We have designed a visual flight guidance system that enables manual control of aircraft operations in degraded visual environments down to Cat III, both for take-off and landing. This has been achieved by means of visual guidance cues displayed on a head up display (HUD) and whereas this is not in itself novel, our development methods and approach to verifying its operation we believe are. In order to certify the system as airworthy, compliance with the relevant airworthiness standards defined in 14 CFR part 21 and other related guidance material, needs to be demonstrated. Demonstrating compliance by actually flying the aircraft a statistically appropriate number of times is prohibitively expensive. The challenge in this case was to harmonize existing flight guidance algorithms with a faithful aero model of a new airframe and to demonstrate their effectiveness in a manner that was economically viable. To achieve this, we constructed a Digital Simulation and Verification Environment (DSVE) that hosted a Digital Twin (DT) of the system such that its operation in real conditions could be accurately predicted. Paul Wisely's paper is being published without an associated oral presentation because he passed away on 18 March, 2021 after a long illness. Paul Wisely was a member of SPIE since 2006 and a senior member since 2011. He won SPIE's "Best Paper" award two years running, 2009 and 2010, for papers presented to the Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics III & IV conferences. Paul will be sadly missed by the many SPIE colleagues who knew him.


ABSTRACT Considering the popularity and particularity of basketball, the athletes face a potential "Sport Commitment Crisis" due to immense pressures from academics, training, employment, and college. To date, research in sports has demonstrated the relationship between coach trust and sport commitment; however, the relationship among teammates is yet to be explored. We examined whether teammate trust is related to commitment and if prosocial and antisocial behaviors mediate these relationships. Right before a game, the college basketball players (N = 570) were asked to complete a multi-section questionnaire measuring the aforementioned variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that athletes' perceptions of their teammates' trust were positively related to their sport commitment, and these relationships were mediated by teammate prosocial behavior. In contrast, antisocial behavior did not affect their relationship. The findings suggest that teammate trust could facilitate sport commitment in athletes, which could occur via prosocial behavior. Highlights Current college athletes face multiple pressures such as academics, sports training, and future employment, which cause their continuous participation in sports training and competitions to be shaken, resulting in a decline in sport commitment. This study starts from the perspective of team atmosphere and peer behavior, and selects college basketball players on a large scale in China, because basketball is popular among Chinese college students and has brought greater social attention. In the process of playing basketball, the interaction between members is high, and the emotional factor with teammates is even more important. Therefore, the choice of research participants is also one of the advantages of this paper. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Fig. 3 shows an observation from January 8, 2008 (solid black) and as comparison the data from Gandorfer's atlas (dotted), both taken at the solar north pole. The colored lines are model fits for different magnetic field strengths. The best fit is about 15 G. We have initiated a synoptic program at the Istituto Ricerche Solari Locarno (IRSOL) to observe variations of the turbulent magnetic field with the solar cycle. Our main target are C2 molecular lines at 5141 Å which are excellent for employing the differential Hanle effect to determine the strength of the turbulent magnetic field (see Berdyugina & Fluri 2004). These lines are monitored about twice per month at five position angles around the solar limb (N, NW, W, SW, S) at μ=0.1. Several other lines, for example the Cr I triplet at 5206 Å, have also been chosen for our observations. This is the first systematic study of temporal variations of the second solar spectrum, and we have already noticed significant differences between single measurements taken at the solar maximum and minimum. We present a description of the synoptic program and first observations. Abstract


Catalase activities were measured and compared in liver, kidney, heart, and lung of American Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens complex). The order of activities was found to be liver greater than kidney greater than heart approximately lung. The liver enzyme was found to be inhibited by aminotriazole, cyanide, and azide and appears to peroxidatively oxidize ethanol.


Objective To analyze the characteristics and diagnostic value of ultrasonic imaging in the diagnosis of uterine muscle disease. Methods Select our hospital in March 2010 to May 2015 of 60 cases of adenomyosis patients as the research object, respectively,using by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound and transabdominal color Doppler ultrasound examination, analysis of ultrasound imaging characteristics and ultrasonic diagnosis application value. Results The transvaginal ultrasound examination found 58 cases of patients with uterine enlargement and abdominal ultrasound findings of 34 cases of patients with uterine enlargement; transvaginal ultrasound examination confirmed the diagnosis of uterine gland muscle disease in 53 cases. The diagnostic accordance rate was 88.3%, abdominal ultrasound examination confirmed the diagnosis of uterine gland muscle disease 40 cases, the diagnostic accordance rate was 66.7%, the difference was statistically significant(P0.05);by transvaginal ultrasound and abdominal ultrasound diagnosed with uterine fibroids were 11 cases.The diagnostic accordance rate of 84.6%; by transvaginal ultrasonography diagnosis and uterus cyst 23 cases, diagnosis coincidence rate 92.0%, abdominal ultrasound examination confirmed the diagnosis of 19 cases. The diagnostic accordance rate of76.0%, there was no significant difference(P0.05). Conclusion The ultrasonographic examination of the uterine adenomyosis has obvious characteristics, including transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound for uterine adenomyosis check can to eliminate the interference of an intestinal gas and obtain clear 2-D images and clinical diagnosis of uterine adenomyosis provides an important reference.


A low-momentum ceiling-based ventilation concept is compared to dashboard ventilation in a full-scale generic car cabin (GCC).The dimensions of the cabin correspond to the interior of a typical mid-size car. To provide different boundary conditions, representing winter and summer, the GCC is equipped with a jacket cooling/heating. Thermal manikins simulate the heat release and the obstruction of passengers. With the objective to verify the thermal comfort and the global heat transport characteristics in the GCC, the velocities as well as the air and surface temperatures are recorded. In the present study, the cooling and heating dynamics of the low-momentum ceiling ventilation are examined and compared to a simplified dashboard ventilation with regard to thermal comfort and heating/cooling efficiency. It is found that the cooling and heating dynamics of the low-momentum ventilation differ significantly in comparison with the dashboard ventilation. Overall the low-momentum ceiling offers several benefits regarding the thermal comfort and efficiency.


During the 1980s, Garden City, Kansas, grew by onethird, and its minority population, composed primarily of new immigrants from Latin America and Southeast Asia, doubled, thanks to the opening of two massive beefpacking plants at the beginning of the decade. From 1987 to 1990, five anthropologists and a social geographer investigated relations between new immigrants and established residents in Garden City. They published their initial findings in a special issue of the journal URBAN ANTHROPOLOGY in 1990. In July 2000, an anthropologist and a geographer from that team conducted a rapid appraisal of changes in the community during the 1990s. Earlier studies have suggested that problems associated with rapid growth diminish over time as newcomers develop community ties.We tested this hypothesis and found that while growth slowed during thel990s, many of the problems that plagued Garden City during the previous decade persisted: school overcrowding, housing shortages, and unequal access to health and social services.


Resource Management The developed resource management mechanism aims at efficient bandwidth usage. It is based on adapting quality level of the delivered video to the size of the widow in which the video is displayed. The smaller the window, the lower are requirements for the video quality level. Hence video displayed in a small window is allocated less resources than a video, occupying the most pat of the TV screen. Since the choice of the video sources and the layout of the windows depends on a user at the receiving end, the resource allocation is dynamically adapted to user's demands.


_In spite of significant advances in the ability to provide predictable, adhesively retained partialcoverage restorations, full-coverage restorations continue to be the mainstay of dental treatment. The vast majority of indirect restorations provided for patients, both anterior and posterior, are full-coverage crowns. This is perhaps not surprising, given that preparing teeth for partial-coverage restorations is more technically demanding and potentially more challenging to facilitate an esthetic outcome, not to mention the added challenges to a traditional workflow when a restoration is to be adhesively cemented. While bonded partial-coverage restorations present different challenges when compared to conventionally cemented full-coverage restorations, many of these obstacles have been significantly reduced in recent years. The development of novel isolation devices and significant advances in hemostatic agents and dental lasers have made obtaining appropriate isolation for bonding much easier. Vast improvements in resin cement properties and adhesives have made restoration delivery and subsequent clean up easier and less technique sensitive than ever before. Even more importantly, there now exist highly esthetic ceramics, such as IPS Empress and IPS e.max (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) that can mimic natural dentition, be quickly and predictably fabricated, and have a proven track record of clinical success.1, 2 There are a number of advantages to bonded partial-coverage restorations over full-coverage restorations. These largely center around the fact that partial-coverage restorations preserve significantly more tooth structure than full-coverage restorations. Multiple studies have shown partial-coverage all-ceramic restorations to be significantly more conservative of tooth structure, even when compared to a cast gold restoration.3–5 Full-coverage restorations have long been associated with an increased risk for pulpal complications4, which could be significantly avoided with partial-


A simple argument based on current algebra is given to show how monopoles can lead to baryon decay and other flavor-changing processes.


The collected experience from facial allotransplantations has shown that the recovery of sensory function of the face graft is unpredictable. Unavailability of healthy donor nerves, especially in central face defects may contribute to this fact. Herein, the technical feasibility of transferring the supraorbitary nerve (SO) to the infraorbitary nerve (IO) in a model of central facial transplantation was investigated.


The ability to propagate light around a 'circuit' on a single chip has an abundance of applications. Connecting different elements can bring huge functionality to a minuscule device—as evidenced by integrated electronic circuits. To make full use of the benefits afforded by integrated optical circuits, elements of different sizes and materials will need to be used. To do this, connections between relatively large waveguides and sub-micron elements and vice-versa will be made. In this thesis, the propagation of light in multimode waveguides is presented; these waveguides form the connections between the different elements. Dielectric focusing elements, used to decrease the beam width as it moves from one element to another are also discussed. The different structures are studied through simulation and experiment. The focusing elements operate in different regimes: one a structure separate from the waveguide, gathering the light radiated from the end-face of the waveguide; the other a perturbation of the core of the waveguide, redirecting the light propagating through it. The dielectric focusing elements were initially intended as couplers to more powerful plasmonic focusing elements but can find use in a host of applications.


Objectives: Eccentric external rotator (ER) and concentric internal rotator (IR) strength is expressed as a functional strength ratio (ER:IR) for shoulder. The difference in functional strength ratio has been well documented in athletes, but no one compared the functional ratio in athletes with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GIRD on functional ER:IR strength ratio of the adolescent athletes. Methods: 20 patients who had been applied anatomical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstring autograft by same surgeon in 2014 were included, 10 patients in each group. The randomization was performed by beginning with the flexion technique and changing the technique in each subsequent patient according to operation order. The mean age was 28 years (22-35 years) for flexion group and 29 years (23-35) for figure four group. Operations were performed by dropping down the limb from table without leg holder. During the preparation of femoral tunnel, the limb was hyperflexed sagittally in the flexion group and was hyperflexed in figure four position in the figure four group. Patients were evaluated in terms of imagination of femoral tunnel entrance during surgery, surgery duration at the time of femoral tunnel preparation, outlet of the guidewire from the thigh and postoperative radiological image of the tunnel. Results: At figure four group, arthroscopic view of femoral tunnel inlet was found subjectively more satisfying, shorter preparation time of tunnel and outlet point of guidewire from the skin closer to posterior than other group, but did not observe peroneal nerve injury. In the measurement made by radiological assessment, there was no difference the angle of femoral tunnel with femoral anatomical axis. Conclusion: In our study, when the figure four position is used, a better arthroscopic view was obtained for femoral tunnel of ACL. While control of movements of hip joint is required to hold the knee in the appropriate position in flexion group, a flexion applied from the ankle is sufficient in figure four position. As the knee height from the ground changes when the knee flexed over 120° sagittally, the operation table height should be set according to surgeon's length. We found that this process extends the surgery duration. The outlet of guidewire from skin was more posterior in figure four group compared to flexion group. Because of the root of peroneal nerve, this was identified as disadvantage. Although there are some limitations, the findings support our hypothesis: during the femoral tunnel preparation, the surgeon's job is facilitated by figure four position of the knee.


The intramolecular gold–catalyzed arylation of arenes by aryltrimethylsilanes has been investigated from both a mechanistic and preparative aspect. The reaction generates five to nine membered rings, and of the 44 examples studied, ten include a heteroatom (N, O). The tethering of the arene to the arylsilane not only provides a tool to probe the impact of the conformational flexibility of Ar–Au–Ar intermediates, via systematic modulation of the length of aryl-aryl linkage, but also the ability to arylate neutral and electron-poor arenes substrates that do not react at all in the intermolecular process. Rendering the arylation intramolecular also results in phenomenologically simpler reaction kinetics, and overall these features have facilitated a detailed study of linear free energy relationships, kinetic isotope effects, and the first quantitative experimental data on the effects of aryl electron-demand and conformational freedom on the rate of reductive elimination from diaryl gold(III) species. The turnover-limiting step for the formation of a series of fluorene derivatives is sensitive to the electronics of the arene and changes from reductive elimination to π-complexation for arenes bearing strongly electronwithdrawing substituents (σ >0.43). Reductive elimination is accelerated by electron-donating substituents ( = ̶ 2.0) on one or both rings, with the individual σ-values being additive in nature. Longer and more flexible tethers between the two aryl rings results in faster reductive elimination from Ar-Au(X)-Ar, and to the π-complexation of the arene by Ar-AuX2 becoming the turnover-limiting step. Introduction Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling has revolutionized synthesis, with the biaryl motif a major focal point for research in this area. The union of aryl-(pseudo)halides and aryl-metallic reagents have been extensively studied, and there is now substantial interest in more stepand atom-economic variants. In this regard, the reaction of arenes with aryl-metallic reagents, one class of the socalled 'direct arylation' reaction, has received significant attention. Catalysis by gold is emerging as a powerful synthetic tool. We recently reported a gold-catalyzed intermolecular arylation of electron-rich arenes by aryltrimethylsilanes (Scheme 1). Scheme 1. Au-catalyzed intermolecular arene-arylsilane oxidative coupling, as initially reported (2012). CSA = camphorsulfonic acid. For further advances, see references 6-8. The process is operationally simple, proceeds under air, often at room temperature, at low catalyst loadings (1-2 mol%), and with broad functional-group tolerance. In subsequent developments, Itami and Sagewa demonstrated that pyridylidene Au-complexation facilitates arylation of isoxazoles, indoles and benzothiophenes, Jeon applied Aucatalyzed arylation to functionalize ortho-silyl aryl triflates generated via Rh/Ir-catalyzed traceless ortho-CH silation, and we reported that silane and oxidant modification allows arylation of a range of heterocycles. Major advances have also been made towards understanding the unique reactivity and selectivity of catalytic reactions proceeding via Au(I) and Au(III) intermediates. Nonetheless, in comparison to many transition metal catalyzed processes, overall mechanistic understanding of homogeneous gold catalysis remains less well developed. In 2014 we reported our initial mechanistic investigations into the gold-catalyzed intermolecular arylation (Scheme 1). Study of the pre-catalyst activation process revealed that during an approximately 2 hour-long induction period, the Au(I)-phosphine complex was oxidized to yield PPh3O and the active gold catalyst: a solvated AuX3 species (X = CSA, OTs). By changing to a thtAuBr3 pre-catalyst (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) we were able to reduce the induction period to around 300 seconds; again liberating a solvated 'ligandfree' AuX3 species. Using this pre-catalyst system and a specifically tailored substrate (arylthiophene 1, Scheme 2, upper) the reaction kinetics were sufficiently tractable to allow us to determine the empirical rate law by F NMR, and to deduce that intermolecular Au(III)-arene π-complexation is the turnover-limiting step. However, our conclusions were predominantly based on detailed study of this single well-behaved model system. Information on some of the SiMe3 PPh3AuOTs (1-2 mol%) PhI(OAc)2 (1.3 equiv.) CSA (1.5 equiv) ZSi + CHCl3/MeOH (50:1) rt ZH ZH ZSi ZSi = EDG, H, EWG ZH = EDG


Over the years instructors and administrators have worked together to provide education to students in academic institutions. The role of the participants in this educational system were well defined. Instructors and administrators were responsible for the dissemination of knowledge and the methodology used was simple, the instructor transferred the knowledge to the students. The merging of computers and communications technology is transforming the way we teach and learn. Physical classrooms are being replaced by electronic classrooms. The roles of the participants is being redefined where the instructor is becoming a facilitator in the electronic classroom and students are participating in these classes from anywhere and anytime. Questions that arise for universities include: Is this the future of higher education? Will electronic classrooms replace traditional classrooms. In this study we explore and discuss the perceptions of students in a mid-western rural university regarding virtual education. Implications for the participants in the educational system are also discussed.


Recent results of the first ever orbit through Jupiter's auroral region by NASA's Juno spacecraft did not show evidence of coherent acceleration in the auroral or polar region. However, in this letter, we show energetic particle data from Juno's Jupiter Energetic‐particle Detector Instrument instrument during the third auroral pass that exhibits conclusive evidence of downward parallel electric fields in portions of Jupiter's polar region. The energetic particle distributions show inverted‐V ion and electron structures in a downward electric current region with accelerated peaked distributions in hundreds of keV to ~1 MeV range. The origin of these large electric potential structures is investigated and discussed within the current theoretical framework of current‐voltage relationships at both Earth and Jupiter. Parallel electric fields responsible for accelerating particles to maintain the aurora/magnetospheric circuit appear to be a common phenomenon among strongly magnetized planets with conducting ionospheres; however, their origin and generation mechanisms are subjects of ongoing research.


This article has review character. In article, the analysis of state of the measurement assurance of geodetic enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan is made. And also, the standard and lawgiving basis of performance of metrological works, is given.


A study of the last United States Census reports reveals some startling figures. in the shole United States more than 10 per cent. of the infants have die Sin their first year. This high mortality has not beendequally distributed, for grouping thirty-seven of the largest cities, each having a population of over 100,000, the death-rate is about 20 per cent., while in our very largest cities it approaches 25 per cent.—one out of every four. So great is the hazard that no insurance company will issue a policy on this first year. This ddcitds it approaches 25 ddd dfour. So great is the dthat dd dwill issue a policy on this ddddddd This alarming mortality has aroused many, in and out of our profession, to seek relief. There was held in Chicago during the summer of 1911, a two-weeks' exhibition, the largest and most comprehensive ever attempted in the interest of


The design and synthesis of a new unsymmetric monomer, 1-chloro-4-(4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl)naphthalene (1), was accomplished and polymerized with several bisphenols. Three of these polymers represent the successful incorporation of a bulky 1,4-naphthylene unit into the commercially known polysulfones, Udel, Radel R and Victrex. All unsymmetric polysulfones obtained were determined to be amorphous and displayed glass transition temperatures in the range of 218–288°C. The gas permeability suffered while the permselectivity was marginally improved with naphthyl insertion into Udel.


Multimode fiber-based endoscopes have recently emerged as a tool for minimally invasive endoscopy in tissue, at depths well beyond the reach of multiphoton imaging. Here, we demonstrate label-free second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy through such a fiber endoscope. We simultaneously fully control the excitation polarization state and the spatial distribution of the light at the fiber tip, and we use this to implement polarization-resolved SHG imaging, which allows imaging and identification of structural proteins such as collagen and myosin. We image mouse tail tendon and heart tissue, employing the endoscope at depths up to 1 mm, demonstrating that we can differentiate these structural proteins. This method has the potential for enabling instant and in situ diagnosis of tumors and fibrotic conditions in sensitive tissue with minimal damage.


In this article, the problem of robust stability and stabilisation for a class of uncertain neutral systems with discrete and distributed time delays is considered. By utilising a new Lyapunov functional based on the idea of delay partitioning approach, we employ the linear matrix inequality technique to derive delay-dependent criteria which ensures the robust stability of uncertain neutral systems. The obtained stability conditions are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities that can easily be solved by using standard software packages. Further, the result is extended to study the robust stabilisation for uncertain neutral systems with parameter uncertainties. A state feedback controller is proposed to guarantee the robust asymptotic stabilisation for uncertain systems and the controller is constructed in terms of the solution to a set of matrix inequalities. Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and conservatism of the obtained results. It is shown that the results developed in this article can tolerate larger allowable delay than some existing works in the literature. Further, it is proved that the proposed criterion is also computationally less conservative when compared to some existing results.


Enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers, including stabilized N fertilizers with inhibitors and coated N fertilizers, can increase N utilization efficiencies. We collected data on N2O emission of enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers from publications and analyzed their mitigation effects by meta-analysis. The average N2O emission from stabilized N fertilizers was 0.66 times of that from corresponding common N fertilizers. The average mitigation effects was 0.95, with no significant roles (p0.05). Using stabilized N fertilizers instead of common N fertilizers with the same N amount in China, combining with nitrogen fertilizer and crop data from Statistic Yearbook of China, we calculated the mitigation amount of stabilized N fertilizers from fields in China as 1.03×108 kg N in 2009 by Monte-Carlo simulation. Multiplying the current price of CO2, the income from N2O reduced emission with applying with stabilized N fertilizers was 16.86 million per year. For stabilized N fertilizers could promote N utilization efficiencies, the economic benefits were 94 million per year with N utilization efficiencies increased by 8 percent point in current level.


Coupled wave equations are a popular tool for investigating longitudinal dynamical eects in semiconductor lasers, for example, sensitivity to delayed optical feedback. We study a model that consists of a hyperbolic linear system of partial dierential equations with one spatial dimension, which is nonlinearly coupled with a slow subsystem of ordinary dierential equations. We first prove the basic statements about the existence of solutions of the initial-boundary-value problem and their smooth dependence on initial values and parameters. Hence, the model constitutes a smooth infinite-dimensional dynamical system. Then we prove that the slow-fast structure of the system and the presence of a spectral gap in the linear subsystem give rise to the existence of a low-dimensional attracting invariant manifold. The flow on this invariant manifold is described by a system of ordinary dierential equations that is accessible to classical bifurcation theory and numerical tools such as AUTO.


The solution-oriented adjustment of organizational design parameters is an important prerequisite for a company's sales performance in solution business. However, research on the effects of solution-oriented parameter adjustments on the sales employees' selling behavior is still limited. This article addresses the research gap. Based on structural equation modeling, impact levels of organizational design parameters on the employees' solution sales attitude are analyzed. The results show particularly strong effects for both a solution-oriented corporate culture and incentive system. Furthermore, the employee's solution sales attitude serves as a key driver for its individual sales performance. en


A microstrip antenna array design for 60 GHz central frequency is presented, with simulated and measured results in good agreement. The antenna is fabricated on a flexible substrate and intended for integration with circuit module to form a wireless communication system.


We present an application of subsampling and bootstrap methods for time series to determine the distribution of the estimator of zero crossings. The zero crossings method provides an alternative estimator of the lag-1 autocorrelation coefficient that is reducing the data storage requirements and is more robust with respect to outliers when compared to the classical estimator. The main results here are showing the consistency of subsampling, the consistency of moving block bootstrap, the consistency of non overlapping block bootstrap and the consistency of stationary bootstrap for this estimator. Theorems are formulated for Gaussian processes, elliptically symmetric processes and processes which are transformed Gaussian processes. Theoretical results are illustrated by simulations and practical data analysis. We have also shown that in practice the MBB method behaves better than the subsampling method.


The reabsorption of ammo acids in rat kidney was examined with respect to the Na+-gradient stimulated transport system. The time courses for the uptake of 14C-amino acids by brush border membrane vesicles were compared in the presence of either Na+ or K+ ions. The uptake of neutral amino acids was stimulated by the presence of a Na+-gradient and exhibited the typical "overshoot" phenomenon, whereas the uptake of acidic and basic amino acids was not clearly stimulated by Na+. The rate of Na+-dependent uptake into the vesicles at 1 min was determined for 20 amino acids, and was high for alanine, cysteine, valine and isoleucine but low in acidic and basic amino acids. In normal rat urine, the free forms of glycine, alanine and glutamic acid were excreted to a great extent, but isoleucine, arginine and sulfur-containing amino acids were excreted to a small extent. These results indicate that the urinary excretion of an amino acid is not necessarily correlated to the extent of its Na+-dependent uptake, and that other factors affecting the urinary excretion should also be considered.


Interest in the use of the millimetre wavebands is increasing as the conventional radio spectrum becomes more congested. However, a system designer using these frequency bands must contend with the variability of the weather as well as possess an understanding of the effects of specific weather structures on radio propagation


Technology for remotely controlled (diverless) repair welding of subsea pipelines from 170 to 1000m water depth is being developed by StatoilHydro. The repair technology is based on a sleeve concept combined with MIG welding and the development is currently nearing completion. Technology for diver-assisted remotely controlled welding down to about 200m has been used in the North Sea for about twenty years. In order to reduce the use of divers, the deep water diverless technology is also being considered for use in shallow waters. The present work has been performed to investigate whether the deepwater welding procedure may also be used in shallow waters, and which modifications for the lower pressure conditions need to be made. Test welding has been performed in the pressure range from 36 to 1bar corresponding to 350 to 0m sea water depth to study the effect of ambient pressure upon the welding process behaviour and weld bead appearance and geometry. For the 12 o'clock welding position tested, welding parameters developed for deep water conditions also worked well for shallow water conditions down to about 2bar. It was also evident that the electrode polarity, which is negative for the deep water procedure, had to be changed to electrode positive for the lowest pressures, which coincides with conventional 1-atm MIG welding. Mechanical property testing and microstructure examinations revealed satisfactory results using the modified welding procedure.© 2009 ASME


The in vitro activities of commercial Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (tea tree oil; TTO) and chitosan were investigated against Candida albicans, both alone and in combination, to assess their potential synergistic action; their anticandidal properties were assessed using standard microbiological techniques, such as MIC evaluation and a 'time–kill' test. Our results demonstrated that both TTO and chitosan possess remarkable activity against Candida: TTO inhibited C. albicans at 0.5 % v/v and was able to kill yeast cells in 120 min at 1% and in 300 min at 0.5–0.25%; as far as chitosan was concerned, 0.5 mg/ml were required to inhibit Candida growth in liquid medium, whereas 0.5–2 mg/ml chitosan required 24 h to kill them in the 'time–kill' test; this effect was pH-dependent, being present at pH 5.0 and disappearing at pH 2.0. When TTO and chitosan were tested together, the polymer reduced the MIC of TTO but did not enhance the activity of the oil as evaluated in the 'time–kill' test. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Dermatitis artefacta is a psychocutaneous disorder most likely to be seen by a dermatologist rather than a psychiatrist. We report an unusual and interesting case of dermatitis artefacta in a 17-year-old female.


Aiming at the large time delay and parameter uncertainty of main steam temparature in afossil-fired power station,a control system based on fuzzy immune PID Smith cotroller is proposed.Fuzzy immune PID controller can adjust its parameter so that it is adaptive to model's parameter changes,in the intertial area where the time delay phenomena is serious,smith estimator is used so that the adjustor takes action in advance to limit the overshoot.The simulation results in various situations by MATLAB demonstrate that the designed system is superior to conventional Smith estimation and cascade control system in stability and accuracy,especially the adaptability to parameter uncertainty of model.


With this Editorial, we introduce the Special Issue "Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Microvesicles (ExMVs) for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications" to the scientific community. In this issue, we focus on regenerative medicine, stem cells, and their clinical application.


The left atrioventricular (mitral) complex comprises of the annulus, the leaflets, the chordae tendineae muscles. The mitral valve is involved in many conditions such as stenosis, regurgitation, prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, endocarditis etc. Hence, detailed information of the dimensions of the valve is essential especially in surgical inte rventions such as reconstruction or replacement. The study aimed at measuring the various dimensions of the mitral valve complex. The study was conducted over a period of one year. Thirty adult hearts obtained from embalmed cadavers were used for the study . The mean width and height of anterior leaflet were 37.0 mm and 23.0 mm respectively. The mean width and height of posterior leaflet were 56.7 mm and 13.8 mm respectively. The mean circumference of annulus was 97.0 mm. The mean lengths of anterior and pos The left atrioventricular (mitral) complex comprises of the annulus, the leaflets, the chordae tendineae muscles. The mitral valve is involved in many conditions such as stenosis, regurgitation, prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, endocarditis etc. Hence, detailed information of the dimensions of the valve is essential especially in surgical rventions such as reconstruction or replacement. The study aimed at measuring the various dimensions of the mitral valve complex. The study was conducted over a period of one year. Thirty adult hearts obtained from embalmed cadavers . The mean width and height of anterior leaflet were 37.0 mm and 23.0 mm respectively. The mean width and height of posterior leaflet were 56.7 mm and 13.8 mm respectively. The mean circumference of annulus was 97.0 mm. The mean lengths of anterior and pos terior leaflet chordae tendineae were 19.6 and 17.7 mm respectively. : Annulus, chordae tendineae, leaflets, left atrioventricular valve, mitral valve. The left atrioventricular (mitral) complex comprises of the annulus, the leaflets, the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. The mitral valve is involved in many conditions such as stenosis, regurgitation, prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, endocarditis etc. Hence, detailed information of the dimensions of the valve is essential especially in surgical rventions such as reconstruction or replacement. The study aimed at measuring the various dimensions of the mitral valve complex. The study was conducted over a period of one year. Thirty adult hearts obtained from embalmed cadavers . The mean width and height of anterior leaflet were 37.0 mm and 23.0 mm respectively. The mean width and height of posterior leaflet were 56.7 mm and 13.8 mm respectively. The mean circumference of annulus terior leaflet chordae tendineae were 19.6 and 17.7 mm respectively.


Here, Chang et al. report that CEP120, a JS-associated protein involved in centriole biogenesis and cilia assembly, regulates timely neuronal differentiation and the departure of granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) from their germinal zone during cerebellar development. Their findings reveal a close interplay between CEP120 and KIAA0753 for the germinal zone exit and timely neuronal differentiation of GNPs during cerebellar development, and mutations in CEP120 and KIAA0753 may participate in the heterotopia and cerebellar hypoplasia observed in JS patients.


From the configuration of the topology of the main circuit,we constitute the system model of three-phase voltage source rectifier in the d-q synchronous rotating coordinate system.Then,the article discuss the basic principles of the internal current control loop and external voltage control loop,the space vector control system was simulated by using the toolbox of Matlab/Simulink.The results show that the PWM Rectifier has fast transient response and satisfactory steady-state characteristics.


We present a social image recommender system that offers a hybrid filtering approach, combining content- and knowledge-based filtering with a novel social-based filtering, that selects images of social interest to the user, by e.g. being posted by close friends or family. User activity on social media is used when generating a user profile reflecting user interests and social context, and images are recommended according to a combination of social relevance and topic of interest. Our system handles both cross-source user profiling and image recommendation across social media, currently focusing on images from Facebook and Flickr.


In the international exchange of goods and services, accreditation gets more and more important. Based on strict adherence to international standards, and determining conformity with them, accreditation became the only authoritative category that proves competence of organizations to perform various services in domestic and international traffic. Yugoslav Accreditation Body was established 15 years ago, which later grew with the changing regulations in Accreditation Body of Serbia ATS. By the new Law on Accreditation ATS is registered as an institution, which, as the only in Serbia, entrusted accreditation business. ATS last year signed the EA MLA agreement on mutual recognition for accreditation of laboratories for testing and calibration, medical laboratories, inspection bodies and certification bodies for certifying products. Last year it also signed an agreement with ILAC MRA for field testing, calibration and inspection. Accreditation is mentioned directly or indirectly in almost all laws and regulations governing quality and safety of products and services. In Serbia there are 546 accredited CAB in different areas and different scope of accreditation. This year, under the auspices of the Serbian Chamber of Commerce, is formed Association of accredited CAB, as ATS partner, strengthening infrastructure of conformity assessment, support the accreditation system, impact of the adoption and harmonization of national legislation, and to promote its own services. Problems in the work of ATS are particularly in evaluating the organizations, which is primarily related to the harmonization of the criteria for assessing. Stricter assessment criteria in order to be in global trends, undertake work to strengthen the education of all participants in the process of accreditation.


The idea for this Special Issue on Business Librarianship and Entrepreneurship Outreach originated when I gave a short presentation on the growth of technology transfer and entrepreneurship programs on college and university campuses at the 2007 SLA Annual Conference. My presentation included a model for business librarians to participate in these programs that extends beyond the business school (Figure 1). Following the presentation, a few conversations with colleagues, like Hal Kirkwood at Purdue University, confirmed my observations. Business librarians are supporting campus entrepreneurship programs in ways that go beyond traditional bibliographic instruction and collection development responsibilities. The articles in the first half of this issue of the Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship describe a variety of programs that should provide inspiration for even more entrepreneurship outreach in business librarianship. The introductory article by Hyun-Duck Chung begins with a concise discussion of the nature of entrepreneurship education and its growing importance at North Carolina State University. She describes the strategies she used to become part of the planning team for a campus-wide entrepreneurship initiative and discusses the professional relationships that grew from that activity. In entrepreneurship education, experiential learning is used more than traditional case analysis. Students take on semester-long consulting projects for local small businesses. Depending on business growth objectives, students may conduct market research surveys, evaluate new products, or develop marketing or information technology strategies (Banjo, 2009). It becomes a win-win-win situation. Students get the experience of interaction with the business community on real business problems. Entrepreneurs get access to expertise and resources they could probably not afford on a small business budget. Librarians, when they get involved in these activities, can emphasize the relevance of the library and the information resources. Diane K. Campbell and Ronald G. Cook provide unique insight into a collaborative teaching arrangement between a business librarian and entrepreneurship faculty at Rider University. The switch from teaching one library instruction session to three library instruction sessions, timed to key steps in the


Phytotherapy is the traditional method used to cure many diseases. Various medicinal plants found in many parts of India are well known for their various medicinal values. The Terminalia chebula Retz. a native plant of Asia is found to have various properties like anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging activity, anti-carcinogenic activity, ant-imutagenic activity, anti-bacterial activity, anti-fungal activity, anti-viral activity, anti-diabetic, renoprotective activity, cardio-protective activity, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity. These properties of T. chebula discussed in this review are mainly due to the presence of various types of phytoconstituents.


The effect of different concentrations of spices or their extracts and essential oils on the survival of spoilage microorganisms in apple cider was studied. The effect of two spices (clove oil and mint extract) combined with pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment in inactivating microorganisms was also investigated. Nearly 2-3 log reduction was observed at 45°C when 2% w/w cinnamon, turmeric, nutmeg, cardamom and red chili powders were used. There was 6 log reduction when cider samples were treated at 45°C and in the presence of 1.8% of mint extract. Clove oil was found to be very strong antimicrobial agent relative to other spices evaluated. Even with the concentration of clove oil as low as 0.2%, microbial reduction of 5.3 log was obtained at room temperature. The microbial inactivation was influenced by the treatment temperature and the concentration of spices. Greater microbial inactivation was observed when clove oil or mint extract was used with PEF at 40 pulses of 90 kV/cm electric field. Clover extract was more powerful in inactivating microbes than other 6 extracts evaluated. With the increase of temperature, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts also increased.


This study was prompted by the previous finding of amino-aciduria (Choremis, Zannos, and 1957) and qualitative and quantitative changes of serum proteins in thalassaemia and sickle-cell anaemia (Allamanis, Kochaseni, The electrophoretic pattern shows a fall in albumin, a moderate fall in the a, a29 and I globulin fractions and an increase in the -y globulin fraction (Allamanis, 1955). In some cases liver function tests (thymol turbidity and cephalin-cholesterol flocculation tests) are positive (Choremis and Kyriakidou, 1954; Minnich et al., 1954). This abnormal electrophoretic pattern, and especially the increase in y globulin, does not necessarily indicate liver damage, although this may occur.


The aim of this paper is to verify if there is enough convergence of results of samples of names of different sizes so that they can be used in Comparative Anthroponomastics research. the behavior of a set of seventeen anthroponyms in two samples of the same universe formed by the population of the Parana municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon was compared. While the first one is made up of the first hundred names of newborns registered in five years (1960 , 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000) totaling 500 names, the second corresponds to the IBGE data regarding the names of residents in the municipality per decade of their birth. Despite the differences of the samples, the convergence of results legitimizes the use of disparate corpora for comparative analysis of general trends provided that caveats are made as to the precise date of beginning e end of these tendencies.


The existence of unacceptable components, which consist of unacceptable tuples and elements in attribute values, is shown in fuzzy relational databases. The unacceptable components are created by update operations, insertion, deletion, and modification. An unacceptable tuple in a relation is a tuple such that the degree of its not belonging to that relation is greater than that of its belonging to. The unacceptable tuple can be easily eliminated from relations. There are three kinds of unacceptable elements. One case of unacceptable elements is a redundant element created by insertion and modification. Another is an element created by a possible tuple value not at all or partially satisfying integrity constraints in insertion and modification. The other is an element created by a possible tuple value completely or partially satisfying update conditions in deletion. The unacceptable elements can be eliminated from relations without loss of information. As a result, we can obtain fuzzy relational databases without unacceptable components by a reasonable way. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Objective To investigate the effect of uterine artery embolization for obstetrics hemorrhage.Methods From January 2008 to December 2010,there were 19 cases of obstetrics hemorrhage in our hospital.Methotrexate(MTX) was injected and gelatin sponge or coils were used for embolism.Results All patients achieved hematischesis without serious complications.Blood pressure,heart rate and hemoglobin before and after treatment were significantly different(P0.05).Conclusion Uterine artery embolization is a safe,effective,minimal invasive and quick procedure in the treatment of obstetric hemorrhage and allows the preservation of uterus possible,which is worthy of clinical application.


While traditional measures of postural sway focus
mostly on describing the 'amount' or 'area' of sway, recently
developed nonlinear time-series analyses such as Approximate
Entropy (ApEn) and Lyapunov Exponent (LyE) provide means to assess
the degree of determinism (or predictability) in sway 'temporal
structure'. In three experiments these newer analyses were used to
examine the effects of Age and Balance Training on postural sway.
Results from Experiment 1 showed that temporal structure in
postural sway became more deterministic with Age in healthy men 18
to 65 years old. This was thought to reflect a more deliberate
and/or rigid postural control in older men. In Experiment 2,
postural sway was assessed in healthy students following a six-week
balance training intervention that closely mimicked the types of
interventions used by physical fitness and rehabilitation
professionals. Following the intervention, postural sway became
less deterministic for stance on a non-compliant (Hard) surface
(thought to indicate a more flexible/dynamic postural control), but
more deterministic for stance on a compliant (Foam) surface.
Experiment 3 was designed to replicate and extend these later
findings by having two groups of participants engage in a five-day
balance training intervention comprised of a single balance
training exercise (single leg stance) performed on a non-compliant
or compliant surface while engaged in a suprapostural task
(simulated target shooting). Results showed that while both groups
realized improved task performance over the intervention, ONLY the
group that trained on the compliant surface (Disc group) experience
changes in sway temporal structure. Specifically, the Disc group
their sway become more deterministic for stance conditions
performed on the compliant surface, but less deterministic for
stance conditions performed on the non-compliant surface at
post-test. These findings imply that unique coordination strategies
were learned by those who trained on the compliant surface for
stance on different support surfaces. Together, these experiments
show that nonlinear time-series analyses are sensitive to, and
provide unique information about, the effects of various
constraints on postural control.


Abstract Black liquor is the major by-product and biomass fuel of pulp mills, and the understanding of its thermophysical properties is essential for the improvement of the design and the operation of chemical recovery processes. In this work, the rheological behaviour of industrial samples of Eucalyptus globulus black liquor was investigated to study the influence of solids content ranging from 13 % for the white liquor sample, and from 30 to 65 % of dissolved solids for the black liquors, and of temperature from 298.15 to 338.15 K, covering shear rates from 0 to 1200 s-1. The black liquor showed a complex non-Newtonian behaviour, presenting at low shear rates a pseudoplastic behaviour, followed by a viscosity Newtonian plateau. The modified Quemada model gives an expression applicable to all the shear rate range, which was used to describe the flow curves for the viscosity of E. globulus black liquors samples. Moreover, a correlation based on a VTF model with parameters dependent on solids content was successfully developed for the viscosity data of the Newtonian plateau.


Abstract The author explains four patterns concerning the relation between the church and the political institutions in Afrika. Thesepatterns have be seen against the background ofthe original Ontocratic unity in premale societies, which all rulers in Africa favorite in an hidden way. Colonialism promotes the separation between political and religious life, nationalism, however, restores the unity. In South-Afrika a prophetic dualism is turning against the theocratic ideology of the Boers. All in all a relation of criticalloyality is coming into existence in Africa.


Shira Schwartz talks with site-specific artists Julie Tepperman and Aaron Willis about YICHUD (Seclusion). They raise questions about staging Jewish ritual in theatrical space.


Lanthanum-containing perovskites, LaMO3 (M=Al, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ga, and In), have been synthesized in molten carbonates from a mixture of lanthanum carbonate and an M-containing oxide or an acetate, or from a co-precipitation mixture of metal (M) and lanthanum. Metal aluminum, chromium, and iron, immersed in a mixture of molten (Li0.52Na0.48)2CO3 and lanthanum carbonate at 923 K, were covered, respectively, with LaAlO3, LaCrO3, and LaFeO3. Ceramic and single-crystal α-Al2O3, immersed in molten (Li0.52Na0.48)2CO3 mixed with lanthanum carbonate, were also covered with LaAlO3. In situ X-ray diffractometry revealed that La2O2CO3 reacted with α-LiAlO2 to yield LaAlO3; the reaction proceeded faster under N2 than under a CO2 atmosphere.


The European Union remains confused by Donald Trump. European countries did not respond decisively to the White House in some cases, such as the US customs tariff, the withdrawal of the Trump government from a nuclear deal with Iran and the withdrawal of the Paris Pact. While US National Security Advisor John Bolton and Trump have repeatedly expressed their opposition to the existence of the European Union and the Eurozone, Europe has not taken any steps towards independence from the United States. Many analysts of the international affairs have recently had a special focus on US-EU relations! Some signals and speeches by the President of the United States which are addressed to the European authorities indicate the full opposition of the White House to the European Union. Over the past few months, there has been news about the specific talks between the President of the United States and some of the European Union's member states. Trump called on French President "Emmanuel Macron" to leave the European Union and thus build wider bilateral relations with the United States! On the other hand, Trump has officially asked the British Prime Minister "Theresa May" to sue the European Union rather than interacting with it. These are indications of the wide and extensive opposition of the United States to the United Europe. This confrontation can become a fullfledged dispute in the future. However, the European Union has not yet made a firm response to the United States, and it has adopted a policy of " having interactions with Trump," but this policy can't be adopted for a long time! The reality is that the European Union is going through a dangerous path! The European officials haven't yet understood the extent of Trump's hostility to the existence of the United European! This is while the trade war between Trump and the European Union has entered a new phase . European officials are now faced with a president who sees "economic protectionism" as a major policy in the field of commerce, and in the future he will try to pursue this policy even more seriously. 6 United States of africa for the greater good


Marketing efforts over the last year have generated a lot of excitement around the transition to Internet Protocol (IP) in the broadcast environment, but serial digital interface (SDI) still plays a vital role. The hybrid SDI/IP models that will be adopted by most operations still need to consider the role that SDI plays for high definition (HD), but especially important is the role of SDI as it pertains to the introduction of ultra-high-definition (UHD-1, commonly referred to as 4K). The SDI interface is the only standardized means for interconnecting UHD devices today, and those who are looking to roll out UHD-1 need to have a much better understanding of the challenges and issues that may result in a hybrid environment. This paper highlights some of those challenges, provides an update to the current technologies, and discusses why SDI will continue to be an enabling technology for the rollout of UHD-1 (and UHD-2).


"Rewritten" life stories of Christ: Miss Ferbelin by Stefan Chwin and The Gospel According to Jesus Christ by Jose Saramago The matter of the article are "rewritten" stores of life of Jesus Christ. Author synthetically characterizes creation of such texts in the film production( mentions so-called biblical films and creating of the "adaptations" of the New Testament at the beginning of the cinema), she mentions also other contemporary film messages and literary texts dealing with that issue. Main topic concerning the author is an analysis of two novels: "Miss Ferbelin" by Stefan Chwin (2011) and "Gospel according to Jesus Christ" by Jose Saramago (2011).


The light quality is responsible for the morphogenesis in plants. It is mediated by a series of processes involving light receptors, mainly in the red blue region. The aim of this research was to observe the anatomical leaf alterations as well as the biometric characteristics of in vitro cultured Cattleya loddigesii 'Tipo'. Two different colour shading nets (red and blue, 50% mesh) were tested and compared with a control without the shading nets in greenhouse and growth room. Plantlets of 1.0cm in length with roots produced by self pollinization and by seeds in vitro germination were inoculated in WPM medium and submitted to these different incubation environments. After 180 days of inoculation the plantlets were evaluated. It was observed that the culture environment promote anatomical and biometric alterations in Cattleya loddigesii 'Tipo' plantlets micropropagated. The changes promoted by the cultivation in natural light show greater photosynthetic capacity, through greater differentiation of the chlorenchyma tissue, promoting a leaf surface anatomically adapted to the acclimatization stage.


By use of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel rods we were able to detect traces of HbA (approx. 1%) as a sharp and discrete band. By overloading the gel considerable amounts of HbA (slightly c


The Meaning of Zan referred to the gift of shell originally.Its extended meaning was explanation and helping.The extended meaning was embodied in Zan Ci and Zan Wen.Zan Ci in ancient times including Zan Ci ' s being at the Ceremony and Zan Ci ' s not being at the ceremony.The form and content of Zan Ci in ancient times lay the foundation for Zan Wen ' s development.


The Br-76 radiobromination of proteins and modified oligonucleotides by the use of N-succinimidyl 4-[Br-76]bromobenzoate are described. The labelled N-succinimidyl bromobenzoate was synthesised fro ...


There is a rare and clear consensus among experimentalists that jets and hard-scattering phenomena in Relativistic Heavy Ion (RHI) collisions can best (if not only) be studied using leading particles, in the same way that these phenomena were originally discovered and mapped out in p - p collisions.


Under the influence of social environment, the ideological dynamics of college students have tremendously changed. Among them, the biggest change is that the psychological reception mechanism is very different from the level of self-cognition. Since the report of the 17 National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the state has formed an agenda to strengthen the ideological and political education in colleges and universities, among which, it is important to reinforce humanistic care and psychological counseling. Mental health education is inextricably linked to the ideological and political education in colleges and universities. Therefore, this article begins in the perspective of psychological education, analyzes the ideological dynamic characteristics of college students, summarizes effective principles and important measures of ideological and political education innovation methods in order to maximize the constructive role of ideological and political education.


Triamcinolone was found effective in suppressing both the cutaneous and articular manifestations of psoriatic arthritis. Side effects were frequent and in some instances serious. The ameliorative effects of this steroid were temporary, and eventual relapse of the manifestations usually occurred.

Esseva trovate que triamcinolona es efficace in le suppression del manifestationes tanto cutanee como etiam articular de arthritis psoriatic. Le effectos lateral esseva numerose, in certe casos serie. Le effectos amelioratori de iste steroide esseva transiente. In le majoritate del casos, recidiva del manifestationes occurreva in le curso del tempore.


Recent language models, especially those based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs), make it possible to generate natural language from a learned probability. Language generation has wide applications including machine translation, summarization, question answering, conversation systems, etc. Existing methods typically learn a joint probability of words conditioned on additional information, which is (either statically or dynamically) fed to RNN's hidden layer. In many applications, we are likely to impose hard constraints on the generated texts, i.e., a particular word must appear in the sentence. Unfortunately, existing methods could not solve this problem. In this paper, we propose a backbone language model (backbone LM) for constrained language generation. Provided a specific word, our model generates previous words and future words simultaneously. In this way, the given word could appear at any position in the sentence. Experimental results show that the generated texts are coherent and fluent.


Aims. We determine period-luminosity relations for Milky Way Cepheids in the optical and near-IR bands. These relations can be used directly as reference for extra-galactic distance determination to Cepheid populations with solar metallicity, and they form the basis for a direct comparison with relations obtained in exactly the same manner for stars in the Magellanic Clouds, presented in an accompanying paper. In that paper we show that the metallicity effect is very small and consistent with a null effect, particularly in the near-IR bands, and we combine here all 111 Cepheids from the Milky Way, the LMC and SMC to form a best relation. Methods. We employ the near-IR surface brightness (IRSB) method to determine direct distances to the individual Cepheids after we have recalibrated the projection factor using the recent parallax measurements to ten Galactic Cepheids and the constraint that Cepheid distances to the LMC should be independent of pulsation period. Results. We confirm our earlier finding that the projection factor for converting radial velocity to pulsational velocity depends quite steeply on pulsation period, p = 1.550− 0.186 log(P) in disagrement with recent theoretical predictions. We find PL relations based on 70 Milky Way fundamental mode Cepheids of MK = −3.33(±0.09)(log(P) − 1.0) − 5.66(±0.03), WVI = −3.26(±0.11)(log(P) − 1.0) − 5.96(±0.04). Combining the 70 Cepheids presented here with the results for 41 Magellanic Cloud Cepheids which are presented in an accompanying paper, we find MK = −3.30(±0.06)(log(P) − 1.0) − 5.65(±0.02), WVI = −3.32(±0.08)(log(P) − 1.0) − 5.92(±0.03). Conclusions. We delineate the Cepheid PL relation using 111 Cepheids with direct distances from the IRSB analysis. The relations are by construction in agreement with the recent HST parallax distances to Cepheids and slopes are in excellent agreement with the slopes of apparent magnitudes versus period observed in the LMC.


Objective: To assess the correlation between the risk categories of diabetic foot screening test by 5.07 Semmes-Weinstein monofilament and the findings of standard nerve conduction studies of upper and lower extremities. Method: We studied 74 patients who were consulted to our department to rule out the diabetic neuropathy. We classified the patients to 4 risk groups by foot screening test using 5.07 Sememes-Weinstein monofilament, and performed the standard nerve conduction studies of upper and lower extremities. The risk categories of foot screening tests were compared to the findings of the nerve conduction studies. Results: When the risk category becomes higher, there were more delay in latencies (motor and sensory potentials of median and ulnar nerve, sensory potentials of sural and superficial peroneal nerve, median and peroneal F-wave), slower conduction velocities (median, ulnar, peroneal, posterior tibial nerve) and lower amplitudes (motor and sensory potentials of media and ulnar nerve, peroneal and posterior tibial nerve, sural nerve) (p<0.05). Except for the amplitude of ulnar nerve and the latencies of peroneal and ulnar nerve, there were significant differences in the nerve conduction study data between the risk group 3 and the risk group 0 (p<0.05). Conclusion: We confirmed that the risk category of diabetic foot screening test by Semmes-Weinstein monofilament can meaningfully reflect the severity of diabetic neuropathy. We also suggest that it is necessary to pay attention to the nerve conduction study in the patients with history of foot ulcer.


I would first of all like to thank the many authors who have provided commentaries on my keynote article 'Microvariation in multilingual situations: The importance of property-by-property acquisition' (Westergaard, 2021a). The keynote has generated significant and stimulating debate about central issues on crosslinguistic influence in multilingual language acquisition, and I find it especially welcome that the majority of the commentaries support and enhance the main idea of the keynote, viz. that L2/L3/Ln acquisition takes place as a step-wise process, property by property. The commentaries have provided supporting arguments, additional data, and suggestions for further research, but also new questions and critical comments. This response is divided into sections focusing on the following issues: Full transfer and the notion of copying, the definition of linguistic proximity, some terminological issues, research methodology, predictions, empirical support, and possible misinterpretations.


The oscillation of a two-dimensional jet attaching to the wall is investigated under the periodic infinitesimal fluctuation in pressure within a bubble between the jet and the wall. The analysis, using a linearized equation of motion, shows that the amplitude of the oscillating jet increase along the jet axis and decreases with an increasing frequency of pressure fluctuation within a bubble. The resonance can not be found between the fluctuation of the pressure and the oscillation of the jet. The phase-lag tends to increase with an increasing frequency of pressure fluctuation. These results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.


Building on the insight gained from their initial identification of a mutation in the receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone–related peptide (PTHrP) in a patient with Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia,1 Schipani et al. provide further data on genetic abnormalities associated with the disorder in this issue of the Journal. 2 They report the same mutation in a mother and her daughter and a different mutation in another patient. Two other, less severely affected patients had no detectable mutations. The mutations cause the PTH–PTHrP receptor to be persistently activated, resulting in a state of hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia resembling that in patients . . .


Objective : Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a selective episodic memory deficit in the elderly with a high risk of Alzheimer's disease. The amplitudes of a long-latency auditory evoked potential (P50) are larger in MCI compared to age-matched controls. We tested whether increased P50 amplitudes in MCI were accompanied by changes of middle-latency potentials occurring around 50 ms and/or auditory brain-stem potentials. Methods : Auditory evoked potentials were recorded from age-matched controls ( n Z 16) and MCI ( n Z 17) in a passive listening paradigm at two stimulus presentation rates (2/s, 1/1.5 s). A subset of subjects also received stimuli at a rate of 1/3 s. Results : Relative to controls, MCI subjects had larger long-latency P50 amplitudes at all stimulus rates. Significant group differences in N100 amplitude were dependent on stimulus rate. Amplitudes of the middle-latency components (Pa, Nb, P1 peaking at approximately 30, 40, and 50 ms, respectively) did not differ between groups, but a slow wave between 30 and 49 ms on which the middle-latency components arose was significantly increased in MCI. ABR Wave V latency and amplitude did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions : The increase of long-latency P50 amplitudes in MCI reflects changes of a middle-latency slow wave, but not of transient middle-latency components. There was no evidence of group difference at the brain-stem level. Significance : Increased slow wave occurring as early as 50 ms may reflect neurophysiological consequences of neuropathology in MCI. q reserved.


Contents: Preface. Introduction. Part I: Studying Children's Drawings. Contradictions and Confusions. In the Beginning. The Early Years. Where Do We Go From Here? Regions. Lines, Line Junctions, and Perspective. Part II: Mental Processes. "Seeing in" and the Mechanism of Development. The Drawing Process. Part III: Child Art. Children as Artists. Art Education. Summing Up. Appendix.


Provided herein are methods and compositions for the treatment of the heart. Such compositions may comprise based on the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the product support tissue repair. The composition can be used for many purposes. In some cases, they may be introduced into the subject in order to protect and / or repair damaged heart tissue.


The covariant background-field method is applied to calculate the three-loop contribution to the ..beta.. function of the two-dimensional nonlinear sigma model on an arbitrary Riemannian manifold without torsion.


Taking 'Xilin 3','Xifu 1','Xiangling' and 'Qiangtele' walnut fruits as materials,the fruit and nut appearance character indexes were determined.The results showed that,each fruit index of 'Xilin 3' walnut performed better than other three walnut varieties,and the differences with other varieties of the same index had reached a very significant level;kernel weight of 'Xilin 3' walnut had no significant difference with 'Qiangtele',while other nut indexes of 'Xilin 3' walnut performed better than 'Xifu 1','Xiangling' and 'Qiangtele',and the differences with other varieties of the same indexes also reached a very significant level;appearance character indexes of walnut fruit and nut had a significant correlation,that the correlation coefficient of kernel weight and fruit weight,fruit transverse and side diameter,nut longitudinal diameter and fruit longitudinal diameter were all over 0.91,and with fruit appearance character index,nut size and kernel weight could be estimated through regression equation.


The paper analyzed the importance of the mine equipment information management, introduced the procedure and content of the equipment full service life period management and in detail stated the each part function of the equipment assets rental management system.


The protestant cemetery of Saint-Maurice as well as what remains of the Charenton Temple (1607-1686) are among the most recently excavated sites of the Val de Marne. The salvage excavation directed by J. Y. Dufour of Institut national de recherches archeologiques preventives (INRAP) in 2005, where a medical facility was built, was instrumental in flagging not only an important 17th century protestant cemetery, but also in locating the foundations of the first temple built in 1607, that was the most important reformed church of the French realm. The cemetery is all the more special from an anthropological point of view since its funeral population comes from the Huguenot community of Paris, probably over a period of 80 years from 1606 to 1685 (Dufour & Buquet, 2006). The identification (Dufour, 2001) and the excavation that concerned the western part of the cemetery allowed for the identification of 163 individual burials, one double burial, and seven ossuaries. The funerary, anthropological and pale pathological contexts feature funerary practices related to the protestant cult and a sanitary state that have been rarely studied in a modern era in Northern France. Besides a plague epidemic that appeared as soon as 1636 or even before in the area of the Marne mander, and more precisely in Saint-Maurice, psoriatic arthropathy (or psoriatic arthritis) lesions were diagnosed on the skeletons of an important population that had never been described before. The lesion symptoms of this polyarthritis found on the mobile joints, especially on the interphalangeal articulations are rarely observed because of the preservation of the skeletons.

 Key words : psoriatic arthropathy, pathology, modern population, 17th century, Charenton temple, France

doi: 10.4314/ijma.v1i4.2


Simulation program Geant 4 based on Monte Carlo method was used to analyze key parameters (length, shape and layers) of capillary array filled with liquid scintillant. Optimal design of capillary array for laboratory X-ray tubes was obtained. Influence of incident direction and absorber on capillary array imaging was analyzed. Imaging of parallel incidence of X-ray was found to be better than a conical incidence angle of 60-degree, also absorber must be added between individual capillaries to reduce crosstalk and to improve resolution. Simulation experiment on X-ray transmission imaging of aluminum plate was carried out. Capillary array filled with liquid scintillant was found to be able to obtain aluminum profile information, and obtain thickness information of aluminum plate according to the law of X-ray attenuation. Since the inner diameter of a single capillary can be down to micrometers, this coupled with high-resolution optical detection, capillary array could be applied to X-ray transmission imaging at micrometer scale.


The partograph allows adequate fetal-maternal care during childbirth and the immediate postpartum in a maternity hospital. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of the correct use of the partograph in maternity hospitals in the Kisanga Health Zone in Lubumbashi.

 It was a cross-sectional study on the holding of the partograph, carried out in the Kisanga health zone in Lubumbashi during the month of November 2018. In total 794 partograms completed during the study period by providers in 89 maternity wards were analyzed. Two indicators have been known for the proper use of the partograph (for the decision price) and compliance with the benchmark. An element was considered correctly applied if its compliance rate was greater than 75%. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20

 Of 794 partograms collected, 63.6% were official (MSP or WHO) and 36.4% of wealth. In 32.6% of maternities, filling the partograph was easy. In total, 10.1% of maternities made the decision based on the line of attention of the partograph and 17.2% based on the line of action. The overall compliance rate for filling the partograph was 43.4% [41.1-45.6]; it was 50.0% [47.8-52.5] for maternal parameters, 54% [52.8-56.0] for fetal-adnexal parameters and 48.2% [47.4- 49.0] postpartum. The decision-making was 18.4% [18.2-18.5] and the filling time 33.3% [29.3-37.3]. It was found that 85.1% of partograms were completed during labor and 3.0% postpartum. The first point was correctly placed on the alert line in 19.6%

 Partograph coverage, correct use and compliance rate are low in the Kisanga health zone. It turns out to be imperative to reinforce the correct use of the partograph and to rethink, if possible, a more simplified model with very sensitive items.

 This study has just helped to identify the parts of the partograms which are among the least filled and therefore the least understood by health care providers in health facilities. It has the merit of putting the thorny question of simplifying partograms back on the table for discussion in order to facilitate optimal use.


m Annie Selden received her B.A. from Oberlin in 1959, her M.A. from Yale in 1962, and her Ph.D. in topologica! semigroups from Clarkson in 1974. She has taught at universities in the U.S., Turkey and Nigeria. She is an Associate Professor of Mathemat? ics at Tennessee Technological University specializing in colle? giate mathematics education research. She is on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching and edits (with her husband, John Selden) the Re? search Sampler column of UME Trends. The Seldens have investigated calculus students' ability to solve nonroutine prob? lems and college students' conceptions of proof.


As one viewpoint of three in the PLoS Medicine Debate on whether drug companies are living up to their human rights responsibilities, Paul Hunt (the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health) and Rajat Khosla argue that pharmaceutical companies have been noncompliant and that better accountability mechanisms are needed.


The quality of electrical power is the major important goal of all researchers. In utility power system it has been observed that harmonics build a major role in reducing the quality power. These harmonics caused by nonlinear loads. Many consumers appliances demand quality power continuously for their operation. The performance of the end user equipment is heavily dependent on the quality of power supplied to it. This power is affected by various external and internal factors. They are like voltage and frequency variations, faults, outages etc. The solution to overcome these problems is to filter out these harmonics. For this purpose, there are many filters topologies are proposed and studied in the literature to eliminate harmonics currents. In this paper, three phase 4-wire hybrid filter is proposed with Self-Tuning-Filter (STF).in this paper, a hybrid power filter is proposed to solve problems of line harmonic currents and neutral line currents of three phase four wire power distribution system. The hybrid filter is three-arm power converter with split capacitors. This configuration uses a smaller number of power electronic switches to reduce the manufacturing cost. The use of STF in the control method can optimize the performance of this topology regarding to classical one. The proposed control strategy is simulated in MATLAB Simulink and the results are presented. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 26-11-2018 Date of acceptance: 07-12-2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Nondestructive strength Equations are commonly used to determine the strength of concrete. However, the application of the existing equations may include many errors because this method is proposed on the basis of limited experimental parameters while actual bridges have various parameters such as conditions of concrete mixtures, properties of concrete strength, etc. Also, the error among the existing equations causes the confusion when engineers select the proper estimation equation for the concerned bridge. In this study, a series of the field inspection and the test have been performed on 297 existing bridges, in order to evaluate the bridges, based on the test results of the in-depth inspection, and the estimated strengths by means of the nondestructive strength equations are analyzed and compared with results of the core specimen strengths. According to results of analyses, the nondestructive strength equation proposed by CNDT Committee of Architectural Institute of Japan had high relationship with core strength. However, the strengths predicted by this equation, are underestimated when concrete's strengths are over 30 MPa, otherwise, they are overestimated. Also in this paper, based on the relationship between the estimated nondestructive concrete strengths and the core specimen strengths the modified strength equation through simple correlation analysis is proposed.


Providing domestic partner benefits to State of Arizona employees' domestic partners will have several financial effects on the state. The possibility of cost increases is usually high on the list of employer concerns about partner benefits, although a great deal of evidence suggests that cost increases will be small. However, just as important are the benefits that the State of Arizona will see if state employees can cover a domestic partner, and those benefits will offset some of the costs of coverage. Based on our own research and a review of research of other academics, we conclude that the State of Arizona will see the following effects from offering benefits to state employees' same-sex or different-sex domestic partners: 1. Spending related to Medicaid and uncompensated health care for uninsured people is likely to fall. 2. Current employees will be healthier, more satisfied, and less likely to leave their jobs. 3. Domestic partner benefits will increase the ability of public employers to recruit talented and committed employees. 4. In addition to the benefits, health care costs would increase by a small amount.


In syntax,the constructions of "lian" can emphasis various kinds of syntactic functions and syntactic structure s.In sentence patterns,there are mainly several types in syntactic construction:coordination and combination,insertion and complementation,inclusion and compariso n.Comparing with the two constructions,we find that their pragmatic functions are becoming simila r.The two constructions mainly differ in some aspects:highlight feature and highlight comparison,emphasis modality and emphasis cause,stress on inclusion and stress on affinity,focus on intangibility and focus on content,special collocation and common collocation,semantic hierarchy and pragmatic hierarch y.


We describe a method to reduce the invasiveness of the atomic force microscope (AFM), thereby improving the spatial and potentially temporal resolution on soft samples in liquid. This has been achieved by miniaturising the cantilever probes, thus decreasing the thermal noise in the force measurement, and by accurately tracking the tip-sample interaction via changes in the cantilever phase or resonance frequency. While these methods are increasingly being implemented in commercial AFM systems, this combination is highly non-trivial due to the mesoscopic hydrodynamic interactions between the cantilever and the sample. We characterise and provide a solution to overcome this phenomenon and demonstrate the power of the miniaturised probes by resolving the DNA double helix [1].


Japan was hit by a very strong earthquake and subsequent tsunami on 11th March 2011, and railway services in Tōhoku were extensively disrupted. Reconstruction proceeded swiftly and nearly all railway lines were back in service by the end of April. The fast pace of reconstruction is due to reinforcement of the infrastructure, which has been carried out since the Kōbe earthquake of 1995, where damage was more serious. However, rebuilding those lines close to the Pacific coast that were damaged by the tsunami (six JR lines and the Sanriku Railway) has not yet started, because no decision has been made about if and how to relocate the coastal towns and villages. A relocation to higher ground is desirable to protect the communities from future tsunami damage, but a shrinking and ageing population combined with a bleak regional economy pose serious problems for the economic viability of railway services, although they have served the region well in the last 100 years.


The hypothesis was tested that the negative effect of mineral nutrient deprivation (-N and -P) on the hydraulic conductance (Lo) of wheat roots may be relieved by increasing the fluidity of plasma membrane (PM) lipids through elevated temperature. An increase in root temperature from 20 to 30 degrees C increased the sap flow, Jv, from the excised roots of nutrient-deprived plants for 4 h, with a corresponding increase in Lo. In the same period, there was a decline in the flux of osmotically active solutes (Js) to the xylem. As the duration of the period at 30 degrees C increased, it was clear that the differential in Lo between control and nutrient-deprived roots was maintained, even though Lo was significantly greater than the initial (20 degrees C) value after 48 h. The lipid order parameter, determined by fluorescence polarization of 1,6 diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), decreased markedly in two-phase purified PMs in the first 4 h of treatment at 30 degrees C, but thereafter remained steady. The differential between control and nutrient deprived roots was maintained throughout the 48 h period. The correlation between lowered Lo in nutrient deprived roots and increased PM lipid ordering remained unchanged in conditions where the overall membrane fluidity was increased by elevated temperature.


We study an abstract mixed variational problem, the set of the Lagrange multipliers being dependent on the solution. The problem consists of a system of a variational equation and a variational inequality. We prove the existence of the solution based on a fixed-point technique for weakly sequentially continuous maps. We then apply the abstract result to the weak solvability of a boundary-value problem that models the frictional contact between a cylindrical deformable body and a rigid foundation.


Supervised learning scenarios, where labels and features are possibly mismatched, have been an emerging concern in machine learning applications. For example, researchers often need to align heterogeneous data from multiple resources to the same entities without a unique identifier in the socioeconomic study. Such a mismatch problem can significantly affect the learning performance if it is not appropriately addressed. Due to the combinatorial nature of the mismatch problem, existing methods are often designed for small datasets and simple linear models but are not scalable to large-scale datasets and complex models. In this paper, we first present a new formulation of the mismatch problem that supports continuous optimization problems and allows for gradient-based methods. Moreover, we develop a computation and memory efficient method to process complex data and models. Empirical studies on synthetic and real-world data show significantly better performance of the proposed algorithms than state-of-the-art methods.


Recent monkey studies showed that motoneurons of the oculomotor nucleus involved in upward eye movements receive a selective input from afferents containing calretinin (CR). Here, we investigated the sources of these CR‐positive afferents. After injections of tract‐tracers into the oculomotor nucleus (nIII) of two monkeys, the retrograde labeling was combined with CR‐immunofluorescence in frozen brainstem sections. Three sources of CR inputs to nIII were found: the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle (RIMLF), the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and the y‐group. CR is not present in all premotor upward‐moving pathways. The excitatory secondary vestibulo‐ocular neurons in the magnocellular part of the medial vestibular nuclei contained nonphosphorylated neurofilaments, but no CR, and they received a strong supply of large CR‐positive boutons. In conclusion, the present study presents evidence that only specific premotor pathways for upward eye movements—excitatory upgaze pathways—contain CR, but not the up vestibulo‐ocular reflex pathways. This property may help to differentiate between premotor up‐ and downgaze pathways in correlative clinico‐anatomical studies in humans.


Pre-Deregulation in the US - Carriers were not able to compete in terms of price - Service quality and frequency were the main means by which they competed - Load factors were low and unit costs high as a result - A study by Jordan (Airline Regulation in America, 1970) of inter-state trunk airline fares in 1965 showed that if there had been no regulation these would have been 32 –47% lower


The purpose of research to decided the right dosage of dicamba herbicide and crop spacing which can control nuts edge in hybrid corn field. The research was conducted at Sako, Kenten, Palembang on red yellow podsolic soil with altitude 4 m from the sea level, from January to April 1995. The design was split plot, with the main plot crop spacings and subplot dosage of dicamba herbicide. Treatment of crop spacings were 75 cm x 15 cm, 75 cm x 25 cm, 75 cm x 35 cm, while the dosage of dicamba herbicide treatments were 0, 0,25, 0,50, and 0,75 l ha-l. Result showed that best control of nuts edge obtained on dosage of dicamba herbicide 0,75 l formulation ha-1, but the highest dry weight of hybrid corn seed gotten on dosage 0,50- 0,75 l formulation ha-l. Dasage of dicamba herbicide 0,75 l formulation ha-l was not toxic to hybrid corn. At the treatment of crop spacings, the best control of nuts edge and the highest of seed corn dry weight obtained on the 75 cm x 15 cm crop spacings.


This paper examines whether UK firms that locate their R&D activity in the USA benefit more than other UK firms from knowledge spillovers originating from US R&D. Patent data provides a firm-level measure of the location of innovative activity, which enables the identification of knowledge spillovers associated with "technology sourcing". We find evidence for such spillovers, although the data do not currently allow a clear differentiation between technology sourcing and an absorptive capacity effect. Future research may be able to clarify these issues by using an enlarged dataset and exploiting more of the information provided by the patent data. In particular the use of citations data to create a more precise measure of the spillover pool available to each firm provides a potentially fruitful avenue of research. ∗Acknowledgement: The authors would like to thank .... Financial support for this project was provided by the ESRC Centre for the Microeconomic Analysis of Fiscal Policy at the IFS. The data was developed with funding from the Leverhulme Trust. †Institute for Fiscal Studies and University College London (email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com) ‡University College London and Centre for Economic Performance


Abstract : Several different full-motion Tv teleconferencing systems using non-compatible motion codecs have been implemented. These video teleconferencing systems operate at various data rates with varying degrees of performance. In order to provide for the compatibility and interoperability among video teleconferencing systems, the study was initiated by the National Communications System to compare existing motion codecs to determine the feasibility of establishing federal standards. The objective was to identify those parameters which would require standardization in order to achieve interoperability in full-motion video teleconferencing systems. (Author)


Seven proteins have been isolated from a champenois Chardonnay still wine by concanavalin A affinity chromatography. The proteins of 24/25, 30 and 60/64 kDa are then purified by preparative isoelectric focusing (pH gradient 2.5−5) and by preparative SDS−PAGE. The 30 kDa protein presents a low hydrophobicity (780 cal/amino acid residue), a homogeneous molecular weight, and an isoelectric point close to 2.5. It also has the characteristic of being retained by Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA). Proteins of 24/25 and 60/64 kDa present heterogeneous MW, a pI close to 3.9, and a hydrophobicity 30% superior to that of the 30 kDa molecule. Moreover, these two proteins are not retained by LCA. The three analyzed proteins are not susceptible to O-glycosidase activities. In return, the 24/25 kDa protein undergoes a 3100 Da variation after treatment with the peptide-N-glycanase F:  it is a true N-glycosyl protein. The comparison of the must and the corresponding wine proteic fractions isolated by concanavalin A shows t...


ABSTRACT This article discusses the piping erosion time, where pipes start to erode in aquifers underneath dikes and dams until they reach their critical values. The magnitude of the piping erosion time significantly determines the risk of failure of water defences. The time-scale equation is based on a sediment mass balance equation and appropriate bedload transport predictors, assuming the erosion process to be continuous. We argue that the flow is laminar for pipes in sandy aquifers and turbulent for pipes in gravel aquifers. We then account for aquifer composition in examining pipe erosion by discussing different bedload transport predictors for each flow regime. To estimate the turbulence intensity, we have used and modified the Einstein bedload transport theory. The time-scale relation includes the effects of meander bends and has been tested for some experiments on a small scale and on a large scale.


The theory and practice of modern professional higher and secondary education is actively looking for directions and technologies for improvement. Many scientists and teachers, other subjects and stakeholders of education believe that all social institutions, especially educational ones or those related to education, science and art (culture) should develop in accordance with the risks and requirements, limitations and possibilities of a changing present and unknown, unpredictable future and super-unstable, complicated present. These areas and technologies, as well as education itself, are very diverse. Their reflection and research can be carried out and partially carried out at various levels, in very different and sometimes unexpected angles, transforming not only professional education in itself, but also professional-labor, domestic and other social relationships. The purpose of the study is to understand the problem of studying individual educational paths of teachers' supplementary education in the context of solving problems: 1) to increase the productivity and effectiveness of training and future teachers, 2) to improve education, training and professional work of future specialists and specialists involved in their retraining, as well as 3) the organization and optimization of psychological and pedagogical support of modern educational and other professionally-work teachers in general and further education. Methodology and research methodology. The work includes a multi-level and multi-aspect, system-theoretical understanding of the problems of individual educational trajectories in the additional education of teachers in the context of solving the problems of increasing the productivity and effectiveness of educational and vocational training / retraining and the activities of future and already existing teachers. The proposed study serves as a continuation of the idea of the need for system analysis and the importance of identifying holistic strategies for studying and resolving the problems of building and implementing individual educational paths in the additional education of teachers, including in the context of increasing the productivity and effectiveness of educational training and the activities of future teachers. The results of the study. The paper notes that the centuries-old history of research on ways to optimize education in philosophy, culturology, sociology, pedagogy, psychology and other sciences allows us to identify several leading semantic guidelines that are continuums that are essential for the development and implementation of programs, methods and techniques for the formation of aspects. The article highlights the main binaries of the development and revision of different models and technologies of education as a process and the result of the formation and development of a person as an individual, partner and professional. The studying of the individual educational paths in modern pedagogy and psychology is a problem that should be based on numerous studies of education, training and upbringing) of a person as a person, partner and professional, accumulated by the science of Russia, Kazakhstan, and other countries Materials of International Practical Internet Conference "Challenges of Science" 60 of the former USSR and the world as a whole, throughout the emergence and development of education. It is also darkly connected with the interpretation of probabilistic scenarios of future education transformations, the construction of education foresight projects.