Introduction The need to optimize clinical evaluation of new drugs stimulates researchers and regulatory bodies to consider novel endpoints that facilitate assessment of the efficacy of a new drug earlier in time than do traditional endpoints. To be a useful marker of efficacy, an early endpoint must be an accurate surrogate for the true clinical endpoint. Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a strong prognostic factor for Event Free Survival (EFS) in children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and is used routinely to assess treatment response and stratify treatment intensity. However, it is not known whether or not early MRD response is an accurate surrogate endpoint for EFS in evaluating the efficacy of treatment interventions. This study addresses for the first time in childhood ALL the formal validation of surrogacy of MRD levels at the end of induction treatment by a meta-analytic approach on individual data from two large phase III trials with a randomized question on type of steroids in induction (dexamethasone 10mg/m2/day vs prednisone 60mg/m2/day). Material and Methods We performed a meta-analysis of individual data of 2955 B-ALL patients from AIEOP-BFM-ALL2000 (NCT00613457, NCT00430118), and 945 and 930 high risk B-ALL patients randomized for steroids after being allocated either to Capizzi or High-dose Methotrexate in COG AALL0232 (NCT00075725; separately considered due to the significant quantitative interaction between Methotrexate regimens and type of steroid). The trials included evaluation of MRD at day +33 (PCR-MRD) and +29 (flow-cytometry MRD), respectively, with a sensitivity of at least 10-4. The three categories MRD level (negative, low positive i.e. A two-level modelling approach was used to estimate the association between MRD and EFS and between the treatment effect on MRD (proportional odds model) and on EFS (proportional hazard model). The quality of the surrogate at the individual level was assessed on the basis of the bivariate Plackett copula model, with a parameter representing the global odds ratio. The quality of the surrogate at the trial level was assessed on the basis of the coefficient of determination R2trial from a linear regression through the estimated treatment effects. Results The main results on MRD and EFS by trial and treatment are in table 1. The meta-analytic approach shows that MRD at the end of induction is a poor surrogate for treatment effect on EFS (Figure 1) at the trial level, with R2trial=0.09 (95% CI: 0-0.29), while, at the individual level, it shows a considerable prognostic association with EFS, after adjusting for treatment, with a 3.9 odds ratio of failure for patients with higher compared to lower MRD levels (95% CI: 3.4-4.4). Additional sensitivity analyses on relevant subgroups generally confirmed the previous findings both at the trial and patient level association. Conclusions Using a meta-analytic approach, we found that MRD, in 3 categories defined according to standard cut-points, is a poor surrogate for EFS at the trial level, thus indicating that the effect of the randomized steroids (dexamethasone vs. prednisone in induction) on the MRD level at the end of induction does not reliably predict the effect of the intervention on EFS. In contrast, the analysis shows a strong and highly significant association between end induction MRD level and EFS time for individual patients, regardless of treatment, confirming the prognostic effect of early MRD response on clinical outcome. This study shows, for the first time, the limitation of a strong prognostic factor in being a surrogate in the context of front line ALL treatments. The impact of type of steroid on MRD distribution at the end of induction is relatively limited and subsequent treatment complexity and intensity, partly tailored on MRD itself as a key criterion used to modulate the intensity of post-induction therapy, may dilute a potential surrogacy. These data suggest that clinicians and regulatory bodies should be cautious in using early MRD response in the context of complex multiagent therapy as an early surrogate endpoint to evaluate the effect of a randomized treatment intervention on long-term EFS. Disclosures Moricke:JazzPharma: Honoraria, Other: financial support of travel costs. Biondi:Novartis: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Advisory Board; BMS: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cellgene: Other: Advisory Board.


Low-temperature distillation of liquid hydrogen is one of the most economic methods of obtaining heavy water. Several possible process schemes are described, along with a thermodynamic analysis of the process adopted for indofistrial application. The most significant thermodynamic losses are due to the irreversibillty of heat transfer at a low temperature level and to the low effieiency of the real adiabatic column compared with a reversible column. (auth)


In this study, the infection process in infectious individual is mathematically modeled by using a system of multiple fractional order differential equations. Qualitative analysis of the model was done. To mathematically examine the effect of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their treatment methods, the results of the proposed model are compared with numerical simulations with the help of datas obtained from the literature .


Wildlife management can influence animal welfare and survival, although both are often not explicitly integrated into decision making. This study explores fundamental concepts and key concerns relating to the welfare and survival of stranded cetaceans. Using the Delphi method, the opinions of an international, interdisciplinary expert panel were gathered, regarding the characterisation of stranded cetacean welfare and survival likelihood, knowledge gaps and key concerns. Experts suggest that stranded cetacean welfare should be characterised based on interrelated aspects of animals' biological function, behaviour, and mental state and the impacts of human interventions. The characterisation of survival likelihood should reflect aspects of stranded animals' biological functioning and behaviour as well as a 6-month post-re-floating survival marker. Post-release monitoring was the major knowledge gap for survival. Welfare knowledge gaps related to diagnosing internal injuries, interpreting behavioural and physiological parameters, and euthanasia decision making. Twelve concerns were highlighted for both welfare and survival likelihood, including difficulty breathing and organ compression, skin damage and physical traumas, separation from conspecifics, and suffering and stress due to stranding and human intervention. These findings indicate inextricable links between perceptions of welfare state and the likely survival of stranded cetaceans and demonstrate a need to integrate welfare science alongside conservation biology to achieve effective, ethical management at strandings.


Recently, the on-board equipments of vessels are getting diversifications with high technologies. With changing the trends, the shipboard network is turning to the light-weight ethernet architecture for integrated data management. For that necessity, this paper covers a development of the gateway system which gathers and processes the measured analog or NMEA data from loaded equipments to convert the messages based on IEC 61162-450 (standard for light-weight ethernet network of ships) in engine parts of small vessel. To do this, we analyzed the requirements for standardization of ship`s equipments and related studies. To solve the problems of existing equipments, we defined the additional data formats (sentence formatter), developed the gateway system, and verified the utility of the developed system. Consequently, we established an interfacing framework for management and application of the generated data based on the ethernet in vessel.


There is described a method for providing information for charging an energy store of an electrically powered vehicle (1) having a load interface (2). In this (2) is stored a respective associated information record in a database for different charging terminals, a respective set of information includes one or more, the charging of the energy store parameters related (22, 23). a machine-readable code (7) is provided for each set of information includes at least information about the storage location (13) of the associated information set. Of a specific loading interface (2) associated with the machine-readable code (7) at the loading interface (2) on the vehicle (1) or to the charging interface (2) is itself provided, wherein the machine readable code (7) with a user terminal (10) detected and information contained by the processing in the machine-readable code (7) of the machine-readable code (7) associated with the set of information is retrieved from the database to be displayed on the user terminal (10).


Catering special contingent personnel (geologists, emergency services, armed forces) in difficult field conditions is impossible without reliable technical means of preparation and transportation of food. The most affordable and safe fuel for cooking in cold climates is diesel A-0, 4-0 and W-0,2-35. Applications of thermal blocks field kitchens instead of electrical energy is not only more economical, but also greatly increases the reliability of the cooking in the field Mandate to develop more power intensive, and, at the same time, economical heat units for the climatic conditions of the far North. Overview of patents and studies on liquid fuel combustion intensification indicated that the application of high-voltage fields, aerial ultrasonic generators and other devices require a source of AC voltage, which is complicating this equipment and reduces its reliability. The article also presents the results of theoretical and experimental research of capillary evaporator jets FC-01KI, which increases the thermal Efficiency of a mobile kitchen to 45% while lowering diesel consumption by 15-35%, and increase the speed of the water boils in the boilers at 10-15%. A simple and affordable way of upgrading injectors service personnel, providing high efficiency of combustion of liquid fuels and improving the reliability of their work. Changing the design of the vaporizer injectors leads to capillary evaporation of fuel-diesel fuel at elevated temperatures, eliminating the delay in the evaporator high-boiling fractions (waxes and resins) and extends the time of regular technical services kitchens in half.


With new developments, laser joining can be used also for packaging and assembly of fluidic systems made from silicon, glass, and polymers in conjunction with metals. Different laser-joining technologies are listed that are suitable for MEMS microsystem packaging. As can be seen from the table, laser joining is especially suitable for applications at high temperatures and harsh atmospheres and surroundings, such as sensors and other electric components for the use in automotive parts.


Since the introduction of the market-oriented reform in 1978, China has achieved such miraculous economic growth to become the world's second largest single-country economy. However, growing gross domestic product (GDP) as a top priority together with a rapidly growing population has resulted in a severe environmental degradation. China is today the world's largest source of carbon emissions, world's top consumer of primary energy and minerals, and leads the world in resource consumption and waste emissions. Domestically, energy and water shortages, water and air pollution, cropland losses, desertification, and biodiversity losses, have become really severe obstacles to a future sustainable development of the country, threatening both China's natural ecosystems and public health. In such a context, the environmentally sustainable development challenge is arguably China's most complex and difficult challenge that any country has ever tried to confront. The Chinese government has acknowledged the time has come to implement an alternative growth model. However, what is more striking is the coexistence of often contradictory initiatives. On the one hand, the government continues investing in renewable energy so massively that it has become the world's largest investor in such sector. On the other, it has repeatedly declared it will not be able to reduce its dependence on coal in the short-term, it will make domestic consumption of the rising middle-class the new growth model, especially promoting car ownership, while imposing at the same time strict measures to tackle pollution. The massive urbanization process, the growing unbridled demand of natural resources and consumption, the increasing production of polluting waste will negatively impact more and more Chinese people in the near future if the country's leadership will not be able to reconcile its socioeconomic model with environmental protection, namely to achieve environmental sustainability in the long-term. Based on an extensive relevant literature review as well as an accurate analysis of statistical data related to the topic at issue, the present research seeks therefore to broadly examine the key intertwined challenges and opportunities for China to achieve an environmentally sustainable development. By adopting a holistic approach and presenting data, the study was explorative and interpretative in nature. Given the cross-cutting nature of the topic, which requires to be analyzed from many perspectives in order to be fully understood, conducting such kind of research was not easy task. Despite this, it has attempted to give the most accurate picture and analysis to contribute to the discussion about environmental sustainability in present-day China. China's huge environmental challenges are significant for us all. The choices the Chinese government and Chinese people are making influence not only the health and wellbeing of China but, given the global nature of environmental problems, the very future of the planet.


Reports on the creation of Royal Commission on Trade Unions and Employers' Associations in Great Britain in April 1965. Percentage of unofficial strikes in Great Britain; Criticisms faced by the trade unions in Great Britain; Suggested changes to the Trade Union Act of 1871; Explanation to the decentralization of collective bargaining in the country. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)


Multimedia bridges the gap between the teaching and learning processes in the Physics classroom by the fruitful realisation of the curricular objectives. The study purported to develop a Teacher-Assisted Multimedia Instructional Package in Physics and to test its effectiveness in augmenting Science Learning Interest of Secondary School Students of Kerala. Further, this effectiveness was to be compared with that of the Activity Oriented Method of Instruction. The Quasi Experimental Method with the Pre-Test Post-Test Non Equivalent Groups Design was found to be suitable for the study. The Teacher-Assisted Multimedia Instructional Package and the Activity Oriented Method of Instruction were the independent variables while Science Learning Interest was the dependent variable of the study. The experiment was conducted on a sample of 400 Secondary School Students of Kerala with 200 each in the Experimental and Control Groups. The results of the study showed that the TeacherAssisted Multimedia Instructional Package in Physics is more effective than the Activity Oriented Method of Instruction in augmenting Science Learning Interest of the Students. The study yielded similar findings with regard to the Gender Groups of Students, viz. Boys as well as Girls.


Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic neuropathy is accompanied by alterations in axonal excitability, which can lead to either "positive" (paresthesia, dysesthesia, pain) and/or "negative" (hypesthesia, anesthesia) symptoms. The mechanisms underlying these alterations in axonal excitability are not well understood. Clinical tests reveal reduced nerve conduction velocity and axonal loss, but fail to explain nerve excitability. Many different factors have been suggested in relation to the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy. There are probably as many factors as there are different clinical pictures in diabetic neuropathy. Nevertheless, it seems that hyperglycemic hypoxia is mainly responsible for the electrophysiological changes seen in damaged diabetic nerves. This article summarizes experimental data indicating that a dysfunction of ion conductances, especially voltage‐gated ion channels, could contribute to abnormalities in the generation and/or conduction of action potentials in diabetic neuropathy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 21:1246–1255, 1998.


Process mining is a bridge between performance and compliance or super glue between process and data oriented analysis. Healthcare organizations are facing the challenges to extract dynamic, complex and cross-functional processes. The issues related to improper data management, collaboration and coordination make the careflows convoluted to perceive. In this paper, we are examining the event log embracing the events of sepsis cases from a hospital. Sepsis is a life threatening condition typically caused by an infection. The events were recorded by the ERP system of the hospital. The research objective is to investigate this healthcare process for two stances: control flow and conformance perusal. Varied process mining techniques are used for exploration and collation of their operation with the event log. We have extracted the useful facts from event logs in form of MXML/XES format, importing in a PROM framework and scrutinize the pathways followed by distinct processes. The results of these stances provide new discernment that facilitates the refinement of the prevailing procedure.


On December 9, 1978, the Pioneer Venus Sounder Probe carried to Venusa neutral gas mass spectrometer that measured the composition of the loweratmosphere of the planet from 62 km to the surface. Fifty one mass spectrawere obtained with an average altitude resolution of approximately 1 Pan.The instrument measured the composition of the gases relative to CO2, thedominant gas, that it sampled from the Venus atmosphere through a specialleak. The mass range extended from 1 to 208 ainuwith a sensitivity of theorder of 1 ppm relative to CO2, but for the noble gases nearly I00 timesbetter. A description of tbe instrument can be found in Hoffman, et al.(1979a, 1980a).Initial results have been published in Hoffman, et al. (1979b, c). Thesewere brief papers in Science that represented a first look at the data. Amore detailed paper was prepared for the Journal of Geophysical Researchas part of an extensive Venus issue published in December 1980 (Hoffman,et el. 19805).The data confirm that the major constituents of the lower atmosphereof Venus are CO2 and N2, with the latter having a mass abundance of about 3%.The data allow the order of up to 1000 ppm of water vapor, and 500 ppm of SO2and COS below the clouds, but lower bounds for the abundances of these com-pounds cannot be established because they appeared in large amounts as linger-ing products of the reactica of cloud droplets deposited on the gas inletleak to the mass spectromet_:r. The presence of several minor constituents onVenus is more certain. 0Z particular significance is the discovery that thereis a hundred-fold excess of nonradlogenic argon and neon on Venus overterrestrial abundances in addition to a small deficit of radiogenic 40Ar.1


The non‐target effects of pesticides, particularly those that are long‐lasting and move easily through the environment, could have community‐level impacts on beneficial arthropods and hinder conservation efforts in agrolandscapes We assessed the impacts of a neonicotinoid insecticide, clothianidin, and possible synergisms with a fungicide by quantifying predator, herbivore, and pollinator biomass and morphospecies richness in simulated prairie restorations. Predator biomass was 66% lower in plots treated with clothianidin compared to controls and this effect persisted across the growing season. Herbivore biomass was 51% lower in clothianidin‐treated plots in June, but the effect waned over the growing season, and no difference was detected in July or August. There was a synergistic effect of clothianidin and fungicide in lowering herbivore morphospecies richness by 12%. Pollinators appeared unaffected by clothianidin. Instead, pollinator biomass increased by 71% with added fungicide in the absence of clothianidin. The results of this study underscore the complexity of pesticide effects in field settings. Additional studies are necessary to understand how pesticide dissipation and predator release may interactively affect late‐season herbivore populations.


The article deals with the artistic image of art nouveau. We study the stylistic features and story content articles of decorative and applied art, interior decoration items, which are icono graphic integrity. Themes, motifs and themes related to specific themes, which were based on mythological and biblical legends, folk tales ethnos. On forming of decorative arts influenced natural forms. The meaning of the artistic image of art nouveau, its contents formed theory of symbolism, philosophical and aesthetic outlook period.


The article aims at analyzing the role of criticism in forming the image of human being in interpersonal interactions. The discussion starts with defining criticism and image. In order to define the concept of criticism, the definition proposed by Mirosław Karwat (2007) is applied. Next, the notion of image is analyzed by means of Stanisław Puppel's (2016) definition. Finally, the role of criticism in forming the image of human being is scrutinized by means of a survey which was carried out among 20 students studying in Poznań. The results are discussed in the final part of the article.


A two-stage texture segmentation approach is proposed where an initial segmentation map is obtained through unsupervised clustering of multiresolution simultaneous autoregressive (MRSAR) features and is followed by self-supervised or bootstrapped classification of wavelet features. The self-supervised stage is based on a segmentation confidence map, where the regions of "high confidence" and "low confidence" are identified on the MRSAR segmentation result using multilevel morphological erosion. The second-stage wavelet classifier is trained from the "high-confidence" samples and is used to reclassify only the "low-confidence" pixels. The final reclassification is based on rules that combine minimum distance and spatial constraints. Additionally, an improved coefficient feature normalization procedure is used during the classification process of both stages. The proposed two-stage approach leverages on the advantages of both MRSAR and wavelet features, and incorporates an adaptive neighborhood-based spatial constraint. Experimental results show that the misclassification error can be significantly reduced compared to morphological cleaning operations alone.


The main objective of the sports training process is to try to get the player to integrate in athletic performance and achieve results using the best scientific methods available in all sports, including football. the researchers used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research and formed a sample of 15 players from the oil Football club. the research presents the results and discusses them through the use of a number of statistical means. conclusions that have to do with the effectiveness of the method of experimental cross-sectional exercises in the development of physical abilities and the extent of their reflection on the performance of skills in football according to the exercises in the training program as a guide for the work of football coaches and taking into consideration the method of cross-sectional exercises that have, Performance .


Processing marine mammals (MM) signal for 3D tracking has increasing interest for the study of the behavior of endangered species. Practically, real time systems are required, and it has been observed that echoes are very common in underwater signal, and dramatically affect the localization results. Therefore, we develop a robust real-time tracking algorithm, with echo cancellation, processing wide band MM transient signal in time domain, from records of 5 omni-directional widely spaced hydrophones. The complete algorithm is tested on 25 min. of real data from NUWC & AUTEC. The attractive outlines of our method are: it runs 2 times faster than real time, requires small frequency sample data, still estimates similar trajectories than state of the art methods


The recent improvements made to the parallel computing architecture of the resistive Eulerian MHD code GORGON have enabled high resolution 3D simulations of imploding wire array Z-pinches, to be achieved. Simultaneous calculation of the frequency and time dependent radiative properties of intense X-ray sources within such calculations remains a computationally challenging task. Indeed, Z-pinch plasma conditions are spread across a wide range of parameter space and can locally undergo transitions from optically thin to optically thick regimes, this latter point requiring a close coupling of the radiation and magneto-hydrodynamic solvers. We have developed a simple pseudo NLTE code based on a Screened Hydrogenic Model (SHM) that is rapid enough to be run in-line with GORGON whilst still producing fairly detailed spectral output. An offline version of this code provides a post processing tool with further spectral detail for the generation of synthetic spectra. This model belongs to a suite of numerical diagnostics providing simulated laser shadowgraphy, X-ray radiography, XUV imaging and proton probing capabilities. We present a series of detailed comparisons of high resolution simulations post-processed with these tools, with experimental data from High Energy Density Physics experiments at Imperial College, Sandia National Laboratory and University of Nevada at Reno.


In this paper the bifurcation solution branches of a semi-linear elliptic problem are studied, and its extended systems are constructed.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Numerous national and international guidelines recommend counseling patients with gender dysphoria on the impacts of hormonal therapy on their fertility prior to beginnin...


We report a dramatic property improvement of ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] upon exposure to a plasma ambient. The P(VDF-TrFE) layer for typical nonvolatile memory devices shows only ∼6.5 μC/cm2 and 0.55 MV/cm for its remnant polarization and coercive field, respectively, but the values increase to ∼13 μC/cm2 and ∼1 MV/cm after an optimum period of plasma exposure. Our infrared measurement confirms that the plasma energy creates many CC double bonds in the polymer chain while removing some of CF bonds, which are responsible for ferroelectric polarization. Nevertheless, the strengthened polymer can incorporate higher applied field, thereby aligning electric dipoles much better.


A linearised treatment is presented of vertical bifurcations of symmetric periodic orbits (bifurcations of plane with three-dimensional orbits) in the circular restricted problem. Recent work on bifurcations from vertical-critical orbits (av = ±1) is extended to deal with the more general situation of bifurcations from vertical self-resonant orbits (av = cos(2πn/m) for integer m,n) and it is shown that in this more general case bifurcating families of three-dimensional orbits always occur in pairs, the orbital symmetry properties being governed by the evenness or oddness of the integer m. The applicability of the theory to the elliptic restricted problem is discussed.


The point defect thermodynamics in a general family of binary compounds, including B2 compounds as a specific representative, are classified by way of two non-trivial energy parameters. The scheme is applied to published ab initio defect formation energies, and the variety of resulting phenomena is demonstrated. Further, by introducing model assumptions the consequences for the active diffusion mechanisms are deduced. It is shown that particularly for the off-stoichiometric case, the assumed prevalence of either the six-jump cycle or the triple-defect mechanism has to be reconsidered, as a number of qualitatively different mechanisms emerge as likely candidates for the dominant effect. Two of those, the 4+2-jump cycles and the waltzing-step mechanism, are introduced here.


The study reviewed and assessed nongovernment reforestation in the Philippines vis-a-vis government and total reforestation using primary and secondary data. The end purpose was to identify issues and problems related to nongovernment reforestation and recommend actions that can be undertaken to address them. The study found that government reforestation dominated total reforestation while nongovernment reforestation only has a relatively small contribution in recent years. During the first three years of implementation of the National Greening Program, in particular, nongovernment reforestation had been erratic, increasing in 2011 but decreasing in 2012 and 2013. The study asserted that private reforestation, or reforestation conducted by the private sector under no agreement with the government, has been the main driver of nongovernment reforestation at present. However, its full development as an industry has been hindered by various institutional, production, and marketing issues and problems. The study recommended ways to address these problems and issues and move nongovernment reforestation forward.


Three related questions—metaphysical, epistemological, and psychological—about pretense and its relationship to imagination are distinguished. Answers to the metaphysical and epistemological questions are defended in the balance of the chapter. In response to the metaphysical question of what it is to pretend, it's argued that we need not invoke a sui generis notion of imagination, nor a concept of pretend, in order to say what qualifies someone as pretending. To pretend that x is y is, roughly, to intentionally make some x y-like while believing that x will not, in the process, become a y. Nor, in answer to the epistemological question, need we hold that the recognition of pretense in others requires attributing to them sui generis imaginings, or a primitive mental state concept of PRETEND. Pretense can be recognized—when it is recognizable at all—via superficial features of a person's behavior.


Hole mobility in a copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc)-based top-contact transistor has been studied with various organic layer thicknesses. It is found that the transistor performance depends on the thickness of the CuPc layer, and the mobility increases with the increase in the CuPc layer and saturated at the thickness of 6 ML. The upper layers do not actively contribute to the carrier transport in the organic films. The morphology of the organic layer grown on the bare SiO2/Si substrate is also presented. The analysis of spatial correlations shows that the CuPc films grow on the SiO2 according to the mixed-layer mode.


Many RFID authentication protocols have been designed by intuition and experience. Since they lack systematic theory support, these protocols often have a number of vulnerabilities. This paper proposes a series of rules called RFID authentication protocol security enhanced rules (RAPSER), used to provide systematic theory support for RFID authentication protocol design and verification. After a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the essence of RFID security issues and requirements, we propose RAPSER, and then axiomatise its foundation, and formalise its original proposition and negative proposition. By Chien's and Khan's protocol, we demonstrate how RAPSER can be implemented to design and verify RFID authentication protocols. We justified why the popular protocol does not offer sufficient security and privacy protection, and thereafter, proposed a stronger protocol to fix these security holes with RAPSER. The result of this study suggests that RAPSER can be significant for RFID authentication protocol design and verification.


This study proposes a hybrid deep learning models called attention-based CNN-BiLSTM (ACBiL) for dialect identification on Javanese text. Our ACBiL model comprises of input layer, convolution layer, max pooling layer, batch normalization layer, bidirectional LSTM layer, attention layer, fully connected layer and softmax layer. In the attention layer, we applied a hierarchical attention networks using word and sentence level attention to observe the level of importance from the content. As comparison, we also experimented with other several classical machine learning and deep learning approaches. Among the classical machine learning, the Linear Regression with unigram achieved the best performance with average accuracy of 0.9647. In addition, our observation with the deep learning models outperformed the traditional machine learning models significantly. Our experiments showed that the ACBiL architecture achieved the best performance among the other deep learning methods with the accuracy of 0.9944.


Dr Rho introduces us to his patient, Yune, a physician in her early fifties and gives an account of his work with her that takes place over seven years. Interestingly, and like many referrals for treatment in countries where psychoanalytic thinking is beginning to take root, the referral is not for psychoanalysis, however, we regard it, nor is it even conceived as directly for Yune herself, but rather as a consultation to help her in understanding and parenting her daughter who suffers from so-diagnosed Attention Deficit Disorder. Following the assessment with Dr Rho, Yune requests psychotherapy for herself. I think what Dr Rho glosses here is the sensitive understanding and tact involved in initiating a move from the interpersonal parent-child focussed referral to one where the focus is on the individual's inner world. What was it that Dr Rho was able to convey to his narcissistically vulnerable patient with impulse, identity and substance issues, which interested her in exploring her own mind and functioning? As reported, Yune, an academically gifted child whose parents needed her to excel, appears to have suffered anxiety and loneliness since childhood. Her parents are reported as misunderstanding the role of play, enjoyment and imagination in childhood, seeming to (mis)believe that it detracts from learning and development rather than supporting it. Yune's parents are described as using anger, physical punishment and shaming to render Yune compliant to their aspirations for obedience, discipline and constrained behaviour. I am inclined to think that not only psychological but also cultural factors influenced by Confucian values about filial piety and obedience are involved in shaping the parental attitudes to child rearing. In childhood, Yune reported that she held a phantasy that she would be rescued by a 'hero' – this phantasy may have contributed to enabling her to begin work with Dr Rho by generating a positive transference and hope in a psychoanalytic process and balancing the more evident demeaning and competitive stance towards the analyst. Yune reported that she developed an eating disorder and substance misuse in college. Yune appears to attempt to manage her narcissistic vulnerabilities through splitting and projection: the internal object is split into inferior/superior, dominant/submissive, and idealised/ devalued with one side projected. In the early years of her work with Dr Rho, the dynamics of this splitting are manifested and communicated in her analysis with Dr Rho often in projective identification with the negative side of the split. The first eighteen months of the work is on a once weekly basis. Yune is reported as being both dissatisfied with her daughter who fails to study adequately and with herself for her punitive attitude towards her daughter. Dr Rho is left troubled and


"Joint inference of adaptive and demographic history from temporal population genomic data" by Pavinato et al explores the inference of demographic parameters and selection parameters using random forests and Approximate Bayesian Computation. They present an analysis of their simulation-based inference procedure as well as an application of their method to genomic time-series data from honey bees. The manuscript addresses an interesting and important problem


This report, and other clinical trials of cells created by 3D printers, make it clear that the technology is moving full speed ahead. And there's no time to waste: A worldwide shortage of organ donors means that many people die while waiting for an organ. In the US alone, more than 120,000 people are waiting for organ donations, mainly kidneys. The National Kidney Foundation estimates that 13 Americans die every day waiting for a kidney.


Electrokinetic soil remediation can be used a remediation tool to extract dissolved ions and organic compounds from soils. To initiate electrokinetic transport, a DC electric potential field is applied to soils. The magnitude of the transport velocity due to electromigration and electroosmosis is directly related to the electric potential gradient. Most researches have been focused at the remediation of saturated soils. However, many contaminant sources lie within unsaturated soils as a result of leaking chemical storage tanks and landfills. Electrokinetic induced transport of soil water and ions within the water may provide a remediation alternative to unsaturated soils. In this study, hydrogen and cadmium ions transport in unsaturated soils are predicted with a simple numerical method in which electrical flow is coupled with hydraulic flow, and the treatment for unsaturated soils are investigated. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: Hydrogen and cadmium ions move downward in unsaturated soils, particularly, move significantly downward in case of upper layer of sandy/clayey soils and lower layer of clayey/silty soils. However, remediation is applied suc-cessfully to unsaturated soils by coupled electric-hydraulic gradient.


The transmission line matrix time domain (TLM-TD) method is used to simulate the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) cou-pled inside a shielding box with an aperture. Simulations for different electromagnetic pulses regarding to different rise time and fall time have been performed. The results for shielding effectiveness of these different excitations have been presented. A simple method that uses an extra metal for reducing the interference has also been proposed and tested.


Diagnostic information of English learners can be beneficial for their learning, and cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) are gaining popularity as a means of obtaining diagnostic information. Among the CDMs, the deterministic inputs, noisy "and" gate (DINA) model is based on an assumption that the cognitive attributes are noncompensatory while the deterministic inputs, noisy "or" gate (DINO) model assumes the attributes are compensatory. The choice of CDMs is often made without evidence obtained from data. In this study, a test of reading comprehension (RC) was analyzed. The choice of the DINA or DINO model was made section by section, and goodness-of-fits were compared across the models. The best model was a mixed one with one DINA and two DINO models. Mastery probabilities for each attribute was also compared across the modeling choices. The results show some evidence that compensation of RC skills can be made depending on item types. This study also provides a cautionary note to the users of CDMs that if a wrong model is chosen, mastery probabilities of the students can be dramatically misleading.


Introduction Burn injuries are very important causes of morbidity and mortality among children. The aim of this study was to determine the burn related injuries in paediatric population in Shiraz, which is one of the largest cities in the Fars province in Iran. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we investigated 691 burn victims aged 14 years and less in year 2009 admitted to Ghotbeddin hospital, the only burn specialised centre in the South of Iran. Results These subjects represent 31.5% (691/2194) of all burn patients treated in that year. The children's mean age was 4±3.4 years and their burn per cent was 5.7%±10.9%. Their sex ratio (M/F) was 1.37 and 1–6 year children were the most frequent group (58.3%) among paediatric patients. There were no statistical significant differences in the age (p=0.67) and burn per cent (p=0.88) of two sexes. Only 105 cases (15%) were hospitalised and others were treated as out-patients. Five-hundred thirty seven cases (78%) were from urban areas and others were rural people. Boiling water (34%), hot tea (20%) and hot food (6.8%) were the three leading causes of paediatric burns. Winter had the highest incidence of paediatric burns (30%). What's more, living room (45.4%) and kitchen (31.4%) were the most common places of burn incidence. The mortality rate in pediatrics was 2% (14/691). Conclusion Most of the paediatric burn injuries happened at home by hot liquids in the colder seasons of the year. It is suggested that paediatric burn prevention should be an essential element of parental education.


Objective To investigate the biotransformation of furannoligularenone by cell suspension cultures of Nicotiana tabacum. Methods Furannoligularenone was added to the medium of the suspension cells of N. tabacum after precultured for 10 d, then they were co-cultured for another 4 d. The biotransformed products were detected with HPLC and isolated by various chromatographic methods. The chemical structures of biotransformed products were elucidated on the basis of their physicochemical pro-perties and spectroscopic data. Otherwise, the influence of co-cultured time on conversion ratio was investigated either. Results The substrate, furannoligularenone (Ⅰ), was successfully biotransformed by N. tabacum cultured cells. Two products, 3-oxo-eremophila-1, 7(11)-dien-12, 8-olide (Ⅱ) and 3-oxo-8-hydroxyeremophila-1, 7(11)-dien-12, 8-olide (Ⅲ) were obtained. After co-cultured for 5 d, the mole conversion ratio of the substrate reached the highest (53.1%). Conclusion It's the first report on biotransformation of furannoligularenone by N. tabacum cultured cells.


Objective:To generalize the application of minisurger in treatment i nt racranial hemotoma.Methods: In 40 cases,useing a diamater 3mm and adequacy lengt h crashing-needle that was drilled into cyslohaematoma with CT locating.To soak old blood and inject heparin,hyaluronidase and urokinase into cyslohaematoma to liquefy the cruor.After repeating the processing 2 to 5 times,the hemotoma is c leared.Results: 21 patiants of traumatic intracranial hematoma,survival in 19 ca ses,death in 2 cases,suvival rate reaches90%.19 patiants of hypertensive inteac erebral hemorehsion,survival in 18 cases,death in 1 cases,suvival rate was95%.C onclusions: Minisurgery in treatment of intracranial hemotoma is wide applicatio n,laconicism and minitraumatic.Biologicalzyme's application make patients be op erated on early stage and hyper-early stage,and mitigate oppression to brain or ganisimion and break out a sevies of patho-trasfrom after blooding,to improve c ure-rate and suvival quality.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of an exploratory research paper undertaken in Auckland, New Zealand which focused on the Approved Destination Status (ADS) inbound tour operators' understanding of the Chinese market and their strategies for developing Auckland as a sustainable destination. Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten managers out of the 25 registered ADS inbound tour operators. The qualitative responses were coded and analysed using pattern identification and categorisation of emergent themes. Findings – The findings profile New Zealand ADS inbound operators, summarise their knowledge of the Chinese market in terms of visitor expectations and characteristics, present the operator's perceptions of Qualmark quality accreditation scheme and ADS Code of Conduct, and demonstrate the quality management initiatives they have developed in addition to addressing the issues within the Chinese market operation. Originality/value – The...


Abstract With the automation development of excavator, fault detection for hydraulic system has become one of the key techniques of modern excavator. By analyzing the principal of hydraulic system, this paper presents an approach to detect faults of the excavator's hydraulic system. This approach consists of three steps: process modeling, principal components and residual generation, and fault detection. Several typical faults of hydraulic system were considered in this paper and experimental data are used to validate the approach. The experimental results show that the proposed fault detection approach is high-efficiency and reliable estimator of hydraulic system and could effectively applied to the excavator's hydraulic system.


A method of EMI reduction using spectral modification through self-excitation-chaos is proposed. We derived a second-order S-switching iterative map describing the dynamics of simple feedback buck switching regulator operating in continuous mode. Analysis of this map shows that chaos and bifurcations may occur at certain values of the input voltage. By making the converter operating in chaos, the simulation results demonstrate that a reduction of spectral peak and consequent spreading of the spectrum can be shown, and it will hardly influence to output voltage ripples.


The invention provides a circuit system which is used for a display to read memory data, comprising a plurality of memory blocks, a plurality of segmented data buses and a bolt locking circuit. Each memory block is used for memorizing a plurality of pixel data and outputting the plurality of pixel data according to an output control signal. The plurality of segmented data buses are serially connected into a row for transmitting the pixel data output by the plurality of memory blocks. Each segmented data bus includes a data bus segment and a transmission gate, wherein the data bus segment is coupled to one memory block of the plurality of memory blocks for transmitting the pixel data output by the memory blocks, the transmission gate is coupled to a place between the data bus segment and another data bus segment for conducting or breaking the transmission connection between the data bus segment and another data bus segment. The bolt locking circuit is coupled to the plurality of segmented data buses and used for receiving the pixel data transmitted by the plurality of segmented data buses.


The Community Health Centre (PHC) is a health service provider in one area. The importance of improving the quality of care at PHC by establishing a close relationship with patients. This study aims to describe the influence of care management and service quality, especially in PHC with work commitments as a mediator. This study uses a quantitative approach and path analysis. An accidental technique determined the sample by distributing questionnaires; the number of nurses was 100 people. The results showed that work commitment as a mediator in improving service quality had a small and insignificant effect. In contrast, the direct impact was more significant on care management on service quality. The conclusion is that nursing management has an immediate but insignificant effect on service quality, compared to the direct impact: supervision, patient satisfaction survey, percentage of cases carried out in inpatient PHC.


Objective-To investigate theinfluence ofbirth weight onthepronounced social class differences in infant mortality inBritain. Design-Analysis ofroutine dataonbirths and infant deaths. Setting-England andWales. Subjects-All livebirths andinfant deaths,


A PC-based distributed CNC architecture is proposed and implemented primary in the paper.The principle and requirement of configuration technology apply on CNC systems is presented.Based on the requirement of configuration CNC systems,the method of designing CNC system component and the way showing device characteristics by parameter are given,and the process and method of configuration CNC system are presented.


This article describes the relationship of federal, state, and local policy as it relates to early childhood special education (ECSE) policies. The article describes the balance of power among the three levels of government established by a system of federalism, such as the U.S. form of government. The author hypothesizes that efforts on behalf of young children with special needs and their families need to be increasingly focused on local action rather than federal. The role of the federal government in ECSE policy may diminish in the future, and the goals of policy, whether federal or local policies, are more likely to be met if individuals at the local level commit to local action. The author proposes that future federal, state, or local policy gains will be dependent on actions taken by individuals at the state and local level.


The uniaxial strength of engineering ceramics is often measured by the well-known flexure strength test method there is a risk that flexure data are not representative of the properties of fabricated components. Reliability estimates for components based upon statistical extrapolation techniques from flexure data may not be valid. This paper reviews the problem and judges the usefulness of flexure data for design purposes. It is shown that some of the limitations of flexure data apply; to other modes of testing, including direct tension testing


Thirty-five Wistar rats weighing 200 - 250 mg were categorized into five treatment groups- the control, saline, cisplatin, pre-cisplatin and the post-cisplatin groups, each comprising of seven rats per group, to assess the effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis on cisplatin-induced testicular damage in Wistar rats. The control group received feed mash and water ad libitum, the saline group received equal volumes of physiological saline intraperitoneally with normal feeds and water. The pre-cisplatin group was treated with 100mg/kg body weight of ethanolic leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis for twelve weeks before being treated with 8mg/kg of cisplatin intraperitoneally for five days. Sacrifice was done after another twelve weeks. Cisplatin group received 8 mg/kg body weight of cisplastin for five days without any extract treatment, but had normal feeds and water for twelve weeks before sacrifice. The post-cisplatin group had 8mg/kg body weight of cisplatin for five days before being treated with 100mg/kg of ethanolic leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis for twelve weeks before sacrifice. The extract group received only the 100mg/kg of ethanolic leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis for twelve weeks without any other treatment before sacrifice. The effects of these treatments on body weight, testicular and epididymal weight, testicular volume, total and motile sperm count, sperm motility, percentage live:dead sperm, hormonal and haematological parameters as well effects on testicular and epididymal cytoarchitecture of the Wistar rats were assessed.There were significant (p<0.05) changes in body weight, testicular and epididymal weight, testicular volume, sperm, hormonal and haematological parameters in the treatments, compared to control. The pre-cisplatin treatment group showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in the induced changes caused by cisplatin, compared to the post-cisplatin group. The findings of this investigation confirms the protective effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis on cisplatin-induced gonadotoxicity in male Wistar rats.


Supply chain management (SCM) is an emerging field that has commanded attention from different communities. On the one hand, the optimization of supply chain which is an important issue, requires a reliable prediction of future demand. On the other hand, It has been shown that intelligent systems and machine learning techniques are useful for forecasting in several applied domains. In this paper, we introduce the machine learning technique of time series forecasting Support Vector Regression (SVR) which is nowadays frequently used. Furthermore, we use the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the SVR parameters. We investigate the accuracy of this approach for supply chain demand forecasting by applying it to a case study.


A new transparent bridging scheme, called the source dependent spanning tree (SDS), is presented in which bridges observe broadcast packets from active hosts to create the shortest path trees for these hosts dynamically. Issues related to packet forwarding in the presence of multiple trees are identified and algorithms for addressing these issues are presented. Some important properties of SDS, such as correctness, are described, and it is compared with previously proposed schemes. Under standard traffic assumptions, it is shown that SDS can achieve load sharing and shortest-path routing without incurring excessive storage and communication overheads.<<ETX>>


The capability approach, an increasingly popular conceptual and theoretical framework focused on what individuals are able to do and be, offers a unique evaluative perspective to social policy analysis. This book explores the advantages of this approach and offers a way forward in addressing conceptual and empirical issues as they apply specifically to social policy research and practice. Short conceptual and empirical chapters provide clear examples of how policies shape the capabilities of different groups and individuals, critically assessing the efficacy of different social policies across multiple social policy fields, providing both academic and practitioner viewpoints.


This article presents a case study of how educators in one northeastern school district participated in school-based learning through lesson study (LS). Using a sociocultural perspective on teachers' learning, I compared the participation of educators who were new to lesson study ("LS novices") with those who had more experience with the practice ("LS experienced practitioners"). Consistent with prior research, I discovered that LS novices focused primarily on learning the routine and on the novelty of observing instruction. LS experienced practitioners, in contrast, were comfortable with the routine and thus concentrated instead on how they elicited students' thinking. I discuss how educators might progress from having a less developed to a more developed understanding of lesson study, and how supports such as routine participation and interactions with knowledgeable experts might help educators develop their understanding and application of lesson study over time.


Objective To evaluate the significance of cystatin C (CysC) in the diagnosis for early kidney injury of diabetes and hypertension by testing serum CysC and serum creatinine concentration and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in patients with type 2 diabetes and primary hypertension.Methods Sixty-six patients with type 2 diabetes were selected,among whom the total 38 patients whose UAE were 30-300 mg/24 h were classified into early diabetic nephropathy (DN) group,and 28 patients whose UAE were < 30 mg/24 h were classified into non diabetic nephropathy (NDN) group.Fifty-two patients with primary hypertension were selected,among whom the total 25 patients whose UAE were ≥ 30 mg/24 h were classified into hypertension with kidney injury group,and 27 patients whose UAE were < 30 mg/24 h were classified into hypertension without kidney injury group.Sixty health people were selected as control group.The UAE,CysC and creatinine levels were detected.Results The CysC in early DN group was significantly higher than that in control group and NDN group [(1.84 ± 0.83)mg/L vs.(0.41 ± 0.62) and (0.66 ± 0.59) mg/L],and there was statistical difference (P < 0.05).There was no statistical difference in CysC between NDN group and control group (P > 0.05).There were no statistical differences in creatinine and UAE among the DN group,NDN group and control group (P > 0.05).The CysC in hypertension with kidney injury group was significantly higher than that in control group and hypertension without kidney injury group [(0.93 ± 1.04) mg/L vs.(0.41 ± 0.62) and (0.69 ± 0.57) mg/L],and there was statistical difference (P < 0.05).There was no statistical difference in CysC between hypertension without kidney injury group and control group (P > 0.05).There were statistical differences in creatinine and UAE among hypertension with kidney injury group,hypertension without kidney injury group and control group (P > 0.05).Conclusion CysC can be regarded as the value to judge early kidney injury,and it is very important inunderstanding patient's condition,by which appropriate treatment can be carried out to prevent or decrease the occurrence of chronic renal failure.

Key words:
Diabetic mellitus;  Hypertension;  Cystatin C


A system of partial differential equation for modelling the conduction of heat was proposed by Ghaleb & El-Deen Mohamedein (1989). According to their theory, the initial-value problem for the temperature is ill-posed. In this paper, two well-posed problems for the temperature are introduced and investigated.


We report use of the dye Styryl 13 for picosecond synchronous amplification in a noncollinear longitudinally pumped dye-amplifier arrangement. In this manner we obtained pulses ~5 psec in duration, tunable from 900 to 990 nm, with energy up to 300 microJ, and focusable to near the diffraction limit.


Bulbophyllum lemniscatoides Rolfe is a species native to Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. It was recently collected in Mt. Timolan Protected Landscape of Zamboanga del Sur, confirming its occurrence in the Philippine archipelago. Here, we provide species descriptions based on our collected material and photographs to aid identification, geographical distribution information, habitat, phenology, and an IUCN conservation assessment.


Indonesia is a country that implements a democratic political system. As such, the involvement of society in the political process becomes very important. The purpose of this article is to research the democracy and local political participation in Sumedang. The study uses qualitative methods with primary data obtained from field observations and direct interviews of several informants. Additionally, the researchers use secondary data as a complement to the analysis. The results of this study indicate that the community at the local level truly understands the importance of political participation. However, due to disappointment in government perfor-mance, a part of the community has become discouraged from participating in the political process conducted by local governments. Several factors hinder efforts to encourage political participation. These include limited access to political aspirations that are still rare and the process of political education that is still low.


For driving the rotation and the direction perpendicular to a nozzle for a component placement device applying suction to a component includes a rotary drive and a line driver, the linear actuator having a stator connected to the rotary drive of the stator, and whereby movement between the two stators each other not. A nozzle connecting shaft with a splined shaft connected to the rotary drive shaft is a spline shaft and having a suction nozzle disposed at the bottom thereof is connected to allow the nozzle connecting shaft to move only linearly. Connected around the nozzle connecting shaft and having a movable element interposed in the middle of the rolling bearing of a hollow holder is connected to the linear actuator, and the hollow holder with interposed in the middle of a straight line guide and the linear drive stator.


Industrial Transformation, concept upgrading sustainable development concerns, focuses on: societal, environmental and technological changes; system and system changes, environmentally relevant; relationships between producer and consumer, including adequate instruments and institutions; global changes research. In this paper, we trz to put in evidence some main features of industrial transformation research in industry, transportation and international trade.


Dear Prof Cerdà: Firstly, thank you so much for your positive feedback. Secondly, i would like also to thank you for this complete bibliographic collection. Now several of this references have used to improve our manuscript. Regarding to the lack of differences on SOC, 30 months after the amendment addition, three are the main reasons that could justify this fact: i) the lack of previous composting in the treatments added, which increased the time needed for decomposition processes to occur (García-Gomez et al., 2005). C1


Let G = (σ, µ) be a fuzzy graph. Let u be an element of V. Let N (u) = {v ∈ V : µ (uv) = σ (u) ∧ σ (v)}. The fuzzy support of u is defined as the sum of the neighborhood degrees of the elements in N (u). In this research work we introduce the concept of support strong domination in fuzzy graphs. The fuzzy support of a vertex is defined and domination based on the fuzzy support is considered. Several results involving this new fuzzy domination parameter are established. We also obtain the fuzzy support strong domination number γ f (supp) for several classes of fuzzy graphs.


Simple Summary DNA sequencing has been used to characterize the intestinal microbiota of horses. However, all published studies are based on Illumina technology to date because it is widely accessible, but a major limitation is the short bacterial DNA fragment sequenced. Other long-read sequencing technologies (i.e., PacBio) can classify bacteria at the species level and therefore are more meaningful for the identification of specific changes in the gut after the use of antimicrobials, for example. The objectives of this study were to characterize the gut microbiota of horses at the species level before and after trimethoprim sulfadiazine administration and to compare results with short-read Illumina sequencing. PacBio sequencing failed to classify the equine intestinal microbiota at the species level but detected greater richness and less unclassified bacteria compared to Illumina sequencing. Bacteroidetes were the most abundant bacteria in the feces, followed by Firmicutes and Fibrobacteres in this study. Further studies should focus on improving databanks for equine studies. Abstract All current studies have used Illumina short-read sequencing to characterize the equine intestinal microbiota. Long-read sequencing can classify bacteria at the species level. The objectives of this study were to characterize the gut microbiota of horses at the species level before and after trimethoprim sulfadiazine (TMS) administration and to compare results with Illumina sequencing. Nine horses received TMS (30 mg/kg) orally for 5 days twice a day to induce dysbiosis. Illumina sequencing of the V4 region or full-length PacBio sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed in fecal samples collected before and after antibiotic administration. The relative abundance and alpha diversity were compared between the two technologies. PacBio failed to classify the equine intestinal microbiota at the species level but confirmed Bacteroidetes as the most abundant bacteria in the feces of the studied horses, followed by Firmicutes and Fibrobacteres. An unknown species of the Bacteroidales order was highly abundant (13%) and deserves further investigation. In conclusion, PacBio was not suitable to classify the equine microbiota species but detected greater richness and less unclassified bacteria. Further efforts in improving current databanks to be used in equine studies are necessary.


It is strategically significant to establish and implement the scientific development concept to guide the innovation of the ideological and political education of college students and cultivat the young people with four virtues.The ideological and political education of college students should regard humanism as the nucleus,reflect the student-oriented idea and "three close",realize the comprehensive coordination and continuous development,uphold "the four unification",establish the new concept of moral education adapted to the continuous development and construct the long-term mechanism to the ideological and political education of college students by the "four know-how".


Supination injuries of the ankle ligament are among the most common injuries. They account for about 25% of all injuries in the musculoskeletal system. The most commonly injured part of the lateral ligament complex is the anterior talofibular ligament. In case of a multiligament rupture apart from the anterior talofibular ligament the calcaneofibular ligament is ruptured concomitantly. The calcaneofibular ligament apart from stabilising the ankle joint is a primary stabiliser of the subtalar joint as well. Theoretically a subtalar instability is present in this situation.


Introduction renal arteries. The proximal neck of the aneurysm was 24 mm long and 23 mm wide, without thrombus or Endoluminal repair of infrarenal aneurysms of the calcifications, and consequently fit for endovascular abdominal aorta is still controversial. Much unfixation (Fig. 2). Preoperative kidney function was certainty continues to exist about its proper application normal (urea: 5.5 mmol/l and creatinine: 91 lmol/l). and its success and reliability. The patient was operated on under epidural anWe report two cases with different types of anaesthesia. An AneuRx 26/15/165 aortoiliac stent graft eurysms of the infrarenal abdominal aorta, in which was placed transfemorally, followed by a 16/115 iliac there is, in our view, a clear preference for endoluminal contralateral leg and two iliac extensions of 15/55 right exclusion of the aneurysm. and 16/55 left (Medtronic AVE, California, U.S.A.). Occlusion time of the aorta was 5.5 minutes, fluoroscopy time was 27 min, blood loss was 200 ml, and skin-to-skin time was 105 min. The postoperative course was uneventful, except for Cases a grade I wound infection of the right groin. The abdominal aorta was not painful on palpation any A 56-year-old man presented with a 2-week history more. The patient was fully ambulatory the day after of a progressive pain in the back and abdomen. The surgery. Postoperative kidney function remained norpatient was known to have an infrarenal aneurysm of mal (urea: 6.3 mmol/l and creatinine: 128 lmol/l). CT the abdominal aorta (diameter 40 mm) and a horseshoe scan and duplex scanning of the abdomen, on diskidney. On physical examination, the aorta was paincharge (fifth postoperative day) and after 12 months, ful. Pulsations in the femoral arteries existed. The showed no evidence of endoleak and a normal (horseankle–brachial index was 1.01 at the right and 1.00 at shoe) kidney function (Fig. 1B). The aneurysm size the left side. Preoperative work-up consisted of a spiral was decreased to 43 mm. computed tomography (CT) scan and an intra-arterial An 83-year-old man, who had recovered from a abdominal angiogram and resulted in an aneurysm of pneumococcal sepsis 6 months ago, was referred to the abdominal aorta with a largest diameter of 49 mm, our hospital with an asymptomatic saccular aneurysm expanding in the common iliac arteries. There was no of the infrarenal abdominal aorta with a diameter of significant angulation of the aortic neck, or iliac ar55 mm. Preoperative work-up consisted of spiral CT teries. The inferior mesenteric artery was occluded scan and intra-arterial abdominal angiogram, which and both the internal iliac arteries were patent. Both resulted in a saccular aneurysm with a largest diameter renal arteries divide high up, next to the superior of 60 mm. On spiral CT there was no evidence of aorta mesenteric artery (Fig. 1A). There were no aberrant wall infection. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 20 mm/h. Therefore, an active mycotic aneurysm was unlikely. The inferior mesenteric artery ∗ Please address all correspondence to: R. H. Geelkerken, Deas well as both the iliac arteries were patent. There partment of Vascular Surgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, P.O. Box: 50 000, 7500 KA Enschede, The Netherlands. was no significant angulation of the aortic neck, or


Abstract. Agricultural practices in the UK have come under increased scrutiny since the heavy and widespread flooding of 2000 and 2001. Although the impact of land use on runoff and flood risk is of growing concern, there are few quantitative data available. A preliminary study was undertaken in the Nant Pontbren catchment, mid‐Wales. Experimental tree shelterbelts were established in selected pastures of land used for sheep grazing. Water infiltration rates were up to 60 times higher in areas planted with young trees than in adjacent grazed pastures. This demonstrates that farm trees could represent a key landscape feature, reducing run‐off even when only present as a small proportion of the land cover. This is likely to be just one of the environmental and economic benefits of planting trees to re‐create a more diverse agricultural landscape.


We were blessed by a pretty normal week with all crops growing well in most areas. Some replanting was necessary, particularly in some southern Iowa fields where the crop had emerged or was just emerging when the freezes came about two weeks ago. Also, a few places suffered from seedling blights that took stands down. Damping off is caused by soil-borne fungi and is favored by cool, wet conditions. Seeds that have taken up water but cannot grow for a few days because of low temperatures, are particularly at risk. Warm soils as we enter June will help new plantings avoid some of the seedling blight problems. Disciplines Agriculture | Entomology This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cropnews/2372


The produced nitrogen oxides from the biological treatment of swine and dairy anaerobic supernatant are evaluated. The quantification of the emissions has been conducted in a continuous way and coupled with batch tests to determine the mechanisms of formation. Using a continuous monitoring system, N2O and NO forms are present in higher quantities than NO2. The elevated emissions are linked with the increment of the influent nitrogen load both in the daily variations and in the long period. The NH4–N and NO2–N accumulations are recognized as the main parameters which determine the great nitrogen oxide emissions even at dissolved oxygen concentration of around 2 mgL−1. The nitrogen oxides' impacts are between 0.0034 and 0.0044N% for the N2O and between 0.0020 and 0.0026N% for NO. A strict dependence between the N2O and the oxidation reduction potential is found.


In reality, there are still violations of the rights-violations of religious freedom. The system of democratic societies allow for any differences, including religion, culture and ideology to be communicated and consolidated well. Here in lies the importance of setting and restrictions se in a human rights instruments both internationally and nationally. Through its legal instrument, the mission to ensure security for everyone with neutral behavior or nonpartisan. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion is absolute, meaning there is no limitation in its implementation. While the religious freedom can be restricted is freedom in the manifestation of religion (freedom to act). And also, freedom of religion is a basic or fundamental freedom, because religious freedom is a natural right and natural character to appreciation and respect for human dignity.


Detecting spreaders can help an intrusion detection system identify potential attackers. The existing work can only detect aggressive spreaders that scan a large number of distinct addresses in a short period of time. However, stealthy spreaders may perform scanning deliberately at a low rate. We observe that these spreaders can easily evade the detection because their small traffic footprint will be covered by the large amount of background normal traffic that frequently flushes any spreader information out of the intrusion detection system's memory. We propose a new streaming scheme to detect stealthy spreaders that are invisible to the current systems. The new scheme stores information about normal traffic within a limited portion of the allocated memory, so that it will not interfere with spreaders' information stored elsewhere in the memory. The proposed scheme is light weight; it can detect invisible spreaders in high-speed networks while residing in SRAM. Through experiments using real Internet traffic traces, we demonstrate that our new scheme detects invisible spreaders efficiently while keeping both false-positives (normal sources misclassified as spreaders) and false-negatives (spreaders misclassified as normal sources) to low level.


Thermal flux loss (FL) is one of the important properties in applications of Nd–Fe–B magnets to electrical and electronic devices. FL is expected to occur inhomogeneously in magnets with a complex shape, because it depends on the strength of the local demagnetizing field. Thus, in terms of their applications, we need to predict the inhomogeneous FL from basic magnetic properties measured for a magnet with a simple shape such as a sphere. In this contribution, we propose a method of predicting inhomogeneous initial flux loss, FLint, in a magnet with a complex shape, and compare the predicted values of FLint with the measured ones for a model magnet. Consequently, the predicted and measured distributions agreed with each other. This result suggests that the proposed method can be applied to the prediction of FLint in magnets with a complicated shape used in electrical and electronic devices.


The flower colors of Prunus mume 'Nanjing Hongxu'and P.mume 'Nanjing Hong'exist mainly temporal changes caused by different flower developing stages,reflecting that the flower colors are under the control of flower development. The flower colors of these two cultivars are all the strongest in Alabastrum period,thin in some sort in Initial flower period,thicken appreciably in Profuse flower period and thin furthest in Final flower period even if the petals senesce as soon as they begin to splay. At different flower developing stage,the chroma differences of petal colors of different layers are:outer layermiddle layerinner layer,namely,the concrete collocating site of petal in the corolla decides the specific color chroma of this petal. But the change trends of the petal colors of different layers are not completely similar. In the mean time,the content changes of total flavonoids of the outer layers of two cultivars are positively correlated with the petal color changes of outer layers. On the other hand,the flower color difference induced by the inserting site of the flower in canopy is not remarkable at all,showing that the spatial variations of the flower colors are very petit. This paper could be a reference or a premise for the exploration on the flower color mechanism of red Mei flowers and the flower selecting in the cDNA cloning of the key enzyme genes determining the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in Mei flower.


Glossary Preface 1. Condensed matter 2. Properties of elastic solids 3. Dynamics and stability of elastic media 4. Static properties of liquids 5. Dynamic properties of liquids 6. Diffusion Appendices Index.


In order to study the soil nail optimization of foundation pit and obtain the global optimal solution, this paper establishes the predictive model of response surface by combining uniform test design(UD) and the support vector machine(SVM) technology. In order to avoid the disadvantages of large amount of calculation and low efficiency in heuristic algorithm, and to gain the optimal model of the explicitly analytical function in gradient algorithm, based on the predictive model of response surface under the constraint conditions, the foundation pit soil nailing is optimized through the application of enumerative algorithm. Through an engineering example, it is showed that is a time-saving method and don't need explicitly analytical model. Meanwhile, it can obtain the global optimal solution.


NOTICE OF QUARTERLY MEETINGS FOR 1888. ELECTION OF MEMBERS. Airr qualified medical practitioner, not disqualifed by any by-law of the Association, who shall be recommended s ble by any three members, may be elected a member by the CouswiZ or by any recognised Branch Council. Meetings of the Council will be held on January 18th, April 18th, July 18th, and October 17th, 1888. Candidates for election by the Council of the Association must send in their forms of application to the General Secretary not later than twenty-one days before each meeting, namely, December 29th, 1887, March 28th, June 27th, and September 26th, 1888. Candidates seeking election by a Branch Council should apply to the Secretary of the Branch. No member can be elected by a Branch Council unless his name has been inserted in the circular summoning the meeting at which he seeks election. FRA1WIs FOwKE., General SeoretaV.


According to the Large Scale Hierarchical Classification Workshop of the ECIR 2010 [6], we know that the performance of classification for the large scale hierarchy, such as Open Directory Project (ODP), is still lower. Obviously, we need to improve the performance of hierarchical classification urgently. While a deep classification method [1] was proposed to make the problem tractable, the candidate selection method might be a bottleneck in the deep classification. In this paper, we used a centroid-based classification algorithm as the candidate selection strategy to enhance the deep classification. We conducted experiments with all the Chinese categories on the Open Directory Project. The experimental results show that the proposed method improved the performance of classification through selecting candidate


The concept of voluntary simplicity (VS) is taken as a starting point to investigate consumers' use of information sources when making purchases of sustainable technological products and services. Differences in information seeking and sources consulted and trusted are investigated with a view to increasing the uptake of sustainable domestic technologies such as energy efficient fridges and washing machines over more grey alternatives. Clear patterns both in sources used and the information seeking process were found between different groups of consumers and priorities for purchase were also identified. The results suggest different strategies for marketing sustainable technologies to these different consumer groups.


Many solutions to integrate IP with ATM and to map IP on ATM service categories have already been presented. Yet how to police the chosen ATM service category is still an open issue. We present the IP over ATM policing issue. Since the loss of a single ATM cell would cause the loss of an entire IP packet, no cell of a well-behaved user should be rejected. At the same time in order to protect all network resources and the QoS of the other services, any violating user should be policed as rigidly as possible, independently of the background traffic. To this end we refer to ATM Usage Parameter Control standards and dimension the standardized ATM rate policer, the GCRA. We provide an upper-bound analytic GCRA parameters dimensioning able to ideally police the PCR of IP over CBR and VBR applications and the ACR of IP over ABR applications. For any background traffic no cell of a well-behaved user will be discarded whereas any violating user will be policed as rigidly as possible. In the case of IP over ABR policing we present a solution able to ideally police the ACR even during the updating phases of the current ACR.


This study investigates the attitude of community towards people living with HIV/AIDS in Abukwaka area council of Suleja local government in Niger state. A total of 60 randomly selected HIV/AIDS patients from the general population participated in the study. The data for the study was collected using 25 structured items questionnaire with sections A, B, C and D, the data was analyzed using frequency and descriptive statistics. The work aimed at examining the level of discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS and the factors in association with such attitudes. The study revealed that about 89 % of the respondents exhibited discriminatory attitudes in the entire eleven relevant items variable. Stigma among the community was significantly high (P<0.05) which was mostly due to fear of contracting the disease as a result of poor general knowledge about HIV/AIDS. In conclusion, community health education must be enforced in order to eradicate the challenge of misconception about the disease and necessity for a change of negative to positive attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).


The Monte-Carlo samples of pion,kaon and proton generated from 0.3 GeV/c to 1.2 GeV/c by the 'tester' generator from SIMBES which are used to simulate the detector of BESⅡare identified with the Bayesian neural networks(BNN).The pion identification and misidentification efficiencies are obviously better at high momentum region using BNN than the methods of X~2 analysis of dE/dX and TOF information. The kaon identification and misidentification efficiencies are obviously better from 0.3 GeV/c to 1.2 GeV/c using BNN than the methods of x~2 analysis.The proton identification and misidentification efficiencies using BNN are basically consistent with the ones of x~2 analysis.The anti-proton identification and misidentification efficiencies are better below 0.6 GeV/c using BNN than the methods of X~2 analysis.


We pay for you this proper as skillfully as simple mannerism to get those all. We meet the expense of energy transduction in biological membranes a textbook of bioenergetics springer advanced texts in chemistry and numerous books collections from fictions to scientific research in any way. among them is this energy transduction in biological membranes a textbook of bioenergetics springer advanced texts in chemistry that can be your partner.


Thecardiopulmonary effects ofa ketamine/acepromazine combination was studied intencatssubjected toa 25%wholebloodvolumeloss. Test parameters included cardiac output, measured viathermodilution, heart rate, respiratory rate,arterial blood pressure(systolic, diastolic andmean) andbloodgas analysis. Valuesfor cardiac index,strokevolumeand systemic vascular resistance were calculated fromthese data. Posthemorrhage, cardiacoutput,cardiac index, stroke volume, heart rateand measurementsof arterial blood pressurewere significantly decreased (p< 0.05). Following theinduction of ketamine/acepromazine cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volumeandheart rateshowedmild butstatistically insignificant declines and were abovetheirrespective posthemorrhage values 120mininto ketamine/acepromazine anesthesia. Measurements of arterial blood pressureshowedfurther declines from theirrespective posthemorrhage values thatwere statistically significant(p< 0.05). Following hemorrhage, respiratory rateincreased significantly (p< 0.05), associated witha fall inarterial CO2 tension. Duringketamine/acepromazineanesthesia, respiratory rate showeda dramatic andsignificant decline (p< 0.05) witharterial CO2 tensionrising to prehemorrhage values. Systemic vascular resistance, arterial 02 tension andpH remained essentially unchanged throughout the experimental period.


Coats' disease is a form of exudative retinal vasculopathy, commonly diagnosed in the first to second decades. In adults, it usually exhibits a benign course. We report the case of a 33-year-old male who presented with defective vision in the left eye for 2 weeks. He was diagnosed to have Coats' disease by fundus examination and fundus fluorescein angiography. He was treated with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor and sectoral retinal photocoagulation.


Along with the speeding up of the process of Globalization, international outsourcing, as a measure of resource allocation, has met a quick expansion. The transition of Internalization to Externalization in multinational corporations has a considerable influence upon employment and income distribution both in the home country and the recipient country. After the Shift of demand in the 1980s, outsourcing became a hot topic among scholars. The research on the overview of relative foreign literature will provide references for the further research of our outsourcing theory.


Author(s): Saulnier, Eric Scott | Advisor(s): Waugh, Joan; Aron, Stephen | Abstract: During the 1820s, 30s, and 40s, national politics operated under the influence of Andrew Jackson's political rise and enduring influence. The Jacksonian Era saw dramatic changes occur in the United States. Most importantly, the United States's national borders expanded to reach the Pacific Coast of North America, encompassing an area that Mexico, Great Britain, Russia, and numerous Native American groups claimed. At the same time, American letters burgeoned into a vibrant and unique national literature, one that practitioners believed rivaled any European discourses of nationalism in passion and erudition. George Bancroft operated at the nexus of these developments. He wrote the first popularly acclaimed and professional history of the United States, while simultaneously participating in Democratic Party politics. Ultimately, Bancroft served in the Presidential administration of James Knox Polk, influencing national policy and international diplomacy. This dissertation articulates the ideological assumptions and functions of the first three volumes of Bancroft's History of the United States, which covered the Colonial Era of American history, during the Age of Jackson, a period in which the United States ceased to operate on the periphery of European colonialism and became a colonial power in its own right.


Mutual respect, recognition and trust represent the founding stones for any cooperation among human beings and agricultural organizations make no distinction. For the first time, this research has investigated the reciprocal opinions of the managers of 22 coffee cooperatives, all members of BRFair, the umbrella association, that should cooperate for the enhancement of the growth of the Fair-Trade (FT) movement in Brazil. Through direct visits, telephonic conversation and skype talks, qualitative information and data were collected from 19 cooperatives, whereas the managers of three cooperatives have decided to not cooperate. The data reveal a large heterogeneity, in terms of number of members, areas with coffee, output, years of experience, and share of FT coffee with respect to total output. In some cases, the FT certification is only one of the strategies for diversifying the final market, whereas for some other respondents the FT certification has been a strategic decision. Three cooperatives emerge as leading the path for the promotion of the FT concept and for further diffusion of the organic methods, whereas many respondents admit a relatively scarce involvement in FT, organic and BRFair activities. Through a cluster analysis, three groups were identified: "Young, medium size and not very active", "Medium age, small size and mildly prepositive", and "Historical, large size and convinced". Thanks to this research, the self-consciousness of the BRFair members has increased and several activities have been planned for improving the participation and performances of the laggards.


The object of the study is pedagogical excellence as "the teacher's ability to engage students in collaborative learning activities to achieve planned developmental, upbringing, and learning outcomes" in the face of new challenges and risks. The study aims to formulate substantial requirements for pedagogical excellence in the conditions of the formation of a new educational environment. In a changing world, pedagogical excellence involves a combination of several techniques and technologies that contribute to the formation of a new image of the creative leader of the pedagogical process, which combines both the classical teacher, a methodologist, a speaker, a manager, and an organizer of time and space of the educational continuum around the student, who is actively involved in the process of receiving and actively acquiring knowledge.


explanation of the text itself with its many difficult allusions." But not so others; a common view is that here we have the accession of the youth (which McNeille had alleged too soon) as king or as vizier: he stood in the king's place. Siegfried urges that the imperfect of the verb means that the event was yet future: qui successurus erat. Now, beyond a doubt, the phrase can mean this. "To stand in one's place" is good Hebrew for succeeding to his position or throne. And the imperfect would express the future from the point of the narrative. But, on the contrary, the Hebrew does not demand such interpretation. The crux of the matter is the reference in the suffix on T1n l. It is idle to invoke English usage and point out that "the youth" is the nearest antecedent. Nonetheless, such identification gives the one interpretation harmonious with the theme of the passage. The youth continued to stand in his own place, that is, remained poor and humble. It may be objected that Siegfried's interpretation is more in harmony with the tense of the verb; for "continuing to stand" we should expect a participle. Whatever force there may be in this is obviated by the fact that the imperfect is employed in this force by Koheleth (e.g., 3:13, 14, 15, 22). Verse 16 is relatively simple. There was no end of all the crowds at whose head the old king was enthroned; none hele s, later generations will give no thought to him. The passage, then, translates:


OF THE DISSERTATION ........................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ........................................................................................... xiii


We consider a model where bidders in an auction own passive partial claims over their rivals' auction profits. While the cross ownership confers no ability to directly affect bidding behavior, the claims on rival profits dampen bidding competition. It is not uncommon for enforcement agencies to investigate such an arrangements as a possible violation of antitrust laws. When bidders hold the same aggregate level of shares in rival bidders in a first-price independent private-value auction, we find that such cross ownership has an effect similar to reducing the number of bidders while holding constant the distribution of the highest value in the auction. A similar decrease in competition occurs in independent private-value second-price auctions with two bidders and in first-price complete information auctions. In each of these cases, the competitive effect disappears as the level of cross ownership goes to zero. English auctions in complete information environments, however, generate strikingly different outcomes. There, for any positive level of cross ownership, the unique subgame perfect equilibrium generates the same result as the perfectly collusive outcome: the highest valued bidder wins the object at the lowest possible price


An attempt has been made to estimate the cost of grape production and resources use efficiency. It was revealed that the average cost of establishment of vineyard was Rs. 8082.06 per acre and the average cost of production of one kilogram of grape of Panneer Drakshai was Rs. 0.52. The level of irrigation. manures and fertilizers had more influence on the production of grapes.


Background This study was designed to analyze three tibial axis reference lines including the anterior tibial cortex (ATC) line, the fibular line (FL), and the anatomical axis of tibia (AAT) line, to determine which line most closely parallels the mechanical axis (MA) of the tibia in the sagittal plane. The clinical relevance of the study is that through finding a reliable landmark on the leg, a surgeon may minimize posterior tibial slope measurement errors thereby and improving the technique for assuring proper alignment of total knee arthroplasty. Methods The material for this study included CT scans of the tibia from 85 consecutive patients and 168 knees (78 without osteoarthritis (OA) and 90 knees with OA). Measurements of the angles between the tibial mechanical axis and each of three reference lines in the sagittal plane were carried out using 3D imaging software. Results Mean angles of 168 knees were as follows: aMT (3.96±0.85)°, aMF (0.70±0.58)°, and aMA (1.40±0.66)°, (aMT: an angle between MA and ATC, aMF: an angle between MA and FL, aMA: an angle between MA and AAT. All above‐mentioned angles were measured in the sagittal plane of tibia) and the aMF was significantly smaller than the others (P <0.0001). The mean value of the medial tibial slope angle vs. the MA was (9.19±3.97)°, and this was significantly larger than the mean lateral slope angle of (6.62±4.23)° (P <0.0001). The difference between aMF without OA and with OA was not statistically significant (P=0.5015) and the association between the aMT and aMA was strong (r=0.82, P <0.01). Conclusions FL was more closely parallel to the MA of tibia, and more showed less variation between OA and non‐OA controls than ATC and AAT lines. Furthermore, the amount of posterior slope in medial plateau was greater than that in lateral plateau. The findings of this analysis suggest that when using the anterior tibial cortex line as is commonly done with extramedullary tibial resection guides, the tibial resection should be sloped approximately four degrees more posteriorly.


Relevance feedback has a history in information retrieval that dates back well over thirty years (c.f [SL96]). Relevance feedback is typically used for query expansion during short-term modeling of a user's immediate information need and for user profiling during long-term modeling of a user's persistent interests and preferences. Traditional relevance feedback methods require that users explicitly give feedback by, for example, specifying keywords, selecting and marking documents, or answering questions about their interests . Such relevance feedback methods force users to engage in additional activities beyond their normal searching behavior . Since the cost to the user is high and the benefits are not always apparent, it can be difficult to collect the necessary data and the effectiveness of explicit techniques can be limited.


Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) or 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME) is a toxic compound that has teratogenic effects in developing organisms similar to its oxidation product methoxyacetic acid (MAA). Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is supposed to be involved with the oxidation of EGME into MAA. It has been shown here that Drosophila ADH dehydrogenates EGME in an in vitro test system. Three strains of Drosophila melanogaster, genetically different from each other with regard to ADH activities (qualitatively and quantitatively), were used to test the in vivo involvement of ADH with the oxidation of EGME into MAA. The toxicity of EGME in egg-to-adult and third instar larval-to-adult development is concentration and strain dependent. Higher detoxification occurs in the strain with increased ADH activity. EGME is much more toxic than its oxidation product MAA at the level of adult eclosion. Teratogenic effects were observed in the ADH-negative strain in spite of lacking ADH activity. EGME is apparently a teratogenic compound by itself.


Social gender norms shape individuals' opportunities and actions. Traditional and gender biased norms can contribute to persistent gender disparities. However, counter-stereotypical images can shift an expected behavior for men and women. This paper investigates if traveling to Western countries relaxes gender norms in the Middle East and North Africa region using the Arab Barometer data. Preliminary empirical findings suggest that international travel to Western countries relaxes gender norms only for those individuals who spend abroad longer than one month and only for less binding gender norms not associated with changing power relationships between men and women.


a Illustrations of Rshort and Rlong devices. b Definition of the rotational angle ?. c Detail of the inlet portion of fluidic devices. To achieve a concentric hydrodynamic 3D focusing, a 2 mm long concentric needle was designed to deliver the solution injected through the central inlet at the center of the main channel, while surrounded by the sheath generated by the solutions fed through the lateral inlets. d Schematic of the protonation-induced aggregation of TPPS3 to give intrinsically chiral J-aggregates (note: in the cartoon of the porphyrin the yellow balls represent the phenyl rings either bearing or not the sulfonate group). e 2D-representation of trajectories of the secondary flow forming inside the Rshort (left) and Rlong (right) devices, showing different relative magnitudes of the counter-rotating CW and CCW vortices in short- and long-pitch helices. The porphyrin is injected in the middle of the channel (red color) surrounded by a sheath of the acid solution (blue region). Boundary conditions: 15 µM TPPS3 at the central inlet, 10 mM HCl at the lateral inlets. Credit: Sevim et al, Nature Communications (2022) heart


An electric arc welding system includes a welding torch having a head supporting a nonconsumable, elongated electrode for establishing an arc and between a work piece and an outer end of the electrode. The system further includes nozzle means for supplying an inert gas shield around the longitudinal axis of the electrode and said arc and conductor means for supplying current to the electrode for establishing and maintaining the arc. Means are provided for feeding filler wire toward the longitudinal axis of the electrode and the arc along a feed path intersecting the axis at an acute angle. The feeding means includes means for advancing the filler wire along the feed path in repetitive incremental strokes separated by alternating periods of stationary dwell.