The 1×5 Orthogonal Trial was used to study the effect of k fertilizer on corn growth.Spraying K 2O 129 kg/hm 2,corn have the best economic effect,it increases yield 19.3% than no k fertilizer.The experiments show that spraying k fertilizer have a good effect of raising yield.


Spectrum database-based cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have become the de facto approach for enabling unlicensed secondary users (SUs) to identify spectrum vacancies in channels owned by licensed primary users (PUs). Despite its merits, the use of spectrum databases incurs privacy concerns for both SUs and PUs. Single-server private information retrieval (PIR) has been used as the main tool to address this problem. However, such techniques incur extremely large communication and computation overheads while offering only computational privacy. Besides, some of these PIR protocols have been broken. In this paper, we show that it is possible to achieve high efficiency and (information-theoretic) privacy for both PUs and SUs in database-driven CRN with multi-server PIR. Our key observation is that, by design, database-driven CRNs comprise multiple databases that are required, by the Federal Communications Commission, to synchronize their records. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to exploit this observation to harness multi-server PIR technology to guarantee an optimal privacy for both SUs and PUs, thanks to the unique properties of database-driven CRN. We showed, analytically and empirically with deployments on actual cloud systems, that multi-server PIR is an ideal tool to provide efficient location privacy in database-driven CRN.


Most studies on tuning of fuzzy inference are concerned with numerical inputs and outputs only, and very few research has been done on tuning of fuzzy inference with fuzzy inputs and outputs. Moreover, in many cases the object of tuning are fuzzy predicates only, apart from the other factors intervening in fuzzy inference. In this paper the authors propose a method to tune the fuzzy inference when inputs and outputs are given as fuzzy sets. This method is similar to backpropagation and tunes the parameters of aggregation operators, implication functions and combination functions as well as the fuzzy predicates which appear in the nodes of the network representing the calculation process of the fuzzy inference. Some results of tuning simulation are also shown.<<ETX>>


Thermoacidophilic archaea such as Thermoplasma acidophilum and Sulfolobussolfataricus areknowntometabolize D -glucosevia the nED (non-phosphorylated Entner–Doudoroff) pathway. In the present study, we identified and characterized a glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase involved in the downstream portion of the nED pathway. This glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase was purified from T. acidophilum cell extracts by sequential chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, Q-Sepharose, Phenyl-Sepharose and Affi-Gel Blue columns. SDS/PAGE of the purified enzyme showed a molecular mass of approx. 53 kDa, whereas the molecular mass of the native protein was 215 kDa, indicating that glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase is a tetrameric protein. By MALDI–TOF-MS (mat-rix-assisted laser-desorption ionization–time-of-flight MS) peptide fingerprinting of the purified protein, it was found that the gene product of Ta0809 in the T. acidophilum genome database corresponds to the purified glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase. The native enzyme showed the highest activity towards glyceraldehyde, but no activity towards aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes, and no activity when NAD + was substituted for NADP + . Analysis of the amino acid sequence and enzyme inhibition studies indicated that this glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase belongs to the ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase) superfamily. BLAST searches showed that homologues of the Ta0809 protein are not present in the Sulfolobus genome. Possible differences between T. acidophilum (Euryarchaeota) and S. solfataricus (Crenarchaeaota) in terms of the glycolytic pathway are thus expected.


Abstract Elizabeth Perry and other theorists argued that a strong centralized government, as well as limited individual freedoms in China, had historically been legitimated by the state's effective provision of economic security and prosperity to the people and that this moral economy still informed the Chinese conception of rights. This study empirically examined Perry's notion of the Chinese conception of rights by analyzing survey data collected from over 1,100 college students across three provinces in China. The results of the Latent Class Analysis and the posterior regression analyses lent moderate support to Perry's argument while revealing increasingly diversifying conceptions of rights among Chinese college students, including a stronger endorsement of civil and political liberties among those from certain demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds. These findings caution hasty characterizations of political development in China: while the traditional Chinese conception of rights remains dominant, Chinese legal and political consciousness is indeed changing, at its own pace, among the educated, younger generation.


A method of program feature extraction for detecting software vulnerability models comprises steps of 1) loading a vulnerability model from a database to a memory, using the vulnerability model as a reference when analyzing the program and creating a data structure of the vulnerability model, 2) loading a program and a feature analysis extracting process, abstracting software codes compiled via a gcc, and extracting required operations according to the operating information related to the vulnerability model to obtain a sequence of program feature, namely a program feature sequence for detecting the vulnerability model. The loading process of the vulnerability model includes: the vulnerability model is composed of state nodes of the vulnerability state and the set of directed edges. The process of loading the program and extracting features includes extracting information related to the vulnerability state in a program control flow chart, and then organizing the information in terms of functions. The process of extracting the operating sequence related to the vulnerability model includes that each function program feature corresponds to one operation sequence linked list, and the operating sequence linked lists are organized in terms of functions, wherein the node of the operating sequence linked list is an operation or function related to the vulnerability state.


Operating regimes of a hybrid CO2 laser were invesigated. It was shown that the delay of a laser pulse relative to a current pulse in the high-pressure-vessel, and the shape, spectral composition, and energy of the laser pulse depend on the gain in the low-pressure vessel and on the resonator parameters. The experimental results are in agreement with a theoretical description of the operation of a hybrid CO2 laser.


Many Ghanaians believe that introducing multi-party elections at the metropolitan, municipal and district levels would ensure the election of competent people to manage the urban or local economy. This belief is premised on the assumption that electorates are informed and would vote for competent politicians. Using the 2008 elections in Ghana, it is argued that only a minority of electorates vote on issues; the majority vote along tribal and party lines; and based on how "humble" a politician is or simply based on monetocracy. This means that introducing elections into the local government system would not necessarily lead to a transformation of the local or urban economy; greater local democracy is not the answer to the housing problem, sanitation crisis, unemployment burden and the poverty challenge. There may be the need for a new form of local democracy.


Employee Capital Plans (PPK in Polish) are a part of a common system of voluntary pension savings schemes under the third pillar. They are assumed to cover all employees. However, each employee will be able to opt out of the participation in the program.The financial institutions eligible to offer Employee Capital Plans will include investment fund companies, general pension societies and employee pension societies as well as insurance companies. The opportunity to collect capital within the framework of Employee Capital Funds in the form of unit-linked life insurance will have an additional value for the participants, namely an insurance cover. Nevertheless, due to particular regulatory requirements and the difference between the insurance contract and other forms of Employee Capital Funds, it involves certain consequences. The present article is an attempt to address the essential issues concerning Employee Capital Funds offered in the form of insurance, regarding the insurance contract itself, such as insurance coverage or the nature of the contracts for the management and operation of Employee Capital Plans, as well as general matters, which exert an influence on the ECPs provided by insurance undertakings.


Reply to comments on the author′s original article (article and comments in AAAJ, Vol. 5 No. 1, 1992) – a postscript. Emphasizes that policy makers do seek recourse to statistical methods when trying to understand the nature of public sector efficiency, and regression analysis has particular dangers. Misused the technique may lead to undervaluation of the importance of public sector resource inputs. Argues that the structure of the "positivist" model is flawed and doomed to failure; refinement of the data set will not correct structural defects in the model.


Ecological-economic models (such as Leontiev-Ford) play a special role in solving the fundamental problems of long-term planning, taking into account the factor of environmental management. On their basis, the task of justifying the magnitude of the costs of environmental protection can be implemented, considering the socio-economic effect and their distribution in the territorial-industry context. Based on the proposed balance model, typical generalizations («extensions») of the model are highlighted, which, in general, increase its dimension, but do not «fall out» of the linear class. In particular, the issues of analyzing the impact on changes in the volume of gross sectoral issues as a result of changes in structural industry proportions are studied, corresponding to changes in the technological structure of the functioning of the ecological-economic system in the sectoral context. In order to solve the problem, it was developed to use the algorithms of basis matrix method, which are equipped with the technology for determining solutions of the system of matrix linear equations in accordance with the changes and generalize the model. At the same time, changes may be experienced by individual elements or a group of elements, one or a group of rows (columns), in blocks of matrix submatrices. The proposed algorithms are implemented for the case of changes in the matrix of constraints of the original system without recalculation (again). We considered various variants of changes in the model and their influence on the new solution in case of «perturbation» in submatrices of the constraint matrix (group of elements forming a block) of the model. In particular, the variant with the «inclusion («exclusion») of new blocks of submatrices, that is an increase (or decrease) in the dimension of the original constraint matrix of mathematical model. Such models are provided by a linear system, in particular, a system of linear algebraic equations (SLAE). Such an approach makes it possible to carry out directional changes in the model in order to achieve the desired proportions of the «useful» and «harmful» component in the production structure (as a solution to the problem). Further development of the proposed theory makes it possible to proceed to the study of aggregation issues of the balance scheme «input-output», determining a specific corridor of permissible changes in order to achieve a target reference point for the volume of sectoral output.


Weight unbalance of rotor is the important reason for generator set vibration,and dynamic balancing is effective way of dealing with the problem.This paper presents principle of unbalance vibration and mode method of dynamic balancing,and introduce the process that mode method is successfully applied on V94.2 gas turbine generator set.


Aimed at the television cover region at Huaibei,this paper discusses on MMDS techniques,presents the design and its implementation.Some solutions are proposed to solve the issues for the implementation.The room of MMDS,engineering testing and check are gived.


sample collected at Kurashiki City, OkayamaPrefecture, Japan. From the characteristics described below, the fungus was identified as a strain of Paecilomyces sp. For the identification of the fungus, potato-dextrose agar (PDA), yeast extract-soluble starch agar (YpSs), and corn meal agar (CMA) were used. Colonies on CMAgrew rather restrictedly, attaining a diameter of 20~25mmand was colored in pearl after incubation for 14days at 25°C. The reverse of colonies was pearl in color. No soluble pigment was produced. Morphological observation was carried out under a microscope (Olympus Vanox-S AH-2). When the strain FO-3684 was grown on CMAfor 14days at 25°C, the phialide was born directly from substrate hyphae and was hyaline with no branching as shown in Fig. 2. The phialide was swollen and tapered gradually toward the


Standard cores and honeycombs acts mostly as spacer between structural laminates (skins). Honeycombs and cores are usually difficult to bend. Auxetic materials overcome these limitations [1]. Due to their peculiar deformation mode (ie. they expand when stretched rather than contracting) auxetics can bend without any saddle effect typical of honeycomb structure. Scarpa et al [3] reported a study on the flatwise compressive properties of hexachiral truss cores, showing higher compressive strength for low-density ratios compared to conventional centresymmetric honeycombs. A novel manufacturing technique was developed, within the FP6 CHISMACOMB project, to produce hexachiral cores with fiber reinforced polymers. This research resulted in a patented process owned by CHISMATECH [4]. The present paper is focused on the mechanical characterization of novel biocomposite hexachiral cores reinforced with hemp yarns manufactured with this technique.


This evaluation of the USAID/Nairobi bilateral project "Population Studies and Research Institute" (PSRI) was intended to update an earlier evaluation. Although recruitment of expatriates and relations with ministries have improved other recommendations of the 1978 evaluation have not been implemented. Problems with local and external training and the research awards program funded by the PSRI remain to be resolved. Problems with internal organization and administration have worsened because they have been allowed to continue. The evaluation team recommended that USAID continue to support the PSRI for at least 3 years following termination of the present arrangement and negotiate with the Population Council to extend its teams services with no reduction in time commitment. Foreign fellows should be assured of the PSRIs continuing interest in them and arrangements should be initiated for their absorption by the PSRI or the university. Students should be recruited for training in population economics and public health and family planning for ultimate replacement of retiring faculty. A Kenyan should be appointed deputy director to oversee day-to-day operation of the PSRI. The Governing Board should take a more active role in the PSRIs training and research programs and other affairs. Research collaboration between Kenyans in the PSRI and other institutions and the Population Council team should be increased. The PSRI should revise its curricula and facilitate access to relevant courses elsewhere. USAID should recognize in evaluating the evaluation that it would have to assume the major burden of the projects extension other willing donors not having come forward.


A review of fourteen patients treated for sepsis following intramedullary fixation of fractures of the femoral shaft is presented.

The management of these complicated fractures is discussed from the standpoint of antibiotics, rod fixation, drainage, sequestrectomy, and external support.

The results are evaluated with respect to union of the fracture, eradication of sepsis, and recovery of joint function.

A plea is made for the maintenance of rigid internal fixation, even in the face of seemingly disastrous infection, in order to achieve union of the fracture.


We present a metric that describes conventional matter collapsing into a black hole, bouncing and emerging from a white hole, and that satisfies the vacuum Einstein equations everywhere, including in the interior of the black hole and the subsequent white hole, except for a small compact 4d "quantum tunneling" zone. This shows that a black hole can tunnel into a white hole without violating classical general relativity where this can be trusted. We observe that quantum gravity can affect the metric in a region outside the horizon without violating causality because small quantum effects might pile up over time. We study how quantum theory can determines the bouncing time.


Abstract : Shear characteristics presented in various tables include frequency; storage compliance J; loss compliance J J; loss tangent, J J/J; storage modulus; loss modulus; shear velocity; and attenuation. Materials studied include: polyisobutylenes, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, miscellaneous materials such as damping materials, polyurethane, adhesives.


Purpose/Thesis: The aim of the paper is to provide an evaluative review of literature on the quantitative methods of bibliometric forecasting and assessing the current state of scientific discipline development. By "evaluative" review it is understood that the author discussed and pinpointed the drawbacks of the literature-proposed ways to assess and predict the the predictive process was based either on purposefully designed citation analysis or solely on the number of disciplinary publications. In the first case the methodology must implicitly accept the theses of so-called normative paradigm, existing within the sociology of scientific knowledge and constituting an epistemological background for the methodology. In the latter case the methodology is engaged in the debate over topical relevance, which is observed within the frames of library and information science. Originality/Value: The originality and value of the paper lies in an effort to demonstrate the scope and a high degree of progress of the studies on the possibilities of predicting and assessing the development of scientific disciplines worldwide. In Polish scientific environment such studies are relatively rare, and it seems that the review of the predictive bibliometric methodology could contribute to the stimulation of interest in the research directed towards the forecasting of future scientific trends. It is also important to stress the disadvantages of selected methods of bibliometric forecasting as in this context they create a substantial amount of space destined for possible improvements and modifications of existing methods. In the field of bibliometrics there is a considerable need for such refinements due to the fact that currently there is no perfect method which could be described as "the last word" on the technique of anticipating future research directions.


In the wake of the innovative thrusts of scholastic evaluation systems comingfrom the international and European context, as well as the development inthis last decade of Learning Analytics (LA), as a new sector of Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL), the scientific approach to educational researchbroadens its horizons and invites us to understand how Research, Technology,Pedagogy and Evaluation can/should constructively dialogue.In fact, in view of the sudden development of the LA, the need to connectthe collection and analysis of data on school evaluation in direct synergywith the pedagogical and psychological principles of learning processes andthe interpersonal dynamics activated in governance emerges more andmore.The present study, starting from the political scenario and from the technologicalevolution mentioned above, aims to illustrate the pedagogical structureof the project "Valu.E for schools - Supporting school self-evaluation",promoted by INVALSI, whose purpose is to "test and evaluate the effectivenessof different training models to support school self-evaluation activities."It presents itself as an innovative heuristic purpose that opens up interestingand fertile spaces for dialogue between educational research, professionaltraining and self-evaluation of schools.


The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) and biotin on glucose, cortisol, composite insulin sensitivity index (CISI) and lipids in type 2 diabetes (T2D)‐induced rats. The model of T2D was induced by feeding a high‐fat diet (HFD, 40 % of calories as fat) and then injecting streptozotocin on day 14 (STZ, 40 mg/kg i.p.). The male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n=75, 8 weeks old) were divided into five groups. The control group received a standard diet (12% of calories as fat) while all treatment groups received a HFD for 2 weeks and then were injected with STZ: T1 Group: HFD/STZ; T2 Group: HFD/STZ and 80 mcg CrPic/kg bw.d; T3 Group: HFD/STZ and 300 mcg biotin/kg.d; and the T4 Group: HFD/STZ and 80 mcg CrPic kg bw.d and 300 mcg biotin /kg.d. for 10 weeks. T1 rats had elevated levels of serum glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), FFA, SGOT, SGPT and urea compared with the control group (P<0.001). In HFD/STZ‐induced diabetic rats (T4 group), supplemental CrPic and biotin lowered glucose levels (P < 0.001). The CISI in the T4 group significantly increased, whereas cortisol, TC, TG, FFA, SGOT, SGPT and urea levels decreased (P < 0.05). The magnitude of the responses was greatest with the combination of biotin and CrPic over that observed with each nutrient alone. Results of the present study indicate that the combination of dietary chromium (CrPic) and biotin may be beneficial for correcting hyperglycemia and reducing diabetes complications.


This research was conducted to see the readiness of students in implementing blended learning mathematics in the current transition period. Blended learning was chosen as a way of learning for students with a mixture of online and offline. This was implemented after the community evenly carried out a vaccination program from the government to prevent the Covid-19 virus. The readiness of students to take part in learning mathematics is judged by how students fill out questionnaires in the Google Form that we distribute. Students fill in several questions in the form of short questions, multiple choice with two options and several Likert scales that we have made. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method using a questionnaire technique. Respondents in this study were students at one of the Madrasah Aliyah in Wonosari, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta who were selected randomly. The result of this study indicate that students can accept learning with the Blended Learning method in this transition periodperiod with 50% no problem and 35,7% ready in this learning. However, as many as 64,3% of students want offline learning and 7,1% want online learning.  Then the remaining 28,6% of students want Blended Learning.


We consider time-discrete evolutions for a phase-field model (for fracture and damage) obtained by alternate minimization schemes. First, we characterize their time-continuous limit in terms of parametrized BV-evolutions, introducing a suitable family of "intrinsic energy norms". Further, we show that the limit evolution satisfies Griffith's criterion, for a phase-field energy release, and that the irreversibility constraint is thermodynamically consistent.


An experiment was conducted to ascertain the initial rearing period required for Horabagrus brachysoma larvae before releasing them into the nursery tank for fingerling production. Hatchlings were reared for 7, 14, or 21 days in larval rearing tanks before stocking to nursery tanks. The 7-day-old larvae were significantly smaller at the end of the 2-week nursery rearing, but over the course of nursing, the 7-day-old larvae caught up to the 14- and 21-day larvae. The specific growth rate (SGR) of 7-day larvae was highest among the three treatments. However, mortality of 7-day larvae was the highest among the groups. Hence, it appears important to rear the larvae at least 2 weeks before stocking for fingerling production so as to increase survival rate.


Interactions between proteins and DNA play a key role in many vital processes, including regulation of gene expression, DNA replication and repair, and packaging. The remarkable specificity with which proteins recognize target DNA sequences is of considerable theoretical and practical importance. In...


The seed germination rate of Prunus mongolica is up to 96%-98% when soil moisture content varies in between 4%-16%,without significant difference( P 0. 05); when soil moisture content in between 4%-13%,germination index,vigor index,days of average emergence are significantly higher than that of 16%( P 0.01),and the most suitable soil moisture for the seed germination is from 4% to 13%; with increase of soil moisture,the height of seedling will increase,but the root shoot ratio and the sound seedling index will decrease,root length,seedling growth and dry matter accumulation will increase first and then decrease; the most suitable soil moisture content for seedling growth is 7%-16%; seedling drought resistance can be improved by lower soil moisture and be good for nurturing seedlings; with increasing of sowing depth,germination rate will decrease and the average days of emergence will increase and the rate of mergence will slow down; the most suitable sowing depth is 0 to 1 cm for ensuring full stand and 1-3 cm for sound seedling. The germinated seedling is dicotyledonous seedling of hypogeal germination.


Abstract A principle that prohibits States from weakening their domestic levels of environmental protection continues to emerge at varying speeds within international trade, investment and environmental law. This article explores the principle's diverse history, rationale and legal expression in each of these domains and finds that its various articulations in different international treaties suffer the same shortfalls and deficiencies. Non-regression clauses may leave the complexities and nuances of implementing environmental protections unaddressed, including identifying and measuring when a regression has occurred and balancing these environmental protections with other legitimate policy and environmental measures. As these clauses are increasingly subject to investor–State and State–State dispute procedures, States expose themselves to heightened liability for changes to their environmental laws, even where those changes might be legitimate and reasonable. The particular emergence of this principle in environmental law offers treaty-makers an opportunity to clarify the rights of States to derogate from otherwise narrowly drafted clauses that require them to maintain their level of environmental protection strictly.


In this paper an enhanced application of chaotic synchronization to secure communications is presented. Synchronization is defined and discussed and necessary and sufficient conditions for identical synchronization are given for a relevant class of electronic of systems. These results are applied to the design of a multiplexing chaotic cryptosystem. The new system is then compared to the standard chaotic masking schemes.


One of the most interesting of the plays in the Towneley manuscript is the Processus Talentorum, Play XXIV. The central theme of the play, the gambling for Christ's coat, is present in all the gospels, in the Northern Passion, and in all the extant mystery play cycles. In the Towneley manuscript only, however, has a play come down to us devoted wholly to the theme. It is my purpose here to seek the probable steps by which this play arrived at its present state, to resolve so far as I can its stanzaic confusions, to study its possible relations to York, and to arrive at the probable date of its original composition and subsequent editings.


First-arrival traveltime tomography (FATT) applied to wide aperture seismic data has proved to be an interesting tool to investigate the earth structures. The resolution of FATT is controlled both by the theoretical resolution imposed by the first-arrival traveltimes, and the experimental device as well as the structure itself, which may lead to uneven ray coverage. The theoretical resolution power of FATT is limited by the size of the first Fresnel zone for each ray. In the area of limited ray coverage, there may be inconsistencies between the limited resolution power of FATT and the numerical sensitivity kernel of FATT corresponding to rays. Indeed, one raypath induces high frequency information along the ray, even at locations where resolution of FATT is expected to be really low. This can lead to models that have a high degree of data fitting, but which are far from reality or that contain artefacts. A classical way to account for the limited resolution of FATT is to augment the tomographic system with smoothing constraints. However, this kind of smoothing is difficult to tune and generally lacks adaptivity. Frequently, when the smoothing is tuned to remove the footprints of raypaths in poorly illuminated areas, short-scale features that could be resolved according to the resolution of FATT are smoothed accordingly, leading to a loss of information in the well-resolved areas.The resolution of FATT generally varies locally. For example, considering surface acquisition geometries, the shallow structures will be sampled both by short- and long-offset rays running across the heterogeneities with different angles while the deeper structures will be sampled by long-offset rays only, hence a much narrower range of angles. This makes the resolution of FATT decrease fast with respect to depth. Two other factors creating non uniform ray coverage are the presence of low velocity anomalies which create shadow zones in the ray coverage and non uniform source and/or receiver arrays especially in the case of passive tomography.To account for this varying resolution power, adaptive parametrizations based on non structured grids (Bohm et al. 2000) or multigrid (Zhou 2001) have been developed. The size of the elementary cells are adapted to the local ray coverage such that the amount of control to each model parameter tends to be uniform. Here, we proposed an alternative adaptive parameterization based on the wavelet transform (Mallat 1999). We discussed in an EAGE abstract (Delost et al. 2006) the possibilities offered by wavelet parametrization with a canonical synthetic example. We here present a comparison between classical smoothing regularizations and wavelet parametrization in an application to complex foothills data provided by TOTAL.


Using the life insurance industry linked data between 2001 and 2004 in China,this paper empirically studies the relationship of the market structure,cost efficiency and operating performance.It points out that the market structure of the life insurance industry in China is a type of highly concentrated-degree one.The concentrated-degree is decreasing,but the oligarch monopoly phase cannot be broken in the short term.And we estimate the cost efficiencies of the life insurers using the SFA technique.The test of the market power hypothesis and the efficiency structure hypothesis shows that the operating performance of life insurers depends much on the market structure and the cost efficiency has a negative but not distinct impact on the performance in China.And the empirical research supports the market hypothesis.


This document deals with the control government transfers system and its performance in Colombia. The emphasis is an the province of Putumayo and Mocoa, it is capital city.
The document contains four parts. The first one, introduces the concept of transfers, explaining why transfers are made and what is expected in terms of social development.
The second part considers some background on the concept of transfers. It was concluded that there plenty to do, for the system to meet it's objectives, for it was concluded that performance of the system is far from being effective.
Part three relates how the system works in Putumayo. There a lot of observation were made. This money from transfers. For this, intensive research on legal aspects was made. Also, the use of Industrial Engineering concepts was greatly emphasized.
Upon implementation of the proposed design and it's controls, it is expected that coverage and quality of services in health and educations, would improve.
Stemming from all the above, it can be stated that Industrial Engineering contributions go way beyond private enterprises. Undoubtedly, it is of use in the public sector too.


A theory numerical procedure were developed earlier to represent a real sea by the sum of many linear and second order directional wave components. Earlier publications showed that including short-crested nature of real seas could reduce design loads substantially (up to a factor of 3 for large four pile structures). Comparison of the theory with real sea data has been presented by the other investigators showing good agreement. Here, simulated second order directional wave velocities and accelerations for two directional spectra, which could be of interest to coastal and offshore engineers and scientists, are presented and their practical implications discussed. Simulations were carried out for a moderate sea state in 100 ft water depth. Directional wave kinematics (correct upto second order) at sea surface and seabed are presented and discussed, The maximum nonlinear correction is only 10% of wave height for a moderate seastate simulated here, but would be much higher for a design level seastate because the nonlinear correction is proportional to wave height squared. The second order corrections increase particle velocities under the wave crest and decrease them under the wave trough. With increasing directionality in wave spectrum, wave particle velocities and accelerations decrease in the inline direction but increase but increase in the transverse direction for a cosine-squared directional distribution are nearly equal to the maximum inline values.


The invention relates to a drive unit (10) for a continuous means of conveyance in a transfer system, comprising a housing part (16) with two side walls (17, 18) having a recess (25) respectively embodied therein. A bearing plate (31) can be respectively inserted into the recesses (25) from the upper front surface of the housing part (16). The drive shaft (37) of a driving wheel (38) for the means of conveyance is mounted in the bearing plates (31).The drive unit (10) can be used universally as a result of the inventive structure thereof and the components of said drive unit can be mounted easily.


Language contact is generally defined as the use of different languages at once in the same geographical area. From a sociolinguistic perspective, language contact is considered as a product of different social forces and can be examined with regard to a specific speech community. From a psycholinguistic perspective, languages may also be in contact inside one individual. This type of language contact is generally referred to as bi- or plurilingualism. Members of a speech community characterized by language contact may be monolingual speakers of only one of the languages in contact. This chapter aims to contribute to the discussion on how to provide sufficient and unequivocal evidence for the respective case of language change in a contact situation. For this purpose it will be questioned if the analysis of bilingual language processing provides adequate tools to investigate contact-induced language change. Keywords: bilingual language processing; contact-induced language change; plurilingualism; psycholinguistic perspective; sociolinguistic perspective


In Latin America, the proliferation of regional and multilateral agreements with integration as a purpose has generated a high flow of goods, services, and investments among these countries. From the economic perspective, the outcome is trade and, therefore, stimulus to economic growth. Information technology is a relevant parameter in this endeavor. The "digital gap" between developed countries (DC) and less developed countries (LDC) is greater than the gap in the "standard of living" between them. The uneven distribution of wealth among and within countries, and the lack of communication infrastructure and computer-based power, situate them at a transitional stage within the "knowledge-based society," which emanates social changes, and therefore new roles to be achieved by private and public institutions within the framework of social responsibility.


The fifth member (Q5) of the Upper Permian Shiqianfeng Formation in Shenmu Gasfield is been testified to be the recently found clastic gas reservoir of shallow burial depth,which has the potential of further exploration and development.The sedimentary micro-facies and the diageneses of Q5 are studied based on the data analysis of well logging,ordinary thin-section,cast thin-section,reservoir physical property,mercury-injection measurement,scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction and grain size measurement.It is held that Q5 is the deposit of sandy meandering rivers formed under the condition of dry climate,which shows the characteristics of coarse grain,low--moderate compositional and textural maturity,developed large-scale cross bedding and normal graded bed sequence.The distribution of sandbodies is controlled by the point bar microfacies of the meandering rivers.The sandstones principally undergone the diageneses of compaction,cementation and dissolution.Constructive diagenesis include:the filming cementation of chlorite restraining the secondary enlargement of quartz or feldspar and contributing to the reservation of primary intergrain pores,the contraction of illite-smectites mixed layer forming microfractures,and debris,feldspar and biotite dissolving.The diagenetic stage can be classified as from B period of early diagenesis to A period of middle diagenesis.Five diagenesis facies are discerned:the intergranular pore facies of chlorite--quartz cementation,the dissolution pore-intergranular pore facies of chlorite--quartz cementation,the microfracture facies of illite--smectite mixed layer cementation,the dissolution pore facies of siliceous cementation and the micropore facies of dense compaction.Of these,the first three are most favorable diagenesis facies.There are mainly intergrain pore and moderate--fine throat in reservoir.And there are four kinds of pore--throat assemblages:moderate pore--moderate throat,moderate pore--fine throat,low pore--moderate thoat and low pore--fine throat.The reservoir is of moderate--low porosity and moderate--super-low permeability.The microfracture improves the permeability of the reservoir.


A new compact single layer ultra-wideband patch antenna is proposed. The antenna operates from 3.05 GHz to 10.9 GHz in the ultra-wide bandwidth range, which is more than the standard, set by FCC. The planar antenna is printed on FR-4 substrate material with a relative permittivity of 4.3 los tangent of 0.025. The structure is simple in design, small in size with total dimensions of 24 mm x 24 mm x 0.9 mm, and easy to fabricate. The measurements of the fabricated design compares well with simulation results. The overall characteristics of the planar antenna show that the design is well suitable for UWB applications. The presented compact antenna demonstrates higher performance compared with similar size recently published designs.


Dioxanes derived from reassortment of carbohydrates and C-glycosides, their preparation process and their uses. # The present invention relates to compounds core dioxane carbohydrate derivatives and C-glycosides, their preparation process, the use of such compounds as cytotoxic and antiproliferative and use for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer.


Objective To study the effects for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) with soft and hard plastic mandibular advancement oral appliances(OA). Methods 20 cases of OSAS were treated with soft or hard plastic mandibular advancement OA. After three months, the chief complains include snoring and awaking (gasping or choking) and excessive daytime sleepness,overnight polysomnongraph(PSG) monitoring were done again. Results Of the mild and middle OSAS patients,83% accepted soft plastic OA, 75% accepted hard plastic OA,78% accepted soft or hard OA.The average Apnea Index(AI) decreased form 28.30 to 3.69 events per hour ( P 0.01 ). The average Rspiratory Disturbance Index(RDI or AHI) decreased from 35.25 to 8.18 events per hour ( P 0.05 ). The lowest night SaO 2 value increased from 72.71% to 85.14% ( P 0.001 ). Conclusion Soft or hard mandibular advancement OA is a successful treatment alternative to patients of OSAS.


Abstract "There was the fault of containing too much History, too little Story. I hold that a work of fiction ought to be a work of creation." So wrote Charlotte Bronte to Mr. Smith in 1852 in criticism of Thackeray's "Esmond."


Naturalistic decision making (NDM) research is focused on macrocognition - cognitive functions and processes used by experienced people working in real-world settings (Crandall, Klein, & Hoffman, 2006). These settings characterize ill-structured problems; uncertain dynamic environments; shifting, ill-defined, or competing goals; action/feedback loops; time stress; high stakes; multiple players; and organizational goals and norms (Orasanu & Connoly, 1993). Exactly such setting, with multifactorial influences on cognition, is health care. In this field evidence based medicine (EBM; Rosenberg & Donald, 1995) is preferred, representing the normative approach, sometimes difficult to meet in real-world situations. By contrast, the main idea of NDM is that professionals rely heavily on their previous experience stored in memory, as described by the Recognition-Primed Decision model (RPD model; Klein, 1997). It is viewed as the experiential basis of intuition that enables rapid recognition of situations and decisions. Simply put, intuition is recognition (Simon, 1992).Two of the primary macrocognitive functions are situation assessment and decision making (Klein et al., 2003), included in the RPD model. Situation assessment (SA) is about understanding of what is going on in the course of dynamic unfolding situations, during which elaboration of an existing SA or shifting to a new SA may occur repeatedly (Kaempf, Wolf, & Miller, 1993). From the SA viewpoint, clear situations are usually immediately identified (recognized), and ambiguous situations need to be diagnosed. In NDM, the term diagnosing has not been used only in a medical context, it has been used to express deliberative SA regarding different situational problems as well. Based on the review (Zsambok, Beach, & Klein, 1992), there are the following SA strategies included in the RPD model: pattern matching - is about matching larger observed patterns with remembered patterns of previous situations; feature matching - is about matching observed features with remembered features of previous situations; and mental simulation - is about imagining the likely causal chain of events that preceded the observed situation. Adopting the theory of two processes (Evans, 2007), pattern matching, as an intuitive process, is experiencebased, fast and cognitively effortless and mental simulation, as a deliberative process, is slower and more cognitively demanding (see Klein, 1999). Feature matching is a dominant SA strategy (Kaempf et al., 1993) that can be viewed as an intuitive process, when a decision maker immediately recognizes the features, and as a deliberative process, when a decision maker consciously notices the features and uses them to retrieve a hypothesis or to contrast different hypotheses, concerning the particular unclear situation (Zsambok et al., 1992).SA is usually followed by decision making (DM), which is defined as the selection of one option from a set of options (Klein, Calderwood, & Clinton-Cirocco, 2010) and is interleaved with acting in complex realistic situations (Orasanu & Conolly, 1993), requiring more than one decision. One way to make a decision is a straightforward identification of the situation along with an identification of the typical single option, which is usually automatically implemented. This experience-based, intuitive DM strategy, which corresponds with the RPD model, prevails in experienced people (Klein, 1999). However, when it is not clear what action to take, more cognitively demanding strategies are necessary. There are distinguished two types of option evaluation (Klein et al., 2010; Klein, Calderwood, & MacGregor, 1989): sequential evaluation, when only one option is examined at a time, and concurrent evaluation, when several options are considered at the same time. The first one is characteristic for mental simulation, as the way of imagining the likely consequences of a single option, arriving at a satisficing decision. …


The propagation mode based on the convergence zone in the deep sea is an important method for long-distance detection. In order to effectively identify the deep-sea convergence area, this paper proposes a method for identifying the deep-sea convergence area and shadow area based on the correlation matrix eigenvalue decline index of the horizontal array. The eigenvalue decline index of the correlation matrix refers to the ratio of the maximum eigenvalue to the second largest eigenvalue of the receiving signal correlation matrix, which is calculated to characterize the oscillation properties of the correlation coefficient matrix. The index can effectively characterize the oscillation characteristics of the correlation matrix in convergence area and shadow area which can be used to convergence zone and shadow zone discrimination. Simulation experiments show that setting a reasonable threshold of the eigenvalue decline index can effectively distinguish the convergence area from the shadow area.


In this study, a MEMS sensing device, which is applicable to point-of-care testing (POCT), is developed by integrating an optical manipulation and detection technique. The diffusion coefficient is a parameter, which is sensitive to the size, the construction and the interaction of the sample, thus, the measurement of the diffusion coefficient of the bio-sample, such as proteins, is useful for the clinical diagnosis to detect interactions and conformational changes with high sensitivity. Several diffusion sensing methods have been developed, however, the technique applicable to POCT is not established because of the difficulties due to the requirement of the measurement in a short time and a small sensing device. In this study, in order to realize a high-speed detection (ms ~ s) with small sample volume (~ μl) and small apparatus (tens of cm) without particular preparations, the micro optical diffusion sensor utilizing laser-induced dielectrophoresis (LIDEP), which is a manipulation technique based on optoelectronic tweezers, is developed. The microscale concentration distribution is formed in the microchannel by LIDEP and act as the transient diffraction grating, then, the diffusion phenomenon is optically observed. For these techniques, a photoconductive layer is essential and a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) deposited by a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is generally utilized as the layer. In this study, the a-Si:H is deposited using a reactive RF magnetron sputtering method under several conditions, while changing the source gas compositions. The sensing device is fabricated with proposed a-Si:H, and the feasibility study for bio-sample measurement is conducted.


The effect of inlet configuration (parallel, normal, vertical) on flow distribution in a parallel flow heat exchanger consisting of round headers and ten flat tubes is experimentally studied using air and water. The effects of tube protrusion depth as well as header mass flux, and quality are investigated for upward flow configuration. It is shown that best flow distribution is obtained for vertical inlet configuration, followed by normal inlet and parallel inlet configuration. For upward flow, significant portion of the water flows through the rear part of the header. As protrusion depth increases, more water is forced to the rear part of the header. The effect is most significant for parallel inlet, followed by normal and vertical inlet. The effect of mass flux or quality is opposite to that of the protrusion depth. Possible explanation is provided from flow visualization results.


Results of scale uncertainty simulations using metal-carbon (M-C) and metal carbide-carbon (MC-C) eutectic fixed points showed that extension of the fixed-point temperature range to above 2500/spl deg/C is the key to the improvement of the scale. From this viewpoint /spl delta/(Mo carbide)-C, TiC-C and ZrC-C eutectics were investigated by radiation thermometry. The observed melting temperatures were 2583/spl deg/C, 2761/spl deg/C and 2882/spl deg/C, respectively. The results indicate that MC-C eutectics can establish a new series of high-temperature fixed points above 2500/spl deg/C.


The Retinex theory assumes that large intensity changes correspond to reflectance edges, while smoothly-varying regions are due to shading. Some algorithms based on the theory adopt simple thresholding schemes and achieve adequate results for reflectance estimation. In this paper, we present a practical reflectance estimation technique for hyperspectral images. Our method is realized simply by thresholding singular values of a matrix calculated from scaled pixel values. In the method, we estimate the reflectance image by measuring spectral similarity between two adjacent pixels. We demonstrate that our thresholding scheme effectively estimates the reflectance and outperforms the Retinex-based thresholding. In particular, our methods can precisely distinguish edges caused by reflectance change and shadows. key words: hyperspectral image, retinex, reflectance estimation, singular values


Objective To study the effect of early postoperative enteral nutrition on patients after gastrectomy and nursing strategy. Methods Sixty patients with gastric cancer were assigned into the observation group and the control group after gastrectomy.Both groups accepted the regular nursing nutrition.The observation group also received early postoperative enteral nutritional supply 12 hours postoperation.The nutritional conditions, immune conditions, anal exsufflation and defecation and complications between two groups were recorded both preoperation and on the 8th day postoperation.χ2test and t test were used. Results On the 8th day postoperation,the observation group was better than the control group in prealbumin, serum albumin, transferrin, fibronectin and total protein,lymphocyte count, IgA, IgG and IgM.The observation group was also superior to the control group in recovery time of bowel sound, anal exsufflation and defecation, foodintake time, expense of nu-trition treatment, hospitalization time and incidence rate of complication. Conclusions The early postoperative enteral nutrition can promote nutritional condition, advance immunity, improve functional rehabilitation of gastrointestine and reduce the incidence rate of complication and hospitalization time.

Key words:
Gastrectomy;  Enteral nutrition;  Nursing


Traditional satellite positioning systems based on the GNSS observations satisfies the need for localization in the outdoors environment. Nowadays, people want to know their position also inside buildings. The traditional satellite positioning systems cannot be used in such places. But there are some new technologies that allows for indoor positioning. The alternative in those places can be for example inertial measurement systems INS or pseudolite positioning systems. Furthermore, there are also other technologies, which allow performing indoor positioning. In the last few years the concept of the RF ranging technology is developed. Positioning with the use of this technology can be based on the distance measurement (range-based positioning), or on the radio signal strength indicator. The application of RSSI based navigation in indoor positioning is presented in the paper. Some problems, that occur during the calculations, are also described and discussed.


[Objective] To measure the content of 23 inorganic elements in Panax quinquefolium L. samples from different growth years, different harvesting periods, different medicinal parts, different commercial specifications and different processed products, including Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Zn and K; To respectively count 6 trace elements that were essential to human body, including Zn, Cu, Fe, Se, Mo, Mn, and 2 toxic elements As and Hg; To investigate the medicinal value of P.quinquefolium medicinal materials from different growth years, different harvesting periods, different medicinal parts, different commercial specifications and different processed products. [Method]After P.quinquefolium medicinal materials had been digested by HNO3-H2O2, the content of all elements was measured using microwave assisted digestion-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). [Result] The average recovery rate of all elements ranged from 92.7% to 106.1% with RSD below 4.5%. All elements did not interfere with each other under the optimized experimental conditions, so they could be determined at the same time. It was discovered by principal component analysis that Al, K, Ti, B, Sn, Cd, Na, Mo and Zn were the characteristic elements of P.quinquefolium samples. As for different commercial specifications, Fe and Mn contents were relatively higher, Zn content was at a moderate level and the Cu, Mo and Se content were relatively lower. The contents of inorganic elements were higher in three-year-old samples than in two-year-old and four-year-old samples. Moreover, the contents of inorganic elements in fibrous roots were higher than those in lateral roots. Different processed products of P.quinquefolium contained higher contents of Fe and Mn. Fe content of Red RADIX PANACIS QUINQUEFOLII was significantly higher than that of White RADIX PANACIS QUINQUEFOLII. There was little difference in Mn and Zn contents. Cu, Mo and Se contents were relatively lower in P.quinquefolium samples. [Conclusion] There were no obvious correlations between the contents of 6 essential elements and growth years, harvesting periods and medicinal parts. The roots, stems and leaves of P.quinquefolium contained higher contents of Ca, K, Mg and P, as well as lower contents of Mo, Sr, Ti, Co and Cd. Hg and other toxic metal elements were not found in P.quinquefolium samples. These pointed out that the roots, stems and leaves of P.quinquefolium were safe for human body with nutritional value and medicinal value. Therefore, we suggested developing stems and leaves of P.quinquefolium Red RADIX PANACIS QUINQUEFOLII into commodities for food, medicine and veterinary use every year. In addition, it is necessary to further study Red RADIX PANACIS QUINQUEFOLII, the processed product of P.quinquefolium.


Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has served as a major medical practice in China for thousands of years. Previous research of TCM discourses has mainly focused on the aspects of medicine of the TCM practice. The present study examines the discursive construction of TCM in China's national media. Using a corpus-based approach, this study investigates the cultural implications of TCM in modern China. Data is selected from six Chinese media outlets, comprising People's Daily, Guangming Daily, China Daily, Global Times, Xinhua News Agency and Xinhua Net. Key word, collocate, N-gram, and concordance analyses are performed to look into the discursive construction of TCM's cultural values and how it relates with modern western medicine (MWM). The results show that TCM is constructed by the national media as more than a medical entity. It is a significant part of the Chinese culture with its unique status and values which are defined and backgrounded by the overall Chinese civilization. Its relationship with MWM is constructed as a collaborative partnership rather than exclusive competition. This study makes a contribution to healthcare discourse studies, especially in this crucial time of the Covid-19 healthcare crisis. © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Weixiao Wei.


"The slow lifestyle" objects to excessive consumption and waste, but advocates the design of simplicity, economy and humanity. A too speedy lifestyle will surely exert influence on people's health and not conform to the life essence, which has something in common with the viewpoint of moderate "putting-down" posed by Buddhism. It's a wise choice to "put down" those unhealthy lifestyles and designs having nothing to do with boosting life quality.


We investigate the excitation and ionization of He I and He II for the case of a realistic solar model. The calculations are based on a simplified numerical treatment of the He I and He II continua and the He II lambda304 line. We discuss the extent to which various proposed mechanisms can account for the observed line and continuum intensities. (AIP)


The premise of current welfare policies is that recipients are avoiding work and that requiring work will end welfare dependency. Unemployment is equated with labor market inexperience and economic inactivity. The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, a poor rural community with high unemployment, contradicts these assumptions. Many Lakota individuals have off-reservation wage work experience; there simply are not enough local jobs to absorb their human capital. Lakota households, however, are involved in a complex combination of socially embedded economic activities outside wage work. Imposing the premises of TANF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families) on Pine Ridge results in indirect pressures toward urban migration and cultural assimilation. Furthermore, by imposing rigid notions of work, TANF runs the risk of destroying the economic flexibility that makes survival possible for poor households in Pine Ridge. Welfare and development policies need to reflect the real economies of rural American Indian reservations rather than those of superficially assimilated and economically imagined communities


Internet-based technologies, which mark a revolutionary period in journalism, have revealed new understandings in journalism. This change in the news media has affected the established forms of production and consumption, and has transformed traditional relations and understandings. Expanding information distribution capacities and reader expectations growing, differentiating and specializing necessitate using new communication technologies more effectively. Social media platforms and online environments, which provide additional channels to reach the reader, both open new areas for news producers and reveal different usage patterns from traditional media for consumers.
The aim of the study is to investigate the trends in news production and consumption in different digital media platforms. In this context, Twitter, which functions more as a news sharing application, Instagram, which has increased in popularity in recent years, and Telegram, which stands out with its bot and channel creation features, are discussed and evaluated in terms of news production, distribution and consumption styles. The shares on the Cia Medya Telegram channel, Cia Haber Instagram page and Cia Haber Twitter page, which constitute the sample of the research, were analyzed by content analysis method, and it was concluded that the Telegram platform is used more actively in content production, distribution and interaction.


ABSTRACT Habitat use and interspecific processes are key factors shaping regional distribution as well as local activity patterns of mammals. To assess the importance of differential habitat use and interspecific processes for the distribution of local activity in Eptesicus nilssonii, a critically endangered bat species in Germany, a bat detector transect survey was conducted in central Germany. One transect end was close to a maternity roost of E. nilssonii. We compared the bats' use of habitat types and the use of distance zones centred around this maternity roost. We arranged the 11 bat species detected into four foraging categories, E. nilssonii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, larger open-space bats (Vespertilio murinus, Nyctalus noctula, Eptesicus serotinus) and narrow-space bats (Myotis species). General bat activity was highest in lake and lowest in agricultural habitats. We found significant differences in the use of habitats and distance zones between the foraging categories. However, these differences did not lead to inversed activity gradients for E. nilssonii, P. pipistrellus and narrow-space bats, and these bats were often seen to forage simultaneously at the same transect site. Open-space bats were rarely detected along our transect. We found indications that habitats and distance zones used by E. nilssonii were used considerably less by larger open-space bats. Moreover, bats of the latter foraging category were never seen to forage simultaneously with E. nilssonii. Our results provide a first indication that interspecific processes rather than habitat use may shape regional activity patterns of E. nilssonii. These interspecific processes are relevant for species conservation planning.


This paper presents ongoing research of the IDEA (Intelligent, Distributed, Environmental assessment) project. The aim is to build an extensive multi-sensor urban measurement network. The focus is on noise and air pollution caused by road traffic. The use of cheap sensors is an important prerequisite to come to implementation of such a network. The potentially lower data quality resulting from the use of cheaper sensors should then be overcome by adding intelligence to the network at various levels. A flexible network architecture was designed for the specific aims of the IDEA project. Two noise-related aspects are dealt with in more detail in this paper. Firstly, results from indoor and outdoor testing of different types of microphones are shown. Secondly, the estimation of pollutant concentrations based on noise measurements is proposed to help interpolating expensive-tomeasure air pollutants.


The present invention in the compounds useful in the prevention or treatment of dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors -Ⅳ ( "DP-Ⅳ inhibitor") and a related diabetes, and in particular, dipeptidyl peptidase -Ⅳ enzymes such as type 2 diabetes, diseases of the enzyme It relates. The invention also relates to the use of such compounds and compositions in the pharmaceutical compositions and dipeptidyl peptidase treatment or prevention of a disease -Ⅳ the enzymes involved, including the material. Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors, beta-amino-tetrahydro-imidazo (1, 2-A) pyrazine, tetrahydro-triazolo (4, 3-A) pyrazine, diastereomers, non-insulin dependent (Type 2) diabetes, HMG -CoA reductase inhibitor


This paper describes some of the planning for the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway from the operations aspect. Successful operation of a mass transit railway, especially one as busy as the MTR, requires comprehensive planning of policies and details, anticipation of every untoward incident, and development of appropriate recovery drill, training, discipline, coordination and high morale.


Ten coudé spectrograms of the variable star W Virginis have been obtained with a dispersion of 10 A/mm, which shows much more detail than the moderate dispersion hitherto available. A more detailed discussion of these spectrograms will appear later but one new fact seems sufficiently interesting to merit an immediate brief description. Recent photometric observations by G. E. Kron serve to relate the current spectrograms of W Virginis (period 17.3 days) to its light-maximum. From the time of light-maximum until phase 2.5 days practically all the absorption lines are double. At first the shortward component is very weak relative to the longward component but gains intensity until by phase 2.5 days it almost reaches equality. Between phase 2.5 and 4.5 days no observations have been made, but at phase 4.5 days only the shortward component is visible. Hence it is not yet known how the relative intensity of the two components behaves in this interval. The mean velocities for the double absorption * lines on four plates are —43 and —94 km/sec. The spectrogram at phase 4.5 days gives for its single absorption lines a velocity of —91 km/sec, nearly the same as that of the shortward component of the doublet. The velocity from these single lines gradually increases algebraically thereafter up to —40 km/sec just before maximum, about 12.5 days later. It is as if, when the star reaches maximum light, a new source of absorption lines, moving rapidly outward, develops before the old source of absorption lines with their maximum longward shift disappears. The shortward lines of the new source increase in intensity from bare visibility at maximum light nearly to equality with the longward lines from the old source, at phase 2.5 days. Only the new source produces absorption lines between phase 4.5 days and maximum light, 12.5 days later, during which interval its velocity increases about 50 km/sec.


We improve an existing OBDD-based method of computing all total satisfying assignments of a Boolean formula, where an OBDD means an ordered binary decision diagram that is not necessarily reduced. To do this, we introduce lazy caching and finer caching by effectively using unit propagation. We implement our methods on top of a modern SAT solver, and show by experiments that lazy caching significantly accelerates the original method and finer caching in turn reduces an OBDD size.


Outliers may influence the analysis of a set of data in various different ways. Some practical examples are used to motivate a categorization of the different aims in handling outliers and of the different models which might be employed to reflect the presence of outliers.


To cite this article: Prabhakar P, De T, Nagaraja D, Christopher R. Association of factor XII gene C46T polymorphism with cerebral venous thrombosis in the south Indian population. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10: 1437–9.


In order to solve the problem of detecting ECG in a form of online,dynamic and wireless,we designed a new type of ECG acquisition system using ZigBee wireless technology.In the system,Sunplus SPCE061 16bit MCU was used as the ECG acquisition's core control components,and the UBEC UZ2400 served for the Zigbee communication between acquisition node and monitor node.Meanwhile,in order to improve the on line monitoring transmission rate,we designed a simple ECG data compression algorithm,and an ECG monitoring interface of the center monitoring node by means of VC+ +.This system could realize multi-node's dynamic monitoring and could draw ECG and date analysis on the ECG interface.


In radio equipment an antenna plays a vital role for Trans receiving the signals. The transmitter antenna sends high frequency energy into space while the receiver antenna receives this energy and converts it into electricity. Radio location using signal strength is a popular method. RSS-based systems are easy implement, but the accuracy is dependent on environment and distance. Localization is a fundamental thing in mobile robot navigation. An indoor location sensing radio frequency identification (RFID) is a wireless communication technique which determines the position of a mobile robot by analysis of sensory data. In such system directional antennas can be used to boost the capacity of wireless networks. Directional antenna can concentrate its transmitting or receiving capabilities to its desired direction rather than an Omni directional antenna which radiates or receives equally in all directions. By comparing Omnidirectional antennas with directional antennas, directional antenna have many advantages such as less interference, decreased Power requirement, yearn transmission range, improved spatial reuse and network capacity. Difficulty raised in single directional antenna if the transponder was not stationary.


Lent and Brown proposed a social cognitive career self-management process model that extended prior social cognitive career theory (SCCT) content models to explain the conditions under which people will engage in career management behaviors (e.g., career exploration). We tested the SCCT self-management model in the context of workplace sexual identity management. The model hypothesizes that engagement in sexual identity management strategies in the workplace is facilitated by strong sexual identity management self-efficacy beliefs and positive outcome expectations for engaging in sexual identity management behaviors. The model also posits that additional person and contextual variables will influence engagement in sexual identity management behaviors directly as well as indirectly via self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations. Using a sample of 152 sexual minority participants drawn from community Internet mailing lists, partial and full mediation models of workplace sexual identity disclosure were tested using theoretically relevant person input (i.e., concealment motivation) and contextual (i.e., workplace climate) variables. Results supported a partially mediated model suggesting that concealment motivation and workplace climate influence workplace disclosure directly as well as indirectly through self-efficacy and positive outcome expectations. Policy and social justice implications for the results are discussed and future research directions are considered.


The present invention disclosesmethods for operationof a respiratory and/or anesthetic system.For the operation of a respiratory and/or anesthetic system the pressure release phase is started at a time point where a measured respiration flowreaches a set portion of the peak expiratory flow (%PEF) (15). At least one respiratory effect is shifted to a second time point. The respiratory flow at the second time point is used to compute the actual %PEF at the peak respiratory flow. This is adjusted to the set %PEF or the set %PEF is altered to the level of the actual %PEF.An independent claim is also included for a breathing and/or anaesthetizing apparatus.


Latin America, Modernizing on the Threshold of the 21St Century Latin America: A New Developmental Welfare State Model in the Making? In the Highlands of Ancient American Empires Mexico's Welfare State: Birth, Growth and Retrenchment (1822-2002) Social Policy in a Development Context: The Case of Peru in The Rich Shores of Late Immigrants Social Policy and Economic Regime in Argentina: Crisis and Retrenchment of Social Protection Uruguay's Social and Economic Challenges and Its Policy Responses In The Imperial Immensities, and the Revolutionary Island, of Former American Slavery


Climate change mitigation measures are a current need to achieve sustainable cities. Scientific knowledge about thermal stress of the urban fabrics with different greening patches might be useful input for urban planning and the real estate market. The purpose of the paper is to compare the thermal comfort of urban spaces with varying greenery density in the occurrence of an extreme summer event. Santiago of Chile has a mild climate, quite similar to other cities in the world so an index obtained from monitoring might be useful to share with others. Monitoring with hygro-thermometers were used to measure ambient air temperature and relative humidity on the hottest summer during the last 30 years. Infrared images such as LANDSAT 8 provides a spatial distribution of heating in middle summer 2017. The method considered both spatial and time scales to analyze thermal stress on types of outdoor spaces: a sunny one, a canyon and one in a park. Findings show proportional hygro-thermal values between those spaces. Thermal comfort is also affected by greenery density in every outdoor space reaching stress in some of them which is quite relevant under extreme summer temperatures along three decades. Some conclusions highlight ranges in values obtained from monitoring and bioclimatic tools appropriate for urban and environmental planning in order to get climate change mitigation. Matching outdoor space and greenery densities could be an interesting point for sustainable architecture and urban design.


: - The paper highlights the importance of quantification of the sustainable development at local level and the role of the synthetic indicators in this domain. We developed a methodology for a synthetic indicator at local level, proposing an Index of Sustainable Development at Local Level (ISDL) that summarizes a complex array of information. The paper also emphasize the strengths and the weaknesses of aggregate indices and how important is to not use them in isolation from more detailed information.


To participate in international competitions on concrete canoe among students at the Department of concrete and masonry structures KNUBA has been designed and manufactured concrete canoe reinforced composite reinforcement. The design of the canoe was modeled and calculated in the PC «LIRA-SAPR». The problem of this article is to determine the optimal thickness of the walls of the canoe, the composition of basalt fiber and the scheme of reinforcement of the canoe to ensure its strength and crack resistance, as well as sufficient buoyancy. To achieve the minimum weight of the canoe it is customary to use non-metal reinforcement. The dimensions of the wooden canoe were accepted for the concrete canoe project. In terms of canoeing has a lenticular shape. The total canoe length is 4,3 m and maximum width is 900 mm. The minimum height of the board is 400 mm. According to the accepted manufacturing technology, the walls and canoe bottom have a three-layer construction, consisting of an inner and outer layer of basalt fiber concrete 3… 5 mm thick and an inner layer of expanded polystyrene foam 10 mm thick. To strengthen the most intense zones in the outer layer of basalt fiber reinforced carbon mesh. In the transverse direction, transverse ribs (frames) made of expanded polystyrene 20 mm thick and 20… 30 mm high are arranged. Along the upper sides of the sides, along the keel rib and along the frames, basalt reinforcement with a diameter of 6 mm (2 rods) was installed. To calculate the canoe, its calculation model was developed in the LIRA-CAD PC. The canoe model is made in the form of a shell made of flat triangular finite elements. Linear elements were also added to model the basalt reinforcement. Linear and flat elements are rigidly connected at the nodes. According to the manufacturer, the modulus of elasticity of the rod reinforcement is 70∙10 3 MPa, and the temporary tear resistance - 1100 MPa, density -1,9 g/m 3 . The basalt fiber was adopted with a thickness of 20 mkm and a length of 50 mm. Two-component waterproofing solution SILTEK V-33/E-33 was used as the concrete matrix. The amount of basalt fiber was 3%. To determine the characteristics of basalt fiber concrete test cubes with an edge of 75 mm and samples-"eight" were made. As a result of the test, the tensile strength of basalt fiber was compressed at 8.4 MPa and the axial tensile strength was 1.8 MPa. The obtained design characteristics were used to introduce finite element stiffnesses. Canoe loading was applied on its own weight, the weight of two 80 kg paddles and hydrostatic water pressure. As a result of the calculation, mosaics of stresses were obtained. They showed the most intense zones, which were reinforced with carbon mesh. After experimental and numerical studies, we came to the conclusion that non-metallic composite reinforcement can be used in the construction of light structural elements. Such structures are absolutely not susceptible to corrosion. In the future, it is necessary to investigate structural elements that are used in the aquatic environment, such as pontoons, platforms for waterfront homes and more.


This paper presents a study of the axial strengthening of the cfrp jacketted circular hollow steel section when subjected to axial compression and paper provides numerical nonlinear simulations based on the finite element method using the software package ANSYS/Standard(15.0). Circular models are created with different wrapping schemes of different spacing and different strip width orderly 50mm,60mm,70mm and spacing of 30mm,20mm,10mm respectively.The total deformation, stress-strain behavior,strain energy are analysed and the results were compared.


Primary challenges to fine-line silver printing for solar cells are achieving high aspect ratios and uniform lines with a low level of striations. This paper compares two high-throughput printing technologies, namely, printing by screens versus stencils. A statistical method is introduced to evaluate the quality of the printed front grid based on the distributions of printed metal line profiles, line segment conductance, overall electroluminescence (EL) pattern, and solar cell light current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. The model distribution, combined with finite-element modeling to predict realistic cell-level voltage variations, adequately describes all four kinds of characteristics. It predicts well the diverging performance of screen- and stencil-printed solar cells as the line width becomes less than 50 μm. Experimentally, the highest batch average efficiency of 18.8% was achieved on 156 mm × 156 mm p-type monocrystalline silicon solar cells printed with stencils having 30-μm line openings, using only 78 mg of silver paste per cell.


The invention discloses a pixel-switching method of an image sensor. Each light-filtering unit of the image sensor covers multiple pixel units and forms a pixel structural unit. In each pixel structural unit, the pixel units in the same column use the same selection signal driver and the pixel units in the same row use different selection signal drivers. The method comprises steps of: in a normal mode, synchronously enabling pixel units in every other rows in each pixel structural unit to be exposed and synchronously enabling the selection signal drivers of the pixel units in each column to operate successively; in a night view mode, synchronously enabling the selection signal drivers of the pixel units in each column in each pixel structural unit to operate simultaneously, and synchronously enabling the pixel units in each row in each pixel structural unit to be exposed simultaneously; and reading outputs of an pixel array and combining the outputs according to a determined photographing mode in order to obtain pixel data corresponding to the photographing mode. The pixel-switching method may satisfy a requirement of photographing scenes. The invention also discloses a photographing device and a terminal.


Objective:To identify the novel GATA6 mutation associated with congenital atrial septal defect(ASD). Methods:A cohort of 110 unrelated patients with congenital ASD and a total of200 unrelated healthy individuals as controls were enrolled.Clinical data were collected and peripheral venous blood samples were prepared.Genomic DNA was extracted with DNA extraction kit.The coding exons and their flanking introns of the GATA6 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and the amplicons were sequenced with di-deoxynucleotide chain termination technique.The obtained sequences were aligned with those of GATA6 released from GenBank to identify the sequence variations.The online programs of MUSCL and MutationTaster were used to determine whether the altered amino acid was conserved evolutionarily and whether the mutation was pathogenic,respectively. Results:One novel heterozygous GATA6 mutation,p.Q363E,was identified in an ASD patient,with a mutational prevalence of roughly 0.91%.This mutation,which altered the amino acid highly conserved evolutionarily,was absent in the 200 control persons and was predicted to be disease-causing.Conclusion:This study associates a novel GATA6 mutation with congenital ASD,helping to unveil new molecular mechanism implicated in the pathogenesis of congenital ASD.


This document describes semantic search client that allows users to search in environmental documents in different languages and presents the results as organized facts. KYOTO: ICT-211423 10-2-2011 D9.2: Search Engine Client 3


Trees Outside Forest (TOF) are considered important from an environmental, economic and social perspective. Due to its spatial heterogeneity and distribution patterns, the assessment of TOF and its importance is largely absent. The current study was carried out to assess the major TOFs, carbon stocks contained and socio-economic contribution of TOFs in Banepa Municipality. A stratified random sampling method was used for the collection of data (i.e. agriculture land, settlement area and other than agriculture and settlement). Circular plots of 1,000 m2 having a radius of 17.84 m were laid out randomly in all three strata. A questionnaire survey and field observation was done to explore the socio-economic contribution of TOF. During the study, a total of 28 tree species were recorded. Socio-economic contribution of TOF were converted and presented in terms of monetary value per household per year (NRs/hh/yr), i.e. firewood (960 NRs/hh/yr), fruits (820 NRs/hh/yr), selling whole tree (5500 NRs/hh/yr), timber (25500 NRs/hh/yr) and fodder (4543 NRs/hh/yr). About 23% of the TOF are mostly used for fodder collection and the other 23% of TOF for fruit collection. The total carbon stock was calculated to be 5.76 ton/ha (1.39ton/ha in agriculture land, 2.09ton/ha in the settlement area, and 2.27 ton/ha in other than agriculture or settlement) in the study area and the average carbon stock was calculated to be 1.92 ton/ha. Species-wise carbon stock was calculated where Prunus cerasoides and Alnus nepalensis were found to have a higher contribution in carbon storage. Hence, there is a visible impact of TOF in carbon storage and socio-economic improvement of local people.


We present results of calculations of the total inelastic photon-air cross sections at ultrahigh energies (up to 10{sup 8} GeV in the laboratory) of relevance to on-going cosmic-ray experiments. The calculations take into account the high-energy QCD structure of the photon and are performed for a variety of photon and proton structure functions. The total inelastic photon-air cross section is obtained from the photon-proton jet cross section via an eikonalization procedure using a QCD-based diffractive model. The results are discussed in the context of the apparent excess muon content of air showers associated with point sources.


ABSTRACT Framed by the diffusion of innovations theory, this paper explored the adoption of natural language processing (NLP) in professional sport. NLP, the ability for computer algorithms to be trained for pattern recognition in text data, is of key interest given the surge in text data available for sport business use. Ninety-one teams (73.98%) from the "Big Four" North American professional sports leagues: the National Football League (NFL; 68.75%), the National Basketball Association (NBA; 76.67%), Major League Baseball (MLB; 73.33%), and the National Hockey League (NHL; 77.42%) participated. A multiple methods approach utilizing a discrete derivative of the Bass model, integrative literature review and qualitative description uncovered the mechanisms, timing and key influences surrounding NLP diffusion. The findings highlight NLP diffusion at near peak adoption for the professional sport industry, reveal the organizational influences catalyzing the adoption timing, and create the context for academics and practitioners to embrace NLP. HIGHLIGHTS The discrete Bass model findings highlight natural language processing (NLP) diffusion at near peak adoption. Full NLP adoption for the professional sport sample is predicted for 2031. Key NLP adoption influences were multi-faceted from business processes to personnel.


In order to cope with the fire disaster in the main ventilation roadway,researched into plume dispersion in the ventilation system after belt and electrical apparatus fire in the intake airflow roadway.Mine fire emergency rescue system was established,through preinstalling many groups of remote monitoring air doors,in the crossheading between two main intake airflow roadways set up normally open air door,and set up blocking air door between the intake and return airflow roadway.During the disaster through remote monitoring to close the normal open air door and open the blocking air door,so as to prevent smoke from the working area,but import it into return airflow roadway.Established mathematical-physical model using fire dynamic simulation software of FDS to simulate and contrast the change of the smoke flow movement path before and after starting emergency rescue system.Under the conditions of point and line fire,simulated fire spread,smoke movement and temperature distribution,in order to guide ground to monitor and control the smoke underground,and prove the feasibility and practicality of emergency rescue system.


Production scheduling is the basic of production management.In order to improve the utilization of production lines,the scheduling could be optimized by using simulation.The process of pressing production lines and scheduling requirements in an automobile manufacturing enterprise were analyzed,and some reasonable assumptions were proposed.The simulation model of production scheduling was created with the ideas of time cost minimizing.Implementation of simulation algorithm was discussed in detail based on the design principles of the algorithm.At last the functions of such a system were introduced,and an example of scheduling was giving,which showed that the system can gain an appropriate schedule scheme,and be suitable for scheduling problem of pressing production lines.


This paper studies several problems of search in the two-dimensional plane for mobile intruders or evaders. In each case, both the searcher and evaders are assumed to have bounded velocities, with the velocity of the searcher greater than that of the evaders. The searcher has a sensor with a circular footprint which allows it to detect any evaders within the sensor radius. Unlike much of the past work done in search theory, the proposed strategies make no assumptions about the motion of the evaders, and are guaranteed to succeed for any trajectory of the evaders. The three problem formulations studied include the search for mobile targets through a linear corridor, the search for or bounding of mobile targets which start inside of a circular region, and the prevention of mobile targets from entering a circular region. The extension of the proposed strategies for multiple searchers is also discussed


This study was conducted to determine the bacterial composition and its effect on Artemia performance in various Artemia biomass culture conditions. Newly hatched Artemia franciscana were cultured in 1.5L


This presentation focuses on the evolution of the post-drilling phase of the oilfield. We will begin with the conventional single stage vertical market, and transition to the contemporary multi-stage high-efficiency landscape. An analysis of the regional infrastructure based around the transportation of required materials in a high consumption hydraulic fracturing market will be discussed with examples given. Alternative material sources will be discussed, and weighted based on their ability to effect the end product to the customer. Lastly, methods to track and improve the efficiency of the service company/operator partnership will be presented and discussed.


This article was requested by the editor following earlier articles 1 in the Journal which discussed some of the pressing questions facing revenue-gatherers and governments in today's technologically driven economy. These articles noted that the relationship between taxation and technology has always been interactive, complex, and dynamic. The BEPS Action Plan, which the G20 endorsed in July 2013, focused particularly on how the spread of the digital economy poses challenges for international taxation.2 Action 1 is relevant in practical terms to New Zealand's goods and services tax (GST) system at present, as the government has recently taken legislative action to address the gaps hitherto existing in the GST treatment of certain types of electronic transactions. In this article the discussion focuses on the GST changes in the context of the OECD's guidelines.


Corporate governance is an instrument with which we try to contain and control the conduct of capital that is presently flowing across and over national borders, sometimes to bring in the much-needed economic development but on many occasions creating havocs. There are cases of good governance by Tatas, Microsoft, Maruti Udyog Ltd., etc. Now, we hear about bungling in BEML to push the sale of substandard trucks to the Indian Army. In the past couple of years we have heard quite a lot about the debacle of giant corporations both nationally and internationally. There has been failure of Lehman Brothers in the USA which triggered a credit crunch in financial market leading to economic recession all over the world. Later we heard about the collapse of Satyam Computers in India. Even earlier also there have been collapses of the giant corporations. The root cause for this debacle is the financial mismanagement of the companies or simply it can be stated as financial scandals. Therefore these financial scams clearly establish the vulnerability of corporations to manipulations by unscrupulous managers and also that there is a potential risk involved in corporate governance if proper model of financial management is not adopted and implemented. Queen Elizabeth visited the London School of Business in October 2008 and asked the Professors there why nobody watched the issue of credit crunch even though it was a universal problem. To which a Professor of Economics replied that the 'financial wizards' lacked imagination. This is, in fact, another kind of risk involved in corporate governance. The paper presents the all aspects of corporate good and misgovernance, the relationship between company's management, its board, its shareholders and its stakeholders and identifies the various forms of risks in the governance of corporations. It presents a thorough analysis of financial management, the loopholes in its mismanagement, and suggests ways of mitigating risk involved in accounting procedures and ensuring transparency thus avoiding total collapse of the corporations.


A fluorine-containing starch paper-sizing agent is prepared from cationic tapioca starch substrate and a fluorine-containing monomer with ammonium sulfite as initiator and S200 as emulsifier through inverse emulsion copolymerization.The influences of synthetic conditions on the graft copolymer are studied.The optimal conditions of preparation are obtained as follows:95.23 mmol/L of the initiator,2∶2.5 of the rate of F-containing monomer to starch,45℃ of reaction temperature,4 hours of reaction time.Under above optimal conditions the grafting percentage can be 83.52%,with a grafting efficiency of 85.57% and monomers conversion ratio of 87.89%.


The evolution of digital libraries from traditional libraries is the inevitable trend in the development of modern libraries, however, the complex libraries is an indispensable historical phase in the course of the development. The author also points out the correct attitude that people should adopt in this article.


This communication shows that if a ternary threshold function is mapped on the unit circumference and is then expanded in a series using the orthogonal system of Chrestenson functions, a sub-spectrum of 2n+1 elements exists which uniquely characterises the function.


e20634Background:The tumor immune environment is integral in lung cancer progression. Cancer cells attract neutrophils through chemokine signaling pathyways into the tumor stroma. Neutrophils promote angiogenesis, metastasis and inhibit apoptosis whereas lymphocytes assist with tumor defense. Increased peritumoral neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to mediate T cell anergy and tumor immune evasion. In solid tumor pre-clinical models, elevated blood NLR correlates with increased tumor neutrophil infiltration and decreased CD3(+) T-cell infiltration. Immunotherapy is a promising anticancer strategy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). We hypothesized that peripheral blood NLR could serve as a predictive marker for clinical benefit (CB) from this intervention. Methods:A single institution retrospective analysis of 81 patients with NSCLC treated with Nivolumab from July 2015 to November 2016. Each patient's NLR was calculated prior to starting Nivolumab. A cut-off of 5 categorized NLR as hi...


Summary A study is reported concerning the influence of litter size in rats on the estimated milk yields and litter weight gains on days 14 to 20, and on the DNA of the mammary glands on day 20. On day 14 of lactation, the mean milk yield increased from 5.6 g with 2 to 16.4 g with 12 in the litter. The milk yield in most groups increased until the 18th day, then decreased on day 20. The milk available/pup on day 14 was 2.8 g for the 2-pup litters and declined gradually to 1.4 g for the 12-pup litters. The litter weight on day 14 was 68.3 g for litters of 2 and increased gradually to 287.1 g for litters of 12. The gain per pup was greatest for litters of 2 and then declined with increasing litter number. At the 20th day, the DNA for litters of 2 was 8.9 mg/100 g bw and increased gradually with increasing litter size to 13.6 mg for litters of 12. The RNA also increased with increasing litter size up to 10.


Radio astronomical observations are increasingly contaminated by radio frequency interference (RFI), rendering the development of effective RFI suppression techniques a pressing task. In practice, the existence of model mismatch makes the observing environment more challenging. In this paper, we develop a robust astronomical imaging method in the presence of RFI and model mismatch. The key contribution of the proposed method is the accurate estimation of the actual signal steering vector by maximizing the beamformer output power subject to a constraint that prevents the estimated steering vector from converging to the interference steering vectors. The proposed method is formulated as a quadratically constrained quadratic programming problem that can be solved using efficient numerical approaches. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The charge-density-wave ~CDW! transitions in compounds R5Ir4Si10 (R5rare-earth element ! have been studied by x-ray-diffraction and electrical conductivity experiments for temperatures between 20 and 300 K. At TCDW incommensurate CDW's @qW 5(60.256d)cW* with d'0.03] develop in compounds with R5Ho, Er, Tm, and (Lu0.16Er0.84), while commensurate CDW's@qW 5(n/7)cW* # develop in compounds withR5Lu and (Lu0.34Er0.66). TCDW varies between 83 K inR5Lu and 161.4 K inR5Ho. The compounds with an incommensurate CDW exhibit a second transition at Tlock-in,TCDW , with Tlock-in between 55 K inR5Er and 111.5 K in R5Tm. In Ho5Ir4Si10 and Er5Ir4Si10 this is a pure lock-in transition at which d becomes zero. In Tm5Ir4Si10 and (Lu0.16Er0.84)5Ir4Si10 d also becomes zero, but below Tlock-in additional satellite reflections have been discovered, at commensurate positions ( n/8)cW* in Tm5Ir4Si10 and at incommensurate positions (n/86d2)cW* with d2'0.01 in (Lu0.16Er0.84)5Ir4Si10. The development of this second CDW can be understood by a two-step mechanism similar to the mechanism for the development of the primary CDW in Er 5Ir4Si10 @Galli et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 158~2000!#. At Tlock-in the primary CDW becomes commensurate, leading to a partly restoration of the Fermi surface, as evidenced by an anomalous decrease of the electrical resistivity for T belowTlock-in in Ho5Ir4Si10 and Er5Ir4Si10. The modified Fermi surface then provides the favorable nesting conditions for the development of a second CDW in Tm 5Ir4Si10 and (Lu0.16Er0.84)5Ir4Si10. The electronic character of this transition is suggested by the anomalous increase of the resistivity for T below Tlock-in .


Control of the warp and weft yarn tension is an important factor. In this research, effect of warp yarn tension variations on the quality of greige and dyed woven fabrics was investigated. Six fabric samples (three Plain and three Twill weaves) were woven on shuttle loom at varied warp yarn tension. The fabric samples were then pre-treated and dyed (Drimarene Red Cl 5B, 3% owf) using laboratory singeing machine and HT dyeing machine. Greige fabric quality such as fabric inspection, fabric length, fabric width, GSM (Gram per Square Meter), EPI (Ends per Inch), PPI (Picks per Inch), and dyed fabric quality such as L*, a*, b*, C, h o , (K/S) λ λ λ λ λmax and fastness properties were assessed according to the standard. It has been observed that fabric samples, both Plain and Twill weave; woven at improper warp yarns tension gives rejected greige fabric quality and 1-7% lower (K/S) 550nm values as compared to the fabric weave at requisite warp yarn tension such as 38-39cN for Plain fabric and 78cN for Twill fabric for 42x38 and 64x36 tex construction. Hence, among other weave faults, warp yarn tension variation has influence on the greige fabric quality as well as caused improper and uneven dyeing behavior.