Unsignalised intersections are one of the most hazardous locations on highways. Unsignalised intersections are usually controlled with stop or yield sign in developing countries, but in India, signs usually do not work and such intersections are treated as uncontrolled intersections. The main focus of this study is to develop a gap acceptance model for different classes of vehicle at three legged intersections in Kerala. Two T intersections were selected, one at Kottayam and another at Ernakulam. The vehicular interactions at Unsignalised intersections are complex and each driver has to make individual decisions about when, where and how to complete the merging and crossing manoeuvres. This study systematically analyses the right turning behaviour of vehicles at uncontrolled intersections. Data collection for the gap acceptance study is carried out using video recording. The parameters extracted through video recording are waiting time, approximate age of driver and gender of driver. Multiple linear regression models were developed using the collected data using SYSTAT for different classes of vehicles. For calibration of models, 70% of the collected data were utilized and the remaining 30% was used for model validation. Critical gap is an important parameter of gap acceptance behaviour. By plotting accepted gap and rejected gap, critical gap estimation was done. A hypothetical testing is used to compare the gap acceptance characteristics by different vehicle classes, different age groups and also based on gender.


plants were grown on MS medium(3% sucrose, 0.8% agar) under LD (16 hours light/8hours dark) conditions. On day 14, 5 ml of 10 mM dexsolution was applied to the medium (25 ml) to give aÞnal concentration of 1.7 mM.27. We particularly thank D. Weigel for exchange ofunpublished results and materials. We thank G. Cou-pland and Plant Bioscience Limited, M. Koornneef, M.Omura, M. Yanofsky, and the NSF-supported Arabi-dopsis Biological Resource Center for materials, andG. Coupland, M. Koornneef, and J. Kyozuka for com-municating unpublished results. Supported by grantsfrom the Ministry of Education, Science, Culture andSports of Japan, and an RFTF grant from the JapanSociety for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). Y.K. is aJSPS Research Fellow.13 August 1999; accepted 26 October 1999


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are composed of spatially distributed autonomous sensor devices, named motes. These devices are constituted by a microcontroller, sensors, and they have the ability to communicate in the ISM frequency band using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. They have their own power supply, AA or AAA batteries, processing unit, sensors and wireless communications. Usually, the motes exchange packets using a multihop routing, and the maximum communication distance emitter-receiver is around 100m. At least one mote acts as a gateway, and the data gathered by the sensors of each mote have to be sent to this mote that is named sink or Base Station (BS). In a WSN the BS is within the area of the WSN in order to receive the information. The distance between the BS and the nearest mote must be at the most 100m to be able to receive the packets. If the BS distance is farther than this distance, the communication fails, because the motes have limited power. Some techniques are proposed to overcome this distance in order to achieve a long range communication to reach the BS, for instance to communicate to a low orbit satellite. The difficulties are related to synchronization errors in the clocks of the motes. We propose an alternative technique based in a collaborative beamforming scheme, named stochastic collaborative transmission or stochastic beamforming, in which we take advantage of the synchronization errors of the clocks to achieve a large gain in a limited number of trials.


Special health care needs in the very young are on the rise. Understanding how health care systems provide service for these children is essential. We report on the prevalence of infants and young children with special health care needs (IYCSHCN), and delineate their access to health care, utilization, expenditures, and the financial impact on families. Using data from the 2001 and 2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we performed statistical analysis on the prevalence, demographics, utilization rates, expenditures, and out-of-pocket expenses for IYCSHCN to determine the impact on families, medical systems, and health care providers. An estimated 2.6 million children younger than 6 in the United States have special health care needs. These children have greater health care service needs as demonstrated by significantly higher utilization rates for all services. Although IYCSHCN were more likely to have a usual source of care, they were more likely than other children to have access issues. As expected, health care expenditures were markedly higher for IYCSHCN ($2923 per year) than those of their healthy peers ($770 per year). Families of IYCSHCN disproportionately felt the financial burden of health care, with more than 10% of families reporting out-of-pocket health care expenditures above $500 annually. The burden of disease and health care expenditures for families of IYCSHCN is substantial. Certain characteristics, such as having insurance, help protect families from high out-of-pocket expenses. Individuals who provide health care and educational services should be aware of the financial impact of service utilization and the issues faced by families in terms of access to care and out-of-pocket expenses. Health care policy changes may be necessary to ensure that needed care for IYCSHCN is accessible and affordable.


Matthew 4:16 finds both singular and plural phrases. This phrase is very interesting to study because the context of this verse is in Galilee, a place where Jesus spent most of his time serving. Through qualitative research with an exegetical study approach, the researcher found that the results and conclusions were that the purpose of singular and plural phrases in these verses was: a singular phrase for Jews and a plural phrase for other nations. Thus, it can provide the theological understanding that Jesus' mission in Galilee was not only for the Jews who were there, but also for other nations who had long settled there even before the time of Jesus.


Click fraud is a critical problem in pay-per-click advertising. While both service providers (SPs) and advertisers employ technologies to identify fraudulent clicks, prior work shows that they cannot be induced to make further improvements to their respective technologies. We consider the use of third-party investigation to address this problem and examine whether the responsibility of investigation payments helps induce both parties to work towards improving their technologies unilaterally. Using a principal-agent setting, we show that the advertiser always has incentives to improve his verification technology and the SP will improve his detection technology only when the detection cost is not too large. Given that the cost of detection technology is likely to be small due to the use of inexpensive online filters, our result suggests that third-party investigation helps induce further enhancements to the technologies and is a good mechanism to address the incentive problems in the click fraud setting.


As a distributed open system in manufacturing and process control environment, fieldbus aims to provide an international standard in this field. In order to satisfy the requirement of data transfer in industrial control, the interface between fieldbus and the program also need to pursue a standard. OPC technology is introduced to satisfy the requirement of efficient data transfer. It develops an open and interoperable interface standard between applications and fieldbus. Making use of fieldbus and OPC advantages, a system model is researched, which can simplify the data exchanging and sharing across the industrial information system, and has a far-reaching meaning for the enterprise Integrated Automation.


Wieser's theory of value and distribution has been formalized and interpreted mainly in the framework of efficient allocation of scarce resources. To this end, the mathematical techniques of linear programming have been used by such authors as Samuelson and Uzawa. This paper presents briefly what may be called the Knight-Samuelson-Uzawa formalization and supplements it with different proposed formalizations of some further aspects consistently developed in Wieser's works. The formalization that we propose concerns Wieser's theory of interest and his theory of value for 'cost goods'. It is argued that in such cases the produced means of production, and not the endowments of scarce resources, are at the centre of Wieser's analysis. It is shown that some appropriately specified models in the Sraffa-von Neumann-Leontief tradition can very usefully be employed in order to strengthen Wieser's intuitive arguments and give them a sound analytical structure. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2005.


Available for the first time in years, "Lexical Semantics in LFG" is a reissue of the groundbreaking "Papers in Lexical Functional Grammar." It spans a diverse range of topics, including Italian unaccusatives, Malayalam causatives, derived nominals, resultatives, and non-nominative subjects in Icelandic. With its emphasis on representations of lexical semantic information that allow operations on predicate-argument relations and grammatical relations to be independent of structural configurations, the text will be of interest to both scholars and students of linguistics.


To the Editor: The retrospective cohort study by Dr Mayr and colleagues found a higher rate of hospitalization for infections among black patients vs white patients in the United States, which contributed to previously observed racial differences in rates of severe sepsis. The difference in rates of invasive pneumococcal disease between black patients and white patients was large, particularly among patients younger than 65 years. The rate of hospitalization for invasive pneumococcal disease was 22 per 100 000 black patients vs 17 per 100 000 white patients. Furthermore, 24% of invasive pneumococcal infections in black patients were diagnosed in patients younger than 65 years, while only 14% of white patients with invasive pneumococcal disease were younger than 65 years. The authors recognized that the effect of unmeasured factors such as smoking status, alcohol consumption, and nutritional status may have contributed significantly to these findings. However, the unmeasured effect of undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on racial differences in rates of infection, particularly for invasive pneumococcal disease, should be recognized. Rates of invasive pneumococcal disease are estimated to be 30 to 100 times greater in HIV-infected vs HIV-uninfected patients. Although the authors excluded patients with known HIV infection from analysis, racial differences for rates of undiagnosed HIV infection are profound. At the end of 2006, the estimated prevalence rate of undiagnosed HIV infection was 380 per 100 000 black individuals vs 42 per 100 000 white individuals. This difference reflects not just the increased prevalence of HIV infection in black individuals overall but the increased likelihood that prevalent HIV infections in black individuals will be undiagnosed. Given these estimates, a substantial portion of the excess cases of invasive pneumococcal disease among black patients could be explained by undiagnosed HIV infection.


Answer Set Programming is a declarative modeling paradigm enabling specialists in diverse disciplines to describe and solve complicated problems. Growth in high performance computing is driving ever smarter and more scalable parallel answer set solvers. To improve on today's cutting-edge, researchers need to develop increasingly intelligent methods for analysis of a solver's runtime information. Reflecting on the solver's search state typically pauses its progress until the analysis is complete. This work introduces methods from the domain of parallel functional programming and immutable type theory to construct a representation of the search state that is both amenable to introspection and efficiently scalable across multiple processor cores.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Results: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55–1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61–1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19–1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20–1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53–1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82–1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89–1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30–0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49–1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71–0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31–0.79]). Conclusions: Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02065791.


We consider a branching Brownian motion with linear drift in which particles are killed on exiting the interval (0,K) and study the evolution of the process on the event of survival as the width of the interval shrinks to the critical value at which survival is no longer possible. We combine spine techniques and a backbone decomposition to obtain exact asymptotics for the near-critical survival probability. This allows us to deduce the existence of a quasi-stationary limit result for the process conditioned on survival which reveals that the backbone thins down to a spine as we approach criticality. This paper is motivated by recent work on survival of near critical branching Brownian motion with absorption at the origin by Aidekon and Harris as well as the work of Berestycki, Berestycki and Schweinsberg.


A correction method for the mass discrimination effect was developed for isotopic analyses using multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). For Pb isotopic analysis using MC-ICP-MS, the correction factor for the mass discrimination effect on Pb is based on the addition of TI to the sample solution and measurement of TI isotopic ratios; the correction factor obtained using Tl is directly applied to the Pb isotopes (conventional external correction). However, the series of measurements of discrimination factors for several elements, including Rb, Sr, Ru, Nd, Hf, Re, Os, Tl and Pb (mass range 80–210 u), clearly reveal that the mass discrimination factors observed using MC-ICP-MS were a linear function of mass, suggesting that the correction factors observed using Tl isotopes were not exactly identical with those for Pb isotopes. Therefore, the correction factors obtained with Tl isotopes should be corrected for mass, and then applied to the Pb isotopes. The resultant Pb isotopic ratios for NIST Standard Reference Materials show excellent agreement (within 0.03% for 206Pb/204Pb and 20 ppm for 207Pb/206Pb) with the data obtained by the thermal ionization mass spectrometry. The correction method presented clearly demonstrates the wide versatility of the external correction technique for the precise isotopic analysis using MC-ICP-MS. The possible cause of the 'exceptionally large' mass discrimination effect observed for Ru and Os is discussed.


(Too little, far too little attention has been directed to the need for coordinated enforcement. Where many agencies are devoted to the task of preserving the peace, ultimate needs are difficult of accomplishment unless the fullest measure of cooperation exists between and among them. How understanding and knowledge can aid in furthering cooperation and in coordinating efforts is the subject of this timely article by Judge Long of King County Superior Court, Seattle, Washington, on "The Relation of Juvenile Courts to other Agencies." Dealing as it does with a problem which casts a sombering shadow over the entire enforcement process, the article is one of deep interest to the police, to the courts, and in fact, to all engaged or interested in maintenance of the public security. This was an address delivered before the Fifth Pacific Northwest Law Conference held at Pullman, Washington, January 25, 1944.-Editor.)


Remotely operated vehicles are an essential tool for marine researchers and workers. Their robust nature allows them to serve a wide range of purposes, such as remote visual inspection or tool operation. Cameras are the main method for providing operator feedback to the surface. They enable an operator to accurately maneuver or handle objects up to thousands of feet away. Although large ROVs have cameras attached to their robotic arms for closer inspection of objects, min ROVs do not have cameras attached to their robotic arms because no camera tool has been specifically designed to support he low-cost, lightweight design of a mini ROV. Therefore, this paper discusses the design considerations, component selection, and system prototype of an affordable modular underwater camera tool for mini ROV robotic manipulators.


The valuation of a wide range of option contracts using the
different financial models has acquired increasing popularity
in modern financial theory and practice. This paper is
dedicated to the plain vanilla option pricing problem, driven
according to the one-dimensional Black-Scholes equation, and
the main attention is paid to the treatment of boundary
conditions. The whole system is discretized by the
discontinuous Galerkin method combined with the implicit Euler
scheme for the temporal discretization. Three concepts of
boundary conditions are mentioned here such as Dirichlet,
Neumann and transparent boundary condition. Moreover, their
influence on the approximate solution together with the
localization of an underlying asset and a strike price is
studied. The preliminary numerical results are presented on
real data of options on German DAX index obtained for
15SEPT2011 with implied volatilities and compared for the
different treatments of boundary conditions to each other.


Due to the increasing amount of remotely sensed data, methods for its automatic interpretation become more and more important. Corresponding supervised learning techniques, however, strongly depend on the availability of training data, i.e. data where measurements and labels are provided simultaneously. The creation of reference data for large data sets is very challenging and approaches addressing this task often introduce a significant amount of label noise. While other works focused on the influence of label noise on the training process, this paper studies the impact on the evaluation and shows that the corresponding effects are even more adverse.


This paper examines the trends and tendencies of revenues and expenditures of U.P. Thus, an attempt has been made to study the empirical behavior of revenues and expenditures of the state. After broadlining the structure of public revenue and expenditures of States, estimates relating to these are presented. This is subsequently followed by estimation of compound annual growth rates of aggregate revenue and aggregate expenditure. For estimating compound annual growth rate semi-log regression model is used. Also, linear regression model on aggregate expenditure to aggregate revenue has been used.


The invention discloses an unlocking method of an electrical device and the electrical device. The unlocking method of the electrical device comprises the following steps: the electrical device being in a second state, at this time the electrical device detecting and recording information of an application program; when the electrical device switching from the second state to a first state, displaying application program icons corresponding to the application program on a touch display unit; in the first state, detecting touch and control operation of an operation body on a touch display unit; judging whether a touch and control track surrounds at least one application program icon, and obtaining a first judgment result; when the first judgment result showing that the at least one application program icon is surrounded by the touch and control track, switching the state of the electrical device to the second state, and displaying a program window of the application program corresponding to the at least one surrounded application program icon on the touch display unit. With adoption of the unlocking method of the electrical device and the electrical device, two steps of unlocking and executing program are achieved through one touch and control operation, and cruising ability of the electrical device is improved.


Introduction: Corneal power or keratometric value represents two-third of total
refractive power of the eye. It is an important parameter in intraocular lens calculation.
Purpose of the study was to evaluate repeatability and agreement of keratometric
measurements obtained from a six points-based keratometry device; IOLMaster 500 (Carl
Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) and two Placido disc-based keratometry devices;
Atlas Topographer 995 and 9000 models (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany).
Materials and method: A total of 97 post myopic laser refractive surgery subjects were
recruited. Three set of mean corneal power measurements from each device were
performed by an examiner in a single visit. The repeatability was evaluated by withinsubject
standard deviation, coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation
coefficient. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to
evaluate keratometric measurement differences between the devices. The BlandAltman
analysis was employed to assess inter-device agreement.
Results: There were no significant differences of three repeated keratometric
measurements in each device (p > 0.05). IOLMaster showed the lowest coefficient of
variations in all meridians (< 0.30%).The intraclass correlations were higher than 0.90 in
all devices. For inter-device agreement, there were statistically significant differences
between Atlas 9000-IOLMaster and Atlas 995-IOLMaster (p < 0.05). The 95% limit of
agreement ranged from 0.94 to 1.68.
Conclusion: The six points-based technology has a higher repeatability compared to ring
based technology in measuring postoperative keratometric measurements. Different
keratometry technologies cannot be used interchangeably in clinical setting.


The knowledge of the flow field in the microchannels of the ionic wind pump and other microscale heat removal devices for electronic components is important. The understanding of the flow field will lead to more effective and improved designs. Non-intrusive particle image velocimetry (PIV) utilizing microscopic objective lens is utilized to obtain the velocity field in microchannels of scales similar to those encountered in such devices. Microchannels with dimensions ranging from 0.8 mm to 2 mm are used, along with an open-channel design. The flow rate of air is held constant for the duration of each experiment and olive oil droplets (0.5 to 1.0 micrometer diameter) are used as the seed particles. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are used to replicate each test. ANSYS Fluent code is used for the computational investigations. The CFD flow fields are compared with the PIV results for validation purposes. Velocity profile information is obtained at three locations along each channel: 20%, 50%, and 80% of the channel length. Experiments are conducted on three 2 mm long channels. The cross-sections (depth and width) are 1 mm × 2 mm, 1 mm × 1 mm and 0.8 mm × 2 mm. The CFD flow fields are compared with the PIV results for validation purposes, with relative errors between CFD and PIV typically between 2% and 10%. The agreement between the PIV data and computational results validate this method.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Smartphones have become the important part of our lives. We carry Smartphones to carry out a wide range of services ranging from social networking to internet banking. Security of our private data stored in our smartphone is very important as there are thousands of applications that we can download and install from different app stores, without checking the authenticity of these apps. In order to enhance the security of our smart phones we propose and implement a novel algorithm which can stop the access of the malicious apps at runtime. The algorithm keeps track of all the apps running in the background and monitors their activity. If the app tries to do something which it was not supposed to do it automatically informs the novice user about the malicious activity. We proposed the algorithm for Android based Smartphones.


We provide a short proof for a semistability criterion which is crucial to the construction of master spaces which has drawn interest in recent research in Geometric Invariant Theory. Among the main objects of study of Geometric Invariant Theory are representations of reductive algebraic groups. Given a reductive algebraic group G, defined over a field k, a finite dimensional k-vector space W, and a rational representation p: G GL(W), one obtains an action of G on IP(W), the space of hyperplanes in W, and a representation of G on the algebra R := Sym W. By the Hilbert-Nagata theorem, the algebra RG of G-invariant elements in R is a finitely generated graded subalgebra of R. Therefore, IP(W)//G Proj RG is a projective variety, and there is a rational map 7r: IP(W) --+ IP(W)//G. This is the GIT procedure of forming a quotient. A closed point [w] C EP(W) is called semistable, if 7r is defined in [w], i.e., if there is a non-constant homogeneous element in RG not vanishing in [w]. The set IP(W)88 of semistable points is open, and a point [w] c IP(W) is called polystable, if [w] is semistable and the G-orbit of [w] is closed in P(W)88. The map 7r identifies the closed points of IP(W)//G with the set of G-orbits of polystable points. A central task of GIT is now to identify the semistable and polystable points in IP(W). This is usually achieved by the Hilbert-Mumford criterion [1]. However, if p is the direct sum of other representations, this might become too difficult. In this note, we will provide a short and elementary proof of a theorem from [2], dealing with this situation. More precisely, let k and G be as before, and W1,...,W, finite dimensional k-vector spaces. Suppose we are given representations pi: G GL(Wi), i = 1, ..., s, with W = W1 ... ED W, and p = p, ED * * ffl For any t = (Li, ...,tt) with 0 0. In all these cases, one can safely apply the Hilbert-Mumford criterion. The outcome is that the semistable points correspond to semistable L-oriented pairs, using the formulation of semistability in terms of the parameter dependent semistability concept for Bradlow pairs. This content downloaded from 220.127.116.11 on Tue, 14 Jun 2016 05:30:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms A USEFUL SEMISTABILITY CRITERION 1925 PROOF OF THE THEOREM We first prove the semistable part. By definition, the point w is semistable if and only if, for some k > 0, there is an invariant section in H0((9(k)) = SkW which does not vanish in w. Now, SkW = Oki+*+k,=k Ski W0 (g ... S S . Ws and the representation of G on SkW respects this decomposition, i.e., (SkW)G (~kl+--+k =k(SkiWl (... (? SksWs)G. Therefore, w is semistable if and only if we find a section in some (Sk~l W,, o . Sklt Wt )G which does not vanish in w. This is precisely the assertion of the theorem. Note that we have used only the very definition of semistability. The polystable part will follow easily by means of an induction from the following ClaiR. Let w' ([w= 1,v WL2], [WL3], ..., [wjt]) be a point in P(WVV, e W142) X P(13 t. ) Then w' is semistable (polystable) w.r.t. the given linearization in ((k, k3, ..., kt), if and only if either ([WI, [wI 3 ],) ..., [wI J]) is semistable (polystable) in P(.tt) w.r.t. the linearization in O (k, k3I ...., kt) for either i = 1 (and w,2 = 0) or i = 2 (and W,, = 0), or there are positive natural numbers n, k1, and k2, such that k[ +-k2 = nk and the point (Q[W,], [W62], [WL3], ..., [wI ]W1) is semistable (polystable) in P(,1,2,,3.tt) w.r.t. the linearization in O (kj, k2, nk3, ..., nkt). The semistable part is proved as before. First, we suppose that w' is polystable. With the Hilbert-Mumford criterion [1], the claim can be rephrased as follows: There exist non-negative rational numbers K, and K2, not both zero, with fK1 + r/2= k such that for every one-parameter subgroup A of G, we have


The old and beautiful metaphor of sources of law does not have the precision of a contemporary concept, but in its current use, some of the principle signs of the evolution of the Theory of Law can be discerned. If we accept that the Theory of Law has a scientific method and a subject that is different from that of the


HILE SPONTANEOUS REMISSIONS OF MELAnomas have been recorded839 in the treatment of patients with malignant melanoma with hyperimmune serums, only a few attempts have been made deliberately to provoke the body into a defensive effort immunologically. Pack,? and Kaminsky and associates6 have mentioned the possibility that rabies vaccine favorably influences the course of patients who have melanoma. With the hope that resistance could be induced, a small number of patients with generalized spread of this disease were treated with repeated infection of accessible tumors by ordinary smallpox (cowpox) vaccine. Several patients have responded favorably,2 if only temporarily, and Belisario and Milton1 using a similar technique have also reported regression of cutaneous tumors. Our case is being reported because


Site differences There are several comments on the fact that the tower is located (deliberately) at the border between two apparently different ecosystem types. Referee 1 sees the potentials and limitations of this approach when he states: Referee1: The site at Kruger 'sees' two different footprints and vegetation types. This attribtute is a strength and a weakness of this study. For ecological questions it is best to produce


The stage–discharge curve for a complex spillway geometry has been computed with a three-dimensional numerical model. The model solved the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations using the k–e turbulence model. An orthogonal fixed grid was used, where the cells could be wet, dry or partially wet. A volume-of-fluid method was used to compute the location of the free surface in the grid. The spillway consisted of four partly separated free overflow chambers, with tunnel outlets. The four tunnels joined in a collection tunnel where free surface occurred in some sections and filled the tunnel in others. The resulting stage–discharge curve, therefore, showed two parts: one for low discharges with dominantly free surface flow in the tunnels and another part when the tunnels were filled. The results were compared with a physical model study. The deviation between the computed and measured values of the rating curve were under 2% for most of the curve, but rose to a maximum value of 10% where the flow was most ...


Since it is safer and less expensive to absorb delays on the ground, air traffic control management tries to limit the duration of airborne delays by holding aircraft previous to departure when congestion at the airport of destination is anticipated. The problem of assigning appropriate ground-holds to aircraft is known as the ground-holding problem. Ground-holding decisions must be implemented in real time and for multiple airports; therefore, the speed of solution for algorithms is critical. This paper tests static and dynamic optimal solutions, and a very fast heuristic for the assignment of ground-holds in air traffic control. The optimal solutions are based on stochastic linear programming. The heurtstic incorporates elements of stochastic modeling by utilizing information conveyed by a probabilistic forecast of airport landing capacity, while taking into consideration the dynamic nature of the problem. In extensive computational experiments based on data for Logan airport, the heuristic performed significantly better than the optimal static solution, a deterministic solution, and the passive strategy of no-ground-holds; and within 5% of the optimal dynamic solution at a fraction of the computational time. Due to its remarkable efficiency, the stochastic-dynamic heuristic appears to be a promising building block in the development of fast ground-holding algorithms for the complete network of airports.


In an earlier paper, which includes pollen descriptions for 93 genera and approximately 430 species of the large tropical family Annonaceae, the author laid the foundation for a generic reclassification and natural phylogeny of the family based largely on comparative palynology. The present paper includes generic pollen descriptions for an additional 12 genera and 18 species of Annonaceae.


A new Salmonella type has been isolated from a patient with an acute gastroenteritis. No reference has been found in the literature to an organism possessing the same antigenic structure. The organsim described is designated S. claibornei and has the antigenic formula I, IX, XII…; k; 1, 5….


. A State is a group of people who live in a particular territory and organization under legitimate government whose sovereignty. State protection grant the people's rights depend on the state sovereignty. Sovereignty will depend on state needs. When the state gives justice to people, that give their rights, named human rights. Thus the state must increase protection of human rights over the crime committed by a person. Crime may cause a material and nonmaterial injury. However, the state sovereignty influences the form of state protection. Historically, according to Thomas Hobbes, state protection by the king is an obligation to his people neither felon nor misdemeanor. The people can't sue to the Royal Court, it is not his right, but the king's kindness The preamble of Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia at the fourth paragraph mention "...... in order to form a Government of the State of Indonesia that shall protect the whole people of Indonesia and the entire homeland of Indonesia, and in order to advance general prosperity, to develop the nation's intellectual life, and then .......". Then based on these provisions the government has an obligation to protect its people. Recently Indonesian must make a regulation to protect its people from the crimes. Now, sue for crime in Indonesia is represented by a prosecutor, but the prosecutor does not involve the victim.


In the article describes the activity of architects,artists and art-critics who graduated the Russian Academy of Fine Arts in XIX-XX centuries and worked in Siberia. The graduaters of the Academy of Fine Arts brought the styles and tends of classisism to the development of architecture, painting and art education of Siberia.


Children who have a parent in prison are a vulnerable group. Research suggests that such children experience a range of poor outcomes in relation to well-being, education and relationships. These outcomes are mediated by a range of factors including contact with the incarcerated parent. Similarly, prisoners who maintain contact with their families are less likely to reoffend. Evidence to support the importance of the prison system recognising and helping to maintain parenting roles for parents in prison is beginning to emerge, and this investigation sought to investigate fathers' views of an innovative parenting intervention implemented in Her Majesty's Prison Maghaberry centred around the Being a Dad programme. Eighteen fathers completed the programme. Data collected after participation indicated that fathers reported a range of positive outcomes including improved understanding of child behaviour and development and improved communication quality. Implications for further parenting support within the prison population are discussed.


This paper presents some observations made from experimenting with the use of importance sampling on large and small systems. The key point is to develop heuristics that enables the use of importance sampling even when the biasing strategy cannot be proven to be optimal or produce estimates with bounded relative error. The main observation is that the likelihood ratio and its relative error seem to be a candidate that may serve as an indication of the stability of the importance sampling estimates. This heuristic is motivated both from the simulation experiments, and from the analytic studies of the variance of the importance sampling estimate in a simple M/M/1/N-queue. It has been observed that under too heavy biasing, the importance sampling estimates with seemingly good precision (small relative error) are 1-2 order of magnitude less than the exact values. Hence, using the relative error of the importance sampling estimates will lead to wrong conclusions regarding the correctness of the estimates. This paper proposes to use the mean observed likelihood ratio, with known expectation equal to 1, and its relative error in addition to the importance sampling estimate itself.


The content of azithromycin lactobionate in the injection was determined by HPLC with HYPER-SILBDS C_8 column,the mobile phase of a mixture 0.045mol/L dihydroammonium phosphate-acetonitrile 9∶4(pH=7.1) and UV detector at 210nm at flow rate of 1mL/min and the column temperature of 25—30℃.The calibration curve is in the range of 3.0—7.0mg/mL(r= 0.9982) with average recovery of 99.9% and RSD=0.37%.The method was convenient,selective and reproducible,and was used for determination of azithromycin lactobionate injection.


Commentary to: Activated STAT3 is a mediator and biomarker of VEGF endothelial activation Shao-Hua Chen, Danielle A. Murphy, Wiem Lassoued, Gavin Thurston, Michael D. Feldman, William M.F. Le


The premise of this paper is to re-examine Dickens' Bleak House and reveal that, while considerable thought and lengthy discussions were devoted to highlight the theme of law in Dickens' novel, scant attention has been given to show how the novelist uses stylistic topoi to inject hidden political assumptions in the novel and voice his own ironical conception of law and justice in the Mid-Victorian society. With this end in view, the study suggests to explore Dickens' literary style and the motifs he uses to achieve his goal with a particular focus on imagery, sarcasm and irony. Article visualizations:


The stability constants of the Ag(I) complexes of nine amino-alcohols have been determined at 25.0±0.1 ° and in an ionic medium of 0.5 M KNO3. Because of the high values of k2/k1 the formation curves are very steep and it was preferable to calculate the stability constants from pH and pAg measurements. No relationship was found between the acidity constants of the ligands and the stability constants of the Ag(I) complexes.


A kinetic spectropllotometry for the determiaation of trace silver based on Ag+ as catalyst of the reaction of K4Fe(CN)8 with thiourea has been investigated. A linear response was obtained in the range 0-0.05μg Ag/ml. The detection limit is 0.5ng/ml. The method has been used for the determination of trace silver in geological samples with satisfactory results.


This paper examines the determinants of cash holdings in a sample of Finnish small and micro firms. Our results suggest that lending relationships and the share of managerial ownership both have a significant impact on cash holdings. The results on the relationship lending variables indicate that using multiple banks reduces the level of cash holdings. This suggests that firms with not so tight relationships with their banks have easier access to funds and therefore less need for cash holdings. The results also suggest that a similar effect can be achieved by building long-term bank-borrower relationships in cases where the firm has outstanding loans from one bank at the most. The results on managerial ownership variables indicate that the relationship between cash holdings and managerial ownership is cubic but that this result only holds for the larger firms in the sample and for the firms that borrow from two or more banks. Furthermore, our results show that larger firms, firms facing financial constraints and firms with high debt to assets ratios all hold more cash.


A forward-marching procedure for separated boundary-layer flows which permits the rapid and accurate solution of flows of limited extent is presented. The streamwise convection of vorticity in the reversed flow region is neglected, and this approximation is incorporated into a previously developed (Carter, 1974) inverse boundary-layer procedure. The equations are solved by the Crank-Nicolson finite-difference scheme in which column iteration is carried out at each streamwise station. Instabilities encountered in the column iterations are removed by introducing timelike terms in the finite-difference equations. This provides both unconditional diagonal dominance and a column iterative scheme, found to be stable using the von Neumann stability analysis.


We study the influence of Szegő projector on the L2−critical non linear focusing Schrödinger equation, leading to the quintic focusing NLS–Szegő equation on the line i∂tu+ ∂ 2 xu+ Π(|u|u) = 0, (t, x) ∈ R× R, u(0, ·) = u0. It has no Galilean invariance but the momentum P (u) = 〈−i∂xu, u〉L2 becomes the Ḣ 1 2−norm. Thus this equation is globally well-posed in H1 + = Π(H1(R)), for every initial datum u0. The solution L2−scatters both forward and backward in time if u0 has sufficiently small mass. By using the concentration– compactness principle, we prove the orbital stability of some weak type of the traveling wave : uω,c(t, x) = eiωtQ(x + ct), for some ω, c > 0, where Q is a ground state associated to Gagliardo–Nirenberg type functional I(f) = ‖∂xf‖2L2‖f‖ 4 L2 + γ〈−i∂xf, f〉2L2‖f‖ 2 L2 ‖f‖6 L6 , ∀f ∈ H +\{0}, for some γ ≥ 0. Its Euler–Lagrange equation is a non local elliptic equation. The ground states are completely classified in the case γ = 2, leading to the actual orbital stability for appropriate traveling waves. As a consequence, the scattering mass threshold of the focusing quintic NLS–Szegő equation is strictly below the mass of ground state associated to the functional I(0), unlike the recent result by Dodson [8] on the usual quintic focusing non linear Schrödinger equation.


Abstract Introduction. Numerous clinical symptoms found in patients with temporomandibular disorders include non-carious lesions, such as V-shaped lesions, wear facets, enamel cracks, and impressions on the tongue or changes in the buccal mucosa. In addition, loosening and dislocation of teeth may occur. Aim. The aim of the study was to obtain a clinical assessment of the prevalence and severity of non-carious lesions of dental hard tissues (attrition and abrasion) in patients treated for functional temporomandibular disorders. Material and methods. The clinical research was performed among 45 patients of both genders, aged 16-38 years, treated at the Department of Functional Masticatory Disorders at the Medical University of Lublin, Poland. The study group consisted of 30 patients with diagnosed temporomandibular disorders. The control group included 15 individuals with no diagnosed temporomandibular disorders. The control group was selected using the method of analogues (considering age, gender and dental status). The examinations were performed before the treatment and twelve weeks after its beginning. Results. The study found significantly higher values of the prevalence and severity of attrition in the patients group, in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). In the case of abrasion, higher values of the studied variables of prevalence and severity of lesions in the patients, compared to controls, were also found, but the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Attrition occurs more frequently and is more severe in patients with diagnosed temporomandibular disorders than in those without such diagnosis. However, no significant differences have been found in the prevalence and severity of abrasion in both groups.


According to the feature of the cost of an architecture ornamental engineering,using fuzzy mathematics theory and calculation method,the similar degree between the project planned and the project built is studied,and the subject function value and intimate degree of every characteristic element of the project planned are calculated,according to the fabrication cost of the project built,the fabrication cost of the project planned can be determined accurately and rapidly.The application of the model is presented through an example.


Effect of sub chronic doses of carbosulfan exposure on humoral and cell mediated immune responses were studied in Swiss albino mice using SRBC, BSA and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) as antigens. Response of humoral and cell mediated immune responses was found to be in a dose dependent pattern. However, activity of Ach E in RBC decreased in carbosulfan treated mice (70 ± 7%, p<0.05 and 69 ± 5%, p<0.05 for 150 and 300 µg/kg body weight, respectively) as compared to control. No alteration in Ach E activity (78 ± 2%) was observed in mice exposed to 75 µg/kg body weight. However serum antibody titre to BSA and Ig M, PFC response to SRBC were found to be decreased significantly in the experimental animals exposed to carbosulfan (150 and 300 µg/kg body weight). Suppression of immune response by carbosulfan even at sub chronic doses is clearly an important aspect for its safety evaluation.


As an interventional radiologic technique,percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) has treated compression fracture of vertebral body by osteoporosis and other diseases effectively and safely.It has good curative effect and less complications.This article introduce all the recent literatures and reports about the clinic application and developing tread of PV.


Most literature that labels certain behavior as "irrational" ignores the etymology of the word "rational." To be "rational" is to be proportionate (i.e., in a ratio). The question is, "proportionate to what?" To label behavior as irrational is to assert that the behavior is not proportionate to what the one doing the labeling considers appropriate. Perhaps the one being labeled as irrational has a different perspective or world-view than the one doing the labeling. Who is to say the one doing the labeling is the arbitrator of what is or is not proportionate? This is especially evident in claims that investor behavior is "irrational." Perhaps it is "irrational" relative to the valuation model of the researcher, but it is clearly consistent - or rational - relative to the beliefs and preferences of the one engaged in the putatively irrational behavior. A classic illustration is in "momentum investing strategies" where an investor extrapolates from the recent price movements future price movements. This could be an entirely efficient use of information and is consistent with a belief that what happened in the near past will continue into the near future. To label this as "irrational" is nothing but arrogance.


The expression "Slavic catharsis" was coined by Vladimir Helfert. The characterology of Slavic operatic figures may be obsolete, but his thoughts remain an interesting contribution to the history of the use of the Greek concept. Helfert intended to grasp the musico-dramatical idiom of Janacek's operas where the element of "catharsis" is omnipresent. The work of Janacek suggests a new definition of "catharsis" in operatic music: more than a mere purification, it is to be understood as an insight in hidden truth.


The publication of a new NHS statutory instrument reminds GP arcana collector Steve Ainsworth of a time when practices wanted more patients


Method and device for the analysis of biological samples are disclosed, wherein the device comprises a reader with an electrically conductive housing, which is electrically coupled to the circuitry inside the housing. This shall avoid damage to the circuitry by reducing the possibility of an electrostatic potential between the housing touched by a user and the circuitry.


Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases incidence, so as to provide scientific basis for developing policies. Methods Cases of food poisoning and six kinds of notifiable foodborne gastrointestinal infectious diseases in Anhui Province in 2005 were collected and analyzed. Results 43371 cases of gastrointestinal infectious diseases were reported in Anhui Province in 2005. Infectious diarrhea that ranked the first accounted for 54.13% of the total cases. Next was bacillary dysentery. The annual incidence of foodborne infectious diseases was 67.5/100,000. Foodborne infectious diseases had an obvious seasonal incidence peak during May - October, and the peak months were occurred during June - July. Most cases occurred in peasants and children less than 5-years-old; male were more than female. The annual incidence of food poisoning was 0.384/ 100,000, and the fatality rate was 5.22%.The death resulted from pesticides and other chemicals. Conclusion To eliminate and control foodborne diseases hazards, infectious diarrhea and food poisoning prevention and control should be strengthened in the future and surveillance system of foodborne disease should be improved.


Detailed magnetic studies including magneto-caloric measurements on magnetic multiferroic quadruple perovskite CaMn7O12 are presented. Based on the collective response of Arrott plots and {\Delta}SM (T), a magnetic phase diagram of CaMn7O12 is suggested. A new magnetic transition at TN3 ~20 K where the system changes from noncollinear AFM to collinear AFM is reported. An anomaly observed in both {\Delta}SM (T) and Arrott plots around 64 K has been attributed to high external field induced spin canting leading to change in magnetic order inducing phase transition. Magneto-caloric effect in this material is presented for the first time. The peak value of change in isothermal magnetic entropy is 1.3 J/K-Kg and the value of refrigeration capacity is reported to be 34.5 J/Kg for the field of 7 T.


THIS MATTER comes before the Court pursuant to the Court's May 17, 2019 Opinion and Order Denying Motion for Summary Judgment (# 72), and the Plaintiffs' brief in response (# 74). The Court assumes the reader's familiar with the proceedings to date and the specific contents of the May 17, 2019 Order, which the Court deems incorporated herein by reference. In summary, Ms. Smith is the owner of 303 Creative, LLC ("303"),2 and engaged in the business of


The majority of the population uses clean water sourced from the PDAM (Indonesian Regional Water Supply Company) pipeline to meet their daily needs. However, clean water utilization is sometimes not smooth because the upstream's water supply is stalled or the PDAM pipeline disrupted. This disruption that often occurs slowly causes routine community activities, such as bathing or cooking, become stop because clean water is a basic need. Thus, a system is needed to provide early warning when the PDAM water supply starts to have problems so that the community can make initial anticipation. This study designed a prototype of an early warning system using an Arduino-based water flow sensor that records water flow discharge data on the PDAM pipeline and sent to the Firebase Realtime Database to be monitored in real-time through an Android application. The system testing is done by black-box testing, i.e. we check all functions of this system, mainly on sending a warning notification when the water flow debt is at a low rate. In the end, by using this system, the user can prepare themselves early, such as collecting residual water debit in the tub and save water when there is a disruption in PDAM water.


This paper considers the existence of local and global-in-time strong solutions to the advection-diffusion equation with variable coefficients on an evolving surface with a boundary. We apply both the maximal $L^p$-in-time regularity for Hilbert space-valued functions and the semigroup theory to construct local and global-in-time strong solutions to an evolution equation. Using the approach and our function spaces on the evolving surface, we show the existence of local and global-in-time strong solutions to the advection-diffusion equation. Moreover, we derive the asymptotic stability of the global-in-time strong solution.


This study offers a detailed analysis of community-based management (CBM) in a small island in Indonesia. In the study site, area-specific stewardship for a marine territory was informally institutionalized and, in addition to state rules, locally devised rules based on informal agreements have emerged. Using multiple methods for the analysis of the perceptions of the local community, this research examines the actual impact of the different rules on the fishing patterns in that sea territory, and illuminates the rationales of the local population to engage (or not) in the community-based approach to manage the marine resources. The study shows that the CBM initiative has to be seen as part of a convoluted regulatory system that impacts the fishing behavior in the sea territory. A lack of official authority to formally develop and especially to locally enforce rules represents a key challenges for the CBM initiative. This is further complicated by severe coordination problems between the local community and higher level state actors. The study further shows that the motivation of the community members to engage in the enforcement of the informal rules is strongly based on short-term economic considerations. For rules that are perceived to have a strong impact on the individual fishing yields, the fear of potential short-term economic losses constitutes a particular success factor of the local initiative since it motivates the members of the community to enforce local rules, especially when outside fishers break the rules. Yet, if rule-breaking is not perceived to decrease individual fishing yield, or if benefits of the generated yields are shared with the community as a compensation mechanism, the motivation of the community members to engage in rule enforcement ceases.


Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived to determine the effect of increases in Rothschild-Stiglitz risk on optimal decisions in a class of competitive models with price uncertainty. Outside risk aversion and composite outside risk aversion are defined. The effect of increased risk on the optimal decision is controlled by composite outside risk aversion. It is decomposed into a wealth effect, controlled by downside risk aversion, and an uncertainty effect, controlled by outside risk aversion. Composite outside risk aversion is shown to be equivalent to outside risk aversion, so that the uncertainty effect controls the overall effect. Copyright 1995 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.


In this paper, an extended high-dimensional Melnikov method is used to investigate global and chaotic dynamics of a simply supported 3D-kagome truss core sandwich plate subjected to the transverse and the in-plane excitations. Based on the motion equation derived by Zhang and the method of multiple scales, the averaged equation is obtained for the case of principal parametric resonance and 1:2 sub-harmonic resonance for the first-order mode and primary resonance for the second-order mode. From the averaged equation obtained, the system is simplified to a three order standard form with a double zero and a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues by using the theory of normal form. Then, the extended Melnikov method is utilized to investigate the Shilnikov-type multi-pulse heteroclinic bifurcations and existence of chaos. The analysis of the extended Melnikov method demonstrates that there exist the Shilnikov-type multi-pulse heteroclinic bifurcations and chaos in the four-dimensional non-autonomous nonlinear system. Finally, the results of numerical simulations also show that for the nonlinear system of simply supported 3D-kagome truss core sandwich plate with the transverse and the in-plane excitations, the Shilnikov-type multi-pulse motion of chaos can happen and further verify the result of theoretical analysis.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Terrace sequences provide insights into flood plain development. Many studies have examined the cross-sectional morphology and correlation of terraces, but this is only part of the story. Longitudinal correlation can provide a far greater insight into flood plain development processes and the spatial significance of these processes. Here we examine flood plain development from the longitudinal correlation of river terrace sequences in a sand-dominated flood plain. The terrace remnants are discontinuous, having been separated longitudinally by the partial erosion of the flood plain. Terraces along the study reach ranged from recently abandoned (490 ± 60 yBP), poorly developed, vertically accreted flood plains to weathered, early Holocene deposits (10 050 ± 260 yBP). They occurred as inset, fill features which indicated successive phases of alluvial erosion and deposition as well as burial of previous terrace surfaces. Terrace morphology alone did not provide sufficient evidence of longitudinal correlation. Sedimentology and chronology were also vital in correlating these remnants. Four terraces (the Baramul Sequence) were identified in the reach showing progressively younger characteristics and ages. The longitudinal correlation of each discontinuous terrace remnant shows considerable variation over time in response to gradient changes, discharge, sediment size and stream sinuosity. Results show that climate and the local exceedence of geomorphic thresholds have influenced river terrace formation and highlight the significance of chronology in establishing longitudinal correlation of terrace remnants with varying morphology. The Baramul Sequence shows a progressive relative fall in bed-level and reduction in slope over the Holocene. This is likely to have been accompanied by progressive contraction of the channel and indicates a reduction in mean discharge over the last 6-7 ka.


Urban population has been increasing at an unprecedented rate accommodating more than half of the world population in cities. Massive human intervention in the tropical region contributes to loss of environmental integrity amplifying challenges like air pollution, deforestation, water scarcity, local extinction and destruction of natural landscapes. To shape the international community's attitude towards economic, social and environmental development regarding environmental integrity different methods- Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), Clean Development Mechanism (CMD) - are introduced. However, these methods have some limitations along with opportunities. This paper reviewed and analyzed existing methods in order to promote environmental integrity in the rapidly growing urban settings. Based on the drawbacks of current methods a new Environmental Integrity Index (EII) is proposed where indicators are selected while considering social, economic and environmental aspects. The index aims to combine data from field surveys, GIS and remote sensing, and economic and social analysis. We anticipate that this proposed index can support planning for sustainable cities by promoting environmental integrity and balancing biological and ecological components in a highly intricate urban system.


Objective: To observe the clinical effects of Modified Pinellia Heart-Draining Decoction on chronic atrophic gastritis( CAG). Methods: 100 cases with CAG were randomized into obseration group and control group,with 50 cases in each group.Control group were given triple therapy with Omeprazole as the main medicine while observation group were given Modified Pinellia Heart-Draining Decoction,30 d as a treatment course for both groups. The clinical effects and the influences on inflammatory cytokines and immunity after the treatment in both groups were observed. Results: The effective rate of observation group was obviously higher than that of control group. The levels of IL-1,IL-2,IL-6 and TNF-αin observation group were apparently lower than these in control group. The levels of CD3 +,CD4 + and CD4 + / CD8 + in observation group were markedly higher than these in control group,and the level of CD8 + was significantly lower than that in control group. Conclusion: Modified Pinellia Heart-Draining Decoction has remarkable therapeutic effects on CAG.


The Mossbauer spectroscopy has been applied to iodine-doped polyacetylene employing 129 I. It is found that the polymer films contain I - , I 3 - and I 5 - with symmetrical charge population, where the content of each iodide anion depends on the doping level. Under dynamic evacuation, it is elucidated that I 5 - converts to I 3 - by the elimination of I 2 from I 5 - . The variation of electrical conductivity in iodine-doped polyacetylene is discussed with the mechanism of charge transfer from the polymer and with the mutual conversion of iodide anions.


The poster presents a framework for providing object persistence in object-oriented programming languages without modifying the run-time system or the language itself. The framework does not rely on any kind of special programming language features. It only uses basic object-oriented programming techniques, and is therefore implementable in any object-oriented programming language.


The most of the scenes in  created by Sylvain Chomet is without dialogue and they convey a story through images. This work used advantage of animation to show characters, backgrounds, and situations. Most of the people living in Belleville are overweight and walking with a waddling gait, and there is a character that reminds us of Mickey Mouse. The triplets barely make a living by eating mutant frogs in polluted waters, and there is filled with images that seem to have some meaning, such as the fat Statue of Liberty holding a hamburger in Belleville. Although this work shows a simple heroic narrative structure in which a grandmother who is the main character rescues her grandson kidnapped by the mafia with triplets, the outstanding images make us consider many things deeper rather than just a confrontation between good and evil, or didactic contents. This study analyzes the theme of  using Actantial model of Greimass and semiotic rectangle as analysis tools. It is hoped that this paper is helpful for those who are curious to know about the meaning of the work, which has many meanings with unique images.


The topic of moving-target detection in clutter has been extensively studied, there are many methods, such as along-track interferometric (ATI) phase, displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) method, space-time adaptive processing (STAP), or some other metrics. A canonical framework is proposed that encompasses ATI and DPCA. The statistical test metric for ATI and DPCA is established in an simple form, via the definition of the complex central Wishart distribution, deduces the statistics of the test metric, the probability distribution of the test metric for ATI and DPCA have the complex central Wishart distribution of 1times1 case, namely the chi2- distribution. The theory foundation offers the possibility to construct the united multi-channel SAR GMTI detector, and derive the constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) detector tests for separating moving targets from clutter.


Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic lymphoid tissues involved in chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and cancer. They exhibit almost all the characteristics of secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), which are associated with adaptive immune responses; as such, they contain organized B-cell follicles with germinal centers, distinct areas containing T cells and dendritic cells, high endothelial venules, and lymphatics. In this review, we briefly describe the formation of SLO, and describe the cellular subsets and molecular cues involved in the formation and maintenance of TLS. Finally, we discuss the associations of TLS with human diseases, especially autoimmune diseases, and the potential for therapeutic targeting.


Considering that the cost of cellulases and hemicellulases substantially contributes to the price of 2nd-generation ethanol, reducing the cost of the substances used as inducers of cellulose and xylose is essential to reducing the cost of these enzymes. Penicillium echinulatum is able to secrete most hemicellulolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the use of xylose for the production of cellulases and xylanases by two mutant strains of P. echinulatum (9A02S1 and S1M29) and the parental 2HH. Xylose acts as an inducer for the production of xylanases and cellulases, especially endoglucanases. These data indicate the possibility of using the pentose xylose, which is not used by the majority of yeast for ethanol production, as a total or partial substitute in cellulose-based processes for the production of enzymes for enzymatic hydrolysis.


Quantifying the heterogeneity of treatment effect is important for understanding how a commercial product or medical treatment affects different subgroups in a population. Beyond the overall impact reflected parameters like the average treatment effect, the analysis of treatment effect heterogeneity further reveals details on the importance of different covariates and how they lead to different treatment impacts. One relevant parameter that addresses such heterogeneity is the variance of treatment effect across different covariate groups, however the treatment effect is defined. One can also derive variable importance parameters that measure (and rank) how much of treatment effect heterogeneity is explained by a targeted subset of covariates. In this article, we propose a new targeted maximum likelihood estimator for a treatment effect variable importance measure. This estimator is a pure plug-in estimator that consists of two steps: 1) the initial estimation of relevant components to plug in and 2) an iterative updating step to optimize the bias-variance tradeoff. The simulation results show that this TMLE estimator has competitive performance in terms of lower bias and better confidence interval coverage compared to the simple substitution estimator and the estimating equation estimator. The application of this method also demonstrates the advantage of a substitution estimator, which always respects the global constraints on the data distribution and that the estimand is a particular function of the distribution.


Abstract Background In 2017, the multiplex respiratory viral panel (RVP) test was the only test available for patients (pts) with respiratory symptoms in our emergency department (ED). In 2018, the more rapid influenza/respiratory syncytial virus (Flu/RSV) test was incorporated in a stratified testing algorithm (STA) – depending on clinical features and physician discretion, pts underwent either Flu/RSV or RVP. We analyzed the STA impact by comparing data between winters of 2017 and 2018. Methods In a retrospective, single-center cohort study in suburban NY, admitted pts ≥18 years diagnosed with viral infections (by either test) were included. We excluded pts diagnosed at another hospital, admitted to intensive care or observation (< 24 hours) units and pts with missing data. Data was collected through electronic medical chart review. Primary outcomes were clinical evaluation time [time between triage and test order]; laboratory-turnaround (lta) time (between order and result); ED length of stay [EDLOS] (between admit order and bed assignment). Secondary outcomes included isolation time (between result to start of isolation precautions), treatment time (between result to influenza treatment). Outcome differences were assessed using Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney rank sum tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results 734 pts were included in the study [368 in 2017; 366 in 2018]. Median age was 75 years and 55.9% were female. After implementing the STA, EDLOS was significantly lower [Table 1], with no significant differences in other parameters. Lta times were slightly higher after implementation [25 minutes (2017) v/s 29 minutes (2018)]. Table 1. Differences in clinical and laboratory turnaround times among patients admitted with viral infections in winters of 2017 and 2018 Conclusion A stratified diagnostic algorithm may have reduced EDLOS, but without significant differences in other outcomes. A higher lta time might have been due to testing constraints, heterogeneous pt populations or other confounders. Prospective studies will help assess the real-world impact of such algorithms. Disclosures Prashant Malhotra, MBBS, MD,FACP, FIDSA, Gilead Sciences (Scientific Research Study Investigator, Other Financial or Material Support, Site PI for a industry funded multi center research study)


Spot size is a fundamental parameter that expresses the degree of spreading of the transverse electric field distribution of a guided mode. This quantity is used when there is offset loss between different guided wave elements. It is extremely important to determine an accurate spot size value in the design of an optical integrated circuit containing a number of guided wave devices. the goal to derive a highly precise spot size requires a least square approximation of a transverse electric field distribution of the guided wave in terms of the electric field of a Gaussian beam.

The transverse electric field distribution of the fundamental mode propagating in an optical waveguide was expanded orthogonally in terms of Hermite-Gaussian functions. With a 0th-order expansion coefficient as the maximum, an approximate equation suitable for highly accurate numerical computation was derived. the present equation does not change its equation form by Fourier transform and has mathematical validity. Fur ther, when the approximate equation is used in the present study, the junction loss of the offset axes of the waveguides can be approximated best by that of the Gaussian beam waves.

This paper uses as an example the TE mode in a three-layered slab waveguide in studies of approximation accuracy for the defined spot size value. With the present approximate equation, the spot size can be derived accurately by a successive approximation. It was demonstrated with an actual successive approximation that accuracy improves significantly and is better than the one obtained from a conventional equation.


In this article we studied the features of ekological and geochemical pollution by heavy metals урбаноземов Kaspiysk are investigated. The card of total pollution of soils of an urban area is made.


The present invention discloses a method for automatic detection of Ships Shuichi based image processing, image processing technology combined, using the relative position of the traces of water in the water line and the video image invariant features, the use of edge detection and Hough geometric correction transform to find two longest edge line, i.e. the traces of water and the waterline, by removing the two lines located above the water traces, so as to obtain the true waterline. Small amount of calculation used in the image processing according to the present invention, to achieve easy, and which overcomes the disadvantages of low precision artificial visual way, image processing techniques more suitable for ship load measurement environment.


F. M. Martin, S. Fox and Kathleen Murray, Children Out of Court, Scottish Academic Press, 1981. xv + 331 pp. £15.00. On April 15th, 1981 the Children's Hearings system in Scotland completed ten years of operation. Since its inception it has been the subject of considerable international interest. This is reflected in the fact that though the research reported on in Children Out of Court was planned and conceived at the University of Glasgow, it was in fact funded by the United States Department of Justice. The major objectives were to conduct a 'systematic examination of a major social innovation' and also 'to provide a framework for empirical findings within which the case for developments in policy, practice and training could be argued' (p. 43). Rejecting earlier studies as mainly impressionistic and localized in nature, the researchers undertook a national study of decision-making in the children's hearing system which would be both a representative and a comprehensive enquiry into the main aspects of the administration of juvenile justice in Scotland. Thus, the book contains a wealth of material on the exercise of discretion by the Reporter (a key figure in the system since it is his decision whether a child is referred to a hearing or not); the factors involved in the reaching of decisions by panel members; the format of the actual hearings; the content of reports prepared for hearings; the opinions on and beliefs about the causes of delinquency held by panel members; the perception of their role by social workers; and, surely of considerable interest, interviews with the children themselves. There is also a discussion of the implications of the study for reform of juvenile justice in America.


alluded to but is left largely unexplored throughout the text, beyond a study of rate-payers' chagrin at increased Poor Rates owing to Irish immigration in the 1840s and a few scattered references to competition for employment. Similarly disappointing is the fact that despite early mentions of the crowd studies of Rude, Bohstedt and Stevenson, Neal's book fails to address adequately the difficult question of the sectarian rioter. Instead, a more traditional history emerges with an emphasis on prominent individuals like Hugh M'Neile and George Wise, which fails to approach the identity and emotions of a largely faceless crowd. The analytical dimension of the book is scant and unsatisfactory at best but in the latter stages breaks down altogether into a simple narrative of the important events of the period 1890-1914. To be fair to Neal it must be said that he describes his own motives as 'visceral rather than academic', and in adopting 'a broadly narrative approach' in the hope of interesting both an academic and a popular readership he inevitably falls short of satisfying the former group's desire for analysis. Perhaps the real fault of the book lies in the promise of its publicity, claims which only the most in-depth scholarly work could possibly meet. Most frustrating of all is that in the last two pages Neal produces a series of fascinating suggestions regarding the nature of sectarianism, which, had they been at all discussed or developed in the text proper, would have vastly enhanced the academic value of the book. Unfortunately, in the previous 249 pages the opportunity was permitted to go begging. Philip Ingram Lancashire Polytechnic


Lens-based millimeter-wave massive MIMO technologies could reduce the number of required radio frequency chains at the base station without a loss of performance, but require the beamspace channel information, which is often costly to obtain. In this paper, a low-complexity scheme to estimate the channel for lens-based 3D millimeter wave massive MIMO systems is proposed. Beamspace analysis shows that the main entries of the channel matrix form a dual crossing (DC) shape. Existing DC-based channel estimation algorithms have a very high computational complexity. The proposed algorithm eliminates the process of repeatedly selecting the main row and column that is required in existing algorithms, and provides a solution even when certain entries exceed the matrix boundary. It thus has a much lower computational complexity than existing algorithms. Additionally it achieves a smaller normalized mean-squared error of the channel estimates than existing DC-based algorithms.


Acid leaching process has been adapted for the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and radionuclides. This method has been reported to be simple, and economically promising. Moreover it can be applicable for on-site and off-site remediations as well. Investigations were conducted on an acid leaching process using surrogate contaminated soils. Size sieving, agglomeration and column leaching were carried out with soils artificially contaminated with Co and Cs, respectively. Size distribution was analyzed for a determination of the particle size required to be agglomerated. Because of the low water permeability of the soils due to their fine particles, they were sieved by using a sieve with a 0.075 mm size (No. 200 mesh) for an agglomeration. The soils with a size smaller than 0.075 mm were agglomerated by using 2 % sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), while the soils with a size larger than 0.075 mm were used directly for the column leaching test. From the preliminary test (the batch scale leaching test), 0.1 M of HCl was determined as the effective leaching agent for Co and Cs. Finally, the soils mixed with the coarse soil and the agglomerated soil were decontaminated with 0.1M HCl within 11.3 days and the removal efficiencies of Co and Cs were 94.0 % and 82.8 %, respectively. In conclusion, an acid leaching process could be applied for a remediation of


Siparuna campii, S. guajalitensis, and S. pubancura from central Ecuador, S. multifora and S. conica from northwestern Ecuador and western Colombia, S. verticillata from Amazonian Ecuador, and S. cascada from southeastern Ecuador are described, illustrated, and discussed as to their relationships with morphologically similar species. Macrophotographs of male and female flowers illustrate the unusual details of Siparuna floral struc-


The invention provides a blue-green organic electroluminescent device which takes di (4,6-difluoro phenyl pyridine-N,C2) pyridine formyl iridium as a blue-green organic luminescent material, the luminescent material has high luminescent efficiency and superior electronic transmission capacity, a scope of a luminescent interval is restricted and balanced distribution of electrons and holes in a recombination region is ensured by optimizing doping concentrations of the luminescent material in a hole dominant luminescent layer and an electron dominant luminescent layer respectively, and decreasing of the efficiency of the device is slowed down, so that the device achieves high-brightness blue-green electroluminescence under lower working voltage, that is the luminescent efficiency, the brightness and the thermostability of the device are improved while the working voltage of the blue-green organic electroluminescent device is reduced.


The effects of deep turbulence in long-range imaging applications presents unique challenges to properly measure and correct for aberrations incurred along the atmospheric path. In practice, digital holography can detect the path-integrated wavefront distortions caused by deep turbulence, and di erent recording geometries offer different benefits depending on the application of interest. Previous studies have evaluated the performance of the off-axis image and pupil plane recording geometries for deep-turbulence sensing. This study models digital holography in the on-axis phase shifting recording geometry using wave optics simulations. In particular, the analysis models spherical-wave propagation through varying deep-turbulence conditions to estimate the complex optical field, and performance is evaluated by calculating the field-estimated Strehl ratio and RMS wavefront error. Altogether, the results show that digital holography in the on-axis phase shifting recording geometry is an effective wavefront-sensing method in the presence of deep turbulence.


Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of retrievable esophageal covered metal internal stent in treating patients with achalasia.Methods Under DSA guidance,peroral"Z-type"double horn covered metal internal stent implantation was performed in 16 patients with achalasia.Esophagography was carried out about 28 days after the procedure and the stent was retrieved.Results Of 16 cases,the stent fell off into the stomach two weeks after the operation in one.And the stent was successfully replaced after it was taken out.The placed stent was successfully retrieved in all cases 28 days after the treatment.No serious complications occurred.All the patients were followed up for 3 months to 3 years.During the follow-up period restenosis of the esophagus developed in two cases(at one and 1.5 years respectively),and the restenosis degree was relived after balloon dilation.Clinically,no esophageal symptoms,such as dysphagia,occurred in all patients.Conclusion As a simple and safe technique,the retrievable esophageal covered metal internal stent implantation is very effective with fewer complications for the treatment of achalasia.Moreover,the technique carries lower restenosis occurrence.


Studies focused on the impact and mechanical behavior of SiC and Si3N4 at high temperatures are summarized. Instrumented Charpy impact testing is analyzed by a compliance method and related to strength; slow crack growth is related to processing, and creep is discussed. The transient nature of flaw populations during oxidation under load is emphasized for both SiC and Si3N4.


SummaryBoeck's sarcoid with isolated ocalization in the musculature is a disorder that is only seldom seen. In most cases the muscles are affected simultaneously with other tissues and organs, and then the symptoms do not give rise to differential diagnostic difficulties. The patients generally complain of pain and loss of strength in the musculature affected. Physical examination shows a varying degree of loss of strength, palpable nodular infiltrates in the muscles or, in rarer cases, with progressive muscular atrophy as the only symptoms. In the case of purely muscular localization the diagnosis of Boeck's sarcoid can only be established by muscle biopsy.In the present case the patient, a joiner, aged 38, complained of pain and increasing loss of strength, first in the right, later in the left shoulder and upper arm. Physical examination showed weakening and atrophy of both shoulder girdles and of the flexor muscles of the right elbow-joint. No palpable changes were found in the muscles involved.Otherw...


Purpose. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of static overstretching on performing a vertical jump. Methods. A methodological model was used, using descriptive and comparative methods on 45 randomly selected under-15-year-old male soccer players. Three jump test measurements were taken over a period of several days, where the first measurement included a pre-test in order to familiarize the athletes with using a contact mat, where maximum vertical jump height was recorded as a control. The second measurement had the athletes perform a vertical jump after static overstretching of the lower limbs. The third test had the athletes perform another vertical jump with no overstretching as another control. Results. The results found a significant difference in vertical jump heights ( % = 34.1%, p < 0.05), with jumps performed after static overstretching to be much lower. Conclusions. The usage of such a static overstretching method negatively influences the vertical jump within the tested group of under-15 male soccer players.


Advances in data analysis techniques may play a decisive role in the discovery reach of particle collider experiments. However, the importing of expertise and methods from other data-centric disciplines such as machine learning and statistics faces significant hurdles, mainly due to the established use of different language and constructs. A large part of this document, also conceived as an introduction to the description of an analysis searching for non-resonant Higgs pair production in data collected by the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), is therefore devoted to a broad redefinition of the relevant concepts for problems in experimental particle physics. The aim is to better connect these issues with those in other fields of research, so the solutions found can be repurposed.

The formal exploration of the properties of the statistical models at particle colliders is useful to highlight the main challenges posed by statistical inference in this context: the multi-dimensional nature of the models, which can be studied only in a generative manner via forward simulation of observations, and the effect of nuisance parameters. The first issue can be tackled with likelihood-free inference methods coupled with the use of low-dimensional summary statistics, which may be constructed either with machine learning techniques or through physically motivated variables (e.g. event reconstruction). The second, i.e. the misspecification of the generative model which is addressed by the inclusion of nuisance parameters, reduces the effectiveness of summary statistics constructed with machine-learning techniques.

A subset of the data analysis techniques formally discussed in the introductory part of the document are also exploited to study the non-resonant production process pp → HH → bbbb at the LHC in the context of the Standard Model (SM) and its extensions in effective fields theories (EFT), based on anomalous couplings of the Higgs field. Data collected in 2016 by the CMS detector and corresponding to a total of 35.9 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions are used to set an 95% confidence upper limit at 847 fb on the production cross section σ(pp → HH → bbbb) in the SM. Upper limits are also obtained for the cross sections corresponding to a representative set of points of the parameter space of EFT. The combination of those results with the ones obtained from the study of other decay channels of HH pairs is also discussed.

In addition, the exercise of reformulating the goals of high energy physics analysis as a statistical inference problem is combined with modern machine learning technologies to develop a new technique, referred to as inference-aware neural optimisation. The technique produces summary statistics which directly minimise the expected uncertainty on the parameters of interest, optimally accounting for the effect of nuisance parameters. The application of this technique to a synthetic problem demonstrates that the obtained summary statistics are considerable more effective than those obtained with standard supervised learning methods, when the effect of the nuisance parameters is significant. Assuming its scalability to LHC data scenarios, this technique has ground-breaking potential for analyses dominated by systematic uncertainties.


ABSTRACT RESERVOIRS lined with unpro-tected flexible membrane and film are subject to damage during high winds. The magnitude and loca-tion of wind forces were determined over reservoir models in a wind tunnel. Reservoir geometric characteristics studied included leeward and ap-proach slope, approach-slope height, and breadth-to-depth ratio. The nega-tive pressure area in relationship to the entire reservoir was minimum when the approach and leeward slopes and breadth-to-depth ratio were at the minimums studied, 1:4, 1:4, and 5, re-spectively. Under these conditions, the adverse pressure area was confined to the leeward slope and a small area near the top edge of the downwind slope, and the entire reservoir bottom was under positive pressure. In contrast, when the slope was steeper, flow sepa-ration zones probably were more fully developed and covered larger parts of the reservoirs (entire reservoir when the breadth-to-depth ratio was 5), which resulted in nearly constant neg-ative pressures over the interior sur-faces of these systems.


In work of birth control in national areas,Ningxia Hui Autonomous region explores and creates a new model: the project of 'bearing little and getting rich quickly',which changes the previous model of 'punishment for more offspring' into that of 'reward for fewer offspring' with the organic combination between birth control and poverty alleviation and development,finding a new road for complete solution to the problem of population in undeveloped national areas.


Chiral zeolitic materials have recently received great attention in enantioselective catalysis and separation areas because of their unusual properties such as high surface areas,fascinating structures and excellent chemical and thermal stability.In this study,a chiral zeolitic open framework material CoAPO-CJ40 with one-dimensional helical 10-ring channels was prepared.We have fabricated chiral coated capillary column(2 mlong×75μm i.d.)using CoAPO-CJ40as stationary phase for gas chromatographic separation of racemates,positional isomers and linear alkanes mixture.The number of theoretical plates the CoAPO-CJ40-coated capillary column was up to 2 665plates/m,which was tested using n-dodecane as the analyte at 120 ℃.The experimental results demonstrated that the chiral column has excellent selectivity separation ability toward linear alkanes mixture and positional isomers,and also possesses chiral recognition ability for racemates.


Abstract. The plant leaf temperature is a result of biological processes occurring in an organ of the plant and its energy exchange with the environment. The plant leaf temperature always differs from the ambient temperature except for the moments of transition from a positive to a negative (or vice versa) temperature gradient. It is determined that the plant leaf temperature continuously changes during the sunny time of the day. Temperature pulsations emerge in plant tissues when the leaf naturally changes its position with respect to the Sun (e.g. impacted by the wind) during the sunny period of the day. When a leaf position changes with respect to the source of radiation, a temperature change in the plant leaf also depends on local plant leaf thickness δ, leaf position angle β, leaf oscillation frequency ƒ and a temperature difference between the leaf surface and the atmosphere. When changing its position with respect to the Sun during the sunny period of the day the plant leaf plate becomes a temperat...


This contribution describes the application of tomographic shadowgraphy to measure instantaneous velocities of
droplets undergoing airblast-atomization in the non-reactive flow of a generic aero engine burner model at Weber numbers of We_aero=360-770, air pressures of pa=4-7bar and air temperatures of Ta=440-570K. The burner employs air-blast atomization of a single jet in cross-flow in the main stage. The measurement setup is described in detail and the depth-of-field with respect to droplet size is estimated. The latter was calculated on the basis of Mie simulations and calibration data of the point-spread function. At a given volume size of 16x13x10mm3 it turned out that the minimum resolvable droplet diameter reduces down to d = 10 µm within the focus and increases up to d = 10 -20 µm towards the volume edges. Velocities of droplets above the resolution limit were retrieved by 3D correlation of two volumetric reconstructions recorded at consecutive time-steps. Extracted slices of the instantaneous axial velocity indicate strong motion and fluctuations of the spray tail with increasing temperature and Weber number. Validation against PDA data revealed good agreement at size classes d = 10 µm; 15 µm. Slight deviations occur in regions with strong velocity gradients probably due to the presence of reconstruction ambiguities (ghost particles).


To obtain fused images with excellent contrast, distinct target edges, and well-preserved details, we propose an adaptive image fusion network called the adjacent feature shuffle-fusion network (AFSFusion). The proposed network adopts a UNet-like architecture and incorporates key refinements to enhance network architecture and loss functions. Regarding the network architecture, the proposed two-branch adjacent feature fusion module, called AFSF, expands the number of channels to fuse the feature channels of several adjacent convolutional layers in the first half of the AFSFusion, enhancing its ability to extract, transmit, and modulate feature information. We replace the original rectified linear unit (ReLU) with leaky ReLU to alleviate the problem of gradient disappearance and add a channel shuffling operation at the end of AFSF to facilitate information interaction capability between features. Concerning loss functions, we propose an adaptive weight adjustment (AWA) strategy to assign weight values to the corresponding pixels of the infrared (IR) and visible images in the fused images, according to the VGG16 gradient feature response of the IR and visible images. This strategy efficiently handles different scene contents. After normalization, the weight values are used as weighting coefficients for the two sets of images. The weighting coefficients are applied to three loss items simultaneously: mean square error (MSE), structural similarity (SSIM), and total variation (TV), resulting in clearer objects and richer texture detail in the fused images. We conducted a series of experiments on several benchmark databases, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed network architecture and the superiority of the proposed network compared to other state-of-the-art fusion methods. It ranks first in several objective metrics, showing the best performance and exhibiting sharper and richer edges of specific targets, which is more in line with human visual perception. The remarkable enhancement in performance is ascribed to the proposed AFSF module and AWA strategy, enabling balanced feature extraction, fusion, and modulation of image features throughout the process.


Due to the aging of society, the authors have developed a concept of ICT platform aimed at increasing the activity of people at the retirement age. It is dedicated to members of local communities, can be used to support entrepreneurship, self-fulfillment and activation in the field of social life. In the article, based on quantitative and qualitative research, the key needs of users have been identified, and in their context, the concept of organization of the ICT platform for activating seniors has been presented.


: Choanal atresia is a commonly observed congenital nasal abnormality. Incidence of choanal atresia is 1 in 7,000 live births. There are various techniques which has been described for the choanal atresia repair. Here we are sharing step by step trans-nasal technique to get good results post-operatively.: The aim of this study to explain and share the technique to treat a bony choanal atresia without any stenting in the nasal cavity of a neonate. The purpose of this study to analyse the surgical outcome of single stage bony choanal atresia repair in terms of restenosis and revision surgery. : We have described the step by step approach for the repair of bony choanal atresia without using any stent in the nasal cavity. Pre surgery evaluation and surgical steps have been explained with photograph to understand this technique better.: Bony choanal atresia can be treated without any stent placement which was the most common method for the repair of congenital choanal atresia in neonates. Clinical significance: This technique will reduce the chances of complication which arises because of stenting in the nasal cavity. This technique is simple and easily reproducible in the practise.


The aim of this paper is to develop a layer potential theory in L2‐based weighted Sobolev spaces on Lipschitz bounded and exterior domains of ℝn , n ≥ 3, for the anisotropic Stokes system with L∞ viscosity tensor coefficient satisfying an ellipticity condition for symmetric matrices with zero matrix trace. To do this, we explore equivalent mixed variational formulations and prove the well‐posedness of some transmission problems for the anisotropic Stokes system in Lipschitz domains of ℝn , with the given data in L2‐based weighted Sobolev spaces. These results are used to define the volume (Newtonian) and layer potentials and to obtain their properties. Then, we analyze the well‐posedness of the exterior Dirichlet and Neumann problems for the anisotropic Stokes system with L∞ symmetrically elliptic tensor coefficient by representing their solutions in terms of the obtained volume and layer potentials.


A scale (20) and a scanning unit (12) a measuring device (10) for measuring the relative movement of two mutually movable objects is fixed to the one object and acts to detect the relative position of the object with a scanning unit (12) or a scale together. According to the invention, the scale (20) or the scanning unit (12) on means (30) for at least one form-fit connection with the object, which is formed along the longitudinal extension of the scale (20) or the scanning unit (12).