The solubility of methane in pure water and in solutions of 5%, 10% 15%, and 20% (by weight) sodium chloride was determined experimentally at various temperatures and pressures. Methane solubility in sodium chloride solutions is significantly less than it is in pure water because of the salting-out effect. For example, in a solution of 20 weight % NaCl, the solubility of methane is only 28% of that in pure water under the same temperature and pressure conditions. We report here an experimentally determined value of 0.129 ± 0.03 for the salting-out (Setschenow) constant for methane. Also presented is a set of equations for calculating the solubility of methane under conditions of pressure, temperature and salinity as great as 137.9 MPa (20,000 psi), 350°C (662°F) and 25 weight % sodium chloride, respectively when only the salting-out constant and the solubility of methane in pure water at the temperature and pressure of interest are known. INTRODUCTION In the northern Gulf of Mexico sedimentary basin, large regions are distinguished by highly saline pore waters at unusually high temperatures and pressures (Kharaka and others 1977). These regions, known as geopressuredgeothermal zones, underlie vast areas of coastal Texas and Louisiana along the Continental Shelf and are known to contain dissolved natural gas, primarily methane (Papadopulos and others, 1975). Pressure, temperature, and salinity in these subsurface waters can reach nearly 124.1 MPa (18,000 psi), 200°C (392°F) and 275,000 mg/L, respectively (Kharaka and others, 1978). Knowledge of the chemical behavior of methane in aqueous solution under these conditions is therefore of the utmost importance if estimates of the energy content of the dissolved gas in these geopressured-geothermal reservoirs are to have maximum reliability. Existing data on the solubility of methane at conditions approximating those in the geopressured-geothermal zones are limited and cover rather narrow temperature, pressure, and salinity ranges. The present investigation was undertaken in order to gather enough experimental data to derive a set of equations that will accurately predict methane solubility in pure water and brines of as much as 25 weight % NaCl at temperatures as high as 350°C (662°F) and pressures as great as 137.9 MPa (20,000 psi). EXPERIMENTAL METHOD The experimental apparatus (figure 1) consists of two 6 inch-long gold-lined pressure vessels of known volume, each fitted with a titanium plunger and connected by a titanium capillary tube to a valve assembly. The valve assembly consists of two stainless steel miniature valves and a Setra Model 204 pressure transducer. The temperature of each pressure vessel was measured by a type T thermocouple and a digital voltmeter. Pressure was displayed by a Setra Model 300A digital pressure readout. Tn addition, both temperature and pressure were continuously monitored on a strip-chart recorder. For each run, the pressure vessels were placed inside a mechanical convection oven and evacuated overnight to 1.33 Pascals. The pressure transducer was then adjusted for the correct reading on the digital readout. A 150-cc stainless steel gas transfer bottle filled with Matheson Purity methane (99.99%) was weighed and then connected to the entry valve. The gas was admitted to the pressure vessel until the pressure was 0.37 MPa. (0.37 MPa represents the ideal gas pressure for 0.07 gm. CH4 and is used so that pressure will not exceed the limits of the pressure transducer after the temperature is increased.) The bottle was then removed and reweighed, and the amount of methane added was then calculated by the weight difference (generally about 0.0600 to 0.0800 gm). The brine solution was prepared from a weighed amount of reagent-grade sodium chloride and a weighed amount of deionized water which had been degassed by boiling under a vacuum for 3-4 hours and rapidly cooled. The sodium chloride solution was transferred to a graduated cylinder and weighed. The volume of solution needed was calculated from the volume needed to fill the pressure vessel at 300°C (572°F) and 68.9 MPa (10,000 psi) using the density tables of Potter and Brown (1977). This volume was transferred to the pressure vessel by means of a screw pump pressure 3 generator. The graduated cylinder was then reweighed, and the weight of solution added was determined by difference. The oven was then turned on and the temperature was increased in steps, the resulting pressures being recorded at each step. The runs were allowed to equilibrate for a minimum of 3 hours (usually longer) at each temperature interval. The temperature was increased in increments until the volume of the liquid expanded to fill the vessels completely. This is shown graphically by line AB in figure 2. The temperature increases were then continued in small steps to determine the P-T curve for the liquid at constant volume (ignoring dv/dt for the pressure vessel) and composition until the pressure limits of the equipment were reached (nominally 68.9 MPa [10,000 psi]). This is shown graphically by line RC in figure ?. As a check, the temperature was then decreased in small increments, with the resulting pressure being recorded at each interval, until room temperature was again reached. Lines AB and BC in figure 2 depict two intersecting curves representing two-phase (liquid-vapor) and one-phase (liquid) conditions respectively. By using a curve-fitting routine on the experimental data, the function (dp/dt XiV ) can be derived for each of the curves. Those functions are in turn used to calculate the intersection temperature and pressure for the two curves. These results, along with the fixed values for volume and composition, are used to calculate the methane solubility. The experimental results are shown in table 1. METHANE SOLUBILITY IN PURE WATER The solubility of methane in pure water has been measured previously by various investigators (Culberson and McKetta, 1951; Huffy and others, 1961: O'Sullivan and Smith 1970: Sultanov and others, 1972: and Price 1979). The data from those studies and the present study were evaluated in several different ways in order to derive the simplest algebraic function to describe the data. Of the correlations tried we found that only the plots of log Q versus XCH were linear for several isotherms over the entire pressure ' 4 range. Q is defined here by the equation, 0 = __ 4 (1) PCH 4 where XCH is the molal concentration of methane in water and p^ is 4 ' 4 derived by subtracting the vapor pressure of pure water at the temperature of interest from the total pressure. The logarithm of Q is written as log 0 = log X CH log pCH (2) 4 4 The data from the present investigation and most of the previously mentioned investigations are in good agreement. By using these data each isotherm was fit to the function, log 0 = a + bx^ (3) 4 The intercept (a) and the slope (b) were derived by using the technique of Haas (1978). These two vriables were then each fitted to polynomials in temperature (°C) the reciprocal of the variances at each isotherm being used to weight the data. The data of Price (1979) were not included in the calculation of a and b because when his data were used, plots of log Q versus the molality of methane did not yield linear results. The following equations were derived for the intercept and the slope of equation 3: a = -4.3345 x 10 2f 2 + 35.7727^ 3.56262 + 2.19921 x 10st 2 2.68155 x 108t 3 (4) b = 40.3932t-"1 4.04655 + 2.85046 x 10'?t 7.08934 x 10-^ + 6.14288 x 108t 3 (5) where t is in degrees Celsius (°C). The estimated partial pressure of methane in the system is the difference between the total pressure and the partial pressure of water at the temperature under consideration. PCH = Ptotal PH 0 ( 6 ) 4 2 Combining equations 2, 3, and 6 and rearranging terms results in the expression lo9(Ptotal PH 0) = a b *CH + Io 9 X CH ( 7 ) 2 44 The partial pressure of water can be derived from data in Haas (1976). When those values for p^ Q are used along with the total pressure, the solubility 2 of methane in pure water can be computed from equation 7. Values for the solubility of methane in water calculated in this manner are plotted in


One of the hallmarks of the Ottoman eighteenth century is the Tulip Age (1718-1730). Historians called it so because of the tulip gardens cultivated in different parts of Istanbul. Their refined fragrance replaced the smell of the gunpowder that prevailed during the preceding wars. In addition, in those years there was a place in the Ottoman capital where, for the first time, one's nose could sense another kind of smell: the heavy smell of the oil-based ink, used in the first Ottoman Turkish printing press. In fact, this aroma existed even earlier, from Jewish, Armenian and Greek Orthodox printing houses that were established during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, but it was during the Tulip Age that printing technology with movable type was introduced to the Ottoman Turks themselves. Unlike Godot, Ibrahіm Muteferrika did appear, and made the first step in the formation of Ottoman print culture. Keywords: Ibrahіm Muteferrika; Godot; Ottoman print culture; printing press; Tulip Age


Langmuir probediagnostics havebeencarried outinthe NavalResearch Laboratory's LargeAreaPlasma Processing System(LAPPS), whichisbasedoncontinuous, electronbeamproduced plasma. Theelectron beamwasextracted fromahollow-cathode discharge, accelerated using ahighvoltage grid andamagnetic field wasapplied toconfine the beam.Theplasma wasproduced inabackground of5-65 mTorrofpureargon, nitrogen andtheir mixtures. The generated plasma hadahighdensity 109-1011 cm-3like the conventional discharges butalower electron temperature (< 1eV)whichallows fortheprocessing ofenergy sensitive materials. Theeffect oftheoperating parameters including hollow cathode andextraction voltages andcurrents onthe plasma characteristics wasexamined. Further tuning ofthe plasmaproperties was achieved by adjustment ofthe magnetic field andthegascomposition. Thisstudy also provides ananalytical explanation ofthelowelectron temperature observed inallexperiments, highlighting the fundamental difference between conventional discharges and electron beamgenerated plasmas. TNRL/NRCPostdoctoral Fellow


In this study, we used orthomosaics and a digital surface model (DSM) generated from drone surveys to (1) characterize the distribution of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) aggregations at high resolution (centimeters), and (2) evaluate the role of topographic features, intertidal height, slope, and orientation angle in determining mussel distribution on two rocky shores oriented differently on both sides of a beach on the French Brittany coast. We first developed and tested a mussel visualization index (MVI) for mapping mussel aggregations from drone images. Then, we analyzed mussel distribution on the two shores. The results showed a contrasted total mussel-occupied area between the two rocky shores, with a higher occupation rate and a clear pattern of distribution depending on topographic features on the rocky shore oriented to the west. Intertidal height, and its associated immersion time, was the main factor determining mussel distribution. An optimum intertidal height was found in the center of the distribution height range, at c.a. 4.5 m above the lowest astronomical tide (LAT), where individuals are under immersion phase on average 43% of the time. Within this optimum, the occupation rate of the mussels was significantly higher in microhabitats facing south and west, particularly at intermediate slope angles. These results demonstrate the role of microhabitat topographic features on the development of intertidal mussels and their final distribution. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of mesoscale structures of habitats (e.g., 100 m), which seem to be responsible for the differences we observed between the two shores. Our methodological approach highlights the main advantage of using high-resolution drone images to address ecological processes in intertidal ecosystems. Indeed, drone imagery offers the possibility to assess small-scale interactions between individuals and habitat conditions over a wide area, which is technically infeasible from fieldwork approaches or by using satellite remote sensing due to their lower resolution. Scale integration and methodological complementarity are powerful approaches to correctly represent the processes governing the ecology of intertidal ecosystems. We suggest using this methodology to monitor long-term changes of sentinel sessile species.


The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is the most influential trade agreement, signed by the governments of USA, Canada and Mexico in 1992. It came into effect the 1st of January of 1994 promising economic growth and better employment opportunities to reduce Mexican emigration. The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), a civil resistance movement against capitalist neo-liberalism, protested the agreement, warning that it would feed social inequalities and threaten indigenous rights, autonomy, land access and use of natural resources. The Zapatistas feared the NAFTA would reinforce a master-servant relationship where Mexican human and natural resources are displaced, undermined or employed for the benefit of USA-CAN. In this paper we use Multiregional Input-Output Analysis based on the EORA model to examine changes in the carbon, land material, water and employment footprints in Mexico derived from the NAFTA agreement. We pay particular attention to the fairness of the resource exchange between USA and Mexico. We find all the consumption-based footprints grew between the period of 1990-2015. The carbon footprint increased by 50%, land by 32%, material by 46% and water by 566%. Territorial based employment rose by 7% and consumption based employment by 14%. Consumption of land and water considerably sped up after NAFTA. Remarkably, the land footprint doubled between 1994 and 2003, whereas GDP only increased by 20%. After that peak, the changes in land footprints retracted and stabilized at a 32% yearly increase until 2015, which corresponded to a 65% increase in GDP. Carbon intensity per unit of GDP has noticeably decreased after the NAFTA, nevertheless rising consumption heavily drives carbon emissions, eating-up efficiency gains. We confirm that the unequal trade has increased after the NAFTA, with surpluses for carbon, materials and more heavily for labour -meaning Mexico has become a net source for these resources. Not so for land and water, where Mexico remains a net consumer (2) We confirm that a large portion of the increases in Mexico's carbon, material and water are destined to satisfy USA-CAN consumption. (3) We confirm a master-servant dynamic where the employment embodied in trade leaves Mexico with a 73% surplus -a net supplier of labor among NAFTA partners.


We derive and numerically implement a fourth order Diffusion Monte Carlo algorithm for solving quantum many-body problems. The method uses a factorization of the imaginary time propagator in terms of the usual local energy and Langevin operators as well as an additional pseudo-potential consisting of the double commutator [EL, [L, EL]]. A new factorization of the propagator of the Fokker-Planck equation enables us to implement the Langevin algorithm to the necessary fourth order. We achieve this by the addition of correction terms to the drift steps and the use of a position-dependent Gaussian random walk. We present exact analytical results for a three dimensional harmonic oscillator and numerical results for a Morse potential. We demonstrate that in the physical case of bulk liquid helium and helium droplets, the systematic step size errors are indeed fourth order over a wide range of step sizes.


The effects of 2-naphthylethyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahy- droisoquinoline (THI 53), on nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) protein induction by lipopoly- saccharide (LPS) were investigated in RAW 264.7 cells and mice. In cells, THI 53 concentration dependently reduced NO produc- tion and iNOS protein induction by LPS. In addition, THI 53 inhibited NO production and iNOS protein induction in LPS-treated mice. LPS-mediated iNOS protein induction was inhibited significantly by the specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor (cid:3) -cyano-(3-hy-droxy-4-nitro)cinnamonitrile


In this paper, we argue that the most difficult face recognition problems (unconstrained face recognition) will be solved by simultaneously leveraging the solutions to multiple vision problems including segmentation, alignment, pose estimation, and the estimation of other hidden variables such as gender and hair color. While in theory a single unified principle could solve all these problems simultaneously in a giant hidden variable model, we believe that such an approach will be computationally, and more importantly, statistically, intractable. Instead, we promote studying the interactions among mid-level vision features, such as segmentations and pose estimates, as a route toward solving very difficult recognition problems. In this paper, we discuss and provide results showing how pose and face segmentations mutually influence each other, and provide a surprisingly simple method for estimating pose from segmentations.


Dr. Miguel Valvano is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Western University. He also holds an academic Chair of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases at the Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom. His laboratory has become an international leader in molecular research aimed at dissecting key bacterial components that directly interact with host cells to cause infections. His research team focuses on two areas: how lipopolylsaccharide (LPS) assembles on the bacterial cell surface and protects bacteria from host defenses, and characterizing the virulence properties of Burkholderia cepacia, an opportunistic pathogen that causes major health problems in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. Suzy Kim, a member of WURJ, had the opportunity to interview Dr. Valvano to learn more about his research, his path to Western and his career. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/wurjhns.2011-12.1


Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) flooding attacks still pose great threats to the Internet even though various approaches and systems have been proposed. In this paper, we firstly pre-process network traffic by cumulatively averaging it with a time range, and using the simple linear AR model, and then generate the prediction of network traffic. Secondly, assuming the prediction error behaves eechaoticallyee, we use chaos theory to analyze it and then propose a novel network anomaly detection algorithm (NADA) to detect the abnormal traffic. With this abnormal traffic, we lastly train a neural network to detect DDoS attacks. Our preliminary experiments and analyses indicate that our proposed DDoS detection algorithm can accurately and effectively detect DDoS attacks.


The paper is devoted to the research of application of vortex technologies of the gas jets to increase the efficiency of fire-resistant coatings on the converter lining. Using numerical simulation, the authors considered the aerodynamic pattern in the working space of the unit and the features of the converter slag drop motion when supplying neutral gas through a special lance with the elements of the vortex device. The laws of slag drop motions of different size to the converter lining have been refined, as well as the dependence among the parameters of slag drop movement and the characteristics of the vortex jet has been defined. It has been established that the trajectory of the slag drops, regardless of their size is mainly determined by the degree of twist of the vortex jet. The article also shows the principal possibility of increasing the technological flexibility of the slag skull application process on the lining converter when using vortex gas jets.


Shoe comprising a sole element (2) and shoes upper (3) (1), in particular sports shoes, the sole element (2) and shoes upper (3), the wire-shaped connecting element (4) is the sole element (2 ) and it is held together by being guided through the eyes shaped or cylindrical section of the shoe upper (3) (5,6). Easily separated shoes upper and sole during reuse, and to enable separate exchange shoe upper and sole therewith, laterally outer region of the eye-shaped or cylindrical section (5) of the sole element (2) arranged, also eye-shaped or cylindrical section (6) is disposed laterally outer region of the shoe upper (3). .FIELD 1


The invention provides hot air cycling drying equipment which comprises an integral equipment housing and a plurality of air vents at the top of the integral equipment housing. Three or four layers of loading overturn plate devices arranged from top to bottom in the inner upper portion of the integral equipment housing, air chambers including an air distribution chamber and a cycling air guide chamber are arranged below the loading overturn plate devices and communicated with a fan outside the integral equipment housing through an air port, the air distribution chamber is 1.5-1.7m in height, and the cycling air guide chamber is 0.45-0.60m in height. By means of minimum effective vent area guarantee, relative humidity control and effective air distribution of multi-layer materials, fan and heat effective utilization rate can be increased. The invention further provides three drying processes, original colors and proper odors of agricultural and sideline products can be kept to the greatest extent, competitiveness of the dewatered agricultural and sideline products processed by hot air drying to the dewatered agricultural and sideline products processed by other drying methods is effectively improved, and energy consumption of the hot air cycling drying equipment is only tenth of that of current domestic mainstream monolayer hot air drying equipment.


— With the approaching era of web, the network security has become the key foundation for ton of economic and business net applications. Incursion detection is one of the looms to resolve the matter of network security. Imperfection of incursion detection systems (IDS) has given a chance for data processing to make many vital contributions to the sphere of incursion detection. In recent years, several researchers are mistreatment data processing techniques for building IDS. Here, we propose a brand new approach by utilizing data processing techniques like neuro-fuzzy and radial basis support vector machine (SVM) for serving to IDS to achieve higher detection rate. The projected technique has four major steps: primarily, k-means bunch is employed to get totally different coaching subsets. Then, supported the obtained coaching subsets, totally different neuro-fuzzy models are trained. Later, a vector for SVM classification is made and within the finish, classification mistreatment radial SVM is performed to notice incursion went on or not. Maybe the applicability and capability of the new approach, the results of experiments on KDD CUP 1999 dataset is incontestable. Experimental results show that our proposed new approach does higher than BPNN, multiclass SVM and different well-known strategies like call trees and Columbia model in terms of sensitivity, specificity and specifically detection accuracy.


The main objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of combustion by analyzing fuel gases from a combustion equipment with various combustion conditions for refuse-derived fuels (RDFs). CO gas is a parameter for indicating of incomplete combustion during a combustion process. The lowest CO gas was produced when the experiment conditions were m=2 under airfuel condition and 800℃. CO₂ gas is a final product after complete combustions. The highest amount of CO₂ gas was produced when the experiment conditions were m=2 under air-fuel condition and 800℃. The highest level of SO₂ gas was produced in S.1 sample containing the highest sulfur. The highest level of NOx gas was produced in S.1 sample with the highest nitrogen content and air-fuel condition of m=2 under temperature of 800℃. HCl gas that is generated by reacting with metals catalyst through oxygen catalyst reaction during combustion process is a precursor of dioxin formation. The higher level of HCl gas was produced in the sample with higher chlorine content. The lowest level of HCl gas was produced when the experiment conditions were air-fuel condition of m=2 and 800℃. The lowest level of NH₃ gas was generated when the experiment condition was m=2 under air-fuel condition and after 3 minutes. Air-fuel condition is more important to create NH₃ gas than operating temperatures. Higher level of H₂S gas was generated in S.1 sample with the higher sulfur content and was created in RDFs that contain higher mixture ratios of sewage sludge and food wastes. A result of combustion, gases and gases levels from the combustion of S.1 and S.2 were very similar to the combustion of a stone coal. As results of this research, when evaluating the feasibility of the RDFs, the RDFs could be used as auxiliary and main fuels.


Fully automated microparticle enzyme immunoassays (MEIA) for the IMx immunoassay analyser were developed to detect IgG and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. The IgG MEIA results are expressed in International Units (IU) of IgG antibody interpolated from a six point calibration curve covering the range from 0 to 300 IUIml. Reproducible results were obtained from a calibration curve stored in the instrument for at least one month. The qualitative IgM MEIA expresses results as an index using a single calibrator included in each run. The Toxo IgG MEIA and Toxo IgM MEIA were in 98% and 97% agreement, respectively, with the reference assays used. Twenty four sera can be completely processed in about 35 minutes. Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Diagnostic Division, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA JW Safford G G Abbott M C Craine R G MacDonald


Understanding boundary layer heating is crucial in determining the thermal structure of the accreted envelope of a prenova white dwarf. The matched asymptotic expansion method was used to solve consistently for the structure of accretion disks transferring matter onto rotating white dwarfs. The fraction of accretion energy transported into prenova white dwarf envelopes was calculated. These results should be used by modelers of nova eruptions; they will produce significantly lower degeneracies and weaker explosions than expected until now. Detailed models of accretion disks and boundary layers can also be used to calculate the amount of white dwarf heating during a dwarf nova outburst. In general, such models can serve as input to model atmosphere codes to predict more realistic spectra of disk-accreting objects. 29 refs.


Korean Lentinus edodes SR-1 was cultured to multiply the mycelia in the complete broth medium (C/N=13.1) for mushroom, and protein-bound polysaccharides were extracted from the cultured broth containing mycelia (The whole cultured broth was used to increase the yields: 80% of protein-bound polysaccharides were existed at the cell wall of mycelia and 20% of those were secreted extracellularily in this culture). Protein-bound polysaccharides in the cultured broth containing mycelia were extracted by using three different methods: 1) Extraction with hot water, 2) Disintegration of cell wall by glass bead mill treatment before extraction with hot water, and 3) Cellulase treatment before extraction with hot water. The highest yield was obtained (930 mg polysaccharides/100 mL culture broth) when protein-bound polysaccharides were extracted with 2) method. The extracted crude protein-bound polysaccharides were purified using protease, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The growth inhibition activity for , mouse leukemic cell, increased (53.7, 62.2, 93.7% and 97.4%) as the purification level increased. Protein-bound polysaccharides contained 46.1% of polysaccharides, 7.3% of protein, and trace amounts of minerals. Polysaccharides contained glucose, galactose, xylose and mannose. The content of proline and glycine were high, however, methionine and leucine were not found. The major minerals were Na, K, Zn, and Ca.


The evolution of the Internet into a large complex service-based network has posed tremendous challenges for network monitoring and control in terms of how to collect the large amount of data in addition to the accurate classification of new emerging applications such as peer to peer, video streaming and online gaming. These applications consume bandwidth and affect the performance of the network especially in a limited bandwidth networks such as university campuses causing performance deterioration of mission critical applications. Some of these new emerging applications are designed to avoid detection by using dynamic port numbers (port hopping), port masquerading (use http port 80) and sometimes encrypted payload. Traditional identification methodologies such as port-based signature-based are not efficient for today's traffic. In this work machine learning algorithms are used for the classification of traffic to their corresponding applications. Furthermore this paper uses our own customized made training data set collected from the campus, The effect on the amount of training data set has been considered before examining, the accuracy of various classification algorithms and selecting the best. Our findings show that random tree, IBI, IBK, random forest respectively provide the top 4 highest accuracy in classifying flow based network traffic to their corresponding application among thirty algorithms with accuracy not less than 99.33%.


Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is a culicid mosquito associated with the transmission of pathogens causative for dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, Mayaro and other diseases. Several recent studies have proposed that demographic surveys of dengue vector pupae are more useful than traditional larval indices for estimating populations. Geometric morphometrics is a tool for describing phenotypic variation that has been validated for characterizing sexual dimorphism. We undertook to apply this method to describe sexual and morphological dimorphism in A. albopictus pupae. Two-dimensional co-ordinates were digitalized from 60 specimens in two stages using 10 landmarks in pupae and 14 in wings.  Configuration matrices were aligned by generalized procrustes analysis to extract matrix configurations and centroid size (CS).  A discriminant analysis (DA) was used to test group (female or male) membership significance, and non-parametric ANOVA was used for CS differences. We found significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis P < 0.01) among pupal cephalothorax CS and adult wings; female pupae and adults were larger than males. The DA for cephalothorax and wing specimens showed significant differences (Hotelling P < 0.0001) between females and males. Through cross-validation, females and males were correctly classified with greater than 90% accuracy using the conformation characteristics described. Our study is the first description of phenotypic variation of pupal shape and size in A. albopictus laboratory colonies, and the results can be used as an additional tool in dengue entomological survey programs. More studies are necessary to confirm the variation between natural and laboratory populations.


In less than 20 years the orientation in Swedish security politics changed drastically from only prioritizing their own national defense to a solidarity proclamation to the neighboring countries. T ...


This chapter, "Living Well with Serious Illness," describes the third challenge. In contrast to optimistic, longer-term hopes (e.g., for a cure) that rely on extraordinary medical fortune, living well applies to the near future and can start now. The chapter discusses how to help patients develop rich attainable hopes, even though their life is or will be limited by a serious illness. It describes what the authors have learned from their research into how coping skills help patients live well and discusses in detail the most important coping skills and how to teach them to patients. Supporting patients in living well improves quality of life and builds the partnership critical as the disesase progresses, when clinicians will help patients live well under ever changing circumstances. Thus, palliative care clinicians should spend most of their time with patients on this challenge.


The term antibody was first used by Paul Ehrlich in year 1891 in his article "Experimental Studies on Immunity." In 1890, Emil Von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato established the basis for serum therapy : that serum taken from animals treated with nonlethal doses of diphtheria and tetanus can be used for the treatment of diphtheria and tetanus. They followed this discovery with the theory of humoral immunity , which prompted Paul Ehrlich to propose side chain theory , which describes the interaction between antibodies and antigens. Later, in the 1920s and the 1930s, it was shown by Michael Heidelberger and Oswald Avery that antibodies are made of protein, and the biochemical aspect of antigen–antibody interactions was explained by John Marrack. In the following years, the structure of antibodies was characterized by a number of scientists independently [1]. In 1975, Kohler and Milstein successfully produced antibodies in vitro using "hybridoma technology." This discovery allowed the production and use of antibodies on a large scale for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The first


The article is aimed at familiarizing readers and specialists with programs for the preservation of fortification territories and methods of using historical landscapes in the Netherlands, the legal aspect of preserving the remains of fortifications and terrain. The project method of integrating the territory into the tourist observation network is considered. Over the past 30 years, the Netherlands has been developing a legal framework in the intersectoral branch for the protection of a significant historical landscape, including existing or lost objects of fortification art of the XVIII and XX centuries. Reasonable protection criteria, a well-formed strategy for systematic use and subordination of the territory prevents violation of the legal framework of the monument and its physical integrity accelerates the process of developing architectural and design proposals for restoring the spatial appearance of the fortification object


Structural strategies to prevent the escape of non-native species from aquaculture facilities have numerous environmental benefits, and research at the UF/IFAS Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory has shown that structural strategies also reduce non-compliance with Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Best Management Practices. Operational and management strategies, however, are also very important. The strategies discussed in this 6-page fact sheet, the management of water, facilities, and employees, must not be overlooked. Operational strategies are easy, inexpensive, and, when used alongside structural strategies, highly effective, offering an impressive return on a minimal investment in the overall effort to minimize the escape of non-native species.
This fact sheet is the fourth in a four-part series devoted to educating industry and other stakeholders on the importance of preventing escape of non-native species from aquaculture facilities, as well as strategies for non-native species containment and regulatory compliance. Written by Quenton M. Tuckett, Carlos V. Martinez, Jared L. Ritch, Katelyn M. Lawson, and Jeffrey E. Hill, and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, August 2016.
FA198/FA198: Preventing Escape of Non-Native Species from Aquaculture Facilities in Florida, Part 4: Operational Strategies (ufl.edu)


A waveguide finite element theory is applied to the propagation pheneomena in rails. In the first part of the paper the waveguide finite element computation technique is briefly presented. The propagative wavenumbers and corresponding modes of a rail are computed as function of the exctation frequency. The results of finite element computation are compared with those obtained by the simple Euler-Bernoulli beam theory for the flexion. The sound radiation and the distribution of the energy transmitted through the cross-section by the computed propagative modes are analysed. The present analysis gives the valuable informations on the participation of different propagative modes to vibro-acustical response of rails


United States Department of Defense (DoD) Services (e.g., Army, Navy, Air Force) deploy different network devices in their enclave networks. These devices provide edge network functions such as information assurance, plain text routing, admission and congestion control, and TCP performance enhancements. Due to the different enclave network implementations in different Service networks, interoperability issues arise when connecting enclave networks between different Services. This paper describes tactical user enclave network implementations within the DoD's Global Information Grid, and how these networks currently achieve interoperable connectivity by backhauling traffic to fixed gateways connected to the Defense Information Systems Network (DISN) core. This paper examines three gateway options, including a cipher text gateway, a plain text gateway, and a Joint plain text gateway for providing interoperable inter-Service connectivity within the tactical environment. We provide qualitative comparisons of these architecture options and provide recommendations for their use in creating an interoperable tactical architecture.


Mobile Multi-hop Relay (MMR) WiMAX network uses Relay stations (RSs) to extend the cell coverage, and enhances the link quality and the throughput. In MMR WiMAX networks, the number of hops between the Subscriber stations (SSs) and the Base station (BS) is allowed to be more than two hops when Non transparent RS (NT-RS) is used. However, this requires modification to the frame structure of NT-RS to reduce the delay of relaying the data packets across multiple hops. Therefore, this paper presents a new NT-RS frame structure aimed to decrease the multi-hop relaying delay in order to improve the performance of the data transmission over MMR WiMAX network. The proposed frame structure serves the sub-ordinate SSs as well as NT-RSs in the access zones, while using the relay zones to communicate with its super-ordinate stations. The performance of the proposed frame structure is tested through a simulation work. The results showed that,the forwarding delay is reduced, and hence the link layer and the Transmission control protocol (TCP) throughput are improved significantly.

 Key words: IEEE 802.16j, transmission control protocol (TCP) performance, non transparent relay stations (NT-RS), frame structure.


Naloxone (NLX) has the ability to shift the immune response to a Th1 profile. Therefore, the adjuvant efficacy of NLX with recombinant P. vivax apical membrane antigen‐1(rPvAMA‐1) in BALB/c mice was evaluated. Mice were immunized subcutaneously with purified rPvAMA‐1 formulated with NLX (doses of 5 mg/kg body weight) alone or in combination with IFA. A significant increase in anti‐PvAMA‐1 IgG antibody after the second boost (mean OD490 = 2·08 and 2·17, in groups received, rPvAMA‐1/NLX and rPvAMA‐1/NLX/IFA, respectively) was detected. IgG1 and IgG2b were the predominant isotypes in all immunized mouse groups. In immunized mice with rPvAMA‐1/NLX (mean: 1036 pg/mL) and with rPvAMA‐1/NLX/IFA (mean: 1024 pg/mL), IFN‐γ was elicited in response to rPvAMA‐1 after the second boost. No detectable IL‐4 secretion was determined in all tested groups. In conclusion, the administration of NLX alone or NLX/IFA with rPvAMA‐1 in BALB/c mice, which induced mixed Th1/Th2 immune responses, was comparable with that of the same recombinant antigen with CFA/IFA adjuvant. The results indicate that NLX alone may possibly not be considered as a potent Th1 adjuvant in PvAMA‐1‐based vaccine. However, in order to modulate immune responses from mixed Th1/Th2 to strong and protective Th1 response, further study is warranted on combination of NLX with other adjuvants such as CpG motifs or MPL in proper vaccine formulation. Additionally, dose–response study is necessary to determine the effect of different doses of antigen combined with NLX (at various doses) in Balb/c mice.


The development of artificial intelligence technology has been greatly assisted by object detection. The object detector like you-only-look-once (YOLO) v2 can detect an object in real-time and also with good accuracy. However, except for the lower computation cost and faster speed, the single-stage detector YOLO v2 is not as good as the two-stage detectors like Faster R-CNN in terms of accuracy; more improvement is needed to increase the accuracy. This paper uses the Kalman filter to fuse Faster R-CNN and YOLO v2 to obtain better detection accuracy. The results from Faster R-CNN are served as observation due to its better accuracy, while that from YOLO v2 as state variables. Experiment is carried out in video samples containing vehicle images. The results show that the fusion of the two algorithms by using the Kalman filter can provide better object detection.


This compilation of trade studies performed from 2005 to 2006 addressed a number of power system design issues for the Constellation Program Extravehicular Activity Spacesuit. Spacesuits were required for spacewalks and in-space activities as well as lunar and Mars surface operations. The trades documented here considered whether solar power was feasible for spacesuits, whether spacesuit power generation should be a distributed or a centralized function, whether self-powered in-space spacesuits were better than umbilically powered ones, and whether the suit power system should be recharged in place or replaced.


Feature means countenance, remote sensing scene objects with similar characteristics, associated to interesting scene elements in the image formation process. They are classified into three types in image processing, that is low, middle and high. Low level features are color, texture and middle level feature is shape and high level feature is semantic gap of objects. An image retrieval system is a computer system for browsing, searching and retrieving images from a large image database. Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is a technique which uses visual features of image such as color, shape, texture, etc…to search user required image from large image database according to user's requests in the form of a query. MKNN is an enhancing method of KNN. The proposed KNN classification is called MKNN. MKNN contains two parts for processing, they are validity of the train samples and applying weighted KNN. The validity of each point is computed according to its neighbors. In our proposal, Modified K-Nearest Neighbor (MKNN) can be considered a kind of weighted KNN so that the query label is approximated by weighting the neighbors of the query. The procedure computes the fraction of the same labeled neighbors to the total number of neighbors. MKNN classification is based on validated neighbors who have more information in comparison with simple class labels. This paper also concentrates identifying the unlabeled images with help of MKNN algorithm. Experiments show the validity takes into accounts the value of stability and robustness of the any train samples regarding with its neighbors and excellent improvement in the performance of KNN method. This system allows provide label to unlabeled image as user input.


Research in robot motion control offers research opportunities that will emulate human decision making capabilities to perfection in years to come. Autonomous robots roles are increasing in different aspects of engineering and everyday life. This paper describes an autonomous robot motion control system based on fuzzy logic Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. Fuzzy rules are embedded in the controller to tune the gain parameters of PID and to make them helpful in real time applications. This paper discusses the design aspects of fuzzy PID controller for mobile robot that decrease rise time, remove steady sate error quickly and avoids overshoot. The performance of robot design has been verified with rule based evaluation using Matlab and results obtained have been found to be robust. Overall, the performances criteria in terms of its response towards rise time, steady sate error and overshoot have been found to be good.


Given commuting families of Hermitian matrices {A 1, … , A k } and {B 1, … , B k }, conditions for the existence of a completely positive map Φ, such that Φ(A j ) = B j for j = 1, … , k, are studied. Additional properties such as unital or/and trace preserving on the map Φ are also considered. Connections of the study to dilation theory, matrix inequalities, unitary orbits and quantum information science are mentioned.


Abstract We suggest a simple ad hoc, criterion for hard-sphere radius determination. The set of alkali halide radii calculated is compared with that obtained from a fitting procedure described elsewhere. The deviation does not exceed 10% for the most of elements. The method makes use of a radial distribution function (RDF) for alkali halide crystals. For the first time, we present a simple analytic expression for the RDF of such a system. The RDF calculation employs semiempirical potentials to describe effective ionic interactions.


Background  Use of dermal fillers for soft tissue augmentation has become an integral part of aesthetic practices. Dermal fillers temporarily remove the appearance of rhytids and reduce the depth of skin folds. Even with the most experienced of injectors, adverse effects can and do occur ranging from mild bruising to severe injection necrosis.


Digital twin simulation has many applications, but one of the most important applications is in automotive industry. It helps in fleet management, cost management and most importantly increases the operational efficiency of the physical asset. The data from the previous asset's life cycle is also important for the current asset to be efficient. There are many challenges faced by the automotive industry for which digital twinning might be a solution.


A surface flow wetland was constructed in the Burnside Industrial Park, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, to treat stormwater runoff from the surrounding watersheds which are comprised primarily of commercial properties and two former landfills. The objectives of this study were: (a) to compare the uptake of iron by red maple, white birch and red spruce trees growing under flooded soil conditions in the constructed wetland and well drained soil conditions in a nearby reference site, (b) to evaluate the seasonal variability of iron in these trees and (c) to determine the distribution of iron in different compartments of these trees (leaves, twigs, branches, trunk wood, trunk bark and roots). The average iron concentrations in the aboveground compartments of red maple, white birch and red spruce trees were within the range of iron concentrations reported in the literature for these trees. Red maple, white birch and red spruce trees in the constructed wetland had significantly greater iron concentrations in their roots than the same species in the reference site. The average iron concentrations in the leaves of red maple trees in the constructed wetland and the reference site displayed an increasing trend towards the end of the growing season while the average iron concentrations in the twigs of red maple and white birch trees in the constructed wetland and the reference site displayed maximum concentrations at the beginning of the growing season. Red maple, white birch and red spruce trees in the constructed wetland retained a major portion of their overall iron concentration in their root systems.


This task-based teaching exploratory study investigates whether the acquisition of greetings and closings in English can be improved through the use of highlighted input to raise the learner's awareness in comparison to teaching without this technique. Moreover, this study also investigates whether using a task-based approach helps the learning of common formulaic expressions in an EFL setting. The thirty-six participants were lowproficiency students from Grade 6 in a school in Catalonia, Spain. They completed a treatment that consisted of six sessions: two sessions per task. Tasks were always preceded by form-focused pre-tasks and followed by post-tasks to further practice the target expressions. Learning was measured by a discourse completion test, which measured the productive skills of greetings and closings both before and after receiving the treatment. Findings revealed the effectiveness of the incorporation of input enhancement as a technique for teaching greetings and closings. The experimental group showed larger gains in formulaic expression acquisition as determined by the discourse completion test when compared to the control group, who did not receive enhanced input. Furthermore, the control group, also considerably learned the target expressions. This could be partially attributed to using the communicative TBLT approach.


The behavior of Altec condenser microphones, and their associated preamplifiers, has been examined up to 500 degrees F. In general, considerable cycling from room temperature up to working temperature, or aging, or both, are needed before a microphone has a stable response at such temperatures. Marked irregularities in response often appear at higher frequencies, which might be attributed to resonances in the microphone. Calibration curves are presented, and a discussion of suitable tubes.


Hair is a complex protein-based fibre that plays a key role for the perception of human beauty. Human hair is composed mainly by proteins, lipids, water and pigments. The protein content is approximately 65 to 95%, and the major classes of hair proteins is composed by keratins. Hair's lightening is achieved by the degradation of the melanin pigment in a process designated by bleaching. This process causes a huge damage in the hair, proved by the decrease of it mechanical properties, shine and strength. [1] There are already formulations composed by proteins which are capable to create suitable environments for healthy hair due to their water binding potential and amphoteric and buffering properties. Although these proteins can be used before or after the bleaching process to avoid hair damage, they do not have a role in the coloration of hair or in the properties of the hair colour. The main goal of the work was the bioproduction and application of multifunctional proteins for hair protection and coloration. These proteins simultaneously protect and colour the hair, without the need to use the traditional bleaching techniques that drastically damage hair. Crystallins, reflectins and chromogenic proteins were used in the design of the multifunctional proteins. Human γD-crystallin were used as restorative agents based on their ability to form thin coatings around hair fibres due to the presence of Greek key motif on its structure. [2] Reflectins and chromogenic proteins were used for the colouring of the hair fibres. The multifunctional proteins will be used for the development of new hair cosmetic products with a high commercial potential.


L eigh syndrome is a subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy characterised by delayed onset of symptoms, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, motor regression, and brain stem signs. The main laboratory findings are raised lactate in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, but the diagnosis is only confirmed by the presence of bilateral symmetrical lesions in the basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Leigh syndrome can result from a number of different defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism, most commonly deficiencies of cytochrome oxidase (COX), pyruvate dehydrogenase, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) and ATP synthase. In patients with Leigh syndrome and cytochrome oxidase deficiency, the underlying genetic defect is usually a mutation in the SURF1 gene, which maps to chromosome 9q34 and encodes a cytochrome oxidase assembly factor. 3 In a small number of cases, Leigh syndrome and cytochrome oxidase deficiency have been found in patients with mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 5 and in one patient with mutations in the COX10 gene. Cytochrome oxidase is the terminal complex of the electron transport chain. It transfers electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to the proton motive force used in the generation of ATP. The mammalian complex is composed of thirteen subunits, three encoded in mtDNA and ten in nuclear DNA. Some of the nuclear subunits have different isoforms, which are coded by multigene families and are expressed in different tissues and at different stages of development. The cytochrome oxidase complex contains four prosthetic groups, haeme a, haeme a3, CuA and CuB, which are essential for the redox reaction. Therefore, generation of a fully functional complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane requires: (a) transcription and translation of 13 proteins in two different compartments of the cell, (b) correct assembly in the inner mitochondrial membrane with prosthetic groups, and (c) regulation of activity according to specific tissue and developmental requirements. As a consequence of this complexity, it is not surprising that cytochrome oxidase deficiency is genetically and phenotypically highly heterogeneous. At present, a specific genetic diagnosis is made in only <50% of patients and the majority of these belong to the SURF1 deficiency group. Mutations in other nuclear genes whose products are necessary for cytochrome oxidase biogenesis, such as SCO1, 17 SCO2, COX10, COX15, LRPPRC, TK-2, DGK-2, and thymidine phosphorylase, appear to be much less common. They have been associated with lactic acidosis and non-specific encephalopathy, in some cases co-existing with dysfunctions of other highly metabolic organs, such as heart, liver, kidney, and muscle. We describe a patient who presented with Leigh syndrome as a result of cytochrome oxidase deficiency, in whom the underlying cause is a mutation in the COX15 gene, which codes for an enzyme involved in haeme a biosynthesis. This is only the second patient described with a mutation at this locus and the clinical presentation differs significantly from the previously reported case, suggesting that this condition may be more variable in presentation than other defects of cytochrome oxidase assembly.


A new control design of flexible arms using the theory of variable structure systems (VSS) is presented. The control is designed so that a new type of state space trajectories called sliding modes exists. While in the sliding mode, the performance of the system remains insensitive to parameter variation and disturbance. This property of VSS is very important in eliminating the effects due to load variation of the arm. Both simulation and experiment demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the slidding mode control system for the flexible arm.


Metal/silicon interfaces produced by metal thin film deposition on Si substrates have been ion beam mixed using either Ar+ or reactive N2+ low‐energy ion beams. The ion beam mixing (IBM) has been studied by means of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), angle resolved XPS (ARXPS) and iterative target testing transformation factor analysis (ITTFA). The IBM using Ar+ is characterized by the formation of metal silicide. For the IBM interfaces using N2+, a fast nitrogen incorporation in the near surface region, followed by a steady state, is observed. Once the saturation is reached, the Me/Si ratio can be varied in a broad range with a nearly constant nitrogen concentration, as a consequence of sputtering, nitruration and mixing effects taking place simultaneously. The comparison of the experimental results with those obtained from TRIDYN simulations that uses pure ballistic mechanisms, suggests that additional rate‐controlling mechanisms, as radiation‐enhanced diffusion processes or the chemical reaction with nitrogen, have to be considered to explain the IBM of Me/Si interfaces by low‐energy Ar+ and N2+ bombardment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In compliance with its multi-year work programme for 2007-2009, the Commission on the Status of Women has agreed that the priority theme for the 2007 fifty-first session of the Commission will be "The elimination of all forms of discrimination and violence against the girl child". In addition, it was agreed that progress will be evaluated in the implementation of the agreed conclusions from the forty-eighth session of the Commission on "The role of men and boys in achieving gender equality".


Left atrium (LA) systolic dysfunction is observed in the early stages of atrial fibrillation (AF) prior to LA anatomical change. We investigated whether LA systolic dysfunction predicts recurrent AF after catheter ablation (CA) in patients with paroxysmal AF.


Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the procedure of choice for management of symptomatic gallstone disease. At times, it is difficult and takes longer time or has to be converted to an open procedure. This study is undertaken to determine the predictive factors for difficult LC. Aim: The aim was to evaluate a scoring method to predict difficult LC preoperatively. Materials and Methods: There were 30 cases operated by a single experienced surgeon. There are total 15 score from history, clinical and sonological findings. Score up to 5 predicted easy, 6-10 difficult and >10 are very difficult. Results: Prediction came true in 76.4% for easy and 100% difficult cases; there were no cases with a score above 10. The factors like previous history of hospitalization (P - 0.004), clinically palpable gallbladder (GB) (P - 0.009), impacted GB stone (P - 0.001), pericholecystic collection (P - 0.04), and abdominal scar due to previous abdominal surgery (P - 0.009) were found statistically significant in predicting difficult LC. Conclusion: The proposed scoring system is reliable with a sensitivity of 76.47% and specificity of 100%.


The main objective of the research was to study the biology, ecology and productivity of a less common species of agricultural crops – lentil (Lens culinaris), aiming to evaluate the adaptability of this species to the natural conditions of the Southern part of Romania and to the organic agriculture production system. The experiment was carried out in Moara Domneasca Experimental Field, located on the reddish preluvosoil area from the Central part of Romanian Plain. On average of three experimental years, lentils crop was sown between March 14-April 5, the plants reached the harvesting maturity in the first two decades of July, after an average vegetation period of 86 days, when there were accumulated 1120.6 GDD (Growing Degree Days)(�t> 5oC). After harvesting, the lentil plants had 25.5 pods/plant, with 1.37 seeds/pod and TGW values of 37.2 g. The yields illustrate the favorability of the natural conditions for lentils and a good productivity of the tested biological material. The highest productive genotypes, on average during experimental three years, proved to be Laird and Richlea, with average yields of 14.27 q/ha, respectively 13.54 q/ha, exceeding by 1.36 q/ha and respectively 1.14 q/ha.


In the second half of the last decade the Italian Parliament enabled the government to enact a consolidated statute (Testo Unico) concerning the field of cultural property as a whole, aimed at substituting a number of different provisions contained in various laws and decrees adopted over nearly a century. The enabling clause inserted in articles 1 and 2 of the Law 352/97 ("Provisions on cultural property") was, in fact, quite broad in scope, providing that, with the aim of gathering and coordinating the legislastive provisions in force in the subject matter, the government would be enabled to bring exclusively the modifications necessary to ensure their formal and material coordination, as well as the rearrangement of the relevant procedures. As far as the implementation of the international obligations is concerned and with specific reference to the international treaties already ratified by Italy, the Legislative Decree of October 29, 1999, number 490, concerning the consolidated statute of the legislative provisions on cultural property and environment (Testo Unico delle disposizioni legislative in materia di beni culturali e ambientali), does not seem to have interpreted extensively the above guidelines. The only relevant provision of the Testo Unico is contained in article 20, which simply confirms that the activity of protection and valorization of cultural property shall be consistent with the principles of cooperation among states and international organizations, principles established in agreements ratified and enforced in Italy in the field of protection of the world and of the national cultural heritage. It is to be pointed out that express references to consistency with international obligations, such as those contained in article 20, are provided mainly with the aim


Title: The corporate image: a strategy for the librarian's new role Abstract: The article analyses the importance of corporate image for the new role of librarians, affecting the cultural and social position of both libraries and librarians. Image is identified as the cause of diverse pro- blems affecting information centres and librarians. The concepts of corporate image, corporate identity and image pro- grammes are defined, together with an explanation of when it is necessary to have an image programme and what bene- fits such programmes offer. A bibliography of recommended readings is also included.


The dipole moment(μ),polarizability(α)and the first hyperpolarizability(β)of van der Waals complexes anion [Li…X]e~(-[1])(X=FH,OH_2,NH_3)were calculated by using ab initio methods with 6-311G basis set series at MP2 level.We also discussed the contribution of the effect of basis set and the electronic correlation on the dipole moment, polarizability and the first hyperpolarizability,and compared the contributions of valence electrons to the first hyperpolarizability.The values of dipole moment,polarizability and the first hyperpolarizability of three complexes anion calculated with MP4(SDQ)/6-311++G(2df 2pd)are:μ=2.5633 a.u.,α=1.0476×10~3 a.u.,β=1.0948×10~5 a.u.for [Li…FH]e~(-[1]),μ=2.3204 a.u.,α=1.2201×10~3 a.u.,β=2.1410×10~5 a.u,for[Li…OH_2]e~(-[1]) andμ=2.4687 a.u.,α=1.4817×10~3 a.u.,β= 3.4040×10~5 a.u.for [Li…NH_3]e~(-[1]),respectively.The results showed that all the three complexes anion had huge first hyperpolarizability,and the contribution of one valence electron to the first hyperpolarizability was more than 1.0×10~5 a.u..


The interest rate market has become a focus since we become the member of the WTO. After 5 years, the government - owned banks will be run with commercialization and marketization. Therefore, a mature and perfect rate system should be set up to compel with the banks of the world.


Frequency diverse array multiple-input multiple-output (FDA-MIMO) radar has received a lot of attention due to the advantages of waveform diversity. Suppression of mainlobe deceptive jamming can be effectively achieved with the degree of freedom (DOF) in the range domain. However, the existing research mainly focuses on non-coherent signals. The echo signal of VHF-FDA-MIMO radar for low elevation has its own unique characteristics. False targets cannot be suppressed with conventional beamforming methods. Thus, a signal model for VHF-FDA-MIMO radar subjected to deceptive jamming is established. The reconstruction of the covariance matrix and the estimation of the steering vector are implemented with the generalized MUSIC algorithm. In addition, a matching Capon reconstruction method is proposed to finish the robust suppression of false targets for the problem of self-cancellation in the absence of a priori information. Finally, the beampattern and performance curves of different methods are compared. The simulation results show that the methods can be effectively applied to the suppression of deceptive jamming in VHF-FDA-MIMO radar under the multipath effect.


of the public sphere, the salons in France, the coffee houses in London and the literary societies in Germany all of which were patronised by critics of art and literature as well as of governments. The questions raised by these debating societies implied a fundamental attack on the power of the church and the state. There was a burgeoning of journals and newspapers, and of political associations. In this heady atmosphere status played a far less important role than the arguments presented by individuals.


Objective: To investigate and determine the hemodynamics and the variation of functions of the heart and lung during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods: The pulmonary artery canula and right radial artery canula were indwelled before anaesthesia and the parameters of hemodynamics was monitored in different period. The preoperative parameters were compared with postoperative ones with t test. Results: During the operation,heart rate increased. Blood pressure decreased significantly at the beginning of no liver period,increased again in a short period and then increased progressively 12 hours after operation. PAP began increasing before no liver period,further increased 60 hours after operation. PCWP changed in accordance with the variation of PAP. CO was at high output level preoperatively,then maintatined to 60 h after operation. SVR was at normal low level preoperatively; PVR was below normal level. During no liver period in the operation, SVR decreased significantly. Both SVR and PVR increased progressively and came to normal postoperatively. Conclusion: The patients with OLT have high output and low resistance preoperatively and during the operation, the hemodyramics recovered gradually postoperatively. Monitoring hemodynamics during perioperative period has its value to prevent and manage pneumonedema and cardiac insufficiency.


In this paper, a new algorithm, called Virtual Tangential Vector (VTV), for real time mobile robot obstacle avoidance for local path planning in indoor environment is proposed and demonstrated. It is for a 2-dimensional space using a 2D laser measurement system (LMS) to detect obstacles. VTV consists of two processes. The first defines a virtual encircled obstacle from three points obtained by a LMS. The second decides movement direction combining the gravity vector to the given target position and the tangential vector obtained from the encircled obstacle. The magnitude of tangential vector is taken proportional to the square of the radius of the encircled obstacle to generate a shorter path. The VTV is tested by several cases to verify the performance of the algorithm and shown to be better when compared with a popular algorithm, the so-called virtual force field (VFF) algorithm.


Pain with spinal cord injured patient remains difficult to understand, diagnose and treat. The presence of peripheral disorders and other (supraspinal) central nervous system pathologies always increases the complexity of clinical manifestations related to pain in patients with persistent spinal cord pathology. It is a clinician's most important responsibility to determine the underlying causes of the patient's symptoms with differential assessment based on sound multidimensional clinical reasoning that is informed by appropriate evidence. The aim of this case report is to describe the importance of implicating available evidence in clinical decision making in a patient, referred for physiotherapy, with left lower quarter hyperalgesia and allodynia and multiple central nervous system disorders associated with spinal, peripheral musculoskeletal disorders and maladaptive psychosocial behaviour. This patient had a past medical history of cervical spine myelomalacia and right parietal lobe epilepsy. During routine musculoskeletal evaluation, we found Grade I spondylolisthesis (L5-S1 level) and a symptom (skin warming) suggestive of mild type-I complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS 1). She also presented with significant positive psychosocial illness. To confirm the predominant causative mechanisms of on-going pain, an evidence search was carried out and correlated with 'diagnostic' clinical reasoning. The evidence search provided accurate validation of all clinical and evaluation findings. In this way clinical decision making regarding the predominant underlying cause for her pain and disability was facilitated. This then helped propose a realistic prognosis as well as a plan for specific physiotherapy intervention and on-going medical management. This case is an example of the vital role and importance of utilising valid evidence for mechanism-based pain diagnosis and treatment in physiotherapy practice.


An ideal visible light communication (VLC) system should facilitate reliable data transmission at high throughputs, while also providing flicker-free illumination at the user-defined dimming level. In this spirit, we conceive a unary code aided dimming scheme for ON-OFF keying (OOK) modulated VLC systems. The proposed unary-coded scheme facilitates joint dimming and throughput control, while relying on iterative decoding. It is demonstrated that the proposed unary-coded dimming scheme provides attractive throughput gains over its contemporaries and it is also capable of approaching the theoretical throughput limit. Furthermore, we design novel joint dimming-forward error correction coding schemes, which significantly outperform their compensation time dimming-based counterparts in terms of the attainable bit error rate performance as well as the throughput. Finally, in the quest for approaching the capacity, we also optimize our system using EXTRINSIC information transfer charts and demonstrate an SNR-gain of upto 6 dB over the compensation time dimming-based classic benchmarker.


Two planktonic algal species, Staurastrum chaetoceras (Schr.) G. M. Smith and Cosmarium abbreviatum Rac. var. planctonicum W. et G. S. West, from trophically different alkaline lakes, were compared in their response to a single saturating addition of phosphate (P) in a P‐limited growth situation. Storage abilities were determined using the luxury coefficient R = Qmax/Q0. Maximum cellular P quotas differed, depending on whether cells were harvested during exponential growth at μmax (Qmax, R being 26.7 and 9.1 for C. abbreviatum and S. chaetoceras, respectively) or harvested after a saturating pulse at P‐limited growth conditions (Q′max, R being 53.5 and 20.2 for C. abbreviatum and S. chaetoceras, respectively). At stringent P‐limited conditions, maximum initial uptake rates were higher in S. chaetoceras than in C. abbreviatum (0.094 and 0.073 pmol P·cell−1·h−1, respectively), but long‐term (net) uptake rates (over ∼20 min) were higher in C. abbreviatum than in S. chaetoceras (0.048 and 0.019 pmol P·cell−1·h−1, respectively). Before growth resumed after the onset of a large P addition (150 μmol·L−1), a lag phase was observed for both species. This period lasted 2–3 days for S. chaetoceras and 3–4 days for C. abbreviatum, corresponding with the time to reach Q′max. Subsequent growth rates (over ∼10 days) were 0.010 h−1 and 0.006 h−1 for S. chaetoceras and C. abbreviatum, respectively, being only 20%–30% of maximum growth rates. In conclusion, S. chaetoceras, with a relatively high initial P‐uptake rate, short lag phase, and high initial growth rate, is well adapted to a P pulse of short duration. Conversely, C. abbreviatum, with a high long‐term uptake rate and high storage capacity, appears competitively superior when exposed to an infrequent but lasting pulse. These characteristics provide information about possible strategies of algal species to profit from temporarily high P concentrations.


Ground water flow and solute transport are controlled by the geological structure and the corresponding heterogeneity and anisotropy of the hydraulic conductivity (K) field. In alluvial aquifers, a complete interdisciplinary characterization of the reservoir is important for reliable predictions. The reconstruction of the subsurface heterogeneity cannot be limited to honor point (e.g., well stratigraphic logs) data, but should also account for the presence of connected high K hydrofacies, which might form preferential flow paths. To explore these concepts an aquifer analogue, at the scale of the point-bar/channel depositional element of a meandering river, was studied. The analogue, exposed in a gravel pit, belongs to the historical sediments of the terraced meandering valley of the Lambro River (Po plain, Northern Italy). The study has been conducted in five steps.


This report provides an in-depth review of the "newcomer program phenomenon" and is designed to promote discussion of how schools can best educate and safeguard the rights of immigrant children. Through telephone interviews and site visits, the report presents data on the characteristic features of existing newcomer programs, the demographic realities that led to their creation, and how a whole host of factors affect program development. Additionally, program design and policies are reviewed covering such areas as prugram structure, exit policies, class size, curriculum, language of instruction, teacher selection, staff development, and program evaluation. To date, at least 17 districts have responded to the influx of newcomers by creating programs designed specifically to meet their academic and adjustment needs. Based on their experiences, several program elements are idertified, including (1) a comprehensive and centralized intake process, (2) clear entrance criteria, (3) strictly enforced exit criteria, (4) a dynamic curriculum, (5) the use of curricular and extracurricular activities, (6) teachers equipped to work with newcomers, (7) bilingual support staff, (8) professional assistance for teachers and staff, and (9) administrators at all levels who understand the needs of newly arrived immigrants. Appendices contain the investigation methodology, interview guide, and newcomer program contacts. (GLR) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ***********************************************************************


INTRODUCTION
Overproduction of immunoglobulin E (IgE) by a subset of B cells plays a key role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies have been successfully used to treat the disease, but long-term application is required.

METHODS
For this study, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against IgE-producing B cells were generated ex vivo by stimulating naive CD8 T cells with IgE-derived peptides presented by Drosophila-derived artificial antigen-presenting cells. Based on the treatment of allergic asthma mice, the inhibitive effect of this CTL on IgE responses and airway inflammation was determined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and histochemical method.

RESULTS
The IgE-specific CTLs effectively lysed target cells in vitro, while the adoptively transferred CTLs specifically inhibited IgE responses and airway inflammation in an asthmatic mouse model. The effect of IgE-specific CTLs is MHC (major histocompatibility complex) Class I-restricted and requires the expression of perforin.

CONCLUSION
IgE-specific CTLs generated ex vivo may provide a novel treatment for allergic asthma and lead to a new therapy for other immunological disorders.


Ele trome hani al A tivity from ECG Signals and 4D Images M. Sermesant1, Y. Coudière2, H. Delingette1, N. Aya he1, J. Sainte-Marie3, D. Chapelle3, F. Clément4, M. Sorine4 1: Epidaure Resear h Proje t, INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, BP 93, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis, Fran e 2: Mathemati s Laboratory, Nantes University, Fran e 3: Ma s Resear h Proje t, INRIA Ro quen ourt, Fran e 4: Sosso Resear h Proje t, INRIA Ro quen ourt, Fran e 7th May 2002 Abstra t We present re ent advan es on a 3D numeri al modeling of the myo ardium whi h ouples ele tri al and biome hani al models. The long-term obje tive is to simulate a realisti ontra tion of the heart from both ele tri al measurements (typi ally the ECG) and geometri al measurements (typi ally provided by medi al imaging). This realisti ontra tion should provide useful quantitative parameters for the diagnosis and also for guiding some new forms of therapy. Our modeling is based on a multi-s ale analysis ranging from mi ros opi to ma ros opi s ales, and integrates a priori information on the overall geometry and on the ber dire tions extra ted from spe i medi al imaging te hniques (e.g. MRI). The FitzHugh-Nagumo equations are solved along with a onstitutive law based on the Hill-Maxwell Rheologi al model, on whi h a data assimilation analysis is done. In medi al image analysis, we believe that this new generation of physi s-based deformable models will be useful to provide a more robust quantitative interpretation of temporal series of ardia images. 1 Introdu tion The knowledge of the heart fun tion has greatly improved on the nanos opi , mi ros opi and mesos opi s ales during the last de ades, thus a global integrative work of this organ be omes on eivable [1℄. It is the obje tive of our multidis iplinary proje t ICEMA1 to build a generi dynami model of the beating heart and a pro edure to automati ally adjust the parameters to any spe i patient from relatively easy-to-a ess measurements: ECGs (ele tro ardiograms) and time sequen es of volumetri medi al images [2℄. On e the generi model is adapted to a spe i patient, it be omes possible to derive a set of quantitative and obje tive parameters useful for lini ians and physiologists.


In this article, I try to think about research methods in our trans-humanities agenda by bringing the meaning of the prefix "trans-" into focus. For this purpose, the concepts of "transculturation" and "transculturality" in cultural and literary studies should be analysed. For example, there is the oldest concept of "transculturation," from the Cuban anthropologist Fernando Ortiz in the 1940s, which was incorporated and further developed within the realm of literary studies by the Urguayan critic Angel Rama in the 1970s, as well as the concept of "transculturation" used by the German philosopher Wolfgang Welsch and the discussions concerning his concept in German cultural and literary studies. On the basis of this paper's analysis, the meaning of the prefix "trans-" in our trans-humanities agenda can be modified in accordance with cultural and scholarly contexts. The trans-humanities are trans-scholarly, which means that this sort of humanities crosses the boundary between the real world and the academy and has relevance to reality beyond the walls of the university. The boundary between outside reality and the academy is permeable, so the humanities of this sort are commnunicable and interactive. Additionally, the trans-humanities are transdisciplinary, a point relevant to research methods. In order to research phenomena in the glocal area, the disciplines must be open, communicating and cooperating with other disciplines.


This paper reviews the electrolytes in view of their charge-discharge characteristics, electrochemical and physical properties for the applications to secondary lithium batteries in about past decade. Also this paper mainly encompasses on the lithium organoborates and fluorinated organic solvents for electrolytes of lithium batteries.


requirement of a comprehensive health service for the prevention of illness, the cure of illness, and for rehabilitation. This concept, however, although generally agreed, has proved difficult to achieve because of the tripartite division of the medical services in Britain. Although the underlying causes militating against integration have been many and varied, there has been no lack of goodwill and much has been done to strengthen the links between the three branches of the National Health


We demonstrate focused emission of visible and near-infrared Smith-Purcell radiation by a free-electron-driven metasurface lens emitter. Our findings pave the way for free-electron light sources focusing at wavelengths lacking efficient optics.


In the globalization era, innovation in hardware and software of ICT in mobilelearning (m-learning) could be an alternative to a learning model. M-learning system uses a handheld and mobile device, such as smartphones, PDAs, laptops, and tablet computers for learning what can be done everywhere, every time and everyone. This research aims to develop an application based on the Android operating system as learning media on a personal computer (PC) assembly techniques for vocational high school students. This research is using research and development method. The subject matter in this application includes the PC introduction, PC assembly, PC maintenance and exercises of the subject.Mlearning application was examined to class X Computer Engineering and Network (CEN) with 40 students as samples. The data collection technique is conducted with pretest and posttest. Data were analyzed by using Paired Samples T-Test. The research concludes the application used by teachers and students in the learning process and run by off-line in devices mobile with the Android operating system. The result shows that the average value of student learning outcomes is 68.25 (pretest) and 72.75 (post-test). After the hypothesis test obtained the score of tcount=3.306 and table =2.042 (tcount>ttable). From this study, it can be concluded that there is a significant learning outcome assembly of personal computers after using m-learning application.


In this work, we study the 1+1 longitudinal acceleration expansion of hot and dense quark matter as a conducting relativistic fluid with the electric conductivity σ. The plasma has embedded in the presence of electric and magnetic fields which are perpendicular together in the transverse plane. In order to be more realistic, we generalize the Bjorken solution, which includes the acceleration effects on the fluid expansion. We apply a perturbation fashion in initial condition to solve the relativistic magneto-hydrodynamics equations. This procedure leads us to achieve the exact algebraic expressions for both electric and magnetic fields. We also find the effects of the electromagnetic fields on the acceleration of the fluid, and the correction of energy density obtained from the magnetohydrodynamics solutions.


Early childhood education is a privileged context for children to develop their language and communication abilities (Dickinson, 2011). More specifically, it is demonstrated that the quality of the interactions between teachers and children plays a protective role on language and communication development for more vulnerable children (Burchinal et al. 2010; Simard et al. 2013). The current study explores the quality of interactions in kindergarten in the French-speaking part of Belgium (second year for children of 4-5 years old). Observations took place in 17 classes, using the CLASS® Pre-K (Classroom Assessment Scoring System®, Pianta et al. 2008). Similar to other international investigations, our results show heterogeneity in the scores of the different classes. But overall, emotional support and classroom organization reach medium to high quality level, while instructional support shows a low average score. Some dimensions of the instructional support vary as a function of the teacher/children ratio and the type of activity. This exploratory study enables a reflection about language development support in early childhood education and raises questions about creative ways to optimize it.


In Clark's thoughtful analysis of the evolution of the two facets of pride, he suggests that the concurrent existence of hubristic and authentic pride in humans represents a "persistence problem," wherein the vestigial trait (hubristic pride) continues to exist alongside the derived trait (authentic pride). In our view, evidence for the two facets does not pose a persistence problem; rather, hubristic and authentic pride both likely evolved as higher-order cognitive emotions that solve uniquely human—but distinct— evolutionary problems. Instead of being conceptualized as serial homologues, with one the vestigial form of the other, we argue that hubristic and authentic pride are both derived homologues of a vestigial proto-pride emotion that existed in our shared ancestry with other primates.


The constant change in the erosion zone of magnetron sputtering targets makes simulating their profile difficult, whilst the measurement of real-world systems requires a long working time. However, by using the measured erosion zone profile of a real target, a formula for calculating the uniformity of thin films has been developed. Using this, it has been found that the erosion zone of a 4" cylindrical magnetron target can improve coating uniformity.


Objective:Dynamically observe the effect of electroacupuncture with shuigou(Du26) acupoint on neurological function and blood-brain barrier of the rats with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in order to study the targets of electroacupuncture for hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods:The rat model was induced hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage by injecting collagenase and heparin into the nucleus caudatus of SHR.The therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture on Shuigou(DU26) acupoint for neurological function and the permeability of blood-brain barrier was evaluated with Bederson's neurologic examination and Evan's Blue(EB) and compared with that of model group,sham-operated group and control group.Results:The score of neurologic examination and the content of EB in brain tissue in model group were significantly incresed(vs control group and sham-operated group,P0.01),while in electroacupunture treatment group,the score of neurologic examination(vs model group on 1d,3d 7d,P0.01) and the content of EB(vs model group,P0.05~0.01)was significantly decreased.Conclusion:Electroacupunture may effectively down-regulate the permeability of blood-brain barrier so as to protect the brain from the damage from vasogenic brain edema and promote the recovery of neurological function of the rats with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.


Based on the analysis of smart substation network architecture and focuses on the typical application in smart substation network system,key technologies of intelligent substation-based network test,including functional and performance testing,network system level testing,substation site testing are introduced.The theory that smart substation network test should simulate the building of the actual data flow is proposed,and the entire station network data exchange performance is test out.These viewpoints provide a strong basis for a smooth safe and stable operation of the smart substation,but also lay a good network infrastructure for future upgrades and expansion of the entire station.


Compiled from articles written for the Monthly Magazine, the Evening Chronicle and other periodicals, Sketches by Boz (1836-7) was a best seller when it first appeared. It is presented here with other carefully selected pieces of Dickens'journalism, all of which reflected the humour and social concerns that were to characterise Dickens' novels. Besides providing preliminary sketches of the literary world of his novels, Dickens' journalism vividly maps out London as thewriter knew it, a whirlpool of activity and change.


Structural analyses of the NR5A nuclear receptors (NR5A1 and NR5A2) show that PIP2 and PIP3 bind these transcription factors in a format where the acyl chains are buried deep in the core of the NR5A protein, while the phospholipid headgroups are solvent exposed. We previously demonstrated that the phosphoinositide headgroups of these complexes are accessible to nuclear lipid signaling enzymes, which directly modify these transcription factor‐bound PIPs, altering the transcriptional output from NR5As. Here, we took a proteomics approach to ask if the solvent exposed PIP3 headgroup is available to interact with nuclear proteins. We identified two PH‐domain containing proteins that interact with NR5A1/PIP3, but not other phospholipid bound forms of NR5A1, and siRNA knockdown of these two genes decreases NR5A1 transcriptional activity. PH‐domains are one of the most well represented domain classes in the human genome, and are widely thought to mediate membrane binding, however only 10% of the PH‐domain proteins in yeast bind membranes. Our data suggest a fraction of PH‐domain containing proteins act as readers of nuclear PIP3, while nuclear lipid signaling enzymes acts as writers and erasers of nuclear PIP3. These data provide a direct mechanism that explains how nuclear PIP3 mediates transcriptional activation in mammalian cells.


THE ARMISTICE EXTENDED. Because of the confusion prevailing in Berlin and elsewhere in Germany and the difficulty of tinding a government capable of signing an authoritative and binding treaty, the Allies ha ve extended the armistice for one month. Hut they have coupled with this extension a new condition, under which they reserve the right to occupy the neutral zone on the east hank of the Rhine. north of the Cologne bridgehead and as far as the Dutch frontier. if advisable in order to obtain fresh guarantees. Already the .\merican and Allied forces control about 120 miles of the Rhine: and. if they occupy the neutal zone on the east bank, they will cover ninety miles more, and will be in the heart of the manufacturingdistrict of Rhenish Prussia and \\·e~tphalia. From present indications. this extension of the area of occupation may he absolutely necessary to the preservation of order, for conflicting revolutionary and countcr-revolutionarv movements in Berlin mav reach the stage of open conflict any day. .


The invention discloses a bisphosphonate or biphosphonic acid self-emulsifying formulation for the prevention and treatment of diseases relating to calcium or phosphate metabolism and the like. The preparation dosage forms can be capsules, tablets, or other controlled release drug delivery systems, or drugs instruments containing the bisphosphonate or biphosphonic acid self-emulsifying formulation. The bisphosphonate or biphosphonic acid self-emulsifying formulation mainly aims to potentially improve the bioavailability of bisphosphonate or biphosphonic acid compounds, and can avoid gastrointestinal side effects.


The article presents a comparison of the use of a ball mill and an electromagnetic mill for the grinding sandstones, taking into account the obtained grain fractions. The simplified principle of an electromagnetic mill operation has been described, as a relatively new device, which is increasingly gaining popularity. The same amount of feed was mixed with similar values of individual fractions in both devices. On the basis of the obtained results, the performance of both mills was compared and the effectiveness of using an electromagnetic mill was determined for further use.


Historically, reimbursement policies have shaped the delivery of therapy services. The purpose of the current study was to address a limitation in the data collection of a previous pilot study, which assumed billing sheets to be representative of actual therapy activities. Billing sheets were systematically selected (n = 35) from a skilled nursing facility and compared to corresponding weekly progress notes (n = 98) to determine the percent agreement between the two. The average percent agreement across the billing sheets and progress notes was 87.9 percent. Using percent agreement calculations, this study demonstrated that billing sheets are representative of occupational therapy intervention as documented in weekly progress notes.


This article examines briefly the views of the legal realists, and considers the Trump administration's approach to international trade dispute settlement in that context. What may at times leave trade observers puzzled may just be a practical approach to tilting the scales in the favor of the United States. The substantive rules matter and the procedural rules matter, but the judges also matter. The Trump administration recognizes the importance of the last one, and it is willing to fight to get the judges it wants.


UV laser irradiation of PMMA films containing Cd thiolate precursors results in the spatially selective formation of CdS crystalline nanoparticles in the host matrix. Here we investigate the effect of the irradiation wavelength on the quality of the formed nanocrystals. Fluorescence topography and XPS studies reveal that the polymer matrix contributes to the trap states formation on the surface of the nanocrystals. When the latter are formed upon irradiation at 266 nm, they exhibit broad emission spectra, ascribed to the high degree of photodegradation of the polymer. In contrast, the irradiation at 355 nm does not chemically modify the matrix, resulting in the formation of CdS nanocrystals with narrow emission, i.e. high emission quality. This is further confirmed by fluorescence lifetime topography studies giving a mean fluorescence nanocrystal lifetime as short as 200 ps at room temperature. Thus, the optimized combination of irradiation wavelength with polymer matrix gives nanocomposite materials inco...


*This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America. Knowledge of the embryology and microscopic anatomy of the ovary is fundamental to the understanding of the various cancer types that originate in this organ. A complete description of the embryology and anatomy of the ovary is beyond the scope of this monograph; however, comprehensive reviews are available for those who seek more detail. The current discussion focuses on key developmental events and anatomic features that shed light on the natural history of ovarian cancers. At approximately five weeks of gestation, thickenings of the lining of the posterior embryonic body cavity, the coelomic epithelium, form the genital ridges. Continued proliferation of the coelomic epithelium into the underlying primitive connective tissue, known as the mesenchyme, leads to the formation of the primordial indifferent gonads. Cells from adjacent transient embryonic structures, known as mesonephros, concurrently invade the mesenchyme, and the primordial germ cells arrive after a long journey that starts at their place of origin in the yolk sac and takes the cells along the distal embryonic intestine and the posterior wall of the embryonic body cavity. The different tumor types that arise in the ovary are linked to the different cell types that are present at this stage of development: coelomic epithelial, mesenchymal, mesonephric, and germ cells. Ovaries and testes develop in similar fashion until approximately the fourth month of embryonic life. This finding explains the origin of tumors that are commonly associated with testicular tissue but appear in the ovaries and vice versa. At two months gestation, the primitive gonad is recognized as an ovary because of the lack of development of the well-defined testicular sex cords. Instead, mesonephric cells and germ cells remain closely associated, forming illdefined ovarian sex cords embedded in the primitive mesenchyme. The coelomic epithelium remains at the periphery, enwrapping the developing ovary. In the adult, the ovaries are flat, nodular, oval structures that measure between 3 and 5 cm in their greatest dimension and weigh between 2 and 4 g. They are suspended by peritoneal folds and ligaments on either side of the uterus and attached to the back of the broad ligament of the uterus, behind and below the uterine tubes. A single layer of cells, the surface epithelium, which is derived from the coelomic epithelium, lines their external surface. A dense, fibrous tissue, the stroma, which is derived from the mesenchyme, makes up most of their internal substance. The germ cells, also known as oocytes, are located near the periphery of the stroma. The granulosa cells, specialized cells of probable mesonephric origin that are derived from the sex cords, surround the germinal cells that form the follicles. The stroma immediately surrounding the follicles differentiates into plum elongated cells known as theca cells. When stimulated, theca 2631


parents [N = 66] who were identified as abusive by county departments of social services following their investigation of reports of alleged abuse." The principal conclusion that emerges from the study is "that abuse incidents initiate with some behavior on the part of the child which the parent, correctly or incorrectly, justifiably or unjustifiably, perceives as aversive and as requiring some intervention to change." The text begins with an excellent and concise review of physical child abuse and ends with a section on conclusions and implications for practice. Other chapters deal with abuse as an "interactional event," summaries of the records review and interviews with abusive parents and a section on factors associated with the abuse event. Kadushin and Martin are quick to point out that there are serious potential pitfalls in ex post facto research of this type. One such concerns the reliability of parents' reports of an abusive incident in which they were the perpetrator and which occurred years earlier. Yet, in a curious way, these somewhat suspect data constitute one of the strongest and most compelling sections of the book. The authors offer us a rare first-hand glimpse into the world of child abuse, at least as seen through the eyes of the abusing parent. These are moving, painful, and disturbing accounts. They would be as much value for discussion in classes On social work methods as the book itself would be for a case study in social work exploratory research. Above all, Kadushin and Martin caution against any simplistic interpretations of the abusive situation: in their view it is a complex interactional event. Their observations are presented tentatively and with a clear call for further research into the situational factors immediately preceding the abuse event. This book is recommended to anyone desiring a first-person introduction into the world of the abusive parent.