In a coordinate system with rectified magnetic field lines as straight lines,the eigenmode equations,describing the low mode number toroidal Alfven modes (TEA and EAE),are derived through a further expansion of the shear Alfven equation of motion.


OBJECTIVE
To clone and express a homologue of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) from P. falciparum 3D7--PfMIF.

METHODS
The nucleotide sequence of PfMIF was found through blast P. falciparum genomic sequence databases with the amino acid sequence of human MIF (HuMIF). RT-PCR, DNA sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis were used for the cloning of Pfmif gene. The recombinant protein was expressed in E. coli and purified through the affinity column.

RESULTS
The full length of Pfmif gene was cloned and sequenced. It was composed of 351 nucleotides and encoded 116 amino acids with the typical characteristic of MIF family. The recombinant protein was successfully expressed and purified.

CONCLUSIONS
The Pfmif gene and recombinant protein were successfully isolated and PfMIF was preliminarily identified as a novel member of MIF family.


Edge machine learning models on IoT (Internet of Things) devices allow making decisions closer to the environment where the data are gathered. IoT ML Edge devices are associated with computational power limitation. Cloud computing is usually used for its high computational resources. However, high latency, associated costs, and reliability concerns due to the use of the Internet impose limitations on its usage notably for time-sensitive tasks. To address those limitations, this paper proposes an intra-layer model division approach across nearby edge devices, enabling more reliable execution of computationally intensive machine learning models. The execution of some model layers was parallelized according to a load-balancing technique based on the estimated computational power of each device. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed load-balancing method achieved faster execution compared to cloud computing or single-device execution, albeit influenced by CPU usage and model size.


With the goal of preventing HIV and unplanned pregnancies the Family Planning Council of southeastern Pennsylvania received a grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to explore the feasibility of a program to involve male partners of women in drug treatment and homeless programs. Three focus groups were conducted with 29 men and women aged 23-58 years of mean age 36 years in drug treatment centers for their reactions to the idea of introducing condom use to a main partner. 67% were being treated for crack/cocaine while 33% were in a methadone maintenance program. 76% of the participants were African-American 21& Caucasian and 3% Hispanic. 70% of the participants had a main sex partner at the time of the focus group for 1-480 months. 54% however had not used condoms in the previous six months. The study found that neither men nor women like to use condoms and that power relations between the sexes remain unequal. The very complex process of introducing condom use to main relationships demands that research and development continue.


In this paper, we applied a direct method for a solution of isoperimetric fractional variational problems. We use shifted Legendre orthonormal polynomials as basis function of operational matrices of fractional differentiation and fractional integration in combination with the Lagrange multipliers technique for converting such isoperimetric fractional variational problems into solving a system of algebraic equations. Also, we show the convergence analysis of the presented technique and introduce some test problems with comparisons between our numerical results with those introduced using different methods.


Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a major health issue among men with diabetes, and ED induced by diabetes mellitus (DMED) is particularly difficult to treat. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of DMED are urgently needed. Exosomes, nanosized particles involved in many physiological and pathological processes, may become a promising tool for DMED treatment. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of exosomes derived from corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC‐EXOs) on erectile function in a rat model of diabetes and compared their effect with that of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC‐EXOs). We incubated labelled CCSMC‐EXOs and MSC‐EXOs with CCSMCs and then observed uptake of the exosomes at different time points using laser confocal microscopy. CCSMC‐EXOs were more easily taken up by CCSMCs. The peak concentration and retention time of labelled CCSMC‐EXOs and MSC‐EXOs in the corpus cavernosum of DMED rats after intracavernous injection were compared by in vivo imaging techniques. Intracavernous injection of CCSMC‐EXOs was associated with a relatively high peak concentration and long retention time. Our data showed that CCSMC‐EXOs could improve erectile function in DMED rats. Meanwhile, CCSMC‐EXOs could exert antifibrotic effects by increasing the smooth muscle content and reducing collagen deposition. CCSMC‐EXOs also increased the expression of eNOS and nNOS, followed by increased levels of NO and cGMP. These findings initially identify the possible role of CCSMC‐EXOs in ameliorating DMED through inhibiting corporal fibrosis and modulating the NO/cGMP signalling pathway, providing a theoretical basis for a breakthrough in the treatment of DMED.


Woodland in Anning City of Yunnan Province was taken as the standard plot,moisture capacity of underwood inflammable materials was measured and forest fire spread simulation experiment was carried out in laboratory.Samples were taken from different slopes and burning tests carried out on the corresponding slopes,radiant heat collected 5 cm away from the flame fringe,burning time recorded at the points 10 cm on average from the burning bed,portable infrared thermometer used and the highest temperatures recorded.The results showed that radiant heat increased with the increasing slope,but burning time declined,flame height increased,temperature in the burning area rose,and forest fire spread faster.


This study provides a review of the literature on boron uptake and accumulation by higher plants, particularly trees. It addresses those aspects of the soil chemistry of boron that are most relevant to uptake by trees, then discusses the plant biochemistry of boron, its uptake and accumulation in plant tissue, and its phytotoxicity symptoms in plant species. The literature reviewed suggests that boron uptake is accomplished by a passive, massflow mechanism, as opposed to a metabolic process, with the most likely chemical form taken up being the neutral complex, H/sub 3/BO/sub 3/. The biochemical role of boron is not well understood, but evidence exists for its involvement with carbohydrate transformations and the control of growth-regulating compounds. Because of the mass-flow uptake mechanism, the distribution of boron in trees is connected intimately with the patterns of transpiration, which are species-dependent. Precise data on the effect of plant genotype on boron uptake, however, were not found in the published literature. The phytotoxicity symptoms of boron in trees also are species-dependent, although a consensus does exist as to the general nature of external symptoms and the basis of boron tolerance.


The reception of Circe's island in and through Classical Antiquity has largely focused on the enigmatic sorceress herself. The long literary chain of interpretive topoi—Circe the witch, the whore, the temptress—stretches from Apollonius, Virgil, Ovid, and Dio Chrysostom to Spenser, Calderón, Joyce, Margaret Atwood, and Madeline Miller. Her role as Odysseus' benefactor, so unmistakable in Homer, is soon forgotten; to Virgil, she is above all dea saeva, ('the savage goddess', Aen. 7.19). One distinguishing feature of Circe and her reception is the focus on representation: the enchantment of Circe, as Greta Hawes puts it, is above all a study in allegory. From the moment Circe put a spell on Odysseus' companions, transforming them into animals in Book 10 of the Odyssey, Circe has invited analogical reasoning, centered on what the transformation from one being into another represents. More often than not, this transformation is interpreted according to a dualist thinking about humans and animals: subjects are transformed from one being into another being, thus representing some moral or physical degradation. This article, by contrast, concentrates on Circe's island through the lens of becoming-animal, the concept developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in the tenth plateau of A Thousand Plateaus, '1730: Becoming-Intense, Becoming-Animal, Becoming-Imperceptible…'. I explicate the concept of becoming-animal by applying it to a Deleuzian encounter with Circe's island, both in its ancient articulations and in its various receptions, including H.G. Wells's science fiction novel The Island of Dr. Moreau.


According to the comparison of water environment under the natural condition and overexploitation of groundwater at Baiquan,the water quantities of karst water replenishment and exploitation were calculated.The feasibility of spring water quantity rehabilitation was discussed,and it was found out that the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and the water diversion project from Zhuzhuang Reservoir to Xingtai City would help to realize the ecological restoration of Baiquan.


To resolve the problem of detection of similar foreign materials in the complex background, a detection method based on transmission/reflection spectral imaging was proposed. According to the method, the different imaging model was constructed according to the different transmission/reflection characteristic discrimination between foreign materials and background. In different imaging model, the optimal illumination wavelength that distinguished the foreign materials from background was selected, and a transmission/reflection spectral imaging system was established. In actual application of detection of foreign materials in cotton, the image features of similar foreign materials from those of background were acquired by using optimal wavelength transmission/reflection spectral imaging system, and then the image targets were extracted by using adaptive thresholding image processing. The experiment result indicates that the detection ration is 91% under the condition of reflection illumination coefficient 0.74 and transmission illumination coefficient 0.83, and the method is a novel practical mean for detection of similar foreign materials currently.


The cDNA of chicken IFN-γ gene was cloned into pET30a vector to construct recombinant plasmid pET-30a-CHIFN-γ.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3)and the bacterium was induced with IPTG.It was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE that the soluble protein was expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3).This protein was purified by Ni-NTA and used to prepare the antibody against chicken IFN-γ protein.The Western blotting result showed that the antibody could react with purified recombinant chicken IFN-γ protein.


This article introduces the oldest narratives on the conquest of Damascus that could be reconstructed from the Islamic sources. These reconstructed versions will then be analyzed according to their narrative structures, in order to assess their trustworthiness. At the end, based on these narratives - tentatively reconstructs the events leading to the conquest of Damascus.The method applied here is a combination of isnad-cum-matn analysis and narrative criticism. This narrative focuses on the description of the conquest of Damascus. This article reconstructs three narratives, which were undoubtedly handed down in the circles of study and transmission at least from the 2nd quarter of the 2nd/8th century onward, i.e.. Each of these three narratives focuses on three different aspects of the conquest of Damascus (supreme command, double conquest, peace treaty negotiations) in three different sets of protagonists (Khalid/Abu 'Ubayda - Khalid/Yazid b. Abi Sufyan - Khalid). Keywords:Abi Sufyan - Khalid; Damascus; datable; isnad-cum-matn; Khalid/Abu 'Ubayda; Khalid/Yazid; narrative


The last 30 years have seen an explosion of evidence that lifestyle drives cancer risk, and this evidence has also documented, through rigorous studies, an increasing number of effective prevention strategies.1,2 We have moved from estimating the potential for prevention on the basis of international variation in cancer rates and data on tobacco smoking and lung cancer from the American Cancer Society (ACS) cohorts that Doll and Peto used for their estimation3 to a broader and deeper understanding of lifestyle factors including diet,4 lack of physical activity and obesity,5 drugs, and infections6 as modifiable causes of cancer. The ACS cohorts have contributed substantially to these advances,7 and researchers funded by the ACS continue to make major contributions to cancer prevention. With what we know now, we could already prevent more than half of all cancers if we implemented effective prevention programs.8 In this context, we welcome the article in this issue by Fontham et al9 that provides an overview of ACS priorities in cancer prevention. These priorities are based on the strength of scientific evidence and the potential benefit of a cancer-prevention strategy. The latter is influenced by the magnitude of disease risk from the exposure of concern, the proportion of the population exposed, the time course for reduction in risk after exposure is reduced or eliminated, and information on the effectiveness, feasibility, and potential adverse consequences of the proposed intervention.10 The ACS also considers resources that would be required to implement the intervention and how the ACS's actions can be designed to complement, rather than duplicate, those of other private and governmental collaborators. The proportional contributions of various environmental factors to cancer risk have been debated for decades.11 Remarkably, scientific consensus generally accepts the original Doll and Peto estimates,3 in which the major known causes include smoking (30%), diet and lack of physical activity (35%), and infections (17% of cancers worldwide), with smaller fractions ascribed to reproductive and sexual behavior, alcohol consumption, medicines and medical procedures, occupation, geophysical factors, and pollution. The Doll and Peto estimates have withstood multiple reanalyses, the only substantive revisions being to increase the percentage attributed to infection and to combine obesity with diet and physical inactivity. Occupational exposures are estimated to account for between 2% and 5% of cancers in the United States. It is important to recognize that none of these categories are mutually exclusive. Tobacco control has been a top priority in ACS cancer prevention efforts during the last 50 years. ACS has been a leader in efforts to prevent children from starting to smoke and in promoting smoking cessation. Progress in reducing tobacco use has resulted in a 25.5% reduction in male lung cancer mortality from 1990-2006. This success, although still incomplete, illustrates how prevention can be incorporated into practice through multiple avenues:10 health care providers are crucial to motivating smoking cessation. Laws that increase excise taxes reduce consumption and deter initiation by children. Grass-roots efforts have banned smoking in public places in many states and profoundly changed social norms. The current report was developed, in part, to address public concern about risk from environmental and occupational exposures. Cancer patients andtheir families often ask their physicians about these issues. Concern is amplified by the perception that environmental exposures are involuntary and not subject to individual control. The report in this issue discusses the role of occupational and environmental causes of cancer in the context of the broader cancer prevention agenda.9 Importantly, the authors describe the role of the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the National


The fusion of humans and technology takes us into an unknown world described by some authors as populated by quasi living species that would relegate us - ordinary humans - to the rank of alienated agents emptied of our identity and consciousness. I argue instead that our world is woven of simple though invisible perspectives which - if we become aware of them - may renew our ability for making judgments and enhance our autonomy. I became aware of these invisible perspectives by observing and practicing a real time collective net art experiment called the Poietic Generator. As the perspectives unveiled by this experiment are invisible I have called them anoptical perspectives i.e. non-optical by analogy with the optical perspective of the Renaissance. Later I have come to realize that these perspectives obtain their cognitive structure from the political origins of our language. Accordingly it is possible to define certain cognitive criteria for assessing the legitimacy of the anoptical perspectives just like some artists and architects of the Renaissance defined the geometrical criteria that established the legitimacy of the optical one.


1. Young LH, Wackers FJ, Chyun DA, et al. Cardiac outcomes after screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: the DIAD study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;301(15):1547–1555. 2. Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for percutaneous coronary intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Circulation. 2011;124(23):574–651.


This research investigates the relationship between child abuse potential and coping with stress in a sample of mothers from Lima. The objectives are: to describe styles of coping with stress in the sample and identify its relationship with sociodemographic variables; describe levels of child abuse potential and its relationship to sociodemographic variables; and identify the relationship between child abuse potential and coping to stress. Using a canonical regression model, a significant correlation was found between child abuse potential and coping style; as well as a strong and positive correlation of child abuse potential with avoidant coping styles; a weak, positive correlation with the emotion-orient- ed styles, and a strong and negative correlation with the problem-oriented styles. The discussion exam- ines cognitive factors that make coping with stress and its correspondence with those described in the social processing model applied to child abuse.


Recent advancements in text-to-image generation have revolutionized numerous fields, including art and cinema, by automating the generation of high-quality, context-aware images and video. However, the utility of these technologies is often limited by the inadequacy of text prompts in guiding the generator to produce artistically coherent and subject-relevant images. In this paper, We describe the techniques that can be used to make Large Language Models (LLMs) act as Art Directors that enhance image and video generation. We describe our unified system for this called"LaDi". We explore how LaDi integrates multiple techniques for augmenting the capabilities of text-to-image generators (T2Is) and text-to-video generators (T2Vs), with a focus on constrained decoding, intelligent prompting, fine-tuning, and retrieval. LaDi and these techniques are being used today in apps and platforms developed by Plai Labs.


18 The complete eradication of tumor cells is extremely challenging. An alternative 19 strategy is tumor containment, which utilizes the interaction of tumor cells and has 20 achieved promising results. However, effective interaction and controllability are not 21 guaranteed for a given tumor. Here, we proposed a novel strategy comprising an 22 impactive cell population and a control system and realized it in leukemic mouse model. 23 To identify impactive cells, we xenografted six leukemic cell lines together. We found 24 NALM-6 cells strongly impact the infiltration of other leukemic cells. To control 25 NALM-6 cells, we introduced the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir 26 suicide system. We found they effectively controlled the infiltration of NALM-6 cells.


Abstract Water-distilled essential oil from the herbal parts of Nepeta flavida was analyzed by GC/MS. Eighty three components were characterized representing 92.8% of the total components detected in the oil with linalool (37.65%) and 1,8-cineole (22.67%) as major constituents.


Modified water-borne epoxy resin was prepared by grafting diethanolamine to the skeleton of bisphenol A epoxy resin and using glacial acetic acid as neutralizer. Based on a lot of trials,the optimum synthesis formulation and process conditions were fixed. The sizing agent with this modified bisphenol A epoxy resin as an assistant film-former provided fiberglass yarn with excellent strand integrity and abrasion resistance,and facilitated yarn processing with less fuzz produced in the unwinding and twisting processes.


The thermodynamic functions, transport properties, and physical properties of both liquid and gaseous hydrogen are presented. The low temperature regime is emphasized. The tabulation of the properties of normal hydrogen in both Si and engineering units is given along with the tabulation of parahydrogen.


Introduction: The association between race and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cerebral microbleeds in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is controversial. We examined the relatio...


The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) give similar attention to multidimensional and monetary poverty. Thus, the convergence between these indexes appears crucial for future development policies. A survey conducted in northern Benin shows that these approaches identify different households as poor. The divergence between indexes is more important in large villages, which benefit from better infrastructures. Both indexes also differ regarding their association with agricultural assets such as landholding and herd size.


In order to recognize and find the specialized one-dimension two-value cellular automata automatically,we realize the transition from the qualitative description to quantitive computation about the dynamic behaviors of cellular automata by computing the evolution entropy of cellular automata.The connection between the evolution entropy plan different yield and different dyna-mic behaviors is also presented.At last,the distribution of different dynamic behaviors distribution under the same Langton's parameter is analyzed using the evolution entropy.The results further show that the Langton parameter is symmetry when it is used to characterize the cellular automata dynamic behaviors that is not fit the generalized laws.


Many glutamatergic synapses on interneurons involved in feedback inhibition in the CA1 region of the hippocampus exhibit an unusual form of long‐term potentiation (LTP) that is induced only if presynaptic glutamate release occurs when the postsynaptic membrane potential is relatively hyperpolarized. We have named this phenomenon 'anti‐Hebbian' LTP because it is prevented by postsynaptic depolarization during afferent activity, and hence its induction requirements are opposite to those of Hebbian NMDA receptor‐dependent LTP. This symposium report addresses the roles of distinct glutamate receptors in the induction of anti‐Hebbian LTP. Inwardly rectifying Ca2+‐permeable AMPA receptors mediate fast glutamatergic signalling at synapses that exhibit this form of LTP, and they are highly likely to mediate the instructive signal that triggers the cascade leading to synapse strengthening. NMDA receptors, on the other hand, play no role, nor do they contribute substantially to synaptic transmission at synapses that exhibit anti‐Hebbian LTP. Both kainate and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors are abundant in at least some interneurons in the feedback inhibitory circuit. Delineating the roles of kainate receptors has been hampered by sub‐optimal pharmacological tools. As for group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, their role in anti‐Hebbian LTP is permissive at the very least in some interneuron types, although an instructive role has been suggested in other forms of activity‐dependent plasticity.


Contextualization cue is an important theory advanced by John Gumperz,the founder of interactional sociolinguistics,in studying the rules of understanding discourse,which is of great importance to interpreting the process and mechanism of conversational inference and revealing the influence of social and cultural background on verbal communications.This theory makes it possible to correlate communication rules with characteristics of language style as well as verbal activity types.To apply this theory into the study of teaching Chinese to foreign students is of significance to revealing the Chinese understanding mechanism and conversation strategies,and helping students improve their Chinese comprehension and communication abilities.


The Athens Water in the Circular Economy demo case examines all three of the following as associated with Circular Economy (CE) in wastewater streams: water, energy and materials. The application area is the Athens Urban Tree Nursery, which is located in the center of Athens, in order to address real world problems in water-scarce cities. The Athens demo application includes sewer mining, a technology first pioneered in Australia related to mobile wastewater treatment units in containers that are able to treat and provide reused water at the point of demand in dense urban environments. The installed pilot unit consists of a membrane bioreactor unit (MBR) and a UV disinfection unit. The sewer mining is achieved with a prefabricated pumping statiοn that will be demonstrated in the main sewer network for feeding the sewer mining unit with wastewater. The unit will produce fresh water that will be used for irrigation needs, and also during the winter for aquifer discharge. The Athens Tree nursery also has significant amounts of pruning materials that, until now, have remained untapped resources. The excess sludge produced from the unit along with the green and wood waste will go through a rapid composting process in order to produce fertilizer. The first stage will be a pre-treatment unit that includes the shredding, homogenizing and sorting of the pruning materials. The second stage is rapid composting that will last approximately 2 weeks. The last stage is the compost that will be used again on-site as a fertilizer full of nutrients as part of a renewable energy solution for the area to support more complete autonomy.


X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray-induced Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES) have been applied to characterize the surface chemistry of InP(001) after ex situ treatment with ozone or with (NH4)2S solution. Both high-resolution chemical shifts and the Auger parameter concept were used for the identification of chemical species.

After UV/ozone exposure, indium oxide and two phosphate types (orthophosphate and metaphosphate) were found on the InP surface. Upon annealing the phosphates desorb first, followed by the oxide. On (NH4)2S-treated InP surfaces three sulphur species were observed and identified as two different sulphides and as a polysulphide (SS bond). The thermally most stable sulphur species was attributed to a sulphide with sulphur on a phosphorus site in the uppermost subsurface layer. Changes of surface Fermi energy position accompanying the surface sulphurization were established to correlate with the annealing behaviour of the polysulphidic species found at the InP surface.


Lubricant rheology governs the friction in any lubricated contact. In hydrodynamic lubrication, the genesis of friction is well-understood. However, when asperity contacts occur, the situation becomes more complex. In this «mixed» lubrication regime, it is known that lubricants can deviate dramatically from Newtonian behavior, but the source of this effect has not been identified. In particular, the question arises as to whether the non-Newtonian behavior of the lubricant is due to the extreme thinness of the film or to the very large shear rates to which it is subjected. In the current work, we analyze friction force measurements in the magnetic slider/disk interface to help resolve this question - Marque des 851 caracteres!! - ----------------------------------


In recent times our colleagues have been evaluating neoliberalism and its impacts upon farming - and upon rural society, more generally. A significant contribution has been Steven Wolf and Alessandro Bonanno's edited collection The Neoliberal Regime in the Agri-food Sector: Crisis, Resilience and Restructuring which arose from an RSS Sociology of Agrifood Research Interest Group (SAFRIG) mini-conference held in Chicago in 2012. In August this year the theme of the European Society for Rural Sociology Congress was 'Places of Possibility: Rural Societies in a Neoliberal World'. Globally, agri-food scholars including Alessandro Bonanno, Hilde Bjorkhaug, Larry Busch, Hugh Campbell, Jennifer Clapp, Madeleine Fairbairn, Vaughan Higgins, Phil McMichael, Terry Marsden, Bill Pritchard and many others have sought to understand links between neoliberalism and agrifood restructuring. What have been the impacts of neoliberalism upon agriculture and rural society? Are we moving beyond neoliberalism?


Kancra fish (Tor soro) is one of specific freshwater fish in Indonesia. The main problem of Kancra fish cultivation is the sustainable availability of seeds. The hatchery efforts are still constrained by environmental conditions that are less supportive, because fish seeds are more sensitive due to environmental changes. Temperature is one of the environmental factors that really affect the hatching rate and seeds growth. The purpose of this experiment is to find out the optimal temperature for Kancra fish culture. Kancra fish with averange initial weight 0.08 ± 0.0001g were used, maintained on aquarium with size of 66×24×30 cm3, with 90 fish/aquarium (density of 3 fish/L). Feeding was done with satiation method (feeding rate of 5%). The treatment was several different water temperatures, which were 24°C, 26°C, 28 °C, 30°C and 32°C. This experiment used completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. An automatic heater RH9000 was used to stabilized the water temperature. The best results found on the treatment of 28°C and 30°C with percentage of survival rate 97.74% and 95.52%, and specific growth rate 2.34% and 2.12%.


Guillain-Barre Syndrome(GBS) is an autoimmune disorder of nerves.Although the aetiology of GBS is not completely understood,it is broadly believed that lots of factors associated with it,such as infection,vaccination,immunization,genetic,nutrition,et al.The background rates of GBS change with region,age,gender,race,times and nations.There are many vaccines have temporal association with GBS.But causal association between them is not concluded.In this paper,the research progress about association between vaccination and GBS had been introduced through searching the papers published latest years.The factors which influence determining the association between vaccines and GBS are listed in the paper.


Incentive paid currently in flat rate tend to be ineffective to motivate health personnel. Pay for performance is therefore, a choice of incentives designed to stimulate health personnel to improve efficiency, quality and morale. This report had elaborated and summarized lessons learned from two pilot hospitals which then extended to other hospitals in order to create knowledge and share experience. The final solution was proposed in three different models. Model 1 : Activity - based approach, by which a set of activities was defined and scored in term of workload. If any monthly score achieved higher than minimum level, one would receive an additional payment. Model 2 : Result based approach under which score relies on " Diagnostic related group (DRG) " or " Key performance index (KPI) ", the incentive will rely totally on score without minimum level. Model 3 : Modified Hay Guide Chart - Profile. In this model numerous health service activities has been identified and classified into 4 categories depend on level of expertise and responsibility. Activities in each categories were turned into points weighed by complexity and duration of work. Similar to Model 1, additional payment would be based on the minimum guarantee score The report shows that the pay for performance is possible to implement generally in every level of hospitals. The three model should be evaluated extensively to formulate most appropriate incentive and create better efficiency in health service system. Key words: pay for performance, public hospital, incentive


This study aims to develop a mobile application prototype for self-monitoring. Exercising self-regulated learning is considered as one of the ways that can help students achieve their learning goals. One of the key components of self-regulated learning is self-monitoring, in which students could monitor their learning process. To make students get used to monitoring skill, a web-based application called self-monitoring tool was developed. User research was carried out by evaluating the existing web-based application via an interview. Findings from the interview were analyzed and used as requirements to develop the mobile application. By taking into account usability components and design principles, an interactive prototype of a mobile self-monitoring tool was designed for both student and instructor roles.


In this paper, ship performance prediction solver was developed using open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) libraries. The mass- and momentum-conservation equations and turbulent model with a wall function for the turbulent closer were considered. The volume fraction transport equation with a high-resolution interface capturing scheme were selected for free-surface simulation. The predicted wave pattern around KRISO container ship (KCS) using developed program showed good agreement against existing experimental data. For the revolution of a propeller in the propulsive test, general grid interface (GGI) library was used. The predicted propulsive performance showed 7 % difference against experimental data. Two-phase mixture model was developed to simulate a cavitation and applied to a propeller. The sheet cavitation on the propeller was predicted well. From results, the potential of the numerical tank developed by open source libraries was verified by applying it to KCS.


Recent approaches to the design of reinforced concrete members have paid attention not only to shear failure as a primary cause of collapse, but also to shear damage from the viewpoint of serviceability and durability. Tests were performed on RC columns having axial load ratios of 0 to 0.3, and shear reinforcement ratios of 0.29% and 0.63% in order to study the influence of axial load and shear reinforcement upon the shear-transfer mechanism while shear damage was in progress. Resistance against shear damage increases with an increase in shear reinforcement, but the shear-transfer ability, due to the concrete contribution, decreases with an increase in shear reinforcement and axial load. A method for evaluating shear damage has been proposed based on the shear-transfer mechanism of concrete and reinforcement. FEM analyses have been also carried out to verify the transition of the shear-transfer mechanism estimated by the proposed method.


The aim in our thesis is to show how two new functions, In-band Signalling and Advice of Charge can be implemented in an ISDN router. In-band Signalling and Advice of Charge, respectively, is a ...


The self-propulsion test of submarines is a key technology when evaluating its performance.In this paper,the simulation and modeling of a full appendage submarine with high-skew propeller are pre sented.Particularly,the flow patterns,the thrust and torque of the propeller and the wave resistance of the submarine are obtained via three-dimensional numerical analysis.Furthermore,analysis of the hydrody namic properties of the SUBOFF bare hull as well as the appended submarine reveals high consistency be tween the two.It is observed that both the propeller thrust and the submarine body resistance are functions of the propeller rotating rate while the inflow velocity remains constant.Consequently,through altering the propeller rotating rate,various self-propulsion points can be determined under different inflow velocities.In brief,the proposed model provides insight into the flow pattern of full appendage submarines with 7-bladed propellers,and helps improving the overall performance and efficiency of the propeller.


The estimated contribution of the motor vehicle emissions to the concentration and distribution of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons over Faisalabad city was calculated by using emission factors and vehicle kilometers travelled to assess the level of air pollutants. It was found that the environmental pollution due to motorcycles was maximum and percentage contribution form motorcycles and rickshaws was similar for all pollutants.


The Late Neoproterozoic Egyptian Nubian Shield (ENS) has attracted increasing attention since the establishment of the Egyptian Geological Survey and Mining Authority (EGSMA (1896)), which conducted the first mapping. In the last three decades, rapid improvements in analytical techniques, along with field-oriented studies, have made it possible for the interpretation of the ENS as an integral part of the juvenile Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) as a portion of the East African Orogen (EAO). However, a consistent tectonic map of the ENS does not exist. Presentation of such a map is the main objective of the present work where Landsat-based lithological discrimination is combined with the systematic structural investigation and careful reassessment of previously published geological maps. Our interpretation of this map indicates that in accordance with previous work, the basement units of the Eastern Desert (ED) can be divided into three structural domains: Northern, Central, and South-Eastern Desert provinces. The proposed provinces are ascribed to three different plate tectonic far-field boundary conditions. The earliest magmatic, metamorphic, and tectonic history was set off by the approximate north–south convergence of the Gabgaba-Gebeit, Jiddah-Asir terranes, and Eastern Desert-Midyan terranes along the Yanbo-Onib-Sol-Hamid-Gerf-Allaqi-Heiani (YOSHGAH) suture between c. 800 and 620 Ma. The second event between c. 640 and 580 Ma was correlated with the Nabitah Orogeny when the Ad Dawadimi-Ar Rayn terranes in the eastern Arabian Shield accreted to the earlier consolidated arc terranes (Afif and Tathlith terranes). During this period, east–west convergence between northwestern Saudi Arabia and the Central Eastern Desert (CED) in Egypt caused a pronounced strike-slip deformation associated with the displacement along the wider Najd Fault system. The third orogenic phase, which was younger than c. 580 Ma, was controlled by the evolution and retreat of the Cadomian Arc. The northern portions of the ENS and the northern Arabian Shield experienced extension whereas extensive post-orogenic magmatism was related to mantle delamination and associated crustal thinning.


Ukraine's "Orange Revolution" in 2004-05 captivated an international audience. Western reporting on this "democratic moment" focused on Victor Yuschenko's eventual hard-fought victory, labeling it an indication of Ukraine's commitment to breaking ties with its Soviet socialist past and to establishing itself fully as a capitalist market economy. In the shrinking global economy, Ukraine, suddenly, was a hot commodity. Yet, in the flurry of rhetoric about a former Soviet state achieving independence and sovereignty, moving from a socialist past to a capitalist future, few seemed directly to address the issue of private property. There seemed to be very little mention, though, at least in the popular media, of the shape of a right to private property in Ukrainian law. This was surprising in view of the fact that this is a basic prerequisite to a market economy. In fact, Ukrainian law does offer some minimal guidance concerning this important concept.


The geographical distribution of two subspecies belonging to Sepia officinalis LINNAEUS off the northwest coast of Africa was examined, using the materials collected by Japaese trawlers. Results obtained are as follows: (1) The southern boundary of Sepia oficinalis oficinalis is in the vicinity of the Cap Vert. (2) The northern boundary of S. o. hierredda is at the latitude of Cap Blanc. (3) S. o. hierredda is found mainly in waters shallower than 50 meters and S. o. officinalis is found in every depth until at least 110 meters off the coast of Mauritania where both subspecies have been inhabiting commonly.


Background and Purpose—The intraluminal thread model for middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) has gained increasing acceptance. Numerous modifications have been reported in the literature, indicating that the technique has not been standardized. The present study was performed to evaluate and optimize the reliability of this model. Methods—One hundred Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to MCAO by 2 different intraluminal filaments. Cortical blood flow was continuously monitored over both hemispheres by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). In part I (3-0 filament), we evaluated the incidence of adequate MCAO, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intraluminal thrombus formation, and the effects of heparinization. In part II (silicone-coated 4-0 filament), we also determined the influence of insufficient MCAO on morphological and functional outcome and the incidence of postischemic hyperthermia. Results—In part I, SAH occurred in 30% and premature reperfusion in 24%. All animals with a decrease in contralateral flow ...


Under the guidance of basic theory of sustainable development, the sustainable development of urban land resources, urban ecological environment, city planning, urban economy and urban policy are inquired into.


This is a comprehensive paper on the subject of ontology.It introduces the concept,the theory research of ontology,including modeling primitive,classification,demonstration languages,construction rules,and the authoritative agencies that engage in the ontology research recently.The ontology-related concepts are also presented in this paper.It separately probes into the relationships between ontology and semantic network,ontology and semantic web,and ontology and thesaurus as well.Finally what unfolds is the application of ontology on the information research and other fields.


: Music has a profound cultural connotation, which can help people to express their emotions. In the music appreciation class in colleges and universities, teachers need to take folk music as a core teaching content, help students to better understand the profound connotation contained in folk music through the music appreciation class, and guide students to deepen their understanding of folk music, so as to improve their musical skills and creative ability. However, because the music appreciation courses in some colleges and universities do not pay attention to the practical links in music teaching, students cannot actually feel the connotation and emotion of folk music, which leads to it difficult to improve the teaching quality of music appreciation courses in colleges and universities. In this case, teachers need to make students better understand the process and skills of music creation through practical teaching, and they can also organize music competitions and performances to enhance the experience of folk music emotion and charm. This paper analyzes the teaching of folk music in college music appreciation, discusses the existing problems, and puts forward the practice path of folk music teaching.


Advances in the field of dentistry in the last millennium and in the present decade have brought about revolutionary changes in the way we understand and treat diseases. The stem cells are one of the most favorable areas of biology. The breakthrough in stem cell research holds significant promise for clinical application in human patients to regenerate human cells, which are damaged due to illness, developmental defects, and accidents. This article takes you on a sojourn of the stem cells, their characteristics, sources, their potential applications and possible barriers of its application along with the overview of where dentistry stands in this field.


Nickel boride is reported to bring about desulfurization and reductive cleavage of N,N′-diarylthioureas to give corresponding anilines and N-methylanilines while N,N′-dialkylthioureas have been observed to undergo desulfurization to give formamidines; benzimidazoline-2-thiones are reported to undergo desulfurization to benzimidazoles and 1,3-dihydro-1,3-diaryl-2-thioxopyrimidine-4,6(2H,5H)-diones have been observed to yield corresponding hexahydropyrimidine-4,6-diones in high yields in dry methanol at ambient temperature.


A preliminary assessment of exposure from the natural radioactivity in some building materials in Yugoslavia is given. The increased gonadal dose due to building materials was calculated. An assessment of the annual doses is given.


Magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) suffers from reliability issues subject to the harsh industrial environment and applications with limited hardware resources. Thus, we propose the new spin-orbit torque MRAM (SOT-MRAM) scheme called exchange bias (EB) MRAM for error-tolerant application. EB MRAM enhances reliability from its immunity to external magnetic and higher endurance. In addition, this paper presents near-memory computing (NMC) with EB MRAM to further achieve low soft error sensitivity and latency implementation. In the proposed scheme, the NMC controller exploits the accelerated design to reduce data movement, and EB MRAM as the computation memory is performed with subword-level compression. The experimental results show that the access time and energy of EB MRAM is only 0.9ns and 0.113pJ/bit while the data compressed rate is up to 75% with 2.05% loss over the state-of-the-art designs.


Mouse V alpha 14 T cells and their human homologs, V alpha 24 T cells, are prominent subsets of CD1d-restricted T cells. Here we discuss their striking similarities to B-1 B cells and gammadelta T cells and propose that these immune cells mediate various innate strategies in response to endogenous or exogenous danger signals.


This research work has oriented on determining the didactic materials for the visomotor development of the child in the first cycle of regular basic education. To carry out this work, were has made research activities and creation of didactic material for boost the visomotor development in children under 3 years.
In the research, has been used the type of bibliographic investigation that allows the collection of existing information on the subject that is necessary and serves as a source of fundamental in the all research process.
With the objective for decide didactic materials for the visomotor development of the child in the first cycle of regular basic education, know the theoretical foundations of visomotor development in kids of the first cycle of regular basic education, identify and classify the types of didactic materials by age, and develop a proposal of didactic material for the visomotor development of the child in the first cycle of regular basic education.
Visomotor development in children is key to learning, especially in the writing. Therefore, it is necessary that people who work with children use all the necessary didactic material to strengthen, stimulate skills and create skills, feelings, feeling especially happiness in their body and verbal expressions through visomotor coordination exercises.
With the research are revealed the theoretical foundations of the visomotor development of kids, the classification of the didactic materials investigated and proposed considering in the ages of 0 to 6 months, 6 to 12 months, 12 to 24 months and 24 to 36 months and the proposal of 34 teaching strategies to achieve the eye - hand and eye - foot coordination. some strategies have been created and others adapted according to the age of the child for achieving its visomotor development.


The paper presents a content audit system on high speed network. A new algorithm is provided for load balancing and data distribution which is based on application protocol and session states. A fast text searching approach is also introduced for string matching which includes chars and Chinese characters.


Breast cancer is a cancer that that is caused by abnormal cell growth into the breast tissue through the duct wall and invade the breast tissue. Breast cancer ranks first have a fairly high mortality rate in women in the world. Some anticancer treatment efforts have not given the maximum effect so that the necessary research anticancer drugs derived from natural materials. In this study was conducted test to determine the cytotoxic effect extract ethanol sweet potato tubers of purple and orange (Ipomoea batatas L.) on breast cancer cells MCF-7 and class of chemical compound contained in it. Sweet potato tubers of purple and orange extracted by maceration method use ethanol 96%. Extract ethanol sweet potato tubers of purple and oranye was conducted cytotoxic test with MTT method, followed by a qualitative class of chemical compound test by method of TLC (Thin Layer Chromatograpy). The results was obtained by the extraction yield of the extract ethanol sweet potato tubers of purple and orange respectively 20,50 and 20,39%. The results of cytotoxicity assay showed that the extract ethanol tubers of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) has cytotoxic effects that are moderate on breast cancer cells MCF-7 with IC50 value of 141.25 µg/mL. The extract ethanol of orange sweet potato tubers have IC50 value of > 200 µg/mL. TLC qualitative test results obtained most classes of compounds in the sample are flavonoids. Keywords: Ipomoea batatas L. Tuber, MCF-7 , cytotoxic, chemical content


Abstract  The psychosocial aspect of functional gastrointestinal disorders have a long and complicated investigative history. Emerging from the 1930s when the observations of individual investigators and clinicians was the norm we have evolved in the last 25 years to an increasingly sophisticated era of scientific observation using standardized nosology, validated psychometric instruments and have made use of emerging technology such as brain imaging, barostat testing and other technologies. The application of the scientific method to help improve out understanding of the relationship of psychosocial factors as they relate to gastrointestinal illnesses is slowly but surely revolutionizing gastroenterology practice. It is the purpose of this paper to review the history of "Psychosomatic Gastroenterology" to review the dimensions of psychosocial factors as they relate to gastroenterology and to review the emerging technologies which are helping us to develop this knowledge. Finally we will attempt to speculate on where the field will be going in the future.


Winding angle problem of two-dimensional self-avoiding walks (SAWs) on a square lattice is studied intensively by the scanning Monte Carlo simulation at high, theta (Θ), and low-temperatures. The winding angle distribution PN(θ) and the even moments of winding angle are calculated for lengths of SAWs up to N = 300 and compared with the analytical prediction. At the infinite temperature (good solvent regime of linear polymers), PN(θ) is well described by either a Gaussian function or a stretched exponential function which is close to Gaussian, so, it is not incompatible with an analytical prediction that it is a Gaussian function exp[-θ2/ln N] in terms of a variable and that . However, the results for SAWs at Θ and low-temperatures (Θ and bad solvent regime of linear polymers) significantly deviate from this analytical prediction. PN(θ) is then described much better by a stretched exponential function exp[-|θ|α/ln N] and with α = 1.54 and 1.51 which is far from being a Gaussian. We provide a consistent numerical evidence that the winding angle distribution for SAWs at the finite temperatures may not be a Gaussian function but a nontrivial distribution, possibly a stretched exponential function.


Data centres, due to their significant energy use and highly automated IT infrastructure, are excellent candidates to participate in demand response programs. However, the major inconvenience of today's electricity tariffs between energy provider and its customers is their lack of flexibility, which renders demand response programs difficult to realise. In this paper, we propose a new supply demand agreement in order to foster power adaption (i.e. increase/decrease) collaboration between energy provider and data centres. To this end, we introduce contractual terms and based on those we propose reward and penalty schemes. Furthermore, we provide a signalling scheme which defines the communication requirements necessary to enable power adaption collaboration. Finally, we present a scheduling policy which helps the energy provider to request data centres in a fair manner for power adaption.


In this paper, we present an efficient, novel framework for establishing, assessing, and managing trust in inter-organizational relationships, in terms of allowable network sharing, that is based on analyzing an invariance property of a computer network environment. Our goal is to answer the following two questions: (1) From any given host in one network, what level of access, direct or indirect, is implied to each host in another network? This addresses the consequences of connecting two networks on access levels between networks. (2) What are the effects, in terms of access internal to a given network, of connecting to another network? This addresses the consequences of connecting two networks on access levels internal to a given network. Answers to these questions allow an informed business decision to be made as to whether the proposed network sharing should be allowed, and, if so, what the consequences of this network sharing are. We utilize the host-centric model in the design of our model to compactly represent and efficiently analyze the access graphs of shared network environments. We present an efficient algorithm for computing the highest achievable accesses between host pairs that are within a network and that are accessible between the shared networks due to an interconnecting edge. We use the algorithm to assess the consequences of the proposed network sharing accesses.


Irena Vrkljan cites Frantisek Halas, the twentieth-century Czech poet (1901–1949), to head one of the chapters in Marina, im Gegenlicht, a semi-autobiographical novel that combines reflections on her own life story with that of the Russian poet Marina Tsvetayeva (1982–1941). Like Tsvetayeva, with whose itinerant life she expresses an affinity, Vrkljan has lived between cultures, in her case between Croatia and Germany, in a liminal space she associates with a kind of "Nowhere." Born in Belgrade in 1930, she moved with her family to Zagreb in 1941 when the Germans occupied the city. Raised bilingual (her parents had ties to Austria), she refers to "das Blut zwischen zwei Sprachen" (Tochter 6), evoking the fraught political ties between Germany and Croatia during the Second World War (when the latter was a Nazi puppet state) and in the years immediately following, when Tito and the partisans came to power and her father forbade the family to speak German in the home, although the child could hardly comprehend why. Vrkljan went on to study archaeology and Germanistik in Zagreb, and in 1966 she chose to move to Berlin, where she studied at the Film and Television Academy, graduating in 1969. Since that time she has lived half the year in Berlin and the other half in Zagreb. Her earlier writings include several German radio plays, co-authored with her husband, Benno Meyer-Wehlack.1 She has also composed both poetry and prose in German, although the bulk of her work, especially the poetry and, more recently, the detective fiction, has appeared solely in Croatian. Of her autobiographical novels, two were originally written in German and the others in Croatian, although she herself is the sole author of the translations (or, more correctly, reworkings). This autobiographical series is comprised of Tochter zwischen Sud und West (1982, rewritten in Croatian in 1984), Marina, im Gegenlicht (1985, rewritten in German in 1988), Schattenberlin: Aufzeichnungnen einer Fremden (1988, rewritten in German in


Diels-Alder reaction of the enone (I) and the dienes (II) yields the adducts (III), whose structures are established by spectroscopic (1H, 13C NMR) and chemical techniques (aromatization of (IIIa) yields (IV); epimerization of (IIIa)-(IIIc) gives (V)).


. The determination of the inflationary energy scale represents one of the first step towards the understanding of the early Universe physics. The (very mild) non-Gaussian signals that arise from any inflation model carry information about the energy scale of inflation and may leave an imprint in some cosmological observables, for instance on the clustering of high-redshift, rare and massive collapsed structures. In particular, the graviton exchange contribution due to interactions between scalar and tensor fluctuations leaves a specific signature in the four-point function of curvature perturbations, thus on clustering properties of collapsed structures. We compute the contribution of graviton exchange on two- and three-point function of halos, showing that at large scales k ∼ 10 − 3 Mpc − 1 its magnitude is comparable or larger to that of other primordial non-Gaussian signals discussed in the literature. This provides a potential route to probe the existence of tensor fluctuations which is alternative and highly complementary to B-mode polarisation measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Folded and Orthogonal templates appear in the mixed term. Different values of f NL correspond to vertically scaling the Equilateral, Folded, Orthogonal templates.


—The present paper reports the result of studies undertaken to determine the effects of the in vivo administration of Δ9-THC on the ganglioside and sialoglycoprotein contents of rat brain subcellular fractions. Results indicate that the administration of the drug under both acute and chronic conditions brings about characteristic changes in the sialoglycoproteins and ganglioside content in all the subcellular fractions. Both sialoglycoproteins and ganglioside contents were markedly increased in microsomal and synaptosomal fractions and decreased in the mitochondrial fractions although the increase in the synaptosomal fractions has been found to be most striking.

After chronic treatment, both ganglioside and sialoglycoprotein content did not change substantially in all the fractions except for a small increase in case of synaptosomal fractions.


The texture of silica gel was modified considerably by soaking in aqueovis ammonium hydroxide solutions. Immersion was carried out at pH values of 9, 10, 11 and 12, and at temperatures of 50—85 °C. Invariably a decrease in surface area, and an increase in primary particle size and mean pore radius resulted from immersion for longer durations, at higher temperatures, or in higher pH solutions. Hydrothermal treatment, in aqueous NH4OH at pH 10 and 11, and at 150°C, resulted in drastic changes in surface area, particle diameter, and mean pore radius. In all cases, a very small increase in the total pore volume was brought about by the aqueous treatment. The results are explained in the light of the solubility and surface structure of silica gel. Large modifications at higher pH values and/or high temperatures are attributed to the enhanced solubility of silica gel due to the formation of polysilicic ions in solution, and their subsequent condensation.


With the high-rise of the cost of gold, more and more companies in the electronics industry are interested in using Ag to improve the contact conductivity by covering the copper connectors with a layer of Ag. But the inferior anti-corrosion property of Ag compared with gold is the biggest obstacles for its wide application. Three kinds of thiols (two alkane thiols: 1-octanethiol and 1-dodecanethiol, and one heterocyclic thiol:2-mercaptobenzothiazol) are used here to form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Ag plates to serve as anticorrosion barrier. Reflectance and electrochemical data were obtained to confirm the Aganti-corrosion capability of the thiol SAMs. Microscope images of Ag surface before and after salt spray confirms the protection of the thiol SAM on Ag surface. The electrochemical cyclic voltammetry data shows that the defects level of 1-dodecanethiol SAM is the lowest among the three thiols for protecting Ag surface. Since the appearance is determined by both the illumination and reflectance of objects, the reflectance data of Ag plates with alkane thiol SAM was obtained to confirm that SAM does not affect the appearance on Ag plate. The reflectance of Ag plates after salt spray for 9 days also confirmed the better performance of 1-dodecanethiol SAM.


Based on the analysis of oxygen and cqrbon data,it is found that there are clear stage changes at oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of foraminiferal crusts in HY126EA1 hole.Compared with oxygen isotopic composition of deep sea,the change of oxygen isotopic composition can be divided into five periods,which correspond to the deglaciation,the last glacial maximum,the interglacial stage of last glacial age,late last glacial age,and the last interglacial period, respectively.the change of carbon isotopic composition is almost the same as that of oxygen's.According to the correlation analysis of δ 18 Oand δ 13 C,obvious difference in different oxygen isotopic periods can be seen,which indicates the diference of exchange of water body at different periods.


Given the digitalization of modern society and the way a child acquires musical experiences, practitioners are expected to apply various media in everyday educational praxis. The theoretical framework of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) is an approach that connects the knowledge of educators with Information and Communications Technology (ICT), concurrently developing technology-supported pedagogical knowledge and integration of technology into education. The paper aims to investigate educators' self-assessment of their digital competencies and their implementation in musical activities with preschool children. The respondents are full-time and part-time graduate students of the Early Childhood and Preschool Education study program from faculties of teacher education in Croatia. The obtained results indicate that 91,1 % of respondents didn't have any formal ICT education while 59,5 % didn't have any additional type of music education except during their studies. Nevertheless, the greatest knowledge participants have shown on the competencies for using digital tools (CFUDT) scale succeeded by a technological knowledge (TK) scale of the adapted TPACK-TCCMA survey, thus the respondents rated their digital and ICT competencies exceedingly high unlike music and pedagogical competencies. Considering the results obtained, it can be concluded that additional attention should be given to the development of digital, music, and pedagogical competencies during studies that will be applicable in both music and other areas of education.


Calculations of Raman scattering intensities in spin 1/2 square-lattice Heisenberg model, using the Fleury-Loudon-Elliott theory, have so far been unable to describe the broad line shape and asymmetry of the two magnon peak found experimentally in the cuprate materials. Even more notably, the polarization selection rules are violated with respect to the Fleury-Loudon-Elliott theory. There is comparable scattering in $B_{1g}$ and $A_{1g}$ geometries, whereas the theory would predict scattering in only $B_{1g}$ geometry. We review various suggestions for this discrepency and suggest that at least part of the problem can be addressed by modifying the effective Raman Hamiltonian, allowing for two-magnon states with arbitrary total momentum. Such an approach based on the Sawatzsky-Lorenzana theory of optical absorption assumes an important role of phonons as momentum sinks. It leaves the low energy physics of the Heisenberg model unchanged but substantially alters the Raman line-shape and selection rules, bringing the results closer to experiments.


A review of party-related articles in major political science journals over the past century reveals an increase in the incidence of such articles during the behavioral revolution and a decline in the proportion of studies that view parties holistically or in their organizational aspects and an increase in research on mass and legislative behavior. The essay calls for scholars of American parties to merge empirical findings with the generalist and normative concerns of an earlier age, to assess the recent advent of parties as ideologically focused instruments of policymaking.


myositis and skin abscesses presenting as IRS in a patient receiving HAART. There were previous single reports of MAC pyomyositis [5] and MAC skin abscesses [6] in patients with AIDS during the era before HAART. Of interest, however, in both of these earlier reports, the unusual clinical presentations developed shortly after the patients had started zidovudine monotherapy. We speculate that these may have been due to IRS that was not recognized in the pre-HAART era.


The A34 Newbury Bypass is quite a famous road. It was the site of the largest demonstration against road building of the nineteen nineties. Last year the Highways Agency published an evaluation of the effects of the bypass, five years after the road opened. Traffic on the new road has turned out to be as much as twice the forecast level. This outcome has implications for road planning and transport modelling.


The invention relates to an elevator-monitoring system. The elevator-monitoring system comprises a monitoring switchboard, a communication controller and an elevator controller, wherein the monitoring switchboard is connected with the communication controller through a telephone network; the communication controller is connected with the elevator controller; the elevator controller transmits acquired elevator information to the communication controller; and the communication controller transmits the elevator information to the monitoring switchboard through the telephone network. The monitoring switchboard is connected with the telephone network through a modem; the communication controller is connected with the telephone network through the modem; and the communication controller is connected with the elevator controller through a bus. Therefore, the elevator-monitoring system makes real-time remote monitoring of a faulted elevator possible and has a good monitoring effect.


ABSTRACT A major constraint in the microalgal technology is the economics involved in cultivation and harvesting. This work is focussed on the optimization of nutrients for cultivation and harvesting using 'Scenedesmus sp'. Response surface methodology (RSM) using 'Face centered central composite design' (FCCD) available in Design expert 10.0.4 was used to develop the regression model for optimization of nutrients and flocculation conditions. The optimum nutrient conditions were 500 ppm of urea, 250 ppm of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1000 ppm of potassium hydrogen carbonate under artificial light conditions and 500 ppm of urea and 2000 ppm of potassium hydrogen carbonate under sunlight conditions. The optimum conditions were predicted using the model and compared with experimental data. The model has an R2 value of 0.9769 and 0.9798 for artificial light and sunlight conditions, respectively. In the case of harvesting studies, 98% flocculation efficiency was obtained for a combination of pH 10.4, temperature 45°C, 200 mg/l of leaf powder of Cassia auriculata. The model has an R2 value of 0.9989. The present studies indicated that cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. with the optimized nutrients and harvesting conditions facilitate a platform for energy efficient mass cultivation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


—Mobile apps have profoundly reshaped modern lifestyles in different aspects. Several concerns are naturally raised about the privacy risk of mobile apps. Despite the prevalence of encrypted communication, app fingerprinting (AF) attacks still pose a serious threat to users' online privacy. However, existing AF attacks are usually hampered by four challenging issues, namely i) hidden destination, ii) invisible boundary, iii) app multiplexing, and iv) open-world recognition, when they are applied to wireless traffic. None of existing AF attacks can address all these challenges. In this paper, we advance a novel AF attack, dubbed P ACKET P RINT , to recognize user activities associated with the app of interest from encrypted wireless traffic and tackle the above challenges by proposing two novel models, i.e., sequential XGBoost and hierarchical bag-of-words model. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the proposed attack in a series of challenging scenarios, including i) open-world setting, ii) packet loss and network congestion, iii) simultaneous use of different apps, and iv) cross-dataset recognition. The experimental results show that P ACKET P RINT can accurately recognize user activities associated with the apps of interest. It achieves the average F1-score 0 . 884 for open-world app recognition and the average F1-score 0 . 959 for in-app user action recognition.


![Figure][1]

A bearded dragon before and after changing colour. Photo credit: Adam Elliot.

Blushing and suntanning (or sunburning) are probably the best we can hope for on a spectrum of natural skin tone change; but imagine having access to a whole palette of colours that you could change


Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental contaminants which are formed during combustion of organic material such as coal, petroleum compounds and meat. Other sources of PAHs include automobile exhaust, coal tar and crude oil. Natural sources of PAHs include volcanoes, forest fires. Some PAHs are known to be carcinogenic and toxic. They are available to aquatic organisms such as fishes through contaminated sediments and other marine organisms. Due to their toxicity, it is essential to study and monitor PAHs in the environment. In this study, the QuEChERS extraction method was developed and optimised for the extraction of 5 PAHs (Naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene). The optimised parameters were the extraction speed, extraction time, volume of solvent, type of solvent, the mass of salt (MgSO4), the mass of fish used for extraction, mass of sorbent (PSA) and the type of sorbent used. After optimisation, the optimised QuEChERS extraction method was then compared to the Soxhlet extraction method. Firstly by spiking with different concentration and comparing the recoveries. Recoveries obtained where similar, this shows that the QuEChERS method is efficient for extraction of PAHs. The optimised QuEChERS extraction method and Soxhlet extraction were applied for analysis of PAHs in real fish samples. Fish samples were obtained from two dams, Jericho dam in Mpumalanga and Hartbeespoort dam in Gauteng. The result obtained for both extraction method were compared. The concentration of PAHs obtained for both methods were similar. Naphthalene was not detected in Hartbeespoort dam. The concentration of PAHs in Hartbeespoort and Jericho dam using QuEChERS extraction method range from 0.8 μg/kg to 739 μg/kg and 0.8 μg/kg to 7.4 μg/kg respectively. Acenaphthene and phenanathrene were not detected in all fish sample from Jericho dam, while pyrene was not detected in some of the fish samples from Jericho dam. Application of Soxhlet extraction to real sample gave concentration ranging from 1.9 μg/kg to 908 μg/kg for Hartbeespoort dam and 1.2 μg/kg to 18.7 μg/kg for Jericho dam. High concentration of PAHs was obtained from Hartbeespoort dam.


This study examines how the value of residential land and structures evolved during the great housing boom and bust, using data on more than a million residential properties that were sold in 10 metropolitan areas between 1998 and 2009. We use a hedonic estimator to disentangle the market value of land and structures at a local (Census tract) level. Our estimates reveal substantial heterogeneity in the evolution of the market value of land and structures within metropolitan areas. Surprisingly, lowervalue land at the urban fringes of metropolitan areas was the most volatile during the boom-bust. (JEL R14, R21)


Traumatic abdominal wall herniation, especially of the groin region, is a rare condition and typically results from a high-energy trauma to the abdominal wall. We report a fatal case of a road-traffic collision involving a young male motorcyclist who collided with a speeding lorry. The victim sustained multiple injuries over the chest and abdomen, with traumatic inguinal herniation causing gross distension of the scrotum. At autopsy, multiple lacerations of thoracic and abdominal organs were seen, along with traumatic disruption of the right inguinal canal. The contused terminal ileum was present in the scrotal sac. A literature search has revealed a limited number of reported cases of gross inguinal herniation following thoracoabdominal trauma. In cases of high-energy trauma to the thoraco-abdominal region with unilateral or bilateral distension of the scrotum, the possibility of herniation of the abdominal contents into the scrotal sac should be considered by the forensic pathologist.


A steady-state analysis of the parallel-resonant converter is presented using a novel frequency-domain model. Various circuit variables are determined by simple expressions for both the frequency and the phase control techniques, simplifying the steady-state analysis. The existence of a multiple conduction mode is pointed out. The variations of output voltage, turn-off time, output power, and converter efficiency are studied. >


The article describes the approach to the concept of the region as a boundary that separates Europe and Asia as a cultural and civilizational context. Analyzed physical-geographical and ethnological, historical and cultural factors suggest that the Podillya have node formation at the turn of cultures "forest-steppe", creating a kind of "membrane" for the migration, ethnocultural landscape of forming a regional level.


Compton scattering techniques for the measurement of the transverse beam size of particle beams at future linear colliders (FLC) are proposed. At several locations of the beam delivery system (BDS) of the FLC, beam spot sizes ranging from several hundreds to a few micrometers have to be measured. This is necessary to verify beam optics, to obtain the transverse beam emittance, and to achieve the highest possible luminosity. The large demagnification of the beam in the BDS and the high beam power puts extreme conditions on any measuring device. With conventional techniques at their operational limit in FLC scenarios, new methods for the detection of the transverse beam size have to be developed. For this laser based techniques are proposed capable of measuring high power beams with sizes in the micrometer range. In this paper general aspects and critical issues of a generic device are outlined and specific solutions proposed. Plans to install a laser wire experiment at an accelerator test facility are presented.


As discussed in the introduction to this issue, the term 'underclass' (Wilson, 1987; Ricketts and Sawhill, 1988) and its relationship to the 1960s concept of 'culture of poverty' has been a source of controversy (Jones, Maxwell, this issue). William Julius Wilson, a widely recognized sociologist, at first used the term, but has since abandoned 'underclass' and now refers to the 'urban poor'. However, we still need to reconceptualize the urban poor, in order to avoid implying an illusory separation between poor and not poor. An emphasis on separateness obscures rather than illuminates analysis of the dynamic processes of capitalism (Vincent, this issue). Whereas terms such as 'underclass' emphasize the social isolation of poor people, they neglect the institutional connections that bind members


Heart failure (HF) is a chronic heart condition that increases mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a noninvasive and straightforward diagnostic tool that can reveal detectable changes in HF. Because of their small amplitude and duration, these changes can be subtle and potentially misclassified during manual interpretation or when analyzed by clinicians. This paper reports a 7 -layer deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model for HF automatic detection. The proposed CNN model requires only minimal pre-processing of ECG signals and does not require any engineered features. The model is trained and tested using an unbalanced and a balanced datasets extracted from the MIT-BIH and the BIDMC databases, achieving an accuracy of 99.73%, a sensitivity of 99.58%, and a specificity of 99.83% when the dataset is unbalanced and an accuracy of 99.26%, a sensitivity of 99.37%, and a specificity of 99.12% when the dataset is balanced.


Objective To summarize the surgical experiences for treating severe hepatic trauma. Methods The clinical data including injury degree,operative type,effects and postoperative complications of 24 patients with severe hepatic trauma from January 2003 to May 2008,were retrospectively studied. Results There were 14 cases in grade Ⅲ,7 cases in grade IV and 3 cases in grade V in the hepatic traumatic patients.Among them,4 cases underwent simple suturing,7 cases accepted suturing and tamponing with greater omentum,3 cases were filled up with gelatin sponge,2 cases tamponade with gauze,6 cases treated with non-anatomical hepatic segmentectomy,and two cases with anatomical hepatic segmentectomy.Twenty cases were cured and 4 cases died.Among the died cases,2 died from hemorrhage,one from craniocerebral trauma and one from multiple organ failure.The overall mortality was 16.67%.Operative complication occurred in 33.33% of the patients,including 2 cases of re-bleeding,2 cases of infra-diaphragmatic infection,one bile leakage,one hepatic abscess,one stress ulcer and one with acute renal failure. Conclusion The effective preventive measures to decrease mortality in patients with severe hepatic trauma include early remedy to hemorrhagic shock,effective methods to stop bleeding,complete abdominal drainage and prevention of postoperative complications.


About a year ago, BASF quietly set up a small business incubator in the town of Mannheim, just across the Rhine River from its headquarters and main chemical facility in Ludwigshafen, Germany. Like other chemical firms, BASF invests in start-ups—often through participation in venture capital funds—to gain insight into new technologies vital to its business interests. Also like others, the iconic chemical maker supports third-party-operated incubators that are open to, for instance, clean-technology entrepreneurs. The Mannheim incubator, though, is different. Called Chemovator and based in a renovated brick building in an industrial zone, it supports entrepreneurial employees plucked from BASF's own labs and business operations. A separate but related venture is trinamiX, a wholly owned BASF spin-off that makes scientific instruments. For the big chemical firm, trinamiX and the incubator are experiments to see if it can tap the creativity of its employees to enter new businesses or create lucrative


The invention relates to a device and a method for determining relative displacements of body parts or body areas, with a transmitter (2) and a sensor (4) associated with the transmitter (2), wherein at least one shadowing device (6), which is displaceable relative to the sensor (4) and/or the transmitter (2) and is fixed to at least one body part or body area, is arranged between the transmitter (2) and the sensor (4).


The Nganta Kincauw tradition is the tradition of delivering ingredients for cooking during weddings. These cooking ingredients are called kincauw. Kincauw is like jackfruit, coconut, onions, and other cooking ingredients. Nganta Kincauw is performed one night before the wedding party is held by the man who will carry out the marriage and the kincauw is delivered to the woman who will carry out the marriage. This Nganta Kincauw is done by walking and parading from the house of the groom to the house of the bride. This study aims to describe the implementation process of Nganta Kincauw, analyze the values and meanings contained in the Nganta Kincauw tradition, and analyze why the Nganta Kincauw tradition is still maintained by the people of Pancuran Tiga village. This research should serve as information material for all parties in the context of preserving the culture of the Kerinci area. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. This research was conducted in Pancuran Tiga Village. The research informants consisted of traditional leaders, namely the Elders, Niniek Mamak, Former Depati Niniek Mamak, Village Heads, and the General Public who had experience and knew a lot about Nganta Kincauw. The average age characteristics of the informants in this study were 30 years and over with a total of 24 people. Data collection techniques by means of observation and in-depth interviews and documentation study. Meanwhile, data analysis used in this study is to use Spradley analysis. From the research results, it was found that the Nganta Kincauw Tradition in Pancuran Tiga Village was carried out through a series of processes, starting from the preparation, implementation and final stages of Nganta Kincauw. The Nganta Kincauw tradition is still carried out and exists today in Pancuran Tiga Village, Keliling Danau District, Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province due to the awareness of the community to maintain and preserve this tradition by socializing the values contained in the Nganta Kincauw tradition and instilling those values. These values in people's daily lives, and also in the Nganta Kincauw tradition, contain values of kinship, social solidarity, respect and entertainment.


Investigations on variety resources of vegetables in Yunnan Province reveal that there are 34 species (including varieties,strains) of invaluable and scarce vegetables under 21 genera belonging to 12 families.Of which woody vegetables cover 3 species under 3 genera in 2 families,and herbaceous vegetables have 31 species under 19 genera in 11 families.This paper discusses the characteristics,distribution,present status of development and utilization,and existing problems of the above\|mentioned vegetables, suggestions on their future exploitation and utilization are put forward.


This article updates the evidence found by Ortiz et al. (2010) in the Spanish stock market. Our results provide a lack of significant return anomalies around the first three quarter ends of the year, which questions the role of window dressing in these return patterns. Nevertheless, the results confirm a significant turn-of-the-year effect for small-cap stocks with poor return records, which may be consistent with the tax-loss selling hypothesis despite the wash sales regulation. Using a new approach, we find that this January effect is a widespread sector anomaly. Finally, the turn-of-the-year anomaly definitively exceeds the first trading days for the small-cap stocks.


The present invention incorporating, specifically, the RF modulation implies a wireless interface function using an RF subalsin features and IR modulated subalsin capable of remote control module relates to a home automation system and method using the IR and RF integrated remote control module, IR and an RF integrated remote control module, a groove is arranged at least one to a predetermined position of the automation domain, IR and RF integrated remote control interface for controlling the module function and the wired or wireless Internet at the set-top box that can perform the connection function IR and RF integrated remote control module control is placed in a position, set top box TCP / by using the IP receives a variety of control and control commands through an Internet network by controlling the IR and RF integrated remote control module of the prior art for home automation using the RF modulation scheme IR subalsin way Add any number of various devices or a new use of an RF module installed This product relates to any number, even if additional IR transmission system and RF transmission systems integrated automation management and control in both directions may be possible to configure a home automation system, the most economical and convenient system and method for.


Background: Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare hyper-inflammatory disorder caused by benign systemic overgrowth of macrophages in the reticulo-endothelial system leading to cytokine storm. The main features of HLH are; fever, splenomegaly, bi/pancytopenia; hyper-ferritinemia, hyper-triglyceridemia and hypo-fibrinogenemia; which if not diagnosed and early treated progresses to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), multi-organ dysfunction with dismal outcome. Hepatic manifestations are not well recognized primary presentation in pediatric patients with HLH. This presentation mandates high levels of suspicious for early diagnosis. Aims: Aims: To study the clinical, laboratory, and pathological hepatic manifestations in patients with HLH at diagnosis and upon reactivation. Methods: Methods: A 6 month retrospective cohort study included 35 patients with genetically confirmed HLH divided into familial HLH by its types, X linked lymphoproliferative syndrome and HLH with partial albinism; following at pediatric hematology/oncology clinic, Ain Shams University. In the studied patients, detailed review of patient's clinical, laboratory data of HLH, hepatic transaminases and synthetic liver functions were done at time of presentation, at week 2, 8 from treatment start and at time of reactivation; Liver biopsy results and genetic analysis were recorded. Biochemical liver involvement was considered when alanine aminotransferase was 3 or more the upper level of normal value at presentation. Overall and reactivation free survival were analyzed according to liver involvement. Results: Results: Thirty five patients with HLH were recruited with age range of 2-108


The results of X-ray diffraction analysis at low temperatures for bismuth-based high-Tc oxide superconductors are reported in this letter. There is no significant structural phase transition during superconducting transition. However, it appears that the cell parameters change anomalously before superconducting transition. This anomalous change in cell parameters is repeated for different bismuth-based high-Tc oxide superconductors.


The Directors considered an Inspector's Report from the Office of Climate, Licensing & Resource Use concerning this licence application which highlighted issues relating to the modelling of air emissions from the facility. The Inspector recommended that the Agency contact Arrabawn Cooperative Society Ltd, requesting a response within one month, giving a hrther opportunity to the company to propose add!itional measures to further reduce the impact of the air emissions from the site in the short term (i.e. within 2-3 months) and that a definitive plan be drawn iup to ensure that the site is compliant with the Air Quality Standards by the end of the year. The Inspector further suggested that the Agency may wish to consider initiating powers under Article 22 of the EPA Licensing Regulations (1994-2004) to have ambient air monitoring carried out as well as an independent dispersion modelling study by an independent consultant. P. Nolan and I. Marnane from the Licensing Unit provided technical details on the issues involved. Inspector's Report The Directors noted the Inspector's Report. Following discussion, the Directors approved the recommendations contained in the Inspector's Report and agreed that the Licensing Unit should meet with senior management of Arrabawn Cooperative Society Ltd as soon as is practicable to emphasise the urgency of the work required, including a requirement to carry out ambient air monitoring during the current milk season. The Directors further agreed to consider independent dispersion modelling by an independent consultant


A summary management practices is given of the Western Qinling gold mine stope mining ore dilution ratio and mining loss rate is given,the impact of various factors in the two rates is analyzed,to take effective measures can reduce the two rates of stope indicators.


Kansas City, MO-The combination of endoscopic medial wall and floor and transcutaneous lateral orbital decompression used to treat Graves' orbitopathy has a low risk of morbidity, but may not result in as much anatomic retropulsion of the globe as other methods, according to W. Abraham White, a medical student at the University of Missouri-Kansas, Kansas City, MO. White presented an analysis of results achieved by one otolaryngologist and one ophthalmologist using this method.


Abstract We discuss the use of smectic C liquidcristal materials for implementing programmable computer generated holograms. Our main emphasize is the realisation of versatile and high diffraction efficiency devices with programmability capability. Two types of liquid cristal materials are investigated: SmC*, with 22.5° and 43° tilt angles. Their respective ability to perform pure phase modulation and to optimise the diffraction efficiency are discussed. Furthermore, particular interest is given to the serial combination of fixed and programmable holograms. We limit our investigation to two diffractive elements which may be neither in contact nor imaged. Using the fractional Talbot effect, we show that particular configurations, where the first hologram is diffracted onto the second, are of much interest.


ABSTRACT Nineteenth-century France was characterised by theoretical and fictional speculations about planet management, climate change, and anthropogenic power. In this context, Verne's novels strike us as more contemporary than ever. The purpose of his Sans dessus dessous (1889) is a scalar critique that highlights the catastrophic potential of engineering Earth: When terraforming is premised upon extraplanetary sight, it becomes an objectifying instance of 'anthropoforming' that mechanically forms Earth in the image of mankind. Reading Sans dessus dessous today evaluates the historical specificity of terraforming while illuminating how ecological crises become the opportune moment for privatising the engineering of Earth.


Based on queuing theory, we develop an analytical approximation for low and high priority packet delays in a spatial reuse protocol (SRP) ring. SRP is a MAC layer protocol for ring based media (e.g., optical rings) that can carry IP and ATM client (prioritized) traffic (see Tsiang, D. and Suwala, G., "The Cisco SRP MAC Layer Protocol", RFC 2892, 2000). This protocol is one basis for the evolution of the currently standardized resilient packet ring, IEEE 802.17 (see http://www.ieee802.org/rprsg/). We develop approximative formulae for the transfer delay on a SRP ring and determine the maximum network throughputs for a traffic pattern. The formulae are instrumental in performance considerations and in quasi-validations of simulators.


Background: The clinical value of inflammatory biomarkers is still questionable. Aim of the Work: The aim of this study is to compare the clinical informative value of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma concentration in the early detection of sepsis, as well as relating these biomarkers to other scoring systems. Patients and Methods: A total of 138 patients were enrolled in our study. All were subjected to PCT, CRP, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores daily for 7 days (starting from admission day). Blood samples were collected before starting antibiotics, with 28 days follow-up and patients were assigned to three groups: Group I: SOFA 2-7, Group II: SOFA 8-10, and Group III: SOFA ≥11. Results: Underlying clinical diagnosis revealed pneumonia in 72 patients, urinary tract infections in eight, bloodstream infection in four, and other infections in 23, while infection could not be traced in 25 patients. The mean PCT was 3 ng/ml (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1-4), 12 ng/ml (95% CI: 9.1-14), and 19 ng/ml (95% CI: 16.3-22.3) in Groups I, II, and III, respectively, with a statistically significant difference in the mean PCT level among the three groups (P < 0.0001). On the other hand, CRP mean level did not significantly differentiate between the groups (147.1 mg/L in Group II, which was even higher than the level of Group III, 138.4 mg/L). Conclusion: PCT seems to do better than CRP in predicting the SOFA groups, giving its patronage display over a wide spectrum of insults.


A map of North America, shows reefs, expedition routes, locations of Indian nations and Indian villages, and geological formations of sandstone, limestone, coal, and rock salt. Prime meridians: Greenwich and Washington. Date from map. Does not include all of Canada or Mexico.


The decomposition rates of isobutane and n-butane in the falloff regime at high temperatures were studied in a shock tube using UV narrow-line laser absorption of CH3 at 216.6 nm. Experimental conditions ranged from 1297 to 1601 K and 0.20 to 8.8 atm with mixtures varying in concentration from 198 to 400 ppm of isobutane or n-butane diluted in argon. Decomposition rate coefficients were determined by monitoring the formation rate of CH3 immediately behind shock waves and modeling the CH3 formation with detailed kinetic mechanisms. Calculations were performed using RRKM/master equation analysis with a restricted (hindered) Gorin model for the transition state and fit to the experimental data. The rate coefficient for isobutane decomposition, i-C4H10 → CH3 + i-C3H7, from 1320 to 1560 K can be described, using the Troe pressure-broadening formulation, by k∞,1(T) = 4.83 × 1016 exp(−402 10 K/T) s-1, k0,1(T) = 2.41 × 1019 exp(−264 60 K/T) cm3 mol-1 s-1, and Fcent,1(T) = 0.75 exp(−T/750 K). n-Butane decomposes v...


How do we make sense of the basic claims present in most Christian worship? We hold up bread and a cup and say, ''The body and blood of Christ.'' We read some words from a text and proclaim, ''The word of God.'' Seldom does anyone object at these odd moments. No one says, ''That is neither body nor blood; it is bread and wine.'' Or, ''Why are you trying to pull a fast one? That was not God's word, it was yours!'' These would be reasonable retorts, but I have never heard them voiced in a worship service, even one where theologians and philosophers are present. In fact, we seem to know how to go on, what to do next. We do not ask philosophical questions; we humble ourselves and receive the host or give thanks for the word. Will it always be so? Will there come a time when we find it too laughable, too outlandish to engage in such practices? If so, it will most likely not be because we lost the proper relation between language, truth, theology, and metaphysics. Nevertheless, thinking about what these basic worship practices say about these philosophical concerns might help us understand what it is we are doing when we find ourselves consenting to such odd claims, and help us to negotiate between some conflicting contemporary trends in theology. It is a necessary exercise in fides quaerens intellectum. Contemporary theology is moving in two different directions, both of which I find troubling because I don't think they need to be different directions. One direction emphasizes context. It celebrates hermeneutics, the linguistic turn, culture, and a historicism that eschews metaphysics. Theology is not about universal truth (is there any other kind?), but about context, about what our=their use of God-language means for us=them, and no one can determine or critique another's use. This trend is based on a peculiar philosophy of language, a certain version of the linguistic turn in philosophy. Because all our knowledge is linguistically mediated, so the argument goes, we know the limits to our knowledge. The limits of language are the limits of knowledge. This claim is then used to relativize, deconstruct, minimize, or possibly even deflate, universal claims to truth. Here our worship makes no metaphysical claims. It is only about us, our community, our context. A second direction reacts against this, often finding in the first direction a fideism where reason becomes reduced to some community's use


Perfecting the system of property right to land is the basis for sound development of land market. The paper suggests separating transfer functions of state-run land from the land management departments and establishing independent management sector to state-run land government.That is the ownership of rural group's land belongs to villages' group-run organizations or town-level group's economic organizations. Establishing a sound function system of land and clarifying property rights including ownership, right to use, right to mortgage, and right to develop land, are all needed to think over. Adopting a unified registration and alteration to ownership of land will be of great importance.


Aim To observe the possible molecular mechanisms of Qibudan against tuberculosis infection.Methods U937 cells infected with H37Ra strain of Mycobacterium were treated with baicalin,tuberostemonine and salvianolate.Then the expression of TLR2 was analysed by Realtime PCR and FACS.Results After infected with H37Ra,the expression of TLR2 in U937 cells was reduced significantly in mRNA level.Similar result was obtained in the protein expression of TLR2.When added baicalin,tuberostemonine and salvianolate,the mRNA was found and protein expressions of TLR2 were all increased to normal.Conclusion Qibudan can up-regulate the expression of TLR2,which suggests that regulation of TLR2 can be one of the mechanisms of Qibudan against tuberculosis infection.