To ensure autonomous underground mining vehicles moving smoothly underground, path generation and navigation for vehicles are essential. This paper comes up with a method to generate trajectory and navigate the vehicles with laser beams. To give vehicles planned path, a map of the working area is needed. With the assistance of an offline path planning software, operators can make or modify the path and transmit it to the base stations for guidance. After path generation and transmission, the system could start positioning and navigating mining vehicles. Navigation experiments which were performed with a base station and a mining vehicle in an indoor simulated roadway show the method can be applied to practical underground mining vehicles.


Real-world applications often generate huge amount of data streams,which chal- lenges efficient processing and mining due to its special characteristics.As a fundamental problem in data stream mining,frequent pattern mining techniques employed in these ap- plications should be efficient in terms of space usage and execution time while providing a high quality of yields.This has received considerable attention in the past few years due to its research value and increasing amount of importance in numerous applications.The purpose of this paper is to review the recent work in frequent pattern mining under data stream environments,and summarize its characteristics and algorithms in general.With taxonomy,we dissertate the existing algorithms from probabilistic and deterministic bounds on error,respectively.Throughout the detailed review,some comparisons and evaluations are performed.Finally,future directions in data stream mining research are discussed.


Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are responsible for degradation of extracellular matrix and play important roles in cell migration, proliferation, and tissue remodeling related to airway inflammation. Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) has been shown to induce MMP‐9 production in many cell types and contribute to airway inflammatory responses. However, the mechanisms underlying MMP‐9 expression induced by IL‐1β in human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of p42/p44 MAPK, p38 MAPK, JNK, and NF‐κB pathways for IL‐1β‐induced MMP‐9 production in HTSMCs. IL‐1β induced production of MMP‐9 protein and mRNA in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner determined by zymographic, Western blotting, and RT‐PCR analyses, which was attenuated by inhibitors of MEK1/2 (U0126), p38 MAPK (SB202190), JNK (SP600125), and NF‐κB (helenalin), and transfection with dominant negative mutants of MEK1/2, p38 and JNK, respectively. IL‐1β‐stimulated phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPK, p38 MAPK, and JNK was attenuated by pretreatment with U0126, SB202190, SP600125, or transfection with these dominant negative mutants of MEK, ERK, p38 and JNK, respectively. Furthermore, IL‐1β‐stimulated translocation of NF‐κB into the nucleus and degradation of IκB‐α was blocked by helenalin. Finally, the reporter gene assay revealed that MAPKs and NF‐κB are required for IL‐1β‐induced MMP‐9 luciferase activity in HTSMCs. MMP‐9 promoter activity was enhanced by IL‐1β in HTSMCs transfected with MMP‐9‐Luc, which was inhibited by helenalin, U0126, SB202190, and SP600125. Taken together, the transcription factor NF‐κB, p42/p44 MAPK, p38 MAPK, and JNK that are involved in MMP‐9 expression in HTSMCs exposed to IL‐1β have now been identified. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 759–770, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The aim of this project is to design the flat slab using IS method manually in which Overall Depth and Negative and Positive Reinforcement for Longer and Shorter span are determined. An attempt is made to find the percentage error for overall depth and reinforcement in ANN. For a given unknown Input ANN will predict the output.ANN is trained by Input & output obtained from spreadsheet designed as per IS method to arrive at optimum solution using artificial neural network based on back-propagation network is to be used.


The great diversity in Pakistani folklore is evident from the distinguishedvariety of cultural folk assets of each province of Pakistan. The current paperexplores and analyses the most popular folklores, in the genres of both proseand poetry from the perspective of quest for identity. The paper tries to findout the answer to the question if Pakistani cultural heritage of oral traditioni.e., folklores have quest for identity or go beyond that. The paper alsoexplores the motives behind the search for identity. The translated folkloresare then analyzed qualitatively using interpretive method, particularly throughthe perspective of hermeneutic-interpretive research based on performancetheory of folklores. Hermeneutic-interpretive research technique is chosenhere because the folklores are based on the ideological and cultural traditionsof a specific region, and the proper understanding requires the study in thespecific relevant domain of hermeneutics. This research is important for thepropagation, preservation and revival of Pakistani culture as presentedthrough folklores. This research aims at developing the interest and draw theattention of researchers on cultures and traditions to revive and enliven therichness and fertility of varieties in Pakistani culture


The traditional role played by the diplomatic personnel has been expanded to include new demanding roles and activities, among them, economic diplomacy. This growing interest in economic diplomacy does not always meet with the expected understanding and preparedness. This study looks at the broad dimensions of economic diplomacy as well as the practical and policy implications for strategy in the conduct of economic diplomacy. Both realism and liberalism have been used as approaches to a better understanding of this subject; realism on the one hand, embodied in the pursuit of national economic interests and states as actors amid competition; and, liberalism on the other hand, embodied in domestic and international cooperation, partnerships and participation of non-state actors. Desktop research was complimented by participant observation in order to collate the relevant information and thus highlight some of the aspects of economic diplomacy. The study calls for a multidisciplinary approach in order to effectively maximize on economic gains. This is vital due to the diverse nature of economic opportunities and avenues for economic diplomacy in the search for economic growth and economic development of a country. Economic diplomacy takes into consideration various development needs as well as interests touching on national economic development and economic growth. This means, therefore, that economic diplomacy is much broader than international trade, much more involving and tied very much to the everyday conduct of diplomatic activities. The challenge is tg> understand what inclusive economic diplomacy entails, the interests at stake, the actors involved, the domestic and international influences and how


In a recent paper Pesce et al. (1) described an enzymatic method for determination of inorganic phosphate in nondeproteinized sera and urines. The first step of this method involves use of glycogen and phosphorylase (EC 220.127.116.11) to esterify the inorganic phosphate. Both serum and urinary amylases (EC 188.8.131.52) hydrolyze glycogen (2), and therefore an assay in which glycogen is used as substrate would be expected to yield spuriously low values for inorganic phosphate in sera or urines with high amylase activities. Indeed, Fawaz and Tejirian (3), using a similar method, reported that the serum of a patient with severe pancreatitis appeared to be almost devoid of inorganic phosphate. In view of the above, low inorganic phosphate values obtained by the method of Pesce et al. (1) have to be regarded with caution, unless the presence of high amylase activity has been excluded or the sera and urines have been deproteinized.


Parametric image classification methods are usually complex because they require intensive training. Therefore, non-parametric Nearest Neighbour (NN) classifiers are preferred in many cases. Naive Bayes Nearest Neighbour (NBNN) and its modified version, local NBNN, are recently proposed classifiers that present decent performance with reduced complexity. They compute image-to-class (I2C) distance instead of image-to-image (I2I) distance. As a result, local image features will not be quantised and the effectiveness of classifiers thereby stays in a relatively good level. In this thesis, NBNN and local NBNN are further improved. With the idea of fully taking advantage of contextual information, we use saliency detectors to classify local features of reference images into foreground and background. We base our I2C distance computation on foreground and background separately. The suggestions from these distances can make label estimation more reliable. Though the times of I2C distance computation have been increased for each query image, we accelerate our classification procedure based on the evidence that the performances of NBNN and local NBNN are hardly affected when enough anchor points, which are produced by clustering, are put into use to replace the large number of referring features in each class. On the basis of the novel works stated above, the proposed context-aware methods outperform NBNN or local NBNN in both accuracy and efficiency. The comparisons have been made on three databases: Pami-09, Caltech-5, and 15-Scene.


Moving trapped-ion qubits in a microstructured array of radiofrequency traps offers a route towards realizing scalable quantum processing nodes. Establishing such nodes, providing sufficient functionality to represent a building block for emerging quantum technologies, e.g. a quantum computer or quantum repeater, remains a formidable technological challenge. In this review, we present a holistic view on such an architecture, including the relevant components, their characterization and their impact on the overall system performance. We present a hardware architecture based on a uniform linear segmented multilayer trap, controlled by a custom-made fast multi-channel arbitrary waveform generator. The latter allows for conducting a set of different ion shuttling operations at sufficient speed and quality. We describe the relevant parameters and performance specifications for microstructured ion traps, waveform generators and additional circuitry, along with suitable measurement schemes to verify the system performance. Furthermore, a set of different basic shuttling operations for dynamic qubit register reconfiguration is described and characterized in detail.


A series of chiral nematic copolymers were prepared based on the new mesogenic unit cis-1,5-cyclooctylene bis(p-hydroxybenzoate) (COHB). The copolymers were prepared by linking COHB coupled with (+)-3-methyladipic acid to COHB units combined with terephthalic acid and its bromo and nitro derivatives. A biphasic region was observed in most of the samples which made phase diagrams more difficult to establish. Mesophase stability could normally be sustained up to 50 mol-% content of the methyladipic acid group in the copolymer. They were also sensitive to both temperature changes and shearing forces.


The embodiment of the invention provides a drive circuit and a drive method of an AMOLED (Active Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode), and a display device, and relates to the field of display manufacturing. The driving current supplied by a driving tube is not affected by a threshold voltage by compensating the threshold voltage of the driving tube, thus the consistency of the driving current is increased, and an LED (Light Emitting Diode) can shine stably. The drive method of the AMOLED comprises the following steps of: charging a storage capacitor, starting to discharge after the storage capacitor is fully charged, forming the threshold voltage to compensate the threshold voltage of the driving tube, and supplying stable driving current for an OLED by the driving tube. The drive circuit and the drive method of the AM-OLED and the display device, which are provided by the embodiment of the invention, are used for the manufacturing of the AMOLED.


Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) is subsumed class of Wireless Networks. Sensors are utilised in vehicles for monitoring physical variables or environmental conditions with ease. The main task of each sensor incorporated is to acquire respective data from the surroundings. The unit (node) which collects the data from the sensor processes it into meaningful information. In a vehicular network such information is sent to other nearby vehicles for various purposes, such as indication of very close vehicles. The ability to route the packet to the next node is the foremost requirements of such vehicular networks. One of the main issues to be addressed in VANET is congestion. When a sudden burst of traffic is detected, the nodes need to forward it towards the destination. The node that is forwarding may also have some packets to be delivered from it. The outgoing packets and transitory packets lead to buffer overflows at a node which in turn lead to packet drops and finally degrades the overall network performance. Congestion control schemes are essential in such situations to increase network performance and ensure a fair use of the resources. This paper proposes a congestion control scheme distributed across the transport, network and MAC layers that can detect and avoid congestion in the network. It provides priority based traffic scheduling with a dual queue scheduler whichfavours transitory packets. When congestion is detected based on the buffer occupancy, source sending rate is updated by the sink periodically with the help of dual queues and route the packets through less congested paths.


In a recent article (AA 88:115-128, 1986) Upham forwarded a number of questionable conclusions regarding the introduction of smallpox in the American Southwest. Particularly distressing is Upham's assertion that we lack evidence from the early historic period of European-introduced diseases, particularly smallpox (pp. 123-124, 125). While a shortage of data does exist for some areas and time periods, Upham as well as other Southwesternists have overlooked historical evidence of dis-


Benthic primary production in the mangrove and non mangrove areas were studied for one year from Feb 1998 to Jan 1999. Mangrove area recorded higher benthic primary productivity, chlorophyll - a, phaeopigments, phytoplankton biomass, sediment nutrients and organic carbon than non mangrove area. Benthic primary productivity has got significant correlation coefficient with temperature of water and sediment, salinity, phytoplankton and chlorophyll - a of the sediment. Seasonally, premonsoon period recorded higher phytobenthic production followed by postmonsoon and monsoon season.


Police-suspect interrogation is a strategically adversarial engagement thatinvolves tactical deployment of a variety of discourse strategies. This situationbecomes more complex in a multilingual context like Nigeria where the interlocutorshave the opportunity of expressing their communicative intents in a multiplicity ofcodes. This paper focuses on the pragmatic ways code-switching (CS) is deployedby interrogators and suspects as a socio-pragmatic discourse strategy to achievetheir institutional and personal goals. We will see that CS is used persuasively, asinterrogators and suspects negotiate from positions of power and inferiority, drawingon socio-cultural norms and expectations. 30 audio-recorded interrogations at theỌ̀̀yọ́and Oǹdó state commands of the Nigeria Police form the primary data. All theinterrogations were conducted primarily in Nigerian English and the subjects were18 years or above. CriticalDiscourse Analysis and CommunicationAccommodationTheory are adopted for analysis and discussion. Findings show that code-switchingis employed with different effects for different participants: for interrogators to warn,threaten, and perform verbally aggressive acts that attack suspects' self-worth; forsuspects to plead for mercy and to blame-shift; and for both to boost credibilityand authority, and to highlight socio-cultural shared knowledge. Swearing andcursing also take place within CS with suspects using self- and other-cursing toindicate sincerity and to try to persuade interrogators to believe their claims andwith interrogators swearing to express their commitment and determination to followthrough with a course of action. CS is, therefore, seen as a marked and strategiccommunicative alignment that is motivated by institutional and personal goals andused for persuasive purposes


gated the labor managed firm under condi tions of imperfect competition. In that short run model, he postulated that members of the collective attempt to maximize average net income per worker. While Meade's stylization has intuitive appeal, an alternative hypothesis is that directors also prefer to operate large enterprises, particularly if size is associated with either political clout or enhanced pres tige.1 Following Brown and Revankar [2], such a bifurcation of objectives can be captured by assuming that directors maximize a utility function which contains both net average in come per worker and total revenue as argu ments.2 This goal is achieved by directors' ability to influence collective membership.


Drawing on the new interest in global history, drug and alcohol scholars have increasingly taken an international approach to their topics. The literature on the spread of alcohol and drugs around the world and on the development of international control regimes has grown rapidly.* To capitalize on this growing field, the 4th International Alcohol and Drug History Conference, held in August 2007 at the University of Guelph, cenetred on the theme of Global Approaches. The conference attracted participants from across the world, and paid particularly careful attention to the international trade in drugs and alcohol, the development of the international control regimes, and the impact of colonialism and neo-colonialism on the cultures of drug and alcohol use.This special issue of Contemporary Drug Problems focuses on global trade in alcohol and drugs, and attempts to suppress their use in different national contexts. Another set of articles from the conference is being published in Social History of Alcohol and Drugs. We are very grateful for generous support provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Associated Medical Services, the Alcohol and Drug History Society, the University of Guelph's College of Arts and History Department, and for the labor provided by the anonymous reviewers.Several of the articles focus on attempts by colonial authorities to regulate the sale and production of drugs. Ian Tyrrell examines American efforts to control alcohol and opium in the Philippines. Missionary and temperance groups lobbied hard to have the United States (US) adopt strict controls on opium. These controls provided the U.S. with the moral authority to pursue opium regulation internationally and to strengthen ties with China. By contrast, the lobbyists assumed a pragmatic position towards alcohol and were satisfied by the administration's efforts to control the number of drinking establishments through licensing. Simon Heap examines the difficulties that the British colonial government in Nigeria had in enforcing the ban on local homemade gin, or ogogoro. Import figures of sugar make it clear that illicit distilling was widely practiced despite British efforts to eradicate it. In a similar vein, Ashley Wright's article on colonial Burma demonstrates how British policies from 1826 to 1881 were rife with contradictions and inconsistencies. In pursuit of stable and profitable colonial rule, British opium legislation treated the ethnic groups in Burma differently from one another.Two articles examine interactions between the international drug trade and local communities. …


Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Pp. 306. Gratis. These four books are concerned in various degrees with mathematics, the use of mathematics, and the teaching of mathematics. The first two can be had by the usual channels, the other two are available without charge to serious inquirers from O.E.C.D. Publications, 2, Rue Andre-Pascal, Paris, 16.


: Automated Classification of signals for medical diagnosis is a key research area in signal processing application domains. This paper deals with the classification of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal for the detection of epileptic seizures. The EEG signal is decomposed using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for feature representation which is used as input to a classifier. The classifier is an artificial neural network (ANN) trained with population based meta-heuristic algorithms such as particle swarm optimization(PSO), gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and hybrid PSO and GSA. The algorithms are tested on a publicly EEG signal database and a comparative analysis is provided. The results showed that the ANN trained with hybrid PSO and GSA i.e. ANNPSOGSA performs better in terms of classification accuracy and mean square error (MSE).


In the development of science and technology, frequency conversion governor using digital technology to improve their own application accuracy and reliability, from the perspective of practical development, both have strong mechanical and electrical performance, and can improve the protection function, independent diagnosis shows the location of the fault. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses how to use frequency conversion governor to optimize the control of large oil system, instead of the traditional sense of regulating valve and self-regulating valve scheme. The final empirical results show that the new design scheme is not only simple and effective, but also has a strong control effect, and the economic benefits are in line with the needs of technological development in the new era.


Objective To investigate the change in the anterior chamber angle and to analyze its related factors of phakic posterior chamber implantable collamer lens (PPC-ICL) implantation.Methods Twenty-six moderate and high myopic patients (45 eyes) who received PPC-ICL implants from March 2013 to April 2014 were included in this prospective study.The mean follow-up time was 4.3±3.2 months.Anterior chamber angle (ACA),anterior chamber depth (ACD),corneal curvature,and vault were measured with a Pentacam preoperatively and postoperatively.Corneal horizontal diameter and axial length (AL) were measured with IOLMaster.Visual acuity (VA),spherical equivalent (SE) and intraocular pressure were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively.The data were analyzed with a matching t test,Wilcoxon signed rank test,Pearson correlation analysis,Spearman rank correlation and multiple regression analysis.Results The ACAs at 3:00 preoperatively and postoperatively were 43.23°±5.72° and 27.44°±5.24°.There was a significant difference between them (Z=-5.841,P<0.01).A positive correlation was found between the ACA change at 3:00 and vault (r=0.556,P<0.01) and preoperative ACA at 3:00 (r=0.530,P<0.01).The correlation equation for postoperative ACA is ACApo=4.860-0.009 vault±0.621 ACApr (F=20.032,P<0.01).The ACAs at 9:00 preoperatively and postoperatively were 42.40°±5.81° and 26.82°±4.73°.This is also significantly different (t=20.890,P<0.01).A positive correlation was also found between the ACA change at 9:00 and vault (r=0.581,P<0.01) and preoperative ACA at 9:00 (r=0.626,P<0.01).The correlation equation for postoperative ACA is ACApo=5.767-0.008 vault+0.586 ACApr (F=24.775,P<0.01).Conclusion The horizontal ACA narrowed significantly postoperatively.Preoperative ACA and vault were positively correlated with the change in ACA.

Key words:
Phakic intraocular lenses;  Myopia,degenerative;  Pentacam;  Anterior chamber angle ;  Vault


The present invention can detect if one or more input / output connections around the methods and gap detecting the bacteria, and one or more bacteriophages in contact with the cognate target in a liquid sample providing well devices - nano having one or more bacteriophages in triggering or around the gap catching of such electrical field fluctuations.


ABSTRACT The Ark Encounter (AE) is a tourist site that opened July 2016 in Kentucky, which features a replica of Noah's ark. I argue that the AE is a material exemplar of the apocalyptic genre, because it makes fear of the second coming present and physical for visitors. Employing a material rhetorical analysis and participant observation, I analyze how the AE constructs an apocalyptic argument based on the topoi of authority, evil, and time. Through its material, visual, and linguistic elements, the AE promotes adherence to a specific Christian identity that includes belief in creationism.


Australian intertidal ecology, in common with that of other continents, has been studied more intensively in the past few years than at any other period. The present contribution reviews the work done in the eastern Australian states of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Particular reference will be made to the effect of oceanographical and physical factors on the distribution of belt-forming species as well as on some of the more common non-belt-forming species. I gratefully acknowledge the work, upon which I have drawn freely, of Pope (1943), Dakin, Bennett & Pope (1948), Bennett & Pope (1953), Endean, Kenny & Stephenson (1956) and Endean, Stephenson & Kenny (1956). The terminology used is that of Stephenson & Stephenson (1949) and Guiler (1953).


The theoretical justification and the practical recommendations for the formation of the architecture of the economic space of the region are proposed and grounded in article. The modern views of scientists on the elements of the architecture of the economic space, the features of the economic space and it influence on the effectiveness of the functioning of the regions are analyzed. The legislative framework defining the principles of the territorial system of Ukraine is characterized. The influence of decentralization on the formation of the economic space of the regions of Ukraine was assessed. The regional disintegration is the most dangerous consequence of the imperfect organization of the economic space. The regional disintegration and the national macroeconomics destructiveness lead to the emergence of significant socio-economic disparities, uneven economic growth, disruption of the processes of economic reproduction and the corresponding reproductive proportions as at the regional and national levels. The transformation of economic space in Ukraine is analyzed by the levels. The list and general characteristics of the features of the modern economic space are given. There are the following:1) economic space is formed within the geographical space; 2) unity (legislative, political, informational, monetary and currency; institutional, fiscal, etc.); 3) integration (common labor, capital, goods and services market); 4) cyclical functioning and development; 5) combination of specialization and integration of economic activity; 6) integrity; 7) hierarchy; 8) polarization and heterogeneity. The key features of the formation of effective architecture and ensuring regional development in the conditions of global competition are characterized. The transparency, self-organization, self-reproduce ability, flexibility is the most important for economic space in terms of global competitiveness. The peculiarities of the formation of the economic space are primarily determined by the corresponding level of the administrative-territorial unit, which as a whole system has the corresponding management objects and goals.


Analyzes the shortcomings of the classic capital market theories based on EMH and discloses the complexity essence of the capital market. Considering the capital market a complicated, interactive and adaptable dynamic system, with complexity science as the method for researching the operation law of the capital market, this paper constructs a nonlinear logical model to analyze the applied realm, focal point and interrelationship of such theories as dissipative structure theory, chaos theory, fractal theory, synergetics theory, catastrophe theory and scale theory, and summarizes and discusses the achievements and problems of each theory. Based on the research, the paper foretells the developing direction of complexity science in a capital market.


The focus of the article is the investigation of the verbal-visual representations in the relevant practices of contemporary Russian artists of Generation Y (Millennials), i.e. artists born from 1981 to 1996. The paper examines various types of connections between word and image in Russian art, forms of existence and cultural meanings of the verbal components in contemporary Russian art. The author comes to the conclusion that verbal-visual art is an established trend on the Russian art scene. Interesting processes of rethinking the traditional principles of conceptualism are evident in the artworks of contemporary artists. The sign-symbolist imagery is obvious in the visible graphics of figured poems by contemporary Russian artists: artistic representation coexists with logocentrism, the desire for self-identification is combined with the idea of being rooted in the foundations of traditional Russian culture. The principle of eclecticism, characteristic to the era of metamodernism, allows contemporary painters to create the endless semiosis of simulacra that do not give direct clues to the viewer for interpretation. Contemporary artists, being the conductors of the mass culture, strive to get away from the rules of academic school and define the boundaries of the past and the future, the random and the natural. The article pays special attention to the study of visual rhetoric. Using examples, the author shows that the language in contemporary Russian art has not a narrative meaning, but a multi-level semantic impulse closely related to the visual component.


Business process (BP) models can be useful for requirements elicitation, among other uses. Software development is dependent on the quality of the requirements elicitation activities; therefore, it is critical to adequately model the BPs. One key factor for achieving this is the active participation of all the stakeholders and the development of a shared vision of the BPs. Unfortunately; organizations often end up with inconsistent BPs not covering all stakeholders' needs and constraints. The use of multiple levels of abstraction (MLA) may facilitate the consolidation of various stakeholders' requirements. This article contributes to the research of using MLA in business process modeling (BPM) for software requirements by reviewing the theoretical foundations of MLA and their use in various BP-oriented approaches.


Surface-borehole induced polarization method is a common geophysical method in metal exploration. The forward calculation results of the borehole observation responses can provide reference and support for practical work. In particular, the forward results of spherical polarized target can be equivalent to massive ore body or karst caves and other low-resistivity anomalies. In this paper, the forward simulation of borehole induced polarization responses is carried out by using the electric dipole model equivalent spherical polarized body. The results show that the polarization degree of the excitation source at different positions is different, and the closer the proximity is, the stronger the secondary field anomaly is. Borehole observation has advantages for the identification of deep ore bodies. Under the same offset condition, the closer the distance from the borehole is, the stronger the responses will be. The results of this paper can provide reference and basis for relevant research work.


Background: The level of physical fitness indicates children's health status and guides them towards sport branches. This crosssectional study aimed at determining the physical fitness of Cameroonian school-children aged 10 to 15 years in Yaounde city by comparing the results according to gender and with European normative values. A total of 504 healthy school children (51.58% females and 48.42% males) regularly attending physical education classes were conveniently selected from a secondary school. Methods: We collected anthropometric and physiological characteristics and the participants completed five physical tests integrated in the EUROFIT battery, namely standing broad jump (SBJ), flexed arm hang (FAH), sit-ups for 30 sec (SU), hand grip strength (HGS), and 10×5-m shuttle run test (10×5-mSRT). Values obtained from the tests were compared according to gender in each age. Results: Boys had a better performance compared with girls in different tests. No significant difference was found between boys and girls aged 10 to 14 years in 10×5-mSRT and from 10 to 12 years regarding HGS. However, performances were similar at 12 years in SBJ, at 12 and 13 years in FAH, and at 11 years in SU. School children in Yaounde city had better performances in SBJ, FAH, and 10×5-mSRT compared to their European counterparts. Conclusions: School-children in Yaounde city presented high physical fitness, and males had a better physical fitness than females aged 10-15. A study including the entire EUROFIT test battery with a great number of participants is needed to provide reference values in this population


Background: Teenage pregnancy is a social burden and reflects the country's attitude towards literacy and position of women in the society, traditional culture of early marriage, sex education, knowledge and use of contraception, accessibility of women to various health care facilities. Aim & Objectives: To assess maternal outcome during pregnancy and labour in Teenage Pregnancies. Material & Methods: All the primigravida teenage patients were included in study until we got 100 cases. For comparative study we took 100 cases of adult pregnancy by random selection. All patients were managed according to the department protocol and followed up clinically until they are discharged. Results: The study shows that majority of cases (70%) of teenage mothers were illiterate as compared to adult mothers in which 25% were illiterate and shows that antepartum & postpartum complications were much higher in teenage mothers as compared to adult mothers. Conclusion: Prevention of teenage pregnancy and reduced complications of teenage pregnancy can be achieved by improving the utilization of family planning services to reduce the rate of teenage pregnancies and minimizing their hazards and to prevent further pregnancies (by post - partum IUCD).


Nine medical students and three of the laboratory staff volunteered as subjects for the investigation. The group was comprised of 7 males and 5 females, varying in age from 19 to 25 years. All were normal in weight except for one subject (subject 6), who was 20 per cent above ideal weight. In no case was there a family history of diabetes. A study of their normal dietary habits revealed that the average daily carbohydrate content ranged from 150 g. to 420 g. Nine subjects were put on a diet containing only 100 g. carbohydrate daily for the 4 days preceding the first G.T.T. Thereafter they were given a diet containing a minimum of 300 g. carbohydrate daily for four days and a second G.T.T. was performed. In the remaining 3 subjects, the order of the diets was reversed. No restrictions were placed on any of the other dietary constituents, and the subjects continued with their normal activities throughout the investigation. For the G.T.T., capillary blood samples were taken from the fingertips. After a fasting specimen had been obtained, 50 g. glucose was given orally and further


According to Zeiner (2017), teachers are professional educators who have duties, functions, and essential roles in educating the life of the nation. Professional teachers in the assessment of work can participate in national development to realize Indonesian people who are cautious, excel in science and technology, have an aesthetic, ethical, noble character, and personality. In the current era of globalization, it is no exaggeration to say that the future of society, nation, and state, is mostly determined by the teacher.


The Double Decker Turbine (DDT) is a recent design introduced for oscillating water column (OWC) devices. Its major contribution is the combination of two typical solutions in just one prototype: a self-rectifying performance, to deal with the bidirectional flow, and the twin-turbine concept, allowing the use of unidirectional turbines. This is achieved by a set of two concentric turbines, called external and internal turbines (ExT—InT). In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical model is developed to study in detail the performance of a DDT, where geometrical components for both turbines have been taken from previous works of the authors. The ANSYS-Fluent code was first executed by means of a URANS simulation with a realizable k-ε turbulence model to obtain the performance curve of the turbine under steady conditions. Results obtained reveal its potential with respect to other solutions in the current state-of-the-art of OWC solutions for Wave Energy Conversion. Following a non-steady analysis, we assumed a sinusoidal input from the chamber which also resulted in promising results. Finally, the flow analysis inside the DDT allowed the authors to envisage geometric improvements that could enhance the DDT efficiency on future works.


We have studied the magnetic island coalescence process in an open system with two‐fluid simulations including electron inertial effects. We have found that the two X‐lines at the lateral‐edges of a perturbed current sheet possess the intrinsic advantage to dominate and to create an inflating magnetic island between them. While this state will eventually be taken over by the well‐known single X‐line structure, the double X‐line state can be extended in time and is expected commonly in maturing stages of reconnection regions.


This paper introduces how to utilize HTML/XHTML, XML and RDF/XML to describe the information resource, and probes into how to expand the RDF Site Summary to describe the information resource.


We present the case of a 49-year-old patient brought to the hospital with sudden onset of pain and swelling after falling down on a flexed knee while playing football. In the history review, the patient denied any patellar dislocation, previous injury, and surgical interventions. Examination revealed a grossly swollen knee anteriorly, with tenderness and moderate-to-severe effusion. Magnetic resonance images showed injury to the medial patellofemoral ligament and loose cartilage fragments, which is a rare occurrence without patellar dislocation. Surgery was done 5-day postinjury. To prevent the future complication of the injury, the patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation of the osteochondral fragment with 3.0-mm cannulated screw. After a year, the patient underwent the removal of screw and diagnostic arthroscopy, which portrayed that the patella cartilage had healed. The patient return to playing football 9 months after the surgery.


1, 3Post Graduate Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria 2Lecturer, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract This paper presents the application of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) for enhancement of power security on Nigeria's national grid by minimizing power loss in transmission lines. The UPFC is used because it is the most versatile among the Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) family. Voltage sensitivity index method is used to determine the most appropriate location for the UPFC and bat algorithm optimization technique is used for finding the optimal size of the UPFC. Simulation results obtained before and after connecting the UPFC show net active and reactive power losses reducing from 106.58MW and 703.75MVAr to 84.23MW and 597.50MVAr respectively. Bus voltage enhancement was archived on most of the load buses with maximum enhancement of 0.1 pu recorded on three buses.


Ball bearing fault is one of the main causes of induction motor failure. This paper investigates in the fault diagnosis of ball bearing of three phase induction motor using random forest algorithm and C4.5 decision tree. The bearing conditions are classified to four categories: normal, bearing with inner race fault, bearing with ball fault and bearing with outer race fault. The statistical features used for classification are extracted from mechanical vibration signal in time domain and frequency domain. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminent analysis (LDA) are used to reduce the dimension and complexity of the feature set. The classification accuracy of random forest algorithm and C4.5 decision tree are analyzed and compared. The experimental results show that the random forest algorithm not only works better than the C4.5 decision tree but also can classify the ball bearing condition effectively.


We show that the Dirichlet space is not a quotient of the Drury-Arveson space on the n-ball for any finite n. The proof is based a quantitative comparison of the metrics induced by the Hilbert spaces


The design modifications of a new hybrid-type undulator with a fixed gap of 6.8 mm, a period of 30 mm and a length of 3.4 m are presented. The prior pole design included side "wings, s" which were used for precise positioning, and clamps to fasten the poles to the magnet base. This design has been replaced by a more straightforward assembly, where the pole is attached to the magnet structure base using only two screws. Tests were performed on the vanadium permendur pole material to prove that the threaded holes are easy to fabricate and are able to successfully withstand the torque required to hold the pole in place. A fixture was also developed to ensure the precise location of the poles on the base during assembly. In addition to the pole modifications, the magnet-structure base is now manufactured as one piece as opposed to three, which greatly eases assembly. Finally, a small section of the original prototype had these changes successfully implemented, and the test results are presented.


SUMMARY The effect of 96 h water deprivation on plasma proteins, blood and urinary electrolyte concentrations were studied in Barmer goats of the Rajasthan desert. The total plasma proteins, particularly albumin, increased significantly by water deprivation. Plasma potassium concentrations remained unchanged. The urinary K/Nu ratio increased considerably. There was a decrease in urinary sodium concentration after the 4th day of water deprivation.


A seat apparatus (1), comprising a support column (2) and swingably mounted seat (14), characterized in that the seat (14) which is pivotally mounted on the seat by setting (14) the seat of the hub (15) and disposed strut hub (13) on the column (2) is connected to the strut (2), the seat of the hub (15) and strut hub (13) having an end formed therein the stopper portion (16, 27), wherein the at least one baffle (16, 27) and comprises a strengthening member may be molded around the reinforcing molding press pin (28).


Totally self-checking 1-out-of-m checkers are known for all m except for m = 3. The principle of the 1-out-of-3 checker presented is the following: the 1-out-of-3 code is transcoded in a 1-out-of-4 code by a sequential circuit which is totally self-checking.


Abstract

Introduction: Craniopharyngiomas have been classically removed by various transcranial approaches (craniotomy). Nowadays with the advance in endoscope transsphenoidal surgery, the extended transsphenoidal approach is the best choice for removal of suprasellar tumors and even intra-ventricular craniopharyngiomas. However, this is still challenging to surgeons in removing the tumors by this approach and the surgical complications could be occurred.

Material and Methods: From 7/2013 – 7/2017, 50 patients (39 adults and 11 children) underwent surgery for craniopharyngioma by nasal transsphenoidal approaches. The complications regarding the surgery was recorded.
Results: The early postoperative mortality was 2/50 (4%) caused by meningitis, intra-ventricular hemorrhage. The epidural hematoma was 1/50 (2%); Meningitis 6/50 (12%); Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage occurred in 3/50 (6%); Hypothalamus damage was 1/50 (2%), Visual deterioration was 3/50 (6%) Conclusion: Almost Craniopharyngioma have been removed successfully by endoscope transsphenoidal surgery. However, still the surgical complication rate was related high such as meningitis, visual deterioration, CFS leakage and postoperative mortality rate recorded.


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of Laparoscopic vaginal hysterectomy compared with abdominal hysterectomy.Methods Selectd 80 cases of patients with uterine fibroids.40 patients had laparoscopic vaginal hysterectomy,while 40 patients had conventional abdominal hysterectomy.Compared the time of operation,blood loss,anal exhaust time,stay catheter time,postoperative abdominal pain time,hospital stay,and t-test statistical analysis were applied.Results Forty cases successfully underwent laparoscopic vaginal hysterectomy with a shorter average surgical time than abdominal hysterectomy,however the blood loss,postoperative anal exhaust time,stay catheter time,the last time of postoperative abdominal pain,time of hospital stay were shorter than traditional group,which were statistically significant differences(P 0.05).Conclusion Compared with traditional open hysterectomy,Laparoscopic vaginal hysterectomy has obvious advantages,and has great clinical value.


Abstract The copolymers of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and trifluoroethylene (TrFE) have been found to be effective ultrasonic transducer materials because of their large electromechanical coupling factor kt . On the basis of the results obtained by SEM, X-ray diffraction, and ferroelectric polarization reversal studies of copolymer films, the large kt is ascribed to their high remanent polarization, which may originate from high crystallinity and preferential orientation of well-grown crystallites. Various single element transducers for medical ultrasound imaging have been developed utilizing PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) films. The performance of these transducers is in good agreement with a theoretical prediction in which their dielectric and mechanical losses are taken into account. The P(VDF-TrFE) transducers have a two-pathway sensitivity 10 dB higher than that of PVDF transducers. They give high resolution medical images much superior in quality to those obtained with conventional ceramic transducers. Linear ...


Hemorrhoids are a disease that is very common in society and has existed since time immemorial. Currently the treatment of hemorrhoidal healing which is the gold standard is surgery hemoroidectomy. However, postoperative pain in hemorrhoidectomy is still a problem large caused by perianal spasm. The purpose of the author can be understood nursing care in patients with post hemorrhoidectomy pain report nonpharmacological action on pain reduction. The method The writer used a descriptive method with a case study presentation through nursing care approaches namely assessment, enforcement of nursing diagnoses, planning, implementation and evaluation of nursing. Nursing action 3x24 the hours performed on the client by post hemorrhoidectomy are taught non-pharmacological techniques for reducing pain, namely encouraging clients to choose a comfortable lying position, teach clients progressive muscle relaxation. After applying the progressive muscle relaxation technique for 3 (three) days there was a decrease in the pain scale in patients post op hemoroidectomy. .
Key word: haemorrhoidectomy, pain, progressive muscle relaxation technique


Included are the presentation slides of the paper "The Winter of the Summer Child" as presented at the "Doctoral Research Student workshop in Social Education" at the University of Reading.


Purpose: to asses and to analyze early and long-term results of the hand reconstructions of the extensive soft tissue defects with posterior interosseous flap of the patients with hand injuries. Objective: find out whether this type of operation is optimal for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the hand; improve the quality of life of patients with soft tissue defects of the hand Materials and methods: the results of reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the hands with the posterior intercostal flap of the forearm in 6 patients (5 men and 1 woman) aged 31 to 67 years were analysed. In all 6 cases, reconstruction of the posterior interosseus flap was performed during the phased treatment of the patient with severe post-traumatic defects in the soft tissues of the hand. In all 6 cases, the reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the hands was combined with complex traumatic and orthopedic operations (autocost plasty with a cortical-spongiotic graft, removal or resection of one of the rays of the hand with the formalion of narrow – fingered hand, osteosynthesis and rheosynthesis by spokes, microscrews and microplates, necrectomy and amputations). Preoperative preparations included ultrasound Doppler of the forearm with visualization of posterior interosseus vessels. In all cases, reconstructive operations were performed using binocular optics with an increase of 30–35 times. In the postoperative period, the condition of vascularization of flaps was monitored by thermal imaging. Results: the flaps has taken root in all 6 cases. Postoperative complication in the form of marginal flap necrosis in it's local venosus insufficiency was determined in one patient, which indicates the variability of vascular anatomy of the flap. Conclusion: 1 year after operation, all patients were satisfied with the function of the hand the aesthetic appearance of the hand and donor area on the forearm. Survey Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulders, and Hand (DASH) was used to assess postoperative results in all patients after 1 year.


[Objective]To understand the status of mental health awareness among community residents in Yuexiu district,Guangzhou city,in order to provide basis for the formulation of psychological interventions.[Methods]Residents in 13 communities of Yuexiu district were surveyed,combining with the project of Hundred Psychiatrists Into Community.[Results]A total of 2 560 community residents were surveyed.The correct rate of awareness questionnaire was 70.14%.Male and female residents' correct rate was respectively 68.24% and 71.56%(P0.01).In different occupations and age,the differences of community residents correct rate were statistically significant(P0.01).[Conclusion]The awareness rate of mental health is higher among residents of Yuexiu district than the average level in Guangzhou city,which meet the standard of national mental health program.It's still the weak links in the etiology of mental illness,prevention of mental illness,and the major mental health anniversary.It needs to be strengthened in the future.


Oral mucositis is a common and distressing complication for patients receiving treatment for cancer. Severe mucositis resulting in the delay or cessation of cancer treatments may jeopardise the intent for cure or control. An abundance of different interventions used to prevent and manage oral mucositis appear in the healthcare literature, with little scientific evidence of their effectiveness. This paper reports on an evidence based study at Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute (PMCI) to develop best practice guidelines aimed at prevention of oral mucositis in a cancer population. A literature review found that the systematic performance of good oral hygiene has been shown to be more effective in reducing oral mucositis than the use of any particular oral care regimen. Integral to successful oral mucositis prevention are mechanisms to improve patient compliance with oral care, including consistent nursing assessments and frequent reinforcement of oral care instruction. Education of nurses must focus on developing skills and confidence in undertaking oral assessments, educating patients about good oral hygiene and monitoring patient outcomes. This paper describes the process taken by the Evidence Based Nursing Practice Group (EBNPG) at PMCI in the development of consensus guidelines for the prevention and early detection of complications of oral mucositis in the cancer patient. This process involved multidisciplinary participation in the evaluation of a literature review, the acquisition of a government grant to fund the project, the development of nurse and patient education programs, and the construction of oral mucositis prevention guidelines. (author abstract)


The Alaouite sect has brung to different understandings and interpretations in self sociocultural structure. In this context, the value given to the Prophet Muhammad has been seen that his name has been in second queue after Allah and before Ali in "Hak-Muhammad-Ali triple". The Alaouite sect has based on the verbal tradition and in sources relating to this tradition, there has been many informations and attributions with the Prophet Muhammad


A newly developed genetic hybrid algorithm (GHA) is applied for complex nonlinear programming problems. The algorithm combines features from parallel programming, classical nonlinear optimization methodology and evolutionary computation utilizing a powerful accelerator technique. The algorithm compares well with other evolutionary programming techniques on a set of difficult mathematical programming problems. The test results add significant evidence on the potential of the general solution framework in solving complicated optimization problems. Some suggestions for further research are also provided.


In Vida y sucesos de la Monja Alférez, seventeenth-century Basque nun Catalina de Erauso escapes from a convent, thereafter dressing as a man and pursuing adventure in Spain and the New World. As a cross-dressing soldier, Erauso's experience allows her authority as the first-person narrator of her own story. This essay analyzes the "yo" of Erauso's narrative, exploring her agency in narrating her own story.


In time for the holiday season, a beautiful paperback edition of Penguin s landmark poetry anthology Rita Dove, Pulitzer Prize winner and former Poet Laureate of the United States, introduces readers to the most significant and compelling poems of the past hundred years in "The Penguin Anthology of Twentieth-Century American Poetry." Now available in paperback, this indispensable volume represents the full spectrum of aesthetic sensibilities with varying styles, voices, themes, and cultures while balancing important poems with vital periods of each poet. Featuring earlier works by Robert Frost, James Weldon Johnson, and Wallace Stevens along with examples from the new generation of critically acclaimed poets, including A. E. Stallings, Terrance Hayes, and Poet Laureate Natasha Trethewey, Dove s selections paint a dynamic and cohesive portrait of modern American poetry."


In the virtual organization environment, supply chain not only exists between the internal member enterprises of the virtual organization and within the member enterprise, but also exists in the supply and cooperation relationship between the virtual organization and external environment. The research of virtual organization integration need consideration in the supply network system of globalization, through analysis of the composition structure of supply chain of virtual organization, put forward the integration method adopting "from top to bottom, from bottom to top and vertical integration, horizontal integration", conduct deep analysis of the information and business process in the virtual organization, and provide the solution of integration.


The paper addresses the problem of wind energy generation forecasting. We perform the comparative analysis of the design factors of the wind generator power in case of using different height adjustment functions (power and logarithmic) and without normalization to height. The analysis is based on installed capacity utilization factors (ICUF) comparison. Distribution functions such as one, two and three parameter Weibull distribution, Rayleigh distribution and Grincevich table distribution are compared in terms of a resulting probability density, modal value and resulting installed capacity utilization factor (ICUF). The case study is based on real data including meteorological database.


for a small newspaper, because such stances were more to be expected from large, established newspapers that had the refuge of size. At times, though, the opposite was true. For example, twowhite-owned newspapers a few hours fromCharlotte won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service after crusading against the KKK. Hartnett's interpretation of Golden's career is a highly relevant case study of the independent press as a sharp elbow to the status quo and a bulwark against mob rule. Golden, the eternal outsider, is a reminder of how Jewish memory became woven into American discourse. His emphasis on "rational religion" and "the ethics of brotherhood" is best articulated in an oft-stated principle: "When you fight for others," Golden wrote, "you build an impregnable wall of security around yourself" (p. 111). Golden's warning was not to forget. And if Hartnett's biography serves to revive Golden classics such as Only in America or the important A Little Girl Is Dead, journalism history will benefit. Carolina Israelite, with its extensive footnotes, bibliography, and index, is a useful reference for historians of the LCRM and alternative newspapers. The text would also work well for both undergraduate and graduate readings in journalism history and historical methods.


The invention discloses a method and device for efficiently making bricks. To-be-conveyed mortar is placed on a first conveying device, a collecting box base plate of a collecting box is opened through a second oil cylinder, and a weighing box base plate of a weighing box is closed through a first oil cylinder. The mortar on the first conveying device enters the weighing box through the collecting box; after the weight is weighed, a pressure sensor on a second cross rod transmits a signal to a controller, and accordingly the second oil cylinder is controlled to close the collecting box base plate of the collecting box, the weighing box base plate of the weighing box is opened through the first oil cylinder, the well weighed mortar flows to a conveying belt of a second conveying device, and then the mortar is conveyed through the conveying belt to a forming device; a fourth oil cylinder is started, so that a pressing plate performs reciprocating motion up and down, the mortar is compacted, and the bricks can be made. According to the method, the pressing plate can be swept, so that the quality of finished bricks is good, and the surfaces of the finished bricks are flat. The method and device for efficiently making the bricks are convenient to operate and high in efficiency.


As the new economics has been with us, intellectual-driving productivity becoming the core factor of economic development. Great changes taking place in enterprises management. Financial accountancy system is changing gradually from manual mode to network automatic mode. Under the new economics environment there is a great influence on the traditional audit.


The role of mass media on adolescent identity styles
Authors:* Khazaie T,Amuseshi Z,Unesie Z,E skandarie M
Faculty members School of Nursing and Midwifery, Brigand University of Medical Sciences, Brigand, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-09151637211, Fax: +98-4440550
, E-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com

Introduction and Objectives:
 Instrument and mediator of mass media puts people at risk sometimes conflicting uses of media. Leisure teens time often is filled with media.
Unhealthy patterns could be change of identity. According to effects of media on interpersonal relationships, cultural and moral values and psychological characteristics, in this study, the dominant identity styles of students identified and comparisons based on individual differences and relation with mass media has been determined.
Method:
The study was correlative and all high school students in the city of Birjand,
and sampling was the multi-stage stratified random. Identity Styles Inventory data collection wasBerzonsky (ISI-6 G). Informational style (11) normative (9) avoidant-disoriented style (10) and identity commitment (10)have questions. Media Inventory has three areas: exposure to the media, prefer to content, imitate personality. Both questionnaires from completely disagree to completely agree rankings and scores 1-5 were assigned to each option. Data using SPSS software with the chi-square test,Anova,T test, Spearman correlation coefficient α=0/05 were analyzed..
Findings:
(%38 / 04) 140female and (% 61/96)228 male with mean age/3± 29/1665 years were analyzed. The dominant style in male avoidant-disoriented and in female was commitment.
Measures of media exposure and content had a significant mean difference in gender and were in men higher but no significant difference in ages. The entertainment was more than preference. Index of media exposure and media content, both have significantly positively related to information and avoidant-disoriented identity styles. Imitation has meaningful relationship with both styles. So that with increasing imitation, increase disorientation and release commitment.
Conclusions:

Media insider's responsibility is to avoid the negative effects of aggressive media and the use of new communication technologies for positive cultural and facilitating the process of identity also provided national values, spiritual and indigenous of promoting political, religious and ideological families vision.

 Key word:identity styles, mass media,adolescent

Corresponding Author: Thayebeh Khazaie. Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Brigand University of Medical Sciences, Brigand, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-09151637211, Fax: +98-4440550
, E-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com


Quantitative phase imaging provides nanometer scale sensitivity and has been previously used to study spectral and temporal characteristics of individual cells in vitro, especially red blood cells. Here we extend this work to study the mechanical responses of individual cells due to the influence of external stimuli. Cell stiffness may be characterized by analyzing the inherent thermal fluctuations of cells but by applying external stimuli, additional information can be obtained. The time dependent response of cells due to external shear stress is examined with high speed quantitative phase imaging and found to exhibit characteristics that relate to their stiffness. However, analysis beyond the cellular scale also reveals internal organization of the cell and its modulation due to pathologic processes such as carcinogenesis. Further studies with microfluidic platforms point the way for using this approach in high throughput assays.


Abstract:  Background:  We previously showed that an Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐based plasmid, pEBVGFP, exerts prolonged gene expression in porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters (NPCCs). In this study, the mechanism underlying this was investigated.


No. Page 1. AUSICH, WILLIAM I., Evolutionary convergence and parallelism in crinoid calyx design 6 906 2. AUSICH, WILLIAM I., AND DAVID L. MEYER, Blastoids from the late Osagean Fort Payne Formation (Kentucky and Tennessee) 2 269 3. AUSICH, WILLIAM I., AND PHILIP DRAVAGE, Crinoids from the Brassfield Formation of Adams County, Ohio 2 285 4. BABCOCK, LOREN E., New Permian conulariids from Devon Island, Canada 4 615 5. BABCOCK, LOREN E., New Permian conulariid from Bolivia 4 617 BALSON, PETER S., see HUMPHREYS, BERNARD (51) BEARLIN, ROBERT K., see FELDMANN, RODNEY M. (33) BENDETTO, J. LUIS, see COPPER, PAUL (24) BENSTOCK, E. J., see MAPES, ROYAL H. (72) 6. BJERSTEDT, THOMAS W., Trace fossils from the Early Mississippian Price Delta, southeast West Virginia... 4 506 7. BLAKE, DANIEL B., A first fossil member of the Ctenodiscididae (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) 4 626 8. BLODGETT, ROBERT B., Wisconsinella, a new raphistomatinid gastropod genus from the Middle Devonian of Wisconsin 3 442 BLODGETT, R. B., see RIGBY, J. KEITH (92) BLODGETT, ROBERT B., see ROHR, DAVID M. (97) 9. BLODGETT, ROBERT B., A. J. BOUCOT, AND WILLIAM F. KOCH, II, New occurrences of color patterns in Devonian articulate brachiopods 1 46 BOARDMAN, DARWIN R., see MAPES, ROYAL H. (73) 10. BOLTOVSKOY, DEMETRIO, The range-through method and first-last appearance data in paleontological surveys 1 157 BONAMO, PATRICIA M., see NORTON, ROY A. (78) BOUCOT, A. J., see BLODGETT, ROBERT A. (9) BOUCOT, A. J., see ZHANG, NING (129) 11. BOWN, THOMAS M., AND BRETT C. RATCLIFFE, The origin of Chubutolithes Ihering, ichnofossils from the Eocene and Oligocene of Chubut Province, Argentina 2 163 BREW, DOUGLAS C , see ELLIOTT, DAVID K. (29) 12. BREZINSKI, DAVID K., Revision and redescription of some Lower Mississippian trilobites from the Choteau Formation (Kinderhookian of central Missouri) 1 103 13. BREZINSKI, DAVID K., Trilobites of the Gilmore City Limestone (Mississippian) of Iowa 2 241 14. BREZINSKI, DAVID K., Appalachian Carboniferous trilobites 6 934 15. BROWER, JAMES C , Ontogeny and phylogeny in primitive calceocrinid crinoids 6 917 16. BURNHAM, ROBYN J., A large-diameter coring device for use in shallow water and soft sediments 3 477 17. CAMPBELL, LYLE E., AND VICTOR A. ZULLO, Scalpellum multangulatum (H. C. Lea), 1843 (Cirripedia, Scalpellidae), senior synonym of S. gibbum Pilsbry, 1907 3 479 18. CASE, GERARD R., AND DAVID R. SCHWIMMER, Late Cretaceous fish from the Blufftown Formation (Campanian) in western Montana 2 290 CHATTERTON, BRIAN D. E., see EDGECOMBE, GREGORY D. (27) CHATTERTON, B. D. E., see WRIGHT, A. J. (126) CHEN-YUAN, WANG, see CLARK, DAVID L. (20) 19. CIONE, ALBERTO L., and ALDO E. TORNO, Assignment of the bony fish "Propygidium primaevus" to the order Perciformes, a supposed siluriform from the Tertiary of Patagonia 4 656 20. CLARK, DAVID L., AND CHEN-YUAN WANG, Permian neogondolellids from south China: significance for evolution of the serrata and carinata groups in North America 1 132 21. COCKE, J. M., AND KATHRYN HAYSE, Methods for determining septal formulae in solitary Rugosa 1 144 22. COOMBS, WALTER P., JR., The status of the dinosaurian genus Diclonius and the taxonomic utility of hadrosaurian teeth 5 812 23. COOMBS, WALTER P., JR., AND PETER M. GALTON, Dysganus, an indeterminate ceratopsian dinosaur 5 818 24. COPPER, PAUL, MARIO HUNICKEN, AND J. Luis BENEDETTO, The Silurian brachiopod Australina from the Malvinokaffric Faunal Province 4 531 CUFFEY, ROGER J., see KOBLUK, DAVID R. (56)


Elections should serve to reaffirm a citizenry's belief in the legitimacy of its political processes and outcomes. This study focuses on perceptions of vote count accuracy as a criterion variable. An argument is offered that voters' personal perceptions of postelection vote count accuracy are predicted by vote choice, with those citizens who did not vote for the winning candidate having to deal with the cognitive dissonance created by the election outcome. The model offered in this work focuses on an interaction between partisan strength and debate viewing as predictor of vote choice. In addition, an indirect effect of partisanship on vote choice through debate viewing is explored. Debate viewing is shown to promote partisan voting, and vote choice serves as a strong predictor of perceptions of vote count accuracy. A subset of the 2004 National Annenberg general election panel data (N = 5,660) was used for this secondary analysis.


A Bayesian optimization technique enables a short search time for a complex prediction model that includes many hyperparameters while maintaining the accuracy of the prediction model. Here, we apply a Bayesian optimization technique to the drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction problem as a method for computational drug discovery. We target neighborhood regularized logistic matrix factorization (NRLMF) (Liu et al., 2016), which is a state-of-the-art DTI prediction method, and accelerated parameter searches with the Gaussian process mutual information (GP-MI). Experimental results with four general benchmark datasets show that our GP-MI-based method obtained an 8.94-fold decrease in the computational time on average and almost the same prediction accuracy when measured with area under the curve (AUC) for all datasets compared to those of a grid parameter search, which was generally used in DTI predictions. Moreover, if a slight accuracy reduction (approximately 0.002 for AUC) is allowed, an increase in the calculation speed of 18 times or more can be obtained. Our results show for the first time that Bayesian optimization works effectively for the DTI prediction problem. By accelerating the time-consuming parameter search, the most advanced models can be used even if the number of drug candidates and target proteins to be predicted increase. Our method's source code is available at https://github.com/akiyamalab/BO-DTI.


This Final Report summarizes the IIASA contributions to the SLCP Assessment for LAC project.

IIASA has delivered all agreed outputs with respect to modelling work required to develop baseline and mitigation scenarios where key SLCP mitigation measures were identified. The results in form of gridded emission fields were provided to the impact and climate modelling groups involved in the project.

The developed protocol for data collection allowed to acquire a harmonized data set on emissions within the region for which a number of issues were identified and it was compared with the GAINS database, leading to its improvement. This exchange between the national experts and IIASA modelling team opens up a possibility for further collaboration where also ROLAC will play a role as the information has been stored there. The final historical inventories have been harmonized with the global GAINS database and served development of scenarios.

While the GAINS model has been further developed to consider specific LAC circumstances and availability of new data, the baseline and mitigation scenarios were developed in a consistent way with the global UNEP/WMO Assessment allowing a comparison of the results. The finally selected SLCP measures include additional options which were not part of the global assessment, for example, reduction of gas flaring, introduction of Marques brick kilns, shale gas options, and options to mitigate HFCs.


OBJECTIVES: Splenectomy simplifies distal pancreatectomy in trauma but has the inconvenience of increasing vulnerability to infection. The objective of this study is to assess whether spleen preservation in the aforementioned surgical procedure is feasible and safe. METHODS: Spleen preservation was performed in 52 patients (48%) of 108 undergoing distal pancreatectomy. Forty-five (86.5%) were males and 7 (13,5%) were females. The mean age was 22.1 years, varying from 6 to 42 years. Penetrating trauma was the cause of injury in 35 cases (67%), 27 of which (77%) due to gunshot wounds and 8 (23%) due to stab wounds. Blunt trauma was the cause of injury in 17 cases (33%). RESULTS: There were no deaths. Pancreatic leaks occurred in 6 (11.5%) patients, fluid collection in the splenic fossa in 6 (11.5%), pancreatitis in 2 (3.8%), surgical wound abscesses in 4 (8%) and pneumonia in 4 (8%) patients. Forty patients had associated injuries. The average ISS was 19.3. The spleen was injured in 13 patients. Seven underwent splenorrhaphy and 6 required partial splenic resection. The spleen and splenic vessels were preserved in 51 patients. In one case, proximal and distal ligation of the splenic vessels (Warschaw technique) was performed. Hospital stay averaged 12 days. CONCLUSION: Distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation was shown to be a safe procedure in stable patients, even with associated injuries. The absence of deaths and the co-participation of surgeons in training confirms the safety of this procedure.


The environment sustainability is one of the main direction of intervention for all developed counties. Solutions for alternative energies generation and energy reduction are already discussed. Electronic domestic and office devices are an important part of energy consumers. With our work we try to achieve a very cheap and easy to implement solution for power consumption monitoring and analysis of electronic devices. In this paper we present our proposed design and requirements for such a solution.


The need to reach the right cost information in service businesses, which consist of numerous and different sub-sectors within themselves, has always been important. However, nowadays, most of these types of services have to face global competition and 1 Bu makale 8th International Graduate Education Symposium'da sunulan bildirinin genişletilmiş halidir. DOI: 10.20491/isarder.2018.439 M. Akgün – M. Kıymaz Kıvraklar – N. Göleç 10/2 (2018) 454-474 İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi Journal of Business Research-Türk 455 this need has increased more. Despite the growing contribution of the service sector to the gross domestic product of many developed countries in the world, the academic studies on service cost is rather limited. The purpose of this study is to discuss the costing methods that should be applied as a result of an appropriate classification, with the difficulties encountered in the costing of service enterprises. The aim of this study is to synthesize the information in existing limited literature and to lead academic and practical researchers who are interested in costing in service enterprises.


Abstract This article focuses on political aspects of Ukrainian privatisation auctions during the presidency of Leonid Kuchma. It contributes to a discussion of the role of big national investors, or so-called oligarchs, in the context of a regime of competitive authoritarianism in Ukraine. A quantitative evaluation is made by means of an assessment of the values of the winning bids in the privatisation auctions under Kuchma and this is linked to a characterisation of the successful bidders in terms of their links to oligarchical networks. As a result distinct strategies of the Yushchenko and the Yanukovych governments towards auctions and towards oligarchs in general can be identified.


In the present work, we demonstrate the results of combining two excellent ferroelectric materials at their morphotropic phase boundary compositions, i.e., 0.2(Pb(Zn1∕3Nb2∕3)O3–0.8Pb(Zr1∕2Ti1∕2)O3 (0.2PZN-0.8PZT) and 0.2Pb(Ni1∕3Nb2∕3)O3–0.8Pb(Zr1∕2Ti1∕2)O3 (0.2PNN-0.8PZT) to form a ternary solid solution of x(Pb(Zn1∕3Nb2∕3)O3–(0.2−x)Pb(Ni1∕3Nb2∕3)O3–0.8Pb(Zr1∕2Ti1∕2)O3 (xPZN-(0.2−x)PNN-0.8PZT) which exhibits superior dielectric properties. Examination of the dielectric spectra indicated that the ternary system exhibits a very high relative permittivity of 49 800 (at 10kHz) for the composition at x=0.10. In addition, an increased amount of PZN was observed to enhance the ferroelectric properties of the system.


The gray‐to‐white matter ratio of technetium 99m‐hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc‐HMPAO) in 14 anesthetized patients undergoing partial brain resection for treatment of complex partial seizures. The gray‐to‐wh1te matter ratio of 99mTc‐HMPAO was 1.8: 1 (standard deviation 0.6) in the temporal lobe. Many of the biopsied specimens demonstrated histopathological abnormalities.


CESR-B type superconducting cavities are under consideration for acceleration of the electron beam in the 3 GeV NSLS-II storage ring. In this paper we present detailed investigation of longitudinal and transverse impedance of CESR-B cavity and transitions. Ferrite material is included in impedance analysis. Its effect on short range wakepotential has been studied using GdfidL code. The summary results of loss factors and kick factors are presented for a 3 mm rms bunch length.


The study is devoted to development of market as one of the main resources points in the state economy. The system of high education is considered to be the social capital of national elites and state strategy formation and should be opened interactive and qualified.


In contrast to the unsuccessful efforts of many investigators to reduce underwater drag by the use of thin compliant coatings designed to simulate dolphin skin, it was suggested in prior publications in this series that the dolphin's delay in the onset of boundary layer turbulence and reduced drag results from the `intelligent' properties of the thick blubber underlying its skin. The blubber is supposed to have viscoelastic properties such that the dolphin acts as a compliant layer load of mechanical shear impedance, ZL, which matches the impedance, ZG, of incipient boundary layer turbulence acting as an equivalent shear force generator. Under this matched condition maximum power transfer and energy absorption in the blubber then quenches continued boundary layer turbulence and restores laminar flow. A gel-foam composite with frequency variations of complex shear compliance and shear modulus close to those of dolphin blubber is described, and suggested as a composite system for use in thick compliant material coatings for drag reduction.


Adoption of improved rice varieties is important for improving rice yield in Benin. This study employed a double-hurdle model to assess factors influencing the adoption of improved rice varieties using a cross-sectional dataset of 360 farmers randomly selected in the municipality of Malanville in Benin. Estimation of the first hurdle indicates that education, frequency of extension visits, frequency of farmer-based organization meetings, access to credit, participation in market, off-farm activities, fertilizer use, perception of soil fertility, access to media and ownership of mobile phone play significant roles in adoption decision-making process in the municipality of Malanville. The results from the second hurdle show that the land under improved rice is positively associated with education, rice-farming experience, credit, off-farm activities, and soil fertility. These findings suggest a strong institutional support measures for promoting the improved rice


SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS I965 Riddle et al. (1945) and Urist (1959). The mean level of diffusible Ca in the plasma during egg-shell calcification is about 8-4 mg/Ioo ml, but in some individuals it may fall to 7-6 mg/Ioo ml, and there is no reason to believe that this latter figure represents a minimum (Taylor & Hertelendy, 1961). It may be claimed with some justification that the laying capacity of a hen is directly related to her ability to absorb and metabolize Ca, and these functions are largely under hormonal control. Nutrition and endocrinology are in fact SO closely interrelated in the Ca metabolism of the laying hen that they cannot be considered separately with any degree of understanding.


We present a mm-sized, all-optical probe that can accurately quantify and map the viscoelastic properties of highly heterogeneous soft matter.


Once‐a‐week cotrimoxazole is an effective prophylaxis for pneumocystosis during antineoplastic chemotherapy or autologous stem cell transplant. Following allogeneic stem cell transplant, this schedule is at risk of pneumocystosis or neurotoxoplasmosis, as demonstrated by these case reports. Therefore, a 3‐times‐a‐week schedule must be adopted in these patients.


Objective To summarize the advantages of "7+2" consultant physician mode in community health responsibility system.Methods A pilot community-based "7+2" consultant physician mode has been applied in the Haishu District of Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,China.From January to October,2009,20 community health responsibility teams were enrolled in this sduy,of which 10 employed the "7+2" mode(consultant physician group),an the other 10 teams performed the traditional two-way referral system(responsible physician group).The two groups were compared in terms of referral rate,hospitalization rate,treatment duration,treatment cost,and patient′s satisfaction.Results The referral rate and hospitalization cost were significantly different between two groups(P0.01);more specifically,the rate of referral for outpatient treatment was significantly different(P0.01),while the rate of referral for hospitalization treatment showed no significant difference(P0.05).The two groups also had significantly different rate of loss to follow-up(P0.01).Conclusion Compared with traditional teams,"7+2" consultant physician teams greatly increase the patients′ satisfaction by increasing referral efficiency and reducing treatment costs.


Objectives:The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of structural and functional characteristics of social network
on social adjustment...


BACKGROUND
Clopidogrel has been commonly prescribed as a selective P2Y12 receptor antagonist to reduce heart attack and stroke risk. Nearly 10 % of absorbed clopidogrel is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the liver to active forms and 90 % to inactive clopidogrel carboxylate by esterases.

OBJECTIVE
Since different forms of clopidogrel have cytotoxic potential, our aim was to determinate the effect of clopidogrel (7.5, 40 and 75µM) over DNA damage in adipocyte and hepatocytes. Material Methods: In the present study DNA damage was investigated by Comet analysis using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Alpha Mouse 12 (AML-12) hepatocytes.

RESULTS
DNA fragmentation was found to be increased as a response to 7.5 µM, 40 µM and 75 µM clopidogrel treatment compared to non-treated control groups in AML-12 hepatocytes (p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.01 respectively) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively). DNA damage levels as a response to clopidogrel treatment was found to be higher in 3T3-L1 adipocytes than AML-12 hepatocytes. Also, DNA damage levels in adipocytes and hepatocytes were found to increase dose dependently for 7.5 and 40 μM clopidogrel whereas decreased as a response to 75 μM.

CONCLUSION
According to our results, clopidogrel results in more DNA damage in adipocytes than in hepatocytes. The molecular mechanism of clopidogrel genotoxicity need to be further investigated especially in adipose tissue.


This paper explores the classification problem based on parallel feature partitioning. This formulation leads to a new problem in computational geometry. While this new problem appears to be NP-complete, it is shown that the proposed graph theoretical platform makes it semi-tractable, allowing the use of conventional tools for its solution. Here, by conventional, we mean any exact or heuristic algorithm for partitioning a graph into a minimal number of cliques or for finding the clique of maximum cardinality while seeking an efficient heuristic algorithm. An important advantage of this approach is the decomposition of a problem involving l classes into l optimization problems involving a single class. The computational complexity of the method, computational procedures, and classification rules are discussed. A geometrical interpretation of the solution is also given. Using the proposed approach, the geometrical structure of the training set is utilized in the best possible way.


The paper is associatablted with the management of information systems to improve the efficiency of their activities. The approach takes into account the modern capabilities of information monitoring of the performance of management objects, rating information systems. It is proposed to develop a set of problem-oriented modeling and optimization procedures. They are based on the results of monitoring and rating assessments, which ensure the adoption of managerial decisions to improve the efficiency of information system objects. The structure of the system for managing the effectiveness of the objects of information systems has been formed. To develop models and algorithms for making managerial decisions on planning the increase in efficiency based on optimization and expert evaluation.


Migration of therapeutically implanted intrauterine contraceptive devices and foreign bodies pose challenges in accurate localization and removal through the least invasive method. Laparoscopic removal is the desired method of treatment due to the lessened surgical and anesthetic morbidity and accurate and rapid localization of the devices are imperative in aiding an endoscopic removal. Difficulties in locating the device leads to prolonged intraoperative times and at times culminate in a laparotomy with its attendant increased morbidity. We present a case series where rapid and accurate localization of the devices was achieved by intraoperative usage of the fluoroscopic image intensifier. The image intensifier can view images in real time and can be used intraoperatively, increasing the diagnostic accuracy. We propose that intraoperative imaging by the fluoroscopic image intensifier is a cost effective, rapid, and accurate method of localizing a migrated contraceptive device, thus enabling optimal endoscopic treatment.


The utility model discloses an Internet of Things gateway comprising a data acquisition module, a protocol conversion module, an input module, a display module, a main control module, a first RS232 interface, a second RS232 interface, an RS485 interface, a CAN interface, a parallel communication interface, and a wireless communication interface. The input end of the data acquisition module is respectively electrically connected with the first RS232 interface, the RS485 interface, the CAN interface, and the parallel communication interface, and the output end is electrically connected with the protocol conversion module. The protocol conversion module is electrically connected with the second RS232, and is bidirectionally electrically connected with the wireless communication interface. The input end of the main control module is electrically connected with the output end of the input module, and the output end is respectively electrically connected with the input end of the display module, the control input end of the data acquisition module, and the control input end of the protocol conversion module. The Internet of Things gateway is advantageous in that the data acquisition function is provided, and the gateway can be connected with various elevator control systems to acquire the operation parameters of the elevator.


Overall coordination and control mechanism should be intensified for city energy saving and emission reduction.Master planning for low carbon city should act as an effective platform that evaluates and integrates the departments' strategies, and coordinates the relations between economic and social development and reasonable carbon emission reduction.From the perspective of emission reduction, the paper, based on master planning that is supported by technical methods, proposes systematic and integrated targets and strategies, which include planning orientation, working procedure, framework, and methods for urban-rural carbon emission measurement, assessment model and database for carbon emission, driving factors of carbon emission and carbon scenario analysis for urban-rural development model, quantitative targets and comprehensive strategies for urban-rural planning, and formulating department action plans.It explains the positive role of master planning played in carbon emission reduction by introducing the pilot project in Yanqing County, Beijing.


The present study investigated the ruminating behaviour among adolescents on the basis of gender and locale. The rumination response scale (Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003) was administered on the sample of 400 adolescents from schools of Sri Muktsar Sahib. The study revealed that female and urban adolescents exhibited more ruminating behaviour than their opposite counterparts.


The vector representation of the linearized gravitational field (the graviton field) or the so called quantum gravitodynamics which describes the motion of masses in a weak gravitational field is employed to understand the unity of the four known interactions. We propose a gauge group SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1)xU(1) for such a unified field theory. In this paper we study the SU(2)xU(1)xU(1) sector of the theory and in analogy to the electroweak mixing angle we define a gravitoweak mixing angle. The unified gauge field theory predicts the existence of three massive vector bosons, the Y+/- and the X^0. and two massless vector bosons, the photon and the graviton (in its vector representation). We determine the mass spectrum of the Y+/- and the X^0 and predict a modification to the fine structure constant under unified field conditions. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the implications of the extended object formulation for the gauge hierarchy problem.


Indonesia has very high potential of disaster. Semarang city is one of the cities in Indonesia, which has high potential of disaster. Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Semarang is government institution which is responsible to overcome or manage disaster that happen in Semarang City, but the achievement of the performance is still volatile. The purpose of the research to analyze the performance and the supporting and obstructing factor that influence the performance of Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Semarang. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Techniques used in selecting informants with the snowball technique. Source of data in this research are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques are interviews, observation, documentation, and literature. In this research used triangulation technique for analyzing the data obtained. The performance of BPBD Semarang city has been able to say good but not optimal. Productivity in BPBD Semarang city has been good, with the efforts to increase productivity. But is still constrained by its dependence on another institution in disaster management. Responsiveness BPBD Semarang city is good at recognizing and accepting the aspirations of society. Accountability BPBD Semarang city has been good, with transparency and accountability that has been done. Factors supporting the performance of Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Semarang is a factor of a good team in the coordination and support among employees. Cultural organizations in BPBD Semarang city was already in accordance with the dimensions of performance, namely performance, teamwork, and loyalty work. Leadership in BPBD Semarang city was already implementing openness in decision-making and for good guidance and direction from the leadership to employees. Factors obstructing the performance of BPBD Semarang city is still not the reward for employee performance and still dependence on third parties in disaster management. Based on the research, The performance of BPBD Semarang City is very good but not optimum yet. There are some recommendation that the writer give to optimize the employee performance such as giving reward to the employee for certain achievement and doing innovation in managing disaster in order to not depending on another institution.


The kinetics of the formation and decomposition of the pseudobases from the 2-methyl-4-nitroisoquinolinium, 10-methylacridinium, and 10-methyl-9-phenylacridinium ions have been studied. The pH–rate profiles of these reactions indicate that for each of these ions, pseudobase formation may kinetically involve either attack of a water molecule or of hydroxide ion on the heterocyclic cation depending upon the pH of the reaction. Pseudobase decomposition to the cation may occur through either the neutral or protonated pseudobase species or their kinetic equivalents. The temperature dependences of the equilibrium and kinetics are reported for each ion, and deuterium isotope effects for the reactions of the 2-methyl-4-nitroisoquinolinium ion have been measured. Possible mechanisms for the reactions are discussed on the basis of the observed activation parameters and isotope effects and are compared with related reactions.


Wind turbines connected to the distribution network can be the cause of voltage fluctuations
and resulting fluctuations in the light intensity emitted by light bulbs. These
fluctuations may cause people disturbance.
A model has been developed to obtain a flicker prediction which is useful in the design
process of a wind farm. The model is based exclusively in the frequency domain (FD).
This new approach allows very fast and efficient evaluation. The impact of individual
parameters is often easier to recognise and evaluate in a FD-representation.
The following factors leading to flicker disturbances from a wind farm have been considered
in detail:
The wind spectrum: Effects of terrain and wind farm wakes on the wind turbulence
spectrum have been considered and existing models have been expanded.
The wind coherence: A new coherence model for large separation distances has been
derived for use within a wind farm. Effects of the terrain on the coherence of power
produced by turbines within a wind farm have been considered.
The wind turbine: A simplified dynamic wind turbine model allows the prediction
of turbine specific contributions to flicker for a variety of wind turbines using a
minimal set of parameters.
The flickermeter: Flicker measurements are found to sometimes neglect the impact
of low frequency voltage variations. These are found to be very important for the
correct flicker prediction. A new FD-flickermeter has been developed.
The model has been validated against experimental data and a sensitivity analysis
shows which parameters are most likely to influence the voltage flicker and which are
best altered to minimise the flicker.


The material presented in the article focuses on intertextuality indicators, which can be both conventional and explicit. We emphasize the interest of the reader in trying to understand an inter text whose interpretation depends not on its erudition but on a thought strategy, a combination of collective and individual memory, which reveals, the life-giving ability of national linguistic and literary traditions.