Abstract Case report - Introduction A 4-year-old girl presented with a 1-year history of difficulty dressing, walking, and getting up from the ground. Examination revealed thickening of the skin, and the presumptive diagnosis was that of scleroderma. However, the dramatic loss of movement seemed out of proportion to her skin changes and therefore further investigations were completed. Her final diagnosis was that of a myofasciitis, a rare diagnosis in a child. This case highlights the importance of a thorough investigative process in order to make the correct diagnosis and explains our management plan for this young girl. Case report - Case description A 4-year-old girl, previously well presented with a 1-year history of difficulty dressing, walking, and getting up from the ground. Her joints were never swollen. There were no other systemic symptoms. There was no past medical history. Developmentally all her milestones were achieved on time prior to symptom onset, though she always found it difficult to climb the stairs. Examination revealed thickening of the skin that felt like advanced scleroderma. The skin on her forearms and ankles was quite turgid. There was an area of morphea around her right shoulder. There were no areas of erythema. There was striking limitation of range of movement of her wrists and shoulders. There was marked stiffness around both ankle joints, although this appeared to be due to the overlying tissue structure, rather than the joint. Diagnosis was likely scleroderma. However, the skin changes seemed out of proportion with the dramatic loss of range of movement. An MRI of her shoulder girdle revealed dramatic fasciitis involved in the deep fascial planes, just superficial to the muscles. This was marked around the shoulder girdle. Her eosinophil counts gradually climbed. A plausible diagnosis was Eosinophilic Fasciitis/overlap with scleroderma features. This too is unusual in a young child. A muscle biopsy was performed. A full thickness biopsy of her right lateral bicep was taken. This revealed lymphohistiocytic granulomatous inflammation involving the skin, fascia and biceps muscle. The patient was started on high-dose methylprednisolone, for 3 consecutive days, followed by weaning oral prednisolone and subcutaneous methotrexate. Two months later her condition was completely transformed. She had gained full range of movement in all her joints. Her skin quality had greatly improved. She remained on methotrexate weekly. A repeat MRI was organised 8 months after commencing treatment. This revealed a dramatic improvement. She remains on methotrexate alone. Case report - Discussion Myofasciitis is an unusual inflammatory myopathy almost exclusively described within the adult population. Myofasciitis is a distinctive entity, which is different from the usual idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, sarcoid myopathy and fasciitis-panniculitis syndrome. Clinical presentation can be non-specific particularly with the paediatric population. Hypotonia, developmental delay, fatigue, myalgia and muscle weakness have all been reported. Clinical presentation can be apparent in infancy, or slightly later in childhood. In macrophage myofasciitis the muscle biopsy typically reveals a monomorphous infiltration of the connective tissue by sheets of densely packed periodic acid-Schiff positive macrophages. There may be intermingled lymphocytes and muscle fibre damage. A few different associations have been postulated. Intramuscular injections containing aluminium adjunct may be associated with macrophagic myosfasciitis but the underlying process for this remains unclear. The association with autoimmune disease and macrophagic myofasciitis suggests that those from a particular genetic background may be more likely to develop this condition. Genetic predisposition, however, most likely accounts for the variability in the prevalence of macrophagic myofasciitis in different populations. Given the paucity of literature on macrophage myofasciitis in the paediatric population there is no clear consensus for a treatment strategy. On reviewing the literature many children were first treated with high dose IV pulsed methylprednisolone, followed by oral prednisolone, some received IV Immunoglobulin. Case report - Key learning points As with many inflammatory muscle disorders patients are often seen by numerous clinicians prior to arriving at paediatric rheumatology. This may mean a prolonged time period before the patient receives appropriate treatment. Through delivering good education to our colleagues mainly in general paediatrics and general practice hopefully this will continue to improve. This case report highlights the importance of a muscle biopsy for diagnosis. Without tissue the correct diagnosis would not be possible and subsequently the treatment given may not be the most suitable for the patient. The histology for this myofasciitis is rare - in adult practice, but definitely within paediatric practice. Methotrexate is well recognised as a suitable and evidence-based treatment for many inflammatory myopathies. Although this condition is slightly different, it has worked incredibly well for the patient. This highlights that when faced with uncertainty as clinicians it is important to consider what we think theoretically will work for our patients.


is a noncanonical representation, the relation Ht(X̄) ⊂6= Ht(B) holds. From the view point of information theory, this fact is often expressed as X̄ having less information than B. Meanwhile in the collaboration [2, Proposition 2.1], the author has constructed a noncanonical representation X̄ of a given Gaussian process X having the canonical representation (1) such that, for any natural number N and for any linearly independent system g = {g1, g2, . . . , gN} in L2[0, t],


In this paper, a PA (Power Amplifier) used for TD-SCDMA terminal is simulate and measured, and the simulation results are verified by measurement results. Firstly, PHD (Poly-Harmonic Distortion) nonlinear behavioral model, which is referred to as X-parameters, of the PA extracted from Agilent NVNA (Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzer) measurement is imported to Agilent ADS (Agilent Advance Design System) to simulate its performance and distortion under TD-SCDMA signal stimulation, which is referred to as PHD model simulation. Secondly, the TD-SCDMA signal used for PHD model simulation is downloaded into the Agilent E4438C signal generator to be as the input for PA during measurement. Thirdly, the signal output from PA is caught and recorded by Vector Signal Analyzer under control of 89600 vector Signal analyzer software, and the signal recorded is imported to ADS to be analyzed by the same method used in PHD model simulation. At last, results such as output power, available gain, spectrum, ACPR (Adjacent Channel Power Ratio), RMS (Root Mean Square) EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) and signal constellation from PHD model simulation and measurement are compared, and it can be found that the PHD model simulation results agree very well with measurement results. As a result, the simulation method designed in this paper can be used to evaluate PA performance and PA distortion correctly.


Linear filtering and usual nonlinear median filtering are not effective for signal-dependent noise removal. We apply here an approximate decoupling of signal and noise by means of a nonlinear transform. The transform is followed by a linear filter and the corresponding inverse transform. This procedure allows us to mitigate the signal-dependent noise in the images obtained by the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS), 70μm imaging band.


When college teachers' experience of teaching and their experience of the subject matter they are teaching are analysed in terms of parts and wholes, an underlying relational structure is found. Where the teachers' subject matter focus is on wholes (or wholes made up of parts), their teaching approaches are more strongly related to high quality student learning. When the subject matter focus is more on parts (or parts making up wholes) teacher-focused transmission approaches to teaching are more likely. If the scholarship of teaching involves making more visible what teachers do to make learning possible (so that it may become the subject of public discourse and assessment) then an awareness of the relations between subject matter understanding and learning becomes a part of the scholarship of teaching. This essay presents an overview of the research that leads to these conclusions.


Objective To explore and analyse the relative factor's of postoperation for the tongue cancer. Methods Through follow up 267 cases of squamous carcinoma of the tongue who had been surgery between April 1988 to Dec 1995, (mean follow up from 3 to 8 years) Then we analyse these patients record. there 138 men and 129 women whose age ranged from 28 to 76 years with average 54.6. There were 175 patients who had been staged from Ⅲ to Ⅳ (59.9%) and 32 patients of the base of tongue (11.1%). There were 107 patients who had been resected with tongue only and 160 patients who had been resected with tongue with segmental submaxilla and 205 patients who had been restored with flaps. Results (1) Survival rate of the male patients is lower than famale's. (2) Survival rate for carcinoma of the body of tongue after operated 3 to 8 year is higher than that of the base of tongue. (3) The size of the primary lesion is relavant to prognosis of the tongue cancer. (4) The prognosis of patients whose node metastasis was positive is great lower than that whose node metastasis was negative. (5) There was no significant difference in survial rate between carcinoma patients with excision of mandible of mandible and that without excision of mandible. (6) When the tongue was restored with flaps, it was helpful to increase the safety margin, reduce recurence of disease. Conclusion Whatever the nodes of the patients with tongue cancer metastasized or not, radical neck dissection We suggest that early finding, diagnose, treatment and regular follow up be essential to raise survival rate. At the same, it muse be as possible as to preserve the mandible and to repair the tongue with flaps in order to raise patients quality of life.


BMS‐181163 (4‐acetamidophenyl retinoate, previously reported as BMY‐30123), the acetamidophenyl ester of all‐trans‐retinoic acid (tRA), is topically active in various retinoid‐sensitive animal models, but was recently shown to be ineffective for the treatment of acne in patients. To determine whether BMS‐181163 functions as a prodrug of tRA in mice but not in man, the relative rates of ester hydrolysis in mouse and human skin homogenates were determined.


Hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis failure is linked to high maternal viraemia. There is limited North American data on hepatitis B outcomes in pregnancy. Pregnant hepatitis B carriers were enrolled January 2011–December 2014 and offered tenofovir in the 3rd trimester if hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐DNA was >7‐log IU/mL. Outcomes were determined in treated vs untreated patients. In total, 161 women with 169 pregnancies (one twin, 170 infants; median age 32 years), 18% (29/161) HBeAg+ and median HBV‐DNA 2.51 log IU/mL (IQR 1.66–3.65; range 0.8–8.1) were studied. 14.3% (23/161) received tenofovir due to high viral load (16/23, median 74 days, IQR 59–110) or due to liver disease (7/23). In 10/16 treated due to high viraemia, with confirmed adherence, follow‐up HBV‐DNA showed a 5.49 log decline (P = 0.003). In treatment naïve mothers, median alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased from 17 IU/L (IQR 12–24) to 29 (IQR 18–36) post‐partum (P = 1.5e‐7). In seven highly viraemic mothers who declined therapy (HBV‐DNA >8‐log IU/mL); median ALT increased ~3X from baseline (P < 0.01). 26% (44/169) had Caesarean section with no difference in treated vs untreated subjects. No tenofovir‐treated mothers had renal dysfunction. Data were available on 167/170 infants; in 50.8% (85/167) who completed immunoprophylaxis, 98.8% (84/85, including 12 exposed to tenofovir in utero) were HBV immune. One infant born to an HBeAg+ mother with HBV‐DNA >8‐log IU/mL failed immunoprophylaxis. In this prospective Canadian cohort study, most untreated mothers experienced mild HBV flares. Tenofovir in pregnancy is well tolerated and reduces viral load prior to parturition.


Background Influenza vaccination during pregnancy is the primary intervention to protect pregnant women, their fetus and infant from influenza infection. The World Health Organization recommends that countries expanding or initiating influenza immunization programs should consider pregnant women as the highest priority group. However, it is considered to be an expensive public health measure and data on the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine has been lacking and inconsistent. Evidence of the vaccine's effectiveness and safety is critical to the decision making process of governments and policy‐makers, as well as clinicians and pregnant women. Objectives To synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness and safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy for pregnant women, their fetus and infant up to six months of age. Inclusion criteria Types of participants Pregnant women with or without risk factors for complications from influenza infection, their fetus and infants up to the age of 6 months. Types of intervention Inactivated influenza vaccination, irrespective of antigenic configuration or adjuvant, administered via any route and any dose, to pregnant women of any trimester. Types of studies Studies using quantitative research methods were considered for this systematic review. Types of outcomes This systematic review considered studies that reported on the effectiveness of maternal influenza vaccination at reducing the rate and severity of influenza and influenza‐like illness for pregnant women and infants up to six months of age. The review also investigated the safety outcomes for pregnant women and fetus following influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Outcomes for pregnant women included both adverse events and serious adverse events. For the fetus, outcomes included spontaneous abortion, fetal death, premature birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age and congenital malformation. Search strategy An extensive search of the literature was undertaken to find both published and unpublished English language studies between the inception of each database to March 2014. Methodological quality Papers selected for retrieval were assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological validity prior to inclusion in the review. Data collection Data were extracted from included papers using data extraction tools developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data synthesis Data were, where possible, pooled in statistical meta‐analysis. Where statistical pooling was not possible the findings were presented in narrative and table form. Results A total of 46 relevant studies were included in the review following critical appraisal. Birthing and fetal outcomes were included from 23 studies and adverse event outcomes for pregnant women from 28 studies. The effectiveness of maternal influenza vaccination in reducing illness in pregnant women and infants up to six months included outcomes from another 10 studies. Conclusions Influenza vaccine administered during pregnancy is effective and provides a similar reduction in influenza‐like illness as it does for a healthy adult population. Despite this, there is no evidence on the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine at reducing severe illness or hospitalization in pregnant women. Infants of pregnant women vaccinated during their second or third trimester can expect to have reduced rates of influenza and influenza‐related hospitalization, for their first six months of life. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy had no association with adverse outcomes for the fetus including premature birth, small for gestational age, congenital malformation, spontaneous abortion and fetal death.


Abstract George Tollet, the owner of Old Hall Farm, Betley, was a member of the small circle of agricultural 'improvers' in the second half of the eighteenth century, the most famous of whom were Thomas William Coke of Holkham and the Duke of Bedford at Woburn. Tollet was thus aware of national ideas as well as the building traditions of Staffordshire. Old Hall Farm not only illustrates the influence of progressive thinking on farm buildings design, but also demonstrates an owner/architect's readiness to adapt these models to meet local needs and take advantage of local conditions and materials.


Gene-editing technology sounds like it might offer this possibility [6]. By altering an organism's genetic material, or genome, without introducing genes from other species, advocates of genome editing argue [7] the technique can sidestep most of the difficult ethical and regulatory challenges [8] plaguing organisms with added "transgenes," which are genes from other species. Some even argue these "cisgenic" products are natural enough to count as organic [9].


Abstract : The object of the task was to develop a fire starting device which could be used in all environments. Commercially available items and the present standard Army butane lighter all have shortcomings which can render them unserviceable. These particular shortcomings could prove fatal to someone who may find himself in a survival situation. Although numerous approaches were investigated and various prototype fire starters were developed and tested, only one item withstood the in-house testing and did not deteriorate under storage conditions. This item was a commercial wooden safety match manufactured in Australia and distributed by Coghlan's Limited, Winnipeg, Canada.


I am pleased to inform you that, in accordance with decision VIII/29, paragraph 2, the submissions received in response to the above mentioned notification are now available on the Secretariat website at: http://www.biodiv.org/liability/legislations.shtml. I wish to thank those Parties and Governments that provided information and invite others to do likewise to ensure the availability of up-to-date information on current developments in national legislation. Submissions will be welcomed at your earliest convenience and if possible prior to 15 September 2007.


This paper investigates the press's role as a monitor or "watchdog" for accounting fraud. I find that the press fulfills this role by rebroadcasting information from other information intermediaries (analysts, auditors, and lawsuits) and by undertaking original investigation and analysis. Articles based on original analysis provide new information to the markets while those that rebroadcast allegations from other intermediaries do not. Consistent with a dual role for the press, I find that business‐oriented press is more likely to undertake original analysis while nonbusiness periodicals focus primarily on rebroadcasting. I also investigate the determinates of press coverage, finding systematic biases in the types of firms and frauds for which articles are published. In general, the press covers firms and frauds that will be of interest to a broad set of readers and situations that are lower cost to identify and investigate.


The invention relates to an inorganic foaming heat-insulation material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the inorganic foaming heat-insulation material comprises the following steps of mixing 80 to 100 parts of water glass, 0.2 to 5 parts of a foaming agent, 1 to 3 parts of mineral powder, 1 to 3 parts of a water-soluble polymer, 0 to 1 part of emulsion and 0 to 10 parts of hollow glass beads or floating beads at a normal temperature, and carrying out heating foaming of the mixture. The inorganic foaming heat-insulation material has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, small heat conductivity, flame-retardant properties, no toxicity and no pollution. The preparation method adopts the raw materials which are cheap and can be acquired easily, has simple processes, and can realize the preparation of products having different shapes and specifications according to actual requirements. The inorganic foaming heat-insulation material obtained by the preparation method can be widely utilized for equipment and buildings.


Social networks have become the next evolution after e-mail for communicating personal and other information. Human resource personnel are tapping into these sites and using personal information that has been posted in their hiring decisions. Instructors need to make students aware of the privacy issues with their use of social networks, and the potential impact ranging from personal image enhancement to personal image damage from inappropriate postings. This paper reviews what and how some employers use information available via social networking sites, including ethical, personal, security and legal issues associated with using and accessing social networks.


Saccades in hysterical amblyopia and functional amblyopia were recorded and analyzed two-dimensionally using infrared television fundus camera. Patients attempted to fixate monocularly as quickly as possible on light stimuli appearing at various points on the patient's retina. Hysterical amblyopic patients could follow the target displacement as well as normal subjects. Saccadic latencies in hysterical amblyopia show a tendency to decrease compared with those in functional amblyopia, althogh the difference in the latencies between these two groups is not statistically significant.


Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are promising stem cells sources for regenerative medicine, particularly clinical periodontal ligament repair. It is critical to maintain high quality and a large quantity of PDLSCs for clinical usage. However, how PDLSCs respond to environmental stimuli, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate how PDLSCs react to oxidative stress and the underlying mechanisms. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was used to mimic a ROS increase in rat PDLSCs. The expression levels of Creb were detected under oxidative stress to examine the role that Creb serves in PDLSCs under oxidative stress. The present results demonstrated that the expression of Creb was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in response to the H2O2 stimulus. Overexpressing Creb significantly reduced the ROS levels and protein expression levels of apoptotic genes in PDLSCs. The phosphorylation of the ERK pathway is indispensable in the activation of Creb-induced protection. Our results revealed a protective role of Creb in ROS-induced apoptosis, and validated the ERK/Creb/apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 pathway works as an anti-apoptotic signaling in PDLSCs. These findings will facilitate the in vitro culturing of PDLSCs for clinical usage and promote stem cell based therapy for periodontal tissue regeneration.


The work in this article was aimed at the assessment of heat transfer through the system consists of stacked copper substrate, thermal interface material (TIM) and silicon die. Two types of TIMs studied within this paper were based on nano- and micro-sized particles of silver in various content rate of particles. The connection between chip and substrate made by TIM was achieved in sintering process. In order to evaluate the efficiency of heat flow through the samples Parker's method was directly adopted. Results showed that specimens with TIM based on higher amount of silver nano-particles had higher effective diffusivity αeff about 33% than the other ones in which TIM contained 10% less of silver nano-particles in its mixture.


The friction coefficient the graphite used in the Tsinghua University 10MW High Tem- perature Gas-Cooled Reactor was analyzed for various conditions. The variation of the graphite friction coefficient was measured for various sliding velocities, sliding distances, normal loads, en- vironments and temperatures. A scanning elector microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the fric- tion surfaces.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To estimate CNR(carrier-to-noise ratio) with high precision when reception quality is good and to estimate CNR precisely to some extent even when the reception quality is inferior. SOLUTION: A 1st CNR measuring means 104 calculates a 1st CNR value by using the orthogonal vectors of all received symbol data. A 2nd CNR measuring means 105, on the other hand, calculates a 2nd CNR value by using only the orthogonal vectors of only known symbol data of a pilot symbol, etc. A CNR selecting means 106 selects the 1st CNR when the 1st CNR value is larger than some threshold or the 2nd CNR when not, and outputs the selected CNR as a reception quality measurement result.


We call a subalgebra $U$ of a Lie algebra $L$ a $CAP$-subalgebra of $L$ if for any chief factor $H/K$ of $L$, we have $H \cap U = K \cap U$ or $H+U = K+U$. In this paper we investigate some properties of such subalgebras and obtain some characterizations for a finite-dimensional Lie algebra $L$ to be solvable under the assumption that some of its maximal subalgebras or $2$-maximal subalgebras be $CAP$-subalgebras.


I N gender studies, critics frequently postulate a masculine ideal of suave and potent invulnerability and then demonstrate how the male characters in question inevitably fall short of it. Bryce Traister has offered a thorough critique of this tendency in American studies, arguing that the focus on "transcendent" masculinity obscures study of "competent" masculinity-ideas of manliness as they are actually practiced.' Unfortunately, the same tendency can be seen in medieval studies. While invulnerability and easy power may be fantasies for indi vidual men, these daydreams do not reflect the more realistic ideals of manhood expressed in a work such as Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte Darthur. Even the best of Arthur's knights are frequently injured in battle, needing time, help, and protection as they recuperate. Malory does not treat these wounds as failures to achieve a dream of inviolate masculinity; instead, injuries are integral to masculinity as it is prac ticed and celebrated. Wounds not only provide meaning to knightly combats but also educate young knights. They also provide part of the basis for community, as knights errant bond with their healers or return to their companions and courts for healing. Thus, although obviously not desirable in and of themselves, the wounds are necessary for the narrative and part of the chivalric ideal of manhood. To explain adequately the role that wounds play in constructing masculine identities and communities, we must abandon the idea that knighthood depends on "a construct of masculinity as whole and invio


Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a young family of functional materials, have been attracting considerable attention from the chemistry, materials science, and physics communities. In the light of their potential applications in industry and technology, the fundamental mechanical properties of MOFs, which are of critical importance for manufacturing, processing, and performance, need to be addressed and understood. It has been widely accepted that the framework topology, which describes the overall connectivity pattern of the MOF building units, is of vital importance for the mechanical properties. However, recent advances in the area of MOF mechanics reveal that chemistry plays a major role as well. From the viewpoint of materials science, a deep understanding of the influence of chemical effects on MOF mechanics is not only highly desirable for the development of novel functional materials with targeted mechanical response, but also for a better understanding of important properties such as structural flexibility and framework breathing. The present work discusses the intrinsic connection between chemical effects and the mechanical behavior of MOFs through a number of prototypical examples.


One of the important regulators for growth and development of the human body is the endocrine system. The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete hormones into the circulatory system, which are then distributed throughout the body, regulating the function of tissues and maintaining homeostasis. Among these hormones are the insulin-like growth factors (IGF), similar in molecular structure to insulin and playing an important role in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation (LeRoith & Roberts, 2003). A complex network of molecules, including its binding proteins, proteases and receptors, which together comprise the 'IGF system', modulates the biological function of the IGFs. This system comprises the following components (Figure 1): (i) Two peptide hormones, IGF-1 and 2, (ii) type 1 and type 2 IGF receptors, (iii) six IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP; numbered 1-6) and (iv) IGFBP proteases. IGF-1 and -2 are small signalling peptides (~7.5 kDa) that stimulate action by binding to specific cell surface receptors (IGF-1R) evoking subsequent response inside the cell. Six soluble IGF binding proteins, the IGFBPs, which range in size from 22-31 kDa and share overall sequence and structural homology with each other, regulate the activity of the IGFs. IGFBPs bind strongly to IGFs (KD ~ 300-700 pM) to ensure that the majority of circulating IGF in the blood stream is sequestered and at the tissue level inhibit the action of IGFs by blocking their access to the receptors. Proteolysis of the IGFBPs dissociates IGFs from the complex, enabling them to bind and activate the cell surface receptors (Figure 1). In tissues, IGFs form a binary complex with IGFBPs, whereas circulating IGFs are associated in ternary complexes containing IGFBP-3 (and IGFBP-5) and a third protein known as the acid-labile subunit (ALS). The ternary complex has a molecular mass of 150 kDa. The most abundant IGFbinding protein in the circulation is IGFBP-3 followed by IGFBP-2. In recent years, the IGF system in general and IGFBPs in particular have become the focus as clinically important targets of cancer therapeutics (Chan et al., 1998; Harrison et al., 1996; LeRoith & Roberts, 2003; Ma et al., 1999; Rosenzweig & Atreya, 2010; Wu et al., 2004; Yu et al., 1999). Different strategies have been proposed to inhibit cancer growth by blocking IGFI-R binding and function (recently reviewed by (Rosenzweig & Atreya, 2010)). In this regard, the therapeutic potential of the IGFBPs in inhibiting IGF-1/IGF-2 activity and thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth has been demonstrated. Notably, the IGFBPs do not bind insulin and thus do not interfere with insulin-insulin receptor interactions.


In the automotive industry test drives are being conducted during the development of new vehicle models or as a part of quality assurance of series-production vehicles. Modern vehicles have 40 to 80 electronic control units interconnected via the so-called in-vehicle network. The communication on this in-vehicle network is recorded during test drives for the use of fault analysis, which results in big data. This paper proposes to use machine learning to support domain-experts by preventing them from contemplating irrelevant data and rather pointing them to the relevant parts in the recordings. The underlying idea is to learn the normal behaviour from the available multivariate time series and then to autonomously detect unexpected deviations and report them as anomalies. The one-class support vector machine "support vector data description" is enhanced to work on multivariate time series. The approach allows to detect unexpected faults without modelling effort as is shown on recordings from test drives. The proposed methodology could be applicable to multivariate time series from other sources, e.g. industrial plants or network traffic with fixed communication patterns.


With the growth of the national economy,rapid development of China's high-speed railway,high-speed rail construction technology continues to progress,and meets the people's higher demand for line quality,running speed and the amount of transportation,so it is the representative of the advanced technology,and is renowned in the international wide.This article describes the purpose,methods,and observation program and implementation of high-speed railway subgrade to contribute to the development of high-speed railway technology.


INTRODUCTION: Plaster cast models are fundamentals in the diagnosis and treatment planning in Orthodontics. The dental arches can be viewed in three dimensions and the models used as legal documentation for the orthodontist. AIM: Therefore, the object of this paper is to describe the technic of trimming and finishing the models.


Objective To explore the status of catheter related infections in surgical patients of ICU,and to analyze its risk factors.Methods Using targeted monitoring method,the status of catheter related infections in all hospitalized patients from July 2009 to February 2010 was investigated and analyzed.Results Among 121 hospitalized patients in surgical ICU,nosocomial infection occurred in 19 cases with the nosocomial infection rate of 15.70%.The ventilator,arteriovenous intubation,placing a urinary catheter related infections accounted for 66.67‰,8.70‰,48.63‰,respectively.The use of breathing machines,arteriovenous intubation and urinary catheterization were important risk factors(P0.05).Conclusion Surgical ICU has high incidence rate of nosocomial infections,which is related to the application of various catheters in ICU.The management of various invasive catheters should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection in ICU.


Monoclinic (m-) and tetragonal (t-) LaVO4:Eu(superscript 3+) crystals have been selectively synthesized via a facile precipitation ethod under different pH values in the absence of any additives. The as-prepared products were characterized by XRD, SEM and PL, and their properties were compared with the samples synthesized by hydrothermal method. It was found that the samples excited by 280 nm UV lights showed characteristic narrow red emissions with the peak at about 600~620 nm, the photoluminescent property of t-LaVO4:Eu(superscript 3+) was superior to m-LaVO4:Eu(superscript 3+), and the pH value was crucial to determine the crystal structure. t-LaVO4:Eu(superscript 3+) samples could be obtained in the pH range of 6 to 9 by both precipitation and hydrothermal method, the product obtained at pH 7 exhibited the highest photoluminescent intensity. The morphology also played an important role in its photoluminescent property, the submicronmeter t-LaVO4:Eu(superscript 3+) samples prepared by precipitation exhibited regular morphologies. The photoluminescent intensity can be improved by prolonging the aging time; the photoluminescent intensity of the precipitation sample aging for 12h at room temperature was comparable with the hydrothermal sample prepared at 180℃ for 2h. The dosage of Eu(superscript 3+) was als an important factor that influenced the photoluminescent property greatly, the appropriate of Eu(superscript 3+) was 5% molar ratio. t-LaVO4:Eu(superscript 3+) showed good thermodynamic stability below 600℃, the photoluminescent intensity didn't decrease after calcined.


A 5-year-old girl presented for evaluation of a right orbital mass displacing the globe superiorly. She had a 5-week history of swelling around her right eye. Her medical history and ocular history were unremarkable. She was adopted at the age of 7 months, and there was no known history of prenatal or perinatal problems. She was home-schooled and enjoyed playing outdoors. She had no preceding illness or trauma and no known contact with anyone ill. Her pediatrician diagnosed a blocked tear duct and referred her to an ophthalmologist. She failed empiric treatment for orbital cellulitis and was subsequently referred to an orbital surgeon. Computed tomography (CT) of the orbits was performed.


The framework of data warehouse management mechanism is shown and the function of each section is analyzed,furthermore,technical problems may be encountered and tactics to be employed operation are also studied.


Metronidazole is a commonly used drug for treating anaerobic infections and inammatory bowel disease such as crohn`s and ulcerative colitis. When used for longer periods in high doses, metronidazole can cause cerebellar featuring symptoms, seizures and encephalopathy. Neurological features are apparent when the dosage exceeds 2 gm/day for prolonged periods. We present a case report of a young male diagnosed with ameobic liver abscess, treated with high dose of oral metronidazole (2.4gm/ day for one month). He presented with cerebellar symptoms suggestive of metronidazole toxicity. MRI Brain revealed symmetrical hyperintense lesions in the dentate nuclei consistent with metronidazole induced encephalopathy. Metronidazole was stopped and patient subsequently improved and was asymptomatic within a week.


The participation of children in the Rwandan conflict is well-documented: children were involved in the whole range of acts committed in the course of the genocide. After the genocide, thousands of people were detained following mass arrests across Rwanda, and minors were amongst those arrested. Genocide trials by the formal courts began in 1996 but the majority of genocide suspects were dealt with by the Gacaca courts. Whilst much has been written on these post-conflict judicial mechanisms in Rwanda, there has been very little analysis of the legal and programmatic approach to young genocidaires. Based on an analysis of primary and secondary sources (including domestic legislation and case law) and drawing on the results of empirical research conducted in Rwanda in 2013, this paper provides a comprehensive account of how young perpetrators were dealt with in Rwanda both in law and practice. It seeks to determine whether children were held accountable, whether they were given differential treatment on grounds of their age and if so, what the relevant age thresholds were. These questions are explored in the context of arrests and detentions, the criminal justice mechanisms (both formal courts and Gacaca jurisdictions) and the administrative measures taken to address genocidal acts.


The formation of the active spliceosome, its recruitment to active areas of transcription, and its role in pre-mRNA splicing depends on the association of a number of multifunctional serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins. ZNF265 is an arginine/serine-rich (RS) domain containing zinc finger protein with conserved pre-mRNA splicing protein motifs. Here we show that ZNF265 immunoprecipitates from splicing extracts in association with mRNA, and that it is able to alter splicing patterns of Tra2-β1 transcripts in a dose-dependent manner in HEK 293 cells. Yeast two-hybrid analysis and immunoprecipitation indicated interaction of ZNF265 with the essential splicing factor proteins U1-70K and U2AF35. Confocal microscopy demonstrated colocalization of ZNF265 with the motor neuron gene product SMN, the snRNP protein U1-70K, the SR protein SC35, and with the transcriptosomal components p300 and YY1. Transfection of HT-1080 cells with ZNF265–EGFP fusion constructs showed that nuclear localization of ZNF265 required the RS domain. Alignment with other RS domain–containing proteins revealed a high degree of SR dipeptide conservation. These data show that ZNF265 functions as a novel component of the mRNA processing machinery.


LAST SUMMER, THE SEMICONDUCTOR industry reached a significant milestone: one of the world's top-tier fabs had begun production of the first 3D NAND chip with more than 200 layers. The announcement was significant but not a shock. Several other fabs had been progressing toward breaking the 200-layer barrier, so reaching the milestone was not a matter of if but when. As significant as this advance is, the high-volume manufacturing challenges of producing high-aspect ratio (HAR) 3D NAND chips are considerable. One challenge is the ability to measure the tungsten (W) recess to the bottom of a 3D NAND device following the replacement gate process. Presently, there is no in-line process control solution that can accomplish this. The reason for this is known: beyond just a few layers in the stack, the W recess becomes opaque in the ultraviolet/visible/ near-infrared region, the realm of many OCD systems, after just a few layers in the HAR stack. Additionally, increased wordline slit pitch scaling further reduces the already minimal optical signal from the top of the 3D NAND structure to the bottom. Both of these matters present a challenge for manufacturers because the ability to measure the W recess is critical. Under-etching the W gates in the recess will cause wordlines to short, while over-etching the W gates could damage cells adjacent to the wordline slit or cause a short from the wordline to the source line. Fortunately, a new technique can overcome these W recess challenges in HAR 3D NAND devices. By using finite-difference timedomain (FDTD) and optical critical dimension (OCD) simulations, we were able to determine that a specially designed, design rule-compliant ellipsometry target enables mid-infrared (IR) light to penetrate through metal oxide pairs to reach the bottom of the W recess, thus enabling the measurement of the Z-profile of the W recess. Equally as important for the future of HAR devices, this data demonstrates that mid-IR light can overcome the challenge of reaching the bottom of a W recess in a 3D NAND chip with more than 200 layers, a step that might be significant in the proliferation of these devices. But before we discuss this new technique, we need to better understand plasmonics.


We demonstrate direct measurements of the absolute molecular two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-sections using a fluorescence technique. A theoretical model of the detected fluorescence signal generated by a femtosecond laser pulse was developed. It is shown that the onset of excited-state saturation depends on the TPA cross-section and the local intensity but is independent of the detection efficiency and the quantum yield. Taking advantage of this, we develop a technique to measure the TPA cross-section that only requires precise knowledge of the space-time profile and the pulse energy of the exciting femtosecond laser beam and of the spatial profile of the observation beam. The exciting beam is generated in the focus of a microscope objective using a hollow core photonic fiber as a spatial filter, whereas the observation is done confocally through a conventional single-mode fiber. An in-house built profiling tool is used for the diagnosis of the tightly focused, highly divergent beams. The method was used with Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine B dissolved in methanol and excited at 806nm; TPA cross-sections of σ2R6g=16.0±3.0GM and σ2RB=17.9±3.0GM, respectively, were measured.


According to the company, the device permits upgrading existing asynchronous systems to higher data rates, reduces data transmission errors and downtime because of the better transmission capabilities, and takes advantage of the more reliable nature of synchronous data modems. The microprocessorbased design includes ARQ error-correction to prevent the display or printing of data that have been incorrectly received over the communications link.


Stem-cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have demonstrated multiple beneficial effects in preclinical models of cardiac diseases. However, poor retention at the target site may limit their therapeutic efficacy. Cardiac extracellular matrix hydrogels (cECMH) seem promising as drug-delivery materials and could improve the retention of EVs, but may be limited by their long gelation time and soft mechanical properties. Our objective was to develop and characterize an optimized product combining cECMH, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and EVs (EVs–PEG–cECMH) in an attempt to overcome their individual limitations: long gelation time of the cECMH and poor retention of the EVs. The new combined product presented improved physicochemical properties (60% reduction in half gelation time, p < 0.001, and threefold increase in storage modulus, p < 0.01, vs. cECMH alone), while preserving injectability and biodegradability. It also maintained in vitro bioactivity of its individual components (55% reduction in cellular senescence vs. serum-free medium, p < 0.001, similar to EVs and cECMH alone) and increased on-site retention in vivo (fourfold increase vs. EVs alone, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the combination of EVs–PEG–cECMH is a potential multipronged product with improved gelation time and mechanical properties, increased on-site retention, and maintained bioactivity that, all together, may translate into boosted therapeutic efficacy.


Plasma application for environmental pollution control is desirable, and it is important to clarify the chemical reaction processes in nonthermal plasma. In this study, the discharge polarity dependence of the density and rotational temperature of OH radicals is measured by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in coaxial-cylinder pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in atmospheric pressure humid air. The density of OH radicals generated by a pulsed positive DBD of +28 kV is estimated to be in the range of 6–10 × 1014 cm−3 at 3 µs after discharge near the central electrode. The rotational temperature rises after the discharge and the rate of temperature rise increases with humidity. In negative discharge, the decay rate of OH density, which directly depends on the initial OH density, is lower than that in positive discharge. The OH amounts contained in the observed area are almost the same in positive and negative discharges. These results indicate that the negative streamer diameter is twice the positive streamer diameter and the OH density in negative DBD is a quarter of that in positive discharge. In the chemical treatments using OH radicals, negative streamer DBD is supposed to be superior to positive streamer DBD from the perspective of ineffective loss. The temperature behavior in negative discharge is similar to that in positive discharge.


There were 75% and 100% of survival rates in wild and cultured Takifugu obscurus broodstock post-spawning by low water temperature, preventing from infection and nutritional feed.


Fenfluramine has been reported by several authors to reduce appetite in laboratory animals and in man in doses which do not influence the cardiovascular system (Franko, Houkomp & Ward, 1965; Le Douarec, Schmitt & Laubie, 1966; Colmore & Moore, 1966). S 992, a derivative of fenfluramine with the chemical structure I, elicits an anorexic activity of the same potency as that of fenfluramine, while the stimulant activity on the central nervous system is even less than that of fenfluramine (Le Douarec, personal communication). In a previous paper, fenfluramine was shown to decrease the toxicity of amphetamine in grouped mice while S 992 failed to show any protection in the same experimental conditions (Jespersen & Bonaccorsi, 1969). Because of the suggested interference between amphetamine and fenfluramine at the level of the receptor sites, we have studied the interaction in an isolated preparation, which is more suitable for the evaluation of this drug antagonism.


The isotope effect for 22Na/24Na diffusion was used to investigate the sodium ion transport mechanism in mixed Na-K silicate glasses. A combined vacancy-interstitialcy mechanism provided the best agreement with the experimental 22Na/24Na isotope effect data. At low temperatures sodium diffusion occurs predominantly by 2-atom interstitialcy jumps, but with increasing temperature an increasing fraction of the ions diffuse by a single-atom vacancy mechanism.


Water, as portrayed in Goubert's study, strikes me as a quintessential Latourian non-human actor, which was "conquered" and transformed by architects, town planners, engineers, hygienists, physicians, and chemists, but which also made its own "conquest", dramatically changing the scientific and cultural landscape of nineteenth-and twentieth-century France. Thus, Goubert argues that a cultural and scientific revolution reconceptualized water and its uses, and water-objectified, democratized, medicalized, industrialized, and commercialized-changed people's lifestyles and ways of thinking. Water and its promoters brought about a revolution in mentalites, and the environment underwent profound changes with the new sociosanitary infrastructure of post-Pasteurian, Third Republic France. This innovative and imaginative book, amply illustrated with marvellous examples of "water culture", will be welcomed by historians of medicine and public health and historians of modern France who seek novel, interdisciplinary ways to study health and disease in history. As an excellent example of histoire des mentalites, Goubert's work joins studies in the same genre such as Alain Corbin's Le Miasme et la jonquille: L'odorat et l'imaginaire social (1982), Georges Vigarello's Le Propre et le sale. L'hygiene du corps depuis le Moyen Age (1985), and Guy Thuillier's Pour une histoire du quotidien au XIXe siecle en Nivernais (1977) in enriching our understanding of sociocultural history: habits, attitudes, prejudices, and values and their relationship to health and disease. This collection illustrates the difficulties intellectual historians can face in examining unorthodox science. Several of these studies of sectarian science in nineteenth-century America look closely at prominent sectarian thinkers. Arthur Wrobel's fine analysis, for example, convincingly explains why many intellectuals were drawn to phrenology as a mirror of political and religious impulses in American life. In an essay full of insight, Robert W. Delp traces the complex relationship between sectarian science, popular audiences, and middle-class intellectuals, showing that the advocates of spiritualism who turned to the popular lecture circuit were attacked by such intellectuals as the philosopher and lecturer Andrew Jackson Davis for offering the public entertainment rather than enlightenment. Despite a professed interest in the popular appeal of sectarian science, however, this collection seldom looks hard at the public mind and behaviour, which have attracted sophisticated attention in recent historiography. Marshall Scott Legan's outline of the familiar story of hydropathy misses the voices of patients and advocates, especially women, whom Susan Cayleff and Jane Donegan have shown played a critical part in promoting this medical alternative. Harold Aspiz's study of sexual reformers …


Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms are spreading widely and becoming an issue of utmost importance to deal with. In the current study, ten urine samples from diabetic patients suffering from multiple complications, including urinary tract infection (UTI) and nephropathy were investigated. Antibiogram assays of the bacterial isolates from collected samples demonstrated resistance against most of the antibiotics tested. Further studies were conducted to determine the types of resistant bacteria that caused UTI. Analyzing the 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic tree, 3 isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, 5 as Klebsiella pneumoniae and the rest 2 as Enterobacter asburiae. The findings of this research indicate the necessity of urgent attention to find an effective alternative drug for treating infections caused by these resistant isolates.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 87-93, 2021 (June)


Herbs are inadvertently regarded safe and harmless because of their natural origin and the experience of long-term use as a folk medicine. However, some herbal medicines are associated with toxicities in the organs such as liver, kidney, skin, or heart. Norpal cactus extract is a kind of herbs which is used for ordinary food in Mexico, and has effects on hypergylcemia and hypercholesterolemia, and inflammation. There has been no particular reports of drug-induced vasculitis by herbal medicine. Here, we present a case of vasculitis that was initially manifestated as acute diarrhea and abdominal pain after ingestion of Norpal cactus extract. (Intest Res 2005;3:85-89)


To assist radiologists and physicians in diagnosing, and in treatment planning and evaluating in liver oncology, we have developed a fast and accurate segmentation of the liver and its lesions within CT-scan exams. The first step of our method is to reduce spatial resolution of CT images. This will have two effects: obtain near isotropic 3D data space and drastically decrease computational time for further processing. On a second step a 3D non-linear `edge- preserving' smoothing filtering is performed throughout the entire exam. On a third step the 3D regions coming out from the second step are homogeneous enough to allow a quite simple segmentation process, based on morphological operations, under supervisor control, ending up with accurate 3D regions of interest (ROI) of the liver and all the hepatic tumors. On a fourth step the ROIs are eventually set back into the original images, features like volume and location are immediately computed and displayed. The segmentation we get is as precise as a manual one but is much faster.


One of the key words for understanding the latest issue in bioethics is pluripotent stem cell research, which is being discussed intensely in congresses and committees around the world. This is because such research is expected to lead to the development of medical treatment of incurable diseases. At the same time, however, this research cannot be divorced from ethical problems since it requires the destruction of eggs or fertilized eggs. Thus, lively debates have been held over which should be more respected, freedom of research or human dignity. In this paper, I attempt to introduce and classify some of the current debates over human embryo research based on arguments including extensional strategy, intensional strategy, and tutiorism. Finally, I also attempt to critically clarify the concept of human dignity as the constitutional and restrictive (regulative) principle of bioethics.


Thank you very much for reading why nations fail the origins of power prosperity and poverty. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite novels like this why nations fail the origins of power prosperity and poverty, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their laptop.


Although sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is common, studies assessing the anesthetic management of these patients are rare and consist mainly of case studies. We performed a retrospective case-control study to determine the incidence of difficult intubation in SAS patients and to determine the relationship between the severity of SAS and the occurrence of difficult intubation. Among 113 patients included (36 and 77 in the SAS and control groups, respectively), difficult intubation occurred more often in SAS patients than in controls (21.9% versus 2.6%, respectively;P < 0.05). No relationship was found between the severity of SAS and the occurrence of difficult intubation. Disappointingly, no single factor was associated with the occurrence of difficult intubation in SAS patients. We conclude that SAS is a risk factor for difficult intubation.


Benchmarking recommender system and matrix completion algorithms could be greatly simplified if the entire matrix was known. We built a \url{sweetrs.org} platform with $77$ candies and sweets to rank. Over $2000$ users submitted over $44000$ grades resulting in a matrix with $28\%$ coverage. In this report, we give the full description of the environment and we benchmark the \textsc{Soft-Impute} algorithm on the dataset.


Abstract In the Simmons-Smith reaction, 1,3-dienes are preferentially cyclopropanated at the more electron-rich double bond to afford the trans-vinylcyclopropane; an allylic hydroxyl group increases the reactivity and directs the cyclopropanation to the adjacent double bond. +Part of the results was presented at the XVIth International Conference on Organometallic Chemistry, Brighton, July 1994, abstract P228.


In his 1982 book Wittgenstein On Rules and Private Language, Saul Kripke maintains that Wittgensteins rule following considerations land us with a skeptical argument about meaning. This essay contains a short exposition of Kripkes argument. In addition, I hold, both on textual grounds and by an appeal to some select secondary literature, that Wittgenstein offered no such skeptical argument in the Philosophical Investigations. Although Wittgenstein certainly repudiates a view of meaning based on temporally located mental states, it does not follow that there can be no meaning-grounding facts of other sorts. Although it is true that mental states, viewed atomistically, offer no sure foundation for meaning, I argue that it need not follow, pace Kripke, that no facts about an individuals past mental life can ever make it clear that he meant 'plus' rather than 'quus' while performing any addition. For the individuals past mental life is indeed relevant to meaning when considered in its unfolding in time. The essay further contains explorations on the very nature of the practice of following a rule and ends with a discussion of the solitary rule follower.


Vertical Root Fracture (VRF) is one of the most common problems facing endodontically treated teeth. The greatest incidence of VRF occurs in teeth that have undergone endodontic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodonticall y treated roots using two instrumentation techniques either rotary with ProTaper system or hand instrumentation with k-files and obturated with different obturation techniques: Gutta- percha with ZOE. sealer, Gutta-percha with AH-26 sealer or Resilon cones with Real-Seal sealer. Materials and Methodology: Ninety root samples were sectioned, from natural mandibular premolar teeth freshly extracted for various reasons and stored in sterile water, to a length of 14 mm, then the samples were randomly divided into 9 groups with ten roots for each group. Group I: Uninstrumented-unfilled roots, (control group) Group II: Hand instrumentation-GP+Z.O.E. sealer obturation. Group III: Hand instrumentation-GP+AH-26 sealer. Group IV: Hand instrumentation-Resilon+Real-Seal sealer. Group V: Hand instrumentation-No obturation. Group VI: Rotary instrumentation-GP+Z.O.E. sealer. Group VII: Rotary instrumentation-GP+AH-26 sealer. Group VIII: Rotary instrumentation-Resilon+Real-Seal sealer. Group IX: Rotary instrumentation-No obturation. The samples were incubated in 37 c and 100% humidity for 7 days, and then they were subjected to the mechanical test in a universal testing machine and the maximum load at the fracture point for each sample was recorded. Results: Descriptive statistics showed higher means of fracture loads for Resilon groups and student t-test showed a significant difference between Resilon group over other experimental groups for rotary instrumented roots, for hand instrumented roots there was no significant difference between different obturation techniques. Rotary ProTaper instrumented roots were significantly less than hand instrumented roots in resistance to fracture. Conclusion: Rotary instrumentation with ProTaper instruments significantly decreased fracture resistance of teeth and Resilon system significantly increased resistance to fracture more than other obturation materials used in this study.


Recently Papageorgiou and Woźniakowski proved that quantum computers could achieve exponential speedups compared to classical computers for certain potentials. Papageorgiou's and Woźniakowski's method uses the (discretized) unitary propagator exp(iLq) as a query; here Lq is the differential operator for the Sturm–Liouville problem. If the operator exp(ipLq) (a "power query") is computable in cost comparable to exp(iLq) for any integer p, one can solve the Sturm-Liouville problem with O(log −1) power queries. In this paper we will prove a matching lower bound of Ω(log −1) power queries, therefore showing that Θ(log −1) power queries are sufficient and necessary. Our proof is based on a frequency analysis technique, which examines the probability distribution of the final state of a quantum algorithm and the dependence of its Fourier transform on the input. This method was first used to give a lower bound for the number of power queries in the phase estimation problem on quantum computers.


The aim of this study was to recognize the construct of the body image in the young's discourse and to relate them it the national researches. For that an explorer cross-section study was carried out with adolescents of a private school in SP, ABC Paulista. Semi-structured interview were applied using The Discourse of the Collective Subject' technique based in the Social Representation' concept. Data were tabulated using three methodological approaches: central idea; key expressions and discourse of the collective subjective. Discourses of 121 adolescents was evaluated, 200 key expressions was grouped in six central idea: 1) affective aspect (31.5%); 2) cognitive aspect (29.5%); 3) descriptive aspect (20.5%); 4) normal (9.0%); 5) behavior aspect (8.5%) and 6) depends on the situation (1.0%). The study concluded by the Discourse of the Collective Subject that the body image construct seemed to be multidimensional, presenting itself of form balanced between the aspects affective, cognitive and descriptive. In researches involving the construct "body image" is necessary to have clearly which the aspect will be evaluate for then choose the best instrument.


Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes that protect chromosome integrity. Telomere length is a biological marker of aging;


Experiencing the World's Cities of the problem of providing services and especially the problem of water supply, which is a global phenomenon increasingly severe in dry areas and cities far from the river as the water is the most important resources needed by humans as life itself. Came this study to assess the quantity of drinking water processed for the city of Ramadi, where equip the city with water from the Euphrates River by water project Ramadi, the great, which is located on the river directly. and convey the water after the liquidation process, purification through three pipes boss tanker water, and then branching out into the city. The researcher method of field of study as well as sources and references to obtain information and data processing service the subject of drinking water for the city of Ramadi, The research is divided into four themes dealt with the first axis the concept of evaluating the efficiency of performance and take the second axis, land uses and human factors affecting the distribution and consumption of water and take the third axis processing drinking water and its


e13013 Background: Cancer chemotherapy has risk of severe infection due to neutropenia. Indication of antibiotics tends to expand. Meanwhile, abuse of antibiotics encourages the growth of organisms resistant. This study was undertaken to analyze the fever during cancer chemotherapy to reduce unnecessary uses of antibiotics.

METHODS
Retrospectively, 1,016 cycles of patients who have treated with cancer chemotherapy in Division of Respiratory Diseases, Kawasaki Medical School and Nagasaki Municipal Hospital were analyzed. The temperature equal or more than 37.5 degree were detected as fever. One chemotherapy cycle of one patient was counted as one.

RESULTS
Patients characteristics: male/female = 748/268, median age (range) = 68 (29-88), lung cancer / malignant pleural mesothelioma / others = 949/52/15. Fever observed in 367 cycles (36%), 280 cycles (37%) in male, 87 cycles (32%) in female. Day 4 (8%), day 3 (7%) and day 12 (7%) were frequently observed days and two peaks were made by on days 3-4 and days 10-14. Fever on days 3 or 4 were observed in patients treated with erlotinib (29%), gemcitabine (19%), irinotecan (19%), docetaxel (18%), nedaplatin (13%), carboplatin (11%), and gefitinib (11%). The cause of fever was infection(45%) including neutropenic fever (23%), drug fever (25%), unknown (16%), tumor fever (7%).

CONCLUSIONS
Fever on days 3 or 4 during cancer chemotherapy observed most frequently, and the frequency is differ between the chemotherapy agents. This fever seems to be watch as drug fever without use of antibiotics.


Data warehouses have been developed to answer the increasing demands of quality information required by the top managers and economic analysts of organizations. Their importance in now a day business area is unanimous recognized, being the foundation for developing business intelligence systems. Data warehouses offer support for decision-making process, allowing complex analyses which cannot be properly achieved from operational systems. This paper presents the ways in which a data warehouse may be developed and the stages of building it.


CHARGE syndrome is a rare association of             hereditary multisystem disorder presenting with ocular              coloboma,cardiac anomalies,choanal atresia,retarded growth and development,genital anomalies and ear anomalies. Here we present a case report of CHARGE syndrome in a 2 days old baby.


This Work Plan/Site Safety and Health Plan (SSHP) and the attached work plan are for the performance of the colloid sampling project at WAG 5. The work will be conducted by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Environmental Sciences Division (ESD) and associated ORNL environmental, safety, and health support groups. This activity will fall under the scope of 29 CFR 1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER). The purpose of this document is to establish health and safety guidelines to be followed by all personnel involved in conducting work for this project. Work will be conducted in accordance with requirements as stipulated in the ORNL HAZWOPER Program manual, and applicable ORNL, Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., and US Department of Energy (DOE) policies and procedures.


High mobility is a crucial requirement for a large variety of electronic device applications. The state of the art for high-quality graphene devices is based on heterostructures made with graphene encapsulated in >40 nm-thick flakes of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Unfortunately, scaling up multilayer hBN while precisely controlling the number of layers remains an outstanding challenge, resulting in a rough material unable to enhance the mobility of graphene. This leads to the pursuit of alternative, scalable materials, which can be used as substrates and encapsulants for graphene. Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a transition metal dichalcogenide, which was grown in large (∼mm-size) multi-layers by chemical vapor deposition. However, the resistance vs gate voltage characteristics when gating graphene through WS2 exhibit largely hysteretic shifts of the charge neutrality point on the order of Δn∼ 3 × 1011 cm−2, hindering the use of WS2 as a reliable encapsulant. The hysteresis originates due to the charge traps from sulfur vacancies present in WS2. In this work, we report the use of WS2 as a substrate and overcome the hysteresis issues by chemically treating WS2 with a super-acid, which passivates these vacancies and strips the surface from contaminants. The hysteresis is significantly reduced by about two orders of magnitude, down to values as low as Δn∼ 2 × 109 cm−2, while the room-temperature mobility of WS2-encapsulated graphene is as high as ∼62 × 103 cm2 V−1 s−1 at a carrier density of n ∼ 1 ×1012 cm−2. Our results promote WS2 as a valid alternative to hBN as an encapsulant for high-performance graphene devices.


Experiments directed toward the determination of free-radical propagation rate coefficients kp from pulsed laser initiated polymerizations (PLP) in conjunction with size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) were modeled using the program PREDICI. The simulations were carried out in order to investigate whether an experimentally observed variation of kp with the initiating laser pulse repetition rate is necessarily due to a chain-length dependence of kp. The modeling was performed for laser pulse repetition rates ranging from 0.5 to 50 Hz and primary radical concentrations being varied by more than 2 orders of magnitude. The resulting molecular weight distributions were very different in shape. The kp data derived from the simulated molecular weight distributions showed a variation of about 30% with chain lengths, although the same propagation rate coefficient was introduced into all the simulations. The experimental finding of kp being dependent on chain length induced by using different laser pulse repetition ...


Background: An important bacterial meningitis causative organism, Neisseria meningitidis, has a high burden of morbidity and mortality in the African meningitis belt. Identifying meningococcal serotypes circulating in the region is also mandatory for appropriate vaccine introduction. Objective: To investigate and confirm the meningitis outbreak causative agents in Gambela region, Ethiopia. Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from Gambela refugee camp were sent to the national microbiology laboratory (Ethiopian Public Health Institute) for etiological culture and sensitivity plus serotype identification. Specimens were cultured on Blood agar and Chocolate agar then further serotyping was done by real time PCR. Multilocus sequence typing was done at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo Norway. Result: Eight specimen were processed and out of these, six of them were positive for N.meningitidis serotype C, one Hib and one pneumococcus were identified. Genomic sequence of N.meningitidis serotype C showed that the strain was ST-11592, belonging to the ST-103 clonal complex, with PorA: P1.5-1, 10-4, which is similar with isolates from Arbaminch carriage study in 2014. But it was different from strain responsible for the outbreaks in Niger and Nigeria with ST10217 in 2015. Conclusion: N.meningitides serotype C is newly emerging outbreak causing pathogen in Ethiopia which requires vaccine together with the existing ones.


The detailed analysis of the synthesis of CdS:Mn nanoparticles in polyvinyl alcohol polymeric matrix is presented and the ranges of optimal growth parameters are determined. The estimated values of parameters were used to produce solutions of CdS:Mn nanoparticles and corresponding solid composites. The sizes of nanoparticles and structure of composite films were characterized by electron microscopy methods, optical properties were probed using photoluminescence methods.


Spin torque driven excitations in spin valves and tunnel junctions are often investigated for a two magnetic layer system for which a polarizer (fixed magnetization) and a free layer can be distinguished. In the search for improved microwave properties and to understand the role of different coupling mechanisms between the magnetic layers, here, the excitation spectrum of an exchange coupled two layer synthetic ferrimagnet (SyF) system is investigated numerically with spin momentum transfer acting on both layers simultaneously. This self-polarised two layer system does not contain an external polarizer, and excitation of coupled modes arises due to the mutual spin transfer torque and the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interlayer exchange coupling. The current-field state diagrams of static and dynamic states are reported as a function of the interlayer exchange coupling strength. The numerically determined critical boundaries are well reproduced by an analytical stability analysis. The dynamic steady state...


The purpose of this study is to find out "the characteristic and context of city forms" through the formative process of a city. And more, the study performs to understand some problems which came up in the formative process, then certifies the causes which will advise urban development in the future. Suwon, to exercise, is chosen for the study because of history and rapid urban sprawl. The results of this study are as follows. As years go, the surrounding areas have been gradually ruined, the small surroundings, inner Suwon, are badly ruined. Urban sprawl was boomed by Land readjustment project and Housing site development of industrializing and urbanizing in the inner city in 1970's. The causes of problem in the urban formative process are as follows. I. Traditional urban form has been damaged. The cause was General plan does not have the conservative development method and certain concept of the traditional urban form but pursues wide construct development. 2. The natural environment has been damaged by the rapid urban sprawl. The cause is that the housing site plan is performed outside of urban plan area, and urban development is even supported by the current law. On the conclusion, context of traditional urban form can be succeeded to the next generation when the urban regulation has been revised. Especially General plan need to identify the main role and provide the reasonable urban development.


The family Iravadiidae is found to be polyphyletic in a molecular phylogenetic analysis using a subset of Australian taxa. Taxa previously assigned to Iravadia form a monophyletic clade, but Nozeba topaziaca clusters with Auricorona queenslandica n. gen. and n. sp. in an unnamed family related to Tornidae. Aenigmula criscionei n. gen. and n. sp., an iravadiid-like species from the Northern Territory, belongs to another unnamed family related to Caecidae, Calopiidae and Clenchiellidae. A systematic revision of some Australian 'iravadiids' raises the subgenera Fluviocingula and Pseudomerelina to full generic rank and reinstates two former synonyms of Iravadia (Fairbankia), Pellamora and Wakauraia, as genera. The species formerly identified in Australia as Iravadia quadrasi is recognised as three allopatric species; Iravadia pilbara n. sp. and the reinstated species Iravadia goliath and Iravadia quadrina. Pellamora splendida n. sp., from Western Australia, is recognised as distinct from Pellamora australis, and Fluviocingula superficialis n. sp. from Fluviocingula resima. Wakauraia fukudai n. sp. is recorded from central Queensland. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1B9917F6-48B2-4597-85C1-F90BA9093475


Sound attenuation peaks around 1 K have been measured at 10, 30 and 50 MHz in 3He–4He mixtures of the 3He concentration x3=0.013, 0.029 and 0.050 under the saturated vapor pressure. The relaxation time related to the interaction between phonons and 3He quasiparticles has been determined experimentally, and its temperature and 3He concentration dependences agree with the theory of Khalatnikov and Zharkov.


In June 1961 the writers gave three weeks to exploring the country in the neighbourhood of Alânya, the ancient Coracesium, and Gazipaşa, formerly Selinti, the ancient Selinus. This region proved to be rewarding; and we hope to pursue our investigations both there and to the east of Anamur in future years—the more so since our predecessors have been few and often hampered by the difficulties of the terrain. Some indeed, like Beaufort, travelled almost exclusively by sea; others found themselves detained by the archaeological richness of the Olba–Lamos area, and then, like Sterrett and Theodore Bent, diverted up the Calycadnus gorge into the hinterland of Isauria. Explorers of the coastlands between Manavgat and Silifke are in effect reduced to Heberdey and Wilhelm (quoted hereafter as HW) in 1892, Paribeni and Romanelli in 1913, Wilhelm and Keil in 1914. To those familiar with this country it is revealing to learn that Wilhelm's visits—for example to Sinekkalesi and Syedra, extensive sites, heavily scrub-covered—were often brief affairs; that his exploration of Seleucia above Side and indeed of all the coast lying immediately to the east of the Melas river was cut short by repeated thunder-storms.


There is limited data to inform minimum case requirements for training in robotically assisted coronary artery bypass grafting (RA‐CABG). Current recommendations rely on nonclinical endpoints and expert opinion.


In this era of information and communication technology (ICT), efficient and cost effective public services delivery had become highly expected by the citizen in every country. In developed countries, digitally enabled public services were established in recent years while the developing countries like Bangladesh were trying to establish this advancement. The UNDP, USAID and the Government of Bangladesh launched the Access to Information (A2I) programme to improve the services delivery to reach at the doorsteps of citizen. Under this umbrella, Union Digital Centers (UDCs) were launched in 2009 at every Union of Bangladesh to reduce the "Digital Divide" in public service delivery. Thus, it had become the concern nowadays to make this initiative sustainable for a long run, this study focused to find out some key factor to be considered for making them sustainable in Bangladesh. It explored the previous researches related to these centers and same categories of institutions in other countries where the researchers argued about some issues in different aspects. Based on their findings and discussions, this study tried to analyze the key issues influencing the sustainability factors. To analyze the factors for sustainability, it addressed the financial, investment, business development and publicity, competencies of entrepreneurs, community acceptance and gender issues, institutionalization and physical infrastructure concerned with UDCs. The Government agencies, policy makers, researchers could be consider those recommendations for developing the strategies for sustaining the operations of UDCs in Bangladesh.


Linear subspace learning has achieved great success in feature extraction, and it aims to map high dimensional data into low dimensional feature space which can reflect the important inherent structure of original data. In this paper, a novel approach termed Discrimination Preserving Projection (DPP) based on Sparse coding is proposed, which mainly focus on combining locality supervised linear subspace learning with sparse coding. In our approach, we decompose images into two parts including more discrimination part and less discrimination part via dictionary learning and sparse coding firstly. Then, a locality supervised criterion which preserves the more discrimination part components while weaken the less discrimination part components is presented. Extensive experiments on publicly available databases are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and corroborate the above claims.


This study attempted to identify the health behaviors and related factors of lifestyle related diseases among some public officials. The study subjects were 729 administrative officers of the general public office of the government in D metropolitan city. The data collection was conducted by self-administered questionnaire from February 1 to March 31, 2016. As a result, the health behavior score for lifestyle related diseases showed a significant positive correlation with vulnerability, the effectiveness of health behavior and information obtained from the media aboutlifestyle-related diseases, while it showed a significant negative correlation with the barriers to health behaviors concerning lifestyle related diseases. As a result of the covariance structure analysis, vulnerability and seriousness aboutlifestyle related diseases were the most important factors affecting health behavior for lifestyle related diseases. The next most important factorswere afamily history of lifestyle related diseases, information obtained from the media, effectiveness of and barriers tohealth behavior, instrumental support, and emotional support. These results suggest that each factor constituting the Health Belief Model (HBM) (perceived vulnerability and seriousness aboutlifestyle related diseases, perceived effectiveness and barriers tohealth behaviors, family history of lifestyle related diseases, information obtained from the mass media about lifestyle related diseases, social support network for lifestyle related diseases) is an important factor to consider in practicing health behaviors for lifestyle related diseases. Therefore, it is important to accurately understand the factors related to the practice of the health behaviors of the subjects and to manage them continuously.


This study, is part of a more ample research on the evolution of a rural population in the Limousin, a region of Central France. All the school children (295 girls and 244 boys) of the canton of Chateauponsac were tested by the Pickford-Nicholson anomaloscope for the three tests of colour vision : red- green, blue-green and blue-yellow. A qualitative analysis on the frequencies of the deficiencies is completed by a quantitative analysis on the variability of normal colour vision (minor deficiencies included). No difference wase evidenced between the sexes in normal colour vision, there is therefore no evidence of a sex-linked heredity as is the case for the main deficiencies of the red-green axe. The age (from 6 to 18 years old) has a similar behaviour to sex. The two variables studied : mid-point and matching-range are not correlated, though there are several cases of the two minor deficiencies associated. There is a relation between the blue-green and the blue-yellow tests. The colours red and green, and blue and yellow are correlated supporting Hering's theory.


In this paper, we propose hardware architecture of rate control module for real-time Full HD image (1920×1080@30fps). The Full HD image has 8160 macroblocks. The proposed architecture performs rate control which predict a new Quantization Parameter(QP) value every macroblcok lines. The bottle-neck condition can be generated in the rate control, because it has high complexity and performs floting point operation.


9-m free drop test and 1-m puncture test were performed using KORAD21 1/3 scaled model in order to demonstrate the structural performance of KORAD21 spent nuclear fuel cask. In 9-m free drop test, 5-kinds of postures including vertical, lid vertical, horizontal, inclination, center of gravity were considered, and 1-m puncture tests included a side-puncture test and a lid-vertical-puncture test. One important characteristic of the drop test is that the stress wave propagates through the cask, resulting in very large vibratory motion or stress components in the acceleration data due to rigid body mode, shell mode, and contact between internal components. In order to remove such vibratory components, the raw acceleration data should be filtered with low pass filter at a lowest natural frequency maintaining the acceleration component due to rigid body motion [1-3]. During the drop test of various postures, the 1-m side puncture test is that the cask freely drops over the rupture bar while keeping the cask horizontal. Therefore, this paper used 1-m side puncture test to determine the first bending mode and first order natural frequency of the cask.


An anomaly detection model for early damage detection for concrete structures undergoing alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is presented. It is difficult to detect ASR initiation and early damage without a reference expansion measurement. Coda waves, or the multiply scattered portion of ultrasonic waves, have been found to be indicative of small changes in complex material such as concrete. The relationship between concrete damage and relative velocity change and decorrelation of coda waves has been studied, but a generalized model which detects when damage occurs in a concrete structure is still lacking. The presented method uses features extracted from coda waves to detect early damage in concrete structures. The model uses unsupervised learning and only requires data from undamaged structures for training. During the training process, the reconstruction error of the training data is minimized. When the data collected from damaged concrete structures is used as an input of the model, it returns high reconstruction errors that indicate the occurrence of damage in the structures. The performance of the model is validated using experimental studies and has been shown to generalize across two different ASR specimens.


Photocopy of a letter from Leilani Lattin Duke, Director of the Getty Center, to the Creating and Beyond development team, Shelia Brown, Jack Davis, Virginia Gembica, James Hutchens, Edith Johnson, Phyllis Johnson, Anne Lindsey, Jessie Lovano-Kerr, Nancy MacGregor, William McCarter, Sally McRorie, Jeff Patchen, Nancy Roucher and Joyrce Wright. Duke writes that because of changes in the Center's goals and planning they've determined not to proceed with the publication of the Creating and Beyond book and will inform their contacts of their final decision. Duke appreciates the time and effort the educators had given toward the project.


The invention relates to a controller and a control method of a switch power source, wherein the controller of the switch power source is used for controlling working of a first switch pipe in the switch power source to convert input signals in a conducting state and in a cutoff state. The switch power source controller comprises a switch time adjustment circuit. In a switching period, the switch time adjustment circuit compares a first state time of a first switch pipe and an expected time and controls a second state time of a first switch pipe according to the compared result. When the first state time is longer than the expected time, the switch time adjustment circuit reduces the second state time and enables the first state time of the next switching period to be reduced. When the first state time is shorter than the expected time, the switch time adjustment circuit increases the second state time and then enables the first state time of the next switching period to be increased.


može se značajno utjecati na nejednakost dužine nogu. Abstract. Aim: The goal was to analyze hip joint by RTG before and after the surgery and to find out the real difference in leg length as well as to determine the position of the femoral part of endopros-thesis. Material and methods: 40 patients had implanted noncement endoprosthesis and another 40 cement endoprosthesis. Data were calculated for the period from 1.1.2007. to 31.12.2008., retrospectively. Results: In our research, upon implanting noncement prosthesis 26 of examined patients had longer leg after the procedure, but none had the deviations larger than 2 centimeters. Furthermore, 4 had shorter leg, and 10 had equal leg length before and after the surgery. 92 % of all patients had Intraplant type endoprosthesis implanted and remaining 8 % had Zimmer type endo-prosthesis. Intraplant endoprosthesis were mostly implanted in valgus position – 18 cases, 10 were implanted in varus position and 9 in neutral position. In Zimmer case however 2 endoprosthesis were implanted in valgus position and 1 in neutral position. In case of cement endoprosthesis im-plantation 34 of patients had on leg longer, two of them deviation more than 2 cm. One patient had shorter leg and in 5 cases the length of leg were not changed before and after the surgery. 75 % of all patients had implanted Surgival endoprosthesis and 21,5 % of them had Zimmer and ZweiMuller endoprosthesis. 50 % of Surgival endoprosthesis were implanted in valgus position of phemoral part, 30 % in neutral position and remaining 20 % in varus position. In Zimmer case 50 % of all endo-prosthesis were implanted I neutral position of femoral component. Conclusion: One of main goals of total hip arthroplasty is a complete reconstruction of normal hip biomechanics which influence longevity of endoprosthesis. Leg length discrepancy is one of the potential complications after total hip arthroplasty that can affect patient satisfaction with the operation. Although, sometimes it is not possible to fully reconstruct the normal hip biomechanics, proper preoperative preparation, and appropriate positioning of femoral components can significantly affect the leg length discrepancy.


This paper deals with methodological issues about the study and the design of computer-mediated solutions for online social support. First, we expose lacks in existing studies in the field of online social support. We have identified limits on three dimensions: methodological, conceptual and instrumental. Based on this critical analysis, we then describe our proposition of an interdisciplinary methodology (called MISS), involving psychology, sociology, computer science and conversational analysis. The role of each of these disciplines is described and discussed. As an illustration, we present the first results of the analysis of a corpus taken from a forum.


This cohort study assesses the physician, hospital, and patient factors associated with emergency department discharge or hospital admission of adult patients with clinical sepsis.


Research and anecdotal evidence suggest women continue to remove body hair, and there is some evidence for cultural changes in men's hair removal practices. This paper reports on data collected using an online mix-methods survey from 584 New Zealanders between the ages of 18–35 (mean age 26, 48.9% male, 50.6% female). The data demonstrated that substantial proportions of both women and men in


It is intended to provide: a wrapped food to be fried that allows a wrapped fried food to effectively maintain its oil cooking-derived crunchy texture based on the layered structure of wrappers wrapped around an ingredient; a wrapped fried food obtained by cooking the same with oil; and methods for producing these foods. The wrapped fried food of the present invention has an ingredient and a wrapper portion wrapped around the ingredient. At least a portion of this wrapper portion is formed as a layered structure consisting of 10 or more wrapper layers in a rolled-up state.


Objectives: Bacterial skin diseases caused by drug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis are known as a big problem in the field of treating management of infectious diseases. Progression of resistant strains has led to use phototherapy in parallel with pharmacotherapy. In this short survey, we tried to obtain a logic Ultraviolet Radiation protocol to induce the process of programmed cell death in irradiated Staphylococcus epidermidis. Methods: The samples of Staphylococcus epidermidis were classified in 4 categories. Each plate which is known as a category included well-grown colonies of bacteria. One plate was taken as a control sample and the left three plates were irradiated by UVB (302 nm) in 10 minutes from the distance of 8 cm. The irradiated plates were kept in a dark cell and for 1, 24 and 72 hours respectively. Then, total genomic DNA molecules pertaining to all of the colonies comprising control and irradiated samples were harvested by DNP kit and the extracted DNA molecules were running upon the 1% agarose gel together with ethidium bromide. Results: Control and irradiated samples were studied for probable changes in their macroscopic, microscopic characteristics and then the DNA pattern relating to each group was detected for any variation including smear or DNA laddering bands. No changes were observed in different bacterial properties. No apoptosis were observed in irradiated samples. Conclusion: UVB is a strong apoptosis stimulus in organisms. However, authors of the present study strongly reject the apoptotic effect of UVB irradiation in the format of the present protocol. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2015;5(1): 21-24


The streets and squares of small and large Italian towns and cities, especially at election time, are lined with political posters. They are posted not only on buildings, but on special "walls" that are frequently constructed so that they can be displayed in public spaces, where they often share attention with venerable monuments (Fig. 1). The expense and effort involved in these poster displays are evidence of the importance attached to the poster as a communicative vehicle, even in this age of technology. They also testify to the strength of the tradition of political activism in Italy.


From an analysis of the fundamental volume in the field of communication research "Ferment in the Field" (1983), we have obtained ideas, that is, perspectives, functions, objectives and objects of study from which to develop communication research, ideas that transcend the conception of communication and of media as isolated elements, allowing the development of a communicative perspective aimed at generating more democratic environments.


Objective The objective of this study is to demonstrate the assessment of hippocampal atrophy within a standard brain atlas for persons with age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) compared with cognitively intact elderly. Methods High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 20 nondemented persons: 10 had AAMI and 10 were normal elderly. Scans were aligned to a common atlas template to control for errors due to variable brain size and orientation as well as facilitating communication of results across centers. Manual outlining every 1 mm with volumes determined for both the hippocampal head and body was accomplished after coronal resampling perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus. Results Subject groups were similar in age, sex ratios, and educational achievement. The AAMI group had significantly lower volumes for the right hippocampus and hippocampal head (p =.02) compared with controls. Conclusion A growing body of work suggests the right hippocampal head as an early site of atrophy in early memory impairment. Subtle atrophic changes are detectable within a common atlas template allowing imaging assessment across centers.


A detailed investigation of the differences between the upwind and downwind Doppler spectra of the radar sea echo has been made, utilizing P- , L- , and C -band data obtained with the Naval Research Laboratory's Four-Frequency Radar System. The results indicate that while the Doppler bandwidth is nearly independent of wind direction, the differential Doppler looking upwind is nearly twice that for the downwind case.


A complete and detailed analysis of the direct and indirect causes of the stimulation of the transmission of noise by the rolling stock and way and works. The above article contains a description of the methods of measurement applied, as well as graphs showing the results of the enquiry carried out on the underground railways in the German Federal Republic. The different levels of noise were recorded in relation to the speeds, and load per axle, in the case of the substructure, the permanent way, the rolling stock, and the type of building. The author provides details of a number of improvements which have been made, with a view of effecting a reduction in the level of noise in the tunnels.


Abstract : This report consists of a summary of work to program an existing parachute opening dynamics theory for use with research into the scaling laws governing relationships between model and full-scale parachutes during the opening phase. The theory forms a basis to which modifications can be made to predict the opening dynamics of small-scale models. The object is eventually to be able to predict canopy stiffness effects on opening behavior.


Shah, Vargas-Hernandez & Smith [2003] (SVS) have proposed a widely adopted and very influential set of metrics, including one for novelty. They attempted to make them specifically appropriate for Engineering Design, while keeping principles from Cognitive Psychology in mind. In this position paper we view the SVS proposal for possible use in Computational Design Creativity systems. Unfortunately we conclude that, while it appears to be useful for human assessment of design novelty it poses significant problems for computer use.


Somatic cell genetic techniques have permitted the analysis of gene arrangement in cultured mammalian cells. Hybrid cells produced by the fusion of cells from two different species generally lose chromosomes from one parental input preferentially. This segregation provides the basis for mapping genes to specific chromosomes for the species whose chromosomes are lost.' Synteny assignments can be made by correlating the presence of marker isozymes and the gene to be mapped. Identification of specific chromosomes retained in a hybrid through the use of differential staining and banding techniques is then used for the assignment of the gene to a particular chromosome. The interferon system is amenable to somatic cell genetic analysis since species-specificity of interferon action allows the study of interferon production and response in interspecific heterokaryons and hybrids.' Both interferon synthesis and the attainment of the antiviral state after interferon treatment are inducible functions, requiring de novo RNA and protein systhesis. The genes governing these two functions are located on different chromosomes in the species that have been ~ t u d i e d . ~ Human/mouse and human/Chinese hamster hybrid cells, which usually segregate human chromosomes, have been used to map genes involved in the human interferon system. Sensitivity to human interferon is governed by human chromosome 21.4.5 The exact nature of the chromosome 21-coded gene product responsible for conferring interferon sensitivity is unknown, but current models postulate that a cell surface receptor is involved in the species-specific interferon response.' Trisomy 21 cells are markedly more sensitive to human interferon than normal diploid fibroblasts, while monosomy 21 cells are less ~ens i t i ve .~ Genes that govern the synthesis of human fibroblast interferon have been assigned to three human chromosomes (2 ,s and 9)?-" The roles played by each of these chromosomes are as yet unclear, but it is possible that multiple interferon structural loci exist. In this report, we will discuss our recent work with somatic cell hybrids to further elucidate the genetic control behind interferon systhesis and response.


Delaware House Bill No. 600 ("Bill"), which sets forth a series of amendments of the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act1 ("Act"), has been signed into law and is now effective.2 The Bill continues the process of modernizing Delaware's limited partnership statute. That process began in 1983 and continued with amendments of the Act that were effective August 1, 1985. The Act is viewed as a leading limited partnership statute and Delaware has increasingly become a forum of choice for the formation of limited partnerships. The Bill contains seventy-one sections. Many of those sections include multiple amendments of the Act. While space does not permit a section by section review of the Bill, this article discusses the particularly noteworthy amendments included in the Bill.