity, one in which individual and collective life is inextricably bound together. This exploration is characteristic of late medieval Christianity. As such it is also an illuminating work in helping one identify and understand what happened to this virtue in the Reformation. Only through diachronic studies which engage seriously with medieval writing and culture can we hope to develop an adequate grasp of the outcomes of the Reformation in theology, ethics and politics, and, I should add, the remakings of what we understand by "person" in these outcomes. Although this essay concentrates on one long and extremely complex medieval work, it actually belongs to a diachronic inquiry. This will only be explicit in some observations on Calvin when I consider Langland's treatment of Christ's crucifixion and in some concluding suggestions about the history of this virtue.


over which their own ancestors ruled. The focus of the text is therefore dynastic in the same restricted way as that, say, of the Chin in China after the overthrow of the Northern Sung. For modern authors of survey histories of Vietnam, it will be found as useful as Langlet claims, but hardly adequate on its own. The Hoang Le Nhat Thong Chi merits a degree less attention. The original authors' purpose (in the 1810s?) was, even more narrowly, to highlight the jealousy and intrigue at the Trinh court that sapped the energies of the state during the latter part of the Le dynasty and (they agree) caused the downfall of the entire political system in the late 1780s. It parallels the Conspectus, but the four chapters Miss Phan has translated and edited narrate events after Langlet's period; even so, they stop short of the interregnum of the Tay Son rulers and the establishment of the Nguyen dynasty the latter mentioned in the original text but with little detail. The text here also is Chinese and was probably put together bit by bit as the events occurred; but Miss Phan has made her French translation from one of the four Vietnamese versions. It is, unfortunately, altogether a lesser work both as historical source and because, though very well translated, it does not afford opportunities for exercise of notable scholarship. Perhaps the savage barbarity and greed with which anecdotally and with abundance of spurious oratio recta and rhyming couplets rulers and mandarins are portrayed treating both their subjects and one another is an honest record of what went on; but at times the reader would feel relief if only there were some slight ground for hope that the gossip is scurrilous exaggeration after all. Impressions of contemporary Western travellers' tales detract from that hope.


While there is a wealth of literature on community-campus engagement (CCE) that incorporates student perspectives from course-based community service learning settings, the stories of students involved in longer-term CCE projects remain underexplored. This paper addresses this gap by examining the experiences of students working as research assistants (RAs) within a multi-year Canadian CCE project, "Community First: Impacts of Community Engagement" (CFICE). Drawing on interviews with RAs, student insights from a general evaluation of the CFICE project, and the authors' own reflections, we consider the ways in which meaningful, long-standing engagements with community partners as part of community-first CCE projects provide students with both enhanced opportunities and challenges as they navigate the complexities of intersecting academic and community worlds. Further, this paper identifies promising practices to improve student experiences and the overall impact of longer-term community-campus partnerships and program management structures.


Purpose
With the application and development of intelligent clothing and wearable technology, the term "micro-interaction" has gradually entered people's lives. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper takes the concept of "micro-interaction" as the design principle, starting from the consumer demand, combing the realization mode of the intelligent safety clothing in recent years, and finds out the existing problems in the design of the intelligent safety clothing.

Findings
Under the concept of micro-interaction, a new theoretical model has been proposed to study intelligent safety clothing. Finally, the paper also emphasizes the importance of the industrialization of the proposed model.

Originality/value
The paper proposes a new research and development mode for intelligent clothing in safety protection area which is a pioneering study and can be valuable for safety clothing manufacturers to produce more functional and attractive products.


Although individual environmental factors influence behavioral plasticity, animals live in complex environments wherein multiple environmental factors vary simultaneously. Here, we investigated whether temperature and food intake independently or interactively affected the boldness and feeding behavior of juvenile corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus, Linnaeus). Because thermal environments in which animals can behaviorally thermoregulate by moving among microclimates are likely more realistic and ecologically relevant than fluctuating or constant temperature regimes, we manipulated the availability of preferred thermal microclimates (control vs. warm regimes) for 8 weeks and allowed individuals to move among microclimates. By also manipulating food intake and controlling for phenotypic repeatability of behavior, we demonstrate context-specific effects of temperature and food intake on behavioral plasticity. Temperature and food intake independently affected feeding behavior (i.e., unidimensional plasticity), but these factors interactively affected boldness in an open arena (i.e., multidimensional plasticity). Clearly, complex environments can exert multifaceted effects on behavior. Therefore, examining the effects of individual environmental factors (e.g., temperature or food availability) may be an overly simplistic approach to understanding how animals respond to rapidly changing environments.


Objective To analyze the factors causing the outbreak and epidemic of bacterial dysentery in 2001 in Longgang Town of Shenzhen City and discuss the corresponding preventive and therapeutic measures for this disease. Methods Retrospective investigation of situation,and measures for control of bacterial dysentery in 2001. Results Most of patient(65.6%) are workers working in factory and age from 15 to 35years old and 95.3% of them were temporary inhabitant; Most infecting occurred in April and August(70.3%). The patients distributed mainly in three villages:as Xinsheng, Longgang and Ailian(71.9%).The three outbreaks of bacterial dysentery were food-boren. Conclusions The outbreaks of bacterial dysentery was due to the move in of mobile population and poor sanitary conditon in factory's canteens .The key measures for control of bacterial dysentry are improve the sanitary conditions in the factory canteen and strengthening health propaganda and health education.


Muscarinic receptors are altered by sulfhydryl reagents. Arsenic compounds, which have been used as insecticides, exert their toxic effects by combining with sulfhydryl groups. We compared the action of arsenicals and other sul~vdryl reagents on the muscarinic receotor from invertebrate and vertebrate species (locust and rat). Di~ul~de-reducing reagents dithiothreit~l (DTT) and British Anti- Lewisite (BAL), but not arsenicals, inhibited (%I)quinuclidinyi benzilate (13H)QNB) binding. However, after disulfide reduction, arsenicals caused a further inhibition of muscarinic binding. The effect of DTT + arsenicals was largely irreversible. The locust receptors were more sensitive to the action of both disulfide reagents either in the absence or presence of arsenicals than the rat receptors. The sulfhydryl reagent p-chloromercuric benzoate (PCMB) was more effective at inhibiting the locust receptors than the rat receptors, but addition of arsenicals did not cause further inhibition in either the locust or rat receptors. In locust, DTT + cacodyiate and DTT + arsenite caused a reduction in the number of sites without modifying the affinity of ()H)QNB binding. In rat, DTT + arsenite caused a decrease in the affinity, while DTT + cacodylate caused a decrease in the affinity of (3H)QNB binding and its number of sites. Competition experiments after DlT + cacodylate showed that the lcso and the Hill coefficient (nH) remained unchanged in the locust. In the rat, the ICY" for atropine was increased without alteration in the rtH, and both parameters were increased for carbachol. These results are explained assuming that the binding site of the locust receptor has a disulfide group similar to that of the mammalian receptor, but that the hydrophobic interactions within the binding site are weaker in the locust receptor. The higher sensiti~ty of the insect receptor to sul~yd~l reagents could be of interest for developing methods of pest control.


This presentation reported interim findings of a qualitative research project that aims to develop a structured system whereby the use of TurningPoint and MyPortfolio technology in urban design studio crits at the undergraduate level is used as a vehicle to engage students in flexible learning and reflective exercise that encourage the development of transferable skills (academic; self-management; communication; and inter-personal). The paper will firstly account on the preparatory stages of the research: (1) structuring of the hard and e-copy template for questionnaires built up from detailed desk-based review of current literature on the application of technology to support both peer-assessment and use of feedback as well as best practice in flexible learning; and (2) set up of interactive forum and MyPortfolio activities in the Moodle virtual learning environment (VLE), where students record, share and reflect on their learning experience(s). Secondly, it will report on the results from students' questionnaires and focus groups filled and held after the various crits of each design project to discuss wider benefits such as linking feedback to assessment criteria, enabling students to identify strengths and weaknesses in their performance, helping to identify learning targets, enhancing engagement with feedback.


17.1 INTRODUCTION Human settlements interrelationship with environment was introduced to enable the participants to gain an understanding of demographic pressure on environment patterns and to analyse the effects of the household sector on environment. To achieve the aims the aims of the course the topic was arranged as follows: • Human settlements concept; • Agenda 21; • Methodology; • Human settlements statistics; • Data collection instrument at the national and city level and UNCHS habitat's experience in the collection of human settlements statistics and are there any suggestion on how to improve it?; • Publications, databases, worldwide web as an alternative media of data dissemination. 17.2 HUMAN SETTLEMENTS CONCEPT In order to have adequate human settlements the natural environment is encroached upon to create the man made environment. The key question are what limits should we have in encroaching natural resources. Human settlements is not synonymous with housing but rather it is the physical articulation of the social, economic, political activities of the people. Human settlements includes housing, shelter, services and infrastructure. The main objective for human settlements is to improve quality of life. The definition of human settlement is as given below: " The fabric of human settlements consists of physical elements and services to which these elements provide the material support. The physical components comprise shelter, i.e. the superstructures of different shape, size, type and materials erected by mankind for security, privacy , and protection from the elements and for his singularity within a community; infrastructure , i.e. the complex networks designed to deliver or remove from the shelter people, goods, energy of information. Services cover those required by a community for the fulfilment of its functions as a social body, such as education, health, culture, welfare, recreation and nutrition. " 17.3 AGENDA 21. The major issues raised with regard to human settlements in the Agenda 21 is the problems of overconsumption which leads to wastage of natural resources. The need to provide the basic needs of shelter, food, water and clothing is also highlighted.


The structures of di-O-α-maltosyl β-cyclodextrins ((G2)2-β-CDs), which were produced from α-maltosylfluoride (α-G2F) and cyclodextrin (CD) by the transfer action of debranching enzymes, were examined by the enzymic method using Bacillus subtilis saccharifying α-amylase (BSA). (G2)2-β-CD was converted to (G1)2-β-CD by treatment with glucoamylase before the examination. BSA completely hydrolyzed (G1)2-β-CD to produce glucose, 63-O-α-glucosylmaltotriose, and 63,65-di-O-α-glucosyl maltopentaose. (G2)2-β-CD was the mixture of 6A,6c-di-O-α-maltosyl β-CD and 6A,6D-di-O-α-maltosyl β-CD. The ratio of A,C/A,D in (G2)2-β-CD synthesized with Pseudomonas isoamylase and Aerobacter pullulanase were 40:60–45:55 and 30:70, respectively.The content of 6A,6c-di-O-α-maltosyl γ-CD in (G2)2-γ-CD synthesized by isoamylase was about 35%.


Phasor measurement units (PMUs) have become powerful monitoring tools for many applications in smart grids. In order to address the different issues related to harmonics in power systems, the fundamental phasor estimator in a PMU has been extended to the harmonic phasor estimator by several researchers around the world. Yet, the development of harmonic phasor estimators is a challenge because they have to consider time-varying frequencies since the frequency deviation in the harmonic components is proportional to the harmonic order in a dynamic way. In this work, a new algorithm for harmonic phasor estimation using an instantaneous single-sideband (SSB) modulation is presented. Unlike other SSB-based approaches, its implementation in this work is based on concepts of instantaneous phase and instantaneous frequency. In general, the proposed algorithm is divided into two stages. Firstly, the estimation of the fundamental phasor is carried out by means of a complex finite impulse response (FIR) filter which provides the analytic signal used to compute the instantaneous magnitude, phase, and frequency. Secondly, a complex FIR filter bank is proposed for the estimation of the harmonic components, where the instantaneous SSB modulation technique is applied in order to center the harmonic components into specific narrow bands for each complex filter when an off-nominal frequency occurs. The validation of the proposed algorithm is carried out by means of the current standards of phasor measurement units, i.e., Std. C37.118.1-2011 and C37.118.1a-2014, which involve steady-state, dynamic, and time performance tests.


A system and method for improving the low-temperature cooling process streams in the manufacture of polycrystalline silicon. The disclosed systems and methods while providing refrigeration from the vaporized nitrogen recovery and the ability to recover refrigeration capacity from the cold stream of hydrogen and silane in the manufacture of hydrogen cryogenic cooling during the process stream polysilicon. Cryogenic cooling system and an improved method for reducing the total consumption of liquid nitrogen, the cooling performance without compromising silane and hydrogen cryogenically cooled process stream.


Computerized literature searches have become a standard way of collecting articles when reviewing various topical areas in science. In particular, researchers involved with the DSM-IV used computerized literature searches as a basis of the initial reviews when forming this classification. This article examined the performance of MEDLINE and PsycLIT when searching the 1985 personality disorder literature in nine psychiatric and psychological journals. MEDLINE identified the largest number of articles but tended to be overinclusive in its selection of articles. PsycLIT identified fewer articles and errored in the direction of being underinclusive. Of the 114 articles of possible relevance to the personality disorders, a citation analysis from the Journal of Personality Disorders showed that only 15 articles had substantial impact on the field. All 15 articles were identified by both search systems.


We report an experimental and computational study of the photodecomposition pathways of a prototypical gem-dihalide, 1,1-dibromoethane (1,1-EDB), in the condensed phase. Following photolysis of the matrix isolated parent compound in Ar at 5 K, photoproducts are observed corresponding to Br 2 elimination (+ C 2 H 4 or C 2 H 2 ) and HBr elimination (+ vinyl bromide). The elimination products are observed in the matrix as complexes. In contrast to our recent studies of the photolysis of matrix isolated polyhalomethanes, no evidence for the iso-1,1-EDB species is found, although studies of the matrix isolated 1,1-dibromo-2,2,2-trifluoroethane analogue show that the isomer is the dominant photoproduct. These results are examined in the light of theoretical studies that have characterized in detail the 1,1-EDB potential energy surface (PES). For Br 2 elimination, a pathway from the isomer on the singlet PES is found which involves a simultaneous Br 2 loss with 1,2-hydrogen shift; this pathway lies lower in energy than a concerted three-center elimination from the parent 1,1-EDB. For HBr elimination, our previous theoretical studies [Kalume, A.; George, L.; Cunningham, N.; Reid, S. A. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2013 , 556 , 35– 38] have demonstrated the existence of concerted (single-step) and sequential pathways that involve coupled proton and electron transfer, with the sequential pathway involving the isomer as an intermediate. Here, more extensive computational results argue against a simple radical abstraction pathway for this process, and we compare experimental and computational results to prior results from the photolysis of the structural isomer, 1,2-EDB. These steady-state experiments set the stage for ultrafast studies of the dynamics of this system, which will be important in unraveling the complex photodecomposition pathways operative in condensed phases. as an intermediate. Importantly, these studies predict that the isomer is a minimum on the 1,1,-EDB potential energy surface (PES), but the barrier to HBr elimination lies below that of isomerization. In this work, we report the full experimental and theoretical results of our study of the photodecomposition pathways of 1,1-EDB in rare gas matrixes at low temperature. We find that the photochemistry is dominated by elimination to molecular products. Such pathways cannot be fully explained by simple radical–radical reactions of the initial photolytically generated species, but instead plausibly involve iso-1,1,-EDB as a key intermediate, which is supported by experiments where the elimination pathways are blocked by substitution. Similarly, high level theory predicts the iso-species to be actively involved in the molecular decomposition of 1,1-EDB in condensed phases.


The number of children in the United States who need two languages to communicate in home and school settings is rapidly growing. The challenge to support home and school languages can be daunting ...


This article examines the emerging intrusion of sport into the realm of cultural policy in tandem with an increased emphasis on culture in civic planning programs. The empirical focus of the article is on the location of sport within recent campaigns by British regional cities to win the title of European City of Culture, to be conferred in 2008. The particular case study considered is the unsuccessful joint bid put forward by Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne and Gateshead. The article looks at how the economic revival of Newcastle has been driven by cultural regeneration, and at how sport has assumed a prominent place within the cultural symbolism and iconography of the city. Consideration is given to the policy background and implications; in particular, the developing links between sport policy and cultural policy and sport considered in relation to the "creative industries" and the arts as more traditionally perceived. The article offers critical reflection upon the role of sport within the desired cultural democracy of the planners and promoters of the "city of culture".


The Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on the country's education system. Regardless of the administrator and the teaching staff, the students are also affected by this situation. The Ministry of Higher Education has decided that the Online Teaching and Learning method (Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Dalam Talian, PdPDT) will be implemented at the Polytechnic level, especially for the June 2020 session. The main purpose of this study is to identify the level of readiness and motivation of students of the Commerce Department Polytechnic Kuching Sarawak on the implementation of PdPDT. The study also examined the relationship between motivation and the level of readiness of students to follow online learning. Quantitative data is collected through a questionnaire distributed online to all active students of the Commerce Department who will attend lectures in the June 2020 session (excluding students who are undergoing Industrial Training and semester 1 students intake June 2020). A pilot study conducted found that the Cronbach's alpha value was 0.970 and it showed a high level of reliability for the items tested. The scope of this study leads to the level of readiness and level of motivation of students only. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Overall, the level of readiness (mean score: 3.40) and level of motivation (mean score: 3.32) of students of the Commerce Department on the implementation of online learning is at a moderate level. Respondents responded positively to PdPDT in assisting the new normal teaching and learning process.


disabilities and psychological problems. These innovative strategies can create a new geriatrics in parallel with traditional faceto-face care for the elderly. Maintaining social connectivity will help us remain healthy in the current pandemic situation. On April 16, Captain Tom Moore, a 99-year-old army veteran, walked the last 10 laps from 100 backyard lengths as he reached his 100-year-old birthday to raise money for the National Health Services in the UK. This gesture encouraged people worldwide and conveyed to the elderly "You'll never walk alone," as he sang. It is necessary to change the message from "just stay home" to "avoid close contact and maintain a physically, mentally, and socially active lifestyle."


Abstract: Landing Gear is proved to be the most critical subsystems in aircraft. It is a crucial part in all ground operations, takeoff and landing of aeroplane. Landing gear operates as dead weight after an aircraft is in the air, burning more fuel and taking up room which can be used for other safety measures. When taking into account all the legal and safety standards, it is vital to shorten the time needed for the landing gear design and its development cycle. All aerospace sectors strive for attributes such as minimal weight and volume, great performance, and reduced life cycle costs. Our objective was to create a landing gear with the least amount of weight and volume while maintaining maximum structural integrity. To achieve this goal, we designed landing gear links using generative design. In addition to this, we also studied different parameters considered for landing gear design.


The mechanism by which amantadine hydrochloride exerts its antiviral activity is not clearly understood. It appears to mainly prevent the release of infectious viral nucleic acid into the host cell by interfering with the function of the transmembrane domain of the viral M2 protein. In certain cases, amantadine hydrochloride is also known to prevent virus assembly during virus replication. It does not appear to interfere with the immunogenicity of inactivated influenza A virus vaccine.


Introduction Quantum Mechanics: Solutions to the Schrodinger Equation Formal Developments Applications of Quantum Mechanics: Approximation Methods for Bound States Scattering Theory Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Electrodynamics Relativistic Quantum Field Theory: Discrete Symmetries Heisenberg Picture Feynman Rules for QCD Problems and Appendices: The Two-Body Problem Charged Particle in External Electromagnetic Field


Extensive patches of floating algae have appeared since mid-June in coastal waters off Qingdao, China, where the Olympic sailing competitions will be held on 9–23 August. By 27 June, field surveys showed that the patches occupied about 30%, or 15 square kilometers, of the 50-square-kilometer region designated for the competitions, posing potential problems for them, according to reports in local news media. The floating algae, whose spatial extent is the largest ever reported in the literature for the world's oceans (as revealed by satellite estimates indicated below), have attracted wide national and international attention since late June.


A inactivated vaccine in oil emulsion was developed with newcastle disease virus(La Sota), chicken infectious bronchitis virus(H_(120)), egg drop syndrome virus(127) and avian influenza virus (H_(9)N_(2)). Its physical characterization, sterility, safety, stability and efficacy were tested. Chickens vaccinated with the vaccine could product antibodies which could protect them from the challenge of newcastle disease virus(F_ (48)E_(8)), chickens bronchitis infectious virus(M_(41)),egg drop syndrome virus(127)and avian influenza virus (H_(9)N_(2)). The efficacy of vaccine did not drop when it was stored for 12 months at 2-8 ℃.


This paper introduced the HF power line multi_carrier channel for 500kV line relay. By analysing the Siemens power line multi_carrier and teleprotection interface characteristic for commands sending, the line relay′s requirement for teleprotection interface , and dynamic simulating testing for line relay with the Siemens power line multi_carrier and teleprotection interface, the combination operation is available.


The secure, uninterrupted supply of vital commodities and services is a core prerequisite for the smooth operation of highly developed countries such as Switzerland. Although this task has always been a challenging one, modern societies are marked by ever closer technical and operative interconnectedness resulting in new and stronger dependencies, which make them increasingly vulnerable to disruptions of supply. Even small impairments of supply can now rapidly cause severe economic damage or endanger the population. For instance, an extended disruption of digital communication would have significantly more detrimental effects today than ten years ago.


The relationship with Ukraine and the Ukrainians played a role in all phases of planning and creating modern Polish statehood, in particular with regard to the territorial dimension of the new state to be created in the East. The 'Ukrainian question' was also raised in terms of the Ukrainian population, as part of the minority problem of the Second Polish Republic. Last but not least, relations with Russia, an existential problem from a Polish perspective, were also affected, contributing to their exposed position in both internal and external politics.
 The political camps in Poland addressed the 'Ukrainian question' with very different degrees of intensity and, especially, continuity. The issue was much more of a priority for the national democrats than for the conservatives and agrarians—the approach was far from consistent. Only the socialists (even before the First World War) had thoroughly dedicated themselves to the national question in general, and the Ukrainian problem in particular. For them, it was clear that Polish independence and the establishment of a sovereign state were closely linked to resolving the 'Ukrainian question'. This was the only productive way to improve Poland's international position, and, above all, her relationship with Russia.
 The debates on the Ukraine problem were conducted in relatively small elite circles, marginalized in the legislature and hardly affected political practice. Inspired by the catchwords 'autonomy' and 'self-government', extraordinary trains of thought emerged, which had genuine potential to resolve urgent issues of nationality politics, even beyond Poland's borders.
 Despite the profound discursive deliberations about all the problems associated with the 'Ukrainian question', and, especially after 1926, the actually available political resources to realize the proposed solutions, a state concept for implementing them never really emerged. The model of social or even state coexistence always remained unfocused and, ultimately, the political will to implement it was lacking.


Chapter 11 deals with data capture, either by coding clerks or by doctors themselves. The best time to capture clinical information that is both clinically useful and useful for resource management is the time of any clinical encounter with the patient by doctors and paramedical medical staff. Chapter 12 deals with the paramount question : Do we need computers to audit medical practice? Some would take a modern approach to medical audit


The Upper Senonian chalky and partly conglomeratic lilmestones, constituting the Abiod Formation in Maknassy area, exhibit relatively high porosity values (up to 19%) but low permeability (less than 1 md). Dolomitization-dedolomitization processes which create a secondary porosity (mainly intercrystalline and intracrystalline) improve the porosity and, especially, the permeability values. The improvement of petrophysical properties is particularly obvious within the chalky limestones when they are completely dolomitized; their average porosity is increased by about 5% (from 14 to 19%) and their permeability is multiplied by 300 (from 0.2 to 302 md). These porosity and permeability values which, at least locally, are relatively high, indicate that the Abiod Formation carbonates are considered as potential reservoir rocks in Tunisia


T h e convergence o f different national economies or different regions within one economy has emerged as one of the m a j o r topics in economic research 1) . Mot ivat ion for this kind o f research may have been originated in severe regional discrepancies during recessions as they occur in the United States between the northeastern and the southern states. However recent political and economic developments in Europe even increase their importance in a far broader aspect. In western Europe members of the E C and E F T A strive for a single market and a currency union. Such a goal can be reached and maintained only if the participating economies converge at least to some extent . Otherwise a European economic union will never show stability. Even more urgent, to avoid ma jor economic and social problems is the beginning of a convergence process between Eastern and Western Europe. T h e huge welfare gap between so closely located regions must lead to considerable social and economic tensions. Furthermore albeit to a lower extent, the transition process between Eastand West Germany also creates its convergence problems. There are t w o regions with considerable differences in key economic variables, which now belong to one single economy. This paper mainly addresses the latter convergence phenomena. A lot o f issues discussed below may have a close connect ion of problems caused by unification in Germany. However, the model setting is not yet sophisticated enough to grasp all features o f the unification procces like e.g. the impact of public transfers, to be mechanically applied on Germany. Hence the paper describes two abstract regions rather than both parts of Germany. T h e predominant intention is to investigate the effects o f migration and wages on the convergence process between two regions with fundamental differences. These show up particulary by regional gaps of output per capita, productivity and market shares. T o capture these impacts a small model is set up


Most heavy oil produced in the United States comes from reservoirs located in Kern County, California, which covers nearly 21,000 km/sup 2/ (>8000 mi/sup 2/) of land in the southcentral part of the State. Extraction of this heavy oil is accomplished primarily by steam-soak and steam-drive thermal recovery methods. Historically, a portion of the recovered heavy oil is used to fuel the steam generators needed for these procedures. Sulfur dioxide (SO/sub 2/) is a major gaseous emission from the combustion of heavy oil in these steam generators. To meet stringent air quality regulations in Kern County, generators are equipped with flue gas desulfurization systems. However, the sulfur-bearing wastes produced by such systems may become more difficult to manage as heavy oil production increases. We focus on environmental, technical, and economic factors associated with alternative methods of managing liquid and solid wastes derived from the control of SO/sub 2/ produced by the combustion of heavy oil in steam generators and by the combustion of coal in atmospheric fluidized-bed boilers. The primary methods of waste management addressed are surface disposal of liquid and solid wastes, subsurface injection of liquid wastes, and the recovery of usable material such as gypsum and salt cake.


To achieve the communication between field and circuit network solvers in an actual large-scale AC/DC hybrid power grid, a cosimulation system of electromagnetic transient calculation, on-site measured data, and finite-element simulation has been developed. A platform based on MATLAB is adopted for linking measured data, electromagnetic transient simulation in real-time I/O, and combining finite-element software offline. A dc bias on 500-kV transformer is analyzed with the cosimulation approach. Hypersim and Flux are used as electromagnetic transient and finite-element simulation software, respectively. A specific on-site measuring system is developed to obtain the dc bias current. With the platform, dc bias of 500-kV transformers is finally solved. The validity of the model is verified by no-load field testing in 100% and 110% rated voltage.


Please find attached my entry for the contest for innovative irrigation ideas and technologies. I hope my entry meets your requirement and criteria.


On 5 November 2007, the Lithuanian Supreme Administrative Court (LSAC) upheld the judgment of the Vilnius District Administrative Court (VDAC) ordering the Competition Council to investigate…


High-resolution spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mainly poses two challenges to signal processing. The first challenge involves the signal model, where a precise range equation of spaceborne SAR should be considered as the conventional hyperbolic range equation fails to precisely describe the range history in the high-resolution case. The second challenge is an efficient focusing algorithm since the existing SAR processors are inaccurate or inefficient for high-resolution spaceborne SAR. Therefore, in this paper, a novel fourth-order polynomial range equation based on Doppler parameters is proposed, and the method for parameter determination is also addressed. Compared with conventional range equations, the presented one is more accurate and concise for low-earth-orbit SAR so that a higher azimuth resolution can be achieved. Based on the range model, a 2-D spectrum is derived, and an extended range Doppler domain algorithm for SAR image formation in the sliding spotlight mode is also developed. Additionally, we carried out several simulations to validate the presented approach. Results demonstrate high performances of the focusing algorithm as well as the range equation.


A series of accelerated performance-related tests for asphalt-aggregate mixes was performed under Project A-003A of the Strategic Highway Research Program's (SHRP) asphalt research activity, and methods were developed for anlyzing asphalt-aggregate interactions which significantly affect pavement performance. The fatigue investigation evaluated a number of promising testing systems both under controlled-stress and controlled-strain modes-of-loading. The specific objectives of this paper are to explore mix and test variable effects including those of mode-of-loading, on the fatigue response of asphalt aggregate mixes. Following a brief description of the laboratory test program on which the analyses reported are based, the paper examines the effects of various mix properties on fatigue life. Attention is then turned to exploring the effects of mode-of-loading on in-situ mix performance.


Legionella pneumophila can cause a type of pneumonia called Legionnaires' disease. The bacterium is responsible for most cases of the disease and can multiply in man-made water systems, such as irrigation systems. The study analyzed the potential development of Legionella pneumophila in irrigation system materials of Spanish hotels. Sprinkler irrigation systems were analysed in hotel golf courses and compared with the Spanish regulation standards in order to establish sanitation criteria for the prevention and control of legionellosis. An analytical study and principal component methods were employed in the context of materials, type of water and legislative compliance. Lead, polybutylene and wastewater treatment plant had great relevance. There was a strong association between wastewater treatment plant-copper and well water-polyvinyl chloride. Polybutylene, iron, polyethylene, stainless steel and lead showed a great magnitude in the contribution biplot, while lead facilities had a very low level of compliance in the correspondence analysis. Materials and legislative compliance were not statistically significantly associated (p<0.05). Considering the material and type of water, deficiencies were identified in the hygienicpreventive maintenance of the facilities. Attending the sanitary control criteria, ease of colonization and results obtained, it ́s suggested that there is a relationship between the different materials and the risk of bacterial development.


Recent surveys in Teak forests of Madhya Pradesh revealed the occurrence of sap-sucking bugs, Erthesina fullo Thunberg and Halys dentatus Fabricius. This is the first record of occurrence of pentatomid bugs feeding on Teak.


Covering relations are a topological tool for detecting periodic
orbits, symbolic dynamics and chaotic behavior for autonomous ODE.
We extend the method of the covering relations onto systems with
a time dependent perturbation. As an example we apply the method
to non-autonomous perturbations of the Rossler equations to
show that for small perturbation they possess symbolic dynamics.


Using modern multiloop calculation methods, we derive the analytical expressions for the total cross sections of the processes $e^-\gamma \to e^-X\bar{X}$ with $X=\mu,\,\gamma$ or $e$ at arbitrary energies. For the first two processes our results are expressed via classical polylogarithms. The cross section of $e^-\gamma \to e^-e^-e^+$ is represented as a one-fold integral of complete elliptic integral $\mathrm{K}$ and logarithms. Using our results, we calculate the threshold and high-energy asymptotics and compare them with available results.


The Business Situation in Texas; Retail Trade: September Durables Index at Two-Year Low; The Texas Motel Industry; Agriculture: Texas Peach Production; Finance: Changed Monetary Policies Have Affected Texas Bank Lending; Industrial Production: Texas Expands Acetylene Production; Construction: Nonresidential Permits Drop Sharply in September


Purpose of review: Retention of greenness, which is attributed by the pigment chlorophyll, is desired by consumers and processors of thermally processed green vegetables. However, the retention of chlorophyll during the cooking/processing of green vegetables has been recognised as a problem. To overcome this problem, researchers have explored various techniques including alkaline salt solutions and high-temperature short-time treatments. The kinetics of chlorophyll degradation have also been studied with respect to water activity, pH, temperature, pressure, etc. This review is an effort to put together the findings of various researchers on chlorophyll degradation. Recent findings: The traditional approach to model only the retained chlorophyll has been criticised. With newer and more precise techniques to detect and quantify the degradative intermediates and products of chlorophyll, attempts are being made to model further degradation of pheophytins to pheophorbides. Newer information is also being generated to decipher the mechanism of chlorophyll degradation in senescent tissues and during processing, and multi-response models are being introduced to model the chlorophyll degradative reactions in foods. Directions for future research: More precise modelling approaches need to be introduced to model chlorophyll degradation in view of newer analytical instrumentation and processing methods becoming available, and considering the role of associated enzymes and other process parameters.


The study of blood microcirculation is one of the most important problems of the medicine. This is caused by the fact that many diseases, such as cardio-vascular diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes, chronic venous insufficiency, oncology diseases, cause functional and morphological changes of microcirculation of blood flow. The results of experimental study of changes of blood microcirculation of pancreas in rats with diabetes measured by using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) at application of optical clearing agents are presented. Laser speckle contrast techniques are based on the spatial and temporal statistics of the speckle pattern, calculating of contrast of time-averaged dynamic speckles in dependence on the exposure time at the registration of the speckle-modulated images. In research, 28 Wistar rats weighing 300-500 g were used. Alloxan induced animal model of diabetes was explored. The influence of solution of glycerol, PEG-300 was investigated. Application of 70%-aqueous glycerol solution demonstrates 50%-decrease of blood flow velocity in the group of diabetic animals, to 10th min blood flow velocity was completely restored. Blood flow in the control group almost stopped, to 10 min has not recovered. Application of solution of PEG-300 demonstrates 25%- decrease of blood flow in the group of diabetic animals. Blood flow in the control group show 65%-decrease of blood flow. The results obtained at the study of blood microcirculation disorders of pancreas in diabetes show that diseases development in animals causes changes in the microcirculatory system and application of optical clearing agents demonstrates changes in vascular permeability in conditions of development of pathologies.


The structure of weak Hopf algebras corresponding to U q (sl 2) are classified by their algebra structure and coalgebra structure. The algebra structure of weak Hopf algebras corresponding to U q (sl 2) can be written as the direct sum of U q (sl 2) and an algebra of polynomials. The coalgebra structure of weak Hopf algebras corresponding to U q (sl 2) are classified by their Ext quiver. There are four types of such structures.


In recent years, following the continued rise in the level of degradation and pollution in developing and emerging economies, the debate on the costs, benefits and longer-term implications of growth policies on the environment has intensified among stakeholders. Although economic expansion remains paramount in policy, ensuring environmental sustainability amidst the quest to stimulate growth in Ghana has assumed a central theme in its contemporary growth agenda. Exploring annual time series data spanning 1975–2015 this study examined, in Ghana, the environmental impact of economic expansion within the standard Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. The Autoregressive Distributed Lagged bounds approach to cointegration did not confirm the existence of EKC for any of the environmental indicators in the short run, but was robustly established in the long run for CO2 emissions and energy consumption. This conclusion implies that, given the long-run parameters of Ghana, beyond a certain income level, degradation emanating from energy consumption and CO2 emissions will eventually fall as the country's economy expands. The study is the first to examine the effect of economic expansion on three of the most important environmental indicators in Ghana and also to employ an environmentally adjusted income variable as a measure of environment sustainability.


The aim of the present study was to
 investigate the clinical applicability of non-invasive Doppler sonography in
 sheep and goats in order to characterize the blood flow in the uterine artery
 throughout normal pregnancy. The study includes an evaluation of the effects
 of number and sex of fetuses as well as total birth weight on blood flow
 patterns. Additionally, throughout gestation in both species, some effects of
 maternal temperament on fetal biometric as well as non-invasive fetal and
 maternal Doppler blood flow parameters were analyzed. In the first part of the investigation
 (Chapter 1), uterine blood flow (A. uterina, UtA) was studied during three
 breeding seasons between 2008 and 2011. Eighteen and 20 pregnancies from 11
 ewes (German Merino) and 11 does (Boer x German Improved Fawn) were observed. Females were mated
 with a proven fertile ram or buck during behavioural estrus. The day of estrus
 in sheep and the second day of estrus in goats were designated as day 0 (D0)
 of gestation. From wk 2-14 of pregnancy ultrasonic
 examinations were done transrectally, and from that time until parturition
 transabdominally, mainly in the case of right-horn pregnancies. Blood flow
 volume (BFV), time averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), time averaged of mean
 velocity (TAMEANV), resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), blood flow
 velocity acceleration (Accel), peak velocity (PV), peak systolic velocity
 (PSV) and impedance of blood flow (A/B or S/D ratio) were evaluated. The
 uterine BFV increased approximately 60 fold (P < 0.0001) until the end of
 pregnancy, with a rapid increase before and a slow increase after wk 18. Time
 averaged maximum velocity in the uterine artery increased (P < 0.0001)
 throughout pregnancy in sheep and goats. Time averaged mean velocity
 decreased at wk 18-20 in both species. Furthermore, there was an effect of
 the stage of pregnancy on PI and RI (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively):
 both indices decreased until the end of gestation. The blood flow
 acceleration decreased (P < 0.0001) at wk 18 and wk 16 in sheep and goats,
 respectively, until parturition. Similar to PI and RI, vascular impedance of
 the UtA decreased (P < 0.0001) throughout pregnancy.
 During the second part of the study (Chapter
 2) 26 pregnancies were investigated (10 German Merino ewes and 9 Boer x
 German Improved Fawn goats) in biweekly intervals until parturition (2
 breeding seasons: 2009-2011). Allocation to two groups, i.e. "more
 reactive/anxious" (MR; 6 sheep: 7 pregnancies; 5 goats: 7 pregnancies)
 and "less reactive /anxious" (LR; 4 sheep: 6 pregnancies; 4
 goats: 6 pregnancies) was done on the basis of repeated Arena tests.
 Fetal B-mode parameters [diameter of amniotic
 vesicles (AVD, wk 2 - 8), diameters of placentomes (PLD), fetal chest (FCHD)
 and orbita (FOD), as well as bi-orbital breadth (FBO), fetal occipito-snout
 length (FOSL), and metacarpal length (MCL, wk 8 – 18)] as well as
 non-invasive Doppler parameters (resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index
 (PI)) of uterine (UtA) and umbilical (UMA) arteries were studied in this
 experiment from wk 2 to wk 20 of pregnancy.
 In sheep, UtA-PI was significantly higher in
 MR as compared to LR ewes especially at wk 6 (P > 0.01), 10 (P > 0.05)
 and 12 (P > 0.05). Moreover, tendential differences of UtA-PI were
 recognized at wk 14 (P = 0.054). The same was true for UtA-RI during the
 first 8 weeks of pregnancy (P < 0.03). Similarly, UMA-RI was higher in MR than
 LR animals at wk 14 (P < 0.0003) and 20 (P < 0.02) of pregnancy. At the
 same time a tendential difference of UMA-PI (P = 0.053) was observed, while significance
 was reached at wk 6, 8, 10 and 20 (P < 0.05 – 0.003). Furthermore,
 AVD (P < 0.03, wk 2-8), FCHD (P < 0.002, wk 8-18) as well as UMD (P =
 0.054, wk 8-18) were larger in LR than MR pregnant ewes. In goats, UtA-RI at wk 6, 16, 18 and 20 (P
 < 0.05 – 0.0001) and UtA-PI at wk 4, 8, 18 and 20 of pregnancy were
 significantly influenced by reactivity/anxiety of the dam (P < 0.05
 – 0.01), showing higher values in MR animals.
 Both UMA-RI and UMA-PI (wk 8-20, P < 0.01
 and < 0.02, resp.) were higher in MR than LR animals. B-mode end points
 were similar to those in sheep. During wk 8-18 AVD (P < 0.01, until wk 8),
 FCHD, PLD (P < 0.05-0.005), and FMCL (P < 0.01) were larger in LR than
 in MR goats. The results of the two parts of the study
 demonstrate the clinical applicability of Doppler ultrasound as safe,
 accurate, non-invasive method to evaluate the uterine and the umbilical blood
 flow in small ruminants during pregnancy. Fetal growth parameters as well as
 the Doppler indices seem to be affected by the animals' temperament.


Abstract. A metalens is a planar optical device that can accurately control the phase, polarization, and amplitude of light. Aiming at the application requirements of polarization imaging equipment for miniaturization, integration, and common field of view, we designed and fabricated two kinds of orthogonally polarized metalenses based on amorphous silicon and fused quartz. These metalenses can achieve orthogonal linear or circular polarization light imaging with a common field of view. The samples with a 2-mm diameter and 20-mm focal length were fabricated by electron beam exposure. The test results show that these metalenses can realize the imaging of orthogonal linearly or circularly polarized light simultaneously; the focusing efficiency is more than 50%, and the polarization contrast is >22  dB.


Chickpea is an important edible legume consumed worldwide because of rich nutrient composition. The physical parameters of chickpea are crucial attributes for design of processing and classification systems. In this study, effects of seven different irrigation treatments (I 1 -rainfed, I 2 -pre-flowering single irrigation, I 3 -beginning of flowering single irrigation, I 4 -50% pod set single irrigation, I 5 -irrigation at 50% flowering and 50% pod fill, I 6 -irrigation before flowering and at 50% pod set, I7-full irrigation) on size, shape, mass, and color properties of chickpea seeds were investigated, and machine learning algorithms were used to estimate mass and color attributes of chickpea seeds. In terms of physical attributes, the best results were obtained in I 1 and I 5 irrigation treatments. According to the findings, among the irrigation treatments, I 5 had the greatest mass, volume, geometric mean diameter, projected area with the values of 0.50 g, 394.86 cm 3 , 9.10 mm and 65.03 mm 2 , respectively. In addition, I 1 had the highest shape index and elongation as 1.33 and 1.34, respectively. The results showed that multilayer perceptron (MLP) had the greatest correlation coefficients for mass (0.9997), chroma (0.9998) hue angle (0.9998) and color index (0.9992). The MLP yielded better outcomes than random forest for both mass and color estimation. Additionally, single or couple irrigation treatment at different physiological stages instead of full irrigation treatment might be sufficient to improve the physical attributes of chickpea.


Myostatin (MSTN) is an interesting negative growth‐regulating gene that has been well characterized in vertebrates but scantly described in invertebrates. The current study focuses on the downregulation of the MrMSTN gene and subsequently records any histological changes for giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Mr). In addition, the study also deals with the MrMSTN gene's influence on other growth‐related genes, which include myosin heavy chain, dystrophin‐dystroglycoprotein complex, tropomyosin, farnesoic acid o‐methyl transferase, arginine kinase, cyclophilin, and acyl CoA desaturase. The preliminary histological analysis following MrMSTN silencing favors muscle regeneration, which supports its functional role as a negative growth regulator and its significant effect on the expression of other growth‐related genes. Overall, our results show that the MrMSTN gene could therefore be a potential target for gene manipulation aimed at enhancing the growth and muscle development of M. rosenbergii, which could be beneficial in increasing the total mass production in the postlarva phase at the hatchery level.


Derivatives and especially OTC derivatives1 have become subject of many critics and controversy since the subprime crisis, which fuelled the outbreak of the financial crisis and the collapse of Lehman Brothers end of 2008.2 Vocabulary like derivatives, too big to fail, Credit Default Swaps (CDS), exotic options have come to everybody's mouth and have been widely discussed and despised. The latter sovereign debt crisis even spurred that stance, so that a G20 meeting in Pittsburgh intended to foster the transparency of OTC derivatives markets and brought stricter and tougher regulations to that market. Sovereigns and regulator don't want to end up anymore in a situation, where they are to some extend blackmailed to rescue the financial system due to the moral hazard of the baking industry. According a research publication of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas with the topic "Assessing the Costs and Consequences of the 2007 – 2009 Financial Crisis and Its Aftermath", the research came up in one of its scenarios with a cost of 15 to 30 Trillion USD only for the United States.3 This shows how severe the downtrend and how dramatic the crisis was since the Great depression in 1930. It further underlines the crucial importance to act in order to avoid any future systemic crisis. The paper in hands aims to highlight the regulation which has been especially put in place to tame that opaque market whose interlinkage and dependencies between the banks and the real economy have been so complex and difficult to oversee during the financial crisis...


their continual misunderstanding of him. With this criticism (if it is a criticism), I have nothing but praise for Dr. Wellek's work, which will have an interest for students of the literature of the period hardly less than it has for philosophers. There are singularly few misprints, but one might have expected an American University Press to have corrected the solecisms which here and there occur in the English of a foreign writer whose command of the language is otherwise remarkable.


Copulas have been widely used to model nonlinear dependence structure. Main applications of copulas include areas such as finance, insurance, hydrology, rainfall to name but a few. The flexibility of copula allows researchers to model dependence structure beyond Gaussian distribution. Basically, a copula is a function that couples multivariate distribution functions to their one-dimensional marginal distribution functions. In general, there are three methods to estimate copula. These are parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric method. In this article we survey kernel-type estimators for copula such as mirror reflection kernel, beta kernel, transformation method and local likelihood transformation method. Then, we apply these kernel methods to three stock indexes in Asia. The results of our analysis suggest that, albeit variation in information criterion values, the local likelihood transformation method performs better than the other kernel methods.


The purpose of this study is to know the influence of temporary cementation by zinc oxide eugenol cement before final cementation with zinc phosphate cement and to compare the retention force of crown.Further more, abutment tooth was measured by roughness scale and was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, vertical dimentional changes with cementation was measured. From these observations, following results were obtained.1. After temporary cementation, temporary cement was remained on the surface of abutment tooth were observed by SEM.2. After temporary cementation, the surface roughness of abutment tooth was decreased.3. Regarding the vertical dimensional changes after cementation, it's greater on specimens after temporary cementation.4. Regarding the retention force of cemented crowns, it's greater on specimens after temporary cementation.