Bench-scale experiments investigated the effect of electrolyte mixing on the effectiveness of an electrochemical reactor for the reactivation of granular activated carbon (GAC). Two different GACs (F-400 and WV-B) were loaded with phenol via batch adsorption tests, then electrochemically reactivated and finally reloaded with phenol. Reactivation was conducted in a recirculating flow reactor with a 0.1 M NaCl solution as the electrolyte. Cathodic reactivation was more efficient than the anodic reactivation and increasing the degree of electrolyte mixing decreased the cathodic reactivation efficiencies, while there was no significant change in the anodic reactivation efficiencies. Higher degrees of electrolyte mixing decreased the local pH at the cathode and consequently reduced the desorption driving force and therefore reduced the reactivation efficiency. The electrolyte mixing lowered the cell voltage. However, this advantage was overshadowed by the increased energy consumption required for the electrolyte pumping, the reduction of the oxidation rate of phenol, and a 20% reduction in the reactivation efficiencies. Thus, electrolyte mixing of the electrolyte is not recommended in the electrochemical reactivation of GAC.


Recently, the restaurant industry attempts to introduce service robot for efficient management. We conducted a survey research to investigate the expectations of restaurant robot service between customers and employees. It was found that customers and the employees share many common expectations depending on service elements that the restaurant industry usually adopts. Our results suggest that personalized service is important for the customer-oriented robot service in restaurant.


Plants respond to the surrounding environment in countless ways. One of these responses is their ability to sense and orient their root growth toward the gravity vector. Root gravitropism is studied in many laboratories as a hallmark of auxin-related phenotypes. However, manual analysis of images and microscopy data is known to be subjected to human bias. This is particularly the case for manual measurements of root bending as the selection lines to calculate the angle are set subjectively. Therefore, it is essential to develop and use automated or semi-automated image analysis to produce reproducible and unbiased data. Moreover, the increasing usage of vertical-stage microscopy in plant root biology yields gravitropic experiments with an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. To this day, there is no available solution to measure root bending angle over time for vertical-stage microscopy. To address these problems, we developed ACORBA (Automatic Calculation Of Root Bending Angles), a fully automated software to measure root bending angle over time from vertical-stage microscope and flatbed scanner images. Moreover, the software can be used semi-automated for camera, mobile phone or stereomicroscope images. ACORBA represents a flexible approach based on both traditional image processing and deep machine learning segmentation to measure root angle progression over time. By its automated nature, the workflow is limiting human interactions and has high reproducibility. ACORBA will support the plant biologist community by reducing time and labor and by producing quality results from various kinds of inputs. Significance statement ACORBA is implementing an automated and semi-automated workflow to quantify root bending and waving angles from images acquired with a microscope, a scanner, a stereomicroscope or a camera. It will support the plant biology community by reducing time and labor and by producing trustworthy and reproducible quantitative data.


Abstract This note aims at illustrating the application of the Virtual Element Method to elasticity problems in mixed form, following the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle. In order to highlight the potential and the flexibility of our approach, we focus on a three-dimensional low-order Virtual Element scheme, but similar considerations apply to two-dimensional and higher-order methods.


This activity aims to provide entrepreneurs with an understanding of the importance of having a business plan to improve their entrepreneurial skills. The output target of this activity is that tofu entrepreneurs are expected to be able to grow creative ideas and innovations so that their businesses can grow. The method of activities carried out by the community service team is carried out in two stages, namely the method of collecting data through interviews and observations and then making a business plan together.


FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft engineering, particularly, to methods and appliance used for production of aircraft skin structures. Equipment used in production and conveying of aircraft skin structures comprises gripping device to grip skin structures including initial skin with edge. Said gripping device comprise bearing device for conveying and handling and locking grip coupled with said bearing device. Locking grip allows gripping initial skin by gripping aforesaid edge. EFFECT: simplified skin making process. 29 cl, 17 dwg


An algorithm based on rigorous coupled wave analysis is used to calculate the reflectance of two kinds of nano-scaled textured surfaces, periodic pyramid and random pillar structures. The device dimension and angular dependence are investigated.


This paper analyses the characteristics of the plastic tubes in CATV underground duct project,and discusses the type-choosing and application of the tubes.In order to guarantee the quality and retrench the ex- penditure of a project,tubes should be chosen according to the technological requirements of the project,the main performance index claims and the quality of the tubes etc.


One goal of the radical reforms introduced in Russia at the end of the 1990s was the creation of new, effective economic subjects [sub"ekty] based on the private ownership of land and property. The idea was to create a competitive sector of the economy, to give working people a vital interest in the results of their labor, and to form a middle class in the countryside. The conversion of the agrarian sphere of the economy to market relations, when combined with multiple institutional reforms, however, brought in their wake almost everywhere a decline in the production of goods in the agro-industrial complex and a decline in the living standards of the rural population.


In the conventional approach to lens imaging, rays are used to map object points to image points. However, many students want to think of the image as a whole. To answer this need, Kepler's ray drawing is reinterpreted in terms of shifted camera obscura images. These images are uncovered by covering the lens with pinholes. Thus, lens imaging is seen as a superposition of sharp images from different viewpoints, so-called elemental images. This superposition is simulated with projectors, and with transparencies. Lens ray diagrams are constructed based on elemental images; the conventional construction method is included as a special case.


At present there is an enormous discrepancy between our nanotechnological capabilities (particularly our nanobiotechnologies), our social wisdom, and consensus on how to apply them. To date, cost considerations have greatly constrained our application of nanotechnologies. However, novel advances in microsystem platform technologies are about to greatly diminish that economic constraint while developing new industries. Properly used in a solid legal and ethical framework, within an educated population, these advances will vastly enrich our quality of life without being intrusive. Improperly used, these technologies could lead to a modern-day Luddism, social turmoil, or possibly even to emulating those societies described in the darkest of novels. These technologies must be developed in tandem with the social and legal frameworks needed to ensure that they improve both individuals and our society. To ensure that this occurs, we need to have the ethical, legal, scientific, and engineering experts working together and with the public.


has a storage capacity which is even larger than liquid or solid hydrogen in density, absorbing hydrogen at suitable temperatures and pressures, and can be easily acti-vated, it has been regarded as one of the most important alloys for storing hydrogen so far. As. pure La is very expensive, mischmetal (Mm) (99% are La, Ce, Pr, and Nd) usual-ly serves as a substitute for it. According to refs. [1—3], this substitution, especially for


Chapter 5 shifts the terrain to a prominent women-led journalism startup in an innovation context that has prioritized technological change over social structures and transformation. Science and technology studies frameworks for thinking about repair are necessary to explain how this commercial startup is not just innovating for the sake of saving journalism but to improve journalism as a tool for intervention and responsibility—to "move the needle" on what kinds of work journalism is able to do. These commitments are playing out particularly in fieldwork related to ownership and structuring, professional identity and innovations related to collaboration, and the deliberate focus of the startup on reconciliation as a public good in a settler-colonial society and media in Canada. We complicate the emerging focus in journalism studies on repair and reform as largely a function of the nonprofit and philanthropic journalism sector.


Sufficient conditions are found for the free product G of two groups A and B with an amalgamated subgroup U to have the properties (1) that the intersection of each pair of finitely generated subgroups of G is again finitely generated, and (2) that every finitely generated subgroup containing a nontrivial subnormal subgroup of G has finite index in G. The known results that Fuchsian groups and free products (under the obvious conditions on the factors) have properties (1) and (2) follow as instances of the main result.


Terahertz (THz) Band communication is envisioned as one of the leading technology to meet the exponentially growing data rate requirements of emerging and future wireless communication networks. Although prior works on THz channel measurement capture large scale fading effects, like free space path loss and atmospheric absorption, they do not show the overall effect on the received signal due to additional non-linearity from experimental hardware. In this work, we perform over the air experiments in ultra-broad THz bandwidth (10 GHz) that reveals that the received signal undergoes frequency selective fading due to hardware imperfections. This motivates us to utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in indoor short range ultra-broadband THz communication. To experimentally show its efficacy, we compute the coherence bandwidth of the system, which is less than the full bandwidth. We derive optimal parameters for OFDM for our hardware setup and perform over-the-air experiments to achieve 42 Gbps physical layer data rate over an effective bandwidth of 8.125 GHz.


The haematological changes observed with commercially available haematinics (Fagon 9® and Chemiron®) were compared with those of a local haematinic referred to as African Herbal Formula (AHF). Results showed that AHF produced effects in haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) levels, which are reasonably comparable with the reference commercial and chemically defined haematinics.
(African Journal of Biotechnology: 2003 2(8): 237-240)


Frequency and intensity noise are characterized for a bidirectionally pumped Brillouin random fiber laser. This novel laser incorporates the complementary effects of two counter-propagating stimulated Brillouin scattering gain profiles and the intrinsic Rayleigh distributed feedback present in ultralong optical fibers. The lasing mechanism as well as the contributing factors for the frequency and intensity noise has been discussed. This random laser exhibits a frequency noise level of <;1 Hz2 /Hz at 2 kHz, which is lower than what is found in conventional narrow-linewidth erbium-doped fiber (EDF) fiber laser and a custom EDF-Rayleigh random laser by a factor of 200 and 2, respectively.


Abstract Introduction Microglia are the principle mediators of neuroinflammation, as defined by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a, IL-1b and IL-6. Two patient populations, young and aged, are at significant risk for behavioural and cognitive impairments after isoflurane exposure. Evidence indicates that neuroinflammation may be one of the causative events leading to neuronal and synaptic loss. The aim of this review was to discuss how microglia provide unexplored avenues to attenuate cognitive decline following isoflurane exposure in susceptible young and elderly patients. Conclusion Isoflurane exposure affects the actin cytoskeleton in neurons and astrocytes, but cytoskeletal effects from isoflurane exposure have not been well studied in microglia. TREM2 expression, a known inflammatory and cytoskeletal regulating protein, is reduced in young and aged population leading to depression of microglia phagocytosis and increased inflammation. Therefore, modulation of upstream or downstream TREM2mediated signalling may be a route to attenuate cognitive impairments in both populations. Introduction Learning disabilities and behavioural issues in children and post-operative cognitive decline (POCD) in elderly patients after anaesthetic exposure pose a significant health issue adding extra pressure to often already overburdened school systems and long-term care facilities. A major risk factor for childhood development of testable cognitive impairment is multiple exposures of inhaled anaesthetics. Wilder et al. have defined a specific subpopulation of children at particular risk for long-term learning disabilities: children below the age of four who incur at least three surgical exposures1. In the elderly, POCD aetiology may involve multiple factors, such as nutritional states and metabolic states or the type of surgical procedure2. A majority of potential therapies or interventions currently being explored are aimed at attenuating neuronal apoptosis and synaptic loss or increasing neurotrophic survival factors such as the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)3. A recent review of 25 randomized clinical trials of neuroprotective pharmacological compounds including: lidocaine, thiopental, S(+)-ketamine, propofol, nimodipine, GM1 ganglioside, lexipafant, glutamate/ aspartate, Xenon, remacemide, atorvastatin and magnesium sulphate, found all but three were ineffective at preventing POCD when compared to controls. Lidocaine, S(+)-ketamine and magnesium sulphate had inconclusive results4. The inert noble gas Xenon has been proposed as a prophylactic treatment for ISO exposure during mouse surgeries. Pre-treatment of 70% Xenon for 20 minutes followed by 1.8% ISO during surgery reduced serum IL-1b levels but mice cognitive abilities were only tested post surgery P15. A novel approach to preventing POCD through activation of autophagic pathways with rapamycin to inhibit mTOR has been proposed6. But this approach is limited to use in an aged population, as increased autophagy is associated with increased neuronal apoptosis after ischemic injury in neonatal rat experiments7. In this critical review, we propose a more focused therapeutic target to explore. Microglia, required to resolve neuroinflammatory states and modulation to a phagocytic phenotype without inducing neuroinflammation, could provide neuroprotection. The expression of triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is reduced in microglia during the anaesthetic sensitive period in young8 and in aged rodents9. This reduction is associated with decreased phagocytosis and increased inflammation. Due to the biphasic expression pattern and clear function in CNS homeostasis, we believe TREM2 signalling is an intriguing pharmacological target to attenuate childhood learning and behavioural impairments and POCD in aged patients caused by ISO exposure.


Open system structure and portable testing software module is required of designing the automatic testing equipment(ATE),while extensible markup language(XML) is prevalent in information exchange and frame standardization.XML Schema is used in building ATS Fault Tree Model,schedule testing items,diagnosing items,repairing items and diagnostic flow chart,in order to predigest the design of the testing software,reducing complexity of programming and provide essential control information and adequate testing information,such as input signal,output result and so on.This is an example for XML application in the ATS design for the programmer.To design such testing software,the author suggests considering using XML technology.


Forecasting is one of the most important elements in fire and flood danger confrontation schemes for wildland and urban interface areas. The difficulty in studying such natural hazards in general, and in the islands of the Aegean Archipelago in particular, includes not only an assessment of their causes, territorial distribution and damage inflicted in time, but also their dependence on human socio-economic activities. In this context, wildfire danger rating systems have been adopted by many developed countries dealing with wildfire prevention, so that civil protection agencies are able to define areas with high probabilities of fire ignition and resort to necessary actions. Focusing also on floods, it is impossible to avoid them; however, an overall understanding of their nature and development may facilitate their quantitative prediction, and therefore may lead towards appropriate management responses as well as in early warning so as to mitigate their catastrophic effects (loss of human lives, resources and property damage). This paper, having a two-prong emphasis, first presents an initial attempt towards a systematically approached Greek fire danger rating system in the study area of Lesvos Island, Greece. The proposed system estimates the spatial fire danger while it has the ability of risk forecasting based on meteorological data. The main output of the system is the Fire Danger Index, which is based on four other indices: the fire weather index, the fire hazard index, the fire risk index and the fire behavior index. These indices are not just a relative probability for fire occurrence but a quantitative rate for fire danger appraisal in a systematic manner. In addition, the incorporated flood analysis and forecasting module may offer considerable services particularly after a devastating flood event. Such an effort points out that there must be a fundamental shift from a prevailing crisis management approach (short-range preoccupation and technological fixes) to a more anticipatory risk management that allows concentrating on contingency planning and reasonably foreseeable futures. The developed short-term dynamic fire and flood danger indices aid in decision support for better and realistic prevention and presuppression planning.


Abstract Autism children had disorder in speech ability development especially in scrutinizing skill. Autism children tended to show difficulty in focusing attention during learning so that they less understood the material which the teacher conveyed. Therefore, it required an exact treatment and suitable with the disorder which the autism children had. In this case, it required effective and efficient learning method to enhance scrutinizing skill of autism children. In this research question-answer method with video media was chosen as the effort to enhance scrutinizing skill of autism children. This research purpose was to know whether there was enhancement of scrutinizing skill through the application of question-answer method with video media to autism children in competence development school of special need Yudhistira Sidoarjo.This research used Single Subject Research (SSR) kind with A-B basic design. The subject used was 2 autism children in competence development school of special need Yudhistira Sidoarjo. The data collection technique in this research was participant observation. The data collected from the observation result was analyzed by simple descriptive statistic i.e. using visual analysis component inside condition and among condition.This research was done for 23 sessions for subject 1 and 20 sessions for subject 2. From the research result it was obtained data range of baseline phase 6-10 with stability tendency 57,14% which meant variable for subject 1 while for subject 2 it was obtained data range of baseline phase 6-9 with stability tendency 66,67% which meant variable. The research with subject 1 was obtained data range of intervention phase 10-15 with stability tendency 87,5% which meant stable while the subject 2 was obtained data range of intervention phase 9-15 with stability tendency 85,71% which meant stable. The overlap data percentage indicated 6,25% for subject 1 and 7,14 for subject 2, this indicated that intervention influenced toward target behavior. In this way, it could be concluded there was enhancement of scrutinizing skill of autism children in competence development school of special need Yudhistira Sidoarjo through the application of question-answer method with video media. Keywords: Question-Answer, Video , Scrutinizing , Autism


A method for producing a plastic material from a water-in-oil emulsion of an unsaturated polyester resin dissolved in a hardenable compound containing an ethylenically unsaturated group. The emulsion has an adjusted viscosity of 1600-5000 cp. The plastic material is suitable as a replacement for plaster in the shaping of ceramics. The emulsion may contain an alkali-reactive water-binding material to increase the ceramic forming capability of the plastic material.


Vestibular neuritis (VN) is the second most common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo. Other names have been used for this entity due to the ambiguity respecting the physiopathology, including vestibular neuronitis (involvement of the vestibular ganglion), labyrinthitis (when is associated with infection or inflammation of the labyrinth), and acute peripheral vestibulopathy (when there is no specific pathophysiology) [1]. VN is now considered the more accurate term when hearing is preserved.


A 90/180 GHz multichannel radiometer was developed using a common lens antenna and dual corrugated feedhorns. The radiometer was designed to mount in a modified window port on NASA's Convair 990 (CV-990) aircraft. The operating bandwidths of the instrument's three IF channels coincide with the proposed AMSU sensor scheduled for future space borne measurements.


Novel lateral high-voltage SOI MOSFETs capable of withstanding up to 400 V are presented. The design optimization, fabrication, and experimental results obtained for these devices are presented. The devices can be implemented using a CMOS-SOI compatible process. To ensure high voltage capability, the reduced surface field (RESURF) technique and field plates are used. The blocking, DC, and transient characteristics of the devices were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Optimization of the process parameters involved in the design of the structures is presented.<<ETX>>


Synovectomy in the knee joint with rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic synovitis was practised with an electric resectoscope modified Iglesias resectoscope.The electric resectoscope was inserted into the knee joint from stab wound at the lateral margin of the patella.The synovium in the joint cavity was observed and resected with the electric resectoscope under irrigation of Urigal (cytal).A day after surgery, the operated knee was allowed to mobilize and then, weight-bearing.Eleven joints of ten cases with rheumatoid arthritis, a case with tuberculosis, a case with pigmented villonodular synovitis, and a case with chronic synovitis were operated by this method.As far as the followed-up cases are concern, relief of pain is satisfactory and range of motion is recovered as much as preoperatively more shortly after surgery.As a complication, infection was noted in a case and reaction of irrigating fluid, such as hyponatremia, in a few cases.


An operation method of a terminal in a carrier aggregation system using the method and apparatus thereof. Via an enhanced physical downlink control channel E-PDCCH receiving a Downlink Assignment Index DAI downlink control information DCI. Received via the E-PDCCH DCI include additional fields, additional fields not present in the received via a physical downlink control channel PDCCH DCI in. If the use of additional field DAI value greater than 1, the plurality of PUCCH resources selected by the upper layer is provided in the resources, and the resources used in transmitting ACK / NACK time.


The invention discloses a method for quantitatively testing an aramid fiber blended filter material. The blended filter material contains aramid fibers and other fibers insoluble in a mixed solution. The method comprises the following steps: (1) stripping a to-be-tested aramid fiber blended filter material from a base fabric, drying and cooling the filter material, and weighing a fiber layer to obtain total weight m1; (2) averagely dividing a mixed solution with the mass being 300-600 times that of the to-be-tested aramid fiber blended filter material into three parts for later use; (3) immersing a sample in the mixed solution, wherein the aramid fibers in the aramid fiber blended filter material are preliminarily dissolved; (4) taking out the preliminarily dissolved filter material, and taking another clean mixed solution, and repeating the step (3) twice till the aramid fibers in the aramid fiber blended filter material can be fully dissolved; and (5) taking out the filter material in which the aramid fibers are removed, cleaning the material with water, drying, and weighing a residual fiber layer to obtain weight m2, wherein the content eta of the aramid fibers is equal to 1-m2/ml. By utilizing the solubility difference of the aramid fibers dissolved in the mixed solution and other fibers insoluble in the mixed solution, the content of fibers in the aramid fiber blended filter material can be quantitatively analyzed. The method is simple and feasible and is convenient to popularize.


Objectives – to evaluate the efficacy of different types of risk reducing cardioprotection preceding the open surgery on the abdominal aorta.
Material and methods. The study analyses the treatment outcomes in 262 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. In all the patients the operation of prosthetics of abdominal aorta was performed. The patients were divided in two groups depending on the method of preoperative cardioprotection. The first group included 158 patients who received the intensive medicamentous preparation for the surgery. The second group of 104 patients additionally to drug treatment underwent the stress EchoCG; the coronarography was performed in patients with the positive test result. If the coronarography revealed the significant impairment of the coronary artery, the preliminary cardioprotective operations were performed: myocardial revascularization in 24 patients, CABG in 5 patients and coronary stenting in 19 cases.
Results.In spite of the intensive medicamentous preoperative preparation, in the first group the rate of myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome outcomes was significantly higher than in the second group of patients, who received the different preliminary myocardial revascularization according to individual requirements.
Conclusion.The individual approach to the choice of cardioprotection method before abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery significantly reduces the adverse cardiac events rate.


Public health professionals who rely on APHA's renowned "Control of Communicable Diseases Manual" for information on infectious diseases have a new chapter to consult.


Abstract : The Enterprise Systems Center (ESC) at the Lehigh University successfully completed the project in December 1995. The ESC worked closely with the members of ARPA Northeast Regional Consortium and provided leadership and planning support to embrace and adopt an Agile Learning Paradigm. Enterprise Systems Centers project was concentrated on researching the needs and opportunity and providing leadership to the members of the consortium. In Phase I, scope of the project involved: (A) Scope training needs and related technological advances (evaluate needs, develop training framework in agile paradigm, and analyze potential of technologies); (B) Adapt agile paradigm to learning.


There is a method of operating a conveying fluid conveying pump (18; 64) having an impeller (80) and an electronically commutated electric motor (70) for the rotary drive of the impeller (80), said feed pump in a rotational speed range of the impeller (80 ) (between a top speed of 86) and a finite first lower speed (84; 108) is operable, comprising: - a first flow control portion (88) in which the feed pump; is operated continuously and the impeller (80) is continuously driven to rotate (18 64); - a second flow control portion (90) in which the feed pump (18; 64) is operated intermittently and the impeller (80) is pulsed rotationally driven, whereby a pulse amplitude (92) of rotation is greater than a finite second lower speed ( 100; 110) and pause times between speed pulses (94) with a rotational speed (n) is zero or at least are approximately zero; - a third flow control region (106) in which the feed pump; is operated intermittently and the impeller (80) is pulsed rotationally driven, whereby a pulse amplitude of rotation in the second lower speed (18 64) (100; 110), and Pause times with speed zero or at least approximately zero between the speed pulses.


Epilithic mosses are early colonizers of the terrestrial biosphere, which constitute a special ecosystem regulating rock‐atmosphere interactions. Terrestrial mosses can take up nitrate (NO3−), a major form of bioavailable N, from soil substrates. However, the importance of substrate NO3− relative to atmospheric NO3− remains unclear in moss NO3− utilization. This has prevented the understanding of moss NO3− dynamics and their responses to environmental N loadings. This study investigated monthly concentrations, δ15N, and δ18O of NO3− in four epilithic moss species from August 2006 to August 2007 in Guiyang, southwestern China. We developed a non‐steady state isotope mass‐balance model to evaluate fractional contributions of atmospheric NO3− (Фatm) and soil NO3− (Фsoil), moss NO3− uptake flux (Finflux), moss NO3− reduction flux (Freduction), and the percentage of NO3− reduction in moss NO3− uptake (freduced). The monthly Фsoil values averaged 53 ± 13% and the monthly freduced values averaged 50 ± 35%. Both the monthly Freduction and freduced increased as the monthly Finflux increased, particularly when the Фsoil values were higher than Фatm values. However, the amount of annual NO3− reduction (219.7 ± 30.5 μg‐N/g, dw) accounted for only 1.0 ± 0.2% of the bulk N of the mosses. We conclude that half of the NO3− in epilithic mosses is derived from the soil NO3− and that NO3− uptake from the soil induces moss NO3− reduction, but the total NO3− assimilation contributed a low fraction of the total N in the studied mosses. These findings are important for understanding N sources and N dynamics in terrestrial mosses.


he omission of reference to some key publications in this article, particularly the T source of the biomarker data used (Lake, 1989), is of concern. More importantly, the explanation of apparent maturity reversals in hopanoid distributions and the inferences about the onset of oil expulsion do not appear to be substantiated by the data presented. It is stated that only the most volatile-matter-rich, hydrogen-rich members of isorank sample suites show reversals in the C,, and C,, moretane:hopane ratios at high rank. However, the sample upon which this reversal trend is primarily based, 31/110, has a lower WC ratio than most other coals (Fig. 14), and not abnormally high volatile matter content (Fig. 2) or HI (Fig. 13). It is not clear why the sample is classed as hydrogenrich in comparison with the others. To explain the apparent maturity reversals in moretane:hopane and 17a(H)norhopane: 17a(H)-hopane ratios, comparison is made between hydrocarbon phase migration behaviour and open-tubular gas-liquid chromatography. In this form of GLC, for members of an homologous series or group of compounds like the hopanes with very similar chemical structures, it is differences in saturated vapour pressure that determine the amount of time each member spends in the inert mobile gaseous phase relative to the liquid stationary phase and hence retention time. So the comparison with oil migration is not really valid. The dissolution of liquid hydrocarbonsin a gaseous hydrocarbon phase would be controlled by solute partition coefficients rather than saturated vapour pressures, and there would be no significant difference in behaviour between adjacent members of an homologous series. If there were, only the lightest condensates would be expelled initially from coals (the effects of molecular diffusion on primary migration have been described elsewhere; e.g. Mackenzie et al., 1988). The proposed mechanism cannot account for the biomarker distributions observed in generated oils. Under the prevailing temperatures and pressures during hydrocarbon generation, a single supercritical phase is likely rather than separate liquid and gaseous phases (e.g. Killops et al., 1996), so Conclusion 9 that expulsion of oil in gaseous solution is responsible for reversals in biomarker maturity parameters is unlikely to reflect the true conditions. Although the C2dC3,. and C IC,, hopane ratios appear to support the proposed model of differential distribution of gopanes between the residual coal and expelled oil phase, a discrepancy can be seen by plotting C,,/C,,, which should show an even more marked decrease than the ratios involving nearest C-number members. However, the ratio increases with increasing rank. There have been a number of articles that consider the observed biomarker behaviour, which appear to have been overlooked by the authors (e.g. Bishop and Abbott, 1993; Requejo, 1994; Farrimond et al., 1996). The effects of generation of biomarkers from kerogenkoal with different distributions from those in the initial bitumen, together with subsequent differences in resistance to thermal degradation, as cited in these articles, can explain the observations for NZ coals. It is also not clear whether the


It has been customary to take Grotius's book for the starting point of one of the best marked eras in the history of jurisprudence. Any account of the development of theories of justice is likely to begin the modern history of the subject with Grotius, and to put as a classical epoch a period designated as "from Grotius to Kant." Any account of theories of law is likely to set off a period from the revived study of Roman law in the Italian universities of the twelfth century to Grotius, and another from Grotius to the breaking up of the eighteenth century law-of-nature school. In almost all accounts of the history of the science of law, Grotius stands as marking a turning point.


Copolymerization of ethylene with isoprene (IP) catalyzed by 1,4-dithabutanediyl-linked bis(phenolato) titanium complexes 1 and 2 and methylaluminoxane (MAO) produced exclusively ethylene-IP copolymers with good activity. The copolymer microstructure can be varied by changing the ratio between the monomers in the copolymerization feed, affording copolymers with IP content ∼60%. The copolymer microstructure was fully elucidated by 13C-NMR spectroscopy of the copolymers with various IP content revealing a strong tendency to the alternating microstructure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 4200–4206, 2010


Urban planning and smart cities with smart, friendly, and reasonable infrastructure and institutional design suitable to people's living standards. In Vietnam, urban planning and cities are now facing the risk the existing urban ecological land space and the available natural resources. Environmental problems and green cities are facing many difficulties. Therefore, Vietnam's state administration has formulated policies to encourage investment, construction, and urban renovation. Reasonable management and utilization of natural resources in the existing innovation and development of tier-four cities have become a matter that needs to be researched and discussed. In this article, the author makes an assessment and comments on the reasonable management and utilization of natural resources in the existing innovation and development of tier-four cities in Vietnam. One of the challenges Vietnam's state administration faces today is the available and potential investment opportunities of urban areas and cities.


A heat exchanger (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) with highly flexible use, comprising a box-like body (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) which delimits inside it at least one heat exchange chamber (3, 13, 23) and has at least one inlet (4) and at least one outlet (5) for the passage through the heat exchange chamber (3, 13, 23) of combustion products along a preferred path. More specifically, the box-like body (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) defines at least partly in its side walls at least one duct for feeding a fluid to be heated and inside the heat exchange chamber (3, 13, 23) heat exchange elements (7) are provided and are associated with the supply duct in order to increase the thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d). The peculiarity of the invention consists in that it comprises a plurality of distinct modular elements (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d) which are mutually interconnected in order to define the box-like body (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d). Advantageously, each modular element (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d) comprises at least one portion of the heat exchange elements (7), at least one portion of the supply duct and at least one portion of the heat exchange chamber (3, 13, 23) in order to obtain a heat exchanger (1) of differing dimensions and technical characteristics according to requirements.


The Karuxung catchment is a typical and unique area with a long term observations in the Tibet-Himalayas since 1983.A group of expressions,which can be used to calculate the mass balance of glacier based on hydrological and meteorological observation data,could been deduced according to the glacier hydrology and climate characteristics of the distribution in China.Using the conceptual method,the components of the mass balance of the glaciers in the Karuxung from 1983 to 2006 has been estimated.The result shows that:in the 24 years,the glaciers in Karuxung area is turning to retreat more quickly;the averaged mass balance for 24 years was-136.3 mm/a.It was-83.61 mm/a in the first 12 years (from 1983 to 1994),and reduces to-188.98 mm/a in the last 12 years (from 1995 to 2006).The mass balance of glacier presents a greater fluctuation in 1986,1998 and 2005 respectively,with numbers of 149.19 mm,-654.36 mm and-316.43 mm.After analyzing the reason of the change of the mass balance of the glaciers,it was found that the main reason was the average temperature of May to September.There was linear correlations between the mass balance of the glaciers and the average temperature,and the correlations coefficients reached to-0.786.


Abstract An analytical approach to calculate time-dependent stresses and strains in initially cracked reinforced concrete section withbiaxial bending was proposed. The method utilized the aging coefficient approach of Bazant and the linear creep theory. The posi-tion of neutral axis and strain and stress distributions of cracked section after creep and shrinkage were determined from therequirements of strain compatibility and equilibrium of a section. With this proposed algorithm, examples were given for rec-tangular section and a comparative analysis for stress and strain was also made.Keywords : cracked reinforced concrete section, biaxial bending, creep, shrinkage ······························································································································· ···························································································· 요지 본 연구에서는 수정유효탄성계수법에 근거하여 2축 휨과 축력을 동시에 받는 경우에 콘크리트의 크리프와 건조수축을 고려한철근콘크리트 보의 효율적이고 합리적인 단면해석 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 재령보정계수와 선형 크리프 이론을 이용하였으며, 응력의 분포를 평형조건으로부터 유도하였다. 제안된 방법을 사용하여 직사각형 단면에 대한 예제해석을 수행하였으며 직사각형 단면에서 변형도의 변화와 응력의 변화를 검토하였다.핵심용어 : 철근콘크리트 균열 단면, 2축 휨, 크리프 , 건조수축······························································································································· ······························································································


This thesis studies the image of the marriage and of the woman offered by the literature of the middle of the nineteenth century. In a first time, the analysis of the preparation of the girls for the marriage is linked to the image given by this institution, very debated since the previous century. This study permites to specify the role of the parents and to define the feminine education. The type of the ideal fiancee proposed by the literature helps us to precize the dobble sexual moral established from the middle of the century. The analysis of the impact of the literary movement about the image of the woman and of the marriage shows us the limited influence of romantism and the conformity of the first "realistic" novel. In a second time, the analysis of the marriage and of the role of the woman, displays the genesis of the myth of "the angel of the family", in the middle of the nineteenth century, under the influence of the church and of the ideology of the middle-class. The woman, enclosed in her domestic role as a wife and a mother, gains a social mission and a redemptive role, linked to a sacred vision of the family and the marriage. The leetingness of the feminist desire expresed by a generation of women writers in the fourteenth's, conweys the domination of the traditionalist ideology of the middle-class. In brief, from the second part of the century, the woman is relegated to the private life, and this event constitutes a retreat in relation to the enlightenment.


Fusion of information plays an effective role in multimodal recognition systems. Fusion of image or information can occur at different levels. In this paper feature level image fusion is used. Fusion at the feature level involves the integration of feature sets corresponding to multiple modalities. Since the feature set contains richer information about the raw biometric data than the match score or the final decision, integration at this level is expected to provide better recognition results. Feature extraction can be performed by using SURF which is a local feature detector and descriptor that can be used for tasks such as object recognition. Here, two different combinations of multimodal biometrics systems are performed. One very important area of image processing, in which algorithms are used to detect and isolate various desired portions or shapes (features). This paper explores a comparison of two most popular algorithms. The algorithms are Joint Sparse Representation code (JSRC) and Multiple kernel learning (MKL). Feature fusion algorithms are applied to each multimodal biometric system individually and the performance of the system is analyzed. In this paper, a feature fusion technique is proposed that considers the class associations in feature sets, and the method was called as Discriminant correlation Technique (DCT), eliminates the between class correlation and restricts the correlations to be within classes.


Objectives To investigate the relationship between acute hyperglycemia level and prognosis in patients following spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods A total 661 consecutive patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage(from symptom onset to hospital and evaluated≤24 hours)were admitted to West China Hospital,Sichuan University from March 1,2002 to March 1,2009 were recruited prospectively.The blood glucose levels of the patients and other clinical materials related to the prognosis were collected comprehensively.Hyperglycemia was defined as the blood glucose level≥8 mmol/L at admission. The mortality and disability(as modified Rankin scale≥3)of the patients 1 year after intracerebral hemorrhage were followed up.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between hyperglycemia and prognosis.Results A total of 661 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were recruited.①Of the patients,194(29.3%)had hyperglycemia and 65(9.8%)had diabetes mellitus. ②The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score were positively correlated with the admission random blood glucose levels significantly(r =0.392,P =0.000).③Compared to the patients with normal blood glucose,the risk of death in patients with hyperglycemia was 4.357 times of those with normal blood glucose at 1 year(OR =4.357;95% CI:2.586-7.340),and the risks of mortality/disability was 3.117 times of those with normal blood glucose at 1 year(OR =3.117;95% CI:1.888-5.144). Conclusion The blood glucose levels on admission showed significant positive correlation with the severity of the disease.The random glucose level≥8 mmol/L on admission might be an independent risk factor influencing the prognosis of patients 1 year after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.


We have investigated the effect of nonmagnetic impurities on the quasi-one-dimensional unconventional density wave (UDW) ground state. The thermodynamics were found to be close to those of a d-wave superconductor in the Born limit. Four different optical conductivity curves were found depending on the direction of the applied electric field and on the wavevector dependence of the gap.


Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is the most mobile and reactive soil carbon source available. It plays an important role in many biogeochemical processes. In this study, we assessed WSOC in the upper 0 to 15 cm soil layer, during the growing season of three representative alpine grassland types of Northern Tibet, with an average elevation of over 4500 m. We also evaluated the contributions of soil environmental factors on the three types of grassland. We found that the WSOC was typically higher at the first sampling in May and decreased with subsequent samples. Furthermore, over the short growing season, the alpine meadow steppe ecosystem had significantly higher WSOC content than the alpine meadow and alpine steppe ecosystems. Soil WSOC of alpine grasslands also negatively correlated with both soil temperature and moisture. These results indicated that soil WSOC is considerably different among the different types of grassland in the same alpine area, and we conclude that soil environmental conditions including soil temperature and moisture are important influencing factors that control soil WSOC content.


Plasticization of polystyrene-based ionomers with surfactant molecules having head groups identical to the ionic groups along the polymer chains causes a large decrease in the T g associated with the ionic clusters. In contrast, the T g of the polystyrene matrix is much les dependent on the amount of added surfactant. This preferential plasticization of the ionic cluster phase is attributed to the incorporation of surfactant head groups into the multiplets, while the tail groups reside in the proposed regions of restricted mobility surrounding the multiplets


The influence of single drug and multiple drug effect of the selected drugs on hypoglycaemic activity were studied in Wistar rats. Rats were selected as suitable animal models for the study of the above parameters since adequate quantities of blood samples can be collected at the desired intervals of time. Healthy Wistar rats were selected for set of experiment. These studies were conducted in the same group of rats in same group of animals. The experimental conditions and protocols were same for all sets of selected drugs. The experiments were designed to get Serum glucose level data from the study, by estimating the blood glucose. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes and to improve the therapeutic effect extracts of Aloe vera (Aloe) and Murraya koenigii (Curry leaves), Azadirachta indica (Neem) can be used. Here we maintained same group of animals with appropriate wash out periods. In this study we perform about the hypoglycemic effect of the Aloe, Neem and Curry leaves individually and in combination on Wistar rats.


The authors measure the ratio of branching fractions Br(B{sup {minus}} {r_arrow} D*{sup 0} l{sup {minus}} {bar {nu}})/Br({bar B}{sup 0} {r_arrow} D*{sup +} l{sup {minus}} {bar {nu}}) using full reconstruction of both charged and neutral D*. The analysis technique does not rely on monte carlo predictions of the efficiencies for the soft pions from D* decay. The result is also insensitive to model predictions for the distributions of the B decay products, as long as these are the same for both decays.


Experimental and clinical trials were made to compare systemic effects of bipolar-impulse and sinusoidal modulated currents including redistribution of extracellular liquid. When used in patients with temporomandibular painful dysfunction syndrome and temporomandibular deforming arthrosis, the technique developed by the author promoted normalization of locomotor function and has a definite lymphodraining action.


Introduction: Several gene editing strategies have been developed to cure sickle cell disease (SCD), including the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to edit beta-globin (HBB), gamma-globin (HBG), or B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A (BCL11A) in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from patients with SCD. Although high gene-editing rates can be achieved and off-target effects reduced, new challenges in applying the gene-editing strategies, including unintended gene modifications, need to be addressed in order to cure SCD with high efficacy and safety. To date, due to limitations in sequencing methods, studies on CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for treating SCD only identified small insertions/deletions (INDELs); the extent and consequences of unintended large gene modifications are generally unknown. Here we provide accurate quantification and profiling of unintended gene modifications due to Cas9 induced double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in SCD HSPCs, including large deletions, insertions, and complex chromosomal arrangements, and the comparison of different approaches.
 Methods: R-66S gRNA targets the sickle mutation on the HBB. R-02 gRNA generates a DSB 16 bp away from the sickle mutation site. SD-02 gRNA introduces a 13-bp Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH) deletion as a major INDEL in the HBG1/HBG2 promoter to reactivate fetal hemoglobin (HbF). BCL11A gRNA targets the GATA1 site at the BCL11A erythroid enhancer to induce HbF. R-66S, R-02, SD-02, and BCL11A gRNAs were respectively complexed with SpyCas9 and delivered as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) to SCD HSPCs. To accurately quantify CRISPR/Cas9 induced large modifications in gene-edited SCD HSPCs, we used PacBio Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) Sequencing with Unique Molecular Identifiers (UMI). The 5-6 kb region around the Cas9 cut-site was dual-UMI tagged using two PCR cycles. The second and third PCR was performed with minimal cycle numbers to enrich the UMI-tagged template molecules. The SMRTbell library composed of edited and unedited SCD HSPCs samples was sequenced on a PacBio Sequel II 8M flowcell using the circular consensus sequencing (CCS) mode. The PacBio subreads were converted to HiFi reads and subjected to UMI consensus read generation and variant calling.
 Results: SMRT-seq with UMI revealed high rates and broad spectra of unintended large deletions (> 200 bp) induced by Cas9 cutting at HBB, HBG1, and BCL11A genes in RNP treated samples, with respectively R-66S RNP, 31.7%; R-02 RNP, 17.4%; SD-02 RNP, 13.3%; BCL11A RNP, 40%. The large deletions have a very broad distribution of sizes and locations. In addition, we found large insertions (> 50 bp) and local complex chromosomal rearrangements at the Cas9 cut-sites. Therefore, the current assessment of gene-editing rates using short-read Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) misses a substantial proportion of Cas9-cutting induced large gene modifications, resulting in an inaccurate measure of both allele and genotype frequencies.
 Discussions: We found that unintended on-target large deletions occur at high rates at HBB, HBG1, and BCL11A in gene-edited SCD HSPCs. These results raise significant safety concerns regarding gene-editing of HSPCs to treat SCD. Our results demonstrate the importance of detecting and quantifying all possible CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing outcomes to ensure the efficient and safe translation of gene-editing-based strategies to cure SCD and other human diseases. Additional work is required to determine the functional consequences of the unintended gene modifications and the persistence of the unintended large gene modifications at the on-target cut-sites.

 Sheehan: Forma Therapeutics: Research Funding; Beam Therapeutics: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding.


Objective:Developing a method to determine the thirteen volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in drinking water.Methods: The thirteen volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in drinking water were determined by headspace capillary gas chromatography.Results: Under the optimal experimental conditions,the recoveries of the thirteen volatile halogenated hydrocarbons were in the range of 81.3%~104.7%,the relative standard deviations were from 1.52% to 5.68%,and the determination limited is between 0.025 μg/L~8.4 μg/L.Conclusion: The method we developed is rapid,simple and accurate.Using the method,a variety of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons could be determined simultaneously.


ABSTRACT This study examined the association of household food security and school participation in the community eligibility provision (CEP). Surveys were collected from 427 households within 5 schools participating in CEP, and therefore providing access to universal free school meals, and three matched comparison district schools, which were CEP-eligible but not participating. Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for race/ethnicity and education level, revealed that the odds of being in a food insecure household were twice as likely for students attending CEP-eligible, but not participating schools than for students attending CEP schools [OR 2.85 (95% CI 1.67, 4.88)].


The paper minutely introduces the selection of plants for afforestation of road and the disposition of plants,at the same time expounds the form of planting on the sidewalks in urban as well as the disposing form in afforestation of municipal highway.


Abstract Motivation is the most challenging and complex issue facing educators today. There are two types of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. To foster life-long learning educators need to stimulate intrinsic motivation in their students. Three factors that stimulate and sustain intrinsic motivation include personal relationships, shared responsibility, and safety. The expectancy theory also identifies elements affecting motivation. Technology is a tool that fits into all of these factors to capture the students' motivation. Abstract Motivation is the most challenging and complex issue facing educators today. There are two types of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. To foster life-long learning educators need to stimulate intrinsic motivation in their students. Three factors that stimulate and sustain intrinsic motivation include personal relationships, shared responsibility, and safety. The expectancy theory also identifies elements affecting motivation. Technology is a tool that fits into all of these factors to capture the students' motivation.


Topological phases of nonreciprocal photonic platforms are usually characterized by the Chern number. Different from condensed-matter systems, so far no physical meaning has been attributed to the photonic Chern number. Here, it is shown that the photonic Chern number is the quantum of the thermal or quantum fluctuation-induced light-angular momentum in a closed photonic insulator cavity.


In this paper, we present a two fluid mixing model based on hyperbolic equations having complete state variables (velocity, pressure, temperature) for each fluid. The numerical algorithm is an extension of a front tracking method from microdynamics to macrodynamics. The numerical results are validated by comparison to the incompressible limit.


The questions of processing the information received with the help of phased antennas are examined on the basis of the theory of optimum reception. The analytical formulas are proposed for determining the estimation dispersion of the amplitude DU, azimuth Dα and tilt angle Dβ of the received plane wave.


This study considers which types of traffic generators or magnets are preferred as site locations for various types of restaurants. Data collected from corporate executives responsible for site location of major restaurant franchises were subjected to statistical analysis regarding basic benefits and levels of service. The findings determined that restaurants prefer to locate near people magnets offering benefits and levels of service to consumers similar to their own offerings. In addition, various types of restaurants rank people magnets differently. The results of this study should be used as a practical guide to small independent restaurant entrepreneurs wishing to gain insight into the magnet preferences of the major chain franchises.


There is the issue a one united humanity. This problem has a humanistic origin and noospheric solution. For unified noospheric mankind it is not required a planetary state.


Atomic diffuse scattering intensity from a single crystal of fcc Pt–12.5 at.% Mn alloy was measured with the use of X-ray diffraction. Diffuse intensity maxima at 1/2 1/2 1/2 and its equivalent pos...


Abstract : The objective of this program is to develop high performance television camera tubes by exploiting the capabilities of the secondary electron conduction (SEC) storage target. The program is divided into two principle areas. First, it is intended to establish current performance limitations of the SEC target by measuring such parameters as resolution, gain and capacity. Particular emphasis will be placed on the resolution measurements. Second, attempts will be made to find out how the target, or its mode of operation, may be modified so as to improve overall camera tube performance. Again, special attention will be devoted to achieving better resolution. The two lines of investigation are complementary, and the test equipment and procedures developed for the first part of the program will be used to evaluate any promising target modification devised during the second part.


Taking measures from the problems existing in the non-profit organizations of our country,referres to the ripe experience of developed countries regulating nonprofit organizations,finds out the imperfection during our government regulating the non-profit organizations.According to our practical conditions,puts forward the effective measures that are quickens legal system building and at the same time strengthens the supervision and management for non-profit organizations.


This index section presents a list of names and places that occur in this book Rewriting Roman History in the Middle Ages. The Historia Romana was the most popular work on Roman history in the Middle Ages. A highly interesting aspect of its transmission and reception are its many redactions which bear witness to the continuous development of the text in line with changing historical contexts. The book presents the very first classification of such rewritings, and produces new insights into historiographical discourse in the Middle Ages.Keywords: Middle Ages; Roman History


"Nature-Deficit Disorder"—it sounds so clinical, and yet it is a masterful turn of phrase employed by author Richard Louv to sound the alarm about an issue that languished for too long in environmental circles. Add the words "saving our children," and Louv deftly shifts into the realm of public interest with his latest book, Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from NatureDeficit Disorder (Second Edition). Louv's thesis, in a nutshell, is that absence of nature from children's lives is a kind of pathology. And while it may not yet qualify as a bona fide medical diagnosis, the designation is an effective tactic for re-framing the issue of our growing alienation from nature and drawing the attention of a broad public audience. Fortunately for Louv, the environment has become quite the hot topic these days, making his job considerably easier as people have warmed (as it were) to the issue. The fact of the matter is, Louv's message is not particularly new; environmentalists having been talking about the effects of nature's growing disappearance from our lives for many years. What is new is that he has crafted that message into a compelling story that appeals to popular discourse; he has packed it with provocative anecdotes and examples demonstrating both good and bad consequences; and he has backed it all with data culled from a growing body of research on nature/human relations. Perhaps Louv's shrewdest move is his proclamation that exposure to nature is a public health issue—physical, mental, even social— and studies back him up. Among the physical health issues he cites is childhood obesity, which has climbed dramatically—in part because children do not engage in the level of outdoor physical activity that previous generations once did. Internet, video, and other electronic


We demonstrate the modulation instability (MI) and four-wave mixing (FWM) spectra at the input of a pump accompanied with a seed in the dispersion-shifted fiber. By numerically solving the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, it is confirmed that there are two regions as the absolute value of the second-order fiber dispersion decreases, where MI and FWM dominates, respectively. We attribute this phenomenon to the competition between MI and FWM. Furthermore, for the FWM-dominating region, it can be divided into two subregions according to the different power levels of MI, which mainly results from the power transfer between MI and dispersive wave. Our results may lead to a further understanding of nonlinear interactions in optical fiber.


We propose a novel impulse driving method for the liquid crystal display, which improves motion picture quality without sacrificing maximum brightness. Moreover, we also propose new evaluation method for flat panel display in the bright environment, which reflect the display quality in the actual light situation.


In order to study physical properties of marine aerosols, sampling and counting of aerosols between the surface and lower free troposphere were performed on board R/V Mirai during the MR00-K04 and MR01-K02 cruises. Two Kosa events were observed during the MR01-K02 cruise and an intensive observation was performed with the assistance of CFORS prediction. Continuous measurements of number size distribution between 4.4 and 5,000 nm in diameter in the surface air were carried out. The lifetime of aerosols which was estimated by the data of the size distribution and four tracers (Rn, ThB, CO, C2Cl4) was dependent on the size. The refractive index of aerosols was estimated by comparing the backward scattering coefficients obtained with kytoon and lidar. Furthermore, individual particles were analyzed with TEM/EDX and the degrees of modification and internal mixing of sea salt particles with dust were discussed.


Hua'er, a type of traditional oral performance, is one of the national intangible cultural heritages (ICH) in China. Experts have been trying to enhance public's awareness of Hua'er protection through digital documentation technology, but there's no efficacious means to attract interest and popularize knowledge yet. In this paper, we propose an interactive VR system engaging audiences to experience and understand the connotation of Hua'er performance. Based on an online survey with the public and in-depth interviews with Hua'er experts, we derive a set of design requirements for generating embodied storytelling and interactive experience in VR. Accordingly, we design "Hua'er and the Youth" (HY) that integrates three methods (virtual avatar, participatory performance, and game-based knowledge acquisition) and conduct a between-subjects user study to compare HY with the Comparison system. The results suggest that our methods significantly improved audience's interactive experience, knowledge level and the awareness of ICH safeguarding.


The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) is concerned over the slow progress, low level of innovation, and high cost of publicly funded remediation projects in Sweden. More efficient and effective remediation of the estimated 1300 high-risk sites is needed if the national environmental objective, A Non-Toxic Environment, is to be met. Cleanup of contaminated sites, while reducing risks to human health and the environment, are known to have significant negative effects, including greenhouse gas emissions, disturbance to communities, and production of large amounts of waste to landfills. This has led to increased focus in the past decade on the sustainable remediation concept, accounting for the contradictory secondary effects of remediation. A number of sustainability assessment tools and methods are now available to assess the sustainability of remediation alternatives, including the SCORE (Sustainable Choice Of REmediation) method, developed at Chalmers. It is unclear, however, if sustainability assessment leads to increased remediation efficiency and effectiveness. The main objective of the literature review is to study how remediation efficiency and effectiveness are defined in literature and to map out possible indicators to be used in further study. It was found that remediation efficiency and effectiveness can be conceptualized on three levels: technical, project and national. Efficiency indicators focus on productivity in terms of outputs vs inputs, whereas effectiveness indicators focus on reaching specified goals or outcomes. Chosen indicators should include consideration of both risk reduction, time and costs, as well as project specific goals. Comparison of sites of differing size and characteristics with respect to efficiency and effectiveness is likely difficult given indicators considering diverse aspects.


This case study allows students in a variety of insurance courses to analyze the use of retained asset accounts for insurance policy payouts to beneficiaries that, when reported by Bloomberg Magazine in a series of articles published in 2010, led to litigation and the enactment of statutory and regulatory reforms in some states. In analyzing this multifaceted case, students can be assigned to examine insurance laws and regulations, insurance operations, decision making under uncertainty, ethics, reputation, and/or customer relations.


Since the start of the Seikan Undersea Tunnel construction, long horizontal exploratory borings have been employed in order to forecast geological conditions ahead of tunnel face. This article describes how the geological charts were produced beforehand from the accumulateddata of the advanced borings, and the comparisons are made with the factual geological maps obtained at the excavation site. This paper also presents the evaluation method for estimating of the rock condition and the water inflow.


Because precise determination of a computer virus is undecidable,a method based on improved K-nearest neighbor to detect computer virus approximately is presented in this paper.It can successfully overcome the disadvantage of normal virus scanner,which can only detect known virus.First improved the primal K-nearest neighbor algorithm,which can make it more suitable for computer virus detection.And a virus detect system based on this detect method is also designed.This system can detect known computer virus and can analysis and judge shadiness program,diagnose which kind of computer virus is infected.


UV‐radiation curing has become a well accepted technology which has found its main applications in the coating industry, the graphic arts and microelectronics. The liquid to solid phase change proceeds within a fraction of a second on intense illumination at ambient temperature. The kinetics of such ultrafast polymerization have been followed in situ by real‐time infrared spectroscopy. This technique proved well suited to assess the performance of the various constituents of a UV‐curable formulation (photoinitiator, monomer, functionalized oligomer) from measurements of the actual polymerization rate and of the final cure extent. The photopolymerization of both radical‐type (acrylates) and cationic type (epoxides, vinyl ethers) monomers has been examined, as well as that of monomer blends. Interpenetrating polymer networks have been synthetized by photocrosslinking of a hybrid acrylate/epoxide system which generates a hard and scratch‐resistant polymer material.


A new method has been developed for the accurate measurement of the velocity of compressional waves in solid specimens. This is based on the cancellation of a traveling wave train, which has undergone reflection at the ends of the specimen, by a second wave train launched from the same transducer. A description is given of the experimental system employed.A correction must be made for the phase shift which occurs when the ultrasonic signal is reflected at the interface between specimen and transducer. A theoretical study of the effects of the transducer and coupling film shows that the correction is a function of the resonant frequency of the transducer and of the ratio of acoustic impedance of the transducer to that of the specimen.The application of the correction enables the velocity of propagation to be determined to within 1 in 104.


'A designer who knows how to deploy formal research appropriately may introduce strong new currents into the ocean of possibility'.


On the basis of structural investigations in an area of over 150 sq. km forming the western termination of the Bhavani lineament, the validity of the simple shear strain model adopted by Katz to explain movements along the lineament is examined. The model explains satisfactorily the formation of the first two of the three generation of folds recognised as well as the associated foliation and mineral lineation whereas it cannot be applied in the case of the last generation of folds.


Raw measurements of mechanical data are rarely used to answer engineering questions. A long-standing practice has been high-pass and/or low-pass filtering to better show the desired content in a measurement, while decreasing extraneous information. These classic methods continue in widespread use, however in a digital world, the choice of specific filter type has become unlimited. Such flexibility can be especially confusing to the new measurement engineer and intended reader. This paper will present experience in filtering mechanical measurements and sometimes unintended consequences.


A numerical simulation of sound emission from the helical mode of an under-expanded supersonic jet has been implemented. This simulation is still a challenging problem, since aeroacoustic noise from a supersonic jet is closely associated with the three-dimensional, complicated flow structure including various scale vortices, shock cell structure, and a turbulent mixing layer, which is very sensitive to the accuracy of computation. In the present study, an accurate numerical code is used; that is, the fourth order WENO scheme in spatial discretization to reduce numerical dissipation, and the third order Runge-Kutta method in time integration. The computed sound frequency of screech tone and the instability mode agree with the experimental data measured at our laboratory. The mechanism of sound generation along with the flow field is explained in this paper.


3 Meanplasmahalf-life andpeakplasmaconcentrations inpatients withrespiratory disease seen following prednisolone administration agree wellwithprevious studies inhealthy volunteers performedby otherworkersusingcompetitive proteinbindingand radioimmunoassay techniques. 4 A considerable inter-patient variation in bioavailability aftera standard doseof prednisolone (20mg)was noted.


Introduction: Exposure to high levels of copper at the workplace results in many adverse health effects with possible genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Aim of work: To evaluate oxidative stress and detect the extent of DNA damage among workers at a copper processing factory. Materials and methods: The studied group is composed of 36 male workers from a copper processing factory and 34 male as a control group non-exposed to copper matched for age and socioeconomic status. Total antioxidant capacity was measured for all participants as an oxidative stress parameter, and urinary 8-OHdG was assayed by ELISA. Extent of DNA damage in leucocytes was also evaluated by comet assay as a biomarker of genotoxicity. Results: In the exposed workers, mean serum copper and urinary 8-OHdG were higher when compared to controls (155.1 ± 23 versus 77.9 ± 8.5 ug/dL and 9.7 ± 5 versus 4.1 ± 1.2 ng/mg creatinine, respectively; p<0.001 in each). T-AOC measured in exposed workers was significantly lower than that of the comparison group. There was significant DNA damage in leucocytes of exposed workers compared to the control group with mean comet tail length (9.5 ± 3.7 versus 5.7 ±1.4 mm; p < 0.001). T-AOC was negatively correlated with comet tail length; r=-0.64 and 8-OHdG showed positive correlation; r=0.71 (p < 0.001 for each). Linear regression models revealed that 8-OHdG is the significant predictor of DNA damage assayed by comet test whereas smoking, work duration and age had no significant effect on DNA damage. Conclusion: copper-exposed workers are at risk of oxidative stress with consequent DNA damage and potential genotoxic effect.


In recent decades, the I-beam has become one of the most important engineering structural components being applied in areas such as mechanical, civil, and constructional engineering. To ensure safety and proper maintenance, an effective and accurate structural health monitoring method/system for I-beams is urgently needed. This paper proposes a smart sensing system for I-beam crack detection that is based on the energy diffusivity (attenuation) between two individual piezoelectric transducers (PZTs). Sensor (one of the PZTs) responses are analyzed and applied to characterize the health status of the I-beam. Lab experiments are carried out for effective evaluation of this approach in structural health monitoring. The characteristics of crack distribution are studied by calculating and analyzing the energy diffusivity variation of the sensor responses to artificially cuttings to the I-beam. Moreover, instead of utilizing an actuator and a sensor, the system employs a couple of PZTs sensors, which offer the potential for in-field, in situ sensing with the sensor arrays. This smart sensing system can be applied in railway, metro, and iron-steel structures for I-beam health monitoring applications.


Dynamic coalitions are temporary alliances formed between agents in order to achieve specific business goals. Such coalitions can vary widely in architecture, scale, complexity and lifetime. Few techniques have so far emerged to assist in the analysis and design of coalitions. We apply formal model- oriented techniques to help structure the space of dynamic coalitions, with an emphasis on modelling information flow. A series of models is developed in VDM, each emphasising a different "dimension" of the space. These are used to characterise a new dynamic coalition architecture under development for the chemical engineering industry. Tool-supported analysis of this formal model has identified potential improvements in the coalition architecture.


This paper provides a summary of eight instrumentation and control (&C) technology areas, with applications in nuclear power plants (NPPs), that were the focus of a recent study performed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC.) The state of the technology s application in NPPs, along with potential regulatory impact(s), are discussed. The technology focus areas are: (1) sensors and measurement systems, (2) communications media and networking, (3) microprocessors and other integrated circuits, (4) computational platforms, (5) surveillance, diagnostics, and prognostics, (6) human-system interactions, (7) high-integrity software, and (8) I&C architectures in new plants. The regulatory implications of these focus areas with regard to their application in NPPs are also discussed.


A composite ball bat, comprising a plurality of surface faults in the barrel wall. By the inner barrel wall surface includes a plurality of fault, when subjected to rolling or other extreme deflection, bats exhibit performance degradation, i.e., without transient performance enhancement in the cylinder rod. Because there is no barrel performance enhancement, bats can meet the performance by the regulatory limit established by the Association.


The purpose of this work is to develop a localization algorithm that can be used by flying UAVs to locate Wi-Fi devices on the ground. Assuming uncooperative target, we measure the RSSI on the packets that are periodically and spontaneously broadcasted by the Wi-Fi cards, and we use this information to estimate their position. GPs allowed us to reinforce the system against the noise that affects the measurements, and bayesian optimization proved an efficient way for sampling


Introduction Denmark is a country with an active military engagement inside and outside Europe and one of the most continuous supporters of American foreign policy in the post-Cold War era. This is a seemingly marked change with the Danish position during the last stages of the Cold War. Only two decades ago Denmark was country with a typical 'Nordic' foreign policy profile underlining the importance of peaceful conflict solution, international law and the United Nations.


The health and performance of soldiers, firefighters, and other first responders in strenuous and hazardous environments can be continuously and remotely monitored with body‐worn acoustic sensors. The Army Research Laboratory's gel‐coupled acoustic physiological monitoring sensor has acoustic impedance properties similar to the skin that facilitate the transmission of body sounds into the sensor pad, yet significantly repel ambient airborne noises due to an impedance mismatch. Acoustic signal processing detects physiological events such as heartbeats, breaths, wheezes, coughs, blood pressure, activity, motion, and voice for communication and automatic speech recognition. Acoustic sensors can be in a helmet or in a strap around the neck, chest, and wrist. Although the physiological sounds have high SNR, the acoustic sensor also responds to motion‐induced artifacts that sometimes obscure meaningful physiology. A noise‐canceling sensor array configuration helps remove motion noise by using two acoustic senso...


Dilsaver, Steven C. and Robin Davidson: Cholinergic properties of desipramine and amoxapine: assessment using a thermoregulation paradigm. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. & Biol. Psychiat. 1987, 11: 581-599.


Detection of malicious software at the hardware level is emerging as an effective solution to increasing security threats. Hardware based detectors rely on Machine Learning(ML) classifiers to detect malware-like execution pattern based on Hardware Performance Counters(HPC) information at run-time. The effectiveness of these learning methods mainly relies on the information provided by expensive-to-implement limited number of HPC. This paper is the first attempt to thoroughly analyze various robust machine learning methods to classify benign and malware applications. Given the limited availability of HPC the analysis results help guiding architectural decision on what hardware performance counters are needed most to effectively improve ML classification accuracy. For software implementation we fully implemented these classifier at OS Kernel to understand various software overheads. The software implementation of these classifiers are found to be relatively slow with the execution time in the range of milliseconds, order of magnitude higher than the latency needed to capture malware at run-time. This is calling for hardware accelerated implementation of these algorithms. For hardware implementation, we have synthesized the studied classifier models on FPGA to compare various design parameters including logic area, power, and latency. The results show that while complex ML classifier such as MultiLayerPerceptron and logistics are achieving close to 90% accuracy, after taking into consideration their implementation overheads, they perform worst in terms of PDP, accuracy/area and latency compared to simpler but slightly less accurate rule based and tree based classifiers. Our results further show OneR to be the most cost-effective classifier with more than 80% accuracy and fast execution time of less than 10ns, achieving highest accuracy per logic area, while mainly relying on only a single branch-instruction HPC information.


An area of substantial research is that of predicting product sales, such as books, video games and movie tickets. There are a number of prediction models that have been used to predict future sales however these models attempt to solve the problem by making assumptions. These models assume that independent variables are truly independent. In theory, there should be zero correlation between any of the independent variables. In practice, however, many variables are related, sometimes quite highly. Therefore, different prediction techniques/methods have been and are being researched on and proposed to address this drawback. The aim of this study is to identify ways of improving prediction of product sales in mobile phones. Consequently, the study will realize a predictive model that will classify sentiments from social media and compute the probability and present an improved predictive model. Keyword: Bayesian Networks, Graphical Models, Prediction Model, Social Media, Electronic


During the late 1980s and 1990s, legal impediments to police officers making warrantless arrests in misdemeanor domestic violence cases were replaced by presumptive arrest statutes or statutes making arrest mandatory when probable cause existed. The changes in police practices related to domestic violence were paralleled by changes in the prosecution of these cases. So-called "no-drop" or "evidence-based" prosecution policies allow domestic violence cases to go forward even without (or in spite of ) the testimony of the victim. To date, however, there is little evaluation data that can be brought to bear on the wisdom of no-drop policies. The study reported here seeks to determine whether nodrop policies increase the rate of successful prosecution and conviction.


Department of Experimental Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan1. IntroductionMenthapiperita (Linn.), commonlycalledpeppermint, belongingto the family Labiatae, is consideredaromatic, stimulant and carminative. It is used to allaying nausea, flatulence and vomiting [1]. Menthaextract (ME) has been shown to have antioxidant properties due to the presence of eugenol, caffeic acid,rosmarinic acid and


A method is presented for the multielemental analysis of a wide range of elements in milk whey, using a double focusing ICP-MS instrument. Whey samples were diluted, 1 + 4 for minor and trace elements and 1 + 1999 for major elements, with ultrapure water and addition of Ga, Y, Rh, In and Tl as internal standards. Two different scans were used for the analysis. The first scan, m/Δm = 300, for the analysis of Sr, Cd, Hg and Pb and the second scan, m/Δm = 3000, for the analysis of Na, Al, Ca, Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Se. The lower background and greater sensitivity of double focusing instruments at low resolution mode provide better detection limits than quadrupole based instruments. A reference material, BCR Natural skim milk powder (CRM 063R), was analysed for the validation of the proposed method. The found levels show a good concordance with certified levels. The method was also applied to the multielemental analysis of human milk whey, cow milk whey and formula milk whey. The results obtained show considerable differences in trace element content on human, cow and formula milk whey.


Abstract The origins, meaning, and elaborations of task analysis are discussed in relation to the design of instruction. Learning task analysis is described as having the purpose of identifying and classifying the performances that are the outcomes of learning, and also those subordinate performances that are prerequisite to such learning. As a technique, task analysis begins with the expected performance and works backwards to the stimulus situation (i.e., the "content"). This procedure contrasts with content analysis, which categorizes the components of existing content. It is argued that the procedures of task analysis can be employed, if desired, in analyzing existing content to reveal its probably intended outcomes. In addition, some problems are discussed in using task analysis to predetermine the characteristics of content for instructional design.


The mid-1950s in China are still remembered as a time when 'doors were unbolted at night and no-one pocketed anything found on the road' (ye bu bi hu, dao bu shi yi). In recent years, complaints about corruption and social diversiveness have become prevalent, with people harking back to the honesty and sense of unity that reportedly prevailed during those early years of the People's Republic a period when society displayed, one criminologist has asserted, a standard of behaviour seldom seen in history.' The Fifties are now regarded by adult Chinese as a 'golden age'. Crime rates fell considerably up to 1957, but rose rapidly thereafter as a consequence of the political campaigns against Rightists. In 1956 the total crime rate was a mere 23 cases per 100,000 population.2 In 1957 it rose to 58, due largely to political arrests, and in 1958 to 120; 'counter-revolutionary crime' that year accounted for 45.8 per cent of all cases.3 The total number of


involves thinking long-term, involvement of staff in problem-solving at their place of work and close co-operative working with key suppliers. He uses this approach both to analyse organizations and to propose another way of working. He introduces a concept of public value although in my view this is not fully articulated in the book. This is an important book for anyone seeking to understand the current management ideology in Prison and Probation. It is an easy book to read as it avoids both theoretical debate and translates management jargon into a more easily understood language. Seddon's analysis of targets, the lack of trust, outsourcing and other key managerial methods resonates strongly with the probation experience.


In this note, results from a careful programme of experimental research are presented examining the variation of the effective stress parameter along main drying and wetting paths and in transition from drying to wetting. Both dimensional and non-dimensional representations of the results are discussed and the general trends observed are highlighted. A simple model is presented for the quantification of the contribution of suction to the effective stress of the solid skeleton including the hysteresis effects due to wetting and drying. In addition, it is shown that the degree of saturation may not be a suitable candidate as the effective stress parameter for such quantification.


In this paper, the authors first prove a weighted and exponential generalization of Wilker's inequality. The main result presented here is then applied with a view to deriving an improved version of the Sándor–Bencze conjectured inequality. Some other closely-related inequalities are also considered.


We present a change detection method for nonlinear stochastic systems based on projection particle filtering. The statistic for this method is chosen in such a way that it can be calculated recursively while the computational complexity of the method remains constant with respect to time. We present some simulation results that show the advantages of this method compared to linearization techniques.


With the formation and development of the tourist industry,tourist development has a great influence not only on the prosperity of traditional culture and local economy,but also on the vicissitudes of local destinations and the occupational structure of the residents.The article starts with the research on the influence of tourist development on the occupational structure of the residents and systematically combs and analyses the research of the occupational structure of the residents in tourist destinations.


The invention provides a method and device for rolling a steel wire through a large vertical spool. A spindle device is installed on a machine frame and fixedly connected with the detachable spool. A straightener is fixed to a vertical moving frame of a wire arranging device, a motor is fixed to the side face of the machine frame, a braking device is arranged on the spindle device, and a safety protection device is installed on the machine frame. A winding method includes the steps that a door on the safety protection device is opened, the assembled detachable spool is installed on the spindle device in a lifting mode, the spool is tightly locked through a nut and a taper sleeve, after the steel wire is wound on the spool by three to five circles through a wheel of the straightener on the wire arranging device and the wire arranging distance is well adjusted, a power supply is started, and the motor drives the spool on the spindle to rotate so as to achieve wire winding. According to the method and device for rolling the steel wire through the large vertical spool, the phenomenon that a steel wire is twisted in the winding process is avoided, wire arrangement is tight and smooth, meanwhile large flexible packaging stacking is achieved, stacking fields and investment of the spool are saved, and the cost is lowered.


FCAS was infiltrated with IL-17-positive cells, which appeared to be neutrophils. This is the first report of IL-17 expression in an urticarial lesion of a patient with FCAS. In conclusion, we hypothesize that the urticarial rash in FCAS is induced by IL-1b as a result of NLRP3 activation; IL-1b activates Th17 cells leading to IL-17-associated neutrophil recruitment into the dermis. In addition, the neutrophil infiltrate might secrete more IL-17, and cause further inflammation. The blockage of IL-1b by anakinra provides therapeutic benefit for patients with CAPS; however, long-term benefit and safety data are needed. We speculate that IL-17 might be a potential therapeutic target.


The adoption, following the Rice Riots of 1918, of a policy of 'imperial self-sufficiency' in rice is generally regarded as a triumph for Japan's industrial interests, securing as it did lower food prices for wage-earners, and as a major cause of the 'agricultural problem' of the inter-war years. However, when viewed against the background of developments in the rice market and in Japan's international trade in rice from 1890 onwards, it can also be seen as a response to, on the one hand, shifts in the pattern of food demand as consumers became better off and adopted 'urban' life-styles, and, on the other, the emergence of bureaucratic support for the protection of the small-scale, rice-cultivating farm household in Japan. In this light, what turned out to be a costly solution, in both the short and long terms, to the food supply problem of industrial Japan can be argued to have been less a 'defeat for agriculture' and more a compromise between industrial interests, consumer demand and the prevailing structure of agriculture.


By examining the example of the Yangtze River Delta,this paper uses VEC model to determine effects of rural financial development on farmer income growth. The results show that rural financial development structure has significant positive effects on farmer income growth in the long term,but the scale and efficiency of rural financial development have negative influence. In the short term,the scale and efficiency of rural financial development have lagged positive effects on farmer income growth. Of the variables considered,rural financial development structure makes a great contribution to changes in farmer income growth and long-term sustainability,and the contribution of rural financial development scale is a litter more than that of rural financial development efficiency and rural capital input.


In 2005, the Petroleum Safety Authority Norway (PSA), gave special priority to a programme of ageing and life extension. The programme comprised technical investigations into how ageing will reduce the safety of the facilities and how this can be managed, plus cooperation with the petroleum industry to develop standards and guidelines for assessment of ageing facilities for life extension. In addition, audits have looked into the way operators are dealing with the implications of ageing facilities. This paper summarizes the outcome of the programme and the experience gained from it.Copyright © 2011 by ASME and Government of Norway


Radicular cysts associated with primary teeth are rare. This case report describes radicular cyst associated with carious primary mandibular second molar in a 5-year-old patient and discusses its surgical intervention, space management, and follow-up for 3½ years.


Work in M G-D lab is supported by Ministry of Economy
and Competitiveness, Spain (MINECO), grant number
BFU2012-37304, and by Junta de Andalucia, Spain, grant
number P12-CTS-2064.


The global roll-out of Xpert MTB/RIF has changed the diagnostic landscape of tuberculosis (TB). Millions of tests have been performed and detection of multidrug-resistant TB has increased threeto eight-fold compared to conventional testing. The roll-out has galvanized stakeholders and paved the way for universal drug susceptibility testing. However, there are highlighted gaps that have constrained its scale-up and limited impact on patient outcomes. Consequently, this study was carried out to assess the uptake of GeneXpert technology for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in Rivers State, Nigeria. A retrospective gene Xpert program data from 11 sites (1 primary, 8 secondary and 2 tertiary health care facilities) of TB patients supported by USAID through KNCV Challenge TB and Global Fund projects in collaboration with other agencies in Rivers State was collected. Data generated from the service provided in the service sites between January 2015 and December 2017 was reviewed. Many testing sites were not adequately used and there is need for infrastructural support and capacity development. More reliable source of power with comprehensive training, strong referral systems, on-site supervision and regular monitoring should be implemented by the networks of authorized health service providers to ensure adequate and broader coverage and quality of Xpert MTB/RIF diagnostic services is achieved in Nigeria. A critical look into the performance profile of all the gene xpert machines in the state revealed that current average use rate stands at 41.02% in the State with the least being 11.30% at Abua xpert site and the highest being 136.88% at BMSH xpert site.


This paper provides the first cross-comparison of three established elastohydrodynamic computational methods to investigate the conformal long-bearing pure squeeze cylindrical bearing problem with rigid journal and elastic sleeve. The benefits of each analysis method in addressing both theoretical and practical issues in problem formulation and application are discussed. A set of nondimensional design charts for minimum film thickness and maximum film pressure under a step load are presented. With a judicious choice of load and sleeve geometry, it is found that a uniform film pressure can develop over a large film pocket in the limit of conformal journal and sleeve contact even with relatively high modulus materials such as steel.


Teacher's L1/L2 use in Indonesian EFL classroom has been the object of debate among practitioners of a second language and foreign language teaching. Despite the considerable amount of the research that has been conducted on the phenomenon, the focus has often been the advantages and disadvantages. This study reports on a study that investigated subject teacher's language use on Indonesian EFL classroom. It reports research conducted in a private secondary school in Makassar. An Ethnography research has been employed to collect data on how the teacher perceives the L1/L2 use and the extent to which the approaches they adopt impact on students' achievement. The research result demonstrates that the more active the teacher in promoting L2 learning, the more he is aware of the teaching practices used in the classroom. Also, the research result also reveals that the more he improves the quality of his teaching approach, the better language learning his students acquire.


storage, but do charge $15,000 to $25,000 when a unit is provided for transplantation. The fee is usually covered by health insurance, Steinbrook wrote. However, expansion of these public banks has been limited by a shortage of stored cord blood and a lack of funding for storage and collection, he added In contrast, private cord blood banks offer parents the opportunity to store their own child's cord blood for subsequent use by the child or a sibling. Fees generally are about $1,000 to $1,500 for collection and $100 a year for storage. Blood from private banks has been used in only a handful of transplants, Steinbrook notes. One issue: "As medicine is currently practiced, a child's own cord blood cannot be used if the child is born with a genetic disease or develops leukemia." Steinbrook concludes, "A person's own cord blood is very unlikely to be needed for personal or family use, so patients and society are better served when matches from unrelated persons can be found in a public bank."