Stability of 76 interior lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia Engelm.) provenances in resistance to western gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. More) Y. Hiratsuka) and needle cast (Lophodermella concolor (Dearn.) Darker) was investigated from 19 and 23 sites in the British Columbia interior, respectively. Provenances, sites, and provenance by site interaction had significant effects on severity level of infection of both diseases. Susceptible provenances contributed mainly to the interaction. The resistant provenances to both diseases were very stable and essentially homeostatic across sites (regression coefficient approaching 0). Resistant provenances were concentrated in the jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) - lodgepole pine hybrid zone and adjacent areas, and provenances from the low-elevation interior wetbelt were also very resistant to needle cast. Geographic patterns of provenance variation revealed that the closer a lodgepole pine provenance is to the limit of jack pine distribution...


Advances in information technology have been widely used in teaching health care providers. However, no reports were found on its use in the instruction on respiratory therapy. The purpose here was to develop audiovisual supporting material for teaching bronchial hygiene techniques (BHT) available through the internet. The material was organized into three modules: Physiological principles, Physiopathology, and BHT. Each module is available in several formats (online page, booklet and audiovisual resources) and is inserted in a collaborative learning environment at the internet. The opening online page has links for random access to the modules and to the booklet. The Physiological principles module has links to information on the mucociliary system, mucous formation and factors that affect the defence mechanisms. The Physiopathology module has links to access information on diseases that lead to hypersecretion. The BHT module has links to access information on techniques and videos. This multimedia material for teaching BHT, available through the internet, may ease respiratory therapy learning. However, an evaluation of its effectiveness is needed.


This document explores the use of the Transport Layer Security (TLS)
in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). We do so by outlining the
goals and the non-goals for the use of TLS and SIP. In doing so, a
number of open questions are encountered regarding the contents of
certificates and the behavior of SIP entities using such certificates.
We hope to foster discussion in the SIP working group on these issues.


The invention provides a bactericidal agent composition with tebuconazole, which comprises two components of A and B, wherein the component A is tebuconazole, the component B is selected from metiram and myclobutanil or polyoxin. The bactericidal agent composition with tebuconazole of the invention has the advantages of overall acting system, evident efficiency-increasing effect and little medicine-consuming amount, does not generate drug resistance after being continuous used and is used for preventing and curing various crop diseases, in particular to the prevention and cure of fleck leaf cast of apple trees.


The photocatalytic selective reduction of 3‐nitrophenol to 3‐aminophenol was studied in the presence of titanium dioxide in the form of various anatase and rutile compositions. The reaction progress is altered by various parameters, which can be classified as intrinsic (depending on the chemical, structural, and electronic features) and extrinsic (depending on the reaction and conditions). The goal of the studies was to understand the influence of intrinsic factors and to compare the performance of anatase and rutile materials. The (photo)electrochemical analysis revealed unequivocally the differences in interfacial electron transfer, charge recombination, reduction driving force, and methanol photooxidation efficiency for titania polymorphs. It appeared that all mentioned processes were phase‐dependent, and they contributed unequally to overall photocatalytic activity. In particular, methanol oxidation was the most efficient at the rutile phase, which overcame the critical limitation of the oxidation pathway and facilitated the reduction of 3‐nitrophenol. On the other hand, the dark electron transfer efficiency was highest at the anatase phase, despite the lower driving force in this case. The presented thorough and systematic analysis of the discussed photocatalytic system (the photocatalyst and the reaction) should allow the rational design of efficient and selective photocatalysts.


Abstract : A discussion is presented on a continuum theory with microstructure for wave propagation in laminated composites. Continuum model construction is based upon an asymptotic scheme in which dominant signal wavelengths are assumed large compared to typical composite microdimensions. A hierarchy of models is defined by the order of truncation of the obtained asymptotic sequence. Particular attention is given to the lowest order dispersive theory. The phase velocity spectrum of the general theory is investigated for one-dimensional wave propagation at various propagation angles with respect to the laminates. Retention of all terms in the asymptotic sequence is found to yield the exact elasticity spectrum, while spectral collation of the lowest order dispersive theory with the first three modes of the exact theory gives excellent agrement. (Author, modified-PL)


The indoor corrosion of silver components used in the manufacture of electronic devices represents a hard challenge for the electronic industry in Mexico. In this work, a case of silver corrosion occurring in a TV manufacturing plant was documented, analysed and diagnosed. The main pollutant present in the indoor environment of the factory was hydrogen sulphide, which causes rapid silver tarnishing due to the formation of silver sulphide corrosion products. Silver corrosion rates were evaluated by gravimetric assays and surface SEM and EDX analyses were performed to characterize the corrosion film. In order to control the corrosion process VAPPRO vapour phase corrosion inhibitors were used.


Adult Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha undertake extensive and energetically costly migrations between food resources in the ocean and their freshwater spawning habitats, requiring them to adapt behavioral and physiological traits that allow them to successfully reach their spawning streams and reproduce. Such adaptations may be shaped by physical factors in the environment and individualand population-specific biological characteristics. Chinook Salmon in North America are important resources for both United States and Canadian stakeholders, but relatively little is known about their freshwater migration patterns and energetic status in many rivers across their range. This research explored variation in migration timing and migration rates of Chinook Salmon in two Southeast Alaska transboundary rivers (Taku River, Stikine River), examined energetic status at multiple sampling locations in Alaska, and created and tested a predictive model for energetic status using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Migration timing was earlier for fish that spawned in more distant tributaries in both transboundary systems and the Taku River was earlier compared to the Stikine River. Migration rates decreased during periods of high flows, were slower for fish in the Taku River, and were slower in both systems in 2016 compared to 2015. Migration rates were faster for fish with spawning sites farther upstream when compared to those that spawned closer to the river mouth, but these rates decreased over time as fish swam farther upriver. Chinook Salmon (N = 129) sampled for energetic status at the beginning of their freshwater spawning migration had higher total percent lipid than those near the spawning grounds (ANOVA: F = 202.1, df = 3, P < 0.001), and total percent lipid and water were precisely predicted based on BIA measurements (R = 0.82, RMSE = 5.33; R = 0.78, RMSE = 2.43 respectively). The BIA model was tested to determine if it could be generalized between similar species, but this was found to be less precise than species-specific models. The


The number of people treated in hospital after violent injuries fell in England and Wales last year, a study has revealed.


This paper deals with the in-detail explorations of phenomenons that largely contribute to the creation of the media image of a chosen allowance organization working in the sphere of maintaining public cultural services. The paper aims at discovering quantifiable data concerning the means of originations and variables of the organization's media image. To do so, it takes use of methods of quantitative content analysis. However, by meeting the above mentioned target the paper is still incomplete because the identified measurables will lead to the set of recommendations that aims with use of public relations tools primarily at cultivation of the current media image of the chosen organization, but will cover the other means of communication as well.


Antigenic surface properties of Staphylococcus aureus strains grown in milk whey were compared with TSB‐grown bacteria using immuno‐gold electron microscopy. It is shown that colloidal gold (CG) particles coated with polyclonal antibody raised against Staphylococcus aureus surface antigen expressed in vivo bound to the surface of S. aureus strain F1440 grown in milk whey, but not to homologous bacteria grown in TSB. S. aureus strains grown in milk whey agglutinated in the presence of the polyclonal antibody, whereas the corresponding bacteria grown in TSB did not agglutinate. Immuno‐gold particles did not bind to milk whey‐grown bacteria treated with periodate. Periodate‐treated milk whey‐grown bacteria did not agglutinate in the presence of the polyclonal antibody, whereas periodate treatment had no effect on TSB‐grown bacteria.


Research has been done on machinability of two different kinds of free-cutting steels by using coated cutting tool at the condition of different cutting parameters. Orthogonal tests are adopted in order to compare the cutting performance of the two materials. The cutting force, surface roughness, chip morphology and tool wear are investigated, which reveal the influence of Pb and other composition on machinability. The experiment shows that 1215 has more or less better performance than 12L14. It is of great significance for the development of environmental friendly products.


Research has shown that children with cochlear implants (CI) use the same phonological processes as normally hearing (NH) peers with respect to consonant cluster development. However, the incidence of those phonological processes has not been examined in the literature thus far. Furthermore, a quantified comparison between both groups of children is missing in the literature, as well as studies on the spontaneous speech of Dutch-speaking children with CI.


A reactor parameter simulation system (RPSS) has been developed in SAS" with the pwpose of analyzing serially· correlated signals, decomposing those signais into deterministic and stochastic components, and reconstructing new signals that possess the same correlation structure as the original signals. The RPSS provides (I) a simulation tool for plant control strategy development, and for safetystudy investigations of transient events (such as a degraded sensor) and (2) a vehicle for filtering serial correlation from reactor signals, which is important in our ongoing development of expert systems for sensor-operability surveillance. The power and utility of theRPSS is demonstrated on signals from ANL's EBR-II nuclear reactor and verified through various statistical tests.


A series of shaking table tests of earthen embankment founded on saturated sand ground was perfomed. Six reduced scale models were subjected to different input accelerations. The results of this experimental study show the followings : (1) when the model is subjected to shaking, the ground beneath the embankment does not liquefy, whereas the ground in the free ground easily liquefies, (2) the soil that has liquefied exhibits sharp response acceleration, (3) embankment slumps and cracks as a result of softening of the underlying ground associated with porewater pressure generation. The extent of such damage is more extensive when subjected to an earthquake input motion of vibrational type with longer duration and lower frequency. Further, the experimental response of the models and especially the spiky accelerations are explained by using an inverse technique to reconstruct the local response of soil from measured data. This inverse technique shows that the spiky accelerations were caused by cyclic mobility effect and that the liquefaction largely depends on the spatial variation in stress condition.


The aim of the study is to measure the serum zinc levels in children with simple febrile and epileptic seizures and compare them with controls. A prospective, case-control study was conducted between in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai were 50 subjects of 6 months to 5yrs of age group age matched and sex matched were included in the study (15 with febrile seizures, 15 with epileptic seizures and 20 controls). Serum zinc level was estimated using atomic absorption spectrometry and data was analysed with SPSS package. Mean serum zinc level in children with, simple febrile seizures, epileptic seizures and controls were 32·1, 79·8 & 88·9 μg/dL respectively with a significant p-value of 0·001. Serum zinc levels are lower in children with febrile seizures than in those with epileptic seizures and normal children.


For practicing euthanasia on infants with disabilities,the basis and reasoning could be grouped into 3 kinds of rationality: instrumental rationality,rationality of rule of law,ethical rationality.In reality,the urgent need for the government is to improve the legal system so that the "euthanasia on infants with disabilities" can be legalized or to increase investment to accommodate all children with severe disabilities.


The first detailed food study of the Eurasian Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) in Brasov, the Transylvanian Basin, Romania is reported. The diet comprised of mostly mammals (20 mammal species, 83.7% by number), with a small proportion of birds (15.9%), reptiles and amphibians (0.3%) and arthropods (0.1%). Rodents dominated the diet spectrum, with rats (Rattus spp.) being the most frequent (38.2%), followed by the Eurasian Hamster (Cricetus cricetus) 16.5%, the Field Vole (Microtus arvalis) 8.3%, as well the group of wood mice species complex (Apodemus spp.) 7%. The mammalian component of the diet was the most important also in terms of biomass (83.4%). Besides the rats and the Common Hamster, the Hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) and the European Hare (Lepus europaeus) were an important component of the diet. Smaller mammals, reptiles, birds and arthropods made up a small portion of the diet in terms of biomass. The diet composition, compared to similar studies, suggests the possible importance of habitat complexity and prey species diversity for the maintenance of eagle owl populations. The results suggest that the Eurasian Eagle Owl is also capable of exploiting species well adapted to urban environments.


Yingyao Chen and colleagues examine what can be learnt from China's approach to funding expensive high technology medicines with uncertain long term benefit


We develop an asymptotically chi-squared statistic for testing moment conditions E[mt(θ0)]=0, where mt(θ0) may be weakly dependent, scalar components of mt(θ0) may have an infinite variance, and E[mt(θ)] need not exist for any θ under the alternative. Score tests are a natural application, and in general a variety of tests can be heavy-tail robustified by our method, including white noise, GARCH affects, omitted variables, distribution, functional form, causation, volatility spillover and over-identification. The test statistic is derived from a tail-trimmed sample version of the moments evaluated at a consistent plug-in θˆT for θ0. Depending on the test in question and heaviness of tails, θˆT may be any consistent estimator including sub-T1/2-convergent and/or asymptotically non-Gaussian ones, since θˆT can be assured not to affect the test statistic asymptotically. We adapt bootstrap, p-value occupation time, and covariance determinant methods for selecting the trimming fractile in any sample, and apply our statistic to tests of white noise, omitted variables and volatility spillover. We find it obtains sharp empirical size and strong power, while conventional tests exhibit size distortions.


We achieved the heterologous expression of Magnaporthe oryzae CYP51 B gene in E.coli.By the anaysis of transmembrane domain and homology modeling,the different lengths of MgCYP51 Bgene were truncated,nine recombinant expression plasmids were successfully constructed to achieve the heterologous expression.The results showed that only the pET28-MgB-83 could express in different host strains and the amount of protein expression was the largest in the BL21(DE3)pLysS.The analysis showed that rare codons and secondary structure stability of mRNA translation initiation region could affect the expression of MgCYP51 B.The E.coli Rossetta(DE3) which is good for expression of rare codons is not suitable for the optimal expression of MgCYP51 B,while only the pET28-MgB-83 which has the lowest free energy of mRNA structure could successfully express the recombined proteins.We successfully achieved the heterologous expression of Magnaporthe oryzae CYP51 Bgene in E.coli,and vertified the effect of rare codons and stability of mRNA secondary structure of the translation initiation region on the expression of MgCYP51 B.


The Jupiter Observing Velocity Experiment (JOVE) is a solar-powered technology demonstration of rapid flight to outer solar system targets, performing a flyby of Jupiter 30 days after launch. This is achieved using a magnetic drag device to accelerate with the solar wind plasma. This "Wind Rider" propulsion system can potentially also decelerate against the Jovian magnetosphere dawn eddy, to enable Jupiter orbital insertion in future missions. The 16U cubesat bus contains scientific instruments to record the plasma parameters from the vicinity of the spacecraft, with principal measurements coming from a SPAN-I ion velocity sensor. This paper includes a description of the propulsive mechanisms and supporting subsystems and trajectory simulation results derived from solar wind measurements over the past two solar cycles. The objectives of the JOVE technology demonstrator design include: (1) verify Wind Rider stability and control; (2) characterize loss mechanisms in the solar wind, such as resistive losses in the plasma, as well as the magnetic field transient interaction time; (3) operate onboard instruments to measure the velocity and direction of the solar wind (SPAN-Ai) and speed of the spacecraft relative to the Earth (radio Doppler shift), to enable precision navigation on future science missions; and (4) characterize the Lift-to-Drag ratio of the plasma magnetic field. (The lift force enables lateral course control and maneuvering within the solar wind.) Applying existing scientific data from Voyagers and other deep space probes into new engineering models was important for enabling new insights about Wind Rider propulsion. It enables more science to be performed in a shorter amount of time, across the Jovian system.


Moral Development and Reality explores the nature of morality, moral development, social behavior, and human connection. By comparing, contrasting, and going beyond the prominent theories mainly of Lawrence Kohlberg, Martin Hoffman, and Jonathan Haidt, the author addresses fundamental questions: What is morality, and how broad is the moral domain? Can we speak of moral development (Kohlberg, Hoffman), or is morality entirely relative to diverse cultures (Haidt)? What are the sources of moral motivation? What factors account for prosocial behavior? What are the typical social perspective-taking limitations of antisocial youths, and how can those limitations be remedied? Does moral development, including moments of moral inspiration, reflect a deeper reality? Exploring these questions elucidates the full range of moral development, from superficial perception to a deeper understanding and feeling. Included are foundations of morality and moral motivation; biology, social intuitions, and culture; social perspective-taking and development; the stage construct and developmental delay; moral exemplars and moral identity; cognitive distortions, social skills deficiencies, and cognitive behavioral interventions or moral education; and, finally, near-death experiences and the underpinnings of the social and moral world.


INTRODUCTION: Significant benefits of companion animals (i.e., pets) for older adults are recognized and publications on Animal-Assisted Intervention, Animal-Assisted Activities and Animal-Assisted Therapies with older adults are growing. Studies on housing and community- residing older adults with companion animals from a non-utilitarian perspective on other animals, however, are rather limited.METHODS: For this scoping review, we used a Critical Animal Studies perspective, in particular, a trans-species social justice framework to address two questions: "What are the scope and size of the literature on housing for community living older adults with companion animals?" and "What is known from the existing literature?" We searched peer-reviewed publications from 1980 to 2019 by using MEDLINE, PsychINFO, ProQuest and Scopus.FINDINGS: Six works from Canada, Aotearoa New Zealand and US met our criteria. A disturbing reality was discovered: Restrictive leasing ('no pets' for rental housing) among low-income older adults with companion animals in public housing has persisted for the last 40 years and prevents them from accessing affordable housing. Also, the discourse of pets as problems or risk seems to justify prohibiting older adults from living with companion animals.CONCLUSION: Utilising the concept of speciesism and a trans-species social justice framework for analysis, we argue that intersectional institutional oppression of speciesism and classism is a root cause of the situation. Justice for older adults cannot be achieved without justice for their companion animals. Future studies in human–animal relations and education and practice in social work need to incorporate ideas of speciesism and justice beyond humans.


The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a 6.5m, segmented, IR telescope that will explore the first light of the universe after the big bang. 2014 is an incredible year for the Telescope Alignment, Integration, and Test portion of the program. Long awaited and planned, the two segment Pathfinder telescope will be built and the Optical Ground Support Equipment (OGSE) will be integrated into the large cryo-vacuum chamber at the Johnson Spaceflight Center. The current status of the integration equipment and the demonstrations leading up to the flight-like Pathfinder telescope will be provided as the first step to the final verification of the complex cryo test equipment. The plans and status of bringing the OGSE on-line and ready for a series of risk reduction cryo tests starting in 2015 on the Pathfinder Telescope will also be presented.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore contemporary metaphors used in career literature pertaining to career development in an international context.Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative interviews with thirty‐seven skilled self‐initiated expatriates in one geographical location were conducted and used for data analysis.Findings – The metaphor of a "river" more aptly captures the career development directions and influences experienced by skilled self‐initiated expatriates.Originality/value – The paper provides an analysis of career development influences which impact on the career direction of self‐initiated expatriates. It provides useful information and recommendations for career (international career) academics and practitioners with regards to career development influences to be considered with regards to skilled self‐initiated expatriates.


The objective of this essay is to show the strong core concept that characterizes a dogmatic... though juridical being. I propose links among theology, fiction stories and dogma. Also, I propose a number of key distinctions to understand the intellectual nature of the work of the legal-dogmatic analyst. At the same time, I advocate the thesis that the legal dogma must be self-conscious about the kind of knowledge it deals with, and about its intellectual and practical relevance. My main argument recognizes the mostly "normative" nature that characterizes the intellectual dogmatic undertaking. For this, I point out how such nature must be characterized. Additionally, I argue that this nature requires, as a complement, a sound theory of argumentation, a theory of democracy and the support of some kind of plausible ethical objectivism.


The researchers aimed to determine the communication skills and emphatic tendency in the 200 students of Physical Education School (ngirl=50, nboy=50) and Fine Arts Faculty (ngirl=50, ngirl=50). Communication Skills Assessing Scale and Emphatic Tendency Scale were used as instruments in the study. The researchers gave information about the aim and scope of the study to the students, and then they completed the scales in the classrooms. The scores of communication skills for physical education and fine arts students were: xboy= 71,80±12,07; xboy= 56,42±9,99 and xgirl= 68,24±12,18; xgirl= 59,16±11,33 respectively. It meant a significant difference at p< 0,001. Emphaty skills scores for physical education and fine arts students were: xboy= 70,86±12,28; xboy= 62,52±11,49 and xgirl= 69,16±12,35; xgirl= 64,46±11,18 respectively. It meant a significant difference at p< 0,001 for boys and p< 0,05 level for girls. As a general result, the scores of physical education and fine arts students for communication skills were x= 62,99±10,89; x=58,51± 9,08 and they are x= 70,67±10,06 and x=64,18± 9,34 for emphaty skills (p< 0,01). As a result there were significant differences between physical education and fine arts students considering communication and emphaty skills, both for sex. We think that the more frequency of physical education students" participation in sports settings where many social relations are provided give them more oppurtunity to develope and improve their communications skills when compared with fine arts students. Yet, future research on this subject is suggested.


This article contains a continuous-time optimal and adaptive control scheme for underwater vehicles moving in six degrees of freedom. The control scheme is an extension of the algorithm of [4] and a modification of the algorithm found in [6]. The algorithm is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the state errors and the forces which contribute to the vehicle's kinetic energy that is spend to correct these errors. The performance measure does also contain a term which penalizes the quadratic tracking errors proportional to the rate of energy which dissipates from the system due to damping.


In this study we examine the effects of retinoids on purified CD34+ human hematopoietic progenitor cells. All-trans retinoic acid inhibited granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced proliferation of CD34+ cells in short-term liquid cultures in a dose-dependent fashion with maximal inhibition of 72% at a concentration of retinoic acid of 1 pmol/L. Although no significant effects were observed on granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSFIinterleukin-3or stem cell factor (SCF)-induced proliferation, the combinations of G-CSF and each of these cytokines were all inhibited. Moreover, retinol (3 pmol/L) and chylomicron remnant retinyl esters (0.1 pmol/L) in concentrations normally found in human plasma also had inhibitory effects. Single-cell experiments showed that the effects of retinoic acid were directly


Objective:To explore the diagnostic method and etiology about Potter′s syndrome.Methods:A pregnant woman with severe oligohydramnios was found at 21 weeks.Amnioinfusion was performed for ultrasound examination.Cordocentesis was performed before termination of pregnancy,and postmortem examination was done.Results:The amniotic volume was normal after three times of amnioinfusion.Ultrasound examination showed absence of bilateral kidneys and bladder.The pregnancy was terminated at 26 weeks.Chromosomal analysis found the fetal karyotype is 46,XX.Postmortem examination showed a female fetus with features of Potter′s syndrome,bilateral renal agenesis was confirmed.The fetal bladder and urethra and bilateral renicapsule and ureter were found absent also.At the same time,the genital anomalies were found,the fetal uterus and bilateral tubo-ovarian were absent.Conclusion:Combine with literature,Potter′s syndrome can be prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound,amnioinfusion is beneficial for prenatal ultrasound diagnosis.The etiology about Potter's syndrome is unknown,chromosomal analysis and postmortem examination are benefit to explore the etiology.


Oligo(ethylene oxide) chains were introduced into the phenyl ring of the poly (phenylene vinylene) (PPV) derivatives to obtain electronic and ionic conductive liquid crystalline PPV derivatives. Thermal decomposition of all PPV derivatives occurred before isotropic melt. A typical texture of the liquid crystalline phase was not shown but birefringence was observed below the thermal decomposition temperature. Exhibition of a smectic phase for the polymers having triethylene or tetraethylene oxide chains was supported by X-ray measurements. Electronic conductivity of the PPV derivatives doped with I2 and ionic conductivity of the mixture of these polymers and LiClO4 were also discussed.


The identification and modeling of the terrain from point cloud data is an important component of Terrestrial Remote Sensing (TRS) applications. The main focus in terrain modeling is capturing details of complex geological features of landforms. Traditional terrain modeling approaches rely on the user to exert control over terrain features. However, relying on the user input to manually develop the digital terrain becomes intractable when considering the amount of data generated by new remote sensing systems capable of producing massive aerial and ground-based point clouds from scanned environments. This article provides a novel terrain modeling technique capable of automatically generating accurate and physically realistic Digital Terrain Models (DTM) from a variety of point cloud data. The proposed method runs efficiently on large-scale point cloud data with real-time performance over large segments of terrestrial landforms. Moreover, generated digital models are designed to effectively render within a Virtual Reality (VR) environment in real time. The paper concludes with an in-depth discussion of possible research directions and outstanding technical and scientific challenges to improve the proposed approach.


The well known Haldane map from spin chains into the O(3) nonlinear sigma model is generalized to the case of spin ladders. This map allows us to explain the different qualitative behaviour between even and odd ladders, in exactly the same way as it explains the difference between integer and half-integer spin chains. Namely, for even ladders the topological term in the sigma model action is absent, while for odd ladders the parameter, which multiplies the topological term, is equal to , where S is the spin of the ladder. Hence even ladders should have a dynamically generated spin gap, while odd ladders with half-integer spin should stay gapless and physically equivalent to a perturbed Wess - Zumino - Witten model in the infrared regime. We also derive some consequences from the dependence of the sigma model coupling constant on the ladder Heisenberg couplings constants.


In the face of the alienating effects of the current globalization it is appropriate to assess the brutal historical experience of Spain's conquest and colonization of America. From that confrontation were born innovative mixtures, unanticipated metamorphoses and the polymorphous reality to be seen in today's Latin-American cultures. Utopia, in the context of the globalization we are now experiencing, is composed of interculturalism, the very many opportunities for exchange and cross-fertilization. Traditional utopian discourse must henceforth reconcile the universal values of reason with passions, differences, fragmentation and the diversity of cultures.


This paper presents an over-current protection circuit of a motor by using a Hall sensor..A AT89C51 Microcomputer is used as the controller of the system.The system is well-isolated with the main loop.It is a low-cost system and is stable and reliable.


This chapter assesses how the Atlantic world of Dutch and British colonies followed the west European pattern of emancipation. Jews were spread across numerous colonies. The thirteen British colonies were not preponderant: each of the communities of "Curaçao, Surinam and Jamaica had more Jews in the mid-eighteenth century than all of the North American colonies combined." In the British colonies of Canada, Jamaica, and the thirteen colonies, Jews achieved civil rights largely without controversy or conflict. In contrast, Jews organized and campaigned for political rights. In the early American republic, Jews received rights state by state, in Canada colony by colony. In the United States and Canada, political rights were linked to disestablishment of the church and the enactment of religious equality. In Jamaica, it was entwined with race relations.


The invention relates to a glue mixing control device in a capsule production system and a control method of the glue mixing control device. The device is provided with an agitator, a water feeding electromagnetic valve and the control device body, wherein the control device body receives a viscometer signal, the agitator receives a control instruction output by the control device body to regulate the rotation speed, and the water feeding electromagnetic valve receives the instruction of the control device body to be opened or closed. The control method includes the following steps that viscometer information is collected; whether the viscosity is larger than a set value or not is judged; if the viscosity is larger than the set value, whether the rotation speed of the agitator is at high speed or not is judged; if the rotation speed of the agitator is not at high speed, the water feeding electromagnetic valve is controlled to be opened; if the rotation speed of the agitator is at high speed, the water feeding electromagnetic valve is controlled to be closed. According to the glue mixing control device in the capsule production system and the control method of the glue mixing control device, automatic control is achieved, the viscosity of glue is stable, the thickness of the wall of a formed capsule is even, the quantity of waste products is reduced, and the output is improved.


In a previous paper, a 2% w/w replaceable high molecular mass linear polyacrylamide solution (high molecular mass LPA) was used to achieve long readlengths for DNA sequencing by capillary electrophoresis (E. Carrilho et al. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 3305–3313). In that work, the polymer was prepared by polymerization in water at 6% w/w, followed by dilution to 2% w/w. In this study, an improved method for preparation of high molecular mass LPA was developed, based on inverse emulsion polymerization. With this polymerization procedure, the LPA results in a molecular mass of approximately 9 MDa with characteristics of a fine powder of high purity and practically unlimited shelf life. Using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and viscosity measure ments to characterize the polymer, good batch‐to‐batch reproducibility was found. It was observed that the viscous polymer solutions made from these high molecular mass polymers require careful preparation and handling because the method of dissolution could affect the molecular mass distribution and the resultant separation of DNA components. Solution containing 2% w/w of LPA made by emulsion polymerization were simple to prepare resulting in excellent performance as a replaceable matrix for DNA sequencing by capillary electrophoresis. The viscosity of the polymer decreased exponentially when pressure was applied. allowing easy replacement from a capillary using a syringe. With a properly prepared matrix, a read‐length on morethan 1000 bases in 80 min with an accuracy better than 97%, and better than 99% for the first 800 bases, could be achieved.


Introduction: Family communication patterns (FCPs) play an important role in reducing the risk-taking behaviors of teens, Jingzhen Yang, Associate Professor, University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center, Iowa City, IA, and Associate Professor, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. Shelly Campo, Associate Professor, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. Marizen Ramirez, Assistant Professor, University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center, Iowa City, IA, and Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. Julia Richards Krapfl, Health Educator, Center for Advocacy and Outreach, Blank Children s Hospital, Des Moines, IA. Gang Cheng, Doctoral student, University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. Corinne Peek-Asa, Director, University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center, Iowa City, IA, and Professor, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa,


The National Curriculum Statement (NCS) for history, in accordance with the pedagogy of Outcomes Based Educat ion (OBE) and Curriculum 2005 (c2005), aims to make history learner-centred , emancipatory and skills-based . The inclusion of oral history in the Further Education and Training (FET) phase speaks to this methodology and aim , along with addressing the need to rewrite South Africa 's history and acknowledge the biases that exist in th \~ written record. This study aimed to determine the percept ions, opinions and experiences in the implementation of oral history in the FET phase in selected schools in KwaZuluNatal (KZN) through the 'voices' of history subject advisors , history teachers and former history learners. To determine such perceptions, opinions and experiences, the methodology of qualitative research was employed . This included convenient sampling , semistructured interviews and a document study. Data and document analysis followed, using the -nethcds of coding . The research revealed that while the sampled history subject advisors , teachers and former learners view oral history in the FET classroom in a posit ive light, problems and difficulties are being encountered. The implementers of oral history and of all official curriculum policy documents are the subject advisors and the teachers . The various levels of implementation that take place based on the


This article presents results of experiments carried out to test the vision-based method of camera-space manipulation using a fully three-dimensional rigid-body mating task. In this work, the performance of the method under various operating conditions is studied experimentally using a large six-axis manipulator. Further, an analytical study is carried out to understand the influence of relative orientation of cameras and their number on the terminal positioning precision expected with the method.


Microcanonical analysis is a powerful method for studying phase transition of finite-size systems. This method has been used so far only for studying the phase transition of an equilibrium system, which can be described by a microcanonical entropy. I show that it is possible to perform microcanonical analysis of a nonequilibrium phase transition, by generalizing the concept of microcanonical entropy. One-dimensional asymmetric diffusion process is studied as an example where such a generalized entropy can be explicitly found, and the microcanonical method is used to analyze the phase transition of the steady state.


This article aims to reconstruct a possible interpretation of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism through the concept of elective affinity, which, as I have read, records fundamental implications for social science thinking. I argue that, in contrast to mechanical descriptions, Weber's model sought to capture social phenomena through interactions between elements with heterogeneous qualitative properties. This effort, in turn, bears a very strong resemblance to the operation of social science models examining the functioning of complex systems. In line with this, I proceed as follows: first, I briefly outline the backbone of the argument of The Protestant Ethic, and then, through the concept of elective affinity, show how it can be fitted into one of the defining lines of current social science approaches. In line with this, I attempt to discuss the argument of The Protestant Ethic in the context of agent-based models. I argue that Weber's approach can be seen as essentially a prototype of agent-based modeling.


Comparing with the chapter"Managing Place"that puts focus on the principle of"exquisite and appropriate",this chapter does not mean to put forward a new topic,but attempts to elaborates on the"ingenuity"in"Managing Place"from the perspective of the female in Lao-tzu's theory.In addition,this chapter tries to borrow the idea from the female perspective in Su Shi's theory of"chasing the ingenuity",so as to supplement the rough understanding from the male perspective on"Managing Place".


The invention provides a variable pitch propeller of a fixed-wing aircraft. The variable pitch propeller comprises a paddle, a paddle shaft sleeve, a paddle clamp, a drive mechanism and a transmission mechanism, wherein the paddle shaft sleeve is sleeved at one end of the paddle and fixedly connected with the end of the paddle; the paddle clamp comprises an upper paddle clamp blade and a lower paddle clamp blade; the paddle shaft sleeve is arranged between the upper paddle clamp blade and the lower paddle clamp blade; a rotating mechanism rotating between the upper paddle clamp blade and the lower paddle clamp blade is arranged at the outer side of the paddle shaft sleeve; the drive mechanism is connected with the paddle shaft sleeve through the transmission mechanism; the transmission mechanism comprises a bevel wheel, a first straight gear, a second straight gear and a worm; the bevel wheel is arranged on the paddle shaft sleeve; the first straight gear is connected with the drive mechanism; the second straight gear is meshed with the first straight gear; the worm is fixed on the paddle clamp; one end of the worm is fixedly connected with the second straight gear; the other end of the worm is meshed with the bevel wheel. The variable pitch propeller is matched with the worm and the bevel wheel. The teeth of the worm are continuous helical teeth, so that the variable pitch propeller is stable to drive, vibration, impact and noise of the transmission mechanism are reduced, fuel oil is saved, and carbon emission is reduced.


This chapter makes the case for engaging teacher candidates with matters of personal identity and integrity, using explorations of the paradox of self and role, in teacher education programs dominated by a focus on professional knowledge and skills, based on the analysis of interviews with novice teachers.


Osteoarthritis (OA) is a slowly progressive degenerative disease characterized by gradual loss of articular cartilage. Since the OA lesion is often localized to weight-bearing cartilage or to sites of trauma, repetitive mechanical injury has been proposed as the critical signal for the initiation and progression of OA. It is now generally accepted that the chondrocyte is the target of these abnormal biomechanical factors, and that biochemical and genetic factors also contribute to alterations in the normal functional activities of these cells. Although OA has been regarded primarily as a noninflammatory arthropathy, symptoms of local inflammation and synovitis are present in many patients and have been observed in animal models of OA. Even in the absence of classic inflammation, which is characterized by infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into joint tissues, elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines have been measured in OA synovial fluid. Although the OA cartilage lesion is present at sites remote from the synovium, the fibroblastand macrophage-like synovial cells, as well as the chondrocyte itself, are potential sources of cytokines that could induce chondrocytes to synthesize and secrete cartilagedegrading proteases, cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators. These synoviumand chondrocyte-derived products represent potential targets for the development of therapeutic agents, such as proteinase inhibitors, cytokine antagonists, and cytokine receptor blocking antibodies, which could be used to prevent or retard the progression of the OA articular lesion. This review will focus on evidence that implicates chondrocyte responses to cytokines in the pathogenesis of OA and will discuss the potential therapeutic applications of these findings.


A novel coplanar‐waveguide (CPW)‐fed circularly polarized (CP) asymmetric square‐ring patch antenna for radio frequency identification applications is presented. The circular polarization radiation is obtained simply by loading an asymmetric square‐ring on the opposite side of the CPW‐fed structure. The asymmetric square‐ring consists of a square‐ring and two bevels, which greatly contributes to pure circular polarization characteristics. For the optimized antenna prototype, experimental results show that the 10‐dB return loss and the 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidths are 10.2% (2.29–2.54 GHz) and 6.9% (2.33–2.5 GHz), respectively, which agree well with the simulated results. Detailed design results of the proposed antenna have been studied by high frequency structure simulator and experiments. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1232–1235, 2014


Abstract Herein, we expound the theory of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) and their detection with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction as a molecular staging approach. We discuss the molecular markers that have been used for CMC detection focusing on the use of these markers for multiplex detection analysis. Finally, we comment on the contradictory data of CMC detection studies in the literature and we propose possible solutions which may contribute to the clinical significance of CMC detection in patient management. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:1–11.


Some new characterization properties of the exponential distribution based on two non-adjacent m-generalized order statistics (consequently m dual generalized order statistics), m ̸= −1, coming from two independent exponential distributions are derived. The result of this paper provides a beneficial strategy to predict the failure time of some survived components in a lifetime experiment by using the result of another independent lifetime experiment.


Spiders of 12 families, 42 genera, and at least 62 species were captured in linear-pitfall traps placed in insecticide-treated 3 (Sevin-4-0il®, Dipel 4L ®, Thuricide 16B®) and untreated spruce-fIr forests of west-central Maine. Species richness per family ranged from I (Theridiidae, Araneidae, Salticidae) to 19 (Erigonidae). Most trapped species were web-spinners (67.2%); most trapped individuals were hunters (75.2%). Lycosidae accounted for 66.1 % of all (n = 887) captured spiders. Total trapped spiders varied among insecticide treatments, sampling dates, and study sites. However, comparison of mean prespray and postspray trap catches indicated no signifIcant reduction (ANOVA, ANCOVA, P 0.05) in terricolous spiders following insecticide treatments. Increases in spider abundance during postspray sampling periods may have masked detection of treatment effects. Spiders are among the dominant predatory arthropods in many terrestrial communities (Gertsch 1979). Despite their ubiquitous occurrence and potential economic importance (Riechert 1974), few investigations have been made of the spiders associated with forest communities in North America. For northeastern forests, Loughton et al. (1963), Renault and Miller (1972), and Jennings and Collins (1987) provide lists of arboreal spiders associated with spruces (Picea spp.) and with balsam fir (Abies balsamea). Only one in-depth study has been made of the terricolous spider fauna of spruce-fir forests in Maine (Jennings et al. 1988). Since the mid-1950's, numerous chemical and microbial insecticides have been aerially applied to suppress popUlations of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), in Maine's spruce-fir forests. Carbaryl (Sevin-4-0il@) and various formula tions of the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner (hereafter, B. t.) have been sprayed from fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters (Trial et al. 1979, Dimond et al. 1981, Dimond 1982, Maine Forest Service 1981). Because both pest and nontarget organisms may be affected, numerous studies have addressed the effects of these insecticides on pollinators, parasites, and predators. [For reviews of carbaryl and nontarget organisms, see Trask (1982); for B. t. and nontarget organisms, see Dulmage and Aizawa (1982), Krieg and Langenbruch (1981), Morris (1982).] The effects of carbaryl on spiders in Maine's spruce-fIr forests were investigated by Hydorn (1979); the effects o B. t. on spiders in Ontario's fIr-spruce forests were studied by Buckner etal. (1974). Because most spiders are obligate predators that feed chiefly on insects (Gertsch 1979,


The weighing on-vehicle calibration equipment for wheel force transducer(WFT),and the principle and structure of its data acquisition system are introduced.The designs of hardware and software are introduced in detail.With the mixed-signal MCU of C8051F005,the core of the acquisition system,both of the data of WFT and weighing platform are acquired synchronously and then sent to the host——a notebook PC through RS232 interface.On-vehicle calibration tests for wheel force transducers are performed on the equipment.


Abstract : This report discusses the development of an instrument, the soil surface moisture determinator (SSMD), that provides soil surface moisture independent of the microstructure of the surface. Such an instrument was needed because the reflection characteristics of soils and sands depend on the moisture and microstructure of the surface layer; and under natural conditions; the many surfaces of different slope and exposure that account for the soil surface layer interfere with a simple relation between soil moisture and reflection. Tests performed with the SSMD show that the instrument can provide knowledge of the moisture content of the soils with one simple measurement. The results of the measurements do not provide information on the moisture condition within the soil, but the knowledge of the moisture of the surface layer can readily be correlated with all remotely detected data. (Author)


The biomass production and the content of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg of provenances of Eucalyptus grandis and E. saligna were evaluated, at 78 months of age, in five sites of São Paulo State. The highest productivity was observed in that site with clay soil and highest level of soil exchangeable potassium and nutrient reserves. The second best site was similar to the first, except for the nutrient reserves, which was slightly lower. The other three sites constituted a third group of sandier soils with lower nutrient reserves. This grouping encompasses climatic characteristics, soil physical and chemical characteristics that influence the supply and the capacity of soil moisture retention favoring the transport and absorption of water and nutrients. The observed yield was more affected by site characteristics than by the genetic potential of the SCIENTIA FORESTALIS n. 56, p. 155-169, dez. 1999 Biomassa e conteúdo de nutrientes de procedências de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus saligna em alguns sítios florestais do Estado de São Paulo Biomass and nutrient content of provenances of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus saligna on different sites of São Paulo State Reynaldo Campos Santana Nairam Félix de Barros Júlio Cézar Lima Neves 156 n Biomassa de eucalipto em São Paulo provenances tested. The nutrient content in the stem was greater on the best site, for all the genetic materials, and showed a close relation with biomass production. Calcium and potassium are nutrients, which could most limit productivity of the next rotation when harvesting the stem. However, the limitation can be substantially reduced, especially for calcium, if only stemwood is harvested. The results indicate that debarking in the field is desirable to protect the soil and to add, approximately, on average, 14t/ha of slash, which contains 58% calcium, 47% magnesium, 27% phosphorus, 22% potassium and 14% nitrogen, of the aboveground portion.


Various types of Ti-containing zeolites, i.e., Ti-MWW, TS-1, Ti-MOR, and Ti-BEA, have been evaluated as candidates for the liquid-phase oxidation of cyclohexane using t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP, 7–8 wt %) as model oxidant. Ti-MWW zeolite displayed the highest activity for cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone (KA oil) with an overall selectivity higher than 90% at 80 °C, making this catalyst a candidate of choice for industrial KA oil production by deperoxidation of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide. The effect of the reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount, and catalyst stability on Ti-MWW was surveyed in detail. The Ti-MWW catalyst showed a stable performance and could be recycled at least four times without detectable Ti leaching and loss of structural stability. The active sites for cyclohexane oxidation appeared to be located near external 12-ring cups in the Ti-MWW framework as suggested by a series of position-selective poisoning tests with tripropyl- and triphenylamine, impelling cyclohexane diffusi...


Background and purpose: Acute renal failure after cardiac surgery is a dang erous condition that increases mortality and hospital costs. The present study aim ed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factor s of acute renal failure in patients with open-heart surgery in Sari 2012. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study with available data was performed on 250 patients who referred to cardiac surgery department in Fatima Za hra Hospital, Sari, Iran from April to March 2012. Creatinine levels, before and 3 days after surgery and associated fact ors, were collected using demographic and medical data list. After data collection their analysis was performed using Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney and t-test . Results: In this study, 58.8% of the patients were males an d 41.2% were females. The mean age of subjects was 60.75 ± 9.87. The most commonly associated disease was hypertension. The prevalence of renal failu re was 15% (in the first 48 hours after surgery). Results showed that age, history of hypertension and the am ount of intra operative blood transfusion have been correlated wi th acute renal failure. Conclusion: In this study, acute renal failure after open-hear t surgery was 15%. This disorder can cause problems for patients and their family and rise hea lth care costs. The recognition of risk factors and treatments are keys to reduce adverse outcomes.


The fourth in the Institute for Development Anthropology's monograph series, this book provides social science analysis of recent rural development in South-West Asia and North Africa, covering such topics as water-user associations, integrated rural development, large-scale irrigation schemes, agricultural credit, oasis development, pastoral sedentarization and urbanization, resettlement, wage labour migration, household dynamics, co-operatives, agricultural research and the rise of national identities.


This paper systematically analyzed the problems of air pollution,the variety of pollutants and their harms to mankind and environment,pointed out that air pollution was one of main factors to inhibit city's sustainable development,described the technical and non technical countermeasures of preventing air pollution in city


In this paper, we study the performance of various IDA*-style searches and investigate methods to improve their performance by predicting in each stage the threshold to be used for pruning. Without loss of generality, we consider minimization problems in this paper. We first present three models to approximate the distribution of the number of search nodes by lower bounds: exponential, geometric, and linear, and illustrate these distributions based on some well-known combinatorial search problems. Based on these distributions, we show the performance of an ideal IDA* algorithm and identify reasons why existing IDA*-style algorithms perform well. In practice, we will be able to know from experience the type of distribution for a given problem instance, but will not be able to know the parameters of this distribution until the instance is solved. Hence, we develop RIDA*, a method that estimates dynamically the parameters of the distribution, and predicts the best threshold to be used in each stage. Finally, we compare the performance of several IDA*-style algorithms—Korf's IDA* and RBFS, RIDA*, IDA*_CR and DFS*—on several application problems, and identify conditions under which each of these algorithms will perform well.


Stratospheric aerosol concentrations obtained on seven balloon soundings by in situ photoelectric counting of individual particles and jet impaction with later electron microscope analysis have been compared. The potential error sources in the two sizing techniques appear sufficient to explain the observed differences in concentration. This implies an underestimate in the impactor-derived precollection radius (for sulfuric acid aerosol) of about 25% relative to the photoelectrically determined radius in the two ranges r > 0.15 μm and r > 0.25 μm. The variance in impactor-derived column loadings is determined by comparison of the impactor and photoelectric detector loadings; over the 10- to 28-km altitude range, for example, this gives an error estimate of ≈ ± 18% for a 95% confidence level. An estimate of the flight-to-flight accuracy of the impactor sizing models is also determined from the loading comparison.


Can African media make world history again? This is the challenge being faced by media activists in September 2011, when they hope to mobilise a critical mass of voices in support of global official recognition of a "World Day of Access to Information".


The performance of cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)was summarized.Among the perovskite type cathode materials,Mn-based materials had better high temperature operation characteristics.Co-based materials had fine catalytic performance at low temperatures and electric conductive characteristics,but the chemical and structural stability was poor.Fe-based materials had fine chemical and structural stability,but the catalytic performance at low temperatures should be improved.The investigations of other types of complex oxide cathode materials were also in progress.


The crime of harboring,transferring,covering up narcotics drugs or gains from criminal activities has become an important accusation among drug crimes.The article is to discuss the concept,constitution,differences between the crimes;some acts violated administrative law and other crimes,quantity of crime.


PURPOSE
It has been recommended that diagnostic and screening test batteries for auditory processing disorder (APD) include a measure of temporal gap detection using broadband noise stimuli. Although psychophysical laboratory procedures exist for the measurement of temporal resolution, none are clinically feasible. This study was designed to obtain preliminary data on a new clinical measure of gap detection, the Adaptive Test of Temporal Resolution (ATTR).

METHOD
The ATTR, a currently available clinical test (Random Gap Detection Test), and a standard psychophysical laboratory procedure were used to measure gap detection thresholds (GDTs) from a group of 30 young adults with normal hearing.

RESULTS
Mean ATTR GDTs were 2.2 ms, consistent with GDTs measured using the psychophysical laboratory procedure (3.2 ms) and significantly smaller than those measured using the Random Gap Detection Test (7.0 ms).

CONCLUSIONS
Because it incorporates standard adaptive psychophysical methodology in a computer application that can be used on any desktop computer but does not depend on specialized hardware for application, the ATTR promises to be a clinically feasible addition to the APD test battery.


It has been found that the Stacey reciprocal K-primed EOS is consistent with the experimental data for bulk modulus and thermal pressure as it yields correct values for volume expansion at high temperatures. The comparison of calculated values with the experimental data has been presented in case of NaCl, KCl, MgO, CaO, Al 2O3 and Mg 2SiO 4. It is also emphasized that the two equations mimicking the Stacey EOS recently used by Shrivastava [ Physica B , 404 (2009) 251] are in fact originally due to Kushwah et al . [ Physica B , 388 (2007) 20]. The results obtained for the thermal pressure using the Kushwah EOS are in good agreement for all the solids under study.


The benzyl proton shifts in 11 series of para-substituted toluenes bearing different α substituents have been determined. In each series, a plot of the benzylic shift against the Hammett σ values of the para-substituent is linear. The slope of these plots varies from 0.2 to 0.0 p.p.m./σ. The variation is found to be conformationally dependent, a fact which is not explicable by current theory. A hyperconjugative interaction is proposed to account for these results and for several anomalies in the literature.


The utility model relates to a stator punching sheet, which comprises a stator core and a winding. The stator core is provided with an annular rim and a plurality of teeth inwardly and radially extending from the rim, wherein a stator slot is defined between every two adjacent tooth pairs respectively. The winding is arranged inside the stator slots and is wound around at least three teeth out of the plurality of teeth of the stator core. The stator core and the winding together form a quadrupole, a sextupole or an octupole. The outer diameter of the stator core is within the range of 110 mm to 140 mm. The inner diameter of the stator core is smaller than 74 mm. According to the utility model, the area of the stator slots is increased, so that the diameter of the copper winding can be larger. Therefore, on the premise that the performance of a motor is kept unchanged basically, the cost of the motor is lowered. The utility model also relates to a motor provided with the above stator punching sheet.


Visible-light-induced halide-exchange between halide perovskite and organohalide solvents has been studied in which photo-induced electron-transfer from CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) to dihalomethane solvent molecules produces halide anions via reductive dissociation, followed by a spontaneous anion-exchange. Photo-generated holes in this process are less focused. Here, for CsPbBr3 in dibromomethane (DBM), we discover that Br radical (Br•) is a key intermediate resulting from the hole-oxidation. We successfully trapped Br• with reported methods and found that Br• is in continuous generation in DBM under visible light irradiation, hence imperative for catalytic reaction design. Continuous Br• within this halide-exchange process is active for photocatalytic [3+2] cycloaddition for vinylcyclopentane synthesis, a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, with good yield and rationalized diastereoselectivity. The NCs photocatalyst is highly recyclable due to Br-based self-healing, leading to a particularly economic and neat heterogeneous reaction where the solvent DBM also behaves as a co-catalyst for perovskite photocatalysis. Halide perovskites, notable for efficient solar energy conversion, herein are demonstrated as an exceptional photocatalyst for Br radical-mediated [3+2] cycloaddition. We envisage such perovskite-induced Br radical strategy may serve as a powerful chemical tool to develop valuable halogen radical-involved reactions.


It is possibly among the vegetatively propagated "orphan crops" that transgenic technologies can have the biggest impact. Despite their importance as sources of both food and income for billions of people in the tropical and subtropical regions, yields in these crops, which include cassava (Manihot esculenta), plantains (Musa spp), sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas), taro (Colocasia esculenta), and yams (Dioscorea spp), have increased by less than 30% over the last 40 years. This contrasts with rice and wheat, which benefited greatly from investment during the Green Revolution and realized yield improvements of at least 80% and 100% respectively over the same period (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004). The vegetatively propagated food crops therefore have a largely untapped potential for improvement in both quantity of production per unit area and for development as commodity products within developing economies. How can this potential be exploited, and how can the resulting benefits be passed to farmers and consumers in developing countries? In this article, we will use the root crop cassava as an example of the progress being made and the challenges faced in attempting to bring the potential of biotechnology to bear on vegetatively propagated crops. Great promises made by proponents of agricultural biotechnology—from both the private and public sectors—cite such potential as justification for continued investment into research and development in this field. It is hoped that this article will illustrate some of the realities involved in attempting to deliver on this rhetoric. Production of enhanced germplasm through conventional breeding is problematic in the vegetatively propagated crops. Cassava, in common with the other species listed above, is characterized by strong heterozygosity and inbreeding depression. Breeding programs in cassava consist of crossing elite parents and screening thousands of first-generation progeny for desired characteristics (Ceballos, Iglesias, Perez, & Dixon, in press). Although important contributions to disease resistance and harvest index have been achieved in this manner (Jennings & Iglesias, 2002; Kawano, 2003), many believe that transgenic technologies offer the key to unlocking the full potential of cassava. Insertion of genetic material by direct gene transfer allows beneficial traits to be integrated rapidly into elite germplasm without changing the genetic background of the mother plant. In this way, desired traits can be introgressed into elite parent material prior to sexual crossing or into the products of a breeding program that lack a specific trait required by farmers. In other cases, existing farmer-preferred landraces and varieties can be modified to perform better in a given environment. An example of the latter approach is the introduction of transgenic resistance against cassava mosaic viruses into susceptible landraces grown by small farmers in Africa or into cultivars grown for commercial-scale starch production in southern India. Biotechnology also allows the introgression of beneficial traits not accessible through conventional means, such as herbicide tolerance and Btimparted resistance against stem borers and hornworms (Taylor, Chavarriaga, Raemakers, Siritunga, & Zhang, in press). Nigel Taylor, Lawrence Kent, and Claude Fauquet Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis The production of genetically modified cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plants is routine in the advanced laboratories that invested in this technology during the 1990s. The ultimate aim of those engaged in cassava biotechnology is to develop and deliver improved planting materials to farmers in the tropical regions. Transgenic plants are now being produced that express traits with potential agronomic importance. Although good science will remain an essential basis for this goal, if farmers are to benefit from this investment, it is essential that researchers and others involved in these programs adopt a mindset geared towards product development and delivery. The first field trials of cassava are now under way. This paper examines the major challenges facing public sector research organizations engaged in the transgenic improvement of cassava.


These remarks, though, deal with details and are somewhat outside the scope of the study undertaken by Cameron and his collaborators. They do not detract from its value. Though the book deals with several countries in which conditions varied widely, Mr. Cameron deserves congratulations for keeping his team so well in hand and producing a work which exhibits a remarkable unity in method, analysis, and approach, a feat which enables the reader to make fruitful comparisons and to draw conclusions grounded on a solid knowledge of the more pertinent facts.


According to the features of forestry trade,we should ascertain the technology indexes concerned as well as capital estimation method,estimate forest resource capital timely and exactly,and figure out the true capital value.This article quite comprehensively and systematically introduces the utilization of market law in timber forest property appraisal and determines its weight using the analytic hierarchy process and the pessimistic interrelatedness analysis method.APH and GPA can be used in the plan optimization and provides a new kind method which could be quantified for plan optimization,thereby ensure that scientific literature and rationality of appraisal.


Re-Os isotopic systematics is the best tracer on studying the ophiolitic peridotite because,in contrast with the geochemical properties of Sm-Nd,Rb-Sr,U-Th-Pb and Lu-Hf,all of which are incompatible elements,Os is a compatible element in most mantle melting processes,so that it generally remains in the mantle,whereas the much more incompatible Re is extracted and enriched in the melt.This system therefore provides information that is different from,and complementary to,what we can learn from Sm-Nd,Rb-Sr,U-Th-Pb and Lu-Hf.Four points of progress have been made on the application of Re-Os studying on the ophiolite. First,determining the Re-Os characteristics of the ophiolite in which peridotites are low Re/Os and ~(187)Os/~(188) Os ratios,whereas lavas are high Re/Os and ~(187)Os/~(188)Os ratios;Secondly,dating of PGM within the ophiolitic chromitite by Re depleted ages supports the idea that the complicated ultramafic rocks of ophiolite are produced by multistage partial melting of mantle;Thirdly,measuring ~(187)Os/~(188)Os of MORB and the sulfides in abyssal peridotites (AP) indicate that there is no gap between the MORB and the most AP with higher ~(187)Os/~(188)Os ratios than DMM(0.1246),and gap still occurring between MORB and some AP with lower ~(187)Os/~(187)Os ratios than DMM, namely,Re-Os study on the ophiolite provides a new constraining on the geochemical relations on the residual peridotites and lavas; Finally,revealing that the ophiolitic peridotites contain the older sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM),this case is not previously known before Re-Os analyzing.Although the Re-Os isotope made progresses on studying the ophiolite,more problems,such as dating the Phanerozoic ophiolitic peridotites,still want to be done further work due to the short time of application of Re-Os study on the ophiolite.


These are lecture notes written at the University of Zurich during spring 2014 and spring 2015. The first part of the notes gives an introduction to probability theory. It explains the notion of random events and random variables, probability measures, expectation, distributions, characteristic function, independence of random variables, types of convergence and limit theorems. The first part is separated into two different chapters. The first chapter is about combinatorial aspects of probability theory and the second chapter is the actual introduction to probability theory, which contains the modern probability language. The second part covers conditional expectations, martingales and Markov chains, which are easily accessible after reading the first part. The chapters are exactly covered in this order and go into some more details of the respective topic.


Serum albumin is a major determinant of hospitalization in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Previous reports generally use the Poisson model to evaluate the relationships between outcome and response variables. However, hospitalization data are often overdispersed, and few studies using appropriate methods exist in the literature.This retrospective cohort study included 426 patients with ESRD receiving hemodialysis treatment between 2014 and 2018. Using a negative binomial regression model with hierarchical multivariable adjustments, we investigated the relationship between serum albumin, hospital admissions, and total hospitalization days. Mean age and mean baseline serum albumin levels were 64.7 ± 11 years and 3.5 ± 0.5 g/dL, respectively. At least one hospitalization was identified in 402 (94%) patients. The incidence rate was 1.48 (95% CI, 1.41‐1.56) admissions per patient‐year during the follow‐up period of 5 years. A negative linear association was observed between serum albumin and hospitalization frequency. Hospitalization rates (95% CI) were 1.81 (1.65‐1.98), 1.44 (1.3‐1.59), 1.36 (1.22‐1.51), and 1.33 (1.2‐1.48) per patient‐year in serum albumin levels ≤3, 3.1 to ≤3.3, 3.4 to ≤3.7, and ≥3.8 g/dL, respectively. Case mix‐adjusted incidence rate ratio was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.70‐0.94), while it was robust to further adjustments for malnutrition and inflammation markers. Similar results were observed in hospitalization days and time to the first hospitalization. These findings, which result from the negative binomial model using overdispersed data, suggest that lower serum albumin is related to increased hospitalization rates and hospital days in incident hemodialysis patients.


Abstract A cotorsion theory is defined as a pair of classes Ext-orthogonal to each other. We give a hereditary condition (HC) which is satisfied by the (flat, cotorsion) cotorsion theory and give properties satisfied by arbitrary cotorsion theories with an HC. Given a cotorsion theory with an HC, we consider the class of all modules having a special precover with respect to the first class in the cotorsion theory and show that this class is closed under extensions. We then raise the question of whether this class is resolving or coresolving. AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 18G15. Secondary 18E40


Objective To observe the clinical effect of enteric-coated Bifida.triple viable capsules in the treatment of symptomatic diarrhea in infants with bronchial pneumonia.Method 156 clinical cases were randomly divided into treatment group(84 cases) and control group(72 cases).The control group was treated with normal therapy,and the treatment group was treated on the basis of normal treatment with enteric-coated Bifida.triple viable capsules.Result The total curative rate of treatment group was 82.2%,which was significantly higher than the 58.3% of control group(χ2=10.7,P0.01).Conclusion Enteric-coated Bifida.triple viable capsule has remarkable effect in treatment of symptomatic diarrhea in infants with bronchial pneumonia.


Introduction: Dysregulation of the lipid metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF);however, the role of free fatty acids (FFA) is not well defined. Aim: to investigate the role of FFA in the pathogenesis in IPF Methods: Fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed with Agilent 7890/5975 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and HP-5 MS 30 m * 250 µm * 0.25 µm column (Agilent 19091S-433) in the lung tissues of controls (n=10) and IPF patients (n=10). To evaluate the function of FFA, human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells) were treated with TGF-s1 (5 ng/ml) and/or FFAs including palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Cell viability and protein expression were measured via MTT assay and western blot analysis, respectively. Results: Although the levels of palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were elevated, the level of stearic acid was significantly reduced in the lung tissues of patients. Palmitic acid, oleic acid or linoleic acid significantly enhanced the TGF-s1 induced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and collagen type-1 in MRC-5 cells;however, stearic acid significantly reduced them. Moreover, palmitic acid and linoleic acid increased the TGF-s1 induced proliferation of MRC-5 cells, but stearic acid decreased it. Stearic acid significantly inhibited the levels of p-Smad2/3 in MRC-5 cells treated with TGF-s1. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that FFAs may have effects on pulmonary fibrosis by regulating TGF-s1 induced activation and proliferation of fibroblasts and be implicated as potential therapeutic targets in IPF.


1. A heat exchange reactor for carrying out endothermic or exothermic reactions comprising a housing defining an external reactor wall (1), a plurality of heat transfer tubes (2) disposed within said casing, for supplying or removing heat in catalyst beds (3, 3 ') arranged , at least outside (3) said heat transfer tubes (2), and built-in elements (4) which are elongated elements, extend parallel with respect to the heat transfer tubes and disposed in the outer periphery of said catalyst bed (3) , Wherein said built-in elements are peripheral heat transfer tubes through which a heat exchange medium and said heat exchange medium is a gas flowing countercurrently to the flow of process gas passing through said layer katalizatora.2. Reactor according to claim 1, wherein heat transfer tubes (2) are double-tubes so that the solid particles forming catalyst beds (3, 3 ') are disposed both outside (3) heat transfer tubes (2) and inside (3 & apos; ) of said heat transfer tubes (2) .3. Reactor according to claim 1, wherein the solid particles forming the catalyst bed are provided as a catalyst bed outside (3) pipes are elongated heat transfer plates (2) but not inside (3 ') of heat transfer tubes (2) .4. The reactor of claim 1 wherein the internals (4) are disposed in direct contact with the external reactor wall (1) .5. Reactor according to one of claims 1-4, wherein the built elements (4) have a substantially triangular or semicircular cross sechenie.6. The steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising: (a) forming a combined gas (5) in a heat exchange rea


Sustainable development and sustainability entrepreneurship are the hot topic in the academic literature. With high importance of the context where entrepreneurships operate, it is vital to study sustainability beyond the border of the developed countries. On the one side, transition economies are complex places to start sustainable startups. On the other side, transition economies are lagging behind in sustainable development and thereby create opportunities to bring new and radical solutions. This paper used a qualitative method, single-case study, based on the empirical data from three companies in Russia. This research shades light on the role of sustainability in the process of the development of sustainability entrepreneurship firms. This paper concludes that there are several aspects that are influenced by the experience from the abroad and presence of the foreign MNEs in the transition economy. Moreover, cultural and societal differences of transition economies also forces sustainability entrepreneurs to adapt to these characteristics, and create different pathways of value proposition. (Less)


BackgroundAs a secure vehicle of probiotics, breast milk can provide babies with the Lactobacillus which can not only colonize and inhibit the pathogenic bacterial infection in infant's intestines. The purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence and probiotic properties of Lactobacillus spp. of maternal breast milk in the Uyghur population, Xinjiang China, by using culture method. Results Based on repetitive genomic fingerprinting PCR (rep-PCR), a total of 198 isolates of L actobacill us from 31 different lactation of breast milk samples of Uighur in kashi region of Xinjiang were classified into 11 genotypes, which were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum (82 isolates, prevalence: 61.3%, mean relative abundance: 45.4%, genotype: 3), Lactobacillus brevis (75, 41.9%, 38.1%, 4), Lactobacillus oris (37, 32.3%, 15.1%, 3) and rare Lactobacillus vaginalis (4, 9.7%, 1.4%, 1). From colostrum to mature milk, the number and species of Lactobacillus showed an uptrend, from mature milk to late milk, a downside was found in Lactobacillus. The relative abundance of L. fermentum decreased throughout lactation, while L . brevis showed an opposite trend. Three isolates were randomly selected for each genotype to estimate antimicrobial activity (33 isolates in total). Among the isolates, 20 isolates exhibited broad antibacterial spectrum with inhibition halos >10 mm against most indicator pathogens, which were selected for assessing probiotic properties. Nineteen isolates showed the resistance to vancomycin and co-trimoxazole, and KM66 ( L . brevis ) was resistant up to 5/8 antibiotics. KM147 ( L. brevis ) and Y3 ( L. fermentum ) strains were selected as potential probiotics by combining lysozyme, acid and bile salt tolerance. Conclusion Species composition and prevalence of Lactobacillus varied with the study subjects throughout lactation phase. The deliberately selected Lactobacillus strains from breast milk may have a great potential as probiotics to inhibit pathogen infection in infants.


In order to know modern college students' moral ideas on love affair,sexual morality and sexual health education,our research group made a sample survey on the college students studying in Lanzhou University,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Northwest Minorities University and Lanzhou Teachers College in 2003.Based on the analysis of the investigation findings,this paper discusses the problems in modern students' sexual ideas and puts forward some possible solutions.


Image rejection circuit for bluetooth low intermediate frequency receiver is described.It includes modified Gilbert mixer (using folded-cascode output) and G m-C complex filter,and direct current coupling between mixer and filter is realized.The chip is fabricated with TSMC 0.35μm,single-poly CMOS digital technology.The simulation and measurement results show that the image rejection ratio IMRR20dB and the requirement of the bluetooth receiver is satisfied.The circuit consumes 27mW under the supply voltage of 3.3V.


My team and I are always preaching the doctrine the consistent and predictable lead generation "engine." The fact is this: Even the most creative branding and awareness-building program won't produce the desired results unless you can efficiently work...


In this paper we present a system that attempts to facilitate knowledge sharing and learning within interconnected communities. The communities are evolved in the system as their members create and improve both the content and the structure of their information spaces. Users of the system who experienced membership in multiple communities provide connections between the information spaces of those communities. The system provides communication facilities and implements advanced features such as personalization and recommendations.


Abstract This note compares equatorial Pacific surface wind changes around 1977 in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and the Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) observations. Significant discrepancies are found in wind changes over the equatorial central and eastern Pacific. In the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, the easterlies weakened over the eastern equatorial Pacific, while the southerlies strengthened over the north equatorial central Pacific. As a result, the low-level convergence and precipitation decreased over the equatorial central Pacific. These wind and precipitation anomalies are opposite to those derived from the COADS observations. Independent observations of ocean heat content are used to validate the changes in equatorial zonal wind, and it is found that the zonal slope of the thermocline in an ocean model forced by the COADS wind is more consistent with ocean observations than forced by the reanalysis wind. The equatorial wind biases are also identified in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis climatology,...


The essays in this volume explore the nature of perceptual imagination and perceptual memory. How do perceptual imagination and memory resemble and differ from each other and from other kinds of sensory experience? And what role does each play in perception and in the acquisition of knowledge? These are the two central questions that the essays in this volume seek to address. One important fact about our mental lives is that sensory experience comes in (at least) three central variants: perception, imagination, and memory. For instance, we may not only see the visible appearance of a person or a building, but also recall or imagine it in a visual manner. The three types of experience share certain important features that are intimately linked to their common sensory character, many of which distinguish them from thought. Among these features are their apparent presentation of external objects or events (rather than propositions about them), their perspectival nature, that is that they present the world from a certain point of view, and their connection to one (or more) of the sense modalities, such as by having some modalityspecific content and phenomenal character. But there are also important differences among the three types of sensory experiences. Most notably, there is usually taken to be a fundamental divide between perceptions, on the one hand, and recollections and imaginings, on the other. Perceptual experiences are typically taken to be distinct from imaginative and mnemonic ones in that they present objects with a certain sense of immediacy. When we see objects, they seem to be present directly before us in our environment; while the objects of our memory or imagination don't seem to exist now in front of us they may be given to us as being located in the past or in some imagined world or in some location in this world other than our environment (although we may imagine that objects are now in front of us). This difference in kind between perceptual experiences, on the one hand, and memories and imaginings, on the other, is often accompanied by certain differences 1


The flow generated by a sphere descending uniformly in a linea rly stratified diffusive fluid is inves- tigated numerically for different Reynolds (Re) and Froude (F ) numbers. The parameters used for the simulations were 10 1 � Re � 10 and 10 2 � F � 10 2 , keeping the Schmidt number, Sc (= 700, typical of sea water) fixed. The results demonstrate drag dependence on viscosity and stratification, suggesting that changes in these parameters would be intimately related to the phenomena of zooplankton vertical movement in the ocean.


There are significant advantages to a consolidated institutional approach to the management of municipal solid waste transfer and disposal in large metropolitan areas. Both operational and environmental benefits can be achieved. On the other hand, it is argued that collection services do not necessarily benefit from centralization, since there are only limited economies of scale. Furthermore, there is abundant evidence that the private sector can provide conventional collection services more efficiently than the public sector. This paper examines a model of decentralized collection and centralized transfer and disposal that is in place at Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A. and which is being applied in Monterrey, Mexico. The partial application of this model in the Federal District of Mexico City is also examined. Lessons are drawn for the application of such a model to metropolitan areas in other developing countries.


The structure of gas-phase gold clusters of size $\ensuremath{\sim}20$ is studied by density-functional global optimization in the full configuration space. The putative global minimum of ${\mathrm{Au}}_{20}$ is confirmed to be a tetrahedron $({T}_{d})$ independently of the choice of the exchange-correlation functional, whereas the structure of the low-lying excited states depends on the theoretical approach. The peculiar stability of ${T}_{d}$ is rationalized in terms of the synergic effects of $s\text{\ensuremath{-}}d$ hybridization and electronic shell closure. Calculations on ${\mathrm{Au}}_{16}$ and ${\mathrm{Au}}_{18}$ show that ${T}_{d}$ ${\mathrm{Au}}_{20}$ possibly represents a ``unicum'' in the sequence of gold clusters.


According to China's "Medium-and Long-term Nuclear Power Development Program (2005-2020)",nuclear energy development in China will take the technical line of closed nuclear fuel cycle. This paper discusses the significance of closed nuclear fuel cycle,and briefly introduces development trends in the world. This article also discusses the opportunity to construct spent fuel reprocessing plant;equilibrium of plutonium production and consumption;adaptability and economics to use MOX fuel in the thermal neutron reactor. Some suggestions are put forward to the overall development of nuclear energy in China.


The use of non-thermal irradiation technologies such as microwave may simplify the process of sugarcane juice clarification. Thus, the aim of this study was to purify sugarcane juice by microwave radiation in order to produce sugar and ethanol. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test with significance level 0.05. As regards the original and processed material it was analyzed for: turbidity, color, total soluble solids (Brix) and pH, as well as microbiologically. The results showed that the microwave in the tested conditions did not promote the sugarcane juice clarification and, also, it had a significant increase in ° Brix.


In this paper, we present the Dynamic Injection Model (DIM) and its variant the Static Injection Model (SIM). DIM is a model that allows any iterative block cipher to accept a variable length secondary key, this is achieved by injecting the block cipher with keyed transformation functions. A transformation function can vary in strength from a simple xor function to a complete block cipher. The transformation functions modify the input or the output of some (all) round functions of that cipher using the secondary key. SIM is a variant of DIM, where the transformation functions and the secondary key length are determined in the design time. We used the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to demonstrate the usage of DIM and SIM models. Keywords—AES, DIM, SIM, multiple keys encryption.


Both Kalman and Lainiotis filters arise in linear estimation and are associated with linear systems. In this paper, we investigate the partition of linear systems into lower dimensioned independent linear systems. We study the effects of partitioning on filter behaviour and computational burden. It is concluded that the partition does not affect the behaviour of Kalman and Lainiotis filters. Simulation results show that Kalman and Lainiotis filters compute the same outputs (estimation and estimation error covariance), both in the single and in the partitioned model. It is also concluded that the partition leads to significant speedup in both Kalman and Lainiotis filters. Specifically, it is shown that the partition into p independent models leads to super-linear speedup in the range (p, p2) for both filters.


The prevalence of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is increasing worldwide with negative consequences to quality of life for the individual subjects and to national health economics.1 CKD patients are at risk of progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with the need of life-long dialysis or kidney transplantation. Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the final common pathway of CKD promoting the consecutive loss of kidney function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Abstract : New cutting tool alloys were developed for machining aerospace materials. Co-Cr and Fe-Co base alloys were prepared by hot-consolidation of atomized powders. Fe-50Co-20W-1.3C at R(C) 66 attained a transverse-rupture strength f 790,000 psi, an ultimate tensile strength of 443,000 psi, and had tool lives 2 to 3 times those of M40-type high-speed steels in peripheral end milling Ti-6Al-4V. Alloys of Fe-Co-W-C at 30-40% Co hardened to R(C) 72.5 and were superior to high-speed steels in turning Ti- and Ni-base alloys. Extrusion and edge-restraint rolling were used to fabricate 3 to 12 lb billets of atomized Fe-Co-W-C alloy powders. The bar stock was highly fabricable and defect-free. Composite bar stock was produced by extrusion or rolling jacketed Fe-Co base tool alloy powders on mild steel cores. High-melting matrix carbides based on TiC-Ni-Re were prepared by liquid-phase sintering. Small additions of Ta or W produced bend strengths up to 175,000 psi at R(A) 93; hardnesses of R(A) 86 were retained to 1500F. These carbides had 2 to 3 times the tool life of commercial C-8 grade carbides in turning AISI 4340 at R(C) 42. Arc-melted Hf-Ta alloys were hot rolled, machined, then nitrided to produce hard surface layers. (Author)


Abstract Physical activity during adolescence is critical for disease prevention and health promotion. Studies show that youth who are incarcerated have lower levels of physical activity than their non-incarcerated peers, higher rates of overweight and obesity in adulthood, and worse general health over a lifetime. Sport programming is a promising intervention to address these health concerns. However, such programming is currently limited and varied across the juvenile justice system, and little is known about implementation. At the same time, there is a considerable interest in adopting sport programming among facility administrators throughout the United States (US). To address this opportunity in practice, this article describes the process of building a logic model based upon a case example for sport programming in a juvenile correctional facility in the US developed through an academic-community partnership. Findings demonstrate the utility of logic model development to support practitioners interested in designing and implementing sport programming within justice settings and have broader implications for practitioners looking to develop new programs or adapt programs for new populations where little guidance currently exists.


Despite the emerging new technology in renewables, society still relies overwhelmingly on fossil fuels for energy. Overall, data indicate that there is an increase in natural gas production as a less expensive, more “environmentally friendly” and efficient resource.  ẟ13C studies are a standard tool to understand the origin, migration and mixing of natural gases. In the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB), which is a major hydrocarbon producer, the isotopic variability of formations gases have been well characterized (i.e., Tilley and Muehlenbachs, 2006). Industry implements such information for predicting where economically substantial amounts of natural gas form. Ethane isotopic fingerprinting is more diagnostic of such thermally matured gases. Thus, it is a useful tool to identify unwanted fugitive gas emissions associated with petroleum resource development and activities. In an initiative to better understand, constrain and ultimately mitigate this historic engineering challenge, we contoured the isotopic values of 2800 SCV wells and 1200 GM, and used the production data to identify the source of gas emissions. Our outcomes are not only valuable to industry, but also to regulatory agencies to increase awareness about the use of organic (e.g. n-alkanes) and inorganic (e.g. CO2) carbon isotope fingerprinting as retrospective environmental indicators at a local and regional scale.

Reference:

Tilley, B., and Muehlenbachs, K. (2006). Gas maturity and alteration systematics across the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin from four mud gas isotope depth profiles. Organic Geochemistry, 37(12), 1857–1868.


Since the mid-1990s, many OECD countries have experienced a substantial increase in household indebtedness. Sweden, in particular, has seen indebtedness rise from 90% of disposable income in 1995 to 179% in 2015. The Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority (FSA) has identified mortgage amortization requirements as a potential instrument for reducing indebtedness; and has drafted guidelines that will intensify the rate and duration of amortization. In this paper, I characterize Swedish-style mortgage contracts, which differ substantially from U.S.-style contracts. I then evaluate the policy changes in an incomplete markets model with three types of debt and a novel mortgage contract specification that is calibrated to match Swedish micro and macro data. I find that intensifying the rate and duration of amortization is largely ineffective at reducing indebtedness in a realistically-calibrated model. In the absence of tight restrictions on the maximum debt-service-to-income ratio or implausibly large refinancing costs, the policy impact is small in aggregate, over the lifecycle, and across employment statuses.


To develop better hazard maps that will help protect buildings and save lives, scientists are poring over data on the string of Italian quakes that have occurred this year. To develop better hazard maps that will help protect buildings and save lives, scientists are poring over data on the string of Italian quakes that have occurred this year.


A model for examining the joint effect of leadtime and demand uncertainties, from the manufacturer/distributor perspective, as well as the effect of "fair-shares" allocation on safety stocks in a four-link just-in-time (JIT) supply chain is described. A case study is provided which can easily be incorporated into an optimization model for selecting carriers, outside suppliers and so on.