Exponential growth of CO 2 and other greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere is causing climate change. It affects agriculture, forestry, human health, biodiversity, snow coverand aquatic to mountain ecosystems. Changes in climatic factors like temperature, solar radiation and precipitation have potentials to influence crop production. Despite many efforts possible on combating impacts of climate change, there are still difficulties in Nepalese agriculture. With an average of 0.06oC/yea, a rise in temperature from 1975 to 2006 by 1.8oC has been recorded in the country. Problem of frequent drought, severe floods, landslides and mixed type of effects in agricultural crops have been experienced in Nepal because of climate change. Study done on CO 2 enrichment technology at Khumaltar revealed that the yield of rice and wheat increased by 26.6% and 18.4% due to double CO 2 , 17.1% and 8.6% due to increase in temperature respectively. A crop simulation model (DSSAT) to study the effects of CO 2 , temperature and rain in NARC showed positive effect in yield of rice and wheat in all regions, but negative effect in maize especially in Terai. In Nepalese agriculture, the time has come for the authorities to find out adaptive measures to mitigate the effects to reduce untold natural calamities and miseries due to recent erratic weather pattern. Key words: Agricultural crops; GHGs and CO 2 ; Temperature; Precipitation The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:.9, Jun.2008  page:62-71


ABSTRACT Background: Most literature on decision processes within physiotherapy relates to "reasoning that results in action" – decisions based on information including assessments that are gathered prior to treatment decisions. A process of "reasoning in interaction" that is often used, particularly by expert clinicians, has received less attention. Objective: To provide a theoretical and practical approach to applying reasoning in interaction in a musculoskeletal setting. Methods: The theory is: If an impairment that can be directly targeted by treatment (i.e. pain or limitation of passive movement) is related to patient's active impairments and functional limitations, then moment-to-moment changes in the targeted impairment can be used as feedback to guide real-time treatment modification before formal reassessment of functional limitations and other impairments. Results: Applying the theory to manual therapy results in parameters of techniques such as force, speed, direction and duration no longer being pre-determined, but rather being continually adjusted in real-time according to feedback from the patient through both therapist perception (changes in movement quantity or quality) and patient verbal responses. Conclusion: A process of continuous decision-making is described that the authors believe is used by many experienced clinicians but has not previously been adequately described in the literature. .


ABSTRACT Through an embedded single-case study design and qualitative methods, this article describes the school-wide implementation and preliminary results of a restorative practices (RP) program within a culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) elementary school. Located in an urban area with high rates of crime, violence, and poverty, the three-year multisystemic project brought school psychology knowledge and skills to (a) use multicultural consultation and participatory methods to introduce, adapt, and support RP in a CLD school, (b) present findings related to teachers, parents, students, and school climate, and (c) increase youth, parent, and community engagement and voice. The authors developed a comprehensive, culturally relevant model through an interdisciplinary school-university-community partnership. They used multicultural consultee-centered consultation, including bilingual/bicultural practices and cultural brokers, and participatory culture-specific intervention methods to collaboratively design, implement, and evaluate outcomes for students, parents, teachers, and others.


MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are RNA molecules of approximately 22 nucleotides(nt) that recognize target mRNAs by perfect or imperfect complementary base-pairing and thereby result in mRNA degradation or translation repression.A large number of studies have revealed essential roles for miRNAs in a wide variety of biological processes such as cellular proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and tumorigenesis.Currently,methods like northern blot,real-time PCR or microarray,have been widely used to quantify miRNA expression.However,these techniques are often time-consuming,laborious and of requiring repetitive sampling and invasive procedures.Recently,the remarkable development of molecular imaging techniques have enabled repeated noninvasive quantitative imaging of miRNAs in living cells.Herein,we reviewed the molecular imaging strategies that have been developed to visualize miRNA expression in living subjects based on different reporter gene systems.


The utility model discloses a novel vacuum packaging structure for a rotor of a large-sized turbo generator. The novel vacuum packaging structure comprises a composite aluminum foil material, a square timber, a double-headed screw and a rubber sheet; the rotor is wrapped by a double-layered PE (Poly Ethylene) bubble wrap first and then the composite aluminum foil material; the rubber sheet is arranged at a position where the square timber is in contact with the rotor wrapped by the composite aluminum foil material, thus the composite aluminum foil material is effectively prevented from being damaged; the double-headed screw is used for fixing the square timber after the rotor is firmly clamped by the square timber; the composite aluminum foil material is sealed by adopting a heat-sealing technology, and is vacuumized by a dust collector after being sealed to leave a small opening; the small opening is sealed by adopting the heat-sealing technology when the composite aluminum foil material is vacuumized to a certain extent (with a vacuum degree not smaller than 90%); and therefore the sealing performance of a rotor package is enhanced. The novel vacuum packaging structure has a promising future.


A modification of the floating spherical gaussian orbital (F.S.G.O.) method, in which the core orbitals are replaced by a pseudopotential, is used to perform electronic structure calculations on the series of group IV compounds XH3, YH3(X, Y = C, Si, Ge). The good geometry predictions of the all electron F.S.G.O. method for such group IV compounds are reproduced in the present scheme. In addition a partial improvement of the orbital energies over those of the all-electron F.S.G.O. results for C2H6 is observed. Rather good orbital energies are also found for Si2H6. An explanation of this observation is offered.


It is well known that the elements of PSL(2, ℂ) are classified as elliptic, parabolic or loxodromic according to the dynamics and their fixed points; these three types are also distinguished by their trace. If we now look at the elements in PU(2,1), then there are the equivalent notions of elliptic, parabolic or loxodromic elements; Goldman classified these transformations by their trace. In this work we extend the classification of elements of PU(2,1) to all of PSL(3, ℂ); we also extend to this setting the theorem that classifies them according to their trace. We use the notion of limit set introduced by Kulkarni, and calculate the limit set of every cyclic subgroup of PSL(3, ℂ) acting on . Given a classical Kleinian group it is possible to "suspend" this group to a subgroup of PSL(3, ℂ); we also calculate the limit set of this suspended group.


Objective: To assess the change in headache hours with fremanezumab in patients with chronic (CM) and episodic migraine (EM). Background: Fremanezumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG2Δa) that selectively targets calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), is efficacious in preventing migraine. Design/Methods: In two concurrent Phase 3, 12-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group studies, patients with prospectively confirmed CM (≥15 headache days and ≥8 migraine days/month) or EM (6–14 headache days and ≥4 migraine days/month) were randomized 1:1:1 to receive subcutaneous fremanezumab quarterly (675 mg at baseline, and placebo at Weeks 4 and 8), fremanezumab monthly (CM: 675 mg at baseline and 225 mg at Weeks 4 and 8; EM: 225 mg at baseline, Weeks 4 and 8), or placebo (at baseline, Weeks 4 and 8). The change from baseline in the monthly average number of hours with headache of any severity and of at least moderate severity during the 12-week treatment period was evaluated. Results: In patients with CM, headache hours of at least moderate severity were reduced from baseline (quarterly [mean]: 66.4 hours; monthly: 68.0 hours; placebo: 68.5 hours) with both fremanezumab dosing regimens (quarterly [least-squares mean]: −24.4 hours, P=0.0001; monthly: −26.4 hours, P Conclusions: Fremanezumab treatment reduced headache hours of any severity and of at least moderate severity among patients with CM and EM. Disclosure: Dr. Cohen has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Employee of Teva Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Gandhi has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Teva Pharmaceuticals.. Dr. Yang has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Teva Pharmaceuticals.


In recent times, the discussion of whether or not torture is ever permissible has become more prominent. This article analyses how that debate has played out in the House of Lords, mainly in relation to A v. Secretary of State for the Home Department (No.2). The House was unanimous in stating that torture is unacceptable, but other issues may arise in regard to the Special Immigration Appeals Commission, and the burden of proof relating to evidence.Abstract by Rose Goss.


where / is the thickness of the frost layer, Tf is the tern* perature at the air/frost interface, and Ts is the temperature at the frost/insulation interface. The thermal conductivity in Eq. (2) approaches the value for bulk ice as the frost density approaches ice density, and it approaches the thermal conductivity of air as the frost density approaches air density. In the thermal insulation, heat transport occurs solely by conduction. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity for the insulation is assumed to be linear. When substituted into the Fourier heat conduction law, integration leads to


This study Glarifi ¢ d relation of posture, behavioral patterns and sle ¢ p−wake rhythm of nursing homG residents with deterioratedADL. The methOds utilized were a behavioral tracking survey , a questlonnaire survey and observa 恒on by actigram .The results areas follows: 1)Changes of posture from lying, to sitting on a floor, and to sitting on a chair incrcased the ratio of awakening state accordingly ,2)When timc of ambulation became below"about 150−210


The contract of employment is a contract-reality. Its formation springs from the facts, when given certain circumstances previously defined by law, regardless of the form assigned by the parties. Portugal and Brazil similarly regulate the characterization of the employment relationship, but they protect in different density the contractual rupture by initiative of the company. This article intends to demonstrate these distinctions, especially in light of the constitutions of each nation surveyed.


The temperature dependence of small polaron hopping conduction in ceramic spinel NiMn_(2)O_(4+δ) thermistor material has been investigated. We used a theoretical framework based on a random resistor network model to describe small polaron nearest-neighbor hopping (NNH) and variable range hopping (VRH), following the principles of Shklovskii and Efros. We find that in printed thick films and in pressed pellets resistivity is described best by a VRH model of the form ρ~T^(2p) exp(T_(0)/T)^(p), whereas in thin NiMn_(2)O_(4+δ) films resistivity is better described by NNH, ρ~T exp(T_(0)/T). Steady state dc resistance vs temperature measurements for NiMn_(2)O_(4+δ) thick films, thin films, and pellets have been carried out and the parameters p and T_(0) determined. For thick films p was found to be ~0.5, indicating VRH with an approximately parabolic distribution of the density of states (DOS) around Fermi level. For pellets p was ~0.65, and in thin films ~1 indicating NNH. The increase of p was interpreted as an increase of disorder in the system, leading to strong electron localization effects and narrowing Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+) bandwidth. In thick films and pellets the DOS was determined by a parametrization related to the p value, giving 10^(20)– 10^(21) eV^(−1) cm^(−3). The characteristic temperature T_(0) was in the range of 2X10^(5) K in thick films, 3X10^(4) K in pellets, and 5X10^(3) K in thin films.


ABSTRACT In this paper double diffusive natural convection in a square cavity in the presence of external magnetic field has been studied numerically by Galerkin's weighted residual finite element method using velocity-vorticity formulation. Simulation results are reported for 0 < Ha < 200, buoyancy ratio, 2 < N < 2, 104 < Ra < 106 and field inclination angle varying from 00 to 3600 for different fluid systems, namely gas, water, and liquid Gallium. Results indicate that the streamline pattern is greatly influenced by the direction and intensity of magnetic field and at Ra = 1.0e5, the increase in Ha from 0 to 30 has resulted in a decrease in Nusselt number and Sherwood number by about 72% and 78% respectively. The inclination angle has played an important role in the suppression of heat and mass transfer, maximum suppression is experienced at Θ = 45 and 270 while minimum is recorded at Θ = 135 and 315. Liquid Gallium showed the least response to change in magnetic field intensity compared to other two fluids.


In terms of physiographic evolution, the existence of Lake Missoula
has been the most recent significant event in the western part of the state.
The "drowned" terrain can be expected to reveal the effects of such a great
body of water. The purpose of this study is to examine the morphologic
consequences of this impressive inland sea. The present report summarizes
results obtained to date.


Placental growth factor (PlGF or PGF) is a member of the VEGF family, which is known to play a critical role in pathological angiogenesis, inflammation, and endothelial cell barrier function. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PlGF mediates its effects in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) remain elusive. In this study, we performed transcriptome-wide profiling of differential gene expression for human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) treated with PlGF antibody. The effect of antibody treatment on the samples was validated using trans-endothelial electric resistance (TEER), and western blot. A total of 3760 genes (1750 upregulated and 2010 downregulated) were found to be differentially expressed between the control and PlGF antibody treatment group. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used for gene ontology and enrichment analysis to identify gene function, signal pathway, and interaction networks. The gene ontology results revealed that catalytic activity (GO:0003824) of molecular function, cell (GO:0005623) of the cellular component, and cellular process (GO:0009987) were among the most enriched biological processes. Pathways such as TGF-β, VEGF-VEGFR2, p53, apoptosis, pentose phosphate pathway, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, were among the most enriched, and TGF-β1 was identified as a primary upstream regulator. These data provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of PlGF in mediating biological functions, in relation to DR.


Although development of electrical vehicles seems to go forward, they are still best suitable for short range transportation, and are dependent of generation of clean electricity to be environmental friendly. The fuel cell has issues to be solved, for example low efficiency at loading, and also problem of generating and storing the hydrogen fuel in an efficient way. Recent years the hybrid vehicle has become popular, and it should be seen as a way to combine the best of the electrical vehicle with the combustion engine.
The combustion engine seems to remain as the main propulsion device for transportation for the near future, as it combines reliability with low cost, can use a variety of fuels, and the fuels are easy to distribute. The diesel engine is popular for its lower fuel consumption and CO2 emissions than the gasoline powered spark ignition engine. The major drawback of the diesel engine is the emissions of smoke and nitric oxides, NOx.
As crude oil prices are rising and emissions legislations become more stringent, there has been interest for new combustion concepts. One of the most promising is Partially Premixed Combustion, PPC, which can combine the low emissions of a spark ignition engine with the high efficiency of the diesel engine.
Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) is, like its close relative HCCI, a low temperature combustion technique that can result in improved efficiency and low emissions of particulate matter and NOx. By using gasoline, instead of diesel, higher loads and lower emissions is possible obtain.
While running gasoline PPC at high load has been investigated, the low load case has been more difficult to master. When the load is decreased less heat is produced, leading to ignitability problems. It is also assumed that the energy of the exhaust gases is not enough to generate the required boost at low load. If variable valve timing is used it is possible to use Negative Valve Overlap (NVO) to trap residual gases, and elevate the cylinder temperature and promote auto ignition, making lower load possible.
In this project a Volvo D5 passenger car diesel engine operated in single cylinder configuration was run in partially premixed combustion mode. Swedish diesel Mk1 and three gasoline fuels with different octane number were used. The engine was equipped with Cargine Engineering camless fully flexible valves.
The aim was to evaluate means to extend low load limitation with high octane gasoline. Different combinations of valve timing that resulted in different fractions of negative valve overlap were investigated, combined with fuel injection strategies and continually operated glow plug. Two different combustion chambers were also investigated.
III
The results show that negative valve overlap is a useful tool to obtain lower load operation in an engine operated in PPC with high octane gasoline.
As a complement to NVO, NVO-pilot injection was investigated, where the injected fuel is split into a main part and a part injected during the negative valve overlap. Different fractions of NVO-pilot were investigated. With NVO-pilot injection, combined with NVO, it was possible to reach lower loads. As the load is decreased, a higher portion of the fuel should be injected during the negative valve overlap.
The glow plug comparison showed that a continually operated glow has a small positive effect on low load operations running high octane gasoline PPC.
Finally, in the combustion chamber investigation it was found that a combustion chamber with a shallow bowl and deep valve pockets yielded in better results than the standard bowl shaped combustion chamber running PPC at low load.
With 69 RON gasoline 1 bar IMEPgross was easily reached, with no soot emissions and less EGR had to be used when compared with diesel to get the same NOx level.
With 87 RON gasoline lowest operating point with just one injection and NVO of 60 degrees was above 4 bar IMEPgross. Running with NVO and NVO-pilot injection, the lowest operating point was 1.2 bar IMEPgross.
With the same conditions using 97 RON gasoline, 2 bar IMEPgross was possible to reach with stable combustion, thus at the price of high level of HC and CO emissions. As a contrary to NOx, the HC and CO can be treated with a cost effective oxidizing catalyst.


Valentine's wonderfully rich though somewhat quirky Origins of Phyla includes a discussion of the cellular diversity of the various metazoan phyla, cells after all being the essential building blocks from which organisms are constructed. Table 8.1 lists his estimate of the celllevel diversity of some of the better known phyla (Valentine 2004 ): This table shows that (at least on one important conception of biodiversity) we would not measure diversity well by counting cell types; that would not, for example, capture the extraordinary exuberance of arthropod evolution. This poses no deep metaphysical mystery: diff erent systems can be built out of a common set of basic elements, just as diff erent sentences can be built from the same words. Development and evolution have exploited this combinatorial and structural freedom in building the incredible variety of arthropods. In general, when structured ensembles can be built from components with many degrees of freedom, and thus many diff erent ensembles can be built from the same components, we do not track ensemblelevel characteristics just by tracking characteristics of the components. This poses a potentially very serious problem for a theory of biodiversity. Biology appears to be hierarchically organized; with higher level structures built out of lower level constituents. On one very standard formulation of this idea, organisms comprise populations, populations comprise communities, and communities comprise ecosystems. Yet our tools for thinking about


Facing crises like those of the present, neither the Greek nor the Roman civilization was able to survive. The modern Western world, unlike its cultural predecessors, has developed the essentials of a system of familial values and preserved them despite their detachment from the real situation. If the family is to endure, the literate minority must assume responsibility for inculcating family doctrine in the social conscience of the masses.


This has always been a favorite of Barbara and Mike. They usually serve this with cornbread and a salad for a perfect fall/winter dinner. Easy and delicious.


General Introduction.- Bacterial Community Structures of Antarctic Soils.- Fungal Diversity in Antarctic Soils.- Invertebrates.- What Do We Know About Viruses in Terrestrial Antarctica?.- Microbiology of Eutropic Soil.- Fell-field Soil Microbiology.- Biological Soil Crusts.- Lithic Habitats.- Microbial Ecology of Geothermal Habitats in Antarctica.- Microbial life in Antarctic Permafrost Environments.- Primary Production and Links to Carbon Cycling in Antarctic Soils.- Climate Change and Microbial Populations.- Threats to Soil Communities: Human Impacts.- Antarctic Climate and Soils.- Antarctic Soil Properties and Soilscapes.- Origins of Antarctic Soils.


As axial and radial turbine designs have been pushed to their aerothermodynamic and mechanical limits, the mixed-flow turbine (MFT) concept has been projected to offer performance and durability improvements, especially when ceramic materials are considered. The objective of this NASA/U.S. Army sponsored mixed-flow turbine (AMFT) program was to determine the level of performance attainable with MFT technology within the mechanical constraints of 1997 projected ceramic material properties. The MFT geometry is similar to a radial turbine, exhibiting a large radius change from inlet to exit, but differing in that the inlet flowpath is not purely radial, nor axial, but mixed; it is the inlet geometry that gives rise to the name 'mixed-flow'. The 'mixed' orientation of the turbine inlet offers several advantages over radial designs by allowing a nonzero inlet blade angle yet maintaining radial-element blades. The oblique inlet not only improves the particle-impact survivability of the design, but improves the aerodynamic performance by reducing the incidence at the blade inlet. The difficulty, however, of using mixed-flow geometry lies in the scarcity of detailed data and documented design experience. This paper reports the design of a MFT stage designed with the intent to maximize aerodynamic performance by optimizing design parameters such as stage reaction, rotor incidence, flowpath shape, blade shape, vane geometry, and airfoil counts using 2-D, 3-D inviscid, and 3-D viscous computational fluid dynamics code. The aerodynamic optimization was accomplished while maintaining mechanical integrity with respect to vibration and stress levels in the rotor. A full-scale cold-flow rig test was performed with metallic hardware fabricated to the specifications of the hot ceramic geometry to evaluate the stage performance.


Background: Text neck is a repeated stress injury and pain sustained from excessive watching or texting
on handheld devices for long periods of time. This study was designed to guide us through occurrence,
awareness and consequences of text neck syndrome in physiotherapy students.
Method: The study design was an observational study with a sample size of 258 healthy physiotherapy students of the age
group 18-24 years. Students were asked to ll the questionnaires of Awareness of text neck syndrome (ATNS), NDI, SPADI and
Headache. The questionnaire collected the awareness of Text Neck Syndrome and its affects in the selected sample. CVA was
obtained and recorded photographically and was measured using Coral Draw X7 software.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated a low level of awareness of text neck syndrome amongst young physiotherapy students in
Dehradun. The study also depicted that daily mobile phone use for more than 2 hours resulted in mild pain and disability in the
neck and shoulder along with forward head posture. In addition the result depicted that subjects using phone more than 6 hours
were at higher risk of Text neck Syndrome


Checking the models about the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an important issue. Some famous ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, such as the SIR and SEIR models have been used to describe and predict the epidemic trend. Still, in many cases, only part of the equations can be observed. A test is suggested to check possibly partially observed ODE models with a fixed design sampling scheme. The asymptotic properties of the test under the null, global and local alternative hypotheses are presented. Two new propositions about U-statistics with varying kernels based on independent but non-identical data are derived as essential tools. Some simulation studies are conducted to examine the performances of the test. Based on the available public data, it is found that the SEIR model, for modeling the data of COVID-19 infective cases in certain periods in Japan and Algeria, respectively, maybe not be appropriate by applying the proposed test.


This study examines the effect of the number of COVID-19 cases and the price of shares in ASEAN countries on the stock market in Indonesia. The ARDL model is used in research in order to see the long-term and short-term effects. The results of the analysis show that in the long term only the Malaysian stock market has a significant effect on the Indonesian stock market, besides that in the short term it is found that the Malaysian stock market, Singapore stock market and the number of Covid cases in Malaysia have a significant effect on the Indonesian stock market.


Psychrophilic organisms play a significant role in global nutrient cycling and bioremediation, and thus there is great interest in understanding the details of their cellular processes. Here, we report the first electrochemical measurements of cytochrome c552 isolated from the model psychrophile, Colwellia psychrerythraea. Quasi-reversible redox behavior is observed at thiol-modified and bare gold electrodes with midpoint potentials of 247 and 277 mV vs SHE, respectively. Comparison of the voltammetric response on the two substrates illustrates the need for a modified surface to direct protein orientation and facilitate electron transfer in a reproducible manner. Temperature-dependence measurements of the current profile illustrate the protein's ability to participate in electron transfer reactions over a 50° range, which is supported by recent structural evidence of enhanced flexibility. These electrochemical findings allow the behavior of this psychrophilic cytochrome to be evaluated in the context of m...


Natural resource management agencies often need to manage problems caused by pest fish, but are constrained by inadequate information and insufficient time to find the necessary information before acting. Pest fish management is therefore best approached in a context of adaptive management, in which management actions provide an experimental framework from which to learn about solutions to the problem. The evaluation phase of any adaptive management exercise does not simply determine whether the management actions worked and identify subsequent actions. Evaluation provides information to fill the initial knowledge gaps. The learning process prevents repetition of costly mistakes, and provides psychological reinforcement at the individual and organisational levels so that the lessons are remembered. Adaptive management allows an iterative approach to pest fish management and evaluation, with stronger focus on evaluation in the early stages where limited prior knowledge creates greater uncertainty in the outcomes. Strong investment in monitoring and evaluation during the early stages of a pest fish management programme can reduce the effort allocated to evaluation during later stages when there is a greater level of certainty about the outcomes. Simultaneous implementation of multiple management strategies is an experimental approach, and requires standardisation across strategies, replication of strategies and suitable control areas that receive no management treatment.


We propose a dynamic management scheme for a terminal platform embedded on a device. A terminal platform makes it possible to provide the same services on multiple types of devices by unifying different aspects of the execution environment, such as hardware and OS, on each device. However, the platform is embedded on a device, so once a device is released to the market, it is impossible to add new features to the platform, or to upgrade it. Therefore, we introduce a dynamic management technology of OMA1 DM2 to dynamically manage the platform after it has been embedded on a device. In order to deploy OMA DM, we encapsulate our terminal platform by the functional module and define standardized interfaces between these modules. Then, we define management objects based on OMA DM SCOMO3 for dynamic management of the platform, so that an OMA DM client can dynamically control our platform. Finally, we verify this idea by implementing an IMS service module as a component of our platform, and by adding it dynamically to our platform through an OMA DM client.


Modular programming is a discipline of bottom-up programming that is based on the principle of information hiding, whereby each module of a software product exports its specification but hides its design. This principle offers many advantages, including support for better maintainability, better testability, better reliability, and better reusability. Object Oriented programming languages support modularity, but they do not substitute for a sound discipline of modular programming. In this paper, we present a formal discipline of modular programming, report on our experience using it in undergraduate and graduate courses, and speculate on its potential for scaling up.


IN this issue of EMR we embrace the concepts of safety and preparedness for engineering managers. While technology continues to advance and corporate budgets continue to get squeezed, engineers and managers find themselves in the uncomfortable position of having to do more with less. Where will the sacrifice come from and at what cost? Recent events, such as the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico (which was preceded by the fatal accident aboard the Deep Water Horizon) and the nuclear meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant (which was preceded by a tsunami of historic proportion) revealed problems that were deeply engrained in the 'safety culture' of the organizations involved. The impact of these tragic events exacerbated the need for corporations, governments, and the surrounding communities to be prepared to deal with the unexpected (although inevitable) catastrophes that lay ahead. Furthermore, these events revealed the pivotal role of 'leadership' during turbulent times, a topic addressed in several prior issue of EMR.


Photo-induced force microscopy produces images with spectroscopic contrast at nanometer scale resolution. In this presentation, the basic principles of the photo-induced force microscope are described and application examples of this technique are highlighted.


The invention discloses a simple breathing apparatus. The simple breathing apparatus comprises a mask, a reservoir bag, a ball bag and an oxygen connecting pipe. The simple breathing apparatus is characterized by further comprising a negative pressure device and a sterile plastic membrane; openings are formed in the two ends of the sterile plastic membrane; the sterile plastic membrane is composed of an a section, a b section and a c section; a negative pressure opening is formed in the ball bag; a negative pressure connecting base is arranged at the position of the negative pressure opening; the negative pressure device is connected with the negative pressure connecting base through a connecting pipe; one end of the ball bag is connected with the mask through a connecting pipe A; in the direction from the mask end to the ball bag, an exhalation valve and a one-way valve are sequentially arranged in the connecting pipe A in sequence, wherein a pressure safety valve is arranged at the position, between the one-way valve and the ball bag, of the connecting pipe A; the other end of the ball bag is connected with the reservoir bag through a connecting pipe B; and a gas storage valve is arranged at the position, located at a bag opening of the reservoir bag, of the interior of the connecting pipe B. The simple breathing apparatus is simple in structure; the sterile plastic membrane is arranged inside the ball bag when being used and is drawn away to be abandoned after being used; the simple breathing apparatus is convenient to use; and loads of medical workers for cleaning and disinfecting are reduced.


The method of hydrophobic modification of dispersed materials is based on the extraction of bituminous components of peat and applying them to a treated surface. The industrial implementation of this method is possible in the following main directions. First, it is the thermochemical treatment in a reactor of the entire material volume by hydrophobic components of peat with a low concentration. Second, it is the obtaining of concentrated hydrophobically-modifying compositions and their use in the production technology of various types of powdered dispersed materials. Positive results were obtained with organo-mineral hydrophobically- modifying concentrates based on peat with clinker, kaolin, chalk, lime, vermiculite. Third, it is the use of the sorption properties of the porous structure of peat to saturate it with additional hydrophobic components: bitumen, oleic acid, organosilicon compounds, etc. The main advantage of the obtained composite hydrophobic modifiers is quality (accurate) dosing. There are promising directions of the use of hydrophobically-modifying additives in the construction industry, chemical industry and to ensure fire safety. A block diagram of the technological process of complex peat processing to produce hydrophobic and hydrophilic powders is proposed. Additional processing of production wastes allows for the production of a stabilizing additive for asphalt concrete.


A solder suitable for stainless steel, carbon steel, and low-alloy steel contains Co (1.2-3.5%), Mn (2-4 Wt%), Ni (75-87), Fe (1-2), P (0.8-2), B (1-3), Cr (2-8), W (0.5-1), Si (0.5-1.8) and C (0.01-0.05). It features that its soldering temp is 400-500 deg.C lower than the smelting point of stainless steel and carbon steel and the smelting point of the soldered interface layer is increased by more than 200-300 deg.C, so it can be hot-rolled at 1000-1150 deg.C.


In this paper we consider simple inequalities involving iterated integrals in the inequality
(1.1) for functions when the function u in the both side of the inequality (1.1) are replaced by
the function w(u) and ϕ (u) for some functions w,ϕ and provide some retarded integral inequalities
involving iterated integrals. Some applications are also given to illustrate the usefulness of
our results.


Optimal choice of beam energy in radiation therapy is easy in many well‐documented cases, but less obvious in some others. Low‐energy beams may provide better conformity around the target than their high‐energy counterparts due to reduced lateral scatter, but they also contribute to overdosage of peripheral normal tissue. Beam energy was added as an optimization parameter in an automatic aperture‐based inverse planning system. We have investigated a total of six cases for two sites (prostate and lung), representative of deep‐seated and moderately deep‐seated tumors. For one case for each site, different numbers of beam incidences were considered. The other cases for each site were optimized using a fixed number of incidences. Four types of plans were optimized: 6 MV, 23 MV, and mixed energy plans with one or two energies per incidence. Each plan was scored with a dose‐volume cost function. Cost function values, number of segments, monitor units, dose‐volume parameters, and isodose distributions were compared. For the prostate and lung cases, energy mixing improved plans in terms of cost function values, with a more important reduction for a small number of beam incidences. Use of high energy allowed better peripheral tissue sparing, while keeping similar target coverage and sensitive structures avoidance. Low energy contribution to monitor units usually increased with the number of beam incidences. Thus, for deep‐seated and moderately deep‐seated tumors, energy optimization can produce interesting plans with less peripheral dose and monitor units than for low energy alone. PACS numbers: 87.55.de, 87.55.dk, 87.56.N‐


In this paper,it will be resolved progressive about background,cause and the conditions of the normal operation of "homicide case must be cracked",systematic analysis of the both positive and negative effects of Judicial practice,and trying to indicated that in the standard and restriction of the eliminating illegal evidence,the criminal policy of "homicide case must be cracked" will be produced more active effect in the criminal judicial practice of the present of China.


The main goal in English Curriculum Standard is to cultivate the students' ability of comprehensive usage of language and advocates new learning methods with experience,practice,participation,communication and cooperation.It emphasizes on the usage of English.In "suggestions for teaching",it points out that active extra-curricula activities should be organized to promote students' English learning.It shows the practicability of language and extra-curricula activities can promote the students' learning interest.The teachers are required to explore the practical teaching mode according to the factual needs of the students.


Abstract The characteristics of permeation and separation of acetic acid‐water mixtures through 85/15 (v/v) poly(vinyl alcohol)/malic acid (PVA/MA) membranes were investigated by evapomeation (EV) and temperature difference controlled evapomeation (TDEV) methods. The effects of permeation temperature, membrane surrounding temperature, and feed composition on the permeation rate and the separation factor were studied. The permeation rates increased but separation factors decreased with an increase in permeation temperature in EV method. Permeation activation energy of acetic acid and water in the evapomeation were calculated as 107.4 kJ/mol and 36.5 kJ/mol, respectively, using an Arrhenius type relationship. When the temperature of feed solution was kept constant and the temperature in the membrane surrounding was dropped, it was observed that the permeation rate and separation factor were significantly influenced by the temperature of membrane surroundings. The increase in the acetic acid concentration in the feed vapor mixture decreased the permeation rate and increased the separation factor except 40 wt.% acetic acid content. The best separation factor was found at a composition of 90 wt.% acetic acid as 800 in the EV and 860 in the TDEV. Separation index in both methods were also calculated, the separation index of TDEV method was found to be higher than that of EV method for azeotropic composition of acetic acid‐water. TDEV method for separation of acetic acid‐water mixtures through the PVA/MA membranes was found to be more effective than evapomeation method. The authors are grateful for the financial support from Gazi University Research Fund for the support of this study.


We present our study of kaonic three-body $\overset{\_}{K}NN$, $\overset{\_}{K}\overset{\_}{K}N$ and $KK\overset{\_}{K}$ and four-body $\overset{\_}{K}% NNN $, $\ $and $\overset{\_}{K}\overset{\_}{K}NN$ clusters within the framework of a potential model using the method of hyperspherical functions in momentum representation. To perform a numerical calculations for the bound state energy of the light kaonic system, we use a set of different potentials for the nucleon-nucleon and $\overset{\_}{K}N$ interactions, as well as for the kaon-kaon interaction. The calculations show that a quasibound state energy is not sensitive to the $NN$ interaction, and it shows very strong dependence on the $\overset{\_}{K}N$ potential. We also compare our results with those obtained using different theoretical approaches. The theoretical discrepancies in the binding energy and width for the lightest kaonic system related to the different $NN$ and $\overset{\_% }{K}N$ interactions are addressed.


Objective:To revise the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory(PTGI) in a sample of adolescents who experienced the Wenchuan earthquake.Method:The Chinese version of PTGI together with the Children' s Depression Inventory(CDI)and Children' s Revised Impact of Event Scale(CRIES)were administrated among 2 samples of the middle school students from two middle schools in Chongqing city.Result:A three-factor model of PTGI(interpersonal relationship,new possibility,and personal strength)was found in the first sample by exploratory factor analysis and was confirmed in the second sample by confirmatory analysis.The main parameters were as follows:IFI=0.990,CFI=0.990,RMSEA=0.051,and χ2/df=3.082.The original five-factor model(IFI=0.987,CFI =0.981,RMSEA=0.053,and χ2/df =3.317)was also tested by confirmatory analysis and was found inferior to the three-factor model.The reliability of the revised scale was acceptable,with Cronbach' s a coefficients ranging from 0.66~0.85.The total score of PTGI and the score of sub-scales were moderately correlated with the intrusion scale in CRIES,with coefficients ranging from 0.19 to 0.27.The total score of PTGI and the score of sub-scales were negatively correlated with CDI,with coefficients ranging from -0.21 to -0.29.Conclusion:The newly revised adolescent version of PTGI demonstrates good structure validity and acceptable reliability.It may be a potentially good instrument to measure posttraumatic growth among Chinese adolescents.


Since the conventional strategy, namely scaling of device dimensions in ultimately scaled shorter-channel-length MOS transistors, is less effective to enhance transistor performance, another strategy is strongly demanded. Stress engineering is one of the most promising performance boosters for the ultimately scaled MOS transistors. In this paper, we will introduce the physical mechanisms of the drain current enhancement induced by stress. We will discuss the mechanisms based on the band structure modification by stress. The effectiveness of the stress engineering in future devices is also prospected.


Title: Green Marketing: A study of student's perceptions and preferences in the University of Gavle Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Authors: Ryan Patromo Molo and Justin Carre Supervisor: Dr. Ehsanul Huda Chowdhury Date: May 2015 Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the factors that may influence the purchasing behaviour of the students of the University of Gavle with regards to green products. This study aims to answer the question if the following factors such as: gender of the students, price of the green product, level of green awareness and the green behaviour of the students and whether they have a significant difference with the purchasing behaviour of the students. Design/methodology/approach: The framework is structured on the bases of examining the correlation between the following variables, green behaviour, gender, level of green awareness of the respondents and the price of the product with regards to the purchase of green products. Data was collected via randomly distributed questionnaires and an online survey. SPSS version 22.0 was used to analyse the results of the questionnaires through correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. Findings: Our findings show that the genders of the respondents, level of green awareness and the green behaviour have a significant, positive influence on their purchase behaviour, whilst the price of the green product has a negative influence on the purchasing behaviour of the students of the University of Gavle. Limitations and Suggestions for further research: The limitations of the study were the time, size of the sample group as well as the language of the questionnaire. To enhance the representation of the sample, future research should aim at targeting a larger sample group and a wider variety of variables should be examined. Originality: The study examines a variety of factors other than the green awareness of the respondent, that influences the purchasing behaviour of the respondents and this information could provide important results for companies when it comes to marketing a green product. Keywords: Green Marketing, Green Awareness, Green Behaviour, Green Products, Purchase Behaviour, Gavle. Table
  of
  Contents Chapter 1: Introduction
  ..........................................................................................................................
  1 1.1
   Background
  ..................................................................................................................................
  1 1.2
  What
  is
  green
  marketing?
  ...............................................................................................................
  1 1.3 Historical background of green marketing
  ......................................................................................
  2 1.4 Need for the Study
  ............................................................................................................................
  3 1.5 Aim of the Study
  ...............................................................................................................................
  4 1.6 Disposition
  .......................................................................................................................................
  4 Chapter 2: Theoretical Background
  .......................................................................................................
  6 2.1 The characteristics of green consumers
  ..........................................................................................
  6 2.2 Individual's actions could be predicted by their attitudes
  ...............................................................
  7 2.3 The consumer behaviour
  ..................................................................................................................
  7 2.4 Consumer's awareness about green products
  .................................................................................
  8 2.5 The Effects Price has on the Purchase of Green Products
  ..............................................................
  9 2.5 The college consumer: Millennial Generation
  ................................................................................
  9 2.6 Green consumer market segmentation
  ...........................................................................................
  10 2.7 Conceptual Framework
  .................................................................................................................
  11 2.8 Hypotheses
  .....................................................................................................................................
  13 Chapter
  3:
  Methodology
  .....................................................................................................................
  14 3.1 Research Design
  ............................................................................................................................
  14 3.1.1 Exploratory Research
  .................................................................................................................
  14 3.1.2 Conclusive Research
  ...................................................................................................................
  15 3.1.3 Selection of Research Design
  .....................................................................................................
  16 3.2 Research Approach
  ........................................................................................................................
  17 3.2.1 Inductive Approach
  .....................................................................................................................
  17 3.2.2 Deductive Approach
  ...................................................................................................................
  17 3.2.3 Selection of Research Approach
  .................................................................................................
  17 3.3 Type of Research
  ...........................................................................................................................
  17 3.3.1 Quantitative Research Data
  .......................................................................................................
  19 3.3.2 Qualitative Research Data
  .........................................................................................................
  19 3.3.3 Selection of Type of Research
  .....................................................................................................
  20 3.4 Data Collection Method
  ................................................................................................................
  20 3.5 Data Presentation
  ..........................................................................................................................
  22 3.6 Data analysis
  .................................................................................................................................
  22 3.6.1 Correlation Analysis
  ...................................................................................................................
  23 3.6.2 Regression Analysis
  ....................................................................................................................
  24 3.7 Reliability and Validity
  ..................................................................................................................
  25 Chapter
  4:
  Empirical
  Study
  ..................................................................................................................
  27 4.1 Description of the Respondents
  .....................................................................................................
  27 4.2 Survey results
  .................................................................................................................................
  28 4.2.1 Description of the Respondents as Consumers
  ...........................................................................
  28 4.2.2 Green Behaviour of the Respondents
  ..........................................................................................
  29 4.2.3 Factors that Affect the Purchase of Green Products
  ..................................................................
  30 4.2.4 Respondents Perceptions on Green Marketing Practices
  ...........................................................
  31 4.2.5 Information about Green Marketing Practices and the Most Important Components of Communication
  ....................................................................................................................................
  33 4.2.6 Respondents Perceptions on Environmental Concerns
  ..............................................................
  34 4.3 Correlation Analysis
  ......................................................................................................................
  36 4.4 Regression Analysis
  .......................................................................................................................
  37 5.1 Analysis of Sample Selection and Sample Distribution
  .................................................................
  40 5.2 Analysis of the correlation between variables and confirmation of hypotheses
  ............................
  42 5.2.1 Discussion on H1
  ........................................................................................................................
  42 5.2.2 Discussion on H2
  ........................................................................................................................
  43 5.2.3 Discussion on H3
  ....................................................................................................


In PRL 85, 3773 (2000) it was suggested to use random polynomials to analyze and understand the properties of two-body random ensembles. In this comment we point out that for the vibron model the random polynomial is not quadratic, but has a more general form. We make a comparison for the percentage of ground states with L=0 in the vibron model with random interactions.


Halftone images are often difficult to be processed without causing severe degradation contrary to grayscale images. This gives the purpose to improve many techniques to reconstruct from their corresponding halftones the continuous images that permits a wide range of operations during transmission or processing. The demand for fast image reproduction increases every day and much effort and research has been made on finding new methods and models for different tasks in the printing field. Since quality and speed are generally conflicting, it seems advantageous to come up with intermediate techniques providing better images in less time. The main work here emphasizes on the algorithm given in M. Mese and P.P. Vaidyanathan (2000), with new considerations in order to speed it up.


By measuring the capacity change of ethyl cellulose in n-butyl acetate solutions and determining the frequency at which the dielectric dispersion is 0.50, the same general dependence of the intrinsic viscosity on the critical frequency was found as has already been reported for solutions in other solvents. The difficulty in measuring capacities for solutions of high dissipation factor could be overcome either by using a special resistance network with the bridge, or by inserting large values of capacity in parallel with the bridge arms. The latter procedure appears to offer possibilities for use with solvents of still higher dielectric constant and is being investigated at present in this laboratory.


In this paper, we aim to overcome three major shortcomings of the FDH (Free Disposal Hull) directional distance function through developing two new, named Linear and Fractional CDFDH, complete FDH measures of efficiency. To accomplish this, we integrate the concepts of similarity and FDH directional distance function. We prove that the proposed measures are translation invariant and unit invariant. In addition, we present effective enumeration algorithms to compute them. Our proposed measures have several practical advantages such as: (a) providing closest Pareto-efficient observed targets (b) incorporating the decision maker's preference information into efficiency analysis and (c) being flexible in computer programming. We illustrate the newly developed approach with a real world data set.


ABSTRACT

DWIKY PRANATA, The Role Kartu Jakarta Pintar (KJP) and Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (BPJS Kesehatan) in Improving Public Welfare in DKI Jakarta 2014 – 2016. Economic Education, Faculty of Economics, University of Jakarta, in 2017.

This study aims to determine the effect of whether Kartu Jakarta Pintar and BPJS Kesehatan on Welfare Society in DKI Jakarta in 2014-2016. The research method used in this research is by using panel data that combine time series and cross section method. The time series data used in this research is in 2014-2016 which is calculated every quarter and cross section data used is 6 cities / districts in DKI Jakarta. The data used are quarterly data obtained from BPS, Pusat Pelayanan Pendanaan Personal dan Operasional Pendidikan (P4OP) Dinas Pendidikan Provinisi DKI Jakarta Office, BPJS Jakarta Regional IV Office. This research uses panel data regression model with random effect model. The results of partial analysis show Kartu Jakarta Pintar and BPJS Kesehatan have a significant positive effect on Community Welfare in DKI Jakarta. . The results of the simultaneous analysis show Kartu Jakarta Pintar and BPJS Kesehatan have a significant positive effect on the Welfare Society in DKI Jakarta. The variation of influence of both free variables shows the value of R2 equal to 0.746583. This value indicates that 74% of public welfare variation in DKI Jakarta is influenced by Kartu Jakarta Pintar and BPJS Kesehatan. While the rest is influenced by other factors outside the research model.

Keywords : kartu jakarta pintar, badan penyelenggara jaminan sosial kesehatan, prosperity society, human development index


Construction contracts in the Middle East often suffer from delays and cost overruns. This can be attributed to many factors, such as the modifications carried out by project owners on standard contract conditions, lack of understanding of basic contractual issues by the contract parties, the never ending changes in legislation and regulations, poor documentation during contract administration, and the influence of local culture on the performance of the contract parties. Dependence on foreign firms to handle contractual issues in large projects has not helped in building up local experience in this field. This paper concentrates on these issues and their impact on contract balance and legalities. Also, due to the sluggish legal system in the Middle East, other methods to settle disputes including arbitration and amicable settlements have become a necessity. Sometimes, settlements are enforced on unfair bases, creating injustice and continuing problems in the confidence and future relationships between th...


This paper proposes a methodology for testing the characteristics of a newly formed subset of communication: 'electronic literacy.' This literacy includes instant messaging, emailing, and blogging, which have all recently become commonplace in society. As of interest to linguists and many scientists, the language of our youth forms the communication of the future. This paper quantitatively analyzes characteristics of vocabulary size, rank-frequency, and Levenberg-Marquardt regressions of Zipfian distributions. From these results, we can make conclusions about the possible future of language and the debilitating or regenerative effect of electronic literacy.


In order to evaluate the relationships between attacks by the mahogany shoot borer Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) and host growth and phenology, field trials of Spanish cedar Cedrela odorata and American mahogany Swietenia macrophylla established in Costa Rica were assessed intensively over an 84 week period. Height growth of C. odorata was approximately twice that of S. macrophylla , with mean growth rates of 2.0 and 1.3 cm week −1 respectively. Cedrela odorata displayed pronounced temporal variation in leaf phenology, with a minimum of 51% of trees in leaf during a relatively dry period. In contrast, the minimum proportion of foliated S. macrophylla trees was 87%. No shoot borer attacks were recorded on S. macrophylla until week 50 after the onset of assessments, whereas initial attacks of C. odorata were recorded during week 6. By week 84, the proportion of trees attacked was 74% and 77%, respectively. In both species, attacks were concentrated in seasonal peaks, coinciding with the production of new shoots. Pronounced spatial variation in attack was observed in both species. At week 12, the number of attacks per block in C. odorata was negatively correlated with available calcium concentration (r=0.85, P C. odorata was positively correlated with available phosphate concentration (r=0.84; P C. odorata and 0.4% S. macrophylla remained undamaged to a height of 3 m. It is suggested that control methods for the mahogany shoot borer should take account of temporal dynamics in attack, and relationship to host phenology. Manipulation of the soil nutrient status may also form part of an integrated approach to pest management.


Abstract : Brooke Army Medical Center (BAMC) is a 450-bed tertiary care hospital with a multi-fold mission to provide comprehensive patient care, medical education, and research. The implementation of managed care has caused BAMC's focus to shift from an academic role to a primary care role, with increased emphasis on productivity and cost-effectiveness. Successfully balancing managed care programs and graduate medical education (GME) programs has been especially challenging because managed care goals are often inconsistent with the traditional goals of a specialty driven, academic teaching institution. This project studied data on BAMC's Internal Medicine Residency Program (1993 - 1999) to identify changes attributable to implementation of managed care. Results showed both positive and negative impacts. It has increased the staff's focus on prevention and on their responsibility to provide a continuum of care to enrolled beneficiaries. This has had a positive influence on the procedure workload for internal medicine because it is a primary care service. However, research and workload data indicate that the environment for training and education is becoming more constrained.


This study investigates the use of three major categories of DMs by 40 male Saudi EFL teachers in their English classrooms, viz., additive, causative, and adversative DMs. The analysis revealed that the participant teachers used the three major DM categories; however, the additive discourse markers recorded the highest mean scores. The findings also indicate that DMs performed a number of pragmatic functions; they are deployed to express a cause, to show continuity and addition of new information, and to express contrast, denial and cancellation. Moreover, the results revealed that the participant teachers made many errors in the use of the DMs under investigation, but such errors fell into the category of misuse. The study concludes that English language and literature programmes at the Saudi universities should revise their curricula so that a special attention is given to DMs. Moreover, teacher training programmes should focus on conjunctive discourse markers because of their impact on the cohesion of both spoken and written discourse.


Whole cottonseed and its derived products can be used as human food, animal feed, and industrial raw material. Chemical composition of cottonseed is one of the critical parameters for evaluating its quality and potential end use. Especially, protein and dietary fibers are two desirable nutritional properties of cottonseed for animal feed. In this study, we determined their contents in cottonseed harvested from different fertilization managements with or without wheat cover crop in two consecutive years. Seed content of crude protein increased in the order of no fertilizer ? poultry litter ? chemical fertilizer. Both neutral and acid detergent fiber profiles were affected by fertilization and planting year/cover crop in an order reversing that of crude protein. Few statistically significant (P>0.05) impacts were observed on the content of acid detergent lignin. Observations derived from this work will provide information on nutritional value and digestibility of cottonseed as affected by cropping management practices.


SummaryIn this work, the LiNbO3/SiO2/Quartz substrate (LiNbO3-on-quartz, LNOQ) was fabricated in wafer scale using ion-cut process. 3D finite element analysis was used to design this structure. The 36°YX quartz was chosen to achieve good confinement of acoustic energy. The 42°YX LN was chosen to get large electromechanical coupling coefficient (k2) and suppress the Rayleigh mode. The 4-inch LNOQ wafer shows high film thickness uniformity of 597.8 nm ±1.8%. The fabricated shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) resonator shows large k2 of 28.1% and high-quality factor of 959, thanks to the good confinement of acoustic energy and low RF loss of quartz. Besides, the resonators show clean out of band response due to the moderate acoustic velocity of quartz.


The oil wells in the Yudong block of Yingmaili area have encountered serious asphaltene deposition problems during production, which adversely affected the productivity of oil wells. Hence, it is necessary to carry out experiments to study the phase behavior of the well fluid and the characteristics of asphaltene deposition. Experimental research began with the preparation of simulated gas-bearing crude oil and the conduct of PVT tests. Then, the laser solid deposition analyzer was employed to study the asphaltene deposition characteristics of gas-bearing crude oil under reservoir conditions. Finally, differential scanning calorimetry experiment was carried out to measure the initial asphaltene precipitation temperature and quantitative characterization the deposition amount of the ground degassed crude oil. Results show that there are four phases areas of "gas-liquid-solid", "gas-liquid", "liquid-solid" and "pure liquid" for gas-bearing crude oil at different temperatures and pressures, and temperature is an important factor affecting asphaltene precipitation in Yudong oil wells. The initial asphaltene precipitation temperature of the surface degassed crude is 23.05 °C, with instantaneous deposition reaching a maximum of 0.01178 % at 6.2 °C and cumulative deposition reaching 8.34 % at −30 °C. This research provides a strong support for effectively overcoming the asphaltene blockage challenge in Yudong block.


were diagnosed between 1950 and 1964. Vital status as of January 1, 1988 was ascertained for 98% of the 548 patients who participated in the baseline survey and were alive as of January 1, 1982. Fifty-four cases died during the 6-year follow-up (32 male, 22 female). Proportional hazards analysis revealed that heavy smoking was a significant independent predictor of all-cause mortality among females but not males. The excess mortality in female diabetics was explained primarily by a marked excess risk of coronary heart disease mortality in smokers. These data strongly suggest that cigarette smoking, especially among diabetic females, should be avoided in order to improve longevity. (Circulation 1990;82:37-43)


Heat capacity measurements of Ni substituted FeSi has been presented in this report. Iron Silicide (FeSi) is one of the fascinating semiconductors among cubic hybridized semiconductors. Energy gap in FeSi is very sensitive with external impurities.Ground state properties of FeSi could be modified by using various substitutions. In this report we have shown the implications of impurity states formation at very low level doping (x = 0.005) as well as for higher doping comparable to metal-insulator transitionconcentrations (x = 0.02, 0.04) through calorimetric studies.


UNLABELLED
The need for information to the families of critically ill patients is still not covered by the professionals involved.

OBJECTIVE
Develop and implement a new process of informing relatives of critically ill patients.

METHODOLOGY

DESIGN
Participatory Action Research guided by the PEPPA Model (A Participatory, Evidence-Based, Patient-Focused Process for Advanced Practice Nursing Role Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Field of study: general ICU of a tertiary university hospital (December 2011-May 2012).

SAMPLING
convenience.

SAMPLE
11 relatives, 10 nurses and 8 doctors with more than one year of experience in ICU.

DATA COLLECTION
semi-structured interviews and 10 participant observations.

DATA ANALYSIS
content analysis of the interviews, observations and field notes.

RESULTS
The EPA identified the need to systematize and structure the information process to families. Having received approval and commitment from the major stakeholders (doctors and nurses), we designed an algorithm and protocol performance, based on the results and on the best available evidence, to improve the process information to families of critically ill patients. To do this, EPA developed the following skills: direct clinical practice, coaching and guidance, consultation, collaboration, leadership, research and ethical decision making.

CONCLUSIONS
A plan to improve the relatives of critically ill patients'process of information has been developed and implemented by the EPA. By the evaluation, it will be able to see the benefits of incorporating the advanced role and encourage its implementation in Spain.


The invention discloses an oximido diphenyl urea compound as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The oximido diphenyl urea compound is a novel compound with the antitumor activity, which has the good inhibitory activity to VEGFR-2 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2) kinases and can be used for preparing antitumor medicines. According to the oximido diphenyl urea compound, each oximido and each hydroxyl are adjacent so as to form an intramolecular hydrogen bond, so that the affinity and the inhibitory activity of the compound and the VEGFR-2 are enhanced; and meanwhile, the physicochemical properties such as the water solubility and the like of the compound are improved by leading the hydroxyls into the compound, so that the medicine likeness of the compound is improved.


The article deals with the actual trends of municipal educational system development. Their research actuality depends on objective tendency in Russian education development: increasing state and society demands to country municipal educational system in the sphere of quality, efficiency and availability of educational service; necessity of forming machinery of country education development: territorial system including modern school models (including lacking specified number schools) realizing modern educational programs using innovations in educational techniques; models and techniques raising the level of country teachers skill. The author of this article gives the definition of this notion, municipal educational system classification, description of experiment and its results in forming Tomsk Region educational system.


PURPOSE: A system and a method for providing information about a state of road surface and a state of traffic are provided to detect a freezing state or a soaking state of the road surface by installing a sensor to a vehicle. CONSTITUTION: A sensor portion(110) has a vibration sensor(111) and a humidity sensor(112). The vibration sensor(111) is used for sensing a state of road surface on the basis of a vibrating state of a vehicle. The humidity sensor(112) is used for sensing a state of freezing and a state of soaking on the basis of humidity of the road surface. A vehicle terminal(120) has a wireless portion(122), an interface portion(123), a storage portion(124), and a control portion(121). The wireless portion(122) performs wireless communication with a base station. The interface portion(123) is used for connecting various multimedia devices with a portable device such as a notebook computer. The storage portion(124) stores information of the sensor portion(110), the wireless portion(122), and the interface portion(123). The control portion(121) controls operations of the sensor portion(110), the wireless portion(122), the interface portion(123), and the storage portion(124).


Content-based retrieval of spatio-temporal patterns from human motion databases is inherently nontrivial since finding effective distance measures for such data is difficult. These data are typically modelled as time series of high dimensional vectors which incur expensive storage and retrieval cost as a result of the high dimensionality. In this paper, we abstract such complex spatio-temporal data as a set of frames which are then represented as high dimensional categorical feature vectors. New distance measures and queries for high dimensional categorical time series are then proposed and efficient query processing techniques for answering these queries are developed. We conducted experiments using our proposed distance measures and queries on human motion capture databases. The results indicate that significant improvement on the efficiency of query processing of categorical time series (more than 10,000 times faster than that of the original motion sequences) can be achieved while guaranteeing the effectiveness of the search.


There are two approximations in basic chirp scaling processing.First,there is the Taylor-approximation by neglecting higher or-der terms on range frequency.The second approximation is lack of updating the secondary rang compression with range.With the resolu-tion higher,the efforts arising from approximations can't be neglected,which leads to degradations of image evidently.The paper presents an improved CS algorithm which evidently improves the phase accuracy by compensating the cubic polynomial on range frequency,im-proving the effect of the image.Simulations show that method presented in this paper is effective.


Permission for inclusion in IUPUI ScholarWorks granted by Reference and User Services Association (RUSA), June 2010. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. [BREAK] Publisher: American Library Association [BREAK] This item submitted to IUPUI ScholarWorks as part of the OASIS Project.


For earthquake hazard estimation the data containing large historical events and recent complete observations with various uncertainty should be used together. The traditional maximum likelihood method is not adequate for this kind work. The maximum probable earthquakes in the Korean Peninsula are e...


: Where context ofect occurs in word recognition process has been a constant debate in exploring language processing system. Our previous study (lkemurn, 2001) suggests that context effect oocurs in the actiyation phase of the word recognition process, rather than in the seleetion phase. This study hies to reinforce the claim by analyzing word recognition results with two models: the logogen model and the cohort model. The experiment is conducted with Japanese college students. The same target words were dictated to the subjects in isolation, in linguistic context, and in situational context. The recognition of target words significantly increased when both linguistic and situational contexts were given together. This significant increase can be explained better by the logogen model, which argues for context effect in the activat{on phase. The results ofthe experiment suggest that auditory input and context can interact to inforrn appropriate word candidates.


New records for three species of the algicolous genus Epigloea (Ascomycota) from Spain are given, expanding considerably their distribution range southwards. Some remarks on one specimen of E. cf. medioincrassata found in Sierra de Gredos are made.


Th e purpose of this article is an attempt to show the development of Polish social work based on the works of Prof. Ryszard Borowicz. In the text were subjected to scientifi c refl ections defi nitions and the main categories of research described by the author, which may be a starting point for the development of the theory and practice of social work (human dignity, work, equality and social justice, the auto-selection). Th e author devotes attention to questions of education and social work tasks facing contemporary social work. Text analysis R. Borowicz has allowed many fi ndings. Th e main thing is that social work is transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary science that combines the traditions of diff erent disciplines (especially sociology, pedagogy, social policy), the creation of social theory and practice should benefi t from the experience of the world, but without forgetting the native and most importantly you need think about the future, and not focus on the present, because there will be more social problems and new needs that challenge for social work. Notably, many of the issues raised by the researcher is still valid and therefore worth reaching for his works and re-discover them. 350 Aneta Baranowska, Katarzyna Wasilewska-Ostrowska


For the liquid products of the oligomerisation of C3-C12 alphaolefins the values of poles of the Walther viscosity dependencies have been found to be a function of monomer size and oligomerisation initiation system. In this paper some new relationships are described that have been found between the value of kinematic viscosity and average number molecular weight. These dependencies allow definition of the functional relationship between kinematic viscosity, size and structure of oligomer and temperature; a program can be written for rapid and sufficiently precise determination of viscosity-temperature dependencies and average number molecular weights, both for fractions and for mixtures of alphaolefin oligomers.


K.K.Pillay contributed much for the reconstruction of history of South India.  Among them "The Early History of Nanchilnad", "Suchindrum Temple – A monograph", "Studies in the History of India with special reference to Tamil Nadu", deserve special mention.
                As per Dr. K.K. Pillay's point of view the history of Nanchilnad has not been reconstructed in a systematic manner so far on the basis of the entire available data.1  Till now, it has received little more than a left handed treatment at the hands of writers of Travancore History.  The reason for this circumstance was that early historians of Travancore viewed Nanchilnad as an integral part of that country.  For example writers like Pachu Muthatu, Shangunny Menon, Nagam Aiyya and T.K. Velu Pillai had the tendency of not giving  proper  attention  as well as an objective presentation with Nanjilnad.  But significantly Nanchilnad has all the time constituted a distinctly separate unit, socially and culturally different from the rest of Travancore which had woefully ignored them.  A systematic utilization and a proper interpretation of the Tamil sources, literary and epigraphic are essential in a scheme of true reconstruction of south Indian History.  Nanchilnad has played an important role in the history of south India for almost all the leading dynasties of south India which were associated with Nanchilnad at one stage or another.2


This study aims at delivering water introduction model through playing activities for group B kindergarten students. Water introduction model develops cognitive, affective, psychomotor aspects which are adapted with the curriculum and the characteristics of group B kindergarten students. This model is hopefully used by the teacher in teaching and learning process of group B kindergarten. This study was a research and development conducted in 9 steps by adapting educational research and development according to Dick & Carey's Model. The result of the study is a water instroduction model for kindergarten students consisting of 6 games, they are: (1) colored-ball game, (2) spilled water game, (3) morning-bath game, (4) sea creatures game, (5) treasure game, and (6) donut and peanut race. Model is compiled in a guidance book entitled "Jelajah Air". According to the experts and teachers, it can be concluded that the water introduction model for kindergarten students is appropriate for kindergarten group B students and in accordance with the curriculum. Moreover, this model can develop cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects so that it is feasible for teaching group B kindergarten students.


The development of a concept for a system is a key step toward creating the system's architecture. Most previous concept development approaches focus on the procedures for the conceptual design activity—the sequence of activities and tasks. Our work is motivated by the desire to elaborate in details the notional content of a system concept and to provide the means of encoding and analyzing it in a digital environment. The objective of this work is to develop a system concept representation framework that can systematically represent the concept's constituents, their definitions, and interconnections. In order to demonstrate the utility of this framework, we have conducted three studies: mapped eight selected US patents, nine selected urban architectural patterns, and three selected software patterns to the framework. Patents, urban architectural patterns, and software patterns each contain a rich body of knowledge about the system they describe, and therefore they must logically contain a description of the concepts underlying them. We show that the main features of proposed framework can be found in patents, urban architectural patterns, and software patterns. The major utility of the framework is that it provides the means to encode existing system concepts and to inform the conceptual design of new systems, contributing to the INCOSE Model‐Based Conceptual Design initiative.


This is an exciting time in dialysis patient safety. There has been a remarkable convergence of interest in understanding and reducing healthcare-associated infections in the dialysis setting among a range of partners. This includes dialysis providers, quality improvement organizations, public health departments, and other stakeholders such as hospital-based providers and patient advocates. This issue of Seminars in Dialysis is dedicated to important and emerging concepts related to measuring, preventing, and managing dialysis patient infections. Contributing authors were specifically asked to address gaps in our knowledge and to translate policy or evidence into practical information and strategies for providers. The first article sets the stage by providing an overview of the US Department of Health and Human Services' National Action Plan to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) for EndStage Renal Disease Facilities. (1) The dialysis provider community has an integral role in implementing the changes needed to achieve these important and worthwhile national targets. The Plan is summarized and explained in the context of larger HAI prevention efforts occurring in hospitals and other healthcare facilities throughout the nation. Realizing the vision represented in the Action Plan requires novel approaches to HAI surveillance and dedicated efforts to implement interventions based on evidence from well-conducted trials. Experience and evidence from hospital settings are shared and applied to dialysis to help advance the science on a variety of topic areas in this outpatient setting. This includes the prospect of conducting infection surveillance based on electronic medical record data, a concept that is well suited to dialysis centers. Most outpatient dialysis centers lack a connection to hospital infection prevention programs, yet the patient population and complex care provided in these centers warrant relatively sophisticated infection prevention efforts. Insights from hospital-based programs are thoughtfully summarized to help guide the development of infection prevention programs within dialysis centers. Evidence and best practices are directed toward the challenge of identifying and interpreting blood culture results in dialysis patients, a subject that has significant impact on clinical care, as well as HAI surveillance in this setting. Concepts that are sometimes taken for granted are explained in more detail, providing a sound rationale for dialysis providers to better support patient immunization and water quality monitoring recommendations. Lessons learned from disease outbreaks involving water contaminants or hepatitis C transmission are reviewed. And of note, suggested steps for detecting new hepatitis C infections and managing the infection control implications of such events in this setting are outlined for the first time. Several emerging issues are also described, including the importance of multidrug resistant organisms in the dialysis patient population, antimicrobial use and stewardship in dialysis centers, and the risk of vascular access infection associated with the buttonhole (or same-site) method of arteriovenous fistula cannulation. Finally, the evidence surrounding catheter-related infection prevention, for both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients is summarized, along with a review of cost data for select interventions focused on hemodialysis catheter-related infection prevention. Together, these papers highlight the multiple opportunities that exist to improve practices and dramatically reduce healthcare-associated infections in dialysis centers. The contributing authors not only donated their time and work to this issue, but graciously engaged with me in an attempt to advance our collective understanding of infectious complications in dialysis and the future of infection prevention in this setting. For this, I am grateful. I also wish to thank Dr. Richard Sherman for inviting me to serve as guest editor and my CDC colleague, Dr. Alexander Kallen for his numerous insights.


A set of recurrence relations similar to that of Kennett and Kerry (1979) suitable for P-, SVand SH-wave generation in stratified isotropic and transversely isotropic media are presented. The recurrence relations are derived by working directly with the second order equations of motion and the constitutive relations. An improvement to the computational efficiency of the reflection matrix method is achieved by this solution procedure. For the Pand SV-waves, the recursive construction scheme of this thesis requires fewer algebraic operations for computing the reflectivity and transmissivity coefficients, ranging from 15 per cent less for a source in the half-space to 50 per cent less for a source in the top layer, than the reflection matrix method. For the SH-waves, the algorithms of this thesis require 82 (or 89) per cent of the algebraic operations required by the reflection matrix method for a source in the top layer (or half-space). The recurrence relations contain no growing terms, thus providing unconditionally stable algorithms for computing complete synthetic seismograms. The complete expansion of the transfer function for SH-waves from a point source in layer s of the stratification is a series of 2n n— s +1 terms in the denominator and a series of 2 terms in the numerator. The result of Wang (1982) from ray summation is shown to be a special case of our general result. Two numerical studies are presented. The first study is of the long-wave equivalence between a periodically layered isotropic medium and an homogeneous transversely isotropic medium. The synthetics for the two media show observable differences. The differences are small, and they occur in the later arrivals of the P-wave coda and in the shear and surface wavetrains. The second study is of the effects of different degrees of uniaxial anisotropy on the crustal phases. The group velocities of the Pgand Lg-waves are strongly influenced by elastic anisotropy. When the range of group velocities travelled by the Lg-waves in an isotropic medium is compared with that travelled by the Lg-waves in a transversely isotropic medium, the per cent difference between the two ranges is the same as the per cent difference between the horizontal shear wave velocities of the two media. The same observation holds for the Pg-waves except that the horizontal velocities now refer to those for the longitudinal waves.


With respect to inconsistent findings on the interplay between usability and aesthetics, the current paper aimed to further examine the effect of these variables on perceived qualities of a mobile phone prototype. An experiment with four versions of the prototype varying on two factors, (1) usability (high versus low) and (2) aesthetics (high versus low), was conducted with perceived usability and perceived beauty, as well as hedonic experience and the system's appeal as dependent variables. Participants of the experiment (N = 88) were instructed to complete four typical tasks with the prototype before assessing its quality. Results showed that the mobile phone's aesthetics does not affect its perceived usability, either directly or indirectly. Instead, results revealed an effect of usability on perceived beauty, which supports the "what is usable is beautiful" notion instead of "what is beautiful is usable." Furthermore, effects of aesthetics and of usability on hedonic experience in terms of endowing identity and appeal were found, indicating that both instrumental (usability) and noninstrumental (beauty) qualities contribute to a positive user experience.


A patient with familial Pelger-Huet (PH) anomaly, which accompanied tuberculosis, and acute polyarthritis is described. Investigations surrounding this case suggests that the immunological abnormalities may be associated with the PH anomaly and the tuberculosis, and that the complications may be related to the development of the acute polyarthritis.


Chronic constipation is a disorder characterized by unsatisfactory defecation that results from infrequent stools, difficult stool passage, or both over a time period of at least 12 weeks. In this report, we review the general and comparative effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of drugs for chronic constipation. Our review covers the use of the following in adults and children with chronic constipation and Irritable Bowel Syndrome, constipation-predominant (IBS-C): docusate calcium, docusate sodium, lactulose, lubiprostone, polyethylene glycol 3350, psyllium, and tegaserod.


Abstract
 A description is provided for Arthonia ilicina, which is frequently found on living and dead bark of smooth-barked trees, usually but perhaps not invariably in regions with a moist climate. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (South Africa), North America (Canada (British Columbia, Newfoundland), USA (Alaska, California, Florida, Louisiana, Minnesota, Oregon, Washington)), South America (Argentina, Ecuador, Chile), Asia (Taiwan), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Azores, Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands)), Australasia (Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia)), Caribbean (Cuba), Europe (Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Ukraine, UK)). This species is routinely used in the British Isles as an indicator when making ecological assessments, and specifically as an indicator of ecological continuity, particularly in the west of Ireland and the west of Scotland, and of oceanic and temperate rain forest.


Welgampola and Carey have missed evidence that shows how utricular and saccular function can be differentiated, and here the authors note that evidence and report a new result that further substantiates the differentiation.


To the Editor: Domı́nguez-Cruz et al responded to our report by stating that acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruptions (AELEs), ''are observed usually in patients with various forms of organic hyperacidaemia and not in all IMDs (inherited metabolic disorder),'' and suggested that the term acrodermatitis acidemica is adequate for describing AELE in organic acidemias. Nonetheless, in our study, we observedAELE in patients with various other IMDs, including organic acidemia (n = 9), urea cycle defect (n = 1), and phenylketonuria (PKU) (n = 2). The term acrodermatitis acidemicawas introduced by Rudolph Happle to describe cutaneous lesions that resemble acrodermatitis enteropathica in several types of branched-chain aminoacidopathies (1).However,AELE has been reported in cases of organic acidemia, urea cycle defects, and PKU (2), which are metabolic disorders of different aminoacids, andacidemia is not associatedwith urea cycle defects or PKU (3). Domı́nguez-Cruz et al reported that all their cases with AELE—including an ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency case—had isoleucine depletion. Low plasma levels of arginine, citrulline, and ornithine were previously reported in AELE associated with urea cycle defects [OTC deficiency, citrullinemia, and carbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) deficiency] (4,5); however, AELE resolved in all the cases following arginine supplementation, suggesting that arginine deficiency alone was the cause. Pascual et al (5) reported isoleucine, arginine, and citrulline depletion in their OTC patient withAELEand suggested that theAELEwas associated with low levels of all three amino acids. These reports, including ours, show that arginine is an amino acid important for keratinocytemetabolism and its deficiency can also cause AELE. We observed AELE in two PKU patients, which was noteworthy. Both PKU patients had erythematous, erosive, and scaly lesions on the neck, diaper area, and dorsum of the hands and feet (Fig. 1); one of the patients had cheilitis and sparse hair, highly suggestive of AELE. AELE resolved in both cases soon after beginning dietary supplementation with phenylalanine. As phenylalanine is also an essential amino acid, we think that its deficiency may have caused an amino acid imbalance that affected keratinocyte metabolism. To the best of our knowledge, AELE was not previously reported in PKU. Domı́nguez-Cruz et al wrote that the resolution of the lesions in our study was slow; however, all of our patients responded well in a very short time to appropriate replacement of the amino acids deficient in their diet. Themean duration of AELEwe reported was prior to presentation, not the mean duration of resolution. In conclusion, asAELE is seen innumerousmetabolic disorders other than organic acidemias and the clinical presentation is similar in all, we still think that acrodermatitis dysmetabolica is a term better suited to describe AELE encountered in any metabolic disorder, including organic acidemia, urea cycle defects, and PKU.


Simple Summary Being a healthy carrier of a BRCA1/2 pathogenetic variant is not a contraindication to hormonal contraception and menopause hormonal therapy; however, insufficient knowledge on the topic frequently translates into suboptimal counseling and care. The results of this nationwide Italian survey show that, after being diagnosed as healthy carriers, only 24.5% used hormonal contraception and 28.4% menopause therapy, even though this reduced their quality of life, and the majority were not satisfied with the counseling received. Several misconceptions on the topic persisted, for example, 58.2% were not aware of the protective effect of hormonal contraception on the risk of ovarian cancer. These results highlight the need for educational initiatives on the topic, directed to both healthcare professionals and the population. Abstract Several myths and misconceptions exist about hormones in women with familial predisposition to cancer, and there are few real-life data on their prescription and uptake. To better understand how they are prescribed and accepted in healthy carriers of a BRCA1/2 pathogenetic variant, an online survey was uploaded on Google Forms and shared through social media closed groups of patients' associations, aBRCAcadabra and ACTO Campania. A total of 241 questionnaires were collected. Sexual quality of life was considered of the utmost importance by most of the respondents (mean score of 7 ± 2.8/10), but they felt the counseling they received by healthcare professionals on the topic was insufficient (4.9 ± 3.2/10). Only 57 women out of 233 (24.5%) had used hormonal contraception after being diagnosed as carriers of a BRCA pathogenetic variant, and 42 out of 148 (28.4%) underwent menopause hormonal therapy. The majority of women (53.6% for contraception and 61.5% for menopause) reported being dissatisfied with the counseling received, and 58.2% were not aware of the protective effect of hormonal contraception on the risk of ovarian cancer. An educational effort is desirable to guarantee healthy BRCA carriers reliable contraception and evidence-based menopause counseling.


The work focuses on a better understanding of the sub-quater micron ggNMOS device breakdown, compact modeling of the band-to-band tunneling enhanced substrate current and the observed gate hot hole injection current. Simple implications of the improved subbreakdown current model on the ggnNMOS model behaviour are shown. Finally, the observed TLP failure mode of the investigated devices is discussed.


COVID-19 is a disease outbreak that originated in China that is spreading rapidly throughout the world. COVID-19 spread in Indonesia in mid-March 2020. The spread of this virus caused losses to many countries, especially in the economic sector. In the field of education, COVID-19 also drastically changes the learning model; All learning activities are carried out online, starting from elementary school to university level. This research is a qualitative descriptive study that describes online learning activities at the Helvetia Institute of Health after it has been determined that all learning activities are carried out at home using online mode. The subjects consisted of 4 students and 3 lecturers at the Helvetia Institute of Health. Data collection using interviews. Based on the results of interviews, online learning activities at the Helvetia Institute of Health have been effective by using the Zoom, Google Classroom, Schoology, Webex, E-Learning, WhatsApp, and Cloux applications. Obstacles in the implementation of online learning are the problem of internet connection and inadequate economy.