In 1985 a trial to screen various rootstocks for blight tolerance was established in Letsitele, South Africa. Rough lemon, Troyer citrange, trifoliate orange, Swingle citrumelo, Empress and Cleopatra mandarin were approach root grafted to blighted trees to test their susceptibility to citrus blight. After 42 months the majority of the grafted trees with the exception of Swingle citrumelo exhibited typical visual symptoms of blight. This was accompanied by zinc accumulation in the bark. Citrus blight appears to affect most commercially grown scion varieties and rootstocks in the citrus producing areas of the world where blight occurs (6, 8, 9). The most susceptible rootstock variety appears to be rough lemon followed by the citranges, trifoliate orange, and Swingle citrumelo in that order. More tolerant rootstocks appear to be rootstocks such as Cleopatra mandarin, sweet orange, and sour orange (2, 3, 8). Until the inception of the Citrus Improvement Programme in SouthAfrica in 1973, practically all commercial citrus orchards were on rough lemon rootstock (7). Since 1976, however, although rough lemon has retained its dominance, other rootstocks such as Troyer citrange and Volkamer lemon have become more popular. The use of trifoliate orange as a rootstock has declined to zero. The use of the rootstock varieties Carrizo citrange, Swingle citrumelo, and trifoliate hybrid X639 are on the increase. Cleopatra mandarin was also used to some extent in the past. The discovery of citrus blight in the hot humid citrus producing areas of South Africa (4) and the alarming rate at which the disease was spreading in mature orchards prompted an intensive research effort into screening a large number of rootstock varieties for tolerance to citrus blight in these areas. In 1985 an experiment to test the tolerance of six different rootstock varieties to blight by root grafting young trees to blighted trees was initiated. In 1989 another nine rootstock varieties were planted for screening purposes (Gou Tou, Orlando tangelo, Sampson tangelo, Marsh grapefruit, Volkamer lemon, X639 hybrid, Minneola x trifoliate hybrid, sweet orange, and Sunki mandarin). This paper reports briefly on the preliminary results obtained in this trial after a period of 42 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS Virus-free Delta Valencia sweet orange scion material was used throughout. The rootstock varieties used included rough lemon, Troyer citrange, trifoliate orange, Swingle citrumelo, Empress and Cleopatra mandarin. The nursery trees were 2 yr old when planted in August 1985. The different rootstocks were planted in pairs equidistant from a 15-yr-old blighted donor. Three to four of the roots 5-6 mm in diameter of one of the pair of the young receptor trees was approach grafted to the roots of the donor tree. Seven pairs of each rootstock were planted. Non-grafted trees constituted the controls. The donor blight affected trees were selected using standard diagnostic techniques (5). The trees were treated with granular fomulations of aldicarb and metalaxyl every 12 weeks. Visual monitoring of the blight status ofthe trees was conducted every 3 months. Canopy symptoms were rated on a scale of 0 = healthy, 1 = mild (initial signs of zinc deficiency or blotchy mottle on 2-4 leaves on one branchlet), 2 = moderate (zinc deficiency and blotchy mottle symptoms on at least two branchlets and on more than 4 leaves), 3 = severe (zinc defi304 Eleventh IOCV Conference ciency and blotchy mottle symptoms spreading throughout the canopy, leaves flaccid with canopy becoming sparse). Zinc concentration in trunk phloem tissue was determined by the method of Albrigo and Young (1). As the diameters of the trunks were still relatively small, bark samples were collected over the budunions in order to avoid girdling the trees. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION By March 1988 the first visual symptoms of blight were visible in the trees on Troyer citrange. By August 1988 visual symptoms of blight were observed also in trees on rough lemon and trifoliate orange. During the survey in February 1989 visual symptoms of blight were observed in Empress and Cleopatra mandarin; the trees on Swingle citrumelo were still free of any visual symptoms. Elevated zinc levels accompanied these visual symptoms (Table 1). The order of susceptibility of the trees on different rootstocks appears to be (Table 1): rough lemon, Empress mandarin, Troyer citrange, trifoliate orange, Cleopatra mandarin, Swingle citrumelo. This follows the pattern observed by other researchers based on observations of natural spread ofblight (2,3,8,9). Thereaction of Empress mandarin was however unexpected, being a relative of Cleopatra mandarin it was expected to have exhibited more tolerance. The growth of trees on rough lemon, though the most vigorous of the combinations, was affected most. This was followed by Troyer citrange, trifoliate orange, Cleopatra and Empress mandarin, and Swingle citrumelo, in that order. Trunk growth of trees on Swingle citrumelo was least affected (Table 2). Although screening for blight tolerance by root grafting to blighted trees is a very severe method of challenge as it places extreme pressure on the young nursery trees, it is an effective method of screening and will remain so until more is known of the etiology of blight. This method of screening further demonstrates that citrus blight is caused by a graft transmissible infectious agent.


The process of measuring the propagation characteristics of uniform sound tubes and acoustic filters is complicated by the reflections which may occur at the ends of these structures. The present paper applies some theoretical results on the effect of reflections, obtained in a previous ${\mathrm{p}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r},}^{1}$ to the measurement of the propagation characteristics of tubes and acoustic filters. In making these measurements the device to be measured is inserted in an acoustic transmission system, and the resulting changes in the magnitude and phase of the transmitted wave are measured. The actual observations are made in electrical circuits connected with the terminals of the acoustic system by loud speakers. The impedance of the acoustic system at the point of insertion is made an acoustic resistance. For measurements on straight tubes, the acoustic resistances used are of such a value as to prevent any appreciable reflections from the ends of the tubes, and as a result, the propagation characteristics of an infinite tube are obtained. The results of the measurements on straight tubes indicate that the Helmholtz-Kirchoff law is valid, while the results of measurements on acoustic filters are in good agreement with the theoretical results obtained previously.


The active noise cancellation (ANC), also known as "anti-noise" and "active noise control" involves the electro-acoustic generation (usually with loudspeaker) of a sound field to cancel an unwanted existing sound field. A typical single-channel active noise system consist of: a microphone reference sensor to sampled the disturbance to be cancelled, an electronic control system to process the reference signal and generate the control signal, a loudspeaker driven by the control signal to generate the cancelling disturbance, an error microphone to provide the controller with information so that it can adjust itself to minimize the resulting sound field. In this paper I will present a model of the above technology which can be used in industries in order to prevent noise pollution and provide safety to the workers working under excessive noise.


There are problems with the "reasonable woman" concept for sexual harassment cases. Also, the 1995 findings of Baird, et al., although statistically significant, identify very small differences between men and women subjects. "Reasonable woman," as employed in sexual harassment cases, is a culture-bound concept used by some feminists to present a specific worldview in which women are seen in the victim's role, and men are viewed negatively.


An analytical study is accomplished by using the Finite Hankel Transform Technique for the variation of the temperature and the velocity profile with several nondimensional parameters. In this problem, an electrically conducting fluid has been considered in the vertical concentric annulus, with a perpendicular radial magnetic field. Furthermore, a closed and exact type of expression for the velocity and the temperature are received in the form of Bessel functions of both kinds (first and second). The impact of emerging parameters in this model, such as time, Hartmann number, Prandtl number, and the annular gap between the cylinders, is discussed through graphs, whereas the numerical values of the skin friction, mass flux, and the Nusselt number are given in the tabular form. As a consequence of this, it is detected that the velocity and temperature distributions are increasing continuously with an enhanced time scale. Eventually, it gains its steady state very quickly. Moreover, the impact of the Prandtl number and the Hartmann number leads to a decrease in the velocity profiles.


Results of a previous investigation indicate that there are two successive increases of mitotic activity in the shoot apical meristem of Sinapis alba plants immediately following a single inductive long day. The evidence presented in this paper indicates that the critical daylength for the first or "early" rise in the mitotic index is 1 h shorter than the critical daylength for floral induction. This early mitotic activation is induced by a stimulus generated in the leaves. In a variety of experimental conditions, induction of flowering was always associated with the early mitotic wave. Available evidence thus indicates that this mitotic wave is an essential component of floral evocation. However, this early cell division process always occurs a long time (usually 36 h) before the initiation of the first flower buds and apparently has no functional relationship to floral morphogenesis. Since this early mitotic rise occurs in plants exposed to a short day given at an unusual time during the 24-h cycle, and in plants subjected to a long day but deprived of CO2 during the second half of this long day, that is, without an extended period of photosynthetic CO2 fixation, the mitotic rise noticed is not due to an increased supply of assimilates. In all cases examined, the second or "late" mitotic rise occurs simultaneously with the initiation of the first flower buds by the meristem, and it appears to be an essential event of floral morphogenesis. Except in plants deprived of CO2 during the second half of an inductive long day, the early mitotic rise always occurs 26-30 h after the start of the effective light period and the late rise 36 h later.


Uncertain influences are inherent in many practical processes, stemming for instance from measurement errors in process optimization or missing knowledge about the future behavior of a given system, e.g., the financial markets. Therefore, it is desirable to explicitly consider uncertainties when optimizing such processes. One possible approach for this task is the usage of chance constrained optimization (CCOPT), which allows that the constraints are only held with a certain probability level. This enables the user to make a compromised decision between reliability and profitability. Solving CCOPT problems usually consists of two steps. First, transforming the chance constraints into deterministic ones and then solving the transformed problem with a standard NLP solver. Depending on the underlying process, several approaches exist for the transformation. Here, we investigate the usage of so called analytical approximations (AAs). In general, AA approaches do not lead to an exact deterministic representation of CCOPT problems. Nonetheless, it can be shown that a solution obtained by AA is always feasible for the original problem. Furthermore, the corresponding optimization problem generated by AA is computationally more tractable than the original formulation, making these approaches interesting for larger scale processes. We propose a new AA method and present a comparison with existing AA approaches, considering efficiency and suitability. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The aim was to compare a recently developed peptide alimentation method and the protein-free and regression methods for determining endogenous ileal nitrogen (N) and amino acid excretion in the rat, and to apply the endogenous loss estimates to determine the true ileal digestibility of a meat and bone meal (MBM). Preliminary investigations determined the effect of the time of sampling of digesta after a meal (slaughter method) for rats given a protein-free or an enzymically hydrolysed casein (EHC) based diet, on ileal digesta and endogenous N excretion. There was a significant (P < 0.05) effect of the time of sampling on the amount of digesta collected and the endogenous N excretion for both the EHC and protein-free fed rats. The amount of digesta collected from the terminal 20 cm of ileum and the endogenous N excretion for both the EHC and protein-free fed rats were greatest and least variable at 3 h post-feeding. In the main study, endogenous ileal amino acid excretions were determined in the growing rat fed an EHC-based diet (n = 6) and with subsequent treatment of the digesta using ultrafiltration or in six rats given a protein-free diet or by extrapolation from data for 30 animals given five diets which contained graded levels of MBM as the sole protein source. For the EHC treatment, the ileal digesta precipitate plus retentate was used to determine the endogenous flows. The ultrafiltration step excludes unabsorbed dietary amino acids from the measure of endogenous loss. Chromic oxide was the reference marker in all diets. The endogenous N flows determined by the protein-free and regression methods were similar but both significantly (P < 0.01) lower than those for rats fed the EHC-based diet. The mean endogenous ileal N flows determined by the peptide alimentation method, the protein-free and regression approaches were 1866, 1103 and 1019 μg g−1 freeze dry matter intake, respectively. The endogenous amino acid flows at the terminal ileum were lower when determined using the traditional protein-free or regression methods. The true ileal digestibility coefficients for MBM were considerably higher based on the EHC versus protein-free endogenous flows.


In heterogeneous (HetNet) networks the handover is an important process that affects the Quality of service performance. The decision of handover is the objective rule in the handover process. Due to the fact that the handover is of primary importance in QoS for LTE networks, it is considered in the present work using fuzzy logic design procedure. To determine the handover decision for macro cell or small cell a fuzzy logic design with the following input parameters: Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR), Data Rate, Load, Distance between user and base station and Velocity of user equipment (UE) is introduced. The proposed design is a combination of multi stages of fuzzy logic to reduce the number of rules. This will simplify the design for large input parameters, i.e., reduce the design complexity. Moreover, a proposed three stage-fuzzy logic design for QoS in the LTE networks will also be introduced for VOIP application. The comparison carried out between the proposed design and the conventional one showed a performance improvement of the fuzzy system over the conventional one. Matlab simulation and results will be presented and discussed.


Contextual factors have received increased attention in understanding the challenges and difficulties in translating career education and career guidance services from Western societies to non-Western societies, many of which are undertaking a shift from a socialist and collectivistic system to a more individualistic one. In this article, using China as an example, we discussed the contextual factors in different ecological systems, such as economical, educational, and sociocultural, and how they may facilitate or impede youth career education in a transitioning society. We reviewed a career education program in a Chinese senior middle school to illustrate such impacts. Additionally, we proposed strategies for further development of youth career education in China as well as in other countries with similar transitions. We introduced a framework of a diversified concept of career and several context-resonant career development theories to be considered in guiding youth career education programs in these transitioning societies.


In mobile communication the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) site and the tower maintenance play an important role. In the present day scenario some problems are being faced in its maintenance. The major problems faced include the theft of wires, the fluctuation of temperatures, unauthenticated entry, fuel amount being unnoticed and the vendor and the technician's time management in case of any of the stated problems. In the project work BTS safety and fault management system the measures are taken to rectify these problems. The method makes use of GSM modem which gives the instant message about the each activity happening in the site. The temperature sensors will sense the temperature of the room and if it rises above the threshold value the GSM module will send the message to the master mobile which is already set in the system. The cell site Base Transceiver Station (BTS) which are operated by Diesel generator can be controlled manually or can be put in automatic mode. In addition the site is under the surveillance of CCTV camera which turns ON automatically whenever the site door is opened as a safety measure. Door open/close controller is used for the automatic door opening and closing. The site door can be accessed only through the RFID authentication system. The situation in the site is updated to the technician through messages. The method can greatly improve the BTS site operating efficiency, reduces the delay and fuel consumption. The project has better performance and involves less hardware complexity. The project gives a single comprehensive solution that remotely controls and monitors the subsystems inside each base station site and enables network operators to coordinate and manage the conditions at all base station sites across their network. This system does not demand any changes in the existing infrastructure but just adds more features to it.


Europeans, more than Americans have long been inclined to accept a Paleo lithic period in South America, which would have occurred long before the sudden and obvious appearence, about 11,000 years ago, of Paleoindian hunters. Over the past ten years a pre-Clovis occupation of North America has segun to appear increasingly unlikely, but, at the same time, a number of North and South American archaeologists have joined with Europeans in arguing for an early, non-Paleoindian occupation of South America. This paper is an attempt to put the dispute about Early Man in South America in historical context, and to review the most convincing and important evidence that has been put forward. Essentially no Paleoindian skeletal remains, in North or South America have survived recent scrutiny and direct dating by AMS and small C02 counters. Only a handful of North American sites are still considered reasonably likely to be pre-Clovis, but the concept of an earlier, generalized hunting and gathering adaptation is still popular. South American sites purported in the 1969's and 1970's to be of pre-Paleoin dianage are re-evaluated and found to present only weak or negative indica tions of early occupations. Recently discovered sites in Brazil and Chile are critically examined and the evidence is questioned. The results of this survey and evaluation suggest that we still lack the absolutely certain case that would be necessary to demonstrate the hypothesis. Moreover, the statistical probability is seen to decrease, rather than increase, as the Paleoindian horizon is increasingly defined with more certainty while only equivocal cases are marshalled for Archaic-like, pre-Paleoindian stage. Archaeologists should depend more on the unambiguous and replicated cases, rather than regional exceptions, in writing the general patterns of America prehistory. A plea in made for more interpretive caution, especially where there were possibilities of mixture and secondary deposition. Natural processes often mimic cultural patterns, confusing the positive identification of amorphous hearths and simple artifacts.


The three former High Commission Territories of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland (B>L>S>) retain a special significance on the African scene by virtue of their peculiar relationship with South Africa. While their geographical positions force them into a high degree of economic and political dependence on South Africa, they are very much a part of Black Africa, and their post independence efforts to arrest a degree of "genuine" independence from their dominant neighbour is a matter of considerable interest to economist and politician alike. This interest is made all the stronger by the widely held view that South African policies towards the three states are establishing precedents for, or are at least indicators of, policies towards those "homelands" of South Africa which are already nominally independent or shortly to obtain that status.


As evidence of hyperspectral and multispectral imaging for the quality inspections of food and agricultural products accumulates, the design and calibration of a spectral imaging device is gaining increasing interest. Liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) based spectral imaging, an important branch of modern spectral imaging, has many advantages in food quality and safety inspections. This paper presents the design, integration, and calibration of an LCTF based shortwave infrared spectral imaging system. The system consists of an LCTF, an InGaAs camera, a near-infrared lens, an illumination unit, and the data acquisition software. It was designed to capture hyperspectral or multispectral images in the spectral range of 900 - 1700 nm. The principles and key points of designing the LCTF-based spectral imaging system are summarized and discussed. A series of tests were conducted to calibrate the linearity of the system output, measure the field of view, enhance the system spectral sensitivity, measure the spatial and spectral resolution of the system, evaluate the stability of the system, the image distortion, and reduce the spectral noise of the system output. Results of calibration tests indicated that this system satisfied the design criteria for both spatial and spectral domains. The presented design and calibration methodologies are applicable to the electronic filter-based spectral imaging systems in other applications.


This paper introduces the problems prevailing in community nursing in China.For the purpose of developing community nursing better,it proposes the measures and solutions to enhance the quality of community nursing.


To get the best fermentation medium of Bacillus subtilis S37 with biogas liquid for matrix fermentation,the components of biogas liquid medium for growth of B.subtilis S37 were investigated from single-factors and poly-levels and poly-factors and poly-levels by single factor experiment and orthogonal design experiment,and the bacteria biomass content of S37 was chosen as the experiment index.The results showed that the optimized conditions were:MgSO4·7H2O 1.6 g/L,KNO3 0.6 g/L,CaCO3 2.3 g/L,corn flour 2 g/L,KH2PO4 2.6 g/L,soybean meal 3.0 g/L.As a result,the fermented liquid absorbency effect could reach 1.005,2.65 times higher than that of initial medium before optimization.The research selects optimum culture medium of B.subtilis S37 with biogas liquid for matrix fermentation,which provides technical guidance for industrialization of its production.


The project aims to build an automated essay scoring system using a data set of ≈13000 essays from kaggle.com. These essays were divided into 8 di erent sets based on context. We extracted features such as total word count per essay, sentence count, number of long words, part of speech counts etc from the training set essays. We used a linear regression model to learn from these features and generate parameters for testing and validation. We used 5-fold cross validation to train and test our model rigorously. Further, we used a forward feature selection algorithm to arrive at a combination of features that gives the best score prediction. Quadratic Weighted Kappa, which measures agreement between predicted scores and human scores, was used as an error metric. Our nal model was able to achieve a kappa score of 0.73 across all 8 essay sets. We also got a good insight into what kind of features could improve our model, for example N-Grams and content testing features.


The paper concerns some problems connected with the experiments with the use of the Allium test. The variation degree of the material analysed is also presented. For the sake of standard experiments using the Allium test, it is suggested to grow onion bulbs in deionized water or in Hoagland nutrient. Taking as an example the lead compounds, the paper proves that the kind of water which has been used to prepare the analyzed solution affects significantly the toxicity level of the tested compound. This may be the reason why the results of experiments made by various researchers are incomparable. The differences in metabolism between individual roots are studied as well, both in the control and the exprimental materials. Eventually, it is suggested that the roots of each bulb should be treated individually in all Allium test experiments. The presented approach largely increases accuracy and repeatability of the Allium test results.


A kind of programme algorithm is constructed using discrete sequence of random variable distribution function Poisson,which can achieve the difficulty distribution of test questions in the wit selecting test paper programme,and the circle constraint is used in this algorithm.The test questions which accord with the needs of teachers can be selected quickly from test questions storeroom.This grouping algorithm improved not only the success ratio of grouping test paper,but also the time efficiency of date operation.


The optimum level of fresh granulated low-calcium (0.2%) skim milk co-precipitate, as fat substitute in low-fat ground pork patties was determined on the basis of physico-chemical, cooking and sensory properties. Low-fat ground pork patties (<10% total fat), formulated with 15 per cent water, 4 per cent added fat, 1.5 per cent salt and 4-10 per cent milk co-precipitate, were evaluated for proximate composition, cooking characteristics and compared with control patties with 15 % added fat. The moisture and protein content of raw and cooked low-fat patties were significantly (p<0.05) higher than control. The incorporation of milk co-precipitate in low-fat patties improved cooking yield, fat and moisture retention and reduced shrinkage. The sensory properties of low-fat patties were comparable with control patties. The overall acceptability of low-fat patties formulated with 7% milk co-precipitate was significantly (p<0.05) higher than patties with 10% level and non-significantly (p<0.05) higher than low-fat patties containing 4% milk co-precipitate and control. Instrumental Texture Profiles of developed low-fat patties and control patties were comparable with slight increases in hardness and gumminess of the low-fat product. The developed low-fat ground pork patties (7% milk co-precipitate) had lower TBA values, better microbiological and sensory refrigerated storage stability than high-fat control patties packaged in air permeable films for 21 days. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 4 : 588-595)


It is known that the oral administration of ibuprofen caused an irritation of stomach as a side effect due to its carboxylic moiety. Ibuprofen ester was synthesized by linking the carboxylic moiety of ibuprofen and the hydroxylic group of paracetamol to reduce its side effect. Study the kinetic hydrolysis of prepared ester was examined at different values of physiological pH (1.0, 5.8, 6.4 and 7.4) at 37 ± 0.1 of 1 hour period. Measurements of absorbance were carried out by UV-Visible spectrophotometer to follow the stability of ester, it showed Pseudo first order hydrolysis. The pHapparent rate profiles of ester was exhibited a good stability at pH 1.0 and pH 5.8. Pharmacological activity in vivo of prepared ester was evaluated in relation to analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity using the acetic acid method and the hind paw oedema inhibition, respectively. Acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) was used as a reference drug for the above tests. The synthesized ester showed higher analgesic and anti-inflammatory action than aspirin.


Improved results in the treatment of intraspinal tumors have followed greater sophistication of diagnostic modalities and surgical techniques. Whereas originally tumors could be diagnosed radiologically only by bone erosion seen on radiographic films, now mielography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide precise localization. Indeed, MRI is a stand-alone diagnostic preoperative study for virtually all intradural tumors. With the advent of the operating microscope, microsurgical instruments, bipolar cautery and intraoperative ultrasonography, combined with ultrasoniccavitation devices and other techniques, surgeons can approach these tumors with greater ease.


As an overview of blazar research, we briefly discuss some of the themes of this conference, including the various types of blazars, blazar samples and selection effects, unified schemes, evolution, and jet physics.


With the Supreme Court poised to decide the fate of the disparate impact theory this term, a recent decision by the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia—American Insurance Ass'n v. United States Department of Housing & Urban Development—has reshaped the debate over this issue. In a brief thirteen-page opinion, the court vacated the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) rule codifying the disparate impact theory under the Fair Housing Act (FHA). This is the first time that a court in the D.C. Circuit has addressed whether or not a discrimination claim is cognizable under the disparate impact theory. By contrast, all other eleven circuit courts have


Background and Objectives : Clinical governance is a systematic approach for continuation and promotion of the quality of patient's healthcare services in a health system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of three dimensions of clinical governance system on hospital performance. Methods: This study was performed as a quasi-experimental study in Kamkar hospital in Qom, 2014. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed based on three criteria of clinical governance (patient and public involvement, risk and safety management, and use of hospital information systems). Results of the research were compared before and after intervention. Data analysis was done by paired sample t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon test. Results: The indexes related to the domain of patient and studied hospital invovement had a positive and significant relationship before and after establishment of clinical governance system (p = 0.04). The indexes related to the applying data domain had a significant relationship before and after intervention measures (p=0.02). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, application of clinical governance system can be effective in improving patient and public interaction and use of information.


This article examines the importance of race in the workplace, and the political alternatives open to minority groups such as the Polynesians to protect their interests or imporve their position with respect to other workers.


Background Acupoint application of herbal medicine (AAHM) has been widely used in China. At present, there is no systematic review of AAHM versus placebo in the treatment of asthma. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of AAHM for asthma. Methods Searches were conducted in five English databases and four Chinese databases from their inceptions until December 2020. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials were screened, and included studies evaluated routine pharmacotherapy (RP) plus AAHM versus RP plus placebo or AAHM versus placebo. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) were performed to evaluate the methodological quality and quality of evidence separately. Results Sixteen studies involving 1,730 participants were included in this review. Compared with placebo plus RP, participants receiving long-term AAHM plus RP showed improvement in asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) with moderate-quality evidence (MD 6.53 points, 95% CI 2.70 to 10.36). Low-quality evidence indicated that AAHM plus RP was associated with improved FEV1 (%) compared with placebo plus RP, whether long- or short-term use (MD 11.80%, 95% CI 2.84 to 20.76; MD 10.57%, 95% CI 8.40 to 12.74; respectively). Moderate-quality evidence showed that participants receiving short-term AAHM were associated with a higher AQLQ score (MD 6.57 points, 95% CI 3.76 to 9.38) and a lower frequency of acute exacerbations (MD –1.84, 95% CI –2.32 to –1.36) compared with placebo. Low-quality evidence also indicated that AAHM was associated with improved FEV1 (L) compared with placebo, whether long- or short-term use (MD 0.35 litres, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.67; MD 0.66 litres, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.73; respectively). Conclusions Moderate-quality evidence is promising that AAHM can improve the quality of life and reduce acute exacerbations in patients with asthma. AAHM also shows a positive role in improving lung function, but the evidence is so indefinite due to low quality.


Dengue is one of the most important viral disease worldwide, whereas it is the most important one in Brazil. To avoid a Dengue epidemy, it is necessary to control the transmission vector Aedes aegypti. This paper uses a dynamic model of the mosquitoes population to analyze the social and economic cost of combined policies using chemical control (via application of insecticides) and biological control (via insertion of sterile males produced by irradiation). A mono-objective optimization problem is analysed and three different approaches are implemented: constant control, simultaneous step-size control and alternated step-size control. Each optimization problem is solved using a Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm. The results show that the alternated step-size control is preferable over the constant control since each control strategy is used during a smaller time interval while obtaining a smaller cost function value and similar effects in the environment. Furthermore, it is possible to find an optimal number of days in which each control strategy must be applied and the respective rate of insecticide and sterile males that should be used. In this way, the best policy to avoid a Dengue epidemy consists in applying insecticide only at the beginning of the time-window during a small time interval and, then, keeping an acceptable level of natural mosquitoes into environment using a small quantity of biological control.


Organizations can best gain an advantage over their competitors by practicing strategic leadership. But how is strategic leadership accomplished, and who in an organization should be responsible for it? Strategic leadership is a complex process of thinking, acting, and influencing, and it can be exercised not just by individuals but also by teams.


We present a simple module calculus modeling software composition in an open environment, where some components can be provided from the outside after execution has started. Operators for combining software components are as in previous module calculi; here, we focus on the new problems posed by the fact that components are not all available at compile time. In particular, we want to be able to statically check internal consistency of local code, by only specifying a required type for missing components, and then to perform dynamic checks which ensure that code received from the outside, which is assumed to travel with its type, can be successfully accepted, without requiring to type-check the whole code again. We consider two alternative solutions. The former uses simple dynamic checks based on standard subtyping, that is, a component can be safely combined with local code if it provides the expected features, and all additional features are hidden, thus avoiding conflict problems. The latter preserves the semantics we would get having all components statically available, but requires a more involved type system based on constraints, where dynamic checks prevent conflicts.


The response of food crops to integrated weed management involving the used of pre-emergence herbicides, hoe-weeding and live mulch of herbaceous cover plants in a maize/cassava intercrop was investigated at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ilorin between 2002 and 2004. The experiment consisted of eight main treatments and six sub treatments. The main treatments were made of the application of two of pre-emergence herbicides (Primextra and Galex each at 2.5kg a.i./ha alone, or with one or two supplementary hoe-weeding at 6 weeks after planting (WAP) or 6 and 12WAP), a hoe-weeded check (hoeing at 3, 6 and 12WAP) and a weedy control. The sub treatments consisted of five legume cover crops (Pueraria phaseoloides, Stylosanthes guianesis, Mucuna pruriens var. utilis, Mucuna preta and Mucuna jaspeada) and a no legume cover plot as control. Data were collected for the vegetative and reproductive parameters for both crops. Results showed that the various treatment combinations supported good vegetative growth in maize except at 9WAP where plots treated with Galex alone under the mucuna species produced significantly shorter plants as in weedy plots. However, cassava plant height was significantly higher in plots with 3 hoe-weeding under S. guianensis cover and Galex + 2HW without legume (NL) cover at 12 and 16WAP respectively, compared to other treatment combimnations. Maize grain yield was significantly higher in the treatment combination involving Primextra with two hoe-weeding under M. pruriens var. utilis cover for both years while average cassava fresh tuber yield was significantly higher in the combination involving Primextra with two hoe-weeding under Pueraria Phaseoloides. Maize grain yield and cassava fresh tuber yield in treatment combinations of the two pre-emergence herbicides alone under the various cover crops produced yields that were not significantly different from what was obtained in weedy plots.


Alternative medicine treatment, defined broadly as the use of unproven therapies is increasingly popular in the United States. An estimated 40% of the population resorted to alternative medicine regimens in 1999 for either preventive, palliative, or therapeutic purposes. Alternative medicine products are characterized as untested remedies, containing unverified ingredients whose side effect profile is not defined. Their sale to the public is not regulated.

The kidneys, as excretory organs for drugs and toxins are susceptible to injury from toxicity imparted by untested and unregulated products. This reality is particularly pertinent to patients with compromised kidney function from prevalent disorders such as diabetes or hypertension. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), as defined by The National Kidney Foundation is a major public health problem in the United States, affecting over 20 million people.

Because, in the early stages, no symptoms attributable to CKD may be evident, the majority of those with CKD are unaware of their renal disorders. This lack of awareness of renal injury predisposes persons with early CKD to the potential harmful consequences of alternative medicine products.

We describe a patient requiring hospitalization for severe symptomatic electrolyte abnormalities after ingesting alternative medicine products, detailing literature reports of kidney injury, acid-base, and electrolyte abnormalities associated with use of alternative medicine products.


Iterated cryptosystems are a family of cryptographically strong functions based on iterating a weaker functionn times. Each iteration is called a round and the cryptosystem is called an n-round cryptosystem . The strong functions are called block ciphersand the weak functions are called round functions . A block cipher is a function that maps n-bits plaintext bloc ks to n-bit ciphertext blocks. Block ciphers are either symmetric-key or public-key. Here we consider symmetric-key block ciphers. An early proposal for an iterated cryptosystem was Lucifer [ 6], which was designed at IBM to resolve the growing need for data security in its products . TheData Encryption Standard (DES) [8] is an improved version of Lucifer. It was also devel oped at IBM and it was adopted by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards NBS (today this dep artment is called National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST) as the standar d cryptosystem for sensitive but unclassified data (such as financial transactions and email m essages). The standard became effective in July 1977. It was reaffirmed in 1983, 1988, 1993 a nd 1999. DES has become the most widely used cryptosystem in the world . Thus, a lot of research has focussed on attacking DES. Some techniques were develop d that successfully attacked DES (such asdifferential cryptanalysis[2], linear cryptanalysis[7] andexhaustive search [5]). These techniques required a lot of computational power (mos tly hardware). At first these attacks were considered to be impractical due to the lack of suc h computational power. But with the increased technological progress, especially with the wid use of parallel machines, DES started to become less secure. Thus, in 1999, when DES was las t reaffirmed, it was expanded to triple DES (TDEA: Triple Data Encryption Algorithm) [1] a more secu re version of DES. It is anticipated that TDEA and the Advance Encryption Standard (AES)1 will coexist as FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standards) approved algo rithms allowing for a gradual transition to AES. The latter is intended to provide strong cryptog raphic security for the protection of sensitive information well into the 21st century. In this paper we will describe DES and briefly present TDEA. Fu rthermore, we will describe an attack ( differential cryptanalysis ) that can be applied not only to DES but to many DESlike iterated cryptosystems (such as Lucifer, FEAL [12] and GDES [11]). This is a chosen plaintext attack which uses only the resultant ciphertexts . The basic tool of the attack is the ciphertext pair : a pair of ciphertexts whose plaintexts have particular dif ferences (thus the name differential). The two plaintexts can be chosen at random, a s long as they satisfy the difference condition, and the cryptanalyst does not have to know their v alues. The attack is statistical in nature and can fail in rare instances. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: In Section 2 we d escribe DES encryption /decryption. We also give a brief description of TDEA. In Sec tion 3 we define differential cryptanalysis and we illustrate how to attack DES by giving a example. AES is a new symmetric-based encryption standard under deve lopm nt by NIST


BACKGROUND
Therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN+RBV) for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) still remains the only option available for children in many Eurasian and European countries. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of host and viral factors on response to IFN-based therapy to optimize it for those in whom directly acting antivirals (DAA) are currently unavailable.

METHODS
Seventeen vertically infected, treatment naive children (10 male and 7 female) aged 5-16 years with CHC underwent a course of PEG-IFN+RBV. The end point was sustained virologic response (SVR). Host and virus factors were divided into pre- and ontreatment predictors of response to therapy.

RESULTS
Eleven patients obtained SVR (64%), 4 were nonresponders (23%), and 2 were relapsers (12%). Significant relationship was found between HCV RNA elimination and following variables: virus genotype and early virologic response (EVR) (p< .037, p< .029 respectively). Higher eradication rate was observed in patients infected with genotype 3 HCV (100% vs. 65% with genotype 1 or 4), and in those with undetectable HCV RNA by week 12 (88% vs. 66% with viremia). EVR was associated with SVR (83% vs. 0% in nonresponders; p< .004). C allele of IL28B rs12979860 was a predictor of EVR (p < .043). The SVR rates among CC, CT, and TT carriers were as follows: 75%, 67%, and 33%.

CONCLUSIONS
Detection of favourable HCV and IL28B genotype prior to commencement of PEG-IFN+RBV, and continuing it in patients with EVR is of major importance for those in whom DAA are still unavailable.


The application of neural networks to color error reduction in television receivers was investigated. The best results were obtained with a backpropagation neural network using one hidden layer of seven processing elements. Approximately a 70% reduction in color errors was achieved. The color error reduction was displayed on a CIE chromaticity diagram and tested with a video graphics system. Color measurements were made with this system. Both the simulation chromaticity diagram and the video color test system verified the neural network results. >


In this paper, we prove that every f -biharmonic map from a complete Rieman- nian manifold into a Riemannian manifold with non-positive sectional curvature,satisfying some condition, is f -harmonic. Also we present some properties for the f -biharmonicity of submanifolds of S n , and we give the classification of f -biharmonic curves in 3-dimensional sphere.


Microwave communication systems are planned to utilize orthogonal polarization. Two independent information channels of the same frequency band sent over a single link to make an optimum use of the frequency spectrum. However, above 10 GHz, the amount of rain on the transmission line can severely degrade the performance of both satellite and terrestrial links, especially in tropical regions, at millimetre wave bands. This paper evaluates the differential attenuation and differential phase shift for the prediction of cross polarization discrimination using a 10-year rain data recorded in Conakry, Guinea. The drop size distribution (DSD) was computed using Marshall and Palmer (MP) model.


On 28 April 2010, the Federal Court dismissed Joseph Frantz Nicolas's application for judicial review of an immigration officer's rejection of his pre-removal risk assessment (PRRA) application.


Aiming at the chattering problem of sliding mode control in the trajectory tracking of lower limb exoskeleton rehabilitation robot (LLERR), this paper proposes a fast-terminal sliding mode control based on dynamic boundary layer (DFTSMC) for LLERR. First, based on the fast-terminal sliding mode surface and the double power reaching law, the compensation term of the control law is designed. Then, a dynamic boundary layer is designed to suppress the chattering of the system state. Finally, based on the virtual prototype of LLERR, a co-simulation is carried out with Matlab and Recurdyn multi-body dynamics software. The traditional PID control based on the computed torque method, the traditional fast-terminal sliding mode control (FTSMC) and the DFTSMC were compared. The control performance of fast terminal sliding mode control and the simulation results show that the DFTSMC improves the convergence speed of the system state, suppress the chattering of the sliding mode control and enhances the robust performance of LLERR.


Abdominal obesity, perception of poorer health and elevated blood pressure are known to be characterised by increased sympathetic activity. The aim of this study was to investigate baroreflex sensitivity (xBRS), leptin, and perception of health data as contributors to increased sympathetic activity in lean and obese subjects. African women (N = 85) were involved in a case-control survey and were divided according to low (< 80cm) and high (2 80cm) waist circumference measurements. Resting cardiovascular measurements were obtained with a Finometer device. Spontaneous xBRS was determined with pulse rate variability software. Resting, fasting leptin levels were determined with radioimmunoassay analyses, and perception of health was measured using the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Statistical analyses results were independent of CV risk factors (age, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity). Obese African women were older, reported higher physical activity, and exhibited higher diastolic (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), arterial compliance (Cw), leptin and hypertension prevalence rate values. In lean African women social dysfunction was positively associated with DBP, MAP and arterial resistance (TPR), and negatively with CW. In obese African women xBRS was negatively associated with DBP, which could be an indication of impaired xBRS. In this obese group a perception of social dysfunction was associated with decreased HR. Although leptin and HR were significantly higher in the obese Africans, no significant correlations existed between these variables to reflect leptin's enhancement of sympathetic activity. However, leptin correlated weakly but positively with CO @ = 0.054, r = 0.32). In conclusion, xBRS (although similar between groups) and leptin seem to contribute to blood pressure and thus hypertension in obese African women, possibly through increased sympathetic activity and volume loading. A perception of poorer health, especially a perception of social dysfunction, could possibly contribute to this image.


Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) has been considered as prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease. Memory impairment can be classified into encoding failure (EF) and retrieval failure (RF).


: In this study, according to the issue that the nitrogen supply response characteristics of winter wheat/summer maize across whole year in Hebei plain is needed to be further clarified, the effects of different nitrogen distribution modes on nitrogen uptake, related physiological parameters and yield traits of these crops were investigated. The results showed


This is the declaration to all the human race of the world the earthquake have expended discussion in all about, recent earthquake of Nepal have been seizing the sleep of eye of the peoples, some of the have thought, all are destiny, I most respectfully state that ultimately nothing have to destiny, which have provided by us, that is comeback in format destiny. "Do to others as you would be done by them it was called in prevent the earth have been polluted by modern civilization in every moment, so that's result will come back to us, there is the doubt. Most of the country has been testing about their atomic power in the subterranean zone so we should not to forget that, every reaction has behind an action. The middle of the earth have heated in great extent and also deposited by unwanted elements in every day, which produced by different industrial zone and mixed in to the water and this polluted elements entered the soil. Having for chemical reaction, there have deposited a huge gas and in according to low of steam, suddenly that steam erupted at any time, but I optimist, science has never ends.


Introduction: A primary malignant melanoma of the vagina (PMMV) is a rare and aggressive disease. At the time of diagnosis the tumors are mostly already large in size thus entailing a high risk for local recurrence and distant metastasis. Various treatment regimens such as local wide excision, radical surgical procedures, and nonsurgical treatment (primary radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy) have been described in literature. A standard treatment protocol has not yet been defined. Case Report: We present an 89-yearold woman with abnormal vaginal bleeding, resulting in a malignant melanoma of the vagina. The tumor size revealed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was 6.6 × 3.2 cm with close localization to the rectal wall. We recommended radical surgery to achieve free margins which she refused. Despite good local response after primary radiotherapy she died six months later because of distant metastasis. Conclusion: In PMMV primary radiotherapy is a valuable treatment option whenever surgery is not feasible or refused by the patient. As we described in our case local control is achievable but the life limiting risk of distant metastasis remains. Further investigation to define a standard treatment protocol is needed.


Boswellic acids(BAs) are active components in extracts of the resin of Boswellia serrata,BAs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis,chronic bronchitis,asthma as well as chronic inflammatory bowel diseases(ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) have showed significant pharmacological activity.The data suggests that of the various boswellic acids,3–acetyl–11–keto–β–boswellic acid(AKBA),is considered the most powerful.AKBA was discovered and identified as very potent 5-LOX inhibitor.Other pharmacological properties of AKBA have been studied and it was found that it also acts as potent inhibitor of the p38-MAP kinases.In order to get more AKBA,its derivatives BA,KBA,ABA through a sequence of chemical modification of acetylation and allylic oxidation were transformed into AKBA,thereby increasing the amount of AKBA from 0.1%-3.0% up to 25%-35%,depending on the Boswellia species and the quality of the corresponding resin.


Small microcalcifications essential to the early detection of breast cancer may be obscured by overlapping tissue structures. Dual-energy digital mammography (DEDM), where separate low- and high-energy images are acquired and synthesized to cancel the tissue structures, may improve the ability to detect and visualize microcalcifications. The investigation of DEDM began with a signal-to noise ratio analysis to estimate and relate the noise level in the dual-energy calcification signals to the x-ray spectra, microcalcification size, tissue composition and breast thickness. We investigated various inverse-mapping functions, both linear and non-linear, to estimate the calcification thickness from low- and high-energy measurements. Transmission (calibration) measurements made at two different kVp values for variable aluminum thickness (to simulate calcifications) and variable glandular-tissue ratio for a fixed total tissue thickness were used to determine the coefficients of the inverse-mapping functions by a least-squares analysis. We implemented and evaluated the DEDM technique under narrow-beam geometry. Phantoms, used in the evaluation, were constructed by placing different aluminum strips over breast-tissue-equivalent materials of different compositions. The resulting phantom images consisted of four distinct regions, each with a different combination of aluminum thickness and tissue composition. DEDM with non-linear inverse-mapping functions could successfully cancel the contrast of the tissue-structure background to better visualize the overlapping aluminum strip. We are currently in the process of translating our DEDM techniques into full-field imaging. We have designed special phantoms with variable glandular ratios and variable calcification thicknesses for evaluation of the full-field dual-energy calcification images.


Abstract:Palm-leaf manuscripts are important objects in Southeast Asia. Their value often goes beyond the meanings of the written texts. They also have historical, religious, literary, symbolic and ritual importance. This paper investigates textual materiality as it applies to a story about palm-leaf manuscripts owned by the ethnic Heuny (Nha Heun) group in Paksong District, Champasak Province, southern Laos. This story links material texts to oral history, rituals and efforts by the Nha Heun to legitimize their culture. It demonstrates how palm-leaf manuscripts can serve to legitimize claims handed down through oral traditions and ritual practice.


A novel modified electrode was fabricated by electrochemical derivatization of CdHCF at a GNP adsorbed graphite wax composite electrode. The electrode developed was used for the determination of dopamine. The voltammetric characteristics of the CdHCF modified electrode in the presence of different alkali metal cations were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The modified electrode was also characterized by electrochemical impedance method (EIS). The electrode surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which indicated that the CdHCF particles were 50–70 nm in size and were dispersed uniformly on electrode surface. The CdHCF modified electrodes presents good electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of dopamine and this electrode can be used for determination of dopamine. A linear calibration curve is obtained in the range from 2.6×10−6 to 7.2×10−3M of dopamine with a detection limit of 1×10−7M. Chronoamperometry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used for the determination of dopamine from industrial waste water samples. The proposed modified electrode is simple to prepare and it shows fast response, good stability and reproducible results.


Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIGS) is a compound semiconductor material from the group of IIII-VI. The material is a solid solution of copper, indium and selenium (CIS) and copper, gallium and selenium with an empirical formula of CuIn(1 – x)GaxSe2, where 0 x 1. CIGS has an exceptionally high absorption coefficient of more than 105 cm – 1 for 1.5 eV. Solar cells prepared from absorber layers of CIGS materials have shown an efficiency higher than 20 %. CuIn(1 – x)GaxSe2 (x 0.3) nanocrystalline compound was mechanochemically synthesized by high-energy milling in a planetary ball mill. The phase identification and crystallite size of milled powders at different time intervals were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD analysis indicates chalcopyrite structure and the crystallite size of about 10 nm of highenergy milled CIGS powder after two and half hours of milling. An attempt for preparing the thin film from CIGS nanocrystalline powder was carried out using the flash evaporation technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals uniform distribution of CIGS particles in thin film.


For a smooth implementation of new business processes based on ERP software, it is crucial to ensure that the knowledge and the experience of all participants are utilized. Therefore, collaborative work should be supported throughout the whole project, from the specification of requirements to the Go-Live of the new business software. Due to the complexity of such systems, model-driven approaches for definition, implementation and operation are essential. To achieve this collaboration a business process management (BPM)environment should be integrated or enhanced with Web 2.0 functions. In case of the projects introduced in this case study, a BPM-oriented implementation of a configurable business software was implemented with the aid of social media. In the course of doing so, the business process models were drawn up and used through a BPM-tool with a wiki-integration. The particular challenge in the Hutchison 3G (H3G) project is the business processes' adjustment for subsidiaries based in different countries throughout Europe, while implementing the required processes on one single global ERP instance. This case study describes the used approach within these H3G projects and the acquired experiences.


Objective To assess body metabolism of mitral valve replacement (MVR) under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with metabonomics.Methods Twenty cases of mitral lesion with rheumatic heart disease were subjected to MVR and venous blood was taken before,during and after operation.Plasma was analyzed and processed with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics technique.Results Among metabolites,plasma metabolism spectrum of tyrosine,phenylalanine,valine,lactate,acetate 2-ketoglutarate,creatine,ketobody and lipid had significant changes.Conclusion CPB can cause severe metabolic disorder of amino acids,glucose and fatty acids.

Key words:
Cardiopulmonary bypass;  Mitral valve replacement;  Metabonomics;  Energy metabolism


The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) quickly spread from Wuhan, Hubei Province to the all other provinces in China, and globally since December 2019. Huangpu District of Shanghai is one of the communities where COVID-19 occurred earlier. By summarizing and reviewing experience and lessons learnt in Huangpu District, Shanghai, the article characterized the innovative public health interventions to prevent and control COVID-19 that may be of relevance to urban communities in other provinces and cities of similar size.

Key words:
novel coronavirus pneumonia; working mode; practice; thought


Etofenprox 1 (experimental code number : MTI-500) is a new synthetic insecticide discovered and developed by Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.In 1978, we began searching a compound with low toxicity to fish as to be used in paddy fields, and after two years, we found a second lead compound 16. We tried to optimize the skeleton of compound 16, and as a result, 2- (4-ethoxyphenyl) -2-methylpropyl 3-phenoxybenzyl ether was selected as a candidate for development. It is now registered for agricultural use in Japan and some countries in Southeast Asia. Etofenprox 1 is low in acute mammalian toxicity and fish toxicity, and has several favorable properties compared with conventional insecticides.


Through deep investigation of natural and historical environment,historical layout,large relics in ancient city Xi'an,it introduces the cultural relics protecting design of line net from many aspects,compares the plans in designing process,so as to do well in relics protecting and creating conditions,and achieve the aims of ensuring the safety of relics and not affecting the general situation of subway construction.


It is explicitly shown that a one-family parameter model reproducing the nonlinear Newton–Schrödinger equation as the parameter goes to infinity is free from any causality violation problem for any finite value of it. This circumstance arises from the intrinsic mechanism of spontaneous state reduction of the model, absent in the Newton–Schrödinger limit. A specific ideal EPR experiment involving a superposition of two distinct CM's position states of a massive lump is analyzed, showing recovered compatibility with quantum mechanics. Besides, the new framework suggests a soft version of the many worlds interpretation, in which the typical indiscriminate proliferation of Everett branches, together with the bizarre inter-branches communications made possible by nonlinearity, are strongly suppressed in the macroscopic world by the same mechanism of state reduction.


NiFe2O4 nanopowders were prepared by low temperature solid-state reaction. The effect of calcination temperature on the microstructure of NiFe2O4 nanopowder was investigated in details. The as-obtained powders were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. The results show that the reflection peaks enhance and become sharper as the calcination temperature increases, indicating the improvement of crystallinity and grain size. The grain growth activation energy of NiFe2O4 during calcination was 14.76 kJ∙mol−1, implying that the principal transmission mechanism was interfacial diffusion. As the calcination temperature increases, the incubation period shortens; the growth rate increases, the characteristic of particle polygonization becomes obvious and the grains grow up evidently.


A 10-year-old girl presented with subacute lower limb weakness and gait ataxia. MRI revealed a large multicystic spinal cord lesion with patchy enhancement (figure 1, A and B) and 3 small (<6 mm) periventricular and deep white matter brain lesions. The presence of serum anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) immunoglobulin G (ELISA assay) and compatible neuropathologic features from neurosurgical specimens1 (figure 2) suggested the diagnosis of a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.2 Targeted immunotherapy was started, with partial lesion resolution (figure 1C).


I read with great interest the article entitled "Alternative treatment for varus instability of the hallux interphalangeal joint: A case report" published recently (1). The authors reported a good surgical outcome which was achieved by reconstruction of the collateral ligament using the 4th extensor tendon for varus instability of the hallux interphalangeal joint. They described that a literature review of reconstruction of the this type injury reported techniques using allograft, palmaris longus tendon or suture tape. Therefore, they emphasized the advantage of using the 4th extensor tendon, which have less donor site morbidity and better cost effectiveness than reconstruction using an allograft.


Currently, there are trends in the world associated with an increase in the age of marriage at first marriage and an increase in the number of divorces. These trends are also observed in Russia. The norms and values of the family institution are being transformed, making it more and more unstable, which arouses interest from demographers, psychologists, economists, and sociologists. Within the framework of this work, the author's analyze approaches to the definition of "young family", consider measures of state and regional support for the family, as well as risk factors for family breakdown relative to its life cycles. In addition, the author's attention is paid to the results of all-Russian studies illustrating the opinion of Russians regarding marriage and family relations. The materials studied confirm that a young family must consolidate its special status in state policy, since it most of all needs material, social and value support. The state and society are obliged to share responsibility for the development and well-being of young families.


Objective: Drinking fountains are a public amenity that may help counter the obesogenic environment (sugary beverages) and reduce the risk of heat stroke during heat waves. As a case study, we aimed to survey all public fountains in a city: Wellington, New Zealand, and to determine the utility of Google Street View in studying drinking fountains.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the process and costs associated with biopharmaceutical firms undertaking an initial public offering. It discusses the direct and opportunity costs associated with this process. It shows the historical mispricing of firms and costs associated with biopharmaceutical firms going public over the past several years. Private biopharmaceutical firms need to be aware of the process and costs of going public in order to determine if these costs are acceptable, compare these costs (and benefits) with those of other sources of funding, and better manage the IPO process.


PURPOSE: To improve the aqueous solubility of a metallic salt or a metallic complex of thiohydroxamic acid or a dithiocarbamate useful as an industrial microbiocide, etc., by combining the metallic salt or metallic complex with an oxyphosphorus compound. CONSTITUTION: This composition is prepared by formulating a metallic salt or a metallic complex of an organic compound represented by formula I [Z is H or a hydrocarbyl; Q is H, OH or a hydrocarbyl or Q and Z, together with N, form a heterocyclic ring; W is SH or a hydrocarbyl or W and Z, together with the adjacent N and C, form a heterocyclic ring], especially an organic compound represented by formula II (R and R are each a hydrocarbyl or R and R , together with N and C, form a heterocyclic ring), formula III (A is N, C or CH=CH; B and D are each 0, S, N or C) or formula IV (R and R are each H or a hydrocarbyl or R and R , together with N, form a heterocyclic ring) (a 1:2 zinc complex of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione and tetrasodium pyrophosphate, etc., are especially preferred) with an oxyphosphorus compound (an orthophosphate, etc., are especially preferred) at about (1:1) to (1:10,000) weight ratio.


This article illustrates the importance to understand how the dominant groups in society protest. Having examined the reasons why the social movement theorists have been so few interested by conservative mobilizations, the authors suggest several ways to analyse dominant group's collective action, especially by using tools of social movement's theory but also by using conceptual frameworks of domination's theory, public policies analysis or elite's sociology.


This paper studies the traffic allocation in multi-path routing in consideration of the strict requirement for delay variation in the real-time applications. Firstly, the queuing delay is analyzed based on network calculus and the upper bounds of end-to-end delay and its variation in all paths are deduced. Then the transfer rate of data flowing into each path should be used as constraint for satisfying end-to-end delay requirement, and the Maximum Allowed Rate (MAR) for each path is calculated. Based on MAR, a traffic allocation algorithm named as TADVO is proposed for delay variation optimization, in which the traffic is allocated proportional to MAR of each path. Finally, TADVO is integrated into AOMDV. The simulation shows that the new protocol outperforms the other two in terms of delay and delay variation.


The new Rhetoric and Writing major at Mount St. Mary's College (an independent Catholic, liberal arts institution in northern Maryland) developed in response to local conditions and local problems. In 1988, owing to a mutual recognition of the different missions of the writing and literature programs, the writing faculty were officially separated from the English department to staff and teach in the newly created Writing and Communications Program. Because of an influx of students, by the spring of 1991, faculty members of the program began discussing the possibility of proposing a major in writing. In February 1992, the administration created the Department of Rhetoric and Writing to housethe new major that sought to link journalism and creative, professional, and academic writing to rhetorical and communication theory. The major consists of 34 semester hours combining courses in the practice of writing, with courses in journalism, speech, and rhetorical theory and history. Students may take a range of electives which suit their interests. Rhetoric majors raise a number of institutional and disciplinary issues, including finding a focus, finding a name, working with an English department, working with other departments in the academy, and working with the administration. If they do nothing else, independent rhetoric departments represent graphically what composition looks like without literary studies. Undergraduate rhetoric majors may not be possible at every institution, but the questions raised help shed light on the disciplinary community.


An equation to predict the Reid vapor pressure (RVP) of pure hydrocarbon blends was developed which includes activity coefficients. A comparison of calculated and analytical data shows a standard deviation of 0.15 1b. Applications to predict the RVP of gasoline blends are suggested.


Since the oxidation catalyst device mounted on an exhaust passage of the engine, even at a lower exhaust gas temperature, the fuel delivered to the oxidation catalyst device can be effectively combusts, thereby trapping the exhaust gas downstream side thereof in the gas stream particles can completely burned. A diesel engine (10) exhaust passage (11), the air flow from the upstream side, an oxidation catalyst device mounted (12) and a particulate collecting filter (13), by the oxidation catalyst device (12) for carrying a platinum and the weight ratio of palladium is 0.05≤Pd / (Pt + Pd) ≤0.75, if necessary to increase the temperature of the particulate filter trap (13), the fuel is transferred to the inside (12) the oxidation catalyst device.


The present invention provides a information storage medium, a reproduction device thereof, a reproduction method, a recording device, and a recording method for providing a diskless application which is not subordinated in a disk and for including diskless application data including diskless application description information used for accessing program data and program data corresponding to the diskless application which is not recorded in the disk. The diskless application data includes life cycle information indicating that the life cycle of the diskless application is not subordinated in the loading of the disk. [Reference numerals] (220) Application driving unit; (620) Booting; (630) Disk insertion; (640) Title change; (650) Disk removal


(57) Abstract: malicious methods and agents for preventing the use of the computer resources by applications running on the workstation. Service list accessed by specified otherwise application is not permitted is provided, such without specified when the application is running on the workstation, direct access from the application to any resource is prohibited. Is examined directly or indirectly required for a particular service, such a request is determined whether it is possible permitted under the list. If possible authorization, workstation handles the request. If not, permission, access to the defunct application specified, requested resource is denied. Resources, memory allocation, including files, directories, copying of files and directories and deletion or compression operation, or a workstation or other any operations that lead to permanent changes of the peripherals is a local or remote resources. Using a look-up table containing access by designated otherwise the application is not allowed service list, unless otherwise specified application request to determine whether it is possible permission to directly or indirectly. The agent contains a list of each application available resources, it consists of a list of application set in advance.


Object:To explore the health-related behavior in family and provide the information for the health improvement and intervention program. Method:to apply the data of the second nationwide health service survey, the health-related behavior: smoking, drinking, exercise in family are analyzed. Result:smoking, drinking and exercise behavior are all obviously trend to be taken by family members. Conclusion:The family environment has a great influence on the formation and development of the family members related the behavior such as smoking,drinking,exercise.


Pequi tablet was elaborated from pequi flour (FP), starch (A) and soy protein isolate (IPS), by a rotational compost central planning. Were made appropriated...


The selectivity exhibited by [Co(hmtren)(dmf)]2+[hmtren = N(CH2CH2NMe2)3, dmf = HCONMe2] for substitution of dmf by NCS–, N3–, and Br–, and the observed Iigand-substitution rate laws are consistent with the operation of an Ia mechanism. This contrasts with an earlier observation that [Cu(hmtren)(dmf)]2+ undergoes ligand substitution through an Id mechanism. These new data support the argument, adduced previously from dmf exchange studies, that the tendency for ligand substitution in the [M(hmtren)(dmf)]2+ species (M = first-row transition metal) to occur through an associative (a) activation mode increases as the electronic occupancy of the d orbitals decreases.


The present invention discloses an integrated process of waste batteries zinc and manganese dioxide separation, purification process. The used batteries pulverized, sieved to select a block of zinc, tin, and then floated toner; powdery mixture of the remaining electrolytic detachment, separating the zinc powder and manganese dioxide powder; initial separation of the remaining solution already at room temperature performed simultaneously with the electrolytic cell, the cathode and anode, respectively, deposited zinc and manganese dioxide. Process steps of the present invention is simple, effective and non-polluting process of separation and purification and used batteries of the zinc and manganese dioxide.


The vertical search engine searches in the text of specific domain. In this project, we built a pharmaceutical vertical search engine using a supervised learning classifier, Rocchio, to classify documents into two different classes; one pharmaceutical and another computer science. For learning of the classifier, small document collection is created. It is evaluated using abstracts from 86 research papers and accuracy yields 90% results. An inverted index is built containing terms from selected pharmaceutical documents. An interface is also developed to interact with the user. User can issue simple keyword like queries and documents are retrieved using TF-IDF statistics and BM25 weighting scheme. Retrieved results are ranked in descending order from the highest relevance score to lowest relevance score. New information can be classified and added to the index using search interface. The system is designed and developed using the Spiral Model and implemented in dot.net tools. The survey and interviewing techniques are also used to identify the needs and prioritizing tasks.


© Our Dermatol Online e.2019 e7.1 How to cite this article: Brzezinski P, Martini L. Sexual abstinence and restraint in Man allow a harmonic wound healing, owing to blood cortisol increment. Our Dermatol Online. 2019;10(e): e7.1-e7.5. Submission: 25.12.2018; Acceptance: 01.03.2019 DOI:10.7241/ourd.2019e.7 Sexual abstinence and restraint in Man allow a harmonic wound healing, owing to blood cortisol increment


This study examines the feasibility of using oxygen isotope analysis of tooth carbonate to identify immigrants from the New Kingdom site of Tombos in Nubia (n = 30). In comparison with published data, the results (δ 18 O ca,VSMW = 31.4‰) imply a substantial presence of immigrants. However further analysis of these data strongly suggests the need to consider hydro-logical and cultural factors such as the contribution of aquifer waters to the Nile, use of groundwater sources, and differences in handling and storage of water. The carbon isotope analysis, in conjunction with published 87 Sr/ 86 Sr data, provides additional support for the presence of immigrants at Tombos.


Recent Transformer-based 3D object detectors learn point cloud features either from point- or voxel-based representations. However, the former requires time-consuming sampling while the latter introduces quantization errors. In this paper, we present a novel Point-Voxel Transformer for single-stage 3D detection (PVT-SSD) that takes advantage of these two representations. Specifically, we first use voxel-based sparse convolutions for efficient feature encoding. Then, we propose a Point-Voxel Transformer (PVT) module that obtains long-range contexts in a cheap manner from voxels while attaining accurate positions from points. The key to associating the two different representations is our introduced input-dependent Query Initialization module, which could efficiently generate reference points and content queries. Then, PVT adaptively fuses long-range contextual and local geometric information around reference points into content queries. Further, to quickly find the neighboring points of reference points, we design the Virtual Range Image module, which generalizes the native range image to multi-sensor and multi-frame. The experiments on several autonomous driving benchmarks verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. Code will be available.


The study purpose was to estimate the present level of fertility in terms of other and more refined indices of fertility than crude birthrate (CBR) and to establish the emerging age pattern of fertility in China. The data used were essentially from 2 rural countries Huai and Tusan. About 90% of the population in these countries is engaged in agriculture. Data were obtained from the local birth planning offices which in turn collected their data from different sources. Before estimating the levels of fertility in these 2 countries an attempt was made to establish the level of mortality. 4 methods were used to establish the level of mortality which was estimated at about 6 or 7/1000. The expectation of life at birth worked out to levels between 65-67 years. All these values were close to what was reported and estimated for China as a whole. Data on annual marriages were also available. These values were in the range of 23-24 for females and 24-25 years for males which again were close to the values of China as a whole. In the absence of past levels of fertility for the study areas the levels and patterns of Taiwan province in 1975 and 1956 were chosen as comparative standards. Since the primary objective was not to study the difference in patterns between Taiwan and study areas it is logical to compare with the pattern of natural fertility. Coale has shown that observed marital fertility in a population can be closely approximated to natural fertility modified by an exponential factor specifically where M is the level at which natural fertility is experienced at ages 20-24 v(a) is a typical age pattern under the effect of voluntary control of fertility and m is the degree of voluntary control. The value of M was based on the age specific marital fertility rate (ASMFR) of the 20-24 age group and in this age group there was an increase in ASMFR in Taiwan from 1956-75. The study areas experienced natural fertility at a much lower level than Taiwan. While the fertility of 1975 Taiwan was only 18% lower than the average of other populations identified as experiencing natural fertility it was 49% lower in 1974 Huai 56% lower in 1976 Huai and 53% lower in 1979 Tusan. The steepness of the age pattern of fertility curve indicated by the value of m was very low for 1956 Taiwan. The 1975 Taiwan exhibited the largest value 2.28 compared to the study areas which ranged from 1.46 to 1.87. The age specific marital fertility rates in the study area were all substantilally lower than those of 1956 Taiwan. About 70% of married women were currently using contraception. In the study areas later childbearing on account of later marriage family size limitation and birth spacing all seemed to be happening as a result of the birth planning program.


In a real-world setting, questions are not asked in isolation, but rather in a cohesive manner that involves a sequence of related questions to meet user's information needs. The capability to interpret and answer questions based on context is important. In this paper, we discuss the role of discourse modeling in context question answering. In particular, we motivate a semantic-rich discourse representation and discuss the impact of refined discourse structure on question answering.


Despite the huge push towards hiring and retaining diverse attorneys (women, people of color, LGBTQ, disabled), not to mention the extensive resources to support inclusivity, there continues to be a reported decline of diversity at most every level of large U.S. law firms, from associate to partner. There is relevant scholarship discussing promotion of diversity in the legal profession, namely, proposals such as pipeline programs, formal mentoring programs, diversity committees and even affirmative action assignment procedures. This Article argues that a significant barrier to hiring and retention of diverse attorneys in large U.S. law firms is, paradoxically, the decades of copious, almost itemized, surveys and reports that seek to understand why these underrepresented groups are fleeing from large law firm life, and arguably modest sized organizations in the legal profession. These calculated methods fail to effectively capture the lived experiences of these diverse groups in the large law firm setting. And, particularly in this era where minority voices are increasingly silenced in fear or rising in indignation, viewing the issue from the marginalized perspective of diverse individuals can offer valuable insight into the aim to expand diversification of the legal profession. Using an interdisciplinary approach based on the fields of anthropology, sociology and feminist communication, this Article applies a co-cultural theory, which relies on the lived experiences of the non-dominant culture, to examine how these underrepresented groups, communicate and negotiate their identity in a dominant legal society. If large law firms, predominantly controlled by heterosexual white males, desire to retain and advance diverse attorneys into top tier positions, the firms must move beyond mandated diversity trainings, and the like, and genuinely and intentionally, make an effort to enter into the world of marginalized groups to better understand their life and culture. "I hear [the Soul of White Folk, — this modern Prometheus] mighty cry reverberating through the world, 'I am white!' Well and good, O Prometheus, divine thief! Is not the world wide enough for two colors, for many little shinings of the sun? Why, then, devour your own vitals if I answer even as proudly, 'I am black!'" (W.E.B. Dubois).


This article provides an explanation of the reasons for the low intensity of innovative behavior in the vast majority of Russian industrial companies found in a survey of corporate executives administered in 2011. I found two major causes for the situation when companies possess sufficient innovative capabilities but lack the motivation to use such capabilities for real innovative actions: the positive perception of the CEOs about the already achieved competitive positions of their companies and the unwillingness of shareholders who act as dominant stakeholders of most Russian industrial companies to bear additional risks associated with innovations. I labeled this "Ilya Muromets syndrome": Like the youth of the Russian hero Ilya Murmonets, Russian industrial firms seem to be trapped in their bed of complacency, and only exceptional circumstances can stir them to heroic innovative actions.


The invention discloses a white gourd compound drink. The compound drink is prepared by the mixing of the following raw materials: white gourd concentration juice, lily powder, chrysanthemum tea powder, mint leaves, sugar candy and water. The compound drink takes the white gourd, lily powder, chrysanthemum tea powder and mint leaves as raw materials, has the advantages of unique tasting, and is favorable for health.


Sticky rectangle traps of various yellow colours and fluorescence made of cardboard were field tested against western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, in paired trap preference experiments in Washington state. In a first experiment that involved comparisons of Alpha Scents (proprietary paint), Fluorescent Yellow (aerosol paint), Saffron Thread and Neon Light (semi‐gloss enamel paints) traps at two sites, the best performing trap was the Saffron Thread trap. In a second experiment comparing Citrus Splash (semi‐gloss enamel paint) with Alpha Scents and with Macaw and Lemon Zest (both semi‐gloss enamel paints) traps at a third site, the Citrus Splash trap outperformed the Alpha Scents trap. The Citrus Splash trap did not differ statistically from Saffron Thread and Lemon Zest traps, even though it caught 51% more flies than the Lemon Zest trap. The Alpha Scents trap caught significantly more non‐target Diptera than Fluorescent Yellow, Neon Light and Citrus Splash traps at two of three trap sites where non‐target Diptera populations were relatively high and overall it appeared less selective than the Citrus Splash trap. Results suggest that sticky rectangle traps painted semi‐gloss enamel Saffron Thread or Citrus Splash with low fluorescence could be highly useful for detecting R. indifferens.


The implementation of the blockchain technology in accounting highlights the automation of traditional accounting functions and the transparency, significantly mitigates the risk of internal fraud and increases the importance of the financial information provided and the trust in that information. Professional accountants need to prepare to accept digitalisation as a challenge to become more experienced and to consolidate their status as a reliable third party. In this article we present the blockchain technology and its probable impact on the accounting profession. The aim of this study is to analyse the research on information technologies in accounting and the way these technologies could modify the industries and professions in time.


Unlike the mainstream academic curriculum, research orientation is not part of the hospitalbased medicine syllabus. At present, there is a dearth of training in research for young scholars starting their careers as junior residents for obtaining a postgraduate degree in any discipline of medicine. These individuals often experience helplessness as untrained researchers. It is evident that the current academic system, especially in developing countries, is not going to evolve in the near future or offer appropriate training in research methodology and publication. Therefore, the last resort is to go through a self-learning module on how to conduct research and publish articles. This article is designed as a self-help module for those interested in research and publication, particularly in the field of oncology.


A 64-year-old female patient developed swelling of the lips and tongue approximately 2 hours after ingesting an increased dose of valsartan (320 mg daily). Her previous dose, 160 mg daily, was taken for approximately 2 years without adverse event. Concurrent medications included clonidine (0.1 mg 3 times daily), terazosin (2 mg daily), atenolol (100 mg daily), amlodopine (10 mg daily), metformin, and conjugated estrogens. Although the patient had known allergies to penicillin, erythromycin, furosemide, and sulfonamides, no previous documented adverse reactions were noted with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. The patient was observed in the emergency room, during which a baseline evaluation revealed elevated blood pressure (225/102 mmHg), a heart rate of 67 beats per minute, and respiratory rate of 20 breaths/minute. No bronchospasm, stridor, or rash were noted. After an uneventful observation period, the patient was discharged after 3 to 4 hours. A reduction in valsartan dose to 160 mg was tolerated without further event. A rechallenge with a higher dose was not attempted. The authors concluded that this patient most likely experienced angioedema related to valsartan in a dose-related reaction. According to the Naranjo probability scale, this reaction was rated as probable. The authors noted that although there have been a limited number of reports of valsartan-induced angioedema, this is the first report of such a case thought to be dose related. An exact mechanism of action is not established. Valsartan ["Diovan"] Irons BK & Kumar A (School of Pharmacy, 3601 4th Street, Suite 1C162, Lubbock, TX 79430-8162; e-mail: email@example.com) Valsartan induced angioedema. Ann Pharmacotherapy 37:1024–1027 (Jul/Aug) 2003 ACE Inhibitors (201) Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (201) Bosentan (203) Celecoxib* (200, 210) Ciprofloxacin (204) Contraceptives, Oral (213) Donepezil (202) Drug Allergies (205) Etanercept* (207) Infliximab (212) Influenza Vaccine* (208) Octreotide* (206) Penicillin (211) Smoking (213) Spironolactone (201) Valsartan* (198) Venlafaxine (199) Warfarin (203)


Banaras, a city located in the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, offers its residents many types of schools for pre-university education. This article argues that only some schools, those bifurcated by a distinction between ones that utilize Hindi and ones that utilize English, cater to those people who belong to what a large number of media venues and scholars call India's "new middle class." By using the growingly salient notion of language ideology, this article explores the ways in which particular constructions of the Indian nation and state emerge from discursive reflection on schools in Banaras. When reflecting on the language in which classroom practice occurs in a school, people in Banaras foreground the nation as an organizing idiom, whereas when reflecting on school practices such as the collection of school fees and the affiliation of a school with an administrative board, people in Banaras foreground the state. By tracing the very different parameters of moral judgment that emerge within the two domains, this article calls for the study of constructions of the nation and state that illustrate the possibilities of their conceptualization in tandem.


Exposures of diapausing pupae of the bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), and the tobacco budworm, H. virescens (F.), from laboratory cultures to 16, 17, 18, 19,21, and 26.7°C after an ca. 8-month period of low-temperature storage (13°C) indicated that thermal requirements for diapause termination were lower in females and males, respectively, of H. virescens than in H. zea and lower in females than in males of each species. This explained the earlier spring emergence of H. virescens than of H. zea and females than males of both species that had been observed in the field.


This paper mainly describes the overall arrangements of tunnel digging-through and the determination of tunnel digging-through location through introducing the geological conditions of Changjiling Tunnel and the difficulty of tunnel digging-through construction. This paper especially describes the construction organization when digging-through WF113 rock fault,which has made the construction of Changjiling Tunnel digging-through with safety,high efficiency and smooth running.


Light scattering method has been used to measure mean diameter of particles by D.A.Dobbins for years,but it′s seldom used to an outdoor atomization field.In this paper,an experimental simulation to measure Sauter mean diameter (SMD) has been conducted for studying the influence of variety of intensity and distribution of the scattering light,which are caused by particle concentration.The experimental result shows that the different intensity and distribution of scattering light,which are induced by different concentration of sands under the same sample,have no effect on the results of measurement.In addition,an effective way has been used to improve the accuracy of the calibration of the sand sample by using CCD camera and microscope.


Synthesis of basic structures of contrast media is reviewed. Biological tolerance of ionic and nonionic derivatives of triiodobenzene are related to the degree of withdrawal of electrons from their aromatic systems.


The article considers the right of operative administration as the statutory right to own, use and dispose of another's property in their own interests by representing different scientific points of view and opinions of scientists about the nature of the right of operative administration and by highlighting modern scientific research works that give further development to the right of operative administration.


Abstract – This study examines supply chain power in the context of real earnings management . Accrual-based models are often used to examine the motives of managers in conducting discretionary accruals. Discretionary accruals by managers has a very broad impact and may mislead users of financial statements. This study analyses and examines the effect of company profitability on discretionary accruals, especially in emerging markets in Indonesia. This empirical study samples manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2006 to 2016 and uses dynamic models with Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) estimation. This paper finds that the motives for signalling managers still influences the existence of discretionary accruals, and ROA, PBV, and EPS have a positive and significant effect on discretionary accruals. These findings prove that managers engage in discretionary accrual when reporting the profitability of the company. Leverage negatively affects discretionary accrual and the control mechanism of the current debt even though the effect is marginal. This study only examines the profitability motives of managers in conveying information to outsiders, and acknowledges that discretionary accruals may be influenced by variables beyond this study.


A method of processing mailpieces (P) in a sorting machine using a code printed on each card and readable shipping machine, the method comprising that: during the first pass through machine mailpiece (P), is formed a digital image mailpiece (9, 19) is derived (12, 22, 30) of this digital image a fingerprint (Vid) characterizing the mail item and registers (13, 23, 30) in memory said tread digital in correspondence with the code printed onto the mailpiece and in that during the second pass or on a subsequent pass in the machine mailpiece is read (14, 24, 31) the printed code (CI) on the mailpiece characterized in that if the information contained in the printed code read onto the mailpiece has not been completely extracted, this mapping is exploited in memory code printed onto the mailpiece and fingerprint that characterizes the mail item for further sorting machine postage.


The potential of tabletops to enable simultaneous interaction and face-to-face collaboration can provide novel learning opportunities. Despite significant research in the area of collaborative learning around tabletops, little attention has been paid to the integration of multi-touch surfaces into classroom layouts and how to employ this technology to facilitate teacher-learner dialogue and teacher-led activities across multi-touch surfaces. While most existing techniques focus on the collaboration between learners, this work aims to gain a better understanding of practical challenges that need to be considered when integrating multi-touch surfaces into classrooms. It presents a multi-touch interaction technique, called TablePortal, which enables teachers to manage and monitor collaborative learning on students' tables. Early observations of using the proposed technique within a novel classroom consisting of networked multi-touch surfaces are discussed. The aim was to explore the extent to which our design choices facilitate teacher-learner dialogue and assist the management of classroom activity.