While participatory culture has been of special interest to scholars for nearly three decades, much of the focus has centered on digitally networked contexts. The digital age has indeed transformed our approaches to listening to music and how we operate as fans of music; these approaches can weave together the new and the old, and are enacted among a variety of spaces, objects, and relationships. We explore how the re-emergence of one such object in the digital age — the LP — has produced social arrangements that perhaps excavate older listening practices but do so in ways that have been affected by the mediascape more generally. We offer the concept of phonography culture: a term that emphasizes the social practices of those who not only curate and collect vinyl records but communicate through them in participatory activities including listening parties, vinyl nights at local bars, Facebook groups, and sites of e-commerce. We share the case study of Record Nite, a semi-regular gathering of phonography culture participants, who take turns playing one side of an LP on a given theme, revealing in their fandom and reveling in and encouraging that of others. Over the course of an evening, ten to twenty friends connect over their own "noise" — their experiences, histories, and knowledge of artists, albums, and genres—while simultaneously listening to LPs together. These phonographic, cultural interactions are revelatory because they draw our attention away from individualized and digital listening, which isolate signal, and make space for social and aural noise. That noise is infused with fandom and participation, as well as elements of memory, meaning making, and nostalgia.

NB: The article contains sound examples. In order to listen to embedded audio files, you must first download the pdf file and then open it with Adobe Acrobat.


Piezoreflectivity spectra of KI were measured and energy shifts due to the cubic, tetragonal and trigonal deformations were obtained on the lowest energy exciton and the step which has been identified with the onset of a band to band transition. Energy shifts of the exciton were found similar to those of the step in the case of the uniaxial deformations. The similarity was reduced to the similarity of the electronic state, because of the large spin-orbit splitting of the 5 p state of an I - ion. Difference in shift energy of the exciton and the step in the case of the cubic deformation was accounted for by changes of the effective mass and the high frequency dielectric constant. In addition, energy shifts determined directly from the piezoreflectivity were shown to be the same as those determined from the deformation induced changes of dielectric constants.


The objective of this thesis was to examine the determinants of parcel prices in Ostrobothnia, Finland. A hedonic pricing model was used to analyse 147 transactions over the years 2013, 2014 and 2015. The model consisted of 14 explanatory variables, categorized into structural and natural attributes. The results indicate that the structural variables, e.g. the size of the cropland, has a nonlinear relationship with the per hectre price of parcels. Specifically, price per hectare increases up to 9 hectares and then it begins to decline. The results also show that an increase in the distance from areas of trade lowers the price by 1% per kilometre. Furthermore, the results suggest that farm sizes in each municipality has a positive effect on the parcel prices. With respect to natural attributes, e.g. soil quality and geographical location, the estimated results reveal that the organic soils are 79.3% and moraine soils are 36.4% lower priced than fine-grained soils. The geographical results indicate a 19.9% higher price in the southern part of Ostrobothnia, compared to the middle part.


Abstract Two automation methods for aseptic preparation in hospital pharmacy, robot and peristaltic pump, were compared to manual process both for risk analysis using Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) method and for productivity using time analysis grids built for each process. The results obtained with the different workflow organizations showed that the worst-case conditions for productivity was production "on demand" of tailor-made preparations. in that case, the manual process was not significantly different from the robotic process (p-value=0.72). For the standardized preparations, the semi-automatic process preparing a batch from bulk solution from "to be reconstituted" drugs was significantly superior to the robotic process preparing repetitive series of doses (p-value<0.01). Productivity of the robot was dramatically increased when the robot performed standardized preparations either from ready to use solutions or mixed cycles due to the robot design. When different processes were FMECA analyzed for risk analysis the robotic process was found as the safer process in comparison to others with a total of Criticality Indexes of 1060, 719, 656 for manual, semi-automatic and robot, respectively. Except for the robotic, semi-automatic and manual processes needed additional IT control systems to limit the risk of failures.


Runway evenness is a characteristic which has a direct influence on the dynamic behaviour of aircraft and conditions the safety of landings and take-offs. This article describes: 1) the consequences of surface irregularities; 2) methods of studying the dynamic behaviour of rolling aircraft; 3) a method of evaluating runway evenness based on the use of the LCPC longitudinal profile analyser APL 72. The APL 72 has been used on runways since 1975, the evaluation method described is derived from the summing up of all the results obtained on runways and from general studies in this field (bibliographies and experimental studies). This article was first published in French in the Revue des Routes et des Aerodromes, 1983-03, No 597, pp 75-79. (TRRL)


This paper examines the general prospects for conceptual role expressivism, expressivist theories that embrace conceptual role semantics. It has two main aims. The first aim is to provide a general characterisation of the view. The second aim is to raise a challenge for the general view. The challenge is to explain why normative concepts are not a species of defective concepts, where defective concepts are those that cannot meaningfully embed and participate in genuine inference. After rejecting existing attempts to answer the challenge, I propose an alternative solution. However, the solution leaves conceptual role expressivism a far less distinctive and interesting position than its proponents claim. I conclude that we should be sceptical about how much expressivists gain by appealing to conceptual role semantics.


Asyyrian Trade Colonies Era is a very important period in terms of social and political history of Ancient Anatolia. Kultepe-Kanis is a centre which introduces this period the best the contex of the both philological data and archeological findings. As a result of excavations in Kultepe, more than 20 thousand tablets were found. A portion of these tablets consists of the archives belonging to the Assyrian merchants. From these archives, we have learnt that Assyrian merchants have continued to their own cultural and social lifes as well as commercial activities in Anatolia. The activities realized byAssyrian merchants in the line with their religious beliefs have constituted one of the most important evidence of this situation.


This letter presents a new magnetic localization scheme based on frequency-division multiplexing for capsule endoscopy applications. The approach significantly reduces the reference excitation coil sizes and decreases the required excitation current by three orders of magnitude compared to prior work, making it practical for wearable systems. Different spatial configurations of the reference coils are considered and simulated to provide design insight for maximizing localization accuracy. A fully integrated wireless receiver prototype is implemented in 180-nm bulk CMOS and packaged in an ingestible pill form factor. To the best of our knowledge, the new scheme achieves the best experimentally demonstrated tracking accuracy in both 2D and 3D localization experiments, achieving a sub-mm mean absolute position error and consuming only $336~\mu \text{W}$ while running at 100% duty cycle.


Smoke disasters caused by land and forest fires tend to very often occur in peatlands during dry season. Dry season occurs during periods in which rain intensity decreases, causing the land to dry and become prone to burn. Weather modification technology, or WMT, is an alternative solution that can increase rain intensity in a region during dry season by adding NaCl into potential rain clouds. This paper discusses the effectiveness of using WMT during weak El-Nino year in 2014 and strong El-Nino year in 2015 in Ogan Komering Ilir District (Kab. OKI), a region containing numerous peatlands in South Sumatra Province. This study uses track seeding data to determine the location of potential cloud seeding, humidity data to assess the level of atmospheric drought in the region, and rain and hotspot data to analyze the effectiveness of cloud seeding activities in the study period in Kab. OKI. The study results obtained during September–November 2014 and 2015 proved that WMT had been considerably useful, considering that Kab. OKI had relative increase in rainfall intensity and decrease of hotspots during that period. The year 2014 was classified as having weak El-Nino period, in which the rainfall gradient was positive (0.0348) and the gradient hotspot was negative (−0.3846). The same incident occurred in 2015 during a strong El-Nino.


As an important problem in causal inference, we discuss the estimation of treatment effects (TEs). Representing the confounder as a latent variable, we propose Intact-VAE, a new variant of variational autoencoder (VAE), motivated by the prognostic score that is sufficient for identifying TEs. Our VAE also naturally gives representations balanced for treatment groups, using its prior. Experiments on (semi-)synthetic datasets show state-of-the-art performance under diverse settings, including unobserved confounding. Based on the identifiability of our model, we prove identification of TEs under unconfoundedness, and also discuss (possible) extensions to harder settings.


Within feminist debates on Islamism, many issues remain both contentious and insufficiently explored, including the relationship of fundamentalism to religion, the situation of Islamism in relation to a supposed crisis of modernity and search for authenticity, its legitimation through "democratization" and "multiculturalism," the connection between fundamentalisms and extreme right politics, and the qualitative value attributed to women's widely acknowledged centrality to Islamism and cultural identity. This article explores these issues and, in doing so, discusses three problematic discursive frameworks within which the subject is generally approached: an "orientalist" discourse, which demonizes and essentializes Islam and the Muslim world; a "multiculturalist" discourse, which legitimates even the most fundamentalist Islamic voices in the name of "cultural difference" and "women's agency"; and a "pluralist" discourse, which distances itself from overtly right-wing political uses of Islam while maintaining an apologist stance in relation to Islam.


There is lack of data on the relative importance of various conventional risk factors for cardio vascular disease among central Indians. However, cardio vascular disease risk factors have been shown to be more pronounced among diabetes subjects. The NTproBNP has been reported to be elevated in heart failure, ventricular stretch, and pressure overload. We conducted a prospective case-control study to determine the role of NTproBNP in cardio vascular disease among patients with or without diabetes in population of central India.We recruited 100 angio-graphically proven cardio vascular disease patients, 50 with diabetes and 50 without diabetes and 100 case matched controls from patients admitted to our hospital. Demographic, anthropometric measures, NTproBNP, lipids, blood glucose and other conventional risk factors were compared among cases and controls. Univariate and Multivariate analysis were carried out to compare individual factors using t-test, ANOVA and the inter group comparison were done by using Born ferroni Post Hoc tests. The levels of NTproBNP shows a significantly higher values in diabetes with cardio vascular disease patients (n=50, ±SD 1481.021±813.4059, 95% CI 1249.8541712.188) as compared to patients with cardio vascular disease only (n=50, ±SD 704.062±359.269, 95% CI 601.959806.165), diabetic control (n=50, ±SD 37.55±30.72, 95% CI 28.825-46.291) and control (n=50, ±SD 23.56±25.39, 95% CI 16.345-30.779). There is a significant association of NTproBNP with increased age, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking and hypertension. Conclusion:This study evaluate that NTproBNP is an independent risk predictor of cardio vascular disease, acknowledging limitations resulting from study design, further larger studies are warranted to verify this conclusion in our population. *Corresponding author Phone numbers: +91-07612673645, 09893116236. E-mail adresse:firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to medicine, namely to ophthalmology. For the introduction of the intraocular lens (IOL), an injector device is used, which comprises a tubular body with a plunger longitudinally disposed within the tubular body. As the plunger moves toward the front of the device, its tip engages the intraocular lens insertion cartridge, which is installed on or near the front of the body. Injector device for insertion of the IOL further comprises a control loop. Control loop is configured to perform the steps of advancing the plunger forward to the critical point, the retraction of the plunger back from the critical point by a sufficient distance to relax the material of the intraocular lens, stop, advance the plunger forward to the critical point a second time and continue the advance of the plunger beyond the critical point for implantation of the intraocular lens. EFFECT: group of inventions improves the method of delivering the IOL to the eyeball by using the claimed device for implanting the IOL into a capsule of the lens. 16 cl, 18 dwg


'What sort of music is this building' I asked. 'Classical' said Karen MacKinnon, the Information and Support Specialist, 'calming, but full of energy'. 'For me', said Richard Golsworthy, the Head of Psychology, 'it's Strauss, a symphonic waltz'. And what do patients say about it? 'Wow', 'Beautiful', 'Special'. They all looked at ease in this space of support for people with cancer. For my part, I waited …


This paper introduces the Verse platform for networked multiuser 3D graphics applications. The client/server-oriented use of the network architecture is described, as is the highly heterogeneous client concept. The data storage model is introduced, as are several features of the object representation. A single-primitive approach to high-quality graphics based on a hybrid of Catmull-Clark and Loop subdivision surfaces is described, together with a high-level material description system.


Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT) is an important component of an organization's overall security strategy. VAPT helps identify security vulnerabilities in a computer system, network, or web application, allowing organizations to take corrective measures to address these vulnerabilities and prevent potential security breaches. By conducting regular VAPT, organizations can improve their security posture and reduce the likelihood of successful attacks. In this paper Metasploit was used to show importance of regular vulnerability assessment of critical systems in order to discover vulnerabilities before attacker do it and exploit them. The authors showed Metasploit beside its usage to conduct a vulnerability assessment, it can be utilized by attackers to harm systems. VAPT is not a one-time event, but rather a ongoing process. As new vulnerabilities are discovered and new threats emerge, organizations need to regularly assess their systems to ensure they are protected.


A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2014–15 to study the effect of foliar spray of different levels of urea (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) in combination with micronutrients such as ZnSO4, MnSO4, FeSO4 each at 0.5% and CuSO4 at 0.2%. Urea and micronutrients along with sticker were applied at 30, 45 and 60 days after planting. Total seventeen treatment combinations including control were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The cloves of garlic cv. HG-17 were planted at a spacing of 15×10 cm in a plot size of 3.0×3.0 m. Foliar feeding of 0.5% zinc sulphate in combination with 1.5% urea three times at 15 days interval gave superior results with respect to measured parameters. The maximum plant height (36.38 and 53.80 cm) at 30 and 60 days after planting, leaf length (28.17 cm), neck thickness (9.47 mm), number of cloves per bulb (37.17), clove length (25.05 mm), fresh and dry weight of individual clove (0.95 and 0.46 g), total plant biomass (44.40 g) and total bulb yield (155.51 q/ha) was registered with foliar application of 0.5% zinc sulphate in combination with 1.5% urea, followed by 2.0% urea application in combination with 0.5% zinc sulphate.


The article emphasizes the importance of spatial thinking formation for successful learning in primary schools. It justifies the approach to the formation of developmental programs of spatial thinking of elementary school pupils. In the program "Gradual development of spatial thinking of elementary school pupils" proposed by the author a systematic transformation of spatial thinking's components from ontogenetic fundamental functions (motion functions) into more complicated (intellectual functions) is carried out. The result of the implementation of the developmental program is the development of the components of spatial thinking of pupils and their progress in mastering of educational skills (writing, reading and calculation).


Chitty and colleagues' recent investigation[1][1] into the association between psychotropic medication use and alcohol consumption during emergency department presentations for self-poisoning raises an interesting perspective on the putative role of psycho-pharmacology in reducing risky alcohol use


Sir, Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) is a papular eruption characterized by discrete red-brown, domeshaped papules on the medial and lateral areas of the face, which often extends onto the neck and chin (1). Extrafacial manifestations are not uncommon and may affect the axilla, shoulders, arms, hands, groins and legs. There has been a previous report of concurrent involvement of the face, neck and chest (2). However LMDF occurring on the neck and chest without facial involvement has not been reported previously. We report here a rare case of LMDF on the neck and chest of a patient without any facial manifestations.


The spatial distribution and long-time variation of the deep-developed boundary layer are not well understood in arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China. ERA-Interim (ECMWF Reanalysis data, ECMWF: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) were used to study the deep-developed boundary layer in the five representative areas in summer and then the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model was applied to simulate and verify its applicability. The results show that the boundary layer heights in the five representative areas are higher in late spring and summer (the highest is 2485~3502 m in June) and lower in autumn, winter and early spring (the lowest is 758~907 m in December). The seasonal variations of the boundary layer height are smaller at 02:00 BJT and 08:00 BJT, while the variations are relatively larger at 14:00 BJT and 20:00 BJT. The atmospheric boundary layer, with heights over 4000 m, generally exists in late spring and summer. The boundary layer heights are higher in the arid region than in the semi-arid region and the deep-developed boundary layer lasts longer in the arid region. The boundary layer heights present reductions from the northwest to the southeast, except for Minqin in the middle north. The numerical simulation results show that there is a significant difference between different combinations of parameterization schemes to simulate the deep-developed boundary layer in these areas. The combination Goddard+SLAB+ACM2 performs better in the extreme arid area, Dunhuang, and the arid areas, Jiuquan and Minqin, whereas the simulation effect of the combination Dudhia+Noah+ACM2 is better in the semi-arid areas, Yuzhong and Lanzhou. The difference between the schemes is related to the determination of the boundary layer height.


Introduction. Cultural Studies is a relatively new and decidedly selfreflexive field. Variously conceptualized in the academy in the past as inter/anti/post disciplinary, it appears to have settled into becoming what Tony Bennett (1998) has described as a 'reluctant discipline' in its own right. However, cultural studies still remains a discourse influx. It has become a common focus area in the academy in the United Kingdom and Australia, mushroomed in the United States, strengthened in South Africa and spread to Taiwan and Morocco. It has become articulated with multiculturalism and various discourses based on the politics of social difference and employs avant garde theory. Yet it is also subject to hoaxes (for example 'the Sokal affair') and an ongoing backlash from both the left and the right. At various sites it appears to have become a largely academic exercise, abandoning its praxis roots, its characteristic of being at once an academic (anti)discipline and a political project, a theory-informed discourse and a community-based practice. Given that cultural studies was always intended to be constantly remade, depending on changing locations and conditions, given its current state of flux, and given its exciting but sometimes bewildering state of flux, it is important to take the pulse of the field from time to time, to go beyond our individual discipline-influenced courses, projects, and even various 'national schools,' to get a sense of the current state of affairs of the field in its entirety. In the following interview with prominent cultural studies figure, Larry Grossberg, conducted while he ivas in Knoxville to give an invited talk at the University of Tennessee, I elicited his views on the status quo of cultural studies. In particular I asked his view on such issues as the current state and politics of theory and theorizing, empiricism and empirical research, identity politics and the essentialism versus anti-essentialism debate, the institutionalization of cultural studies in the academy, and national schools and their consequence for internationalization of cultural studies.


Darul Hijrah Modern Islamic Boarding School applies a strategy of English language learning by requiring students to speak English in two weeks all the time, and the term is named 'English Week'. Writer notices that this strategy seems like having a positive implication toward improvement of students proficiency level in English skills. Therefore, the writer is interested to conduct an ethnographic research to know how is the implementation of English week itself and how is its implication to the students.
This research is conducted through observation, interview, and questionnaires which involve 50 students of class II TMI (Tarbiyatul Mu'allimin al-Islamiyah) and 30 students of class five TMI, the Head of Central Language Council Department (CLCD) and the Head of Language Department Center (LDC), English teachers, and the Head of Darul Hijrah Modern Islamic Boarding School. Through these research instruments, it's found that Boarding School has a very strict rules and environment for students to use English all the time during English Week. As the result, most of respondents state that they always speak English during English Week, although they still get trouble in the matter of grammatical structure which then forms such a culture or typical characteristic that they don't really speak English like a native speaker.
In conclusion, the writer hopes that all stakeholders of boarding school can evaluate more comprehensively in the matter of the balance between students' proficiency level of speaking ability and understanding of language structure, so they can have a better communication with people around.


Recent financial pressures in the hospital industry have led to an extreme cost‐consciousness for both hospitals and patients. Growing competition and consumerism have forced hospitals to renovate their organisational structures and cultures, devise strategic plans, and implement marketing plans. Hospitals now walk a tight‐rope between cost containment and health care quality. Two fundamental areas that hospitals should consider in order to build and maintain a loyal customer base are a customer‐oriented philosophy and a better utilisation of the workforce.


Asphalt pavement Performance evaluation is a multiattribute decision-making issue,including qualitative factors,quantitative factors,certain information and uncertain information.Aimed at the characteristic that the traditional evaluation methods tend to be affected by the subjective factors,based on the existing evaluation system,adopting evidential reasoning approach,a new evaluation model of pavement performance was established.This model can achieve the combination of certainty and uncertainty information,and is convenient to deal with the multiattribute comprehensive evaluation problem with the incomplete information,so that the evaluation results will be more actual.Combining example and carring on verification,the model of evidential reasoning approach applied in pavement performance evaluation is effective and feasible.


Abstract Which of the new political parties that emerged in advanced democracies faded away and which ones managed to survive and why? Considering a party as dead once it ceases to nominate candidates in any elections, we develop two sets of hypotheses to account for party death derived from two conceptions of political parties. One conceptualizes parties as vehicles formed by career-oriented politicians eager to maximize individual rewards. Failure to deliver seats or government access is therefore expected to predict an earlier death. The other conceptualizes parties as societal organizations that serve representational functions valued in themselves by elites and members alike. This conception stresses the importance of roots in society or ideological novelty. Using survival analysis, we test our hypotheses in 17 advanced democracies based on a new data set covering 144 new parties from birth until their (potential) death. Arguments derived from both conceptions have significant support stressing the complexity of the drivers underpinning parties' very existence.


This paper documents the findings from an extensive postal survey conducted in 1997‐98, which looks at the tax affairs of small firms, both incorporated and unincorporated. Tax planning practices of small firms in the UK, and the implications of these practices on working capital and investment in these businesses, are considered. The results indicate that tax planning in most small firms is not very sophisticated and this has an effect on investment decisions in these businesses. As a result of poor tax planning practices small firms are not in a position to utilise fully all available tax reduction mechanisms. Instead they have to rely on mechanisms that can be decided upon after the accounting year end; unfortunately these involve the withdrawal of money from the business (eg pension schemes, salaries/bonuses). The results presented in this paper illustrate that the decision concerning the level of pension fund contributions and drawings/salaries, and subsequently the level of retained profits, will depend on both financial (business needs and market characteristics) as well as non‐financial (management characteristics) factors. However, the present combination of these factors in the small business sector favours the extraction of profits out of the business rather than the reinvestment of profits that will enhance the creation of wealth and employment. Based on the beliefs and expectations of small business owner/directors a number of tax incentives are discussed that the government could introduce in order to enhance the financial development and prosperity of small firms.


The thing has multi-layers of meanings. That is same as to buildings. Buildings can be material objects or abstract space. Especially the external view which regard buildings as the materials and the internal view which regard building as space are often confronted. In the 20th century, the abstract space and its production is dominant. But it's just a choice of the relatively important view. The layers of meanings still exist. Actually, abstract space simultaneously exists as a material object. For surface of material objects can be autonomous regardless of its space, the effect and experience of materials must be considered. On the other hand, the human perception which can understand the meanings of things has changed. Quantitative increase of urban life elements surpass the human-perceptive limits. Humans are separated from the surroundings and the materiality, of things and cannot be experienced any more but only the panoramic images. But there is still some districts which preserve the small quantities of urban condition and the quality of the things. Those districts are called 'Neighborhood'. There people usually walk around, buildings are relatively small, sparse and the poor brands exist. So the value and nature of the singular matter can be experienced. Human perception here may be special. That is 'Materiality for Urban Neighborhood'.


This paper presents a new approach to acceleration control of skid-to-turn (STT) missiles, in which all nonlinearities of the missiles including the coupling effect between pitch and yaw channels due to the effect of bank angle are taken into account. Missile velocity and air density are not assumed to be constant or slow-varying. Furthermore, the total angle of attack need not be confined to be small for autopilot stability. We show that the missile dynamics with missile acceleration as the output, which are of nonminimum phase, can be transformed through a kind of partial linearization and singular perturbation technique into a reduced system which is not only of minimum phase but also exactly input-output (I/O) linearizable via feedback. We present rigorous stability analysis as well as various simulation results. Our method is useful for the autopilot design of highly maneuvering STT missiles.


In this paper, different control techniques for the voltage source converter of an hybrid standalone microgrid are compared and discussed in detail. The main drawback of a PI controller is the integrator windup which will result in large overshoot and high settling time. This can be reduced by using an anti-windup PI controller. In this paper PI, AWPI and SRF controllers are used for same system and the results are compared. The hybrid system consists of two generating units, wind and solar unit supported by a BESS. P&O MPPT technique is used for extracting maximum power from wind and solar unit. For the protection of BESS from overcharging a dump-load is provided. The performance of the system with different controllers is tested and compared through modelling and simulation in MATLAB/Simulink.


This article presents some findings of a contrastive study on how to complain German and Spanish people and behavior analysis of the Germans to draw complaints in Spanish, in particular, whether they take their texts ELE rhetorical conventions of their own culture or whether to adopt the Spanish ones.


The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 15 modified representatives of Tröger's base were recorded and the corresponding signals assigned. In 1H NMR, the appearance of the AA′BB′CC′(XX′) system, after irradiation of Hx(Hx), is deceptively simple and should not be first‐order analysed. The 13C chemical shifts and 1J(1H–13C) coupling constants are characteristic of these molecules.


SCF MO calculations using CNDO approximations are reported for the chromium–oxygen species CrO2–4 and Cr2O3. The orbital energies for the two systems are compared with an empirical picture derived from measurements of the CrK, CrLIII and OK X-ray spectra. The overall picture of orbital levels from the two methods is fairly similar. The resulting computed orbital energies and eigenfunctions have been used to suggest alternative assignments for some of the X-ray bands.


The first author would like to dedicate this paper to the memory of the second author. Professor Liviu Isidor Librescu died on April 16, 2007, while on duty. He was teaching class when the mass shootings occurred at the ESM department at Virginia Tech. Dr. Librescu was a very fine and caring person, outstanding academician, and an inspiring graduate research advisor. His heroic act during his last moments, which helped save the lives of students in his classroom, is well documented. His fond memories shall be cherished and will continue to inspire.


In late January and early February, 1991, 57‐Hz acoustic signals were transmitted underwater from Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean to receiving sites worldwide. The experiment was designed to test the feasibility of using underwater acoustic signals to measure warming of the world's oceans. The idea is based on the fact that the speed of sound in water increases with increasing temperature, about 1 m/s for a 4 °C change, so that the travel time of acoustic signals transmitted between fixed points will decrease if the ocean is warming. While the predicted warming at mid‐depth (1000 m) where most sound energy is confined is low, about 4 m °C/yr, resulting in a sound‐speed change of only 0.02 m/s/yr, the resulting travel time change over global paths is large and easily measured, 0.16 s for 18 000‐km range. The goals of the feasibility experiment were threefold. First, to determine whether adequate received intensities can be obtained with electronic rather than explosive sources, second, to determi...


is run through a rigid surgical endoscope optical system having a shaft tube (1) which is arranged in its length from one image conductor (8) and of a in the intermediate space between the image conductor (8) and the shaft tube (1) optical fiber bundle (9), wherein the shaft tube ( 1) (at its proximal end in a main body 2) is held, going from the side of a light guide connector (4), in which the distal end (10) of the optical fiber bundle (9) is held, characterized in that located distal to the region of the edge (12) between the lumen of the light guide connecting piece (4) and the lumen of the main body (2) covering this edge protection element (12) is arranged with rounded surface.


Changing the QAP's hard definition such that the facilities M are allowed to be mapped by a (single-valued, not necessarily injective) function π into the set of possible locations Y subject to a relation Π, π ⊆ Π, it arises the Semi-QAP that might be regarded as a relaxation of the QAP. In contrast to the Tree-QAP (flow graph F is a tree) the corresponding Semi-Tree-QAP is solvable in polynomial time. This enables us to show that there is a constructive approximation algorithm, here called R2, solving the Semi-QAP with O(k⋅p) guaranteeing an ε = (Cappr – Copt) / Copt = |F| +1– |M| (Semi-QAP's optimal cost Copt, and approximate cost Cappr).


Aiming at the choice of proposal function and degeneracy problem in particle filter(PF),an improved algorithm is put forward.Unscented Kalman Filter(UKF) is used to produce the proposal function,the estimate accuracy can be improved,Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) is applied to keep the diversity of the particles and solve the degeneracy problem.The simulation result illustrates the algorithm is superior to PF,UPF,PF-MCMC(PF with MCMC) and PF-EKF-MCMC(PF with EKF and MCMC) in accuracy.


In this paper, a recently conducted product lifecycle management (PLM) implementation project is analysed. The aims are to investigate whether published product lifecycle management (PLM) implementation guidelines are relevant to and used in practice, and, if so, to assess how useful they are for guiding project execution. This paper presents an examination of how a real PLM implementation project was conducted, mapping out the rationale for different courses of action and the effects they had. This paper evaluates the degree of relevance and application of existing PLM implementation guidelines. It is found that while most of the guidelines were highly relevant to the project, they were not applied in full. Potential reasons for why the guidelines are not followed are discussed. It is suggested that projects review their plans with the guidelines in mind, evaluating their degree of relevance and including a plan for how to apply the guidelines.


The ability of a streptomycin-non-dependent strain of Brucella melitensis to immunize goats against brucella infection and to protect against the abortion phenomenon was determined in a series of studies using both heat-killed and living cells of the strain. The data presented contrast the efficacy of both types of vaccine and demonstrate the importance of the relationship between mating date and date of vaccination in the prevention of abortion. Also included is an account of experiments on cross-immunity between infections induced by tubercle bacilli and brucellae, using monocytes from vaccinated and unvaccinated rabbits.


Classical nucleation theory is applied to the production of particles of a crystalline phase by growth upon small foreign particles. Various possible particle shapes are considered and general curves are derived which can be simply applied to a large variety of physical situations.


An unsteady state model for calculating the collecting characteristics of organic vapors in the diffusive sampler is proposed using Fick's law and a mass balance equation. The results of a theoretical model suggest that when the vapor concentration in the ambient air rises suddenly from zero to a certain concentration, C0, a larger mass of the vapors should move into the sampler than will move under the steady state conditions because a greater vapor concentration gradient is formed in the sampler. On the other hand, when the vapor concentration changes from C0 to zero, the concentration profile becomes convex and the vapors that exist near the entrance move out of the sampler. When the above two phenomena occur consequently, that is, the vapor concentration changes rectangularly, the collected amount of the vapor becomes equal to that of the steady state condition. In the case of sinusoidal and triangular vapor concentration changes, the collected amount of the vapor also becomes the same as that of the ...


In this paper I would make three points. First, I will propose a distinction between the linguistic (code) significance of a word and its various sensemeanings. Second, I wish to demonstrate that an apparently polysemousambiguous word like game may yet have a consistent code-significance. In other words, I might claim that such a word has an invariant semantic form, but my use of the term semantic would be so different from its customary logical, set-theoretical Interpretation that I will deliberately avoid it in this discussion. Third, I will illustrate a means of modeling the code-significance of words in terms oficonic forms rather than in terms of concepts, classes, or sets of objects, or sets of necessary and sufficient conditions (i.e., the typical characterizations of sense-meaning).


There are a growing number of aerospace applications demonstrating the effectiveness of emulating human decision making using fuzzy logic. Main research challenges include situational awareness and decision making in an uncertain time critical spatio-temporal environment. In this effort, a MATLAB simulation environment of the classic arcade game PONG is utilized and a fuzzy logic system has been created that uses real-time reasoning and awareness to represent a single a human player. A second fuzzy system was then created that uses real-time collaboration as well as fuzzy reasoning and awareness capabilities to play two human players. This collaboration strategy is based on the researcher's experience and learning lessons from watching two recent professional tennis matches. After an iterative process of tuning the system, both the singles and doubles games proved difficult for human players to beat. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic collaborative robotic system. HERE are a growing number of aerospace applications demonstrating the effectiveness of emulating human decision making using fuzzy logic. The main research challenges include situational awareness and decision making in an uncertain time critical spatio-temporal environment. A completely autonomous, collaborative team of robots would be very useful in applications including, but not limited to, space robotics, celestial body exploration & colonization, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, homeland security and disaster relief.


The objective of this paper is to present the results and conclusions of an evaluation of the break frequency for the process water system (primary coolant system), including the piping, reactor tank, heat exchangers, expansion joints and other process water system components. This evaluation was performed to support the ongoing PRA effort and to complement deterministic analyses addressing the credibility of a double-ended guillotine break. 6 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.


Depreciable bonds issues can significantly expand the issuers' abilities to manage public debt. The purpose of the study is to suggest possible options for a model for fulfilling obligations by issuers of depreciable sub-federal bonds. The study was conducted using a discrete grouping constructed according to the criterion of the bonds face value repayment number. We propose a set of indicators to assess the issuers' possibilities to place depreciable sub-federal bonds in the Russian market. Our analyses showed that, during the period under review, the probability of successful depreciable bond issues placement in the sub-federal segment remained at a high level for bond issues with a nominal value of no more than 30.0 billion rubles and a maturity of no more than 3650 days. Deterioration of the bond market environment did not lead to significant changes in the structure of the bond issuers' obligations fulfillment. The most common was a model involving four repayments of the depreciable bonds nominal value.


We are embodied creatures and by proxy, so is our research and the topics, subjects, experiences we study (Ellingson, 2017; Hefferon, 2013; 2018a). Trauma, and injury to the body, have been explored by psychologists as embodied experiences, particularly the role of the body in the recovery process and as part of the potential trajectory for psychological growth (Hefferon et al., 2009; 2010; 2012; Levine, 2010; Rothschild, 2000). This chapter will therefore aim to situate the area of posttraumatic growth, from an embodied perspective, and within a sporting context. The chapter will first review the concept of embodiment, moving on to focus on corporeal elements of posttraumatic growth and situate this within sporting populations who have experienced significant trauma and injury. Finally, the chapter will offer readers suggestions for engaging in more embodied posttraumatic growth research within sport and trauma populations.


Post-translational glycosylation of native human plasminogen has been characterized using a combination of proteolytic digestion, reversed-phase HPLC and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Accurate prediction of the mass of glycans attached to the N-linked site of plasminogen has been achieved using MALDI-MS with exoglycosidase treatment revealing monosaccharide and linkage information. Plasminogen has been shown to have a heterogeneous population of oligosaccharides attached to Asn-289 which differ only in the level of sialylation present on terminal galactose units.


Cross sections and vector and tensor analyzing powers for the main levels in Pb-207 have been measured via the Pb-208(d over arrow pointing right, t)Pb-207 reaction at 200 and 360 MeV incident energies. A(y) and A(yy) spin observables allow a clear identification of the valence levels, especially at 200 MeV. The results are compared with finite range distorted-wave Born approximation calculations using the Paris projectile-ejectile form factor including the S and D components. The analysis shows a large effect of the D component on the tensor analyzing powers at the most forward angles. At both energies, the spin part of the deuteron optical potential is very important to describe the analyzing powers and especially A(yy). A good description of all observables at 200 MeV allows this reaction to be used as a spectroscopic tool.


Nifedipine/soluplus co-precipitates were prepared at 1:9 and 1:1 weight ratios, using the solvent method, with the aim to obtain an improvement of the drug release. The release, though accelerated with respect to physical mixtures and pure drug, resulted slow with respect to similar systems containing soluplus and are characterized by the appearance in suspension of micro-particulates that, at the optical microscope, revealed a large variety of shapes typical of flower-like aggregates, not previously reported. For comparison systems were also prepared with PVP K30 and sucrester P1670 and two mixtures, without any evidence of this last phenomenon. The systems were studied by thermal (differential scanning calorimetry – DSC, thermomicroscopy – HSM) and spectroscopic (SEM, FT-IR, micro-Raman) analysis. Slow release of nifedipine and formation of colloidal micro-particulates were hypothesized due to the gelling tendency of soluplus associated to drug/polymer multi-site-interactions: when one of these parameters is absent in the system the two phenomena could not be observed together, such as in the case of PVP K30 or sucrester P1670, when used as carriers for nifedipine release. *Corresponding author: Adamo Fini, Professor, Department of FABIT, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 15, 20127 Bologna, Italy, Tel: +00390512095655; Fax: +00390512095652; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Citation: Cavallari, C., et al. Release Problems for Nifedipine in the Presence of Soluplus. (2016) J Pharm Pharmaceutics 3(2): 113. Release Problems for Nifedipine in the Presence of Soluplus Cristina Cavallari1, Selenia Ternullo2, Fabrizio Tarterini3, Adamo Fini1* Received date: April 19, 2016 Accepted date: May 31, 2016 Published date: June 06, 2016 DOI: 10.15436/2377-1313.16.020 1 Fini, A., et al. J Pharm Pharmaceutics | volume 3: issue 2 2 to prepare co-precipitate of drug by hot-melt extrusion[16]. It represents a hydrophilic non-ionic multipurpose carrier for its ability to act as polymer matrix former suitable for co-precipitates; and is considered as a member of the fourth generation of co-precipitate carriers[17]. Due to hydrophilic and hydrophobic functionalities in its chains, soluplus displays solubilising properties through micelle formation in solution (CMC 7.6 mg/l)[18]. But it also exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) near 40°C[19], above which it aggregates into larger micelles, displays gel-forming ability that makes turbid the releasing medium[16]. As a consequence the final result for this carrier, proposed to improve the release of the embedded drug, could depend on the relative weight of these opposite parameters. In the case of the association nifedipine/soluplus literature has been mainly concerned with the study of interaction between the drug and the polymer, the miscibility limits, the effects of the preparing techniques and aging on dissolution behavior[12-15]. The original aim of our research was to compare a range of hydrophilic carriers, including soluplus, such as Gelucires, PEGs and Lutrols, in the nifedipine release improvement from co-precipitates. In the present paper we preferred a more in-depth examination of the soluplus system, since nifedipine experiments unexpected release problems in the presence of soluplus, unlike other carriers; moreover an unusual formation of particulates, different in shape and size from the starting particles, was observed during the release test. While few examples are reported in the literature for slow drug release in the presence of soluplus, presence of this type of particulates was not observed or reported in previous papers, which separately referred to nifedipine or to soluplus. To interpret this fact, for comparison, also PVP and sucrester P1670 were employed as carriers for nifedipine, alone or in mixture with soluplus. All the systems thus prepared were examined by thermal (DSC, TGA, HSM) and spectroscopic (FT-IR, Raman, SEM) analysis and a mechanism was hypothesized for the slow release and the formation flower-like particulates during the release tests. Materials and Methods Chemicals Nifedipine was a commercial sample of pharmaceutical grade: its thermogram fits that of a commercial sample; soluplus, sucrester P1670 and PVP K30 were commercial samples of the highest degree available (Sigma, Milan, and Italy). Preparation of the physical mixtures Physical mixtures were prepared mixing powders of the same particle size range of nifedipine and each carrier in order to obtain the formulations shown in (Table 1). Table 1: Weight percent composition of the formulations examined Nifedipine Soluplus PVP Sucrester


Broadcasting is a communication mechanism utilized in VANET architecture that facilitates in disseminated of public information to help reduce traffic jams/congestions. The authentic and genuine nature of public information is required to be maintained to avoid broadcasting of false information causing mass panic and hysteria. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to secure the broadcasting information so that an intruder is unable to alter any information without compromising public nature of the information. In this paper, we have proposed a secure broadcasting architecture consisting of different layers stacked together in different formation according to operating modes. A real-time simulation model is developed in Python, while simulations are run on a supercomputer for the purpose of gathering results for highway environments. We compare the results of the proposed secure highway architecture with unsecure architecture. Overall, the results show delayed propagation time due to the availability of multiple information packets as well as prioritization of these information packets. However, there was no significant difference in retransmission of different information packets when compared with either different broadcasting probability or unsecure highway scenario, which indicates an effective as well as efficient, secure broadcasting architecture. Received on 15 November 2018; accepted on 11 December 2018; published on 21 December 2018


The influence of alkyl substitution on the stereoisomerism of the formamidine cation (E,E vs E,Z) of several N-substituted (imidazolylphenyl)formamidines (1-10) was investigated. As (imidazolylphenyl)formamidines having alkyl substituents of more than three carbon atoms bind to H2-receptor preparations in a pseudoirreversible mode causing unsurmountable antagonism, the four isomeric butylformamidines (5-7 and 9) having comparable lipophilic character but different E,E/E,Z composition were investigated in H2-receptor assays to determine quantitatively any difference in their pseudoirreversible inhibitory pattern. It was found that the geometry of the formamidine cation is affected by the steric bulk of the substituent on the formamidine nitrogen. A relationship between the percentage of the E,E conformation of the formamidine cation and degree of pseudoirreversible antagonism was also found. The present studies support the hypothesis that bidentate hydrogen bonding plays an important role in the interaction of (imidazolylphenyl)formamidines with the H2 receptor.


The invention discloses a water-resistant polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable insulating material, which comprises raw material components of PVC resin, main plasticizing agents, lubricating agents, calcium-zinc stabilizing agents, and calcined clay already treated by using coupling agents. The cable insulating material disclosed by the invention has high tensile strength and excellent water-resistantperformance, and can be used underwater for a long time.


At present, most of the work is based on deep neural network to construct simultaneous peritoneal tumor detection algorithm. The prerequisite for the successful application of these algorithms is that the training set and the test set are independent and identically distributed, that is, the algorithm needs a large number of training samples with the same distribution as the target application. In order to effectively use the public data set with sufficient data to assist the training, and to get the model with superior performance index even when the data amount is limited, we propose a simultaneous peritoneal tumor detection algorithm based on domain adaptation. Specifically, we realize edge distribution alignment based on covariance matrix, and propose two constraints based on feature space optimization and conditional distribution alignment, so that the algorithm can effectively transfer knowledge by using data sets with the same tasks but different distributions. The model can learn the interface fitting to the specific data set even if there is only a small amount of labeled data. Extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm based on domain adaptation can significantly improve the recognition performance of the model.


Formation of the paraliterature in France was inextricably linked to strengthen the feuilleton novel (as a major publication form) and was followed by the creation of an appropriate genre nomenclature. The term «science fiction» became part of it only after World War II. Although the samples of the corresponding narrative had already appeared in the period of Belle Époque. The earliest stage of the French science fiction development (main works, genre features, publishing strategies, genre reflection) is considered in the article and the role of the works by Jules Gabriel Verne in the genesis of science fiction discourse is briefly analysed. The "scientific-wondrous" ("merveilleux scientifique") is given great consideration, that was reflected in details by the famous writer Maurice Renard.


A Y 3+ complex with triethylenetetraaminehexaacetic acid was prepared and its composition and structure were determined as K 4[Y 2(Httha) 2]·14H 2O by elemental analysis and single crystal X ray four circle diffraction analysis. In the binuclear complex, the two YN 3O 6 parts all form nine coordinate monocapped square anti prismatic structures. There are a lot of water molecules in the unit cell which form hydrogen bonds.


Our collections are accessible online in numerous ways; many are listed under Digital Collections but new materials are regularly being added.


Viruses that infect bacteria (i.e., phages) are abundant and widespread in the human body, and new anti-infective approaches such as phage therapy are essential for the future of effective medicine. Our understanding of microenvironmental factors such as tissue oxygen availability at the site of phage–bacteria interaction remains limited, and it is unknown whether evolved resistance is sculpted differentially under normoxia vs. hypoxia. We, therefore, analyzed the phage–bacteria interaction landscape via adsorption, one-step, time-kill dynamics, and genetic evolution under both normoxia and hypoxia. This revealed that adsorption of phages to Pseudomonas aeruginosa decreased under 14% environmental oxygen (i.e., hypoxia), but phage time-kill and one-step growth kinetics were not further influenced. Tracking the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to phages uncovered a higher frequency of phage resistance and constrained types of spontaneous mutation under hypoxia. Given the interest in developing phage therapies, developing our understanding of the phage–pathogen interaction under microenvironmental conditions resembling those in the body offers insight into possible strategies to overcome multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria.


Infrared thermography is a well-known technique for the non-destructive evaluation of artworks. In recent times, several image processing algorithms have been proposed and studied to enhance the detection of defects. Amongst them, post-processing methods based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) have shown good results in terms of reliability and detectability of defects. This work analyzes the available PLS-related algorithms for the evaluation of a fresco sample with known defects, stimulated with different heating sources. The results are compared in terms of Signal to Noise Ratio and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves.


Purpose – This paper seeks to explore three key aspects of the education of children in care: the composition of that population of children and the extent to which they differ from the general population of children due to difficulties most of them have experienced prior to as well as after entering care; issues relating to the identification of causal relationships and the extent of "underachievement" by children in care; and any evidence that care may provide more positive opportunities than is often supposed.Design/methodology/approach – The paper's approach is an extensive literature review of existing published research into social policy and practice of caring for looked after children.Findings – The significant factors that contribute to better achievement for children in care are: placement stability and support at school but for some children therapeutic help and specialist assessments are necessary to improve outcomes. Different analyses produce different results and the scrutiny of children's ...


Abstract A simple computer simulation model has been constructed to represent the concentration of cesium-137 in a lichen-caribou-Eskimo food chain. The model incorporates exponentially decreasing fallout deposition on lichens, seasonally varying uptake of cesium-137 by caribou, and spring and fall harvests of migrating caribou by Eskimos. The various constants required in the model were independently estimated, and outcome of the simulation was then compared with actual data on cesium-137 concentrations in caribou muscle and Eskimo body-burdens. The results of simulation runs in which constants were arbitrarily varied indicate that an improved fit (to observed data) might be obtained, but the model's principal function is considered to be analytical rather than predictive.


In all oil-gas basins of the world the main petroleum accumulations are located in zones of intersection of faults. A geodepression model is discussed here, according to which faults determine the degree of migration of fluids from depths. Zones of de-gassing in the Middle Caspian Sea are examined. For this purpose a map of faults was compiled from magnetic, gravity, electrical, and seismic surveys. Three main types of faults are present in the Middle Caspian: northwest, east-west, and northeast. In the geophysical fields these faults are reflected in the form of regional gravity gradients, continuous belts of compression of magnetic contours accompanied by local changes in sign, zones of anomalous orientations, chaotic reflections on seismic profiles, and zones of absorption of seismic waves.


Molecular dynamics simulations of water-based nanolubrication in Couette flow are carried out. The water molecules are simulated by the TIP3P model. Three different shear rates are 20 m/s and 40 m/s and 60 m/s, and the vertical pressure acted on the metal wall are 10GPa, 20 GPa, 30 GPa and 40 GPa respectively. The simulated results show that the greater pressure, the smaller the stable value of friction spacing, while the reduction rate of the stable value becomes small. Meanwhile, as pressure increases, the stabilization time is longer. However, under the same pressure, shear rate of influence on the friction spacing is not obvious. The friction spacing increases with the number of particles, showing that the presence of nanoparticles can enhance the bearing capacity.


Several thousand monuments exist in India including temples, Buddhist stupas, mosques, minars, rock cut caves, forts, etc. Bricks and stones were mainly used for their construction. The use of specific stone material is detailed, monument by monument, along the ages, and the utilization of local resources influenced architectural design and construction. Charnockite was used in the Mahabalipuram temple of Madras, granite in the Meenakshi temple of Madurai, khondalite in the Konarak temple in Orissa, Triassic limestone in the Avantipur temple of Kashmir, Vindhyan sandstone in the Ashoka Pillar and stupas in Sarnath, and white marble in the Taj Mahal of Agra.


Polishing composition containing an abrasive and water is provided. The content of the abrasive in the polishing composition is more than 0.1 mass%. Abrasive containing zirconium oxide particles. Zirconium oxide particles have a specific surface area of 1~15m Zirconium oxide particles preferably have a purity of more than 99 wt%. Polishing composition, sapphire, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon oxide, glass, gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, indium arsenide, are applications, for example, used for polishing a hard and brittle material such as indium phosphide.


In this study, experimental and statistical evaluation of antibacterial, mechanical, and comfort properties of woven fabrics consisting of cotton, bamboo and silver yarns were presented. For the purpose of the study; cotton-bamboo and cotton-silver blended fabrics were produced, mechanical properties (such as tensile strength and tear strength) were investigated, antibacterial activities were determined, and thermal comfort properties (such as thermal conductivity, thermal absorption, thermal resistance, air permeability, water vapor permeability, and water vapor resistance) were measured. Statistical evaluations were performed by one way ANOVA and Tukey HSD and Tamhane's T2 test methods. According to the outputs of the research, the mechanical and comfort properties can be improved and the antibacterial activities can be obtained of shirting and bedding fabrics by differing weft yarn type and density.


This presentation outlines the evolution of architectural design trends, from barrier free and accessible design to adaptable and universal design, and the influence of these changes on outcomes for older people and people with disabilities who have specific housing requirements. A particular focus will include showcasing Australia wide examples of private and social housing incorporating universal design features that positively impact on older people and people with a disability living in the community.


FIELD: electrical engineering; manufacture of lead-acid storage batteries. SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes introduction of phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 into active material prepared of mixture of two source lead powders I and II in mass ratio of (0.3 0.7) : (0.7 - 0.3) with mean particle size, as measured by means of sediment-metric analysis, of 2.6 - 2.8 µm for I, and -3.2 - 3.4 µm for II and oxidation of 75 - 85% for I and 60 - 70% for II and used to form positive plates, amount of phosphoric acid being 2 - 4 mass percent of active material mass. EFFECT: enlarged specific surface area of positive plates and enhanced strength of their active material. 1 cl, 3 ex


In high-power free electron lasers, self-field effects in the electron beam are often the most important phenomenon on which the beam quality depends. These effects are generally conceived as space-charge effects, and described by a Poisson equation in a beam frame. In RF-FEL photoinjectors, the electrons of the intense short pulse produced by laser irradiation are submitted, just after their photoemission, to such a strong acceleration that relativistic acceleration and retardation effects must be taken into account. The importance of these effects is discussed, from the rigorous calculation of the Lienard-Wiechert velocity and acceleration electric and magnetic fields, as a function of RF-electric field and beam parameters. The beam pulse is assumed to be axisymmetric, with a constant photoemitted current density.<<ETX>>


There is a need to evaluate and use retained strength ratios obtained from laboratory moisture damage tests on asphalt concrete mixes to predict field performance based on highway agency acceptance criteria. Two calculation procedures are described and discussed: (a) retained strength cut-off ratio required for an untreated mix and (b) pavement life benefit-initial cost ratio when antistripping additives are used. Data supplied by six state highway agencies are used for calculating these performance ratios to illustrate typical ranges. Performance ratio procedures make use of pavement thickness design methods and retained strength ratios from laboratory tests as well as the thickness, soil support, regional factor, and terminal serviceability for a specific pavement or overlay to be constructed. Retained strength ratios are related quantitatively to the reduced structural layer coefficients of asphalt concrete. Pavement life is prorated in a simplified version of the moisture damage by stages using Miner's cumulative fatigue damage rule. The calculations show that retained strength cut-off ratios range from 0.59 to 0.95. A range at least this large is expected when considering the differences in thickness design methods and pavement parameters. However, a specific ratio is associated only with a given set of pavement conditions. Calculations of benefit-cost ratios show a range from 1.0 to 2.0. The larger ratios are desirable. The benefit-cost ratios for three of the highway agencies were low enough to question the effectiveness of an additive for the untreated-to-treated retained strength range used. The calculation omethods can be a helpful aid for decision omakers when they are evaluating the results of laboratory moisture damage tests. (Author)


The influence of a sodium percarbonate bleach activator in the peroxidase system was studied based on decoloration reaction kinetics of Orange II. When sodium nonanoyl oxybenzene sulphonate(NOBS) coexisted in the ricehull peroxidase(RPO) system, the decoloration rate of Orange II increased. In contrast, the addition of NOBS in the horseradish peroxidase(HRP) system did not increase the decoloration rate. The optimal coexistence conditions of NOBS in the RPO system were Tris/HCl buffer, pH 9.0, 6.7 × 10 M of NOBS, and 3.0 × 10 M of hydrogen peroxide. No positive effect of the DOBS coexistence in the RPO system was observed. The formed sodium p-phenolsulfonate in the RPO-NOBS coexistence system was further analyzed by HPLC. It is considered that an elimination group (sodium p-phenolsulfonate) formed by a bleach activator resolution reaction activated the RPO reaction and increased the decoloration rate of Orange II. The proposed decoloration mechanism of Orange II is as follows. NOBS disintegrates, and sodium p-phenolsulfonate and organic peroxy acid are formed. Sodium p-phenolsulfonate preferentially reacts with Compound I, forming a sodium p-phenolsulfonate radical. The sodium p-phenolsulfonate radical subsequently undergoes a radical reaction with Orange II. The formed organic peroxy acid causes the decomposition of Orange II radical. (Received 7 December, 2012 ; Accepted 12 June, 2013) # corresponding author * 北海道教育大学 Hokkaido University of Education Sapporo, Ainosato 5-3-1, Kita-ku, Sapporo 002-8502, Japan Mechanism of Dye Decoloration Reaction Using Peroxidase in the Presence of Sodium Percarbonate Bleach Activator Miyuki Morita , Takako Watanabe, and Akira Higashi 一般報文 過炭酸ナトリウム漂白活性化剤共存下における ペルオキシダーゼによる色素の退色反応機構 (35) SEN'I GAKKAISHI (報文)Vol.69, No. 8 (2013) 147 る. 以上から,本研究では,過炭酸ナトリウム漂白活性化 剤の効果を明らかにするために,POD漂白系への過炭酸 ナトリウム漂白活性化剤の影響と反応機構を検討した.


S6-01. Finn RS, Crown JP, Lang I, et al. The cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in combination with letrozole versus letrozole alone as first-line treatment of oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative, advanced breast cancer (PALOMA-1/ TRIO-18): a randomised phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(1):25-35. Turner NC, Ro J, André F, et al. Palbociclib in hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(3):209-219. Yardley DA, Noguchi S, Pritchard KI, et al. Everolimus plus exemestane in postmenopausal patients with HR(+) breast cancer: BOLERO-2 final progression-free survival analysis. Adv Ther. 2013;30(10):870-884.


This paper exploits a natural experiment to identify the causal effect of candidates' TV visibility in campaign on vote shares. Before the 2013 Italian general election, Pope Benedict XVI suddenly resigned, and politics TV coverage sharply dropped. The candidate whose communication hinged on TV (Berlusconi) lost 26 percentage points of visibility. This translated into a vote share loss of 2 percentage points, determining his defeat by 0.4 percentage points. The effect of TV visibility on votes is found to be negligible in absolute terms. However, it becomes pivotal in a close election, when information on candidates is more valuable.


physics? This problem, again, can be solved. We can then make an appeal to experience and identify the mode of time-measurement constructed by purely logical processes, as regraduated, with the time-measure T of ordinary physics. We are then able to account for the origin of this measure T of physical time if the universe as a whole exhibits the character of that kinematic entity in the presence of which the "laws of nature" in question were inferred to hold good. Modern astronomical research—we make our last appeal to experience—shows that the system of the nuclei of the extra-galactic nebulae may be identified with such a kinematic entity. The universe is thus fundamentally its own clock; and the distribution in it of matter-in-motion provides it with both a system of time-measurement and a set of dynamical (and gravitational) laws, and we thus realize Mach's ideal of ascribing gravitation and the laws of mechanics to the actual content of the universe. I should add that we cannot of course assess the motions of the contents of the universe by to-and-fro light-signals. Instead we observe red-shifts in spectra, and the investigation has to be completed by inferring certain of the laws of optics. The wheel of investigation comes full cycle: we end with the optical laws which will hold good amongst our observers' observations of the atomic absorption and emission processes at one another, and so verify that the constructed kinematic entity is realized in nature.


By using the RCS characteristics to classify roughly the ballistic targets in midcourse,the capability for distinguishing accurately the follow-up ballistic targets can be improved effectively.This paper proposes a rough classification of ballistic targets using the combination of RCS sequence standard deviation with its power spectral entropy,by means of setting up the three kinds of micro-motion models of common ballistic targets,and on the basis of the physical structure and flying attitude difference in the midcourse of various ballistic targets.The availability of this proposed scheme is proved by the experiments of ballistic targets'rough classification on those RCS sequences obtained by simulation,and finally,some useful conclusions are drawn in this paper.


Abstract. Taekwondo (TKD) is characterized as an intermittent and high-intensity sport in which predominates the execution of fast and explosive movements, with continuous movements and changes of direction (COD). Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the TSAT test, explosive strength, and 5-M line speed in national level TKD competitors of both sexes. Material and method. Through a correlational design, 14 competitors of both sexes who regularly compete in regional and national tournaments (age 19 ± 3 years; size 164 ± 10 cm; body weight 62 ± 10 kg; experience 7.2 ± 2.9 years), participated in this study. As indicators of explosive strength, squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) were evaluated, as well as the 5-m linear speed (5-M) and the taekwondo-specific agility test (TSAT). Results. Among the main findings of this study, a direct relationship (r = .70) between 5-M and TSAT and an inverse relationship (r = -.63) between SJ, CMJ (r = -.53), and TSAT were documented, respectively. Conclusions. Our data shows that the TSAT test is related to 5-m linear velocity and explosive force. Coaches should consider training these qualities, using similar exercises to develop agility in TKD competitors.


Abstract : The objective of this effort was to develop a purchase description delineating the operating parameters of a rescue tool in performing a realistic variety of aircraft crash rescue tasks. The data collected during the extensive series of field tests indicate that there is not presently a commercial rescue tool that can completely fulfill the Air Force crash rescue requirements. The intent of this effort was to evaluate the operational performance of each tool; quantification of tool design limitations was not part of this effort. A proposed purchase description accompanies this report. Keywords: Cutting jaw; Ballistic hose; Ingress; Egress; Cutting tools; Rescue equipment.


The primary purpose of the research is to investigate the impact of Islamic banking corporate governance on green banking in Iraq. In other words, the current study seeks to find an answer to whether corporate governance in Islamic banking can affect green banking in Iraq. For this purpose, the research method is applied based on the objective and descriptive survey. The statistical population of this research is all the managers, employees, and customers of the public and private banks of Iraq, and a total of 70 questionnaires have been completed and analyzed. The sampling method is non-random, and the available population was selected as the sample size. In this research, PLS tests have been used to investigate the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results indicate that corporate governance in Islamic banking has had a positive effect on green banking, meaning that the increase of corporate governance mechanisms in Iraqi Islamic banking increase the level of attention of Iraqi Islamic banks to green banking matters. The current research was conducted in Iraq's developing or emerging financial markets, which are highly competitive and under insufficient supervision.


Sorption isotherms for pure CO2 and pure CH4 in Kapton H® polymide films at 60°C are reported for pressures up to 20 atm and are analyzed in terms of the dual-mode sorption model. An experimental scheme for the measurement of steady-state permeabilities of both pure and mixed gas feeds is described. Permeabilities of Kapton to the individual components at 60°C are presented for a mixture comprised of 32.2% CO2 in CH4 as functions of feed pressure up to 590 psi (absolute). The permeabilities for the individual penetrants in the mixed feed are lower than the respective purecomponent values at the corresponding partial pressures. Furthermore, the permeabilities of both penetrants drop as the feed pressure is increased at constant composition. The dual-mobility transport model used to analyze the data postulates that the observed pressure and composition dependence of the permeabilities is due to competition between penetrants for a limited microvoid sorption capacity in the glassy polymer. It is demonstrated that in addition to flux depressions due to dual-mode effects, nonideality of the gas phase must be accounted for to explain the substantial flux depressions observed for the CO2/CH4 mixtured used in this study.


After 25 years from the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of communist regimes in many Central and Eastern European countries, we can trace the key aspects that characterized the transition and consolidation of democracy in single nations; in this sense, the transformation of media systems that occurred in post-communist countries in the early 90s could function as a paradigmatic example of how different national specificities—albeit within a bloc marked by the same economic and political model of dictatorship—shaped various paths of approach to democracy. According to Przeworski and Teune (1970) and their comparative approach theory, we will adopt a comparison between two so-called "most-similar systems" in order to emphasize differences and peculiarities that "may be taken for granted and difficult to detect when the focus is on only one national case" (Blumler & Gurevitch, 1995, p. 76). As the author has already underlined in a more complete version of this article (Carelli, 2013), Albania and Poland are two countries belonging to the same political model until 1989, but they faced a transformation of institutional, economic, and media system that took an opposite route, which confirms how historical and socio-cultural contexts within which media operate are important, as many authors said (Fickers & Johnson, 2010; Ornebring, 2009). Before starting a detailed comparison of the evolution of media systems in these two countries, we have to take into account the state of media in Eastern Europe during th regime, in order to identify the main differences among the single nations.


Significance The debate on the onset of plate tectonics in the Earth's history has partially originated from the controversial criteria of using felsic crust to trace plate tectonics in the past. Here, we demonstrate how Ti isotope ratios can be used as a proxy for the affinity of felsic rocks to plume or island arc settings. Our study shows that, contrary to what was previously assumed, Ti isotopes cannot serve as a direct evidence for plate tectonics from 3.5 billion years ago, and must be combined with other information on SiO2 contents of crustal rocks to be reliable. Indirect evidence for the presence of a felsic continental crust, such as the elevated 49Ti/47Ti ratios in Archean shales, has been used to argue for ongoing subduction at that time and therefore plate tectonics. However, rocks of intermediate to felsic compositions can be produced in both plume and island arc settings. The fact that Ti behaves differently during magma differentiation in these two geological settings might result in contrasting isotopic signatures. Here, we demonstrate that, at a given SiO2 content, evolved plume rocks (tholeiitic) are more isotopically fractionated in Ti than differentiated island arc rocks (mainly calc-alkaline). We also show that the erosion of crustal rocks from whether plumes (mafic in average) or island arcs (intermediate in average) can all produce sediments having quite constant 49Ti/47Ti ratios being 0.1–0.3 per mille heavier than that of the mantle. This suggests that Ti isotopes are not a direct tracer for the SiO2 contents of crustal rocks. Ti isotopes in crustal sediments are still a potential proxy to identify the geodynamical settings for the formation of the crust but only if combined with additional SiO2 information.


This study aimed to increase understanding of students' interactions in a physics microcomputer-based laboratory (MBL) specifically designed to be consistent with a constructivist theory of learning. The study was motivated by a perceived need to understand better how the materials and strategies support or constrain students construction of understanding. The teacher-researcher conducted the study with two of his Year 11 physics classes, comprising 15 students studying thermal physics and 29 students studying kinematics. Dyads of students worked at tasks using a predict-observe-explain (POE) format as part of the normal class program. Data included video and audio recordings during four 70-minute sessions for each class, students' written notes, semi-structured student interviews, and the teacher's reflections on each session. The study describes the actors and network relationships during task activities. An analysis of students' discourse identified features common to both domains of physics, while the findings about studentdisplay- teacher interactions are presented as a series of eight assertions. Finally, the researcher's interpretation of learning in an MBL leads to recommendations for teaching practice.


The finding in 1985 of a well-established population of Biomphalaria straminea in a pond in Grande Terre of Guadeloupe constitutes a new species record for the freshwater molluscan fauna of that island. The following years a rapid extension of the species was documented on Grande Terre and Marie Galante. However, it was never found in the neighboring island of Basse Terre. The invasion of the whole hydrographic system of this island by Melanoides tuberculata during the last decade and the current presence of well-established and dense populations of this snail may explain the failure of the colonization by B. straminea.


In order to improve the ability of tracking infrared small targets under a cloudy sky background.This paper proposes a novel Bayesian inference tracking framework based on sparse representation.To track the targets at each new frame,all of target candidates are sparsely represented by targets templates and trivial templates respectively,and which candidate with the smallest projection error is taken as the tracking target.A Bayesian framework is used in the whole tracking procedure.Several experiments demonstrate the proposed algorithm's efficiency.


This paper designs energy management system of the super capacitance in parallel hybrid electric vehicle,through dynamic instantaneous optimal control strategy,ameliorate the comprehensive efficiency of hybrid system,improve the vehicle fuel economy.Simulated using software matlab6.5 / advisor2002 modeling simulation and verify,which indicates that the super capacitor hybrid huge market prospects and practical significance.


Endogenous oxidants participate in endothelial cell migration, suggesting that the enzymatic source of oxidants, like other proteins known to control cell migration, requires precise subcellular localization for spatial confinement of signaling effects. We previously found that the NADPH oxidase adapter p47phox binds TRAF4, an orphan adapter whose congenital absence impairs ontogenic migration. Here, we report that both p47phox and TRAF4 sequester within nascent focal complex‐like structures in lamellae of motile endothelial cells. We recovered the focal contact scaffold Hic‐5 as a TRAF4 binding partner from a yeast two‐hybrid screen, and knockdown of either protein, disruption of the complex through ectopic expression of truncation mutants, or oxidant scavenging blocked cell migration. An active mutant of TRAF4 increased GTP loading of the Rho GTPases Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA, activated the NADPH oxidase downstream of the Cdc42/Rac1 effector PAK1, and oxidatively modified the Hic‐5‐associated focal contact tyrosine phosphatase, PTP‐PEST. Active TRAF4 stimulated robust membrane ruffling through Rac1, PAK1, the NADPH oxidase, and the tyrosine kinases c‐Src and Pyk2, while knockdown of PTP‐PEST increased ruffling independent of oxidase activation. Our data suggest that TRAF4 specifies a molecular address within focal complexes that is targeted for oxidative modification during cell migration.


Low Cost Fuel Composition Sensors for Smart Combustion Maxwell Daly, Anthony Jordan Mentor: Vince McDonell With new technologies having the ability to tap into previously unobtainable natural gas reserves, the opportunity to operate more natural gas fired burners is on the rise. However, not all natural gas supplies are composed of the same constituent gases and in the same proportions. For this reason it is important to be aware of the exact fuel composition entering a burner so as to be able to prevent hardware damage, maintain low emission readings, and maximize efficiency of the combustor. In this work, the development of an inexpensive sensor array that could measure the composition of natural gas in a manner sufficient to be applied in fuel flexible burner control systems is explored. While many very expensive sensors that could fulfill this role exist, ultrasonic sensors were eventually chosen due to their affordability and their unique physical properties in which they operate. By estimating the speed of sound within a given medium an ultrasonic sensor can be used to determine the composition of that substance. In order to replicate the various mixtures of natural gas, a mixing station was developed to combine the three main fuels comprising natural gas (methane, ethane, propane). After the simulated gas is created it flows through the sensor housing where the composition data is taken. The results obtained are evaluated to assess the extent to whether the ultrasonic approach is viable and the level of accuracy with which can be expected to perform while maintaining low cost.


The aim of this research was to elaborate a vegetable restructured protein with low cost leguminous plants, using cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Child malnutrition has it's origins on the scarcity of economic resources, the lack of various foodstuffs in one region and also due to the government's promotion and prevention policies that do not meet the full coverage of the most vulnerable regions. The raw and restructured materials were bromatologically characterized on three formulations: F1 (25% cowpea, 25% pea and 25% lentil), F2 (50% cowpea and 25% pea) and F3 (50% cowpea and 25% lentil). A sensory acceptance test was carried out with 50 potential tasters using a 9-point hedonic scale which evaluated attributes of appearance, color, aroma, texture and flavor. We used a randomized block design with three replicates, data were subjected to variance analysis and Tukey's test (p≤0.05). The lentil, pea and cowpea protein content was 30.94±0.30%, 28.96±0.16% and 26.21±0.40%, respectively. On the acceptance test with the hedonic scale, the tasters did not find significant differences (p≥0.05) between the attributes of color, appearance, aroma, texture and flavor. The Acceptability Index presented significant differences (p≤0.05) between formulations three and one and formulation two differed statistically (p≥0.05) from formulations one and three. The Only flavor had a significant difference (p≤0.05), in which formulation three was highlighted.


The invention discloses a bypass power generation process and system of dry-process rotary kiln cooperative processing of wet garbage. According to the process, the wet garbage is fed into a C5 discharge pipe, high-temperature alkali powder inside the C5 discharge pipe rapidly dries and alkalifies the garbage, the dry and combustible garbage enters a kiln tail smoke chamber along with the powder to be rapidly gasified and combust, high-temperature steam and combustion emissions generated by combustion are pumped into a bypass settlement flue, are processed by the bypass settlement flue and a bypass draught fan and are mixed into exhaust gas waste heat of a grate cooler head, then the blast capacity and the blast temperature are adjusted, then a steam boiler produces steam power for power generation, garbage not combusting out in time and ash combusting out enter a rotary kiln along with raw power materials to be combusted to be clinker, and hydrocarbon not combusting out in time ascends into a decomposing furnace to continue to combust out. The invention further discloses the bypass power generation system of the dry-process rotary kiln cooperative processing of the wet garbage. The method and system can solve the problems that urban life garbage affects the kiln condition and coal consumption is increased, and can effectively eliminate the problem that a kiln system is blocked by water and chlor-alkali in the garbage.


While the government ponders how much it will invest in nurses' pay modernisation, Adele Waters finds out what UK nurses can earn abroad.


Eighteen clinically healthy non-descript male dogs were equally divided into three groups. Uraemia was induced in all the groups by rupture of urinary bladder and post scrotal urethral ligation. The animals of group I, II and III were subjected to cystorraphy and release of post scrotal urethral ligation at 24, 48 and 120 h, respectively, post induction of uraemia followed by intramuscular administration of gentamicin @ 8 mg kg−1 b.w. for 5 days. Normal saline @ 25 ml kg−1 b.w. for 3 days and intraperitoneal dialysis with dialyzing solution (normal saline 1000 ml, inj. gentamicin 267 mg and heparin 5000 i.u.) @ 30 ml kg−1 b.w. for 3 days. Total leucocytic and erythrocytic count of peritoneal fluid significantly increased till terminal stage. With increase of leucocytes there was neutrophilia and monocystosis but lymphocyte percentage decreased. The biochemical analysis of peritoneal fluid showed hypoproteinaemia. Treatment in animals of group I and II at stage 1 and 2 caused return of peritoneal fluid values to normal at the completion of treatment. In group III animals where treatment was delayed, 3 animals died and the rest showed tendency towards normalcy regarding general condition and cyto-biochemical alteration of peritoneal fluid.


The role of salmonellosis in causation of abortions and infertility was investigated in 43 buffaloes and 110 cows. The isolation was successful from single abortion in a buffalo that yielded Salmonella typhimurium while 2 out of 7 aborted cows had S. dublin. From uterine discharges of 33 endometritic cows 2 isolates of S. typhimurium were identified. None of 18 samples from endometritis in buffaloes, 24 normally cyclic repeat breeding buffaloes, 56 normally cyclic repeat breeding cows, 8 cases of cervicitis in cows and 6 cases of vaginitis in cows revealed Salmonella infection. The antibiogram against 16 chemotherapeutics was also studied.


We present an operation mode with very small momentum compaction factor for the LNLS UVX electron storage ring under construction in Campinas, Brazil. We establish conditions for longitudinal single particle stability in this quasi-isochronous mode including second order longitudinal and transverse effects. The results indicate that it is possible to operate this ring with the momentum compaction reduced by a factor of 100 with respect to the normal operation mode.<<ETX>>


In this paper, we present a construction of hidden variable bivariate fractal interpolation functions (HVBFIFs) with function vertical scaling factors and estimate errors of HVBFIFs on perturbation of the function vertical scaling factor. We construct HVBFIFs on the basis of the iterated function system (IFS) with function vertical scaling factors. The perturbation of the function vertical scaling factors in the IFS causes a change in the HVBFIF. An upper estimation of the errors between the original HVBFIF and the perturbed HVBFIF is given.


This paper describes the overall efficiency improvement in Submersible pump sets with reduced cost by increasing the efficiency of the submersible motor using die cast rotor (DCR) technology. The important parameters responsible for the submersible motor characteristics like Efficiency, Locked rotor Torque, Slip etc., are compared with the existing Copper Fabricated Rotor (CFR) and proposed DCR in a 5HP 3phase wet type water cooled induction motors in accordance with IS 9283. The overall performance, possible efficiency improvements in Submersible pump sets and cost comparisons between the existing CFR and DCR's are also practically verified and reported in accordance with IS 8034. It is estimated that about 30 % to 40 % of electrical energy produced in India is consumed by motorized pump sets employed in agricultural sector (1). Pumps and pumping systems use 60% of the new motors in the OEM supply chain. Any improvement in efficiency of motor would therefore result in increased efficiency of the system at end use. Low-voltage motors of up to 37.5 kW consume most of the energy size, which offer maximum potential for energy savings. Most of the energy is consumed by low-voltage motors of up to 37.5 kW size which offer maximum potential for energy savings. One of the ways to address the problem of energy shortage is to reduce demand mainly by increasing end use efficiency. As motors are the largest users of the electrical energy, even small efficiency improvements can produce very large savings across the country, Energy conservation measures taken by individual consumers in this direction will increase the comprehenses of the national economy and benefit the environment on a global scale. The total number of irrigation pump sets in India during the year 2001 was 12.5 million. In the year 2002-03 the Annual power consumption was 118,059 GWh by Agri-pump sets, based on this information, the number of pump- sets works out to 15.7412 Million. The demand is seen to be increasing year after year and also the resulting shortage of electrical energy. In the states of Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat, the agricultural sector alone accounts for 37.45 % and 40 % of total power consumption respectively (2,3). Based on the statistics, the total electricity consumption during the year 2002-03 was 562,572 GWh and the consumption by Agri-pump sets was 118,029 GWh, which works out to only 20.98%. By considering the average connected load of the pump as 6.5 kW per pump set and 1800 pumping hours annually, the total power consumption by agri-sector will be 184,172 GWh, and the percentage works out to 32.7%, which reasonably matches with the other studies. Numerous field studies have revealed that 90% of the agri-pump sets used in India are far inefficient and are wasting power worth of Crores of Rupees. Because there is no energy classification for pumps due to large variety of pumping systems.


The present invention provides a plasma processing apparatus and processing method in the plasma treatment, a simple and low cost easy to start the high-frequency discharge, a stable sustain discharge, characterized in that the magnet segments (M 0 ) below (B M ) falling to just below the peripheral plasma region (PS B ), upward as a U-shaped rotary arrival circumferentially adjacent magnet segments (M E ) below (S pole). From the lines of magnetic force portion (Bm) (N pole) emitted segment magnets (m E ) below from falling to just below the peripheral plasma region (PS B ) starts up for U-turning side, arrival circumferentially adjacent magnet segments (m 0 ) below (S pole); in addition, from the outside of the magnet segments (m 0 ) below ( N pole) magnetic wire portion of the flights (B C ) from falling to the outside right below the plasma region (PS B ) starts to swing upward as the U-shaped, the radius of arrival direction adjacent inner magnet segments (m 0 ) below (S pole).


The present invention discloses a mobile packet system and method for intelligent terminal contacts. The method includes a wireless or wired connection to the client and the server, the smart identification system configuration, wherein the method further comprises: the address book synchronization client to a server; by the client discovery event data in the event information, extracts found ; intelligent recognition system based on the data information received data analysis, automatically grouping data according to the client address book information, via the communication server and a client, the packet information is synchronized between the client and the server; address book results database stored in the server group; and displaying the group information on the client.


Our study indicates the zooplankton abundance with characteristics of water column and the vertical distribution in Lake Jinyang, South Korea. Seasonal changes of zooplankton community are determined by environmental parameters like water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids and chlorophyll a. In lake Jinyang, this study showed that the zooplankton abundance in transition zone(St.1, St.2) was higher density than in lacustrine zone(St.3). Rotifers were dominant zooplankton and among them, Polyarthra spp., Keratella spp, and Nauplli(Copepoda) were common. But Cladoceran showed the low density. During survey period, zooplankton abundance with vertical distribution in surface layer(epilimnion) was higher than in bottom layer(hypolimninon). Zooplankton densities in Surface and middle layer showed positive relationship with water temperature and the densities in bottom layer(hypolimnion) showed positive relationship with chlorophyll a. Our assumption in spite of the short term study are supported by the facts that increase of temperature driven by climate change more maintains the thermocline duration by the summer temperature stratification. Thus the results suggest that the climate changes are an important source of changing zooplankton community feeding phytoplankton. So the zooplankton should be monitoring by the ecological management of Lake Jinyang to cope with climate changes like flood plain or drought.