Honey production forests (HPFs) are crucial forest areas for the preservation and transfer of biodiversity for future generations, provision of sustainable food safety, supporting rural development, and the rehabilitation of barren forests so that society can benefit from them. The purpose of this study is to prepare a model for conducting planning and prioritizing for HPF areas. For this purpose, using a multidimensional decision support model, we determined the most suitable three areas by way of prioritizing potential HPF areas identified. Bartın in Turkey which was chosen as the area of study, in line with the criteria (ecological–environmental, economic, and socio-cultural) set out using the participatory approach. The ranking and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods were employed. The results of the study indicate that public institutions and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) prioritize ecological–environmental criteria (especially the type of honey) in their identification of HPFs, whereas the locals care more about the economic criteria, especially the potential for honey production, when identifying HPFs. Moreover, the fact that the level of demand is at the top among the economy-based sub-criteria indicates that the demands and expectations of interest groups should definitely be taken into consideration in the functional provision of forest resources. If HPF areas are planned and established by paying attention to the priorities, HPFs would contribute to an increase in added value and social welfare in the local area as well as to employment, rural development, and the sustainable management of forest resources. v.24 n.1 2018 SELECTING SUITABLE FOREST AREAS FOR HONEY PRODUCTION USING THE AHP: A CASE STUDY IN TURKEY


Valve systems in rocket propulsion systems and testing facilities are constantly subject to dynamic events resulting from the timing of valve motion leading to unsteady fluctuations in pressure and mass flow. Such events can also be accompanied by cavitation, resonance, system vibration leading to catastrophic failure. High-fidelity dynamic computational simulations of valve operation can yield important information of valve response to varying flow conditions. Prediction of transient behavior related to valve motion can serve as guidelines for valve scheduling, which is of crucial importance in engine operation and testing. In this paper, we present simulations of valve motion utilizing a multi-element unstructured computational approach that permits the use of variable grid topologies, thereby permitting solution accuracy and resolving important flow physics in the seat region of the valve. The approach is based on a mesh library strategy in which generalized mesh movement is applied between a sequence of meshes and the solution is transferred between meshes at specific valve positions pre-defined in the library. We discuss important valve flow characteristics such as valve response to variable plug control speeds as part of our simulations. Furthermore, we present an alternative methodology that utilizes a single grid that deforms and adapts during valve motion.


This paper provides a Monte Carlo approach for achieving maximum likelihood in generalized linear mixed models. Practical approaches for accessing convergence and precision of parameters are also discussed. Simulation study shows unbiased fixed effects parameter estimation with covariance components estimation comparable to previous study. Application for a small-area estimation of breast cancer mortality using Poisson distribution is illustrated.


Nitric oxide is an important bioactive molecule in microorganism,which play important role in bacterial growth,biofilm formation,cell protection and microbial resistance etc.Studies had shown that microorganism was able to respond to exogenous NO,and also could produce NO by NOS,as well as nitrification and denitrification.Study on the role of NO in microbe can provide new ideas for bacterial infections,A number of studies involving nitric oxide will be reviewed in this paper.


Abstract : The study of nonequilibrium flow phenomena using a hypersonic flow of iodine vapor was originated under an AFOSR URI grant. At the end of that grant the major components of a large iodine vapor tunnel were available and assembled. There were insufficient funds to provide a satisfactory iodine resistant coating for the interior of the tunnel. Several inexpensive coatings were investigated but were not satisfactory. The decision was made at that time to validate the cryogenic pumping performance of the iodine hypersonic tunnel by using CO . In parallel a search was initiated for the approximately twenty-five thousand dollars in equipment money required to coat the interior of the tunnel to permit operation with iodine. The report of the work appears here. The pumping performance of the facility is very satisfactory and exceeds the design requirements. As it turns out the University of Southern California, based on the promising pumping results, has now been able to provide sufficient funds to complete the tunnel coating so that by early 1997 the facility will be able to operate on iodine. The University is also at present supporting the work of a student to complete the facility.


In this paper, we present deep learning-based approaches for the task of emotion recognition in voice recordings. A key component of the methods is the representation of emotion categories in a sentiment-arousal space and the usage of this space representation in the supervision signal. Our methods use wavelet and cepstral features as efficient data representations of audio signals. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short Term Memory Network (LSTM) architectures were used in recognition tasks, depending on whether the audio representation was treated as a spatial signal or as a temporal signal. Various recognition approaches were used, and the results were analyzed.


Various detergents have been used in the dye-binding method for the determination of human serum albumin to prevent precipitation of the serum protein. However, there is problem that some detergents contained in the color reagent cause water pollution. Thus, the author studied the dye-binding method for determining human serum albumin using a Bromocresol Green (BCG) solution and a Bromocresol Purple (BCP) solution containing no detergent as a color reagent. The precipitation of serum protein occurred in the pH range of 3.8 to 4.2 for BCG, and 4.2 to 4.6 for BCP. Thus, pH 3.4 and pH 5.2 were selected for the pH of the BCG and BCP color reagents, respectively. In measuring a number of patients' sera, the precipitaion of serum protein was not observed at all in both BCG and BCP color reagents containing no detergent. The measurement values obtained by the proposed BCG method correlated very well with those by the conventional BCG method (r = 0.997, y = 0.983x−0.807, n = 90) and the conventional BCP method (r = 0.984, y = 0.849x + 5.57, n = 90). The measurement values obtained by the proposed BCP method correlated well with those by the conventional BCP method (r = 0.961, y = 0.809x + 7.55, n = 90) and the conventional BCG method (r = 0.948, y = 0.913x + 2.39, n = 90). The mean values of the proposed BCG and BCP methods and the conventional BCG and BCP methods were 36.6, 37.2, 38.1 and 36.6 g/l, respectively.


The invention relates to a clean production method for extracting rare earth from Baotou rare earth concentrate. The method comprises the following steps: chemically concentrating the Baotou rare earth concentrate, removing calcium and iron, and drying; mixing the obtained Baotou rare earth concentrate with a mixed alkali according to an ore/alkali ratio of 1:0.2-0.3, uniformly mixing, and roasting at 500-550DEG C for 1-2h, wherein the mixed alkali comprises sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate according to a weight ratio of 2-3:1; washing with water for removing fluorine and phosphorus; optically leaching trivalent rare earth through using hydrochloric acid to prepare cerium-less rare earth chloride for an extraction section and cerium-rich ore; and dissolving the cerium-rich ore in industrial hydrochloric acid in the presence of a reducing agent for impurity removal to produce a cerium chloride solution, precipitating by ammonium bicarbonate, and calcing to prepare cerium oxide. The method for processing the Baotou rare earth ore has the advantages of good fluorine and phosphorus removal effects, solving and avoiding of the large amount of three wastes generated by a concentrated sulfuric acid process and a caustic soda process, solving of the comprehensive recovery of calcium, phosphorus and acid dissolution slag and iron thorium slag, and benefiting for the comprehensive utilization of resources.


Cyperus rotundus L. is a common perennial weed which is in full bloom in months of May and June, a time of floral scarcity (dearth period) for honeybees. Present study revealed that Apis mellifera foraged on inflorescences of these plants abundantly during morning hours (5:40 to 9:00 am) and maximum abundance was recorded at 7:00 am (35 bees/m2/min). Average foraging frequency of A. mellifera bees was observed to be 26.64 spiklets/min. or 18 plants/min. Foraging rate was adversely effected by increased wind velocity. Average pollen load collected was found to be 6.37 mg/bee indicating the importance of weed for beekeeping and wild honeybees.


Nowadays college graduates face much stronger competition in employment opportunities.This is associated with traditional college teaching methods.Universities help students make preparation in the need of our society.From the aspects of teaching methods and students themselves,the authors discuss new teaching methods,by which more attention is paid to students′ self-teaching ability.It is helpful to enhance teaching quality and to train students in a full range.It offers college students good learning and adaptation abilities in practice.


Background This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of monotherapy acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and warfarin for stroke prevention in low-risk atrial fibrillation (AF) by using a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Methods A newly diagnosed low-risk AF patient cohort were identified by using National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan in 2008. The study cohort was observed with a follow-up of 2 years to examine the onset of ischemic stroke (IS) (to 2010). The longitudinal data were analyzed by using generalized estimation equations (GEE). Results A total of 8,065 newly-diagnosed low-risk AF patients were identified in 2008. 7.4% were prescribed with ASA and 4.6% were prescribed with warfarin. The GEE results showed that low-risk AF patients with hypertension who received warfarin were associated with a statistically significant 58.4% reduction of IS risk (OR = 0.416, p = 0.024, 95% CI 0.194–0.891). Additionally, low-risk AF patients with hyperlipidemia who received warfarin were associated with a 69.3% reduction of IS risk (OR = 0.307, p = 0.044, 95% CI 0.097–0.969). Conclusions Warfarin is suggested to be prescribed in preventing IS for low-stroke-risk AF patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia.


Food businesses face specific challenges when they are expanding, and when volumes and turnover start growing significantly. Higher value food chains, such as organic food chains, tend to converge either towards rather narrow market segments and niches or towards conventionalisation and loss in added value. In addition many entrepreneurs in the organic food sector do not possess a formal training in business economics and/or management. However, as businesses grow, increasing management competences are required and this tends to become a constraint.
Aiming to better understand different development pathways with their particular challenges, business strategies and management instruments, this paper presents an analysis of 19 case studies in Europe and Turkey with respect to their expansion pathways.


An AC-DC converter using a new switched-capacitor (SC) transformer and its design are presented. The maximum voltage of capacitors is 1/n times that of a capacitor- input-type rectifier circuit, where n is the number of charge-transfer capacitors. The output voltage ripple is small, since the equivalent smoothing capacitor value is n times that of conventional SC transformers (series-parallel switching type). Using the design method presented, a test circuit was designed. The experimental results of the test circuit show that the efficiency of the SC transformer is very high (95%) and the maximum output power is 40 W.<<ETX>>


Presents the steady_state programming with constant coolant average temperature and constant live steam pressure ,an ideal programming for marine nuclear power plant (NPP),under which,both the coolant average temperature and the live steam pressure of nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) are constant when the steady state operating condition is varied,and points out that in comparison with the steady_sate programming with constant coolant average temperature,the ideal programming can improve the overall operating performance of NPP effectively,especially in low_load range,for instance, raise the heat efficiency of NPP,decrease the operating noise of main coolant pump,and improve the conditions of design ,operation and control of the secondary loop system.


Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) was designed to reduce the long handover time associated with MIPv6 by employing a hierarchy of Mobile Anchor Points (MAPs). However, the selection of MAP and its load status critically affect the system performance. Thus, in this paper, we introduce two novel dynamic MAP selection schemes for HMIPv6, that relieve overloaded MAPs as well as select a more suitable MAP according to each Mobile Node (MN)'s up-to-date mobility towards reducing inter-domain handover, resulting in saving the overall signaling cost. Further, we develop an analytical model of the average signaling cost for inter-domain handover to investigate the performance of another existing approach with its basis on IETF HMIPv6 as well as our schemes. We also perform simulations to evaluate the performance of our proposed schemes. It is shown via simulation and numerical results that the proposed dynamic MAP selection schemes can significantly reduce the number of inter-domain handovers and the average signaling cost as well as distribute load over multiple MAPs compared to the other existing approaches.


The technological revolution has changed considerably not only the way people travel and but also how they narrate their experiences. In this respect, the analysis of travel blogs can offer insights into the discursive and communicative practices which characterize this hybrid genre. This study is based on the investigation of a corpus of highly visited travel blogs and aims to observe their hybridity from a multitude of perspectives. More specifically, hybridity is seen in terms of genre, (a)synchronicity, collaboration, modes of communication and level of multimodality, style, orientation, levels of subjectivity and pragmatic functions. From a lexical perspective, specific attention is devoted to evaluative adjectives. In particular, the use of adjectives belonging to conceptual classes such as 'assessment' or 'deviance' is a widespread tool to express the blogger's subjectivity and may assume different communicative and pragmatic functions.


Objective:To develop a HPLC for determining the contents of four anthraquinones in Yiqing granules by a single marker(QAMS).Method:RP-HPLC was performed on an Accurasil C 18 column(4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),eluted with a mobile phase of methanol-0.4% phosphoric acid solution(85∶ 15).The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.The column temperature was set at 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was 254 nm.Using emodin as an internal reference substance,the contents of four anthraquinones in 11 batches of Yiqing granules was authentically determined by QAMS,and compared with the measured values by external standard method.Result:Recoveries of rhein,emodin,chrysophanol and physcion were 103.6%,98.8%,99.5%,99.4% with RSD were 0.29%,1.8%,2.7%,3.8%,respectively.f rhein/emodin = 1.14,f chrysophanol/emodin = 1.47,f physcion/emodin = 1.04,r rhein/emodin = 0.64,r chrysophanol/emodin = 1.38,r physcion/emodin = 1.88,there were no significant differences between results determined by the two standard method.Conclusion:This method was simple and reliable,it could be used for determination of the four anthraquinones inYiqing granules.


Predicated execution appears to be a promising way to exploit more instruction level parallelism. By eliminating conditional branches, branch penalties can be reduced and the size of the basic blocks can be increased, further facilitating compiler optimizations. Past work on predicated execution focused almost entirely on compiler issues. In this paper, we analyze the impact of predicated execution on the pipeline control of out-of-order and in-order superscalar machines. We show problems arising in implementing predication and propose both conservative and aggressive solutions.


The present work deals with the photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI) by zinc oxide particles. Cr(VI) removal capacity of 494.4 mg/g, 369.27 mg/g, and 355.59 mg/g was noted in sunlight, fluorescent, and dark conditions respectively at optimized parameters (pH: 5.0, initial Cr(VI) concentration: 50 mg/L, particle dosage: 10 mg/L, contact time: 60 min). A Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo first order kinetics were observed. The aggregation of Cr(VI) interacted ZnO particles was observed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results suggest the photon-assisted reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) on the ZnO particle. The EDX, FTIR, and EELS indicated Cr(VI) removal by an adsorption-coupled reduction mechanism. Lower aggregation observed in the sunlight condition favoured enhanced Cr(VI) sorption compared to that in fluorescent light. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the interaction of Cr(VI) on the particle surface and the electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) confirmed its subsequent reduction to Cr(III). The applicability of the process was studied with Cr(VI)–Cr(III) binary mixture and the multi–metal solutions.


By safety evaluation of several industrial explosive automatic packing lines,the safety and advantage property was affirmed.Some existing not-safe problems were pointed,and the corresponding correction methods were also suggested.


: Hydrocarbon resources play a significant role in driving economic growth in many countries, mobilising the necessary revenues for public services and lifting people out of poverty. Nonetheless, in some developing countries the clear legislative and regulatory frameworks, and optimal fiscal regimes required for using such hydrocarbon resources to drive economic growth are lacking or deficient. As such, a clear set of rules and fiscal regimes is essential to attract investors and a prerequisite for a socially and environmentally sustainable sector. From this, the impacts of hydrocarbon discoveries have prompted the Government of Cameroon (GoC) to review its 1999 Petroleum Code by adopting a new one in 2019. The revision was made with an eye on increasing revenue collection and sustainable incentives for investment. In this regard, the paper examines the general legal fulcrum of the hydrocarbon sector on the one hand, while synchronising the legal and fiscal framework in the hydrocarbon sector in Cameroon on the other. By critically analysing the prospects and challenges to enhance sustainable hydrocarbon investments, as a stand-alone analysis of the Code reveals that issues linked to implementation and investment cost control are crucial in determining a fair share of revenues for the country. Besides, a comparative analysis of the new Code"s fiscal provisions with those of other peer countries suggests that it embeds tools to ensure revenues while still catering for investor needs. The revenue simulations comparing the 1999 and the 2019 Codes reveal a high revenue potential for the latter. Despite these, to ensure that the GoC reaps the full benefits from the provisions of the new Code, the paper highly recommends that the regulatory and commercial roles of SNH be unbundled and separated. So that SNH can concentrate more as a strictly commercial company, while the other institution concentrates on the regulatory role of the hydrocarbon sector.


Preface Introduction What are "fake" or "real" marriages?: The experiences of Korean-Chinese marriage migrants in contemporary Korea No love, no happy-ending?: The place of romantic love in the marriage business and brokered cross-cultural marriages States of separation: (Re)negotiating emotional sentiments of affiliation in mainland Chinese/Hong Kong cross-border marriages Inside the home: power and negotiation in Filipina-Japanese marriages Gendered transnationalism from below: Capital, woman and family in Taiwan-Vietnam's cross-border marriages Multicultural marriages and their dynamics in Finland When love comes to town and when it is missing. International migration, marriage, divorce and being single in small towns and rural areas in Spain Marriage migration, a matter of love or interest? Exploring bi-national marriages in the context of Swiss restrictive immigration policies Emotions, international division of labor and circulation: the case of cabaret dancers in Switzerland The geographies of recruiting a partner from abroad: an exploration of Swedish data Transnational and national belongings: Multiple identities of Finnish women in mixed marriages in the U.S., 1950s-present Index.


Efficient light trapping structure is needed for thin film silicon solar cell. We have investigated that dielectric diffraction grating structures have the potential to increase the efficiency by excellent light absorption. In order to boost up the efficiency of the solar cell optimized diffraction grating is designed which cause the optical path length enhancement within the silicon (Si) absorber layer. In our simulation Si square grating and titanium oxide (TiO2) pyramid grating is integrated separately on the illuminated surface of a 3.0 μm - thick-solar cell. Numerical simulation is performed with Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method over a wavelength range of 400-1100 nm. The resultant potential short circuit current density is compared with the planar and ideal Lambertian case. Solar cell with TiO2 pyramid diffraction grating on the front surface results better light trapping than the cell with Si square grating. Simulation result shows that TiO2 pyramid grating provides a short circuit current density, Jsc, of 24.7mAcm-2 which is 67.2% of ideal Lambertian case.


Work with experimental animals to perform biocompatibility tests in vivo, requires compliance with various protocols. In addition, the use of animals for study has a number of ethical and legal implications that must be taken into account when planning experiences.
In this paper we analyze the protocols that must be taken into account in Argentina for experimentation with laboratory animals. The results of in vivo implantation tests using Ti (TiD), porous titanium (TiP) and titanium-hydroxyapatite (TiHA) samples, obtained by the powder metallurgical process, in Wistar rats are also shown. The procedures developed for animal selection, surgical procedure and post-surgical control were adequate. Good adhesion of the bone to the surface of the implants could be verified and also a start of new bone growth in the pores of the porous implants.


We demonstrated an economical way of fabricating gel–film-based devices by combining nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and a sol–gel technique. A novel imprinting procedure, new mold surface passivation, and an effective surfactant added to sol were developed. Gratings with 300 nm pitch and 80 nm linewidth and waveguide gratings with varying periods were imprinted in a single step and with excellent uniformity into the gel films coated on a quarter of 4 in. wafers, respectively. Surface roughness measurements of waveguide gratings by atomic force microscope showed smooth profiles with root mean square roughness less than 6 nm. NIL is an excellent patterning technology for gel–film-based optical devices.


This experience report describes core values and approaches to teaching and developing programs in User Experience (UX). What binds these values and approaches together is a deep engagement with ongoing trends and best practices in the field of UX over the past several decades. Examples offered are contextually embedded, yet each expression is consistent with underlying core competencies gleaned from a ten-plus year history of teaching and practicing UX design, information architecture and information design, visual rhetoric, ethics, and usability in the technical communication classroom. The best practices we articulate below are applicable in the context of corporate training, team building and preparation, and consulting, in addition to academic contexts.


The detection and tracking of extended stealth targets (ESTs) is a challenging task in radar technology, especially if from image observations because of the fluctuations of radar cross section. To overcome this challenge, multi ‐ Bernoulli (MB) filter can be used to extract the extended target (ET) states in efficient and reliable manner. Recently, the MB ‐ filter ‐ based random matrices model (RMM) approach has been proposed for ellipsoidal ET tracking with additional state variables. However, RMM ‐ MB filter is demonstrated with known detection profile, which is unsuitable for EST tracking. Thus, a joint detection and tracking of multiple ESTs based on track ‐ before ‐ detect (TBD) approach, which is an efficient way to track low ‐ observable ESTs, is proposed. In EST ‐ RMM ‐ TBD scenarios, although the extension ellipsoid is efficient, it may not be accurate because of some missing useful information, such as size, shape, and orientation. To address this, a EST ‐ sub ‐ RMM ‐ TBD composed of sub ‐ ellipses is introduced, each representing an RMM. Based on such models, a sub ‐ RMM ‐ MB ‐ TBD filter is used to estimate the kinematic states and extensions of sub ‐ objects for each EST. Furthermore, a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) implementation to estimate non ‐ linear kinematic EST state is applied. The results indicate that the proposed SMC ‐ sub ‐ RMM ‐ MB ‐ TBD filter has more accurate cardinality estimation and smaller optimal sub ‐ pattern assignment errors than the recent extended tracking filters.


[Objective]The aim was to research the effect of nitrogen application on winter wheat yields and in soils of surrounding farmland inBaiyangdian lake.[Method]The field experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen application on yields of winter wheat,efficiencyof nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen accumulation in soils of two representative agricultural fields.[Result]The results showed that the opti-mum amount of nitrogen could improve the wheat grain number,grain weight and other yield components and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizersignificantly.The nitrate nitrogen mainly existed in 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer and their concentrations increased with the increases of nitrogen appli-cation levels.The accumulations of soil nitrate nitrogen decreased in 0 ~ 90 cm depth with the growth period passed.In mature stage,the accu-mulations rapidly increased the increases of nitrogen application levels when the nitrogen application rate was higher than the optimum amountof nitrogen.So the higher nitrogen application increased the risk of nitrate nitrogen transportation from soil surface layer to the deep layer.[Conclusion]Considering the yield and environmental benefits,the optimum amounts of nitrogen were 225 kg/hm2 in MaPu and 90 kg/hm2 inZhangLiu fields respectively under the experimental conditions.


INTRODUCTION: Magnesium (Mg) alloys are promising biodegradable metallic materials for orthopedic implants due to their many desirable properties. Mg has a mechanical strength and elastic modulus similar to cortical bone [1], and the degradation products can be naturally metabolized [2]. Furthermore, increased bone growth has been observed surrounding Mg derived implants in vivo [3]. However, rapid Mg degradation in vivo leads to rapid loss of mechanical properties of implants and acute increase of the local pH, thus limiting clinical translation of Mg alloys to orthopedic implants [4]. Significantly increased pH is often the primary reason for Mg cytotoxicity in vitro [5]. Many different experimental techniques have been used to investigate the cytocompatibility of Mg-based biomaterials and their in vitro interactions with cells, but the results of different experimental techniques are often not directly comparable to each other, even if the same research question is studied. The ability to compare experimental results among different literature reports is important to advance the field rapidly towards clinical translation. Therefore, this tutorial will first review and compare various in vitro techniques used to investigate cellular interactions with Mg-based biomaterials, and then emphasize the urgent need to establish standardized procedures for in vitro evaluation of Mg-based biomaterials.


In this study, it has been determined that totally 37 species belonging to Opatrinae, 38 species belonging to Tenebrioninae and 2 species belonging to Adeliinae subfamilies of Tenebrionidae occuring in the collection of LEMT (Lodos Entomological Museum Turkey). Amongst those Dendarus (Pandarinus) armeniacus Baudi, 1876, D. (Pandarinus) caelatus Brulle, 1832, Pedinus (s. str.) quadratus Brulle, 1832, P. (s. str.) reitteri Seidlitz, 1893, Lobodera (Penthomegus) iners Menetries, 1832, Blaps rotundata Solier, 1848 and Nalassus dryadophilus (Mulsant, 1854) are the first reliable records from Turkey. In addition to these 16 species are endemic.


Influence of Paravalvular Leakage after TAVR on Left Ventricular Work and Coronary Flow: An In-vitro Study Matthias F. Menne, Serap Özdemir, Thomas Schmitz-Rode, and Ulrich Steinseifer RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany Objective: To assess the influence of paravalvular leakage (PVL) on stroke work and coronary flow (CF) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a pulse duplicator. Methods: A Medtronic CoreValve 29mm aortic valve was used for the measurements. The aortic root model featured three sinuses of valsalvae, two coronary arteries and a mechanism to induce progressive PVL at each of the sinuses. Pressure, flow and PV-loops were measured at normotensive conditions (no PVL, 5L/min cardiac output (CO), 100mmHg mean aortic pressure (MAP)) and at various degrees of PVL up to leakage rates considered severe in clinical routine. The PV loops allowed for the calculation of left ventricular work. Results: CO decreased steadily with increasing PVL up to a minimum of 3.4L/min at severe PVL at 40%. MAP decreased with increasing PVL (MAP 60mmHg at 40% PVL, p<0.01). The stroke work required to maintain normotensive conditions with PVL increased significantly with more severe leakage up to a maximum of 2.2J at 40% PVL (baseline 1.27J, p<0.01). Coronary flow decreased with increasing PVL by up to 33% and 43% for the left and right coronary artery, respectively, at 40% PVL. The location of the PVL with regards to the coronary ostia did not show any impact on CF. Readjusting the stroke of the pulse duplicator to normotensive conditions resulted in an increase of CF back to baseline values. Conclusions: The increased stroke work necessary to regain sufficient CO, CF and MAP when PVL is present puts additional strain on the left ventricle potentially promoting hypertrophy and subsequently heart failure. Effects of PVL location on CF such as the Venturi effect that have been described in literature were not seen. STRUCTURAL HEART 2019, VOL. 3, NO. S1, 146 https://doi.org/10.1080/24748706.2019.1589356 © 2019 The Heart Valve Society


Monitoring the Earth's shortwave reflectance with persistent, sub-diurnal, cloud-resolved sampling would improve understanding of key climate system processes and track geo-engineering efforts. Current measurement systems do not provide the spatial, spectral or temporal sampling to distinguish between natural variability and anthropogenic modification, so this paper presents Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) system architectures that would provide these monitoring capabilities. The LEO system concept would be a constellation of sixteen microsatellites in four orbit planes with a miniature push-broom Dyson spectrometer providing a 709 km swath. The satellite would be a Boeing microsat that builds on heritage of recent Boeing Space Environmental NanoSat Experiment (SENSE) mission. The GEO system concept would be a scanning Offner spectrometer on a constellation of six satellites launched from a single EELV class launch vehicle. Both systems would provide a two hour revisit, globally, at 1 km spatial resolution and 10 nm spectral resolution between 380 nm and 2510 nm.


This article describes the concept of rural development and the role of information in the overall development of rural populace. It attempts to explore the information needs of rural development practitioners and lists sources of information from various organizations engaged in the task of rural development. Various e(lectronic)-governance initiatives of state governments and the National Informatics Center (NIC) for making day-to-day information available to the rural masses are explained in detail. The article emphasizes the need for an Internet-based information storage and retrieval system for rural development. Web adresses of the organizations engaged in rural development are also provided.


An ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) approach becomes more important as an alternative management method for a sustainable development of fisheries domestically and internationally. Many methods of applying a practical EBFM to fisheries management have been investigated, and considerable attention has been given to developing effective indicators of the present status of and changes in ecosystems and putting them to practical use. Among ecosystem indicators, developing socioeconomic indicators for EBFM is particularly important. This is because socioeconomic factors have direct effects on ecosystems, and ecosystems have direct effects on socioeconomic factors. Therefore, it is imperative that socioeconomic indicators are developed and evaluated in order to predict changes in ecosystems and to provide advice for effective fisheries management. This study is aimed to develop socioeconomic indicators which can be combined with biological and ecological indicators, in order to conduct the ecosystem-based fisheries assessment. In terms of socioeconomic indicators, five socioeconomic criteria were considered as important attributes of socioeconomic changes. These criteria include economical production, business conditions, income, market, and employment indicators. For evaluation of newly developed socioeconomic indicators, the Traffic Light System (TLS) method was used. In addition, on the basis of the application of developed indicators to the Korean large purse seine fishery, the socioeconomic conditions of the fishery and the usefulness of the indicators were evaluated and management implications were discussed.


Objective Graduate entry to nursing programs are new to Australia. This paper reports on an analysis of students enrolled in an accelerated, pre‐registration, masters‐level nursing course in Melbourne, Australia. Design Quantitative surveys were used to gather data on a range of demographic characteristics and factors relating to students' choice to undertake nursing. Setting The study was conducted at one campus of an Australian university. Subjects Seventy‐nine students from the first two cohorts of the Master of Nursing Practice participated in the study. Main outcome measure(s) Descriptive statistics were used to examine age and gender distributions, previous education and employment history, along with reasons surrounding students' application for entry to the course. Results Findings revealed higher male participation than traditional undergraduate nursing programs and students originated from a wide range of cultural and disciplinary backgrounds. Students' previous education ranged from bachelor degree to doctoral levels. A wide range of reasons were given for moving to a nursing career. Predominant reasons were career stability, being part of a caring profession and previous personal or family experience with the health care setting. Conclusion Accelerated programs such as this have the potential to add to the nursing workforce in a way other programs do not, build diverse expertise and professional knowledge. Understanding the characteristics of people attracted to these courses will assist with appropriate tailoring of programs, as well as assisting with marketing the nursing profession.


ABSTRACT Despite Tokyo's size and position in the global urban system, studies of its employment distribution have been few. This research identified the locations and ranks of the employment centers in the entire metropolitan region and analyzed the characteristics of the economic sectors in those centers by using fine scale economic census data. Minimum sizes for a center were explored at a range from as small as 250 by 250 m to 3,000 by 3,000 m, and the Local Indicators of Spatial Association technique was utilized for detecting centers in different ranks. The results showed that, from a regional view, Tokyo has a typical monocentric or concentric spatial structure. However, from a fine scale view, the distribution was revealed to be expanding along the railroads to the suburbs, and both the main central business district and the suburbs are polycentric. Through this research, the authors argue that rather than using thresholds of total employment and minimum densities as seen in the previous studies, centers can be effectively detected by comparing with the surrounding areas at different scales. This "scale-view" approach of center identification may provide a new perspective to other metropolitan regions of the world as well.


A simplifi ed geometrical analysis is presented of the refraction of focused ultrasonic beams in solid cylinders and tubes. The results of this analysis are examined with respect to their implications for the detectability of typical types of defects in various locations in the material. Specifi c focusing techniques are suggested for optimizing detectability in a specifi c region and for obtaining signal balance from defects throughout the region. One of the most important requirements for achieving reliable and effi cient ultrasonic inspection of material of any shape is proper application of the ultrasonic beam to the test material. This is particularly the case for material with curved surfaces. The goal is to be able to determine the paths of the beam rays in the material and to understand how they interact with defects of various shapes, locations, and sizes. When the material is cylindrical, geometrical ray tracing becomes quite straightforward. This is especially true if some simplifying approximations are made in describing the energy distribution profi le of the high-intensity, near-fi eld portion of the transducer beam. Although much of what is described here may be generalized to apply to other ultrasonic inspection techniques, primary emphasis is given to pulse-echo testing with focused immersion (i.e., liquid-column-coupled) transducers. The advantages of immersion inspection over contact methods (direct application of transducer to material with a thin-fi lm couplant) for production testing have been adequately treat-


Patients with chronic conditions who are bedridden or immobile for extended periods of time frequently have pressure sores. Deep tissue infections caused by them may spread to include deeper structures like bones and cause severe morbidity. APRP has aided as an adjuvant therapy to optimise results in a variety of plastic surgical applications. In our case report, we go through how Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (APRP) can be used in conjunction with other treatments to treat pressure sores.


This article analyzes innovation activities of electronic enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City. The descriptive statistical techniques were applied to test the survey data on 185 electronic enterprises in 2016. The results show that although the majority are aware of the importance of innovation and improvement to their production and business processes, they still focus on launching new products or modifying existing products. At the same time, other innovative activities such as improving production process or management failed to show much progress. Specifically, the rates of enterprises that organized R&D department and received information on scientific and technological guidance dropped from 35.80% and 23.50% in 2017 to 34.90% and 16.30% in 2010 before increasing to 37.80% and 20.50% in 2014. In addition, technology renovation activities in enterprises were only 16%, 15.50% and 18.90% in 2017, 2010 and 2014 respectively whereas training of science and technology personnel were 17.30%, 15.50% and 17.80%. This is due to high R&D costs, shortage of financial resources and R&D specialists, and small business scale. Therefore, these enterprises will need to strengthen, enhance and diversify innovation activities for stable and sustainable development.


This is the first study on the relationship between fluctuation and equilibrium in repeated game experiment. We define fluctuation as the strategy movements. In public goods game, for example, fluctuation of an individual is the abstract value of the difference of contribution between one period and its previous period. Similarly, fluctuation of a population is the summary of the fluctuation over the whole subject population of an experimental session, and fluctuation of a group is the summary over a group, and so on. Therefore, it is natural to suppose that there must be a certain relationship between magnitude of fluctuation and deviation from equilibrium, namely, the more deviation from equilibrium, the more fluctuation; and vice versa. Employing data from two previous studies (Nikiforakis and Normann [Exp Econ, 2008] and Chen and Tang [JPE, 1998]), we examine whether there exists such a relationship from several perspectives. Our results show that, (1) at the experimental level, the average magnitude of fluctuation per round is positively related to the deviation from equilibrium; (2) both at the group level and at the individual level, the average magnitude of fluctuation is weakly positively related to deviation from equilibrium; (3) the relationship still holds when Nash Equilibrium moves to the interior of the set of feasible contributions. Briefly, we have identifies certain positive relation between fluctuation and deviation from equilibrium. This relationship might turn out to be a useful tool for examining equilibrium conditions in experiments.


. Two competing theories of verb-second clause structure are compared, and their relative merits are identified. A synthesis of the two theories is proposed, wherein the position occupied by the subject in finite clauses in verb-second Germanic languages is argued to be uniformly Spec-C, in both verb-second clauses and non-verb second clauses. It is shown that this approach allows for a unified theory of Germanic verb-second. The mechanisms which motivate subject movement for Spec-C are elucidated, and the necessary accompanying constraints on CP-recursion structures are presented. A revision of Holmberg's (1986) Predicate Principle is defended as the driving force for verb-second head-movement.


It is well known that from the far antiquity to nowadays the development and survival of a society without quality is impossible. Peoples, which have used the quality control in their life, products, structures and services, succeed to create civilization and to survive. All the technological humanity achievements occur because the peoples knew and used the quality control from the distant antiquity to nowadays. Objective of this review work is to emphasize, to present and support the simple and common aspect that the Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) contributed significantly on the establishment of a base for the development and the survival of any society from the far antiquity to nowadays.


Aims: This study is to describe the major clinical features and to evaluate the prognosis of classic and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in Urumchi, China. Methods: The clinical data of 59 KS patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results: There were 36 patients of classic KS, 22 patients of AIDS-KS, and 1 patient of iatrogenic KS. Classic KS patients were diagnosed at an average age of 59.47 years (male/female, 17:1), including 29 Uygur, 6 Kazak and 1 Mongolian. Most of the lesions (97.22%) were confined to the skin, and the lesion of 1 patient involved inguinal lymph nodes. No mucosa and visceral organs were involved. Cutaneous lesions mainly involved bilateral distal limbs, such as the hands and feet. The AIDS-KS patients were diagnosed at an average age of 43.00 years (male/female, 9:2) including 21 Uygur and 1 Han. Lesions were widely distributed, including limbs, trunk, mucous membranes and visceral. The iatrogenic KS patient only had lesions on trunk without involvement in the mucosa, lymphnodes or visceral organs. Of 36 classic KS patients, the efficacy of local radiotherapy was 71.43% (10/14) and the efficacy of local radiation therapy combining with interferon was 83.33% (10/12). Ten patients did not receive any therapy due to financial constraint or other reasons. Of 22 AIDS-KS patients, 10 patients were treated with high-level antiretroviral therapy. The treatment effectiveness was 80.00% (8/10). Two patients died of hemoptysis. Twelve patients refused the treatment suggestion, and 10 of them died after 6 months of follow-up and 2 patients had increased skin lesions. There were no significant differences in treatment efficacy between classic KS patients and AIDS-KS patients. The lesion of iatrogenic KS patient improved after decrease of cyclosporine dosage. Conclusions: The lesions in classic KS and iatrogenic KS are confined to skin and seldom involve lymph nodes and visceral, on the contrary, the lesions in AIDS-KS are not confined, and may invade the lymph nodes and visceral organs. The classic KS is more common in male Uygur patients and treatment is more effective, while AIDS-KS involves more visceral organs and have much worse prognosis.


SUMMARY

Significant correlations were found between the numbers of apple rust mites Aculus schlechtendali feeding on fruitlets shortly after the blossom period and the amounts of russet on the calyx-end and cheek of apples at harvest. Stalk-end russet was not usually affected. Fruits from clusters or trees on which rust mite numbers had been reduced with an acaricide pre-blossom had less calyx-end and cheek russet than apples from untreated comparisons. Histological studies showed that feeding by mites on flower receptacles/fruitlets in May and June damaged epidermal cells, resulting in russet formation.


Causes of China 's terrorism include religious cause,Minzu cause and cultural cause. Effective intelligence counterterrorism requires China's legislation of intelligence counterterrorism,building information sharing environment of national counterterrorism,and enhancing the soft power of intelligence counterterrorism. Improving the level of China's intelligence counterterrorism,we need to establish a correct concept of intelligence counterterrorism,clear reform principles and focus of intelligence counterterrorism,and take appropriate reform measures of intelligence counterterrorism.


Presented at the Seventh Annual Meeting of the International College of Angiology, London, England, July 23,1965. From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. Study supported in part by Public Health Service Grant HE-09116. Lateral angioplasty by means of patch grafting is quite useful in performing arterial reconstructions, and is occasionally useful in repairing a vein. The variety of autogenous as well as synthetic materials available for patch grafts prompted laboratory investigation to provide understanding of the principles involved. Evaluation by clinical experience alone is made difficult by the variability of conditions so that controlled experiments are necessary. This study summarizes 296 lateral vascular patch grafts in dogs, and includes those from previous preliminary reports.l 2 Details may be obtained from those publications, while the present article constitutes a final summary of results with conclusions drawn from the experiments, as well as from clinical


The superconducting solenoid with constant large current is exposed to an alternating magnetic field during the acceleration of the superconducting maglev train, which will cause flux jump of the superconducting solenoid. It can reduce the current-carrying capacity of the solenoid, and generate a lot of heat and make the temperature of the superconducting solenoid rise sharply, which will make the whole superconducting coils quenched. Thus the research of flux jump has very important scientific significance. Nb3Sn superconducting wire is a composite structure composed of multiple superconducting filaments、copper and epoxy resin. In this paper, the magnetothermal instability behavior of a three-dimensional superconducting wires under alternating magnetic fields and constant current is studied by using a two-dimensional model in which the net current of each filament is constrained to zero. By analyzing the effect of amplitude and frequency of alternating magnetic field on flux jump of a Nb3Sn superconducting wire, we find that when the magnetic field amplitude keeps unchanged, the magnetic field threshold of the initial flux jump changes non-monotonically with the frequency. While the frequency keeps unchanged, the threshold of the initial flux jump changes monotonously with the amplitude of the alternating magnetic field. In addition, with the decreasing applied field, the frequency range for flux jump first increases then decreases to certain critical frequency when the superconducting wire does not have flux jumps. The results of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for regulating the magneto-thermal instability of superconducting wires.


In this paper, a development of decentralized intelligent proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller for multi input multi output (MIMO) controller of double link flexible robotics manipulator is presented. Simultaneous optimization method is implemented in optimizing the parameters The controllers are incorporated with optimization algorithm that is PSO to find out the parameters of the PID controllers. Numerical simulation was carried out in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate the system in term of tracking capability and vibration suppression for both links. The optimal values of PID controller parameters that were achieved via off-line tuning using PSO were tested experimentally on the DLFRM experimental test rig. Experimental results show that the proposed control algorithm managed to control the system to reach desired angle for both hub at lower overshoot. Meanwhile, the vibration reduction shows improvement for both link 1 and 2. This signifies that, the PSO algorithm is very effective in optimizing the PID parameters for double link flexible robotics manipulator.


The frequency switching dual power band rectifier is proposed to achieve both low-power and high-power applications from a single circuit. Two different operating frequencies f1 = 900 MHz and f2 = 2.4 GHz are selected for low-power and high-power applications, respectively. The proposed rectifier fulfills stable operation at two levels of input power by making frequency switching. The Schottky diodes HSMS 2850 and HSMS 2860 are selected for f1 and f2, respectively, based on their performance with respect to the input power. Instead of conventional lumped inductors, defected ground structure (DGS)-based inductors are employed in matching circuits. For maximum RF-to-dc conversion efficiency in both low and high-power conditions, two different optimal loads are required, which is achieved from the load-modulation technique by using Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT). The measurement result of the proposed rectifier shows more than 50% conversion efficiency for the power range -18 dB to 2 dBm and 8 dBm to 20 dBm with circuit size of 35 mm × 30 mm.


Abstract This paper examines one consequence of the increasingly multilingual and multicultural labor market, resulting from migratory flows caused in part by globalization. It focuses on selected legal and translation issues in labor relations arising from misinterpretations and cultural disparities in communication between different languages and cultures. It draws on decisions of the United States National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), where there were misleading and ambiguous translations. It employs a theoretical approach based on concepts from cross-cultural management, including cultural theory, and thereby expands the discipline of Translation Studies. The findings suggest that an understanding of the cultural content, particularly in the practice of intercultural management, is imperative. The paper concludes that a systematic methodology linking culture and language in labor relations should be adopted.


With the development of precision, super precision manufacturing technology, the error separation techniques have been extensively studied and applied with great achievements. But researches before mainly aimed at the measurement of some concrete form errors and the implementation of separation or the way to improve the accuracy. Studies on the relationship among different error separation techniques and their general characters, such as the difference and resemblance of time and frequency separation methods, are not enough. Directed to the subject, this paper explains the internal accordance of time and frequency separation methods theoretically by analyzing their transmission properties, and points out that the only difference is their different expressions.


Transposition of the great arteries (TGAs) is a congenital cardiac malformation characterized by atrioventricular concordance and ventriculoarterial (VA) discordance. The exact aetiology remains unknown [1]. We report for the first time the existence of TGA in a newborn whose mother fulfilled the unified diagnosis criteria for autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) [2] with a typical family history.

The patient was a 40-year-old woman with ADPKD diagnosed at the age of 35 years. Her paternal grandfather and uncle had been given a diagnosis of ADPKD. Her father was a 65-year-old man with ADPKD diagnosed at the age of 50 years during investigation of increased blood pressure (Figure 1). He had progressive kidney failure leading to iterative haemodialysis at the age of 55 years. Other possible manifestations of ADPKD were colonic diverticulosis, minor aortic insufficiency and severe vascular leucoencephalopathy. He died of metastatic colorectal cancer at the age of 65 years. Our patient, while normotensive with normal renal function [serum creatinine level of 0.58 mg/dL (51.04 µmol/L), MDRD creatinine clearance: 96 mL/min/1.73 m2], developed arterial hypertension (150/90 mmHg) during the 20th week of pregnancy and was treated with labetalol and nicardipine. A male infant was born in good condition at 42 weeks' gestation with a birth weight of 2.955 kg. At 5 h, he was noted to be centrally cyanosed. Subsequent echocardiography diagnosed simple TGAs. At Day 9, he underwent an arterial switch operation and ventricular septal defect closure. His subsequent hospital course was uneventful and he was discharged home on the 19th postoperative day.

Fig. 1.

Pedigree: Patient III-1 is the propositus.

The association between TGAs in the newborn and ADPKD in his mother may not be fortuitous, suggesting a ciliopathy. The incidence of TGA is estimated at 1 in 3500–5000 live births, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5–3.2:1. In 50% of cases VA discordance is an isolated finding, and in 10% of cases, TGA is associated with noncardiac malformations [1]. Several proteins encoded by these associated genes have been identified in primary cilia in renal tubular epithelia [3]. Abnormalities in cilia formation and function may play a role in the pathogenesis of ADPKD, the most common inherited renal disorder [4]. Mutations in the polycystin 2 gene cause, in addition to kidney and liver cysts, left-right laterality disorders in both mouse embryos and zebrafish (Pkd2-null) [1] and humans (PKD2 deletion/duplication) (dextrocardia and situs inversus totalis) [5]. In humans, the cystic kidney diseases in which an association with left–right axis anomalies have been recognized are types 2, 3 and 6 nephronophthisis, which are due to mutations in the INVS (inversin), NPHP3 (nephronophthisis 3) and CEP290 (centrosomal protein 290 kDa) genes, respectively [5].

We suggest screening of patients with a TGA to confirm the existence and assess the prevalence of this association.

Conflict of interest statement. None declared.


A new phantom excludability algorithm based on speciality of sensor and target was proposed in this paper in order to exclude the false intersection points on direction finding process for emitting lines in passive cross location. Firstly, deduce the correlation stretch angle, candidate observation set and effective observation set with maximum detection range of each sensor, relative location of sensors and the target's specialities, then a credible range about angle correlation is presented. Secondly, find the location point set based on the base-line least distance algorithm. Simulation results validated the new disposal method of these two steps, not only the frequency of the correlation was decreased sharply, but also the probability of correct correlation and the real-time performance of the system were improved greatly.


A theory for thermal conduction in polyatomic gases has been developed. The approach is similar to that of Hirschfelder in 1957 for chemically reacting gases, but it also takes into consideration the delayed exchange of energy between translational and internal degrees of freedom. The result obtained is identical with the one given by Saxena et al. in 1964, except for a numerical factor 2/3 which now appears in the term representing correction to the contribution of internal modes.


The invention relates to a device, in particular a bending apparatus, comprising: DOLLAR A is at least one movable apparatus part; an operating device for operating the device, via the operating device at least a first signal to operate the device and a second signal for stopping the device is triggered; a protective device for monitoring of a protected zone of the apparatus; and means for selectively adjusting the protected zone before the actuation of the apparatus, wherein the means for adaptation of the protected area by means of a third signal of the operating device is acted upon. DOLLAR A alternative may comprise a voice input device, the means for selectively adjusting the scope.


The paper introduces in detail the development progress and current situation of production process and equipment of ingots used for building aluminum profiles in China as well as their gap against the foreign advanced level,and expounds the development prospect of them.


This thesis examines a proposed narrative between text and practice, in the work of the modern Indian thinker Aurobindo Ghose and Auroville; an experimental township created under his influence. Aurobindo's spiritual philosophy poses non-distinction between transcendent, infinite Spirit and the immanent, finite Matter of terrestrial existence, claiming that the realisation of the one need not entail the dismissal of the other. With a deep focus on Aurobindo's philosophical magnum opus, The Life Divine, and a wide-ranging consideration of his vast disciplinary oeuvre, this thesis argues for a commonality of "method" in text, which might find translation and application outside the strictly textual. This "universal realism" is not only elucidated in the variant foci of his broad textual oeuvre: comprising politics, psychology and poetics, but is also foreshadowed by the key experiences and spiritual realisations in his own life. My thesis attempts to understand the mileage of these ideals and resultant methodology, to argue for their usefulness both for an integral understanding of Aurobindo's diverse corpus, and for an integral re-imagining of individual and communal development. The thesis highlights the way in which the ideas of Aurobindo and his Parisian spiritual companion, Mirra Alfassa (or the "Mother"), find dialogue with modern, global ideas within Auroville. I argue that we might see their ideas at play; within the creation of new forms of institutional and architectural development; reconceived notions of global spirituality, as well as within the discourse that makes these intentions explicit. This dialogue utilises and redefines the problematic dichotomies highlighted in Aurobindo's work: (nature/divine, individual/society, tradition/innovation, mind/body), to examine "futorologisms": linguistic and cultural forms posed by the community such as "divine anarchy" and "embodied spirituality", that inspire conceptual frameworks beyond a dualistic paradigm. I consider the mileage of these literary and social texts as contemporary Utopian projects that might be reconceived in light of a wider zeitgeist, beyond themselves and potentially beyond the discipline of Religious Studies.


AIM: To study the inhibitory effects of dihydroartemisinin on the growth of transplantation human prostate cancer PC-3 cells in nude mice and on the expression level of Caspase-3 and to explore the underlying action mechanism.METHODS: Prostate cancer PC-3 cells were transplanted into 20 nude mice to establish the solid tumor mode.These nude mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 5 mice in each group: Control group,solvent group,low dose dihydroartemisinin group and large dose dihydroartemisinin group.The tumor growth inhibition rates were calculated on day 13 after drug administration.Pathomorphism changes of PC-3 cells were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope after administration.The cells were stained with Hoechst 33258 and examined under fluorescence microscope to determine cell apoptosis.The positive products of Caspase-3 were tested by immunohistochemical method.RESULTS: The tumor weight of dihydroartemisinin groups were obviously smaller than that of both control group and solvent group(P0.05).The tumor growth inhibition rates in large dose dihydroartemisinin group and low dose dihydroartemisinin group were 69.221% and 63.186%.Light microscope and transmission electron microscope examination revealed that the scattered apoptotic cells and bodies were observed in tumor tissues in dihydroartemisinin groups.Fluorescence microscope examination revealed that the apoptotic cells stained by Hoechst 33258 significantly increased in tumor tissues in dihydroartemisinin groups.The number density of apoptotic cell significantly augmented(P0.05).Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the positive products of Caspase-3 significantly increased in dihydroartemisinin groups(P0.05).CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that dihydroartemisinin has strong inhibitory effects on human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 cells in vivo.The action mechanism might be related with the upregulation of Caspase-3.


The widespread use of credit scores as a selection tool has raised flags with lawmakers and the general public, but little is known about what impact such practices might have on protected classes. To explore this issue, the reported research investigated the relationship between five demographic variables and individual consumer credit scores. Using demographic data from 142 employees and objective credit data obtained from the Fair Isaac Corporation, the reported research found minority status was negatively related to credit scores (including large effect sizes), whereas age and education level were positively related to credit scores. Implications for organizations currently using or planning to use credit scores as part of their selection practices are discussed.


ABSTRACT The Sunniland and Forty Mile Bend fields were the first two oil-producing fields of south Florida. The Sunniland field was discovered in 1943, while the Forty Mile Bend field was discovered ten years later. These two fields are oil productive from the Cretaceous Sunniland Formation and are biostratigraphically and lithologically similar in the pay zones. A similar lithology is also found in the pay zone of the Bear Island field discovered in 1972. The relatively great timespan between field discoveries is indicative of the slow pace of exploration in this basin at that time. In the early 1970s increased drilling (from 2 to more than 15 wells per year) resulted in the discovery of eight more fields. Since exploration started 73 years ago, only a little over 200 wells, both wildcat and development, have been drilled in this basin. Although exploration methods initially relied on gravity and magnetics, subsequent geophysical methods have proved disappointing. Effective exploration in this area applies petrology, sedimentology, and electric-log response. Because the biostratigraphy of the Sunniland Formation pay zone is not the same in all the fields, this study investigated three fields having similar biostratigraphic pay zones. Facts that can be used in future exploration were documented from the study of many cores and thin sections from these fields.


preliminary analysis of tree ring series on rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum) discs indicated that inferences of past disturbance history based on ages derived ffom increment cores must be made with caution. On the discs examined, extreme wedging and lobate growth led to age underestimates of up to c.25% along different radii. In addition to age underestimation, there was a general trend of overestimation of diameter increment. This has implications for forest management because mean annual diam- eter increment is used to calculate volume increment, a key com- ponent in the determination of rotation length. If diameter increment is overestimated (and therefore volume increment as well), rotation length may be underestimated.


The dominating pharmacological effects exerted by substance P can be referred to three organic systems, namely, the circulatory organs, the smooth muscle, particularly that of the gastro-intestinal tract, and the central nervous system. Its effect on the first two was already demonstrated in the initial publication on substance P by Euler and Gaddum in 1931, whereas the last-mentioned has attracted the greatest interest in recent years. The effects of substance P on the central and peripheral nervous system is discussed in this volume by Dr. Stern. Therefore, only the hemodynamic


We have carried out ab initio molecular orbital calculations on a cluster of atoms modeling the medium-range structure in SiO2 glass to investigate its low-frequency vibrational properties. The model cluster is composed of several types of n-membered silica rings (n=3, 4, 5, and 6), and its geometry was completely optimized at the Hartree–Fock/3-21G(*) level. We have shown that the optimized structural parameters (the average Si–O, O–O, and Si–Si bond distances Si–O–Si and O–Si–O bond angles) are in good agreement with the observed ones. The three- and four-membered rings resulted in regular geometries, namely, a nearly planar and a puckered configuration, respectively, whereas the optimized geometries of the five- and six-membered rings were rather distorted. The frequency calculations on the cluster have demonstrated that relative rotations of the SiO4 tetrahedra occur in the low-frequency (⩽150 cm−1) vibrational region. The calculated vibrational density of states exhibits a maximum at ∼45 cm−1 that ma...


Face recognition has made significant advances over the last twenty years. State-of-the-art algorithms push the performance envelope to near perfect recognition rates on many face databases. Recently, the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (GBU) face challenge problem has been introduced to focus on hard aspects of face recognition from still frontal images. In this paper, we introduce the CohortLDA baseline algorithm, which is an Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) algorithm with color spaces and cohort normalization. CohortLDA greatly outperforms some well known face recognition algorithms on the GBU challenge problem. The GBU protocol includes rules for creating training sets. We investigate the effect on performance of violating the rules for creating training sets. This analysis shows that violating the GBU protocol can substantially over estimate performance on the GBU challenge problem.


Alkali metal alkoxides are prepared by reacting alkali metal amalgam with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst containing iron with a carbon content of at least 0.3 wt .-%.


Abstract For this study of effect of SBR styrene content on blends of SBR and BR, polymer solubility was investigated by phase contrast microscopy, dielectric loss, and dynamic characteristics. Physical properties of blended rubber were also measured.


The hospital emergency department physician must often treat patients who have had a cerebral vascular accident. He must be prepared to differentiate stroke from meningitis, cerebral neoplasm and trauma, to start emergency treatment if necessary, and to make a clinical diagnosis as soon as possible, since in many stroke syndromes treatment must be started early. Lumbar puncture and cerebral angiography are the most useful diagnostic aids.


The Stereo Camera System (SCS – figure 1) was designed to provide the Beagle 2 lander with wide-angle (48°) multi-spectral stereo imaging with an angular resolution of 0.75 milliradians [1]. Based on the SpaceX Modular Micro-Imager, the SCS is composed of twin cameras and filter wheel units (each with 12 filters and a 1 Mega pixel frame transfer CCD digitized to 10 bits/pixel) mounted 209 mm apart. The total system mass is 360 g, the required volume envelope is 747 cm and the average power consumption is 1.8 W [2]. A 10Mbit/s RS422 bus connects each camera to the lander electronics. The "close-up-lens" (60 μm pixel scale at 80 mm working distance) and (360° panoramic) "wide-angle-mirror" provide novel extensions to the SCS imaging capabilities (figure 2).


Measured solute flux breakthrough curves ~FBCs! from column tests performed on a semipermeable clay membrane subjected to KCl solutions are compared with predicted FBCs using independently measured flow and transport properties. The predicted FBCs are based on three scenarios: ~1! Advective-dispersive transport that neglects membrane behavior; ~2! advective-dispersive transport that accounts for the concentration dependency of the effective salt-diffusion coefficient (D s) resulting from membrane behavior, referred to as partially coupled transport; and ~3! fully coupled transport that includes both the explicit coupling terms ~e.g., hyperfiltration, chemico- osmosis! associated with clay membrane behavior and the concentration dependency of Ds . The FBCs predicted by fully coupled transport agree best with the measured FBCs. However, for the diffusion-controlled conditions of the column tests, the steady-state solute fluxes predicted by partially coupled transport are only 23- 69% higher than the measured steady-state fluxes. The results imply that the advective-dispersive transport theory can be used to provide reasonably accurate, albeit somewhat conservative, estimates of steady-state solute flux through clays that behave as semipermeable membranes, provided diffusion is a significant, if not dominant, solute transport process and the concentration dependency of D s are taken into account.


The experience of entertainment is arguably as old as human history. From stories told around campfires, to gladiator fights, to musical interludes, to radio dramas, and most recently to YouTube videos, entertainment is a central part of the human experience. Despite its integral role in our lives, entertainment is often associated with less-than-flattering connotations. Indeed, the mere mention of media entertainment may prime thoughts of mind-numbing diversion, banal laughter, sentimental melodrama, or simply empty procrastination. Perhaps the frequent characterization of entertainment in hedonistic terms is a reflection of the word itself—with the root verb to entertain referring to the notion of providing pleasure, amusement, or diversion. Yet at the same time, to entertain has an additional meaning—referring to the act of contemplating, considering, or musing. Despite these dual meanings, though, entertainment is typically associated with the first, more pleasurable, albeit trivial, connotation. Given the association of entertainment with hedonically charged motivations, content, or outcomes, it is understandable that entertainment consumption is frequently referred to as a guilty pleasure—an activity that, although enjoyable, is not particularly enriching. Just as popular characteristics of entertainment have focused on its pleasurable aspects, so too have foundational theories in media psychology (Bryant & Vorderer, 2006; Zillmann, 1985; Zillmann & Vorderer, 2000). Such a focus is understandable, as the landscape of media entertainment is arguably most heavily populated by pleasurable diversions including sitcoms, action thrillers, and reality programs. As a result, the theoretical understanding of entertainment experiences has been enriched by investigations of our use of these diversions for hedonic purposes (Zillmann,


The problem of monoaxial attitude control of a rigid body subjected to nonstationary perturbations is investigated. The control torque consists of a dissipative component and a restoring one. The cases of linear and nonlinear restoring and perturbing torques are analyzed. Two theorems on asymptotic stability of the programmed orientation are proved. The results of a numerical simulation are presented to confirm the conclusions obtained analytically.


The central challenge proposed by Cassidy's target article is "to support the field to movebeyond the influence of humanistic psychology" (p. 442). This is the purpose I have chosento develop my commentary. In particular, I would like to suggest that – if Humanistic Psychology really is a dog thathas lost its bark - at least one way beyond Humanistic Psychology is to consider whatPositive Psychology might offer to coaches and coaching. My proposition, presented moreas a heuristic device than as a personal manifesto, is that Positive Psychology mayincorporate elements that will help to 'move beyond' the predominantly subjective andqualitatively-oriented research base that Humanistic Psychology has relied upon.


Engage is a student-led organization at the University of Washington that trains science and engineering graduate students to communicate their research to the public. Training offered by Engage couples classroom-based learning with a final presentation in a public forum. The Engage approach serves as a model by which students at other universities can gain similar opportunities.


The exponentially correlated Hylleraas–configuration interaction method (E-Hy-CI) is a generalization of the Hylleraas–configuration interaction method (Hy-CI) in which the single rij of an Hy-CI wave function is generalized to a form of the generic type rijνije−ωijrij. This work continues the exploration, begun in the first two papers in this series (on the helium atom and on ground and excited S states of Li II), of whether wave functions containing both linear and exponential rij factors converge more rapidly than either one alone. In the present study, we examined not only 1s2 1S states but 1s2p 1P states for the He I, Li II, Be III, C V and O VII members of the He isoelectronic sequence as well. All 1P energies except He I are better than previous results. The wave functions obtained were used to calculate oscillator strengths, including upper and lower bounds, for the He-sequence lowest (resonance) 1S→1P transition. Interpolation techniques were used to make a graphical study of the oscillator strength behavior along the isoelectronic sequence. Comparisons were made with previous experimental and theoretical results. The results of this study are oscillator strengths for the 1s2 1S→ 1s2p1P He isoelectronic sequence with rigorous non-relativistic quantum mechanical upper and lower bounds of (0.001–0.003)% and probable precision ≤ 0.0000003, and were obtained by extending the previously developed E-Hy-CI formalism to include the calculation of transition moments (oscillator strengths).


The Pan-STARRS telescopes are a distributed aperture approach to rapid, multi-color wide-field surveys. The first of these telescopes, a prototype designated PS1, has been in operation now for over three years and has already obtained complete sky coverage of the full 3-π steradians visible from Haleakala in 5 broad passband filters at multiple epochs. On average the PS1 survey has obtained approximately 12 epochs though each filter. The second telescope, designated PS2, has been in its commissioning phase since August 2013 and will begin science operations in the second half of 2014. Several design and fabrication changes in both the telescope and the camera have been implemented in PS2. This talk will describe the science results that have been coming out of the PS1 survey, the design changes implemented on PS2, and the current performance of the PS2 telescope and camera. We will also describe the future missions for the PS1 and PS2 telescopes as of the current year.


In this study, the modified expanded graphite powders with silane coupling agent were adopted as filler to fabricate PA6/graphite composites by in-situ polymerization. Various amounts of filler were applied and the optimal parameters at synthesis were obtained through Energy Dispersive Spectrometer(EDS). The graphite content of 1wt.%、2wt.%、3wt.%、4wt.% of PA 6 matrix were set. Absorptions at 3300 cm−1 due to the N-H group, at 2900 cm−1 due to the C-H, at 1640 cm−1 due to the C=O, and at 1545 cm−1, due to the C-N were observed in the infrared (IR) spectrum, and the data showed neither new group was made nor phenomenon of displacement was happened. The crystalline behaviors were determined by XRD, the signal of graphite has appearance of displacement. It was found that the bulk density and the porosity increased with increasing graphite powders. The variation in glass transition temperature(Tg)、melting temperature(Tm) and crystalline temperature(Tc).The experimental results showed that the mechanical properties declined with the increase of inorganic powder concentration. Finally, the electric conductivity rose with the increase of graphite powder concentration.


Traditionally, Grain and Feed Trade Association (GAFTA) contracts have dealt with force majeure and prohibition by means of separate and distinct clauses. GAFTA recently significantly altered this long-standing approach and its standard form contracts entered into as from 1 June 2014 instead utilise a single consolidated clause, unifying the prior provisions on force majeure and prohibition.


favoured informants on the 8th Employment Company are Felix Werder, the composer and music critic, and Helmut Newton, the photographer. Werder was famously cranky, a contrarian to the last, while Newton was fond of rollicking, often salacious, stories. To what extent he allowed the facts to shape his memoir is open to question. Some scholars think the answer is not at all. Perhaps readers should have had the opportunity to read Werder's and Newton's views with this background in mind. Soldiers and Aliens is a rich and engrossing examination of a little-known chapter in Australian history, and at its heart is an affirming premise. The book is about the capacity of every society to opt for inclusion, to choose generosity and kindness over prejudice. This is a history for our times.


Summary Eksjo church, which dates back to the Middle Ages, has been enlarged during several different periods, among them about 1630, when a large wooden aisle was added. In 1666 the width of the nave was doubled, and twenty years later Queen Hedvig Eleanora had the ceiling decorated with Biblical paintings. Jorgen Kunckel was the artist, and he also executed several other paintings in the church. In 1784 a new stone tower was erected. In the middle of the 19th century all the wooden parts of the church were covered with paintings, and the whole curch was richly ornamented. In 1863 it was decided that the church must be enlarged again. The reason was that there were not enough pews for the growing population. However, it took a long time for the plans to be carried out, and it was not until 1885 that the final decision to pull down the old church and build a new one was finally taken. The delay was due to the difficulty of financing the new building. After many committee meetings and different proposals f...


This article concerns with a steady two-dimensional flow of an electrically conducting incompressible fluid over a vertical stretching sheet. A scaling group of transformations is applied to the governing equations. The system remains invariant due to some relations among the parameters of the transformations. Impact of thermophoresis particle deposition in the presence of temperature-dependent fluid viscosity plays an important role on the concentration boundary layer. The results thus obtained are presented graphically and discussed.


Automatic debugging of sequential circuits has been considered a practically intractable task due to the excessive memory and run-time requirements associated with tackling industrial-size problems. This paper proposes a novel Quantified Boolean Formula (QBF) based approach for fault diagnosis in sequential circuits. A performance-driven succinct QBF encoding of the problem, coupled with the tremendous present-day advances in QBF solvers make this strategy a successful one. Extensive experiments on industrial circuits confirm the memory advantage and demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed framework.


Effective classical representations of heterogeneous systems fail to have an effect on the overall response of components on the spatial scale of heterogeneity. This effect may be critical if the effective continuum subjects' scale differs from the material's microstructure scale and then leads to size-dependent effects and other deviations from conventional theories. This paper is concerned with the thermoelastic behavior of rotating nanoscale beams subjected to thermal loading under mechanical thermal loads based on the non-local strain gradient theory (NSGT). Also, a new mathematical model and governing equations were constructed within the framework of the extended thermoelastic theory with phase delay (DPL) and the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. In contrast to many problems, it was taken into account that the thermal conductivity and specific heat of the material are variable and linearly dependent on temperature change. A specific operator has been entered to convert the nonlinear heat equation into a linear one. Using the Laplace transform method, the considered problem is solved and the expressions of the studied field variables are obtained. The numerical findings demonstrate that a variety of variables, such as temperature change, Coriolis force due to rotation, angular velocity, material properties, and nonlocal length scale parameters, have a significant influence on the mechanical and thermal waves.


The variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus (Linn) (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) is eaten mostly in the South western region of Nigeria. Thiaminase is a toxic enzyme present in some foods. The activity of thiaminase in the gut of Zonocerus variegatus is described. The enzyme was isolated using DEAE- Cellulose  ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration on Biogel P-100. The enzyme had a specific activity of 7.9 unit per milligram of protein. The enzyme exhibited a maximal activity at pH 8.0 and K m of 5 and 25 µM for thiamine and aniline respectively. The substrate specificity showed that the thiaminase from Z. variegatus was specific for thiamine and aniline as substrates. The optimum temperature of Z. variegatus thiaminase was 50 o C. The native molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by gel filtration was 102,000. The amino acids markedly enhanced the activity of the enzyme. The enzyme was activated by Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ and Hg 2+ but inhibited by Na + , NH 4 + , Co 2+ and Zn 2+ . 2-mercaptoethanol and 6-amino hexanoic acid completely inhibited the thiaminase. Z. variegatus should be prepared using extensive and prolong cooking to avoid suffering from thiamine deficiency.


Abstract The rheological characterisation of mortars having low water content is difficult to perform due to internal friction between surface grains and also due to intense agglomeration of particles. In this paper, mortars and cement paste with additions of nanosilica (nS), silica fume (SF) and nS+SF were studied applying a factorial design methodology. Mortars with water/total solids ratios below 16% were characterised in the fresh state by rheological and flow table tests. Thus, all mixtures show suitable workability in both equipments. Compressive strength, setting time, air content, fresh apparent density, hydration temperature and X-ray diffraction were carried out. The optimum amount of nS and SF for each W/B ratio between 0·35 and 0·47 was determined by compressive strength at 28 days. For W/B<0·43, SF shows the best results, while for W/B>0·43, nS reaches better performance. In general, nS addition affects the properties more significantly than SF.


Anatomical and physiological characteristics indicate the advantages of transverse laparotomy in comparison with the median access, but the spatial characteristics of these approaches were practically not subjected to comparative evaluation. Aim – to determine the parameters of transverse laparotomy during operations on the colon in an anatomical study. To compare the parameters of median and transverse laparotomy during operations on the colon in anatomical study and according to spiral computed tomography. To evaluate the immediate results of the use of transverse laparotomy in operations on the colon. Materials and methods. In the anatomical study, measurements were carried out on the corpses of the male field, normosthenic physique upper - transverse laparotomy was performed in 25 cases, median – in 14. At the same time, an X-RAY examination with the analysis of 51 SCT studies was carried out. The clinic performed 18 surgical interventions for the pathology of the colon using upper-transverse laparotomy. Results and conclusion. Upper-transverse laparotomy has acceptable spatial characteristics during operations on the upper floor of the abdominal cavity, both in absolute values of angular characteristics and in relative point terms. The differences in the measurement data of x-ray and anatomical studies are due to the peculiarities of the techniques, as well as pre-accepted unchangeable access conditions (width). Clinical use of upper-transverse access in colon surgery was not accompanied by specific complications, as well as insurmountable technical difficulties associated with access, which can be regarded as an argument for its wider use in practical surgical activities.


Using the method of unitary transformation in combination with chiral effective field theory we derive the two-pion exchange contributions to the two-nucleon electromagnetic current. A formal definition of the current operator in this scheme and the power counting is presented. We discuss the implications of additional unitary transformations that have to be present to ensure the renormalizability of the one-pion exchange current. Further, we give explicit and compact results for the current in coordinate-space.


Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) which pays attention to employee interest in career development is not known and understood by employees and management of the Limited Company of Rural Banking (PT BPR) Artha Tanah Mas. Employees whose careers will be developed are not enthusiastic because the development is not in accordance with their interests. The purpose of this community service is to increase knowledge and understanding of Social Cognitive Career Theory for employees and management of PT BPR Artha Tanah Mas. The method used was in the form of lectures, questions and answers, sharing, assignments, and games which were carried out on October 1, 2022 at the PT BPR Artha Tanah Mas Office in Semarang City, attended by all staff employees, supervisors and managers. The pre-test was given before the training, and the post-test was given after the training. The test results using the Wilcoxon test statistical technique showed that the knowledge and understanding of the participants after the training increased significantly compared to the knowledge and understanding of the participants before the training. Thus the purpose of community service in the form of training has been achieved.


IMAGO THEORY. Couples Heal Thyselves. Imago Relationship Theory. The Unconscious Mission to Heal. The Unconscious Impulse to Flee. IMAGO THERAPY. The Couple's Dialogue. Starting Imago Therapy. Fostering Healing. Epilogue: Becoming an Imago Relationship Therapist. Selected Bibliography. Index.


Courses: Research Methods, Public Speaking, Communication Theory, any other course that requires college students to engage in a formal research process. Can be conducted in traditional, online, or hybrid courses. Objectives: In this original single-class activity, students will be able to evaluate source credibility for resources that extend beyond peer-reviewed, published journal articles and books. Through the use of Internet searches and social media outlets, students will engage in an evaluation process that will promote more effective research habits.


The lecture present results of research on adolescent's
responsibility in different kinds of personal, professional and
social fife. Agency of perrsonal self-responsibility, personal
group-responsibility and parents responsibility were
distinguished in the data.


The purpose of this study was to assess the level of anxiety, depression, and stress of Rural Health Unit nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic in the selected municipalities in 6th Congressional District of Isabela. It sought to determine the demographic profile of the respondents, including their age, gender, religion, civil status, work setting, and number of years of work experience; the level of anxiety, depression, and stress among RHU nurses; and any significant difference on the level of anxiety, depression and stress when grouped according to their demographic profile. The cross-sectional descriptive design was used for the study. Total enumeration was used in the selection of respondents. The respondents were the 50 RHU nurses from RHU Echague, CHO Cauayan, and RHU San Isidro only who are employed from January 2022 to June 2022. The statistical tool used were the descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentage, and weighted mean were applied to describe the demographic profile and level of anxiety, depression, and stress. Spearman's correlation was used to determine the extent to which certain variables relate to the DAS (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress). Based on the findings of the study, it was revealed that the level of anxiety, and stress among RHU Nurses was mild, low level of depression, and it was found that there is no significant difference between the level of depression, anxiety, and stress in the respondents' demographic profiles


The isolation and structure elucidation of three phenylpropanoid glycosides (1−3) along with three known phenylpropanoid glycerides from Chinese folk medicine "Sân Leng" (Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.−Hamil.) are described. The structures of these phenylpropanoid glycosides and glycerides were elucidated by a combination of chemical and spectroscopical evidence including 2D-NMR studies.


Superior cervical ganglia isolated from immature cats accumulated 0.9 ng atoms of 45Ca per mg wet weight during 10-min incubations at 37°C; when expressed as an equivalent volume of medium the accumulation was four times the uptake of 3H-inulin. Orthodromic stimulation of the ganglia doubled 45Ca accumulation, whereas excitation with 50 mM KCl, 5 mM glutamate, or antidromic stimulation increased accumulation by one-half. Hexamethonium reduced the increment in 45Ca accumulation due to orthodromic stimulation only, but another ganglionic blocking agent, tetraethylammonium, did not reduce accumulation in any case. Both agents blocked ganglionic transmission monitored electrophysiologically. To resolve this discrepancy, and to approach the localization of 45Ca within the ganglia, the efflux of previously accumulated 45Ca was examined. The data could be fitted by an equation incorporating the sum of three exponentials, representing a rapidly exchanging compartment plus two more slowly exchanging ones. The latter two appeared to reflect the pre- and postganglionic elements in the ganglia: 45Ca content of the "preganglionic" compartment was increased by orthodromic but not by antidromic stimulation, and was not decreased by either blocking agent; conversely, 45Ca content of the "postganglionic" compartment was increased by both orthodromic and antidromic stimulation, and was decreased by both blocking agents after orthodromic stimulation. The lack of effect of tetraethylammonium on the whole ganglion resulted from an increase in "preganglionic" accumulation that offset the "postganglionic" decrease. After preganglionic denervation, the 45Ca content of the "preganglionic" compartment was reduced by two-thirds, while the 45Ca content of the "postganglionic" compartment was unchanged. Chemical stimulation increased 45Ca accumulation in both compartments. Diphenylhydantoin, 0.1 mM, decreased the increment in 45Ca accumulation due to electrical stimulation and to 50 mM KCl; this inhibition occurred in the "preganglionic" compartment (and perhaps also in the "postganglionic"), and was accompanied by an increased efflux of 45Ca.


The simulated PM-spectrum fractal sea surfaces and the 3-D near-field distributed model of horn antenna are built, the near-field formulas of KA method are deduced. The near-field scattering coefficient and the Doppler echo signal of rough sea surfaces are calculated, the agreement with measured data proved the correctness and validity of the near-field scattering model.


Ever since the results of [S. E. G. Öhman, "Coarticulation…," J. Ascoust. Soc. Am. 39, 151 (1966)] that a vowel could affect the preceding one, the phenomenon of anticipatory VCV coarticulation has been a subject of study. Most results establishing these effects have been obtained from curated laboratory speech [e.g., M. Grosvald, "Interspeaker variation…," J. Phonetics 37, 173 (2009)], showing anticipatory V-to-V coarticulation across one, two and three syllables in English utterances. Here, we attempted to replicate these findings "in the wild" using the Buckeye Corpus of conversational English. F1 and F2 of [ʌ] or [ə] tokens were obtained in all [ʌ/ə]C(C…)V contexts. Two-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnoff tests were carried out to compare the F1/F2 distributions of these tokens in different contexts. The formant distributions of [ʌ/ə] in specific vowel contexts were also compared with the total formant distributions of [ʌ/ə] in all contexts. The replication effort was a failure. Essentially no significant differences of the [ʌ/ə] formant distributions could be found among the data, no matter how extreme the difference of the following vowel (e.g., [i] vs [ɑ] contexts). This poses a problem for theories of speech perception which rely on such effects.


In order to explore the influence of people's acts on evacuation when a high-rise building is on fire,taking the burning building in Shanghai Jing'an District as the background,applying the trail version of disaster escape software—Pathfinder,the personnel behaviors were simulated.The personnel evacuation time and the crowded circumstance in the staircases in different behavior mode to escape from the fire were obtained,and the influence of family members' behavior on their escaping was explored.The simulations on SFPE mode and instruction model were applied by pathfonder to determine the behavior in which model was the safety evacuation.With the evacuation time standard allowed by the construction of the code for fire protection provisions,the number of the evacuation in the stipulated time was calculated,so as to determine the personnel quantity and time in danger.Performing simulations by Pathfinder,the safe evacuation behavior were determined.And a simplified high-rise building model was established,adopting the FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)simulation software of high-rise building fire fire simulation.The smoke spread speed,temperature,concentration of carbon monoxide(CO) and the change rule of visibility for high-rise building were obtained,and it provide certain theoretical basis for effective control of smoke,person evacuation,and fire fighting.


This chapter discusses a possible explanation for the idea of the so-called Land of Promise. It demonstrates that the traditionists of the Old Testament not only metaphorically and symbolically but also geographically used the conception of Eden in Gen. ii to describe the primary phase of the Land of Promise and also its final restoration. When Deuteronomy opens the Deuteronomistic work of history, it gives in i 7 the order to enter the land, and interestingly, although the people stand just east of the River Jordan, the land is described according to the pattern of the land of Promise. In the prophecies and still more in the intertestamental literature the future Jerusalem was identical with the garden of Eden. Temple and kingship were central conceptions, and Ezekiel's mentioning of the well of the temple has its origin in the mythology of Eden. Keywords: Deuteronomy; Eden; Jerusalem; land of promise; Old Testament