Thermal residual stresses in freely quenched semicrystalline polymer slabs were calculated based upon the modifications of the Indenbom theory for inorganic glasses and linear viscoelasticity. These modifications were introduced to include the influences of crystallization on mechanical and physical properties of the polymer during free quenching. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetic model due to Nakamura et al. was employed to calculate the variations of crystallinity. In the case of the Indenbom theory, a polymer during crystallization was assumed to undergo an abrupt transition from an ideal plastic state to an elastic state upon the completion of crystallization. In the case of linear viscoelasticity, the Morland-Lee constitutive equation was utilized with the effect of crystallization on the time-temperature dependent shear relaxation modulus taken into account. The Spencer-Gilmore P - V - T equation of state was employed to model the specific volume changes during crystallization and used to determine the local thermal loading that results from inhomogeneous densifications and gives rise to the thermal residual stresses in the slabs. Based on the above theoretical work, the thermoelastic and thermoviscoelastic models were developed, and the corresponding numerical simulation schemes were formulated to calculate the residual thermal stresses in freely quenched slabs of semicrystalline polymers. Free quenching experiments were carried out under various cooling conditions using isotactic polypropylene. The layer removal method due to Treuting and Read was utilized to measure the residual thermal stresses. The simulated and measured results were then compared. The effects of quenching conditions and crystallization on the development of residual thermal stresses were evaluated. It has been found that both coolant types and coolant temperature have significant effects on residual thermal stresses. In contrast, initial temperature of the polymer melt shows a slight influence only.


Abstract : In contrast to the author's 1987 paper, which presented an algebraic synthesis of conditional logic and conditional probability starting with an initial Boolean algebra of propositions,this paper starts with an initial probability space of events and generates the associated propositions as measurable indicator functions (a la the approach of B. De Finetti). Conditional propositions are generated as measureable indicator functions restricted to subset of positive probability measure. The operations of and, or, not, and given are defined for arbitrary conditional propositions. The representation of the resulting conditional event algebra as a 3-valued logic (always possible according to a new theorem due to I. R. Goodman) is given in terms of 3-valued truth tables. Formulas for the conditional probability of complex conditional propositions such as (q/p) v (s/r) are proved. A second major theme of the paper concerns deductions in the realm of conditional propositions. It turns out that there are varieties of logical deduction for conditional propositions depending on the particular entailment relation (< or +) chosen. These relations are explored including their lattice properties and properties and properties of non-monotonicity. Computational aspects for Artificial Intelligence are also discussed.


Land is one of the most valuable assets for rural people. Despite strong recent economic growth and overall development, gender disparities in access to and control over land remain pervasive in the East Asia region. Women remain less likely to own land than men and, even when they do, their holdings are likely to be smaller and less valuable than those of men. Therefore, effective policies aiming to reduce gender disparities in land ownership, increase female land holdings, and improve women's livelihoods must take context-specific constraints into consideration. In recent years, several countries in the region have made headway toward increasing ownership and control over land by women. This note offers an overview of land titling, land administration and management, as well as post disaster reconstruction projects in the East Asia region. It provides an account of gender actions that helped improve women's access to land. The note concludes by summarizing lessons learned that can be used to inform future interventions.


Organ transplantation is often the only chance to people who suffer from malfunction of heart, kidneys or liver. Nowadays, transplantation is no longer said to be medical experiment. It is acknowledged method of treatment. World human organization said that transplantation is the transfer (engraftment) of human cells, tissues or organs from a donor to a recipient with the aim of restoring function(s) in the body. We can distinguish ex vivo transplantation (with participation of living donor) and ex mortuo transplantation (with participation of deceased donor). The laws of different countries allow potential donors to permit (opt in system) or refuse (opt out system) donation. In Poland there is an opt out system which means that potential donor has to raise an objection in order to not to be donor after death. There is no questions if an adult person raise an objection, but there is number of doubts if we said about minor's consent or objection to organ donation. Now, it is necessary to improve polish transplantation law in order to increase organ availability and increase deceased donations to their full potential.


Objective To observe the analgesic efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in multimodal analgesia after video-assisted thoracic surgery( VATS) lobectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I-II patients undergoing VATS lobectomy were included in the study. They were randomly divided into 3 groups: group P,group F and group C( n= 20). Patients in group P received 40 mg parecoxib sodium before skin incision and the same dose 24 hours after surgery.Patients in group F received 50mg flurbiprofen axetil before skin incision and 200 mg flurbiprofen axetil was added to PCIA.Patients in group C received 5mL normal saline before skin incision and the same dose 24 hours after surgery. All patients were administered an intercostal nerve block before chest closure and connected to PCIA pump after extubation. The visual analogue scale( VAS) at rest and coughing and the effective button-pressing times in PCIA were recorded at 2 h( T1),4h( T2),8 h( T3),12 h( T4),24 h( T5),48 h( T6) and 72 h( T7) after the start of PCIA. Patients' evaluation of analgesic efficacy was recorded at time T6 and T7. Respiratory monitoring parameters( RR,SpO2,P ET CO2),vital sign and side effects were also recorded. Results At time T1 and T2,three groups showed no significant difference in the effective press times of PCIA; the effective press times of PCIA decreased from time T3 to T6,in group P and F compared with those of group C( all P 0. 05),with no significant difference between group P and F. The three groups showed no significant difference in resting VAS and coughing VAS at time T1 and T2,resting VAS and coughing VAS were significantly lower in group P and F than those of group C at different time points from T3 to T6( all P 0. 05),with no significant difference between group P and F. At time T7,three groups showed significant difference in both resting VAS and coughing VAS( all P 0. 05). The three groups showed no significant differences in respiratory monitoring parameters at each time point.Group P and F showed a better evaluation of analgesic efficacy than that of group C( all P 0. 05). No severe adverse reactions were observed in any group. Conclusion When used in multimodal analgesia after VATS lobectomy,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs enhance analgesic effect,do not increase incidence of adverse reactions,have little impact on breathing,and are conducive to expectoration.


With the further development of the network,using the RFID technology can get more information from the remote equipment so as to realize its intelligent management.Based on RFID technology,this paper proposes the design for the centralized management of temporary grounding wires in the transformer substation,the operation process monitoring and destination positioning.It also introduces the structure of the system,the hardware structure and the working principle,whose fine structure can guarantee the stability and reliability of the system under the electromagnetic interference and satisfy the needs of the power system.


Over the past several decades, an increasing number of youth have been incarcerated for violent offenses. Existing interventions for serious offenders target the prevention of subsequent delinquent behavior in general, rather than the prevention of violent behavior in particular. Within the context of a randomized clinical trial of 79 adolescent males involved in the juvenile justice system, we examine the ability of multidimensional treatment foster care (MTFC) to prevent subsequent violent offending relative to services-as-usual group home care (GC). Data on offending were collected every 6 months for a 2-year period following entry into the study. The method of generalized estimating equations was used to analyze the data. Results indicate that MTFC youth were significantly less likely to commit violent offenses than youth placed in services-as-usual group care. The group effect held even after control variables, including age at placement, age at first arrest, official and self-reported prior offenses, and time since baseline,were introduced into the model. Twenty-four percent of GC youth had two or more criminal referrals for violent offenses in the 2 years following baseline versus only 5% of MTFC youth. The rates of self-reported violent offending for MTFC youth were in the normative range following baseline, whereas rates for GC youth were 4 to 9 times higher. MTFC youth were also significantly less likely to report incidents of common violence, such as hitting.


The objective of the present paper is to study the relationship of academic performance with intellectual capacity, alexithymia, mental health and socio-demo...


Here we propose that an important cause of variation in species density may be prior environmental conditions that continue to influence current patterns. In this paper we investigated the degree t...


Bulk /sup 3/He-A in a uniform relative superflow is known to deform with increasing parallel magnetic field from a uniform structure to a helical one. This latter texture becomes unstable at a critical field, beyond which the system exhibits runaway nonlinear growth. Subsequent behavior depends on the specific external configuration. In a torus, the texture apparently evolves into a stable wide-angle helix with a reversed and largely quenched superflow. In an applied heat flow, the texture instead oscillates periodically but anharmonically.


A framework based on the gap metric and integral quadratic constraints (IQCs) is developed for analysing robust synchronisation of heterogenous linear time-invariant networks. Both the agents and the communication channels are allowed to be dynamic and unstable. Structural properties of the uncertainty are described by IQCs and exploited in synchronisation analysis as a means to reduce conservatism. The homotopy employed in IQC analysis is defined with respect to the graph topology as induced by the gap metric, whereby open-loop unstable dynamics are accommodated. The results in this paper extend recent developments, which have been shown to unify several existing synchronisation analysis methods in the literature.


Most tunnel structures tend to have different degrees of structural damage such as leakage, concrete cracking, lining salinization, and falling blocks after the operation for a period. Compared with the diversity of tunnel disease detection methods, there are few studies on the methods of quantifying and evaluating the main structural diseases of the lining. Based on the regular inspection data of expressway tunnels in Liaoning Province, this paper summarizes the distribution characteristics and laws of existing structural defects of tunnel lining. In addition, based on the in-depth study of the main structural diseases of the tunnel, the extenics theory is used to extract, quantify and classify several indicators that can accurately reflect the health status of the structure, and then establish the corresponding matter-element model to determine the weight of each indicator and the tunnel structure. The comprehensive correlation degree of disease grades is combined with the qualitative evaluation and quantitative research of lining structure diseases to construct a health evaluation system for tunnel lining structures, which is convenient for managers to make reasonable decisions. At the same time, combined with the actual test data of tunnel engineering, the calculation and analysis of the extension model are carried out to verify the engineering applicability of the model.


Abstract Laser peening uses shock waves to modify and work harden the surface of metal components and weldments to improve mechanical properties such as fatigue and wear resistance, in particular with aluminium alloys. The literature has reported on a variety of property changes from laser peening aluminium alloys, which varied with the initial metallurgical state and laser generated shock wave pressures. This paper analyses the effect of laser peening repetitions (one and five repetitions) on hardness and elastic modulus versus depth on a 6061-T6 specimen for two laser generated shock wave pressures of 3·5 and 6 GPa. The higher shock wave pressure increased the hardness with both one and five repetitions, however, the lower shock wave pressure only increased the hardness with one repetition and not with five. The two mechanisms responsible for the self-limiting hardness changes are increases in the metal's Hugoniot elastic limit and changes in the metal's dynamic yield strength. These mechanisms limit further shock processing and surface hardness changes in the metal unless the laser generated shock wave pressure remains significantly greater than the increased Hugoniot elastic limit and dynamic yield strength.


Social developments after Tanzimat bring along some big changes. After these changes, entertainment life is written in novels. So the changes in the entertainment life from Tanzimat to Republic are also issued in novels after this period. According to the changes in social life and entertainment life, the person meets the new kinds of entertainment different from the traditional life. Balls, tea parties, soirees, dances, gamble and alcohol are the new parts of these entertainments. Especially women take part in social life due to this Western lifestyle. These activity parts help women to be seen in public life and they develop social relationships. Society understands of entertainment changes from traditional to Western style and women's and men's manner patterns changes in social and cultural activity range. Dancing in entertainment places, gambling and drinking alcohol are new manner patterns due to the Western impact. In traditional life, there is no dancing like in the West, so this helps women and men to develop relationships. The entertainments that are started as balls and tea parties almost turn into dance parties. Because dancing, waltzing, doing tango are the rituals of these parties. Beyoğlu has a great impact on the rapid proliferation of modern life in society. Because Turkish society knows much of the innovations related to this way of living through this district which is the centre of modern life. This part of Istanbul in which Western lifestyle has been lived intensively since Tanzimat had an impact effect on Muazzez Tahsin's characters. İn most of her novels it can be seen that most of Western entertainment and cultural pleasures became widespread in all parts of society through Beyoğlu parts in time.


Cooperative training methods for distributed machine learning are typically based on the exchange of local gradients or local model parameters. The latter approach is known as Federated Learning (FL). An alternative solution with reduced communication overhead, referred to as Federated Distillation (FD), was recently proposed that exchanges only averaged model outputs. While prior work studied implementations of FL over wireless fading channels, here we propose wireless protocols for FD and for an enhanced version thereof that leverages an offline communication phase to communicate "mixed-up" covariate vectors. The proposed implementations consist of different combinations of digital schemes based on separate source-channel coding and of over-the-air computing strategies based on analog joint source-channel coding. It is shown that the enhanced version FD has the potential to significantly outperform FL in the presence of limited spectral resources.


Productive phonological accommodation, in contrast, is what we do as speakers in order to make ourselves more easily understood by. The most obvious example of this is simply speaking more slowly. Another example is when people deliberately articulate their words more clearly. The aim with these and other strategies is to be understood more easily, but with productive accommodation it is the speaker who makes the adjustment, not the listener.


A proposal of a fractional (1+α)-order low-pass filter is presented in this paper. The proposed filter operates in the current-mode and it is designed using Multi-Output Current Followers (MO-CFs), Dual-Output Current Follower (DO-CF), Dual-Output Adjustable Current Amplifier (DO-ACA) and Adjustable Current Amplifiers (ACAs) as active elements within the presented topology of the filter. The filter possesses ability to electronically control its order and also the pole frequency by changing the current gain of current amplifiers (ACAs) already present in the structure. Three different values of the order and pole frequency of the proposed low-pass filter were tested as an example. Design of the proposed filter is supported by simulation and experimental results. Simulations of the circuit are carried out in PSPICE simulator with behavioral models of used active elements. The experimental laboratory measurements are performed with the help of available devices forming equivalent circuits. Simulations and experimental results of the electronical control of the order and pole frequency are compared in this contribution.


Wind-tunnel steady-state unidirectional pressure-drop measurements for airflow through nine compressed and uncompressed isotropic open-cell aluminum foam samples, having different porosities and pore densities, were undertaken. The compressed foam produced significantly higher pressure drop, which increased with increasing Darcian velocity following the quadratic Forchheimer equation. The permeability and the inertia coefficient data for the compressed foam showed less scatter compared to those for the uncompressed foam. Both were correlated using an Ergun-like equation, with the correlation being better for the permeability. The permeability correlation predicted the results of some previous studies very well. The friction factor correlated well with the Reynolds number.


The sensitivity of two commercial toxicity tests (microtox-test and TOXI-Chromotest) are examined with 22 selected pollutants. «Microtox-test» and «TOXI-Chromotest» are indicators of an unspecific inhibition not clearly defined. In combination with other toxicity tests they seem to be suitable for examining new chemicals to be admitted. For information about the substances or the polluters in water control, however, there needs to be a greater screening of pure substances and natural samples


Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of primary lymphoma of the small bowel.Methods The clinical data of 13 patients with primary lymphoma of the small owel from Jan 1983 to May 2000 were reviewed. Results Of the 13 cases, 11 received surgical operation. The average course of disease was 21.8 months. The commonest manifestations were abdominal pain and loss of body weight. Stage Ⅱ E was in 2 cases, Ⅲ E in 6 cases and Ⅳ E in 3 cases. The average size of the tumor was 4.85 in diameter. Seven lymphomas located at the ileo cecal portion, 3 at the jejunum and 1 at the duodenum. The postoperative pathology of all the patients were non Hodgkin's lymphoma, 8 were B cell type, 2 mixed cell type and 1 T cell type. Conclusion Most of the patients with primary malignant lymphoma of the small bowel were in advanced stages when operated or diagnosed, so early diagnosis and comprehensive therapy were the key to ameliorate the patients' prognosis.


This paper is the second one of a series of papers about the criterion of stability margin for a rotor-bearing system. The criterion of maximum energy ratio was proposed in theory to evaluate stability margin of a rotor-bearing system in [l]. Based on a symmetric single span rotor-bearing system,an experimental investigation on the criterion is made in this paper. The maximum energy ratio of the system is measured which shows that the experimental results are in good agreement with those of the numerical calculation. The mechanical energy curve of a rotor-bearing system is measured,and the main reasons of the deviations of the numerical calculation from the experimental results are discussed.


Alami Talbi, M. — Synthesis and structural study from X-ray powder diffraction of Pb0 5Th2(PO4)3 — A. El-Yacoubi, R. Brochu, A. Serghini, M. Louer, M. Alami Talbi, and D. Louer; 12 (2), 76-80. Amigo, Jose Maria — Quantitative X-ray diffraction phase analysis of airborne paniculate collected by a cascade impactor sampler using the Rietveld full-pattern fitting method — Vicente Esteve, Juan Carda, Maria Mercedes Reventos, and Jose Maria Amigo; 12 (3), 151-4. Antipov, E. — The ICDD/PDF Superconductor SubFile — W. Wong-Ng, R. L. Snyder, C. Park, E. Antipov, and W. F. McClune; 12 (1), 13-5.


The purpose of this study was to suggest the desirable directions for adolescents counselling of sexual problems. The research method of the study was the investigating and analyzing of the sexual problem case on this topic. The major finding of the study were as follows: First, on regarding with the results of researches, although recently adolescent are opened to various sex experiences, they have limited knowledge on sex and sexual behaviors. Second, Christian adolescent sexual problems are rising up to solve the problems of confusion in the standards of value and deterioration of morality. Finally, Christian counseling could provide those adolescents a personal meeting with the living God, eternally helping them resolve their own pains and conflicts. adolescents is important human being not only just at present but in the future. Church should take a attention for his or her pains and anguish. adolescents problem can be resolved only when the whole Church concerns to adolescents with heart and renovate counselling system appropriately.


Random rough textures can increase the absorbing efficiency of solar cells by trapping the optical light and increasing the optical path of photons. In this paper, we are concerned with optimal design of random rough surfaces in thin-film solar cells. We formulate the design problem as a random PDE constrained optimization problem and employ gradient-based methods for solving the problem numerically. To evaluate the gradient of the objective function, the Monte-Carlo method is used for sampling the probability space and the adjoint state method is employed to calculate the gradient at each sample. Numerical examples are shown to test the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. It is demonstrated that optimally obtained random textures yield an enormous absorption enhancement and a higher photon absorptance than that of existing random textures. AMS subject classifications: 35J05, 35Q60, 49Q10, 65C05, 65C30


This poster is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. January 2017 We thank farmers and local partners in Africa RISING sites for their contributions to this research. We also acknowledge the support of all donors which globally support the work of the CGIAR centers and their partners through their contributions to the CGIAR system Objectives and approach Purpose: Evaluate and deliver new crop and fodder varieties for sustainable intensification in dryland agro-ecologies of central Tanzania (Manyara, Kongwa and Babati) and Zambia. Approach: On-farm testing under researcher and farmer management were used as appropriate. Farmer participatory evaluations were used to identify farmer and market preferred varieties and inform variety release. Fodder species were evaluated on-farm and options for propagation and inclusion in livestock feeding regimes tested. Seed systems were also tested for OFSP.


We hypothesise that end-grain (transverse) wood surfaces will erode less during natural weathering than side-grain (radial and tangential longitudinal) surfaces. Douglas fir samples were exposed to 10 000 hours of weathering, and confocal profilometry was used to measure depth of erosion of the different planar surfaces. End-grain eroded less than side-grain, but the difference in erosion of end-grain and radial surfaces was only statistically significant if voids in end-grain created by checks were excluded from erosion measurements. Tangential surfaces were the most susceptible to erosion, due in part to the presence of lens-shaped voids caused by erosion of ray tissues. Erosion of earlywood was greater than that of latewood, particularly for end-grain. Erosion of earlywood is caused by thinning of cell walls in combination with transverse and longitudinal micro-checking, which creates loosely bonded cell wall fragments at weathered wood surfaces. We conclude that end-grain erodes less than side-grain surfaces when exposed to weathering, but differences in erosion of these planar surfaces is affected by checking, which complicates measurement of the erosion of wood using confocal profilometry. We discuss this issue, and describe the practical implications of our findings for the use of wooden posts as boundary markers for mining leases.


This study constructed a system for real-time monitoring of knee extensor muscle training motion with flexible sensors. Knee extensor muscle is classified to three levels according to their skin stretch and corresponding change in electrical resistance measured by flexible sensors. The area with the largest skin stretch corresponds to the sensor location that measures the largest change in resistance. Results show that the major training sites of standard knee exercise: the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), and vastus lateralis (VL). In addition, the flexible sensors in the proposed system can not only be used for the standard 24 repetitions of knee extensor muscle training but also exhibit excellent reproducibility for 40 repetitions. The real-time monitoring system developed by this study has three special features: 1) determine angular velocity of knee motion; 2) determine angle of knee bending motion which has reached 30°, 60° and 90° during training; and 3) the real-time change in resistance and its relationship with time and knee angle determine whether the user is currently performing dynamic concentric or eccentric exercise or static isometric exercise. [2019-0092]


(73) Assignee: Louisiana Tech Research Foundation; a Division of Louisiana Tech OTHER PUBLICATIONS University Foundation, Inc., Ruston, LA (US) Yang et al., A Study on Retrospective and On-Line Event Detection, 1998, ACM, 1-58113-015-5, pp. 28-36.* (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Murthy, Automatic Construction if Desicion a Trees from Data: A patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Multi-Disciplinary Survey, 1998, Data Mining and Knowledge Dis U.S.C. 154(b) by 444 days. covery, 2,pp. 345-389.*


The Bush administration's "Global War on Terror" has, by both defenders and critics, been characterized as unique. However, as this article shows, there is a long tradition, both in the United States and in Europe, of fighting wars against "savage tribes"—against enemies who fail to make a distinction between soldiers and civilians, and who use terror as a weapon. The problem of how to fight such groups was much discussed in the legal literature of the nineteenth century. This is a discussion from which it is possible to learn contemporary lessons.


Objective To conduct the main performance of cystatin C(CysC) detection reagent from different domestic manufacturers to know whether it can meet the clinical needs.Methods The performance evaluation to CysC reagents from different domestic manufacturers were performed and compared with the Japan′s bio-research reagent.Results In the domestic manufacturers′ CysC reagent,the stability,linear range,clinical comparison,precision,interference and sensitivity were in line with the requirements and had good correlation with Japan′s bio-research reagent.Conclusion The main performance of the domestic CysC reagent fully meets the requirements of clinical applications.


Background:Vitamin D deficiency it considers a global health problem and a significantly linked with skeletal and non-skeletal problems. Prevention can be kept by sun exposure or supplementation and to lower extent by dietary intake.Objective: to assessedknowledge and health behavior regarding the vitamin Dduring epidemicCOVID-19 among female university studentsMethodology: A descriptive study was conducted, total of 400femal student aged between 20 and 30years who study in university,institute, from7thJuly 2020to 30September2020,by using electronic formand freely agree to participate in the research project. The validity was estimated through a penal of experts related to the field of study. Datawasanalystthrough the implementation of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.Results: The results of this study show that the knowledge of thestudy samplewaslow regarding student knowledge in some item while thereis high score about the importance of vitamin D, so us the grand mean above the cut of point duo to the behavior Recommendations: It was recommended increasing awarenessabout the importance of vitamin D and guidelines on how to obtain it were necessary by (food, sun exposure)especially in period of epidemicCOVID-19.


To the Editor, In the August 2022's issue of HIV Medicine, Gooden et al. published a short communication on a population basedmatched cohort study evaluating the effects of HIV disease on premature, accentuated, and accelerated aging, comparing the age at diagnosis of at least one of four age-related chronic diseases (hypertension, cardiovascular disease [CVD], type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], and chronic kidney disease [CKD]) among people with HIV versus a matched cohort of people without HIV [1]. As a researcher interested in HIV disease and cardiometabolic changes, I commend Gooden's team on their research, which expands the cumulative data on such an important matter in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, with a large sample size and sufficient timeframe to study the primary outcomes of interest. The main findings of the study were that people with HIV were diagnosed with CVD and hypertension approximately 2 years earlier than the matched cohort, signalling premature aging, whereas there was no difference in age at diagnosis for T2DM or CKD. I believe cardiometabolic disease in people with HIV is only one of many elements that should be considered when studying aging in HIV and why this should have been reflected in the article's title. As Gooden outlined in the introduction section, neurocognitive aging, epigenetic changes, and cardiometabolic disease have been widely studied in people with HIV. However, other non-communicable conditions, including cancer, frailty-related syndromes, and decreased bone mineral density are also illustrative of premature, accentuated, and accelerated aging. Furthermore, biological aging can be studied through the lens of geroscience theory [2]. According to the geroscience hypothesis, a small group of biological events trigger an overall susceptibility to multimorbidity. These events can be studied through multiple markers, including telomere attrition, senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and stem-cell exhaustion, in addition to epigenetic changes [2]. At first glance, it is implied that any of these elements would be studied but, as mentioned in the abstract, it is clear that the study was based on cardiometabolic disease alone. Gooden constructed a regression model that included several variables to match people living with and without HIV to decrease bias. Most of the variables selected for the model were adequate, but family history and history of hepatitis C infection should have been included in the regression model as these elements are well-known risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. Gooden stated that a higher incidence of CKD in people with HIV from age 40 years demonstrates accelerated aging. Given that the researchers did not analyse data on the use of ART, CD4 T-cell counts, or HIV RNA viral load – all known causes of early renal dysfunction – is the evidence sufficient to support this conclusion? The authors recognised that cumulative exposure to ART and screening practises might have contributed to earlier identification of CKD in people with HIV. However, the known effects of uncontrolled HIV on CKD were not addressed in the discussion [3, 4]. In my opinion, data presented on this analysis do not fully support the evidence of accelerated aging based on renal dysfunction. A separate analysis during periods 2000–2010 versus 2010– 2020 might have shed light on the effects of cardiometabolic risk and ART, particularly the effect on renal disease, as there was a major shift in ART initiation recommendations in the UK during the second half of the study period described by Gooden [5]. Gooden's study provides substantial evidence of cardiometabolic morbidity in people with HIV and sets the scene for further research into the drivers and protective factors of early and accelerated aging.


Objective
To explore the effect of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) receptor on radiosensitivity of HepG2 cells and the underlying mechanism.

Methods
HepG2 cells were divided into the following groups: negative control group, siRNA group, irradiation group and combined group. HepG2 cells were transfected with IGF-Ⅰ receptor siRNA combined with irradiation therapy to investigate the effect on cell proliferation by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and cell cycle using flow cytometry. Expression of IGF-Ⅰ receptor, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin-dependent kinases 1(CDK1) and Survivin were detected using Western blotting and Q-PCR.

Results
The expression of IGF-Ⅰ receptor in HepG2 cells was decreased significantly after siRNA transfection compared with the control group. After the combinational therapy, cell viability was decreased significantly according with control group [(1.02±0.08) vs. (1.08± 0.10) vs. (0.60±0.07)]; In addition, cell cycle was arrested in G2/M[(20.3±0.3)% vs. (22.6±0.4)% vs. (34.7±0.5)%] and CDK1 expression was reduced significantly. The relative expression of Survivin in siRNA group was lower than negative control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Inhibition of IGF-Ⅰ receptor can enhance the radiosensitivity of HepG2 cells through cell cycle arrest.

Key words:
Carcinoma, hepatocellular; Radiation tolerance; Cell cycle; Insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ receptor; Survivin


Background: Injuries are a focus of public health practice because they pose a serious health threat, occur frequently and are preventable. Injuries affect people of all ages and range from minor cuts and bruises to major catastrophes that take thousands of lives. Objectives: This paper aims to fi nd out the prevalence of injuries and to study the various epidemiological factors related to the injuries in Dharan. Materials and methods: A sample of 1398 households was taken as study sample. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the 10% households from each 19 wards. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and information related to injuries to the persons suffered from injuries. Result: The prevalence of minor injury in Dharan was 3.5% per month. The injury was common in the age group, 40-49 years (4.6%) and majority of injured persons were farmers (6.9%). Home was the common place (55.6%) for the minor injury. Cut/stab (32.8%) was the most common types of minor injury. The prevalence of major injury was 0.7% per year and occurred more among 50-59 years age group (1.7%). The commonest place for major injury was at road (53.1%) and service holders were at more risk (1.4%). Falls from the height (46.9%) were the most common types of major injury. Conclusion: The injuries related to lifestyle profession and road traffi c accidents (RTA) is the commonest burden revealed in the study sample. Promotion of safety and education for protection at work and safe driving can prevent the major socio-economic loss to the family and community at large. Key word: Minor injury, Major injury, RTA, Epidemiological factors. I had long been considered as an "accident" and has been taken as a medico-legal and a criminal perspective but not taken as a public health problem. Once a person comes in health institution for treatment of an injury, only then it is considered a health problem1. Injuries are a focus of public health practice because they pose a serious health threat, occur frequently and are preventable2. Modernisation created hostile environment for accidental injuries everywhere, which toll large number of morbidity and mortality among young people and children. Information available are merely record based, which is just tip of the iceberg. Problem of the accidental injury can be recognised only through community based epidemiological studies in different regions. This study was conducted in Dharan municipality, a town of the Eastern region of Nepal, which provides the magnitude of the problem in Dharan. This paper aims to fi nd out the prevalence of injuries and to study the various epidemiological factors related to the injuries in a rapidly urbanising town, Dharan, which includes minor and major injuries. Material and methods This study is a cross-sectional study conducted from July 2004 to June 2005 in Dharan municipality. Dharan is a town situated at the foot of the mighty Himalayas in the Eastern region of Nepal. This town is one of the most important industrial, economic and educational centres in the region and a gate-way to the hills and mountains of the Eastern Nepal. The population of Dharan Municipality was 95332 with 13853 households, according to the census 2002; it is divided in to 19 wards. It has mixed ethnicity comprising of Rai, Newar, Limbu, Brahmin, Chhetri, Tamang, Magar, Gurung and others. In this study 10% of the households


Eucalyptus, a main fast-growing tree species for plantation in southern China, has remarkably contributed to balance the supply and demand of wood in the country. Eucalyptus is mainly used for processing wood-based panels, including fiberboards, plywoods, and chipboards, with low added value because of its poor dimensional stability and susceptibility to cracking and deformation. In this paper, the mechanisms, merits, and demerits of wood acetylation, furfurylation, and resin-related and thermal modifications were summarized.The research status of the chemical modification of eucalyptus was analyzed, and existing problems and future research directions of eucalyptus modification were stated briefly.


A method for analyzing an analyte in tissue fluid is disclosed. The method comprises: placing a collecting member in contact with the skin of a subject, wherein the collecting member is configured to collect and retain tissue fluid containing the analyte from the subject; collecting tissue fluid from the subject into the collecting member; detaching the collecting member from the skin of the subject; causing the analyte in the tissue fluid collected by the collecting member to diffuse in a liquid by supplying the collecting member with the liquid; and detecting the analyte diffused in the liquid. An analyzer for analyzing an analyte in tissue fluid, and cartridge and kit for use in the analyzing method are also disclosed.


In the context of novel large-area sensor applications a cost-effective organic thin-film-technology capable of the detection of small changes in ambient temperature has been developed. The technology is based upon ferroelectric fluorinated polymers on the one hand and low-voltage organic thin film transistors on the other hand.


A novel approach for spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image restoration based on tomography model is presented for the characteristic of spotlight SAR image. Giving an initial guess value as the external incentives to detect SAR images of the internal features, the forward model is established to obtain the theoretical value for imaging. In order to overcome ill-posed problem of restoration and remain more texture information of targets in SAR image, adaptive regularization parameters are introduced, which make it possible to run synchronously with iteration operation and automatically modify the model parameters to the optimal value. Meanwhile, according to forward model, inversion model of SAR image is determined by using adaptive modified matrix. The updating value of image restoration is obtained by solving equations and setting the threshold as a condition for the termination of iteration so that the final results of the image restoration are obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective for SAR image restoration with blurring and noises.


Educators and community members talk increasingly of schoolcommunity partnerships but have different purposes and arrangements in mind. Educators tend to think of communities in terms of resources for schools, whereas community members tend to see partnerships also as means of influencing their children's education and benefiting the community. This paper examines partnerships from a community perspective. It contrasts school and community views of community. It presents the case of the Southeast Education. Task Force, a Baltimore community organization that works to develop partnerships with the school system to improve neighborhood schools. Examples show varying success in forming partnerships concerned with organizing, research, and programming. Analysis highlights the importance of individual principals in forming school-community partnership but shows how common school system structure and culture discourage school-community partnerships. More realistic public expectations of schools would make beneficial partnerships more likely. (Contains 28 references.) (Author/RT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. THE COMMUNITY APPROACH TO SCHOOL-COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS: CHALLENGES AND POSSIBILITIES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) his document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


A combination of Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and Reactive Ion Etch (RIE) was used to fabricate free standing gold nanowire bridges with radii of 30 nm and below. These were subjected to point loading to failure at their midpoints using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), providing strength and deformation data. The results demonstrate a dimensionally dependent transition from conventional solid metallic properties to liquid-like behaviour including the unexpected reformation of a fractured bridge. The work reveals mechanical and materials properties of nanowires which could have significant impact on nanofabrication processes and nanotechnology devices such as Nano Electro Mechanical Systems (NEMS). INTRODUCTION FIB etching has been used by Li et al. to fabricate suspended nanowire bridges (NWBs) from Au and Al thin films [1]. A particular feature of their work is the observation that the cross sections of their NWBs relax from trapezoidal to an approximately circular form, which is ascribed to surface energy minimisation, as occurs in liquids. Li et al. found further evidence of liquid behaviour in the form of Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities, confirming the earlier results in supported Au nanowires obtained by Naik et al. [2], who observed liquid behaviour with hydrodynamic instabilities for nanowires with radii below a critical radius of approximately 25 nm. These liquid-like instabilities and the critical radius of the nanowires below which bulk material properties no longer apply in a simple form have not been widely studied, due in part to the difficulty of fabricating nanowires below 25 nm in radius. Our previous work [3] explores how a nanowire may undergo a transition in behaviour from solid-like to liquid-like behaviour by treating it as a cylinder. The surface stress is given by


The invention relates to a bicycle frame formed by at least a half-shell (1) made of a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic plastic material. According to the invention is at least partially connected with one of the half-shell (1), these are preferably closing, cover element (2). The invention also provides a method for manufacturing a bicycle frame.


The aim of this paper is to propose an embedded Decision Making module for autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV, commonly known as drone) missions, based on Influence Diagrams. The module allows the choice of the adequate recovery action in the case of failure scenarios. We jointly show the application of this approach to a real drone mission. We also propose embedded hardware and software implementations for adaptive, online and real-time Decision Making, which are demonstrated on a Hybrid CPU/FPGA Zynq platform.


In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the research in social network, since many potential social phenomena can be extracted by analyzing the social structure. Nevertheless, the social network usually changes over time. How to capture the patterns in dynamic social network is a challenge issue. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to capture the friendship characteristics in a dynamic social network. We also utilize some pruning strategies to efficiently reduce the search space. The experimental results show the efficiency of proposed approach for extracting the characteristic, and possess graceful scalability.


Ad-hoc networking allows portable equipment to establish link independent of a central infrastructure. This research work shows that there is no middle infrastructure and that the equipment can move randomly gives rise to various thoughtful of problems, such as routing and security. In this work the problem of routing is deal it. In this work pre-owned Ad-hoc routing protocols, such as AODV, DSR that propose solutions for routing within a mobile Ad-hoc network. Since there is an interest in link in the middle not only mobile equipment in an Ad-hoc network, but also among a mobile apparatus star in an Ad-hoc network and a fixed apparatus star in a fixed. The Ad-hoc routing protocols need to be modified. In this research work Ad-hoc routing protocol AODV and DSR is used and modified to examine the interconnection among a mobile ad hoc network and the Internet. The Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) is a popular and powerful simulation environment, and the number of NS-2 users has escalation greatly in recent years. Although it was basically created for wired networks, NS-2 has been continued to work with wireless networks, further wireless LANs, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and sensor networks.


The dynamics of the processes evolving in an oscillator with a nonlinear frequency control circuit is investigated. Location of the regions corresponding to different oscillation modes is established. Attention is focused on the formation of complex oscillations in the control circuit that lead to automodulation of the oscillator frequency. Bifurcations caused by destabilization of regular oscillation modes and scenarios of mode transformation when changing the inertial parameter and initial frequency detuning are studied.


Identifying stone decay forms is an essential first step in stone conservation. In this study a visually based geomorphological approach was used to provide a rapid assessment of the general weathering characteristics displayed by building sandstones in Stoke‐on‐Trent. Stone decay was found to be largely caused by the mechanical disruption of the sandstone and its occurrence was extremely variable in both space and time. The study demonstrates the close interrelationship between stone properties, environmental conditions, morphology of weathering features, and building characteristics. It is important that these close and dynamic interrelationships are recognised when seeking to explain or predict stone behaviour for management purposes.


The purpose of writing this thesis report is to determine the liability payment system and factors that are obstacles in the payment system of liabilities at PT. Indonesia Power PLTU Banten 2 Labuan OMU. The object of this thesis is the liability at PT. Indonesia Power PLTU Banten 2 Labuan OMU. The writing method used is the interview method and the documentation method. The type of data used is primary data and secondary data. Sources of data obtained from direct research and literature studies. How to collect data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study that the payment system used at PT. Indonesia Power PLTU Banten 2 Labuan OMU using Cash Management Bank / BNI Direct. The obstacle that occurs at the time of payment of a liability is poor cash management.


and a comparison of Spanish conquest in Guatemala and Costa Rica by Carmack. Other important chapters summarise recent substantive research on lesser known regions or sub-regions Soconusco (Gasco), Izalco (Fowler), Honduras (Pinto, Davidson, Weeks and Black). The remaining chapters have narrower themes such as the form of rural chapels (Andrews), Indian riots (MacLeod), the detailed career of a Guatemalan encomendero (Kramer, Lovell and Lutz) and the social uses of writing (Hill). Given that the chapters range over a variety of spatial and temporal scales, the integration of the section might have been aided by crossreferencing. The overviews are excellent summaries of current knowledge about the region and should be regarded as essential reading for anyone embarking on ethnohistorical research in the area. It is probably not unfair to say that they summarise the state of the art rather than explore theoretical issues or indicate lines for future research. If the second section is heavy on facts, the third is heavy on theory and speculation. It examines the theoretical underpinnings of ethnohistorical and archaeological work on the contact period. Much of the debate in these chapters revolves around the size of native populations at contact and the impact of epidemic disease. Taken as a whole they indicate a growing confidence among archaeologists to enter into the debate (Ramenofsky, Dunnell), and the need for more careful use of analogy (Dobyns) and more rigorous evaluation of ethnohistorical sources (Galloway). The papers also imply a shift in emphasis from a discussion of the magnitude of the demographic collapse to understanding variations in Indian survival (Harris, Pertulla and Stannard). For me these were the most interesting and provocative papers in the volume. Despite its unpromising title and its apparent, and sometimes real, lack of coherence, this large volume contains some excellent and stimulating scholarship. Not every chapter will be of interest to everyone, but those interested in contact studies and in the early colonial period in Central America are likely to be rewarded if they explore the contents behind its rather misleading title.


Abstract The semidiurnal tidal currents associated with the near-resonant response of the Gulf of Maine-Bay of Fundy system are amplified over the relatively shallow depths of Georges Bank, thus leading to enhanced energy dissipation, vertical mixing and secondary flows on the Bank. Within the western Gulf of Maine the tidal sea level amplitudes are larger but currents are less energetic than those observed on Georges Bank, while on the New England shelf the tidal response is the least energetic of the three regions. In this paper we explore some of the details of the tidal dynamics in these three very different tidal regimes by estimating terms in the volume-integrated momentum equations using observations of current and bottom pressure. The computations are performed for the M2 semidiurnal tidal constituent, which is the dominant tide in all of the regions, and are presented in terms of an instantaneous "stress" balance. Results show that in the across-isobath direction on George Bank the M2 inertial te...


Introduction: Nutrition is the scientific study of the food and nourishment, including food composition, dietary guidelines, and the role that various nutrients play. Dietary habits established in childhood are often carried into adulthood, so teaching children how to eat healthy at young age will help them stay healthy throughout their life. Nutritious food is that which provides sufficient energy and essential nutrients, helps in maintaining all biological processes of the body and health. Improper nutrition can result in grave diseases like severe acute malnutrition, Moderate acute malnutrition including underweight, stunting, micronutrient deficiencies and susceptibility to infections. Materials and Methods: All the references regarding nutrition are collected from various textbooks and online publications. Attempts are done to conceptualize the same to suit the need. Results: The balanced diet should comprise of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins. Daily recommended allowance of Food ingredients on an average are 1000kcal of energy, 20grams of protein, 25 grams of Fat, Calcium 600 mg, Iron 1620 micro g/kg and so on. This requirement can be more in the critical periods of growth like Infancy, Adolescence and during disease convalescence. Discussion: Major Risk period for developing severe acute malnutrition is 6 months of life or during weaning period. The major risk period for growth stunting is between 4 and 24 months of age. During toddler age group fussy eaters and children accustomed to single food will end up in kwashiorkor, underweight/stunting. Micronutrients deficiency can impact upon overall performance of the child. Conclusion: It is estimated that 224 million children under 5 years are under nourished and 41 million are overweight or obese. "We are what we eat". Hence proper knowledge on nutrition can aid in prevention of triple burden of Malnutrition.


There has emerged in the scope of western historical circle since 1970s to 1980s the post-modernism,whose reasoning strategy has been by analyzing words on historical works to demonstrate their nature in texts,narration and rhetoric,and to boil down them to a literary product and imaginary object.To the positive and negative influences by post-modernism on historiography,we should reasonably give analysis and criticism.


In the course of student`s studying in higher school a continuous process of his/her psychological adaptation to constantly changing external conditions takes place: during the first courses to studing in higher school, and on the further stages to the future professional work. By results of on line testings (A.G.Maklakova's test "adaptability") the dynamics of adaptation of students of the first years has been investigated.


Reading has been and is a demanding task for foreign language learners. Correspondingly, vocabulary knowledge plays an extremely vital role in foreign language learning and numerous researchers have investigated the correlation between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension. However, research on breadth and depth of EFL learners' vocabulary knowledge and their mutual interactions is inadequate. Accordingly, the present paper intends to review the relationships between EFL students' vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension and analyze whether breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge are correlated to each other. Having reviewed numerous studies in this regard, it was found that whereas both breadth and depth vocabulary knowledge have vital roles in EFL learners' reading comprehension performance, depth of vocabulary knowledge plays a more significant role. It was also found that depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge are positively correlated, that is, those learners who had large vocabulary size will have a deeper knowledge of the words, too.


Vehicle Ad-hoc Network(VANET)routing protocol performance is affected by the traffic volume changing in urban environments. How to effectively analyze the relationship between traffic volume and communication quality is the key to improve routing performance. Based on traffic volume-latency model, a regional real-time traffic awareness routing protocol(LRTWR)is proposed. By setting RSU(Road Side Unit)node at the crossroads, the protocol counts the traffic volume changes within regional scope, and establishes a regional latency model based on it. By choosing the minimum latency path, regional forwarding can be completed using greedy forward and carry forward mechanisms. Experimental results show that in urban environments, this protocol makes Vehicle Ad-hoc Network(VANET)keep low loss probability and end-to-end latency under different traffic scenarios.


The surface acidity of a range of lithium aluminium layered double hydroxides intercalated with carbonate, chloride, nitrate and decavanadate anions has been measured using Hammett indicators. In addition, the adsorption of pyridine and isopropanol has been monitored using infrared spectroscopy. The properties of the materials have been compared to their magnesium aluminium analogues. Surface measurements are compared with the observed catalytic activity for acetaldehyde self-condensation and 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol conversion. The MgAl matrix was found to be more stable than the LiAl matrix following calcination at the elevated temperatures which yielded the most active catalysts (ca. 450C). The order of acidity of the materials varied with the nature of the anion such that: carbonatenitratechloridedecavanadate. Thus it was concluded that the nature of the interlayer anion had a large effect on the acidity of the materials, although the acidity was largely unaffected by the identity of the host matrix itself.


Atelopus pachydermus is redescribed on the basis of the retraced holotype and recently collected specimens. Comparisons with the holotype confirmed that this species occurs neither in Pacific Colombia, nor in the northeastern Cordillera of Ecuador, as proposed by previous authors. It occurs in the northwestern Andes of Peru and adjacent Ecuador. Populations from the Cordillera Oriental in northern Ecuador (some of them previously allocated to A. pachydermus) are described as a new species, which is distinguished from other Atelopus by size, coloration, and by having white digital pads that contrast with adjacent black phalanges. In addition, a population of Atelopus from the Andes of southwestern Ecuador, previously included in the Atelopus bomolochos complex, and having an aqua blue iris is described as a new species. We include osteological data of both new species. Predictions of numbers of species of Atelopus to be discovered and described, as well as of numbers for Ecuadorian amphibian diversity, indicates that these faunas are yet largely undescribed. Because recent records of A. pachydermus and the two new species are lacking despite search efforts, we assume that they are possibly extinct, similar to many other Andean Atelopus. Thus, we categorize these species either aspossibly extinct or, applying IUCN Red List criteria, as Critically Endangered. Current evidence suggests that amphibian extinctions in the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Andes have been more drastic than previously recognized.


Recent spectroscopic measurements in a number of strongly correlated metals that exhibit non-Fermi liquid like properties have observed evidence of anomalous frequency and momentum-dependent charge-density fluctuations. Specifically, in the strange metallic regime of the cuprate superconductors, there is a featureless particle-hole continuum exhibiting unusual power-laws, and experiments suggest that the plasmon mode decays into this continuum in a manner that is distinct from the expectations of conventional Fermi liquid theory. Inspired by these new experimental developments, we address the nature of low-energy collective modes and the particle-hole continua for different"solvable"lattice models of non-Fermi liquids that host a critical Fermi surface -- a sharp electronic Fermi surface without any low-energy electronic quasiparticles. We scrutinize theoretically the possible existence of a long-lived zero-sound mode, which is renormalized to the plasma frequency in the presence of long-ranged coulomb interactions, and its decay into the continuum over a wide range of frequencies and momenta. Quite remarkably, some of the models analyzed here can account for certain aspects of the universal experimental observations, that clearly lie beyond the purview of standard Fermi liquid theory.


Nitrogen ion implantation was carried out to modify the surface of a Ti6A14 alloy for improving its corrosion resistance in a simulated body fluid environment. Ion implantation was carried out at 70 keV energy at the dose of 7 x 10 20 ions/m 2 . The implanted surface was electrochemically passivated at 1.0 V for I h. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to identify the concentration and chemical state of the elements present in the passivated film. The change in the nature and composition of the passive film of the implanted-passivated specimen was compared with the unimplanted-passivated and as-implanted specimens. Open Circuit Potential (OCP)-time measurement and cyclic polarization studies were additionally carried out to understand the nature of the passive film. The results showed that the implanted specimen exhibited enhanced corrosion resistance than the unimplanted specimen (one order of magnitude) due to the presence of oxynitride along with oxide in the passive film.


This article aims to discuss, from childlike characters: Pippi Longstocking, Mime, Eloise and Grimble, some aspects in the presentation of such characters and their childhood narrated in literary way. A common characteristic to these characters is the absence of familiarity with their parents, though in their groups of socialization and familiarity there are some adults. Which leads to an initial idea of them as children-characters surviving in their childlike world without the adult protection, a dream or a wish of many real children? It will be shown how the authors insert them into landscapes and sceneries attributing to them thoughts and actions based on their owns projects or conceptions of childhood, very often nostalgic, romanticized or sentimental. Some propositions will be done to help thinking if it is possible to treat childhood without adult protection.


Firms face competing needs to expand product variety and reduce production costs. Access to larger markets enables innovation to reduce costs. Although firm scale increases, foreign competition reduces markups. Firms' ability to recapture lost markups depends on the interplay between within-firm competition and across-firm competition. Narrowing product variety eases within-firm competition but lowers market share. I provide a theory detailing the impact of trade policy on product and process innovation. Unbundling innovation provides new insights into welfare gains and innovation policy. Product innovation increases welfare beyond standard gains from trade. The relative returns to innovation policy change with trade liberalization.


This excellent course was organized by Professor Bill Shaw who, after spending time in Oslo in 1982, was fired with enthusiasm, having witnessed the results of cleft treatments of a quality that could not be matched by those he was used to seeing in Britain. He started the course with a comprehensive overview, of the components of the cleft lip and palate deformity. The mechanisms of cleft formation were illustrated with some superb electron micrographs showing neural tube formation, neural crest migration, and early palate formation. We were then introduced to Gunvor Semb, who has been the orthodontist with the Oslo team for the last 15 years. She outlined the Oslo approach to cleft patients and pointed out many similarities with the approach in Britain. It was interesting to note, however, that neither presurgical orthopaedics nor lip strapping is ever used in Oslo. Excellent clinical slides were shown illustrating the Vomar flap, which is carried out with the lip repair at 3 months, palate repair being delayed until 18 months. A wide variety of cases were shown demonstrating the minimal detrimental effects on arch width with this surgical approach. The next section detailed what has become known as the Oslo Bone Graft despite the procedure having been first described in 1976 by a group in San Antonio, Texas. The technique was described in detail and the discussion outlined factors which increase chances of its success. Reasons were offered for the 12 failures out of 615 grafts performed (10 having been subsequently successfully regrafted). Dr Sembs delivery was impeccable and the subject matter fascinating. Fixed appliance treatment for cleft cases was discussed by both Dr Semb and Professor Shaw, and each offered tips that will be very helpful in clinical practice. This section also highlighted the differences between Britain and Oslo, with particular regard to the lack of growth restriction both in the anteroposterior and transverse planes in the Oslo cases compared with the home results shown by Professor Shaw. The second day began with a comparison of the delivery of care to cleft patients here and Norway. Cathy Asher-McDade gave an interesting report of her Cleft Palate Survey, 1988, which outlined the treatment modalities employed by 45 cleft teams throughout the country. This was followed by a talk on feeding problems in which Pat Bannister informed us how to obviate the need for any form of feeding plate by meticulous counselling of mothers and maternity ward staff, and by the judicious use of feeding bottles. One disappointment was the absence of Professor Mark Fergurson reputedly a gifted speaker who, we were assured by our host, had a prior engagement with President Bush. One of his team gave a lucid and well illustrated discourse on foetal wound healing and the possibilities of intra-uterine cleft repair. Long-term results of cleft treatments were presented. The quality of the Oslo results was evidenced by a truly minimal requirement for LeFort 1 procedures in the follow-ups of their cases. They have only performed a total of five maxillary osteotomies on cleft patients in the last 13 years. The course included a discussion of the Le Fort l procedure including the 'Shaw modification' which should prove to be an attractive alternative for unadventurous oral surgeons or to exponents of dentofacial orthopaedics. The final paper, given by Trevor Burke, outlined state-of-the-art dental procedures which provide the finishing touches for our cleft patients. Throughout the 2 days the meeting was chaired by Professor Shaw in his owtl inimitable style. Speakers had problems running to time only because of the wealth of discussion each talk initiated. Attendance on this course is highly recommended to any clinicians who have a serious interest in the modern treatment of cleft patients.


Senior government ministers and civil servants are to blame for the financial crisis in the health service, according to a former NHS deputy chief executive.


Crater-infilling sediments of the Cambrian Ritland impact structure of southwestern Norway have been grouped into three broad units: (A) late syn-impact, (B) early post-impact and (C) late post-impact (Azad et al., 2012). The late syn-impact and early post-impact sediments were discussed in Azad et al. (2012). The present paper deals with the later stages of crater sedimentation, representing a shift from the initial dramatic episodes of crater sedimentation (during the late synto early postimpact stages) to relatively stable sedimentation during the late post-impact stage. 'Late syn-impact' sedimentation (Dypvik & Kalleson, 2010) within impact craters starts by collapse of the transient cavity and slumping back into the crater by different gravity and massflow processes. In an idealised simple crater model, these could include rock avalanches, debris avalanches or debris flows, depending on the physical properties of the target rock, dry or wet target surface (e.g., subaerial, subaqueous/shallow marine, deep marine), crater size, degree of slope failure, and temporal fluidisation of the sediments (Melosh, 1989). The 'early post-impact' crater sedimentation is more erosion dominated and occurred under water-saturated conditions in the case of marine craters (Dypvik & Kalleson, 2010). Sediments are derived from the crater walls and rim and deposited by gravity-controlled processes, e.g., debris flows, turbidity flows (for more details see Dypvik & Kalleson, 2010 and Azad et al., 2012). The late post-impact sedimentation is suspension dominated, consists mostly of fine-grained sediments and commonly represents part of a widespread regional succession. The sedimentation of the late post-impact crater-filling deposits has major importance as it preserves the record of the transition between impact-related (late syn-impact and early post-impact) crater sedimentation and late post-impact geological history.


Objective To explore the feasibility and operation points of establishing duodenal-jejunal bypass(DJB)surgery animal model in Goto-Kakizaki(GK)rats. Methods Sixteen GK rats were randomly divided into experimental group(n=8)and control group(n=8). In a standardized preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative operation,the rats of experimental group and control group received DJB and sham surgery respectively. The fasting plasma glucose and body mass were observed before operation,and 1,2,3,and 4 weeks after operation in order to evaluate whether the models were established successfully. Survival situation of rats were observed too. Results All experimental rats survived at 4weeks after the operation. Compared with the levels before operation,the fasting plasma glucose levels of experimental group decreased significantly(P0.05)at 1 week after operation,and remained stable at 2,3,and 4 weeks after operation.The fasting plasma glucose levels of control group did not change statistically at all time points after operation(P0.05).Compared with control group at the same time point,the fasting plasma glucose level of experimental group was lower(P0.05),indicating that DJB models were established successfully. After 4 weeks,the value of body mass added in experimental group was significantly lower than those of control group(P 0.05). Conclusions DJB is a feasible,safe,and effective hypoglycemic surgery. The application of this set of experimental operating procedures can reduce the risk of intraoperative and postoperative mortality,and can develop a stable DJB model in Goto-Kakizaki rats.


Today pricing policy in the electricity network is an effective way to oblige users to change their consumption during peak hours. At the same time by increasing distributed energy resources like Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and also gas network penetration level in huge areas it will be more attractive to use gas price as another motivated factor to alter electricity consumption curve. In this article, based on energy hub concept, an optimization approach related to the power dispatch through an energy hub is simulated and consequently an effective pricing policy of natural gas, to have a maximally electricity load shaving, is determined.


The cyclometalated Pt(2-thpy)₂ complex with thpy⁻ as the deprotonated form of 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine shows highly resolved phosphorescence and triplet excitation spectra at low temperatures when the complex is isolated in Shpol'skii matrices, as is shown for the first time. Sharp-line Shpol'skii spectra were obtained by dissolving Pt(2-thpy)₂ in n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, and n-decane matrices. The highest resolution was reached using n-octane. In this matrix only one dominant site governs the spectra. The lowest electronic origins lie at 17156 (I), 17163 (II), and 17172 cm⁻¹ (III) ( ±1 cm⁻¹). They represent triplet sublevels that are split by the relatively large zero-field splitting of 16 cm⁻¹. These sublevels are assigned as π-π* ligand-centered (LC) with an appreciable metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) admixture. The emission from the lowest triplet sublevel |I) to the ground state |0) (origin line I) is strongly forbidden (emission lifetime at T = 1.3 K: 110 μs), but due to vibronic (Herzberg-Teller) coupling, additional radiative deactivation paths are opened and thus a large number of "false origins" occur. The emission and excitation spectra corresponding to the sublevels |II) and |III) show relatively strong origin lines due to direct spin-orbit coupling. Thus, one observes a large number of vibrational satellites of the Franck-Condon type and combinations. A comparison of the highly resolved vibrational satellite structures allows one to conclude that the emitting triplet state (all three sublevels) and the singlet ground state exhibit very similar force constants and nuclear equilibrium positions. Interestingly, a comparison to the properties of the homologous Pd(2-thpy)₂ (with triplets exhibiting only a very small MLCT or d-d* contribution) indicates that with increasing MLCT admixture the discussed distortions become less pronounced. Thus, an increase of MLCT character leads to a more pronounced covalency in the involved states.


Hybrid and intermittent characteristics of the distributed energy resources (DERs) bring great challenges to the security control and economic dispatch (ED) of the microgrids. To bypass these hurdles, this article proposes a multiagent system-based integrated design of security control and ED to guarantee the effective and economical operation of the interconnected microgrids. First, a hierarchical control scheme is constructed by two-level unit agents, in which the switching control and dynamic regulation are fully implemented with the corresponding hybrid behaviors based on the differential hybrid Petri-net (DHPN) model. Based on the DHPN model, a novel dynamic ED integrated with security control is proposed to overcome the issues that cannot be solved in conventional models. Furthermore, to reduce the computational complexity and unified the mathematical model of the DERs, the inverter-based power control strategy is converted to a predictive control model which can be decomposed into several subsystems. In the optimization process, all the subsystems are implemented in a fully distributed, communication free, and rolling optimization manner based on the distributed model predictive control (DMPC). The validity of the proposed design is demonstrated according to the simulation results in case studies.


The regulating function of immunity for conjugated linoleic acid was studied.Applied conlinuosly (0.43),0.86,1.2g/kg.bw dosage to SPF Kunming species young mouse for one month.And then,compare with the control group.Result showed that: Conjugated linoleic acid has the function of immunity regulation.


We have recently found that human pancreatic adenocarcinomas ex hibit strong immunostaining for the three mammalian transforming growth factor /( i K.I -/¡iisoforms. These important growth-regulating polypeptides bind to a number of proteins, including the type I TGF-/Õ receptor (T/3R-I), type II TGF-/3 receptor (T/3R-II), and the type III I (.1 -/( receptor (T/3R-III). In the present study we sought to determine whether I/JR-II and T/JK-lll expression is altered in pancreatic cancer. Northern blot analysis indicated that, by comparison with the normal pancreas, pancreatic adenocarcinomas exhibited a 4.6-fold increase (/' < 0.01 ) in mKNA levels encoding T/3R-II. In contrast, mRNA levels encoding T/JK-lll were not increased. In situ hybridization showed that T/iK-II mRNA was expressed in the majority of cancer cells, whereas mRNA grains encoding T/JK-lll were detectable in only a few cancer cells and were present mainly in the surrounding stroma. These findings suggest that enhanced levels of T/ÕK-II may have a role in regulating human pancreatic cancer cell growth, while T/JR-III may function in the extra cellular matrix. Introduction TGF-ßs' are multifunctional polypeptides that influence cell growth and differentiation, adhesion, migration, angiogenesis, extra cellular matrix formation, and immune functions (1, 2). The TGF-ß gene superfamily consists of numerous regulatory polypeptides that include several TGF-ßisoforms, as well as activins, inhibins, Miillerian inhibiting substance, and the bone morphogenetic proteins (1,2). In mammalian cells only TGF-ß,, TGF-ß2,and TGF-ß, are ex pressed. In contrast, TGF-ß4and TGF-ß5are found only in chickens and frogs, respectively (1, 2). TGF-ßsexert both positive and negative effects on cancer cell growth, depending on cell type and culture conditions. They bind with high affinity to the surfaces of many cell types. Cross-linking exper iments with radiolabeled TGF-ßhave identified three primary binding proteins of M, 53,000 (TßR-I),MT70,000 (TßR-II),and M, 200,000400.000 (TßR-III) (1-7). Recent cloning and biochemical studies indicate that TßR-II has intrinsic serine/threonine kinase activity which is dependent on the presence of TßR-I(4, 5). In turn, TßR-II is necessary for binding of TGF-ßto TßR-I(5). In contrast, TßR-III Received 3/15/93; accepted 5/4/93. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. 1Supported by USPHS Grant CA40162 awarded by the National Cancer Institute to M. K. and by an award from the Cancer Research Coordinating Committee of the University of California to M. K. and R. L. B. R. L. B. is the recipient of a Bank of America-Giannini Medical Research Fellowship. 2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Medical Sciences I, C240. University of California. Irvine, CA 92717. *The abbreviations used are: TGF. transforming growth factor: TßR-I,TßR-II.TßRIII. types I. II. and III TGF-ßreceptor, respectively; poly(A)'. polyadenylated: cRNA. complementary' RNA: cDNA. complementary DNA. is a membrane proteoglycan (also called betaglycan) that binds TGF-ßsbut is not believed to have direct signal transducing activity (3, 5-7). Using isoform-specific, non-cross-reactive antibodies and specific cRNA probes, we have recently found that the three mammalian TGF-ßisoforms, TGF-ß,,TGF-ß2, and TGF-ß,,are overexpressed in the cancer cells of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas.4 To examine the possibility that TGF-ßsmay exert autocrine and paracrine effects within the pancreatic tumor mass, we assessed the expression of mRNA species encoding TßR-IIand TßR-IIIin the normal and can cerous human pancreas. We now report that TßR-IIbut not TßR-III mRNA levels are increased in human pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Patients and Methods Normal human pancreatic tissue samples were obtained from 11 previously healthy individuals (5 female, 6 male; median age, 39 years; range, 18-57 years) through an organ donor program. Pancreatic cancer tissues were ob tained from 9 female and 8 male patients undergoing surgery for pancreatic cancer. The median age of the pancreatic cancer patients was 63 years, with a range of 32 to 73 years. Surgical procedures consisted of either a partial duodenopancreatectomy ( 11 patients) or a left resection of the pancreas (6 patients). Freshly removed tissue samples were fixed in Bouin solution (3:1 ratio of picric acid and formaldehyde) for 12 to 24 h and paraffinembedded for histolÃ3gica! analysis. Tissues destined for RNA extraction were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately upon surgical removal and maintained at -80°C until use. According to the Union Internationale Contre Cancer classification (8) there were one grade 1, six grade 2, nine grade 3, and one grade 4 duct cell adenocarcinomas. All the studies were approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Ulm (Ulm, Germany) and by the Human Subjects Committee at the University of California (Irvine, CA). HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HB 8065) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville. MD) and grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. In Situ Hybridization. Tissue sections were placed on poly-L-lysinecoated plates, deparaffmized, incubated at 23°Cfor 10 min with I ng/ml proteinase K (Boehringer-Mannheim Biochemicals, Indianapolis, IN) and for 10 min with 0.5X standard saline citrate ( 1X standard saline citrate = 150 IHM NaCI. 15 ITIMsodium citrate, pH 7.0), as previously reported (9). Tissue sections were then prehybridized and hybridized with cRNA probes specific for TßR-IIand TßR-IIIas previously reported (9). The sections were washed and digested with RNAse A (20 jig/ml; Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO), dehydrated by immersion in graded alcohol, coated with NTB2 autoradiography emulsion (Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY), and exposed for 7 days (9). Following development, the slides were counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. To verify the specificity of the in situ hybridization reaction, control slides were treated either with RNAse or with the respective sense probes. In both cases, this resulted in loss of the in situ hybridization signals. 4 H. Friess. Y. Yamanaka. M. BÃ1⁄4chler. H. G. Beger. L. I. Gold, and M. Korc. Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor ßisoforms in human pancreatic cancer, sub mitted for publication.


OBJECTIVE:The aim of this paper is to study the natural history and outcome of medical treatment of giant gastric ulcer in the histamine H2-receptor antagonist era.METHODS:All patients with gastric ulcer were prospectively followed. We assessed the special features (in particular, demography and treatment outcome) in patients with giant gastric ulcer, defined as ulcers large enough to occupy at least one wall.RESULTS:Between 1976 and 1991, 537 patients with gastric ulcer were seen, of whom 129 (24%) had giant gastric ulcer. Giant gastric ulcer patients were significantly older (p < 0.05) than patients with smaller ulcers and had more aggressive disease, reflected by a higher incidence of bleeding, anorexia, weight loss, and emergency admission. More giant gastric ulcers were located in the body of the stomach and a higher proportion looked malignant. Four of 129 patients died immediately (bleed n = 3, unrelated cause n = 1), 15 had urgent surgery (bleed n = 11, perforation n = 2, suspected cancer n = 2) and 110 were treated medically, mainly with cimetidine 1 g daily. Healing occurred in 97 of 110 (88%), including 14 of 15 with refractory disease, i.e., healing took >3 months and/or needed cimetidine 2–3 g daily. Of the remaining 13 patients, six died (from unrelated causes), three had surgery for failed medical treatment, two defaulted, and two were still on treatment (one with refractory ulcer). Refractoriness was more common in patients with associated major medical illness (42%vs 12%, p < 0.01) or with giant gastric ulcers that looked malignant although they were benign (53%vs 21%, p < 0.01). Relapse off treatment was higher (13 of 26) than on maintenance treatment with cimetidine 0.4–2 g daily (14 of 70). Complications occurred in six patients: four off treatment and two on maintenance treatment. Only two giant gastric ulcers finally proved to be malignant. Of the 129 patients, 47 (36%) died, 14 within 3 months (two from bleeding, three postoperatively, nine from unrelated causes) and 33 later (two with gastric cancer and 31 from unrelated causes).CONCLUSIONS:Giant gastric ulcer is uncommon. Patients are more seriously ill than those with smaller ulcers. Most giant gastric ulcers heal with histamine H2-receptor antagonist treatment. The condition is a marker of poor general health, reflected by the high long term mortality.


Objective
To study the efficacy of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate combined with cilostazol in the treatment of patients with lacunar infarction.

Methods
Eighty patients with lacunar infarction admitted to our hospital were enrolled in the study from April 2017 to January 2019. The patients were randomly divided into the control group (40 cases) and the observation group (40 cases). The two groups were given basic treatment, the control group was treated with cilostazol, and the observation group was treated with sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate + cilostazol. The treatment effect, blood rheology [whole blood viscosity, hematocrit (HCT), fibrinogen (FIB), erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI)] before and after treatment, cerebrovascular function (blood inflow time, cerebral blood flow), neurological deficit (NIHSS) score, quality of life (SF-36) score, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.

Results
The total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [95.00% (38/40) vs. 77.50% (31/40)] (P<0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the whole blood viscosity in the observation group was (4.57±0.30) mPa/s, HCT was (37.81±2.97)%, FIB was (3.48±0.74)%, EAI was (1.28±0.26)%, which were all lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); the blood inflow time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group [(0.21±0.05)s vs.(0.24±0.06)s], the cerebral blood flow in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [(561.14±28.49) ml/min vs.(528.73±26.44) ml/min] (P<0.05); the NIHSS score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [(7.86±1.03) vs.(9.01±1.14)], the score of SF-36 in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [(75.29±6.09) vs.(68.07±5.72)] (P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in the two groups.

Conclusion
Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate combined with cilostazol has significant curative effect in patients with lacunar infarction, which can improve blood rheology and cerebrovascular function, promote neurological recovery, improve quality of life, without obvious adverse reactions, worthy of clinical promotion.

Key words:
Lacunar infarction; Cilostazol; Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate


Neodymium is one of the rare earth elements that can be found in house hold equipments such as television, fluorescent lamps and glasses. The most important use of neodymium is as a component in the alloys (Nd-Fe-B) used to make high strength permanent magnets. These magnets are used in computer data storing, in loud speakers and are part of modern vehicles. Oxides of lanthanides are extensively used in the fabrication of glass fibres for optical purposes, optical glasses, gasolinecracking catalysts, polishing compounds and carbon arcs [1]. Neodymium is largely discarded in to the environment by petroleum producing industry and also when house hold equipments are thrown away. Neodymium is gradually accumulated in soil and water and lead to the increase in concentration in humans, animals and soil particles. Accumulation of nedodymium in human body can damage the lungs and liver. So the trace level determination of neodymium in environmental and in biological materials is very important and has received increasing attention [2]. Different instrumental techniques that are accessible for the determination of neodymium are X-ray fluorescence [3] (AAS), neutron activation analysis [4], isotopic dilution method [5-7], inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP AES) [8] and inductively Chemically Modified Carbon Paste Sensor Based on N,N-Bis(salicylidine)butane-1,4-diamine for Determination of Nd(III)


Chemometrics method was used to study near infrared spectra of ternary mixture of water,acetic acid and ethanol,which have very similar near infrared spectra because of hydroxyl group.The result shows that the mixtures could be recognized effectively by near infrared specscopy with help of chemometrics.The bilinear regression prediction model was established for estimating the composition of the mixtures, and method is simply and reliably and with good results.


There are two types of (Management-Labour) Pacts for employment, which are to preserve the security of workers' employment. One type is to prohibit redundancy(dismissal for managerial reasons), and the other is to dismiss after consent of trade union. Prior to recent holdings, the Supreme Court has been negative to admit the effects of Pacts for employment. Yet with recent holdings - 2011du20406 and 2010da38007 -, the Court seems to change the direction toward affirmative. In 2011du20406 holding, "if labour and management conclude collective agreement of limiting the redundancy, that agreement cannot be seen as trespassing mandatory norm or social order, except special circumstances. Futhermore as rules prescribing working condition and other treatments, the dismissal against that agreement in principle cannot be seen as just dismissal. Confirming that Management-Labour Pacts for employment are rules prescribing working condition, ets., means issues about that Pacts are mandatory subjects for collective bargaining. And so it seems to be contradictory with the stubborn holding of the Supreme Court, managerial decision including dismissal for managerial reasons is to be excluded from mandatory subjects for collective bargaining.


Living environment in cities is gradually changing with the improvement of people living standard,and the species and physicochemical characteristics of urban domestic garbage have also been increasingly complex.This paper firstly summarized the shortage of traditional methods of domestic garbage disposal,then emphatically summarized the traditional technology of sorting and the development of new technologies.Based on the research,the paper also made some recommendations to the traditional and new technology research,for instance,technologies raised in some other areas should also be brought into the field.In this way,this society can improve resource use and make garbage harmless,so as to realize the environmental protection and sustainable development of the society.


Query processing is an essential task to obtain meaningful information in a data mining application. It needs to be optimized for its effective implementation in any application. A join operation of relational data base management system is one such technique that can optimize the query process efficiently. In a similar manner the join operation in a spatial data base management system can be utilized to optimize the query process. Join operation itself is accelerated by the implementation of join indexes further optimizing the query process. Efficient implementation of join indices is possible with such multidimensional indexing structures as R-trees, Grid files, Bi-partite graphs, Neighbourhood graphs, etc. An effective join processing algorithm in collusion with the join index enhances the query process further. A cost model with CPU cost, I/O cost, number of page and node accesses with a constraint of fixed buffer size has to be evaluated to check the feasibility of the join operation.


Emily Carr: New Perspectives Curators Charles Hill, Ian Thom and Johanne Lamoureux, National Gallery of Canada, Until Sept. 4, 2006

Canadians embrace Emily Carr (1871–1945) for her vision of our country, her documentation and, later, interpretation of the culture that preceded us, and her


This study found that independent practice associations—networks of small medical practices—can offer a useful model for helping small physician practices overcome barriers to health information technology adoption and use.


Smart growth is about helping cities become economically prosperous, socially equitable, and environmentally sustainable place to live. The purpose of this paper is establishing a model to measure and compare the smart growth degree. Principle component analysis is a suitable method since the factors affecting the smart growth degree are complicated. These factors involve ten principles of smart growth and three E's of sustainability. Through selecting the principle components, I can simplify the method of evaluation at most. Then I choose Cleveland in US and Jiayuguan in China as research objects. According the model, I got the scores on each indicators about each cities, also got the final smart growth of each cities. Introduction Development is an eternal purpose pursued by the governments. From the length of our daily commute to the price of a new home to the safety of our neighborhoods--issues I care about are all influenced by development decisions. Smart growth is about helping cities become economically prosperous, socially equitable, and environmentally sustainable place to live. Meanwhile, the core of smart growth is the ten principles involving land uses, community development, transportation choices and decision makings, including almost every aspect of daily life. The edges of the sustainable development are obvious. In other words, it is a powerful tool for a city to accelerate the speed of urbanization and accomplish the expected blueprints. Moreover, the priority of the ten principles and three E's vary taking account of the current situation of a city. Thus the following development plans need to be adjusted to match the criterion more perfectly. It is complex and imprecise if the decision makers merely refer to the textual principles without using a quantitative tool to measure. The principal component analysis model Symbol Definitions. Table 1 Symbols of model symbols definitions j S the smart growth principle's standardized score j n number of indicators within the principle( scale 0-10) i D the indicator's scores ( scale 0-2) total S smart growth index of a city's development plan SGPi the indicator of smart growth principle Outline of the Approach. With all aspects taken into account, I select 16 indicators to indicate the 10 principles of smart growth and the three E's of sustainability, revealed in Table 2. To measure the success of smart growth of a city quantitatively, I establish smart growth index as the core of our model. The building of the index includes five steps. 5th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology (ICMMCT 2017) Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Engineering, volume 126


Performance and power consumption are two important aspects of reconfigurable finite impulse response (FIR) filters. In this paper, a new reconfigurable FIR architecture named SCSD FIR is proposed. This proposed architecture has been synthesized in 0.13 μm technology with a precision of 16 bits. Design example shows that FIR with 551 taps achieves 21.3% area reduction and 19.0% power reduction compared with the most efficient existing architecture of FIRs. It also achieves an improvement of 13.1% in speed. Furthermore, these advantages are expanded as the taps of filters are increasing.


Children with Down's syndrome are at an increased risk for development of several hematological disorders like acute leukemia, acute myelofibrosis of childhood and transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD)(1). Transient myeloproliferative disorder is recognized shortly after birth or in neonatal period and is characterized by leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia, which resolves spontaneously in few weeks to months(2). Transient myeloproliferative disorder is an uncommon syndrome strongly associated with abnormalities of chromosome 21(3). To the best of our knowledge this entity has not been described in the Indian literature. Here we report our experience of one such case.


A self-adjoint dynamical time operator is introduced in Dirac's relativistic formulation of quantum mechanics and shown to satisfy with the Hamiltonian a commutation relation analogous to that of the position and momentum operators. The instantaneous rate of change of the position expectation value with respect to the simultaneous expectation value of the dynamical time operator is shown to be the phase velocity, in agreement with de Broglie's hypothesis of a particle associated wave whose phase velocity is larger than c. Thus, these two elements of the original basis and interpretation of quantum mechanics are integrated into its formal mathematical structure. Pauli's objection is shown to be resolved or circumvented. Possible relevance to current developments in interference in time and in cosmology is noted.


Literature is an expression of art through language media. In general, literary works in Arabic are divided into three, namely prose, poetry, and drama. One of the prose literary works is short story. Discourse markers, which can be words or sentences, are important in generating coherent parts of literature discourse. In this study, the researchers will examine the discourse markers in the short story entitled "Arnūb wa-al-Kasl" written by Aḥmad Samīr (2008). The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative in which the researchers as the main instrument aimed to describe the Arabic discourse markers used in the short story. The results of this study showed that the following are the discourse markers used in the story: wāw ('aṭaf and isti'nāf), innā wa-akhawātuhā, kamā, fā' ['aṭaf] and ba'da. For the wāw, it was found 8 words, for innā wa-akhawātuhā it was found 5 words, and for ba'da it was found in 2 words.


Abstract Various substituted oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridines 5a-d have been synthesized by condensation of appropriate hydroxyaminopyridines and aldehydes followed by oxidative cyclization of the resulting Schiff's bases with lead tetraacetate. This method has been extended to the synthesis of the DNA minor groove binding ligands 5e and 5f related to Hoechst 33258 1.