ti o an ero chmical theoy in tr t; heno, inconsisttas it may appear, I should have no hesitation, under otain circumn , to employ acds in the treatt of adyptic patiet, though troubled wth vi sqmptoms of acidity; or to us castr oil, or cod-liver oil, or oily emulsons or to allow a moderate quantity of some ft aliments where they might sm to be called for, although I might have reason to suspect fatty degenertion an some particular organ. Although in diabet I attach the primay importance to he digestive organs, and more epecilly to the stomach, liver, and pancres, and to some undetermined condition of the nervous system by which these orgas are influenced, I am very far from limiting the interest to these organs. The kridneys also claim attention; and great importance is doubtless to be attached to the peculiar cachectic condition superinduced, very probably through the kidneys, by the Uise1. I am induced to differ from Dr. West, and others who may regard the kidneys as only pausively concerned in the -disease, by the following reasons:-In three or four instnces I have met with diabetic patients, in which the disease occurred in families in which Dr. Bright's dise of the kidneys also occurred; and, in two of these examples, 'the family predisposition to this latter affection of the kidneys was very strongly marked. , the disturbance of the function of the kidneys does not seem to be limited to ,the mere passing off of the sugar brought to the kidneys by the blood; since, though urea is found in diabetic urine, it appears to be far below the healthy proportion. There is another symptom which, though not immediately connected with the kidneys, will strengthen the presumption that they are materially concerned. The great diminution or total abolition of the sexual power, so itimately associated with this disease, and so characteristic of it, that a patient has told me that it was the first symptom which called his attention to his malady, cannot be ascribed to mere general debility; seeing that the symptom occurs when the patient, as respects the general powers of the system, is very much stronger than many advanced phthisical patients, and other extremely debilitated subjects, whose virility remains perfect. I conceive, therefore, that there must be some sort of reflex action upon the organs of generation, of which the starting poit is in the kidneys. The idea does not appear to be an overstrained one, seeing that the renal and spermatic plexuses are so intimately connected with the same portion of the spinal cord. Again, it seems. scarcely possible that the kidneys could be subjected with perfect impunity to the constant passage of their secretion, inordinate in its quantity, and vitiated and morbid in its properties. Finally, the resulting cachexia is presely such as is to be expected from the imperfect performance of the depuration of the blood by the kidneys, and should direct our attention to them, just asa livid countenance prompts us to look for derangement in the organs of respiration. I would in the next place invite attention to the state of the tisues of the body in general, which constitutes the cachectic condition to which I have afluded. It seems to result from the combined action of the diffusion of the sugared blood over the system, and the imperfect elimination of those exerementitious matters which the kidneys are destined to throw off. I have already compared it to the effect produced by the employment of diseased rye. It ought also to be compared and contrasted with the cachexia resulting from Bright's disea of the kidneys, to which it must be considered allied; and, to do the subject ample justice, it should be considered in conjunction with some other forms of cachexia which merit careful attention, and which require to be studied as the complement to the morbid anatomy of all the organs considered individually. To attempt to do this, even in the most curory manner, would carry me beyond the limits which ca be aowed to this paper.


This study had two main goals. The first was to determine the reliability of the Wimu® system (accelerometer) for mean velocity measurements during resistance exercises at 40% and 80% 1 repetition maximum (1RM). The second was to compare the results for the Wimu system to a linear encoder (gold standard) for mean velocity measurements when clipped to the bar during back squat exercises using the Smith machine. In all, 23 trained men (aged 22.3 ± 3.2 years) participated in this study. At maximum velocity in the concentric phase, they performed 10 repetitions with 40% 1RM and eight repetitions with 80% 1RM while using the Wimu system and T-Force linear encoder simultaneously to record data. Reliability was analysed using intraclass correlation, standard error of measurement and coefficient of variation. The validity was assessed using R2, intraclass correlation and Bland-Altman plots. The differences in test–retest reliability of both systems and systematic biases were non-significant (p = 0.08–0.85) and very close to 0. The random errors averaged ±0.010 m/s. All the calculated coefficient of variations were less than 5% and all measurements had high intraclass correlations (mean: 0.936). Least-square linear regression and intraclass correlations for validity were very close to 1. Significant systematic biases were observed between the linear encoder and the Wimu system (p < 0.001), although the effect sizes were small (0.21–0.44) and standard error of the estimate in concentric and eccentric phases at both intensities was less than 0.030. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that the Wimu system is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of mean velocity during the back squat exercise using the Smith machine. These findings could help coaches and sport researchers evaluate athletes performing resistance exercises similar to squats with a reliable, valid and portable tool.


In present paper the determination of the spot size of an ultra-short laser beam in uniform magnetized plasma with a dominant cold plasma has been studied. The liner dispersion relation of the laser beam propagating in Magnetized plasma have been found. Magnetic field is set up and source dependent expansion method is applied to determining the spot size of the intense laser beam with gaussian profile. The transverse magnetization of plasma and its impact on the self-focusing property of the dense laser governing to reduction in critical power necessary to self-focusing beam is shown.


Star shaped segmented macromolecules constitute an interesting class of polymeric materials whose properties differ remarkably from those appearing in their linear counterparts. This review highlights the work done in the last decade, dealing with the self-assembly of star-shaped block copolymers and terpolymers of various topologies in aqueous media. This article focuses on a specific class of star shaped macromolecules designated as stimuli responsive. These stars bearblock/arms undergo sharp phase transitions upon responding to stimuli, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength and so forth. These transitions impose dramatic transformations on the morphology and, accordingly, in the functionality of the nanostructured associates. The number of arms, the specific functionality and topology of the different arm/blocks and the overall macromolecular architecture of the star polymer, significantly influence their behavior in terms of self-assembly and responsiveness.


Objective To explore the relationship between the quantitative parameter in transrectal power Doppler ultrasonography(PDUS)and angiogenesis of prostate nodules in pathology.Methods PDUS and the analytic software of color flow were used,and peak vascularization indexs(PVIs)of 94 prostate nodules in 73 patients were recorded.The biopsy specimen was stained with CD34 antibody,and the microvessel density(MVD)was calculated.The correlation between PVI and MVD was statistically analyzed.Results PVI and MVD of the malignant nodules,in both transition zone(TZ)and peripheral zone(PZ),were significantly higher than those of the benign nodules,respectively(P 0.05).There was positive correlation between PVI and MVD of the malignant nodules(r TZ =0.76;r PZ =0.79),but no correlation between PVI and MVD was found in TZ of benign nodules(r =0.18),while there was correlation between PVI and MVD in PZ(r =0.44).In TZ,the sensitivity and speciality of differentiation malignant nodules from benign nodules were 78.57% and 80.77%,respectively,and in PZ they were 62.07% and 91.00%,respectively.Conclusion As a quantitative parameter in PDUS,PVI can indirectly reflect the angiogenesis of prostate cancerous nodules,providing a new method for differentiation malignant nodules from benign nodules.


The Palaeontographical Society was established in 1847, and is the oldest Society devoted to study of palaeontology worldwide. Its primary role is to promote the description and illustration of the British fossil flora and fauna, via publication of an authoritative monograph series. These monographs cover a wide range of taxonomic groups, from microfossils, trilobites and ammonites through to Coal Measure plants, mammals and reptiles, and from all ages from Cambrian to Pleistocene. They form a benchmark for understanding the past life of the British Isles and many include the original descriptions of numerous key species.The first monograph (on the Crag Mollusca) was published in March 1848 and the Society still continues this work today. Notable authors in the series include Charles Darwin (fossil barnacles) and Richard Owen (dinosaurs and other extinct reptiles). Beginning in 2014, the Cambridge Library Collection and the Society are collaborating to reissue the earlier publications, focusing on monographs completed between 1848 and 1918.


This paper supports the discussion of the concept of strengthening educational culture for managers of educational institutions. In this paper, a strategy to foster a culture of educational quality is also examined so that the quality of madrasah education becomes better, both in terms of inputs, processes and results. The quality strategy in education in schools begins with a number of steps, namely (1) determining quality criteria, (2) building quality commitments, (3) developing cultural quality, (4) developing the quality of educational services, and (5) improving the quality of school culture. These four components, if implemented optimally, will be an indicator of descriptors of educational services in quality-based madrasas. Quality strategies in education services in madrasas need to start with a number of steps, namely (1) Find Support, (2) Support Support, (3) build a quality culture , (4) building the quality of education services, and (5) improving the quality of madrasa culture.


Total 134 isolates of Magnaporthe grisea were collected and identified in Heilongjiang in 2006. Among them, six groups and 14 races were identified using Chinese identification rice varieties. The prevalence group was ZE and the second prevalence groups were ZG, ZF and ZA, but ZC group didn't shown. According to the distribution of prevalence race, the distribution regions of ZE1 and ZG1 were more vast than that of ZF1 and ZE3. The differentiations of physiologic races of Magnaporthe grisea were simple in Heilongjiang in the first and third temperate zones and were complex in the second temperate zone, ZG, ZE, ZF, ZA were prevalence groups of Heilongjiang Province, but ZB and ZD groups had the tendency of rising.


High‐grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (Bowen's disease) may predispose to anal carcinoma. Treatment options include surgical resection but effectiveness remains uncertain. This paper reports long‐term follow‐up of patients with high‐grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia treated by surgical resection.


For the reason of being able to deal with any nonlinear or non-Gaussian distributions, particle filters have been favored by many researchers and been widely applied in many fields. Based on the particle filter, the modified extended Kalman filter (EKF) proposed function, the suitable resampling algorithm, the rejection sampling and etc. are introduced in nonlinear target tracking. And the simulation results confirm that the improved particle filter outperforms the basic one.


Corn (Zea mays L.) is usually cultivated after winter cereals under no-tillage in southern Brazil. During the decomposition of plant residues, nitrogen (N) can be imobilized and limit plant growth. In order to evaluate the effect of timings and methods of N application on corn yields, five experiments were carried out during 1997 to 2002, under no-tillage. Black oat (Avena strigosa Schrieb) was used as a preceding cover crop, beeing desiccated at anthesis. Randomized blocks were used as experimental design, with four replications, and 8 to 12 treatments. N was applied to the soil by different methods (on the surface, broadcasted and incorporated) and timing (before seeding, at seeding, and at seeding + topdressing), at the rate of 100kg ha-1, as urea. At the first year (1997/98), a very high amount of rain fell during the months of September and October, before and shortly after corn emergence. In this season, higher grain yield was obtained by the treatments with topdressed N than by all other treatments, which were lower and similar among themselves. In the subsequent years, with less rainfall, no significant differences were observed among treatments, except in the 2000/2001 season, for the treatments in which N was broadcasted before seeding. Considering the average yield, no differences were observed among the timings of N application. On the average, incorporation of N, at any of the three timings of N application, indicated a tendency to generate about 5 % higher grain yields than soil surface application.


The present invention belongs to the electronic circuit technology, particularly relates to a control device for constant current LED driver. The control device according to the present invention, including a drive module, LED circuit, characterized by further comprising an inverter, the sampling control switch Q2, average current sampling circuit, a filter circuit, a first comparator, a second comparator and a flip-flop RS by turning off the peak timing control method by controlling the power switch Q1 to control the on time of the power switch Q1 by TOFF phase average current control method, greatly improves the stability of the constant current output. Advantageous effects of the present invention is such that the output current with high accuracy, and because the circuit is simple and easy to implement the advantages of low power consumption and to improve the overall performance of the power source, the constant current control to simplify the design, reduce design costs. The present invention is particularly applicable to the LED driving circuit.


A connected graph G = (V,E) is called a quasi-tree graph if there exists a vertex v0 ∈ V (G) such that G− v0 is a tree. In this paper, we determine all quasi-tree graphs of order n with the second largest signless Laplacian eigenvalue greater than or equal to n − 3. As an application, we determine all quasi-tree graphs of order n with the sum of the two largest signless Laplacian eigenvalues greater than to 2n− 5 4 .


Background: Aspergilllus fumigatus ( AF ) is frequently found in the airways of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and recent evidence suggests this may be clinically important. (Chest 2006;130:222, Ped Pulm 2007;42:785)

Aims: In this retrospective study, we hypothesised that children with CF who have AF seen on direct staining of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) will have a worse clinical state than both those who only culture AF (positive controls) and those with no isolation (negative controls). Primary outcome was FEV1; secondary outcomes included BMI, IgE, IV antibiotics, steroids and antifungals.

Results: In the year prior to bronchoscopy (FOB), the groups were similar in terms of weight centile, IV antibiotics received and FEV1. One year post FOB, the groups with AF in their BAL, on cytology or microscopy, had a lower FEV1 despite receiving more IV antibiotics and more antifungal therapy.

View this table:

Patient groups

View this table:

Lung function

The group without AF had a greater increase in FEV1.

![Figure][1]

Conclusion: The results add to the growing evidence that AF in the airways of children with CF is associated with a worse clinical state, whether identified on direct smear or culture.

 [1]: pending:yes


Due to the development of laser radar, depth camera and other technologies, point cloud data is used in more and more fields. However, compared with two-dimensional image data, the cost of manually labeling point cloud data is higher. This paper present a simple contrastive process to obtain the feature extraction encoder of point cloud data through self-supervised learning, which can provide better support for tasks such as classification and segmentation. We translate a mini batch of date into two crops, the corresponding point clouds data are treated as positive example, and the not corresponding data are treated as negative example. Using InfoNCE as target function to get the unique feature of each data. Comparing to other existing contrastive structure, it performs a higher accuracy in classification task based on ModelNet40. At the same time, we used rotation, randomly cutting and randomly dropout point to realize data augmentation based on ModelNet40 for improving the performance of feature extraction.


Spring wheat pot experiments were used to study the slow release effect and mechanism of palygorskite coated fertilizer. The results show that palygorskite coated phosphorus helps to make a slow release of fertilizer, to increase the weight per 1 000 grains, the economic coefficients, the economic yield, and the biomass of spring wheat, and to promote the transformation of biochemistry matter in spring wheat and the delayed aging. Therefore, palygorskite can be used as a new type of slow -release fertilizer coating materials in production.


The invention discloses a novel PVC/CPVC (polyvinyl chloride/chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) sole composite material. The composite material comprises components in parts by weight as follows: 30-60 parts of PVC, 10-15 parts of CPVC, 5-10 parts of nano CaCO3, 2-8 parts of nano SiO2, 1-2 parts of an anti-aging agent, 1-3 parts of an HALS (hindered amine light stabilizer) and 2-5 parts of HT-510. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the novel PVC/CPVC sole composite material. The novel PVC/CPVC sole composite material is high in strength, good in abrasion resistance and heat resistance, excellent in impact resistance, high in elasticity and good in flexibility, the preparation technology is simple, equipment is easy to maintain, reaction conditions are easy to control, and the cost is low.


The computer modeling system of industrial extruders with adjustable configuration has been developed allowing solving control tasks of multi-assortment polymeric film quality under change-over of production lines on new assignments and under product manufacture. The system includes module for extruder mark choice, module for extruder configuration design, module for calculation of geometrical parameters of extruder screw sections, module for structural and parametrical synthesis of mathematical model for extrusion, module for calculation of extruder throughput, energy consumption, polymeric material residence time and extrudate quality indices, module for result visualization as 3D models of screws and 3D graphs of output parameter dependences on control actions. It is adjusted to various types of polymeric films, requirements to throughput and energy consumption of extruders.


This paper discusses the issues regarding an abnormal V-shaped error confronting algebraic-based deconvolution process. Deconvolution was applied to an analysis of the effects of the Random Telegraph Noise (RTN) and Random Dopant Fluctuation (RDF) on the overall SRAM margin variations. This paper proposes a technique to suppress the problematic phenomena in the algebraic-based RDF/RTN deconvolution process. The proposed technique can reduce its relative errors by 10 10 to 10 16 fold, which is a sufficient reduction for avoiding the abnormal ringing errors in the RTN deconvolution process. The proposed algebraic-based analyses allowed the following: (1) detection of the truncating point of the TD-MV distributions by the screening test, and (2) predicting the MV-shift-amount by the assisted circuit schemes needed to avoid the out of specs after shipment.


This thesis looks forward to evaluate in a critical way the theory of recognition of Axel
Honneth by analyzing if it responds to the normative and descriptive core of the Critical
Theory of the Frankfurt School. To do so, it reviews the philosophical core and the historical
movements of the Critical Theory. On this basis, it reconstructs the way in which Honneth
formulates is theory, based in the concept of recognition, as a formula to overcome the
deficits he finds in the thought of his predecessors, analyzing, as well, the implications of his
thought when used tp discuss social justice in contemporary societies. Finally, the thesis
summarizes different critiques surrounding Honneth's thought, emphasizing on those related
to his reading of the market system, that emerge from the apparent dichotomy of
redistribution and recognition, searching in his works possible elements to articulate a
possible answer to those critiques.


The aim of the present investigation is to set forth the Jewish conception of Medo-Persian relations as it is embodied in the scriptures of the Old Testament, including the Apocrypha. This is not a superfluous task. There are certain fundamental ideas of this important period of Jewish history, firmly held without variation in all the 0. T. writings concerned, which no commentator or historian appears to have seen clearly.1 It is customary in dealing with these documents to operate with the ascertained chronology of the Persian period, undertaking to force it upon the Jewish writers. The result is seen in the confused and conflicting theories, none justified by the existing HebrewAramaic material, which appear in the textbooks of the present day. There is a faithfully preserved and consistent (but romancing) scheme of Persian history and chronology, presented by the Chronicler's stories of Ezra and Nehemiah, by the narratives in the book of Daniel, by the tale of the Three GFuardsmen in First Esdras, by the book of Esther and its Second Targum, by the book of Tobit, by certain passages in the Prophets, and by the rabbinical literature, all these being in substantial agreement. What has appeared to be confusion in the chronology of Ezra-Nehemiah is in reality a simple and straightforward progression throughout, when a single scribal error has been corrected. This narrative cannot be understood, however, without recognition of the theory of Medo-Persian aRairs which was current in Jerusalem from (at least) the third century B. a. onward, and which differed very widely from the true course of events. The attempt to read actual Persian history into the fanciful Jewish scheme results in the chaos which is to be seen in every modern commentary and critical essay. The Jewish scheme itself is in perfect order where critics have been unanimous


Density Functional Theory calculations have been performed to obtain lattice parameters, elastic
constants, and electronic properties of ideal pyrochlores with the composition A2B2O7 (where
A=La,Y and B=Ti,Sn,Hf, Zr). Some thermal properties are also inferred from the elastic properties.
A decrease of the sound velocity (and thus, of the Debye temperature) with the atomic mass of
the B ion is observed. Static and dynamical atomic charges are obtained to quantify the degree of
covalency/ionicity. A large anomalous contribution to the dynamical charge is observed for Hf, Zr,
and specially for Ti. It is attributed to the hybridization between occupied 2p states of oxygen and
unoccupied d states of the B cation. The analysis based on Mulliken population and deformation
charge integrated in the Voronoi polyhedra indicates that the ionicity of these pyrochlores increases
in the order Sn–Ti–Hf–Zr. The charge deformation contour plots support this assignment.


Every year, we move more than 1 zettabytes of data over the Internet globally, which consumes several terawatt hours of electricity, and costs billions of US dollars to the world economy. HTTP protocol is used in the majority of these datatransfers, accounting 70% of the global Internet traffic. We claim that HTTP transfers can become more energy efficientwithout any performance degradation, and the overall data movement cost can be reduced drastically. In this paper, we analyze several application-layer parameters that affect the throughput and power consumption in HTTP data transfers, such as the level of parallelism, concurrency, and pipelining. Our experimental results show that up to 80% of energy savings canbe achieved at the sending and receiving nodes during HTTP data transfers and the end-to-end throughput can be increased at the same time.


Heterotopic pregnancies are estimated to be less frequent than one in 30,000 if no assisted reproduction technologies are performed. Here we report a case which occurred in Tanzania. An abdominal pregnancy at term was first misdiagnosed as an ovarian tumour and diagnosed on the first post-partum day of the intrauterine fetus, which was delivered spontaneously. The abdominal pregnancy was then treated by laparotomy and removal of the placenta. The fetus was alive and healthy. The follow-up of the twins was normal.


Seabirds are often studied at breeding colonies due to the relative ease of observation and capture at those locations, but colony-based studies are limited to the breeding period. Studies in the non-breeding period are also important to our understanding of seabird ecology, but capturing birds at sea is challenging. Historically, lethal methods were used to sample non-breeding seabirds (e.g. Murphy 1936, Brown et al. 1981), but nonlethal methods have been developed to capture an increasing variety of species (e.g. Kaiser et al. 1991, Whitworth et al. 1997, Bugoni et al. 2008, Duffy & Jackson 1986). These methods have been used for deployment of electronic tracking devices and in sampling blood and feathers for stable isotopes, fatty acids, and DNA analyses (e.g. Duffy & Jackson 1986, Hull et al. 2001, Bradley et al. 2004, Perry et al. 2006).


Taking cats as animal model , the postganglionic inferior cardiac sympathetic nerve activity is analyzed with DFA(detrended fluctuation analysis) to explored its fractality. The results show the fractal characteristic lies not only in its forms but also in its intensity of discharge. Our work can help explain why HRV is fractal, and it is an importment fundamental work .


To carry out research use as a working tool to the interview which was conducted both parents and their teenage children, with the aim of knowing the problems and the effect caused by divorce each household member.


Most of the students in class XI of Dharma Wanita Senior High School Surabaya are still cyber bullying to peers. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between self-concept and the intensity of cyber bullying in class XI of Dharma Wanita Senior High School Surabaya. The study design used a cross sectional analytic, with the population of 110 respondents, and the sample was taken by stratified random sampling as 48 respondents. The independent variable was self-concept and the dependent variable was the intensity of cyber bullying. The instrument used was questionnaire and interview. It was analyzed by using Rank Spearman statistical test with the significance level α = 0.05. The result showed that the students' self-concept, the majority (56.3%) had a negative selfconcept, and almost entirely (92.6%) did cyber bullying in constantly intensity. Rank Spearman statistical test result was obtained that ρ = 0.00 <α = 0.05, which meant that H0 was rejected, it meant that there was a relationship between self-concept and the intensity of cyber bullying in the students. The conclusion of this study is the students of class XI mostly have a negative self-concept and almost entirely do cyber bullying in the constantly intensity. It is expected that the students are able to improve their own self-concept, so the intensity of cyber bullying can be reduced


Directive 2004/24/EC of the European Parliament and the Council entered into force on April 30th, 2004. After 7 years, there is no Chinese medicine to be registered successfully in European market as traditional herbal medicinal products. The thesis gives some ideas to tackle this problem. Procedure for the Preparation of Community Monographs for Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products (EMEA/HMPC/182320/2005) published by European Medicines Agency is an important guidance for traditional herbal products to enter European Community monographs. The thesis introduces and details the procedure as well as gives feasible suggestions about the procedure. It suggests that Chinese medicines enter European Community monographs first, and then apply the registration according to the directive 2004/24/EC. This is an easier access to European market.

Key words:
Chinese medicines;  European Community monographs;  Directive 2004/24/EC;  Traditional herbal medicinal products


A switchable single-polarization dual-wavelength single-longitudinal mode (SLM) erbium-doped fiber (EDF) ring laser is proposed and demonstrated. For the first time, the structured polarization-maintaining chirped fiber Bragg grating (PM-CFBG) filter, which has ultranarrow transmission band is created by tapering directly on the PM-CFBG. Then, the stable SLM operation of the fiber laser is guaranteed by the structured PM-CFBG filter and 20-cm unpumped EDF acting as a saturable absorber. Meanwhile, the stable dual-wavelength fiber laser with a wavelength spacing of ~0.41 nm and stable single polarization state is experimentally realized. The measured linewidth of the fiber laser for each wavelength is <;8 kHz with a 20-dB linewidth.


In this work, we have studied the variable stars in the young open cluster NGC 1893 based on a multi-year photometric survey covering a sky area around the cluster up to $31' \times 31'$ wide. More than 23\,000 images in the $V$ band taken from January 2008 to February 2017 with different telescopes, complemented with 90 images in the $B$ band in 2014 and 2017, were reduced, and light curves were derived in $V$ for 5653 stars. By analyzing these light curves, we detected 147 variable stars (85 of them being new discoveries), including 110 periodic variables, 15 eclipsing binaries and 22 non-periodic variables. Proper motions, radial velocities, color-magnitude and two-color diagrams were used to identify the cluster membership of these variable stars, resulting in 84 members. Periodic variable members were then classified into different variability types, mainly according to their magnitudes and to their periods of variability, as well as to their positions in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram for the early-type stars. As a result, among main-sequence periodic variable members, we identified five $\beta$ Cep candidates, seven slowly pulsating B-type candidates, and thirteen fast-rotating pulsating B-type (FaRPB) candidates (one of which is a confirmed classical Be star). While most of the FaRPB stars display properties similar to the ones discovered in NGC 3766 by Mowlavi et al. (2013), five of them have periods below 0.1~d, contrary to expectations. Additional observations, including spectroscopic, are called for to further characterize these stars. We also find a binary candidate harboring a $\delta$-Scuti candidate.


This paper proposes a method for seamlessly inserting virtual advertisements into a video sequence. The algorithm is based on projective geometric invariant for feature tracking that predicts the feature's location at the next frame under perspective projection. The cross-ratio of points that extracted in pervious frames will provide the geometric constraint to predict the feature position in the frame even the feature is lost in some frames. The candidate regions for an advertising image in the video sequence are automatically determined by its structure and robustness. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and easy to insert advertisements into the video sequence.


Ethambutol (commonly abbreviated EMB or simply E) is a medication primarily used to treat tuberculosis. It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis drugs, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. Isoniazid, also known as isonicotinylhydrazide (INH), is an antibiotic used as a first-line agent for the prevention and treatment of both latent and active tuberculosis. It is effective against mycobacteria, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences


BMT remains the treatment of choice for early BM relapse of childhood ALL. We reasoned that further intensification of cytoreductive therapy pre-BMT may further improve survival amongst those with the highest risk of treatment failure, early BM relapse (BFM groups S3/4) and high level MRD pre-BMT. A cohort of 32 patients transplanted at a single institution (1996–1999) provided an historical control. 8 high risk patients transplanted 1999–2000 received additional fludarabine cytoreduction therapy at the time of transplant (FLA group). MRD analysis and time to relapse were used in a subsequent cohort of 22 patients (BMT 2000–2002) to allocate those at highest risk of treatment failure to receive a further cytoreductive block, FLX, pre-BMT.

Method . All patients were conditioned with cyclophosphamide (60mg/m2 x2) and TBI (14.4 Gy). UD and haplo-BMT were T-cell depleted with Campth-1M in vitro and Campath-1G day -9 to -5 (Control and FLA group), and by Miltenyi CD34+ cell depletion (FLX group). GvHD prophylaxis - CSA + MTX for matched related, CSA for Campath treated grafts and none for Miltenyi grafts. The FLA group received fludarabine 25mg/m2 from d −12 to d −10. Patients with on treatment relapse (S4) or high level MRD pre-BMT (MRD++) in the FLX group received DaunoXome 100mg/m2, fludarabine 30mg/m2 x 5d and cytosine 2g/m2 x 5d 3 weeks prior to BMT.

Patients and donors. Control group: 28 precursor-B ALL 4 T-ALL; donors - 7 matched related, 13 matched unrelated (MUD) and 12 mismatched unrelated (MMUD); 14 S2, 18 S3/4. FLA group: 5 presursor-B ALL and 3 T-ALL; donors - 2 SIB, 4 MUD, 1 MMUD and 2 haplo; all S4. FLX group: 21 precursor-B and 1 T-ALL; donors - 6 SIB, 7 MUD, 5 MMUD and 4 haplo;13 S2, 9 S4. 7 patients received FLX intensified conditioning (6 S4, 5 high level MRD ++). 3 high risk patients violated protocol and did not receive FLX (1 age <1yr on treatment relapse, 2 S2 MRD ++).

Results. Considering those in the high-risk S3/4 group, there was no significant difference in OS between the 3 groups.

Survival by study and risk group

| Study | S2 | S3/4 | Overall |
|:-------:| ----------- | ---------- | ----------- |
| Control | 10/14 (71%) | 3/18 (17%) | 13/32 (41%) |
| FLA | | 2/8 (25%) | 2/8 (25%) |
| FLX | 11/13 (85%) | 3/9 (33%) | 14/22 (64%) |

No excess cardiac events were seen. The TRM is higher in the FLX group than in the control.

Outcome data

| Study | TRM | Relapse | Alive | Total |
|:-------:| --- | ------- | ----- | ----- |
| Control | 3 | 16 | 13 | 32 |
| S2 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 14 |
| S3/4 | 1 | 14 | 3 | 18 |
| FLA | 3 | 3 | 6 | 12 |
| S2 | - | - | - | - |
| S3/4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
| FLX | 6 | 2 | 14 | 22 |
| S2 | 2 | | 11 | 13 |
| S3/4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
| Total | 12 | 21 | 33 | 66 |

2 of 7 patients treated with FLX are in CCR, 2 relapsed and 3 died of TRM. The 3 high risk patients in the FLX study, but who did not receive FLX, are also in CCR. Survival in those in the S2 group (late BM relapse) has been good throughout the study period.

Conclusion. In this study the addition of intensive pre-BMT conditioning has not improved survival amongst high risk (S3/4 or MRD ++ pre-BMT) relapses. The number of post-BMT relapses has fallen but this is not clearly related to the use of FLX. The use of more haploidentical donors, more immunosupressive BMT regimes and additional cytoreductive chemotherapy may have contributed to the increased TRM seen. Time and site of relapse remain the clearest predictor of outcome. Further novel strategies are required to improve survival for the S4 risk group. The good OS for children receiving BMT in the S2 group should be noted.


Climate change has been understood from air temperature that constantly rising.  Therefore, to study the impact of climate change on crops growth and production should begin with study the impact of air temperature on crops, so that the technique of making crops adapt to the climate change could be developed.  Crops reaction on temperature change could be detected from the phenology and quantified with the Growing degree days (GDD). The objective of this research was to identify the impact of temperature change on strawberry phenology and production through cultivating on low land area and calculating the GDD at the end of the planting period.  The results showed that Strawberry on low land experienced some difficulties to grow in optimal rate; up to the 10 th week plant still did not reach the generative state uniformly and canopy coverage was below 20 percent.


According to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salmonella and Escherichia coli are the etiological agents further identified in foodborne illnesses. These bacteria are also involved in enteric disturbances in pigs and birds affecting meat production due to low animal yield. The genus Salmonella consists of several species and several different serovars; some of which are zoonotic and can infect humans and animals a problem of public health. Antibiotics are used in the animals' feed as prevention of bacterial infections and as growth promoters. However, the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics has been promoted to the emergence of resistance to several antibiotics in both clinical and environmental isolates. Therefore, it is a worldwide matter and a critical requirement to develop new therapeutic or defensive alternatives against infectious diseases. An alternative is the use of antivirulence compounds that are able to disarm the pathogen inhibiting its virulence factors and consequently interrupting the disease progression. The LED209 was characterized as an antivirulence molecule, being able to inhibit the QseC signaling cascade, a histidine kinase found in many pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella. QseC senses autoinducer 3 produced by bacteria, and the hormones epinephrine/norepinephrine produced by the host and is responsible for initiating a regulatory cascade of several virulence genes. Our objective is to evaluate technological strategies for the administration of this antivirulence compound in the fight against Salmonellosis in farm animals. However, LED209 has low aqueous solubility, thus was obtained a nanoemulsion contain LED209, followed by microencapsulation with pH-dependent polymers. This new vehicle containing the LED209* should release in the intestines of animals. A pilot assay was performed with some mice as follows: group one negative control alone PBS; group two were defiance with Salmonella by gavage; group three were pretreated with LED209* and were defiance with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. After the times of 24, 48 and 72 hours were collected the fresh feces to perform the survival assay. The result showed a large reduction in the number of colonies (CFU) only in the group pretreated with LED209* after 48 hours of the defiance with Salmonella. Until this moment, this result with LED209* in the novel vehicle, despite being a pilot assay showed a large reduction of Salmonella infection in mice.


Active flow control technologies are an up-to-date field of research, the goal of which is to prevent boundary layer separation. In the case of oscilatory flow control, forced oscillations are superimposed on a mean flow which is on the edge of separation. This is an effective means to delay boundary layer separation, such as suction technique. This article deals with the simplest case on the path to the simulation of oscilatory flow control to obtain first experience in the numerical simulation of this phenomena. The numerical solution of a synthetic jet flow is a challenge for the present day Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), because of the unsteady behaviour of this phenomenon, the frequencies of which are typically in the order of hundreds of Hz. From the CFD point of view, the main problem is the correct choice of a turbulence model in which the unsteadiness must be considered. Both the Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) are good choices, especially the first one, but calculations using those models are enormously time consuming. In the present work the Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) equations are used. The closure of the URANS is done using oneequational Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) [1] model and two equational k-ε model [2].


The Ca-looping process shows a considerable potential for reducing postcombustion CO2 emissions from power plants in the short-term as demonstrated by the recent success of a 1.7 MWt pilot plant. This process involves the carbonation reaction of CaO to capture CO2 and the subsequent calcination of limestone (CaCO3) to regenerate the sorbent. Yet the capture capacity of natural limestones decreases with the increasing number of calcination/carbonation cycles, which is mainly attributed to a decrease of the reactive surface area with the number of cycles as a result of material sintering during calcination. A number of techniques have been developed in the last few years to improve the durability of Ca-based sorbents and minimize their loss in adsorption capacity. The goal is to increase the active surface area and the stability of the pore structure of the sorbent, which would enhance their efficiency for CO2 capture. Material chemistry methods oriented to this objective are generally focused on the use of rigid porous materials as carriers of the Ca-based sorbents, use of additives to improve the sorbent thermal stability, reduction of the sorbent particle size down to the nanometer scale, and use of synthetic precursors to produce novel sorbents with a rich micropore structure. Besides enhancing the thermal stability in newly developed synthetic sorbents, an issue of concern is to promote their mechanical stability. Attrition of natural limestone particles is a main problem affecting the sorbent performance in the Ca-looping process. This paper is devoted to a critical review on the novel Ca-based sorbents developed in the last few years with improved thermal and mechanical stability.


Ab initio molecular orbital theory was used to investigate the structure of flavin in different oxidation and protonation states using lumiflavin as a model compound. According to our study, oxidized flavin is planar no matter what its protonation state or whether it participates in hydrogen bonding. The structures of flavin semiquinone radicals are planar or very close to planar, but the reduced flavin H3Flred (9) is bent with a ring puckering angle of 27.3° along the N5 and N10 axis. The calculations indicate that N1 is the site of protonation for oxidized flavin, which is in agreement with several crystallographic studies. The calculated spin density distribution for flavin semiquinone radicals is also consistent with experimental results. Electrostatic potential derived charges at the RHF/6-31G* level of theory are also provided for both oxidized and reduced flavins.


It is well established that transcription factors (TFs) identify their binding sites through direct contacts with unique chemical groups of the base pairs mainly in the major groove. A second type of mechanism, which has been relatively less studied, is the readout of the DNA shape, in which the protein recognizes the three-dimensional DNA structure (Rohs et al., 2010). Here, we focused on the homeodomain family of TFs and analyzed the DNA shape of thousands of sequences in order to study the correlation between the amino acid sequence of homeodomains and the nucleotide sequence and the shape of their DNA binding sites. We have found regions in the homeodomains that are significantly correlated with the sequence or with the shape of their preferred binding sites, demonstrating the role of different homeodomain regions in attaining binding specificity through different modes of recognition. Next, we predicted specific residues in homeodomains which likely play an important role in DNA recognition through DNA shape attributes. Furthermore, we show that adding DNA shape information to the characterization of TF binding sites can improve predictions of homeodomain binding specificity. Finally, our work indicates that DNA shape information can provide new mechanistic insights into TF binding.


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In the servo systems which adopt gear-rack transmission,it easily causes errors because π is the infinite not repeating decimal causing that pulse equivalent is not the integer.There are some deficiencies in two traditional methods for handling errors.In this paper,the detailed analysis and improvement are carried out and two new methods are discussed and put forward.Finally,conclusions were made and their own application fields of four methods were given.


Abstract Marine recreational fishing (MRF) in Portugal is a traditional leisure activity with considerable importance for coastal populations. In the absence of available information from the national data collection framework, this article aims to review the existing information on MRF across the country. MRF was an open access fishery until recently, but with rising evidence of overexploitation of coastal resources, a precautionary approach was imposed top-down, without consulting recreational fishers. In Portugal, the MRF participation rate is comparable to the European average (2%). The most important fishing mode (according to the official issued licenses) is shore angling. Mainland Portugal marine recreational catches (0.8% of total commercial landings) are likely underestimated, while the estimate for the Azores (6% of total commercial landings) is probably closer to the national reality. The Portuguese MRF sector faces several challenges, including: (1) the need for a definition of a national data collection framework; (2) the inclusion of MRF harvest estimates in stock assessments for key captured species; (3) management approaches which also take into account the ecosystem approach to fisheries and any potential effects of climate change; (4) additional research on post-release mortalities for the most important MRF species; and (5) a stronger involvement of all stakeholders in the decision-making process of MRF. The latter would be critical to improve the adequacy of regulations to the MRF reality, mitigate conflicts with other sectors (e.g., commercial fishing), and potentially increase fishers compliance.


Contrary to the predictions of the rational expectations hypothesis of the term structure, empirical evidence suggest that the term spread between long and short rates fails to forecast future long term rates although its forecasts of future short term rates are in the correct direction. This paper examinines which of two popular alternative hypotheses - the excess sensitivity of the long term rate to the contemporaneous short term rate and the rational expectations hypothesis allowing for a time varying term premium - can explain the failure of the pure version of the expectations theory. Using US data at the short and long end of the term structure, the results clearly reject the excess sensitivity hypothesis, and suggest that the anomalies of the term spread can be attributed to the different way that the term premium affect each of the term spread models. It is found that the term premium influencing the term spread model forecasting future long rates is much more volatile than the term premium of the term spread model forecasting future short term rates. In order to remove the term premium biases from the slope of the term spread a simple model of the term premium is employed.


Niemman Pick type C (NPC) is a treatable neurodegenerative lysosomal disorder characterized by the widespread age of onset and clinical presentation. The adult NPC phenotype frequently includes ataxia, supranuclear gaze palsy, and cognitive and behavioral problems. Movement disorders are also often observed in these patients. Among them, chorea has been rarely described as a dominant sign. On the other hand, a phenotype dominated by chorea and cognitive and behavioral manifestations is suggestive of Huntington's disease (HD). The rare cases showing this phenotype proved to be negative for the CAG expansion in HTT and are categorized as Huntington-like disorders (HDL). Although the list of HDL genetic etiologies has grown considerably during the past few years, the diagnostic yield for these conditions is still limited. Noteworthy, NPC is neither routinely considered in the differential diagnosis of chorea nor among the HDL disorders. We present 2 siblings presenting with a late onset and predominate choreic phenotype, where the final diagnosis was NPC.


Purpose – A critical step toward an efficient contact detection algorithm is to localize the contact search to the immediate neighborhood of each particle. In particular, cell‐based algorithms are simple and require O(N) computations but become inefficient when the particles are not roughly the same diameter. The purpose of this paper is to describe a hierarchical search method with the simplicity and efficiency of the neighbor search algorithm but which is insensitive to size gradation.Design/methodology/approach – In this method, particles are allocated to cells based on their location and size within a nested hierarchical cell space. Contact searches are limited to neighboring particles of equal size within their own hierarchy and occasionally with particles of larger size when no contacts are found within their own hierarchy.Findings – The method is shown to be effective for the most severe case of highly segregated particle distributions in which a large particle is surrounded by particles of much sm...


We demonstrate an ultra-compact photo-detector integrated VCSEL with laterally coupled two cavities. Output power and photo current show a similar tendency under wide temperature changes. The device could be used for monitoring the output power without a conventional photo detector mounted separately.


The present invention relates to a car insurance emergency dispatch system and method using a QR code. The car insurance emergency dispatch system using a QR code according to the present invention includes a QR code in which access information including a URL is recorded, a mobile terminal capable of recognizing the QR code, and the URL recorded in the QR code as a site address. An emergency dispatch management server for providing an emergency dispatch site; The mobile terminal reads the URL from the QR code and accesses the emergency dispatch site through the URL, and transmits emergency dispatch request information to the emergency dispatch management server through the emergency dispatch site; The emergency dispatch management server transmits dispatcher call information to a previously dispatched dispatcher based on the emergency dispatch request information transmitted from the mobile terminal, and when dispatch accepting information is received from the dispatcher, emergency dispatch to the mobile terminal. It is characterized by transmitting dispatch information. Accordingly, the emergency dispatch service provided by the car insurance company can be more easily provided through the recognition of the QR code using a mobile terminal such as a smart phone.


A "new, articulated curriculum ..." must replace the "cluttered sequence of courses which today is some times called 'English' "(Flynt 32). Despite the famil iar tone and sentiment of that statement, its author is not William J. Bennett. It appears, rather, in a PMLA article written over twenty-two years ago by another fed eral official, Ralph C. M. Flynt, then the associate com missioner for educational research and development, US Office of Education. As Thomas Wilcox observed


An autonomous landmark based spacecraft navigation scheme is presented. This new scheme involves the following data processing steps: image selection and planning; landmark (crater) detection; preliminary image matching; crater matching; data base management; and finally landmark based orbit determination. This i s the first truly autonoinoLis landmark based navigation system. Compared with the conventional method, which was used for NEAR mission operations, this system is faster ( > I O 0 times faster), more reliable and more accurate. The system has been successfully tested on the 200 kin NEAR orbit imagery. In this test, 100 m accuracy was obtained after an hour of processing, which required several weeks of processing using manual crater detection and matching.


Abstract Intercostal nodules were placed on chest films and a study made of the relationship between the frequency spectrum presented by an image and an observer's ability to detect it. Both the cumulative frequency spectrum curve and the correct detection rate approach 100% at about 2.2 cycles/cm. Below 100%, detection rate lags significantly.


This paper studied the public perspectives towards the waste-to-energy (WtE) policy in Thailand, in particular, that of the Biogas Production from Organic Waste (BPOW) which has begun in some areas. The framework of the studies was built on 4 main issues that directly relates to the project which are public perception, public understanding, public participation and public concern. Surveys were performed on 1,600 cases from 19 municipality scattered throughout the different regions of Thailand. The results indicated that public concern regarding the impacts from BPOW is at a very high level. Public understanding and public perception rated at high level while the opportunity for public participation in the BPOW was rated only at the medium zone. From the study, 2 alternative methodologies for mobilization of the policy in the future are, 1. Enhance the knowledge of BPOW in the areas of technology, investment and strengths and weaknesses of BPOW and 2. Scale up the practice in separating organic waste at source. Keyword: Biogas, Organic waste, Separation at sources, Waste to Energy


Voice communication is rapidly gaining importance in low power wireless sensor networks. In search and rescue operations, sensor nodes are deployed to relay information about the environment. This requires low power, low data rate and self-networking protocol, such as ZigBee stack. ZigBee is based on IEEE standard 802.15.4, and supports data rate from 20kbps to 250kbps. This data rate is sufficient to transmit moderate quality voice data. The objective of this paper is to simulate a distributed network model for voice communication using ZigBee using Network Simulator — 2. This paper explores the effectiveness of transmitting voice data over distributed Ad Hoc network. To evaluate the performance of the network, different network parameters such as, throughput, average delay and packet loss ratio are monitored for different voice data rates.


Electrical Balance Duplexers (EBDs) provide transmit-receive isolation to implement a form of self-interference cancellation to facilitate simultaneous transmission and reception from a single antenna in systems like In-Band Full-duplex (IBFD) transceivers. EBD works by coupling transmitter, receiver, antenna, and balancing impedance using a hybrid coupler. In recent pieces of literature, antenna impedance variations are considered the main factor limiting the EBD isolation bandwidth, while the EBD balancing impedance needs to be equal as much as possible to the antenna impedance to achieve high isolation. But hybrid couplers are also not ideal elements, and their S-parameters are not stable in the frequency domain. In this work, five broadband RF devices (two antennas, two couplers, and a 50-Ohm RF-load) are used to form four EBD set-ups. One of the antennas, designed by the authors, has more impedance stability in the frequency domain than the other one, which is a commercial antenna. Also, one of the couplers, designed by the authors, has more S-parameter stability in Ultra-Wideband (UWB) frequency domain than the other one, which is a commercial UWB coupler. The implemented EBDs show that when both antenna and coupler have strong S-parameter stabilities in the frequency domain, wider isolation bandwidth (UWB 1.5–3.5 GHz range) and higher EBD isolation are obtained.


In order to realize the uniform distribution of DC power among interlinking converters and improve the DC voltage quality,a hierarchical control strategy for the interlinking converters was introduced. The first layer of the control strategy is that the voltage-power droop control method is used,which can realize the uniform load distribution.Because the droop control may lead to fall of the DC bus voltage,the DC voltage reference value is compensated according to the second layer control method,which can recover the stability of the bus voltage and ensure the quality of the DC voltage. This control strategy was analyzed by the root locus method. The microgrid model was built based on the simulation software DIg SILENT,and simulation results verify the validity of the strategy.


The convergence of mobile technology with an evolving healthcare delivery system has ushered a wave of disruptive innovations that has bought a paradigm shift in healthcare delivery services; known as Health 3.0. If Health 1.0 was about content (portals, sites like WebMD), and Health 2.0 was focused around communities that capitalize on the knowledge gained by specific patients and their physicians (a diabetes message board), then Health 3.0 is about coherence of health information and active participation from users itself. Digital natives (DNs) are users born after 1980, grown up with digital devices and who are developing N-fluence networks (Topscott, 2008) via the Internet, especially through social media. This study proposed a conceptual model that deals with the diffusion of mobile health apps (mHealth apps) among digital natives (consumer reviews) and the role played by neighborhood effects, social network effects, and opinion leadership in such diffusion.


We describe a prototype trace gas sensor designed for real-time detection of multiple chemicals. The sensor uses an external cavity quantum cascade laser (ECQCL) swept over its tuning range of 940-1075 cm-1 (9.30-10.7 μm) at a 10 Hz repetition rate. The sensor was designed for operation in multiple modes, including gas sensing within a multi-pass Heriott cell and intracavity absorption sensing using the ECQCL compliance voltage. In addition, the ECQCL compliance voltage was used to reduce effects of long-term drifts in the ECQCL output power. The sensor was characterized for noise, drift, and detection of chemicals including ammonia, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, Freon- 134a, Freon-152a, and diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP). We also present use of the sensor for mobile detection of ammonia downwind of cattle facilities, in which concentrations were recorded at 1-s intervals.


1. A rubber composition based on at least: - a diene elastomer; - reinforcing filler - crosslinking system, - from greater than 1 to less than 20 phr of epoxy resin, - from greater than 1 to less than 15 phr otverditelya.2 amine. A rubber composition according to Claim. 1, wherein the elastomer is selected from the group consisting of natural rubber, synthetic polyisoprenes, polybutadienes, butadiene copolymers, isoprene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomerov.3. A rubber composition according to any one p.p.1-2, wherein the proportion of the epoxy resin ranges from greater than 1 to less than 15 phr.4. A rubber composition according to Claim. 1, wherein the amine hardener comprises at least 2 aminogruppy.5. A rubber composition according to claim 4, wherein the amine hardener is selected from the group consisting of p-xylylenediamine, 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,8-diaminooctane, 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and mixtures of these soedineniy.6. A rubber composition according to Claim. 1, wherein the reinforcing filler comprises carbon black, silica or a mixture of carbon black and kremnezema.7. A rubber composition according to Claim. 1, wherein the amount of the reinforcing filler is greater than 20 to less than 200 phr.8. A tire comprising a rubber composition according to any one p.p.1-7.9. Finished or semi-finished rubber product comprising the rubber composition according to any one p.p.1-7.10. A process for preparing rubber composition according to any one p.p.1-7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - introduction into a diene elastomer, during a first step (called non-productive), reinforcing filler, from greater than 1 to less than 20 phr epoxy resin and from greater than 1 to less than 15 phr of an amine hardener, thermomechanical stirring until a maximum temperature, composing


A simplified recess structure to reduce the drain breakdown voltage of GaAs power FETs will be covered. The structure, with an internal matching network has delivered an output power of 7W at 5.6GHz.


The famous author, Friedrich Schiller, joined the tenured faculty at the University of Jena in the year 1789. He gave his celebrated inaugural lecture under the title: "What does universal history mean and to what end do we study it?" Exactly two hundred years later, when I finished my doctoral dissertation, I did not hold a public lecture (let alone a celebrated one). However, I was confronted with a very similar question: "What on earth is alcohol history and what is the point of it?"


The development of power capacitors has proceeded along the line of relatively small individual units for sound engineering reasons, and the performance of capacitor units as individuals has been very satisfactory. When capacitors are grouped in banks, this individuality or independence may be retained by fusing each unit. When group protection only is sulpplied, as by the use of bank fuses or circuit breakers the installation is no longer a collection of individuals but a consolidated group whose performance may be decidedly different. It is shown in this paper how the performance characteristic of the individual unit changes with the size of the group. Since the selection of protective methods and equipment may be dictated largely by economical considerations, the risk of operating groups of capacitors without individual fuses is evaluated.


Scheduling problems with variable processing times and past-sequence-dependent delivery times are considered on a single-machine. The delivery times of jobs depend on their waiting times of processing. A job's actual processing time depends on its position in a sequence, its starting time and its allocation of non-renewable resources. Under the linear resource consumption function, the goal (version) is to determine the optimal sequence and optimal resource allocation such that the sum of scheduling cost and total resource consumption cost is minimized. Under the convex resource consumption function, three versions of the scheduling cost and total resource consumption cost are discussed. We prove that these four versions can be solved in polynomial time, respectively. Some applications are also given by using the scheduling cost, which involve the makespan, total completion time, total absolute differences in completion times (TADC), and total absolute differences in waiting times (TADW).


Acid lipase disease or deficiency occurs when the enzyme needed to break down certain fats that are normally digested by the body is lacking or missing, resulting in the toxic buildup of these fats in the body's cells and tissues. T hese fatty substances, called lipids, include fatty acids, oils, and cholesterol. T wo rare lipid storage diseases are caused by the deficiency of the enzyme lysosomal acid lipase, both of which are interited and affect males and females


Suspended graphene is interesting for nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) due to its high stiffness combined with low mass [1] and RF applications due to the increased electrical mobility. [2] For suspended as well as supported devices, it is important to have a large-scale fabrication route. We developed a robust and scale fabrication route for suspended devices from CVD graphene towards industrial applications. By taking particular care of the etching mask/graphene interface, we repeatedly achieved fully self-supported graphene beams in all of the 14 devices on each sample but one or two. A representative SEM image can be observed as in Figure 1a. In addition, we saw that it is possible to suspend more complicated geometries as in Figure 1b which are intended for more elaborate electrical measurements including the extraction of Hall mobility and elimination of contact resistance in suspended graphene structures. Furthermore, we have seen that it was possible to promote or impede periodic fold formation perpendicular to the beam length that survived heat treatments as well as suspending. Such folds, especially sharp ones are predicted to influence local electronic properties as well as chemical reactivity. [3] Therefore, it is imperative to have control over their formation. Compressive strain is a result of the high temperatures of the CVD process in company with the negative thermal expansion coefficient of graphene. While this is partially relaxed into systematic and/or randomly distributed folds, Raman spectroscopy showed that the compression is, in fact, not fully relaxed even at the final step of fabrication. Our preliminary electrical measurements on graphene devices on SiO2 showed promising contact resistance and Hall mobility. Our care of the interface resulted in contact resistivity values of ~ 2 – 3 Ω μm which is on the lower end of the published values for Cr/Au metals. [4] We calculated a mobility of ~1200 cm 2 V -1 s -1 from Hall measurements where we swept the magnetic fields up to 11 T at 4 K and 20 K. While this value appears low, it agrees with electrical mobility in non-annealed CVD graphene devices.


On June 30, 1982, the clock ran out on the Equal Rights Amendment, a decade after its passage in the House in 1971 and in the Senate in 1972. Only 35 of the necessary 38 state legislatures voted for ratification, a failure all the more trenchant in the light of Congress's 1979 vote to extend the ratification date three years. What went wrong? The problem was not lack of popular support; nationally both male and female backers of the ERA outnumbered opponents sometimes by as much as three to one.' Even in the nonratified states, public opinion since 1972 consistently favored the amendment, often by wide margins.2 On the very eve of ERA's defeat in several unratified states that were the key foci of lastminute campaigns, there was substantial popular support: a North Carolina poll showed supporters of the ERA outnumbering opponents by a 61 percent to 30 percent majority.3 Popular support, then, was not the problem. Nor was the ERA's defeat caused by lack of commitment or interest among the amendment's


3+1 decompositions of differential forms on a Lorentzian manifold (M,g; +−−−) with respect to arbitrary observer field and the decomposition of the standard operations acting on them are studied, making use of the ideas of the theory of connections on principal bundles. Simple explicit general formulas are given as well as their application to the Maxwell equations.


This thesis reports the work performed during the three years of my PH.D. course at the Electrical Engineering Department of the University of Padova. Most of my research activity has been carried out at Consorzio RFX (Padova) where the RFX-mod experiment is located. RFX-mod (Reversed Field eXperiment-MODified) is the largest toroidal device built to study magnetically confined plasmas of thermonuclear interest in the so-called Reversed Field Pinch (RFP) configuration.
The RFP, together with the Tokamak and the Stellarator, is one of the main configurations used to confine plasmas in toroidal devices with the purpose of studying controlled thermonuclear fusion as an energy source. The energy production by fusion in magnetically confined plasmas is an ambitious and important goal, which could contribute to solve the problem of a sustainable energy source for mankind. To be an efficient energy source, a sufficiently dense and hot plasma must be confined for a time long enough. In order to fulfill this goal, energy and particle losses, heating properties, transport and energy confinement must be understood and eventually controlled. One of the most interesting characteristics of RFP plasmas, discovered in the last years in RFX-mod, concerned particular self-organized regimes (SHAx) where transport barriers are observed and the confinement is improved with respect to the traditional RFP configurations. These plasma configurations are characterized by a spectrum of the MHD modes leaded by few but well defined components and by the presence of high temperature and high X emissivity plasma regions. The most recent works suggest that the structure of the modes is strongly related to the profiles of the magnetic field. The measurement of the magnetic fields in the inner regions of the plasma is very important for understanding these plasma configurations. My research activity aimed to experimentally investigate the profiles of the magnetic fields by Far Infrared (FIR) polarimetry in order to characterize such particular plasma regimes and to compare them with the traditional ones.
The measurement of the profiles of the magnetic fields in RFX-mod is performed by a Far Infrared polarimeter. This diagnostic is based on the measurement of Faraday rotation angle. In fact a radiation propagating through a magnetically confined plasma suffers a rotation of its polarization plane that is proportional to the line integrated product of the electron density multiplied by the component of the magnetic field parallel to the propagation direction.
My research activity concentrated in the measurements and analyses of the polarimetric effects of the plasma column on a radiation probing it, in order to obtain detailed information about the distribution of the magnetic fields inside the plasma. In particular I have been involved into laboratory activities and also in the installation, operation and optimization of the FIR polarimeter in RFX-mod machine. The analysis of the data obtained by this diagnostic allowed me to characterize the plasma column and to get information about the evolution of the magnetic fields inside the plasma during the discharge. In fact, the polarimetric measurements together with the electron density measurements, allow the reconstruction of the profile of the poloidal magnetic field and thus the reconstruction of the position of the magnetic inner surfaces, in particular of the magnetic axis. Given these information it is possible to estimate the plasma current and therefore the safety factor q.

My research activity carried out at Consorzio RFX, concerned the installation of the polarimeter in the RFX-mod machine. After several tests in laboratory, the diagnostic has been fully mounted and the entire optical line has been aligned by a visible laser previously put on the FIR beam. The additional activities done to make the polarimeter operative are reported in detail. Innovative acquisition modules have been adopted allowing to acquire many samples with a sampling frequency up to 25kHz. Moreover I contributed to the development and implementation of a software which processes the raw data coming from the detectors and it gives out the Faraday rotation angle in real time. All these activities allowed me to obtain the first polarimetric measurements along five channels.

The international context of fusion science and the cooperation with other European Associations involved in the European fusion program, i.e. CEA (F) and CCFE (UK), allowed me to be in contact with many fusion experts and to personally contribute to some advanced aspects of the European and international scientific research, recently reached. In particular, I spent four months at the Culham Research Centre (UK), where the JET machine is sited. During that period I studied in depth the interferometer/polarimeter operating at JET, analyzing its optical characteristics and testing some models useful to obtain measurements of the electron density from polarimetric data. I contributed to the implementation of a code for the raw data processing and I tested some procedures which starting from raw data evaluate all the polarimetric effects of the plasmas accounting of the properties of the optical beam path.

This thesis focuses on the main results obtained at RFX-mod and JET machines. The first measurements performed with the polarimeter installed in RFX-mod during my PhD, are reported. Regarding the activity at JET, this thesis describes the results that confirm the polarimeter can provide reliable information of the electron density, very useful for the real time control.

The thesis is organized as it follows:
-In Chapter 1 the polarization of light is introduced, describing some important historical stages which leaded to the discovery of this fundamental property of the light. In this chapter the light is represented as an electromagnetic wave and its components are mathematically expressed as sinusoids. At the end the concept of polarimetry, as technique to measure the polarization state of a radiation, in introduced.
-The Chapter 2 introduces the issues of energy production, highlighting the main characteristics that a new energy source needs; the thermonuclear magnetic fusion is presented as an effective actor in the future energetic outline. A description of the physics of magnetic confinement equilibria and, with more detail of the RFP and Tokamak, is given.
-In Chapter 3 the basic theory of polarimetry and interferometry is introduced. The Stokes and Mueller formalisms for the description of the polarization state of a radiation are described. Some polarimetric and interferometric techniques are discussed.
-The Chapter 4 is focused in the activities carried out at the RFX-mod machine. In this chapter RFX-mod is briefly described with details on the set of diagnostics. The entire setup of the polarimeter is accurately described and the first results are presented and compared with the theoretical values evaluated according to models.
-The Chapter 5 is focused in the activities carried out at JET. In this chapter the JET experiment is briefly introduced and an overview of diagnostics is given. The entire polarimeter/interferometer system is described and the measurements of the electron density obtained by Cotton Mouton values are presented and discussed. The preliminary results of an investigation performed to understand the source of an anomaly behaviour of the calibration data are reported. Finally the polarimetric results evaluated by a new raw data processing code are shown.


This article briefly adresses the evolution of the role of an organization's senior information officer as that role has evolded primarily in the last half of this century. The author does not deny the humorous overtones implicit in the concept. But his core thesis is that despite the guffaws, scorn, cynicism and general Weltschmerz (ho hum, here we go again) anticipated from the serious library, information, information technology, archival, historian, journalism, educator and other communities, he is willing to bet that by no later than 2010, graduate students and people in their early work force years will be scrambling to position themselves as very high paid Wisdom Administrators. In short, if we first saw data analysts, then information managers, then chief information officers, and now chief knowledge officers, can the Wisdom Administrator be far behind? The author thinks they are already there -waiting silently in the wings for their cue to come on stage. Their scripts are virtually already written for them because of today's culture of continually pouring old wine into new bottles. All they need to do is behave faithfully speak their lines, and collect their six figure paychecks! Is there life beyond the Wisdom Administrator? Read on!


Fremont police and emergency crew clear away a three-car accident at Oak Harbor Road and Cedar Street in Fremont, OH. Dan Keegan, 24 of Wahl Road, Vickery, OH was treated at Fremont Memorial Hospital for a head injury


Word association, a projective qualitative technique, was applied to the development of olive oil-based and olive leaf extract-supplemented cosmetic creams.

One hundred twenty female respondents presented with five stimulus terms – namely, "nourishing cream," "antiaging cream," "olive oil-based cream," "olive leaf extract-supplemented cream" and "antioxidant-rich cream" – were asked to write down four images, associations, thoughts or feelings evoked by each of the different stimuli. Word associations made by the surveyed sample were then grouped into 14 categories. For each of the proposed stimuli, the frequency of mention of elicited words was analyzed according to and within each category.

The use of word association enabled the identification of expected or desired sensory properties and efficacy of the studied cosmetic creams, as well as the concepts associated – in the minds of respondents – with each of the creams. The resulting information may be used to optimize the selection of new products and their denominations.

Practical Applications
Relevant information regarding consumer perception of different aspects of prospective cosmetic creams, made available by application of a word association technique, enables the definition of major product development processes as well as the identification of most suitable marketing and communication strategies.


SUMMARY

The biology of the apple sawfly, Hoplocumpa testudinea Klug., has been under observation for several years in the north-west of England. Mating and oviposition are described and an account is given of the position of the eggs on the host plant. Usually the eggs are found under the epidermis of the upper surface of the receptacle within the calyx ring, and often within the bases of the stamens.

The incubation period normally varied from 8 to 15 days. During this period the eggs increased slightly in size, and the majority ruptured the epidermis of the receptacle and so became partly exposed within the calyx ring.

The larvae emerge from the eggs on the outside of the fruitlet and proceed to penetrate it either from within The calyx ring, or by passing over the calyx on to the side of the receptacle and tunnelling in from that position. It appears that the larvae seek the ovary but numbers never reach it, and at this stage there may be some mortality among the larvae.

Larvae which reach the ovary feed for a short time on the developing seeds and at about the third instar migrate to older fruits. Circular or ribbon scars appear to be caused by the wanderings of first instar larvae in their first penetration of the fruit.

The larvae are described. They have five instars and a growth ratio of about 1.4. They measure 9–11 mm. when mature.

The larvae over-winter in cocoons, the majority of those under observation were constructed a t a depth of 3–9 in. in the soil. The pupal period lasts 3–4 weeks.

Notes are given on infestation by apple sawfly in relation to variety and date of blossoming of a number of apple varieties, and the significance of details of the biology of the species on control measures is discussed.


This study attempts an assessment of the effectiveness of the proxy means test (PMT) procedure in achieving better targeting of the poor in Oyo State, Nigeria. This is because proper identification and corresponding targeting of the poor is still a challenge in poverty analysis in Africa. The PMT method was therefore used to estimate household expenditures, corresponding poverty statuses of the households, inclusion and exclusion rates using data from the National Living Standard Survey (NLLS) for the five poverty lines considered. The PMT method gave higher percentages of the poor compared to the conventional method for all the five poverty lines. The implication of this finding is that the PMT method could indeed be used alternatively for improved targeting of the poor, especially in Oyo State.Keywords: Poverty, Proxy Means Test (PMT), Poverty lines, Oyo State, Africa


ECU execute program, the program comprising: IG OFF operation is performed (in S100 is "Yes") and when the vehicle during running (in S102 is "Yes"), is not allowed if the engine is stopped (S104 in "N"), low load control step (S108) is executed; step (S110) of controlling gating off; when the brake pedal is operated (in S112 is "yes"), the vehicle speed V ratio threshold value V (2) is low (as in S114, "yES"), or the disconnection operation from the performed IG elapses when a predetermined time (S116 "yes"), and the low-load control and gating off control step (S118); step (S120) is stopped allowing the engine; and a step (S106) performs the fuel cut control.


As discussed in the April 13, 2017 farmdoc daily article, the 2014 Farm Bill created generic base acres which allow the current year crop plantings to determine which commodity program payments a producer might be eligible to receive. Thus, the introduction of generic acres in the 2014 Farm Bill allows for the possibility of recoupling, a situation in which farmers consider expected program payments when making planting decisions. Peanut payments and plantings are evaluated below because 1) low peanut prices have led to expectations for large program payments since the 2014 Farm Bill programs took effect, and 2) peanuts are planted in areas where many generic acres exist.


BIOGEOGFIAPH/A » vol. XIX ~ 7997 {Pubblicato /I 31 orrobre 1998) Gli efietfi delle variazioni climatiche pleisloceniche sulla dinamica dei popolamemi animali e vegetali nella Penisola italiana Biogeography of Early and Early Middle Pleistocene Mammalian Faunas of Italy AUGUSTO AZZAROLI Dz;z7tzrtz'77m2t0 di Scimze dellzz Term, Unizzerszfiz di Firenze 2/izz Giorgio La Pinz, 4 — 50121 Firerzze Key words: Climatic phases during the Ice Age, Pleistocene palaeoclimate, Eemi-an, \X/Lirmi-an, Holocene palaeoclimatc. SUMMARY The strrtigraphical distribution oFEarlyand Middle Peistocene mammalian fossils in ltaly is described in detail. The author stresses the occurrence oftwo major climatic events, the First between 3.1 and 2.5 M.y. ago, the second at 1.0-0.9 M.y. The distribution of Italian continental faunas before and after the second event are described in detail. There is a definite lag from continental Faunas turnovers and temperature changes of sea waters. Faunas which preceded and followed the second temperature drop in ocean waters are described in detail. The Pleistocene begins at oxygen isotope stage 62, near the top of the Olduvai palaeomagnetic event, about 1.8 M.y. ago (Fig. 1). This date coincides with the arrival in large number of the so called "Northern Guests" in the Mediterranean, although older, scattered occurrences of these guests have been observed in Italy. When this boundary was officially defined, in the International Geological Congress of London, 1948, the arrival of cold climate indicators in the middle latitudes appeared to be a relevant event in the history ofour planet. Subsequent studies have shown that it coincided with a minor sea retreat and negative climatic oscillation: the oxygen isotope curve of oceans does not evidence any definite climatic change at this time. Greater variations in ocean temperatures took place earlier and later. The isotope curve evidences a progressive decline in water temperatures between 3.1 and 2.5 My, isotope periods KM2 and 100. Around 2.5 M.y. the "Acquatraversan event" ofAmbrosetti et al. (1972) Was characterised by a marked sea retreat and a major faunal revolution, both in oceans and continents. Another, more marked temperature fall is recorded in the same curve at cold period 22, shortly after 0.9 M.y. ago, the "Cassian event" ofAmbrosetti et al. (1972), also characterized by a sea level fall. At this time the pattern of oscillations ofocean temperatures changed


The top awards in American landscape architecture--American Society of Landscape Architects Awards, which has reacted on the appropriate fashion and put a premium on excellent programs, promoted the development of American landscape architecture. Three different trends in setting the criteria of ASLA Awards in different times are introduced first and then their active influences are analyzed to find out the reasons for its success in order to provide inspiration and reference for the development of Chinese landscape architecture.


Synthetic Applications of Sensitized Photoreduction of ~i(acac), The photoreduction of bis(acetylacetonato)nickel(II), Ni(acac),, sensitized by triplet excited state acetone in a 2-propanol/benzene mixture or in THF can serve to catalytically hydrogenate olefins i n s i t u under hydrogen. Under these photohydrogenation conditions, the vinyl group in 4-vinylcyclohexene was reduced while the ring double bond remained unaffected. Other olefins such as norbornene, 5-methylene-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene, 1,7-octadiene, and dicyclopentadiene were re-investigated under modified conditions. In agreement with previous discoveries, bicyclic dienes were hydrogenated at the more strained double bonds. The requirement of light in the catalytic hydrogenation was established by the observation of the cessation of hydrogenation when irradiation was interrupted or by the addition of large excess of Ni(acac),. The hydrogenation of dicyclopentadiene and 1,5-COD was completely stopped in the presence of four equivalents of P(n-Bu),. Intramolecular cycloaddition of dicyclopentadiene can be sensitized by excited state acetone, xanthone, and benzene with different efficiencies to give a caged product. The sensitized photolysis of Ni(acac), under carbon monoxide was applied to the carbonylation of organic halides under mild conditions. Organic substrates such as bromoand iodobenzene, 1-bromonaphthalene, crotyl bromide, and cyclohexyl iodide were carbonylated, probably by N~(cO), generated i n s i t u , either under photolysis at room temperature or under refluxing in the dark. In order to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, selective poisoning of colloidal and solid nickel was conducted by the addition of mercury(0). The results were unfortunately ambiguous. A mixture of a photolysate from the sensitized reduction of Ni(acac), and an olefin was shaken under a low hydrogen pressure in the dark but gave no hydrogenation products. On the basis of the experimental results the question of homogeneous vs heterogeneous catalytic processes could not be decided.


The present invention provides an organic light emitting diode by the condensed-cyclic compound represented by the following Formula 1 and comprising the condensed ring compound, wherein, Rl to R6, Ar5 and Ar6 and X1 to X10 are as defined in the specification: Formula 1


This invention discloses a method and device for realizing USB starting and updating of mobile communication base station system. The device comprises a base station main control single plate module mounted on the base station system; a BOOT starting program module and a USB interface module mounted on the base station main control single plate module; the BOOT starting program module is connected with the USB interface module and used for detecting and connecting a USB device and updating and starting from the software version of the USB device. The USB device is provided with a USB version storage module for storing the software version of the base station system single plate. The method of this invention uses the USB mobile hard disk to realize the starting and updating to the base station, which greatly reduces the maintenance cost of the mobile communication system base station product and improves the product maintenance efficiency and the competitive strength of the product.


In the pursuit of alternatives to traditional optical lithography, block copolymer directed self-assembly (DSA) has emerged as a low-cost, high-throughput option. However, issues of defectivity have hampered DSA's viability for large-scale patterning. Recent studies have shown copolymer fill level to be a crucial factor in defectivity, as template overfill can result in malformed DSA structures and poor LCDU after etching. For this reason, it is previously demonstrated the use of sub-DSA resolution assist features (SDRAFs) as a method of evening out template density. In this work, we propose an algorithm to place SDRAFs in random logic contact/via layouts. By adopting this SDRAF placement scheme, we can significantly improve the density unevenness and the resources used are also optimized. This is the first work to investigate the placement of SDRAFs in order to mitigate the DSA density variation problem, and it can be adopted for the mass deployment of DSA.


EDTA has been elected by the European authorities as part of the priority substances for extensive evaluation. Consequently the German Rapporteur drafted a comprehensive and detailed Risk Assessment Report that was completed in 2003. Their conclusions show that EDTA has a low toxicity profile for both human health and environment, that there is no risk for human health and that risks for the environment are limited to some local extreme cases of high emissions to small surface waters.


Introduction Driving is an important occupation that influences a person's ability to access community resources and participate in meaningful activities. Occupational therapists and other clinicians who are trained as driver rehabilitation specialists provide interventions to improve function and independence in driving. The objective of this study was to examine consistency of adaptive driving equipment prescription and driver retraining recommendations for clients with physical impairment and identify factors that influence driver rehabilitation recommendations. Methods Clinicians practicing in Canada and the United States were surveyed electronically. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results Out of 36 respondents, the majority (97.2%) were occupational therapists. Completion of in-clinic (97.0%) and on-road (84.4%) evaluations were consistent among the majority of respondents, yet components comprising evaluations varied. Fewer respondents were in agreement in equipment recommendations for secondary controls. Respondents emphasized the importance of clinical reasoning skills when making equipment and intervention recommendations. Conclusion Further development of clinical guidelines and advanced training in driver rehabilitation may be beneficial to facilitate clinical reasoning and improve consistency of practice.


The study evaluates effects of varied doses of ascorbic acid and piroxicam on behavioural signs of pain in orchidectomised Savannah Brown goats during their postsurgical pain management. The goats were divided into 6 groups of 3 goats each. Orchidectomy was performed on all animals under sedation with xylazine and linear infiltration with lignocaine. After surgery, varied doses of piroxicam (IM) and ascorbic acid (IV) were administered to the goats: Group A = piroxicam, 5 mg/kg


Purpose – The paper explores theories of regulation by examining their consistency and fit with the development of smart regulation, better regulation and self‐regulation. It achieves this through the use of two case studies. Building control is offered as an example of deregulation, the 1980s approach to "smart" regulation, whilst the Primary Authority scheme is provided as an example of current thinking. The paper develops an explanation of how these shifting regulatory architectures have generated current views of how to manage the issue of regulation and then proposes a framework to explain how professional and local authority regulation works and can be made to work better.Design/methodology/approach – Analytical, as a preliminary to testing theoretical constructs by further empirical research. The paper examines case studies to draw out the drivers for regulatory practice and then establishes a model from this as the basis for further work.Findings – The use of Giddens's concept of Late Modernity is...


According to the linear relationship among the measuring data of Yangtze River,the index weight is decided by mean-variance method,triangle whitenization weight function and trapezoid whitenization weight function are established respectively to make grey evaluation for the present situation of water pollution of Yangtze River,and finally the expectation results are approximate.This explains that whitenization weight function has bigger flexibility,subjectivity according to the grey theory and fuzzy theory.


Choquet-Bruhat was the first to give a proper physical definition of covariant spinors, taking into account the reference system and treating them as equivalence classes defined from the transformation laws of the representatives when the reference system is changed. Recently, Rodriguez et al.[ Int. J. Theor. Phys. 35, 1849 (1996)] have adapted this procedure from covariant spinors to the case of algebraic and operator spinors. These approaches are restrained in the sense that the type of spinor is chosen from the beginning, and it does not admit a general formulation. In this paper, we present a unified definition that is valid for any type of the space of representation, being independent of its particular properties. In our formulation the three types of spinors appear as particular cases of the general definition. Moreover, we stick out the importance of the bilinear covariants in the definition of spinors. From this, we recognize a completely different kind of spinor, characterized by the different n...


A significant component of society's sustainable development is producing energy from renewable sources. Various energy sources, including solar, biomass, biogas, and wind, must be utilised to their full potential to fulfil current demands. In most nations like Nigeria, there are a lot of rural areas that suffer from energy supply. This has brought up many studies on how optimisation techniques can help manage the sustainability of the supply of this generated energy to such areas. Therefore, this review paper focuses on the performance analysis of several studies on the impact of mathematical modelling and various optimisation techniques on power generation systems via renewable sources. The study review papers from a quality outlet such as Elsevier, Springer, and other quality journals indexed in Scopus databases. On biomass production, wind energy production system, steam and solar energy. The finding from the study showed that the application of real-life engineering optimisation tools and models developed significantly improved the power generation process globally. Therefore, in the study's conclusion, the authors provided sustainable recommendations on how to apply these models to improve the sustainable power generation process.


Agile software engineering practices aim at unifying software development (Dev) and software operation (Ops) in order to quickly release new software and gather feedback on new features in the latest version. The feedback loop gets closed mostly after new releases are deployed to production. During development, engineers do not receive feedback whether their changes are still aligned with the requirements and the formalized concept. This increases the risk of removing implemented code and decreases productivity. In this paper, we propose a tool for closing the feedback loop after each continuous deployment stage i.e. development, test and production. The continuous feedback is provided via a dependency model that represents the current software architecture on early stages. Hereby, each deployment phase and final release are compared against each other in order to uncover inconsistencies in regard to the predefined requirements.