Eating offers pleasure at the risk of future pain. This truism holds today more than ever with our increasing ability to detect and identify food-borne illness. Wellpublicized outbreaks of cholera, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and E. Coli 0157:H7 have made people aware that food-borne disease makes a lot of us sick every year. An estimated 76 million illnesses annually in the United States alone, with over 300,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, imposing an estimated cost in the tens of billions of dollars (Crutchfield et al. 1997; Mead et al. 1999). For example, Buzby and Roberts (Buzby and Roberts 1996) estimated that for six bacterial pathogens, the costs of human illness are estimated to be US$ 9.3 12.9 billion annually. Of these costs, US$ 2.9 6.7 billion are attributed to food-borne bacteria. One estimate suggests 1 out of 3 consumers in industrialized nations suffers from known and newly recognized food-borne diseases each year (Food safety a worldwide public health issue 2000). And if one looks globally we might also note that: "hundreds of millions of people around the world fall sick as a result of consuming contaminated food and water.... Children under five still suffer an estimated 1.5 billion annual episodes of diarrhea, which result in more than three million premature deaths" (Brundtland 2001). Many experts anticipate that the risks posed by food-borne disease will increase before they fall. Risks worsen as environmental and demographic conditions change. Sources of new risks include the climate, microbial systems, drinking-water supplies, sanitation, aging, urbanization, migration, consumption habits, tourism, and the mass production and international trade in food and feed (Kaferstein and Abdussalam 1999). The risks are prompting people to demand additional investment, both in the private and public sector, in processes and technologies that will continue to produce inexpensive food but with fewer food-borne risks (e.g., HACCP; irradiation, e.g. (Buzby and Roberts 1996; Lutter 1999; Unnevehr and Jensen 1999; Shogren et al. 1999). Policy experts stress the need to protect the vulnerable – infants and children, pregnant women, the undernourished, the elderly, and the immuno-compromised. Policymakers in many developed nations have responded to these concerns by publicly committing to strengthen existing programs and to create new policies for safer food. In the United States for example, the Clinton Administration through Executive Order 13100 reinvigorated the question of food safety by introducing the President's Food-safety Initiative (FSI) in 1997, and the President's Council on Food Safety in 1998. The US$ 43-million FSI program focused on reducing the number of illnesses caused by microbial contamination through improved identification and control, enhanced surveillance, and better risk communication and education (Miller and Altekruse 1998). The Council recently unveiled its 2001 Food-safety Strategic


The article discusses the issues of paradigm of finance and a rise of the so-called new risks as drivers of systemic risk. The aim of the paper is to highlight observed changes in finance paradigm that in the classical approach involved a "servient role" of financial institutions towards the client with a view to economic growth. At the time before the crisis, the paradigm evolved towards "greed" of financial institutions. According to the authors, a shift of finance paradigm and a rise of the so-called new risks may affect the level of systemic risk.


Nightingale Macmillan Unit, Derby Drugs which may cause peripheral oedema Drugs which are known to cause oedema may exacerbate pre-existing chronic oedema such as lymphoedema. Examples include: worsening primary lymphoedema with the use of the combined oral contraceptive pill or a calcium channel blocker for co-existing hypertension; increased swelling in arm oedema secondary to breast cancer treatment when docetaxel chemotherapy is administered; and the exacerbation of immobility-related lymphovenous oedema in a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) when given corticosteroids to treat the MS. Drugs which may be involved in these situations will be considered in the first part of this paper.


An experimental model of drug dependence in rats by free drin- king of drug solutions was established and used for studying the interactions between dependence-producing properties of alcohol and Qiang Tong Ding (AP-237). Results showed that: (1)both physical and psychic dependence on alcohol and AP-237 appeared in rats after 35 days of drug administration; (2)psychic depen- dence potential on the combination of alcohol with AP-237 was higher than that on alcohol or AP-237 when used separately; (3) AP-237 did not influence the phy- sical dependence on alcohol, but the former's physical dependence potential was enhanced significantly by concomitant use with the latter.


Sediments from ODP Holes 699A, 700B, 702B, 703A, and 704B were studied in order to determine and to understand the distribution of Bolboforma. Ten Bolboforma taxa were detected in the 294 samples analyzed. Based on Bolboforma species, a zonation correlated to the paleomagnetic record is proposed for the late middle Eocene to early Oligocene. Four biozones can be defined: the Bolboforma indistincta Zone for the lower part of the upper middle Eocene sequence, the Bolboforma eocena Zone for the upper part of the upper middle Eocene to upper Eocene, the Bolboforma geomaris Zone for the upper Eocene, and the Bolboforma latdorfensis Zone for the lower Oligocene sequence.


This paper concerns the insulation of reactors and resistors in the harmonic filter circuits on the dc side of an HVDC converter station. The cost of these reactors and resistors is greatly dependent on their insulation levels, and could be a substantial part of the total filter costs if their insulation levels are comparable to the insulation level of the dc busbars.


The in-plane compressive failure behavior of three-dimensional(3D)needled C/C composites was studied and the results show that the stress-strain behavior is found to consist of four domains,including non linear anelasticity domain at the beginning of the curve,the linear elasticity domain,the non linear damage domain and the failure domain with decreasing stress.The studies of cyclic loading-unloading experiment indicate that the stress-strain behavior of the linear elasticity domain has a good repeatability while the stress-strain behavior of the non linear da-mage domain is concerned with the course of the loading.The in-plane compression failure often occurs by interface debonding at the end of the specimen and delamination of whole specimen,which are mainly affected by the fiber/matrix interfacial bonding strength.


A housing for all-glass-metal heat pipe vacuum tube, comprising all glass closure housing, a metal heat pipes, characterized in that: a metal heat pipe overall package enclosed within the housing in a vacuum all-glass, metal heat pipe by a closed phase change heat transfer agent, the metal tube container , phase change heat transfer agent, the metal heat absorbing end of heat pipe, the heat pipe heat the metal terminal, the metal terminal and the metal heat pipe heat absorbing end of heat pipe connecting the throat composition; metal heat pipe end closed housing with all-glass binding composition corresponding to the whole of the housing metallic heat conducting means glass metal heat pipe vacuum tube heat absorption end, the metal heat pipe heat terminated and all-glass enclosed housing corresponding to the binding composition exothermic end of the housing all-glass-metal heat pipe vacuum tube, the metal heat pipe heat absorbing end of the metal heat pipe heat ends connecting the throat to the corresponding all-glass closure housing, the housing constituting a full glass heat pipe mounting metal sealing surface of the vacuum tube; getter is fixed on the metal heat pipe collector tube glass envelope protective cap end portion.


The cellular decay in mensteric lymph node cell suspensions was studied by combining nigrosin dye exclusion and 3H-thymidine autoradiography. The labelling pattern of non-viable cells was followed during a period of 14 days after injection of a single dose of 3H-thymidine into NMRI-mice 30 to 45 days of age. The decaying cells were divided into DNA-synthesizing and non-DNA-synthesizing cells. The decay of DNA-syntresizing cells partly reflects' a decay of blast cells proliferating in situ, i. e. germinal centre cells with a decay rate of 20 per cent. The majority of cells decaying in the lymph node seems to be carried to the organ by the blood or lymph stream. The results are discussed on the basis of knowledge of lymphoid cell migration streams between the various lymphoid organs and the existence of short-lived lymphocyte populations.


A module hosting a 4×4 polarization-independent optical-switch array with an original fiber attachment has been fabricated and tested, and its application to ATM switching is proposed.


Documented cases of intracranial Hodgkin's disease are rare. Most of these cases are demonstrated only at postmortem examination. The case reported herein illustrates effective treatment with irradiation of biopsy‐proven intracranial Hodgkin's disease. Radioisotope scanning proved to be of particular value both in the original diagnosis of this problem and following the therapeutic response.


Argues for an approach aimed not only at the material restoration of lost or injured assets, but also paving the way for social, economic and cultural rehabilitation of affected indigenous communities. Focuses essentially on Latin America and draws to an extent on the ILO's research and technical cooperation activities in that region.


We examine whether changes in sovereign credit ratings assessments provided by rating agencies help to determine international bank flows to emerging countries. We focus on the quarterly banking flows of G7 countries to a sample of 55 emerging market borrowers for the period 1995-2008. We find strong evidence indicating that sovereign credit rating revisions have significantly positive influences on international bank flows from developed markets even after extensively controlling for other determinants. In addition, we find strong regional rating spillover effects. In general, ratings improvements in one emerging market region reduces bank flows to the other regions. However, there is evidence of positive ratings spillover effects from Asia Pacific to Eastern Europe. Our findings have important implications for financial institutions management with renewed efforts to strengthen the international banking system.


Background The efficacy of radiotherapy for glioma is often limited by the radioresistance of glioma cells. The radiosensitizing effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on glioma were found in the previous studies of our group. In order to enhance the radiosensitivity of tumor cells and selectively kill them while reducing the side effects of irradiation therapy, targeted modification of AgNPs is urgently needed. Materials and methods In the present study, AgNPs functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and aptamer As1411 (AsNPs) were synthesized and subsequently characterized by transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Then the targeting property of AsNPs was evaluated by dark-field imaging, confocal microscopy and in vivo imaging. Both colony formation assay and glioma-bearing mouse model were employed to study the radiosensitizing effect of AsNPs. Results The characterization results revealed a spherical shape of AgNPs with an average diameter of 18 nm and the successful construction of AsNPs. AsNPs were confirmed to specifically target C6 glioma cells, but not normal human microvascular endothelial cells. Moreover, AsNPs could not only internalize into tumor cells, but also penetrate into the core of tumor spheroids. In vitro experiments showed that AsNPs exhibited a better radiosensitizing effect than AgNPs and PEGylated AgNPs (PNPs), inducing a higher rate of apoptotic cell death. In vivo imaging demonstrated that Cy5-AsNPs preferentially accumulated at the tumor site, and the ratio of fluorescence intensity of Cy5-AsNPs to that of Cy5-PNPs reached the maximum at 6 h post-systemic administration. Furthermore, the combination of AsNPs with irradiation significantly prolonged the median survival time of C6 glioma-bearing mice. Conclusion Our results indicated that AsNPs could be an effective nano-radiosensitizer for glioma targeting treatment.


This paper presents a new method for predicting the net harmonic currents produced by a large number of residential PV inverters. The simple experimental based models of a PV inverter, which have been installed at the Sydney Olympic Village, are described. The effect of background harmonic voltages, input current from PV arrays and also randomness in individual inverter's harmonic performances are taken into account. The model allows for harmonic cancellation due to diversity of magnitudes and phase angles. The study includes the harmonic measurement, data analysis, statistical analysis, mathematical modeling technique and simulations. The results of measurement from the Sydney Olympic Village and UNSW laboratory are compared to the simulation to confirm the accuracy of the models. Those results also show that harmonic voltages at the Olympic Village are far below both the IEEE 519-1992 and Australian Standard limits even after the operation of all PV inverter systems in the solar village (1.9%), and ready for the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games.


During the last decade, low-dimensional semiconductors have been studied as some of the most interesting subjects in solid-state physics because they show unique electronic and optical properties caused by the quantum confinement effect. Due to their unique properties, low-dimensional semiconductors such as quantum dots (0D), quantum wires (1D), and quantum wells (2D) have been utilized for a wide variety of electronic and photonic device applications. This article presents the characteristics of the low-dimensional semiconductors and their quantum photonic applications, such as nanoscale lightemitting devices, single-photon sources, and exciton-polariton lasers.


This study aims to analyze how the influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Efficiency Ratio (ER) to Return on Assets (ROA) in banking companies in Indonesia listing on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2015-2016. The population of this study are all 31 banking companies listed on BEI. The required data is secondary data in the form of financial statements of each bank in 20152016. To find out the influence of independent variable (X) to dependent variable (Y) multiple linear regression analysis technique is applied. The result shows that the variable of CAR, LDR, ER of banking company that are listed in BEI year 2015-2016 have an effect on ROA and have coefficient mark corresponding to theory.


The role of Women entrepreneur in economic development is also being recognized and steps are being taken to promote women entrepreneurship. Women entrepreneurship must be molded properly with entrepreneurial traits and skills to meet the changes in trends, challenges global markets and also be competent enough to sustain and strive for excellence in the entrepreneurial arena. The study is about analyzing the entrepreneurship of women in Coimbatore city. The main objective is to investigate pull and push factors for women in entering entrepreneurship and to find out what kind of motivations women have as well as what barriers they need to faced. For this purpose primary data will be collected from 150 respondents who are residing at Coimbatore and it is concluded that women in Coimbatore city have higher interest towards starting a new business and this has to be taken in to consideration by the government towards women empowerment.


A sufficient condition for the new Robbins-Monro sequential procedure proposed by Moser and Fei in 1989 is proved. Any root for the increasing regression function used in this new procedure can be presented as a linear combination of the roots estimated. Some examples are given to expound the sufficient condition and the linear combination.


Objective To explore the feasibility and clinical significance of CO2 laser irradiation for partial nephrectomy.Methods Fourteen rabbits for animal test were divided into groups randomly,whose kidneys were irradiated with CO2 laser in vivo.Each kidney group was treated with certain parameters of CO2 laser,including pulse energy,frequency,and irradiation time.The depth and diameter of the crater were measured immediately after irradiation.The biological effects were observed with naked eyes and histological examination,and were analyzed statistically.Results CO2 laser had good vaporization,cutting and coagulation effect on the kidney and could stop bleeding rapidly.There was a positive correlation between the depth of crater and pulse energy,frequency and irradiation time.The depth and diameter of the crater increased with the energy density.With the increase of the energy density,the increase trend gradually slowed down and eventually stopped.Conclusions With appropriate dosage parameters,the non-contact radiation of CO2 laser on kidney is safe and effective in treatment.


This work investigates the impediments to innovation faced by Malaysian manufacturing firms and whether they differ between firms that eventually engage in innovation activities and firms that do not. The shortcomings and obstacles encountered are assessed. Complementarities between the obstacles are also evaluated. The data are taken from the National Survey of Innovation 2000–2001 carried out in 2003 and the results show that firms which are engaged in innovation activities are more likely to face impediments. The level of importance of obstacles and the way the obstacles combine to impede innovation activities are also different for the two groups. Policies to encourage innovation should consider the different needs of firms that are engaged in innovation activities and firms that are not.


The use of herbal tea (tisane) is quite commonplace in Latin America, generating profit to companies dedicated to this business. This work sought to study the conditions for elaborating and optimizing the raw materials used. For this research, we used a total of 22 aromatic herbs that comprise tisane. To study them during a first stage, we utilized a Plackett-Burman design. The samples generated were evaluated by a taste panel made up of 30 individuals; responses to the sensory evaluation were studied via utility functions to favor pleasing responses and penalize the undesirable ones. We identified that only two variables turned out to be important, while the others may be kept constant. These two variables have been optimized in three subsequent stages by applying the maximum slope methodology, noting that there are no variations from the panel, indicating that they are around the maximum, which offers the optimal conditions for the product.


This paper aims to investigate the importance, expectation, perception, and satisfaction of students at public higher educational institutions in Malaysia with regard to educational service quality and customer satisfaction. Another objective of this paper is to propose an index for Educational Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction (ESQCSi). The sub-dimensions of Educational Service Quality according to this model are reliability, assurance, empathy, responsiveness, tangibles (program quality and servicescapes), communication, knowledge/ expertise, systems/secondary services, social responsibility and self-development.A modified SERVQUAL instrument was used to gather information specifically for higher education. This instrument used ten sub-dimensions or variables instead of the five variables in the original SERVQUAL.  The data was analyzed using the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) method.  The index for Educational Service Quality (ESQ) was -12.1316 and the index for Customer Satisfaction (CS) was 63.6187. Therefore, the index for ESQCSi was purported to be 51.4871.The Practical implications of this research is that academics and administrators at higher educational institutions can use this technique to allocate organizational resources and prioritize their efforts.


On realizing group behaviors of an autonomous multi-robot system, designing local interaction among autonomous robots in groups is one of the key research issues. Not limiting maintaining stable group formation, transferring some emergency mode rapidly in a large group is another important group behavior mimicking a swarm of fishes or birds. In this paper, we proposed a mechanism for group emergency stopping in multi-mobile robot system, which is based on motion control of multi-lane highway traffic. Swarm effects of emergency mode transferring for cases with individual urgent stopping source and common urgent stop source are addressed, and simulation-based analysis are provided for illustrating the validity of group emergency stop mechanism and analyzing the swarm effects with subgroups. Additionally, an Attention Mode and its implementation mechanism is proposed for enhancing the swarm effects while urgent stopping source happens in different timing to different subgroup.


© 2 0 1 0 T H E A U T H O R S J O U R N A L C O M P I L A T I O N © 2 0 1 0 B J U I N T E R N A T I O N A L 5 8 5 should always be done under direct vision. This is achieved by having adequate haemostasis and by keeping the engaged piece directly in front of the lens of the nephroscope, with the nephroscope lowered down to keep the cutting blades in the middle of the bladder. An average of 15–20 cases is needed for the trainee to feel confident with the technique [13]. However, others have reported that an endourologist inexperienced with HoLEP can perform the procedure with reasonable efficiency after about 50 cases, with an outcome comparable to that of the experts [14]. We feel that it is also important that learning the technique is easier if cases follow closely after each other to avoid relearning for every case.


The article examines to what extent the right to privacy, as respectively acknowledged by Art. 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and by Art. 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights (1950), encompasses data protection principles and norms. By comparing the case law developed pursuant to both provisions with the relevant provisions contained in international instruments specifically dealing with data protection, it concludes that is Art. 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights that includes data protection principles and norms in a relatively more comprehensive fashion. That seems to be the effect of the shared "European roots" of both the European Convention on Human Rights and the main data protection instruments.


Objective To investigate the current situation of nurses' caring behavior and analyze its influencing factors,in order to provide basis for the practice of caring behavior.Methods Caring nurse-patient interaction scale-short scale ( CNPI-23 ) was used to investigate 272 chnical nurses' caring behavior from 3 aspects of importance,competence and feasibility.The score of each item for each aspect was 5 to 15,and total score of the scale was 69 to 345.The Cronbach' s α of the scale was 0.97,and of the 3 aspects was 0.92 to 0.95.The exploratory and confirmative factor analysis showed that CNPI-23 had good construct validity.Results 272 questionnaires were given out,267 were called back and 260 were effective,with the effective rate of 95.6%.The score of each item ranged from 11.67 to 14.23,of which the highest 5 items were mainly about operative caring behavior,and the lowest 5 items were mainly about expressive caring behavior.The age and working life of nurses were positively correlated with the score of competency aspect ( r =0.35,P < 0.05 )and clinical caring dimension within feasibility aspect ( r =0.40,P < 0.05 ).Nurses' age was also positively correlated with the score of humanistic care within competency aspect ( r =0.13,P < 0.05 ).The higher nurses' professional title was,the higher their scores in competency aspect ( x2 =22.00,P < 0.05 ) and feasibility aspect ( x2 =10.71,P < 0.05 ) were.Conclusions Rich life and work experience and the improvement of competency can promote nurses' caring behavior.

Key words:
Nurses; Caring; Humanistic care; Nurse-patient interaction


In general, energy storage cells/modules (hereafter, simply ―cells‖) need to be connected in series to form a string to meet system voltage requirements. The voltages of individual seriesconnected cells gradually become imbalanced due to characteristic mismatches in terms of capacity/ capacitance, self-discharge rate, and internal impedance. The temperature gradient in energy storage modules/systems comprising numerous cells connected in series is another major cause of voltage imbalance, because the self-discharge rate is significantly temperature dependent. If cell voltages are mismatched, some cells with higher (or lower) voltages might be overcharged (or over discharged) during the charging (or discharging) process because cells are charged (or discharged) in series. Energy storage cells, particularly lithium-ion cells, must be operated within a safety boundary to ensure years of safe operation otherwise resulting in accelerated aging and increased risks of hazardous consequences triggering an explosion in the worst-case scenario. Accordingly, for energy storage modules/systems to operate safely and properly, cell voltage equalization techniques to eliminate and/or preclude cell voltage imbalance are crucial.


We describe an offline unconstrained Arabic handwritten word recognition system based on segmentation-free approach and discrete hidden Markov models (HMMs) with explicit state duration. Character durations play a significant part in the recognition of cursive handwriting. The duration information is still mostly disregarded in HMM-based automatic cursive handwriting recognizers due to the fact that HMMs are deficient in modeling character durations properly. We will show experimentally that explicit state duration modeling in the HMM framework can significantly improve the discriminating capacity of the HMMs to deal with very difficult pattern recognition tasks such as unconstrained Arabic handwriting recognition. In order to carry out the letter and word model training and recognition more efficiently, we propose a new version of the Viterbi algorithm taking into account explicit state duration modeling. Three distributions (Gamma, Gauss, and Poisson) for the explicit state duration modeling have been used, and a comparison between them has been reported. To perform word recognition, the described system uses an original sliding window approach based on vertical projection histogram analysis of the word and extracts a new pertinent set of statistical and structural features from the word image. Several experiments have been performed using the IFN/ENIT benchmark database and the best recognition performances achieved by our system outperform those reported recently on the same database.


This review concerning the status of taeniasis/cysticercosis in China has been compiled from various reports of studies conducted over the past 30 years, most of which have appeared in national publications in Chinese. Previous hospital reports and epidemiologic surveys have indicated that taeniasis/ cysticercosis has been distributed throughout 671 counties in 29 provinces or prefectures of China. There are an estimated three million cysticercosis cases nationwide, while Taenia asiatica has presently been confirmed by DNA typing as occurring in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou Provinces. Although efforts to reduce transmission of taeniasis/cysticercosis have occurred in most endemic areas over the last 30 years, reports conducted over the past 15 years in southwest China have indicated that cysticercosis is emerging as a serious public health problem in this area. The most recent available information on this food-borne parasitic disease, from a Tibetan population in Sichuan, is presented in this review. In addition, recommendations for a national surveillance program for cysticercosis are discussed.


Abstract In this paper, the change of natural frequencies and the mode shapes of bladed disk assembly due to mistuning is investigated by applying perturbation theory. It is well known that for rotor assemblies the different properties of each blade, which is called mistuning, affect greatly the structure behavior. Thus, the effect of mistuning on the vibration of bladed disk has been studied for more than 30 years. Many techniques have been developed to understand the vibration of mistuned rotors as well as to reduce the computational time for mistuning simulation or statistical analysis. However, in this paper a different approach is carried out. Two kinds of perturbation analysis are presented. The first perturbation analysis is applied by using 'standard' perturbation technique. By employing this technique it can be shown that the computed natural frequencies and corresponding modes by using subset of nominal modes (Yang and Griffin, 1999) can be improved. The advantages and disadvantages of this technique are discussed as well. The second analysis is performed on basis of relative perturbation theory. The application of relative perturbation theory makes it possible to estimate the bounds of modal characteristics of mistuned bladed disk. A simple model of mistuned bladed disk assembly and a turbine model are given as numerical examples to verify the techniques. Even though the solution using relative perturbation theory can very well set the bounds of natural frequencies, this approach cannot fully capture the characteristic of blade modes. Therefore, the new progress in this field is still being studied.


Visual range of net twines with different colors and diameters (Table 1) was observed succesively in an experimental tank (Fig. 1) containing water of serially different turbidity (Fig. 2). Variations of visual range with the wave length of incident light was also observed using a series of color filters (Table 2 and Fig. 3). Visibility or visual range γ of net twine in water of turbidity k seen from the light source of parallel illumination is expressed by the following equation; e=e-2kr(8R/f180-1), where e is the contrast threshold of observer, R is the luminous albedo of the net twine and f180 is the mean relative backward scattering function of surrounding water. The value of e of an observer is generally a function of the brightness of background and the visual angle θ of target. In this experiment the value of e was calculated by observing long and narrow strips of grayish paper of different width with known albedo, backgrounded by a constant brightness, and the following experimental formula was obtained (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5); e=e0/1-e-θθ where e0 and α are parametric constants depending probably on the background brightness and the shape of target, respectively. The backward scattering is generally very difficult to obtain, therefore the values of e/e-2kr=8R/f180-1≅B were calculated to test their constancy through a series of experiments with a fixed twine (sample No. 1) and any one fixed color filter, the results being shown in Table 4. The variation of this value with the turbidity of water is not negligibly small except in the case of green light.


The paper presents an applied research project that looks into whether the Yucatec Maya language can become an identity factor for the urban youth of Maya descent inhabitants of a marginal urban area in southeastern Mexico, against the entropic tendency towards the Yucatec Maya language loss in the urban environment. Our starting point is Maturana's idea that through languaging and emotioning human worlds are built and maintained; our lives are intertwined in interactional networks, therefore we only exist as human beings through conversations we hold with other human beings. We go on to explore the types of connection to the Maya culture and language in the case of the young men and women who took part in a workshop "My life and the Maya culture: roots and relations", and how this connection is constructed through languaging and emotioning whithin their families, personal networks, and the workshop itself. The conversations –that emerge through languaging and emotioning– are seen as potential triggers of changes in representations and attitudes towards the minorized language and culture. We also maintain that for the changes to be sustainable, the rest of the local society, viewed as a cultural multiverse (Krotz, 2004), is to recognize Maya speakers as legitimate others (Maturana & Nisis, 2014), so that the non-Maya groups are also to engage to ensure the structural coupling between the diverse parts that conform the multiverse. Our role as researchers, then, is not that of external observers; we assume our part in the cultural multiverse as participants in its construction who by languaging, emotioning, and subsequent acting, seek to contribute to a broader acceptance and respect towards the minorized language and its speakers.


The purpose of this study is to introduce a new interface program to calculate a dose distribution with Monte Carlo method in complex heterogeneous systems such as organs or tissues in proton therapy. This interface program was developed under MATLAB software and includes a friendly graphical user interface with several tools such as image properties adjustment or results display. Quadtree decomposition technique was used as an image segmentation algorithm to create optimum geometries from Computed Tomography (CT) images for dose calculations of proton beam. The result of the mentioned technique is a number of nonoverlapped squares with different sizes in every image. By this way the resolution of image segmentation is high enough in and near heterogeneous areas to preserve the precision of dose calculations and is low enough in homogeneous areas to reduce the number of cells directly. Furthermore a cell reduction algorithm can be used to combine neighboring cells with the same material. The validation of this method has been done in two ways; first, in comparison with experimental data obtained with 80 MeV proton beam in Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC) in Tohoku University and second, in comparison with data based on polybinary tissue calibration method, performed in CYRIC. These results are presented in this paper. This program can read the output file of Monte Carlo code while region of interest is selected manually, and give a plot of dose distribution of proton beam superimposed onto the CT images. Keywords—Monte Carlo, CT images, Quadtree decomposition, Interface program, Proton beam


Sufficient solvability conditions of the start control and final observation problem in a weak generalized meaning for one abstract quasilinear Sobolev type equation are obtained. Sobolev type equations constitute a large area of nonclassical equations of mathematical physics. Techniques used in this article originated in the theory of semilinear Sobolev type equations. Solvability of the start control and final observation problem for the Barenblatt–Gilman model describing the nonequilibrium countercurrent capillary impregnation was proved on the basis of abstract results. The unknown function corresponds to effective saturation. The main equation of this model is nonlinear and implicit with respect to the time derivative which makes it quite difficult to study. Formulation of this problem agrees with consideration of the effect of disequilibrium, which is the characteristic feature of the considered model


Novel cubic microstructures for the purposes of plasmonic Ag-based NPs were made using biological wastes produced from a microbial culture of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) employing a bottom-up approach for the biosynthesis of metal-based nanomaterials. The unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the as-prepared Ag-based NPs was detected at 405 nm. The infra-red spectrum revealed that the used biological waste effectively stabilized our Ag-based NPs. Scanning and transmission electron microscopes were used in order to evaluate the sizes and shapes of the distinctive structures present in our samples. The Ag NPs had a face-centered cubic structure, with a size of 64.4 nm for the (200) nano-crystallites, according to the X-ray diffraction that was conducted. The zeta potential was found to be −19.5 mV and the dynamic light scattering (DLS) size was 238.8 nm. Methylene blue's (MB) reaction with NaBH4 was used in order to measure the catalytic activity of the generated Ag-based NPs over a period of 1 to 5 min. With an astonishing reaction rate of 0.2861 min−1, the MB elimination percentage reached 67% in just 5 min, displaying outstanding catalytic activity. This work can therefore encourage the use of this biowaste for the ecologically benign, cost-effective, and long-term synthesis of innovative Ag-based nanoparticles and nanostructures, as well as in their use as catalysts in the catalytic reduction in MB.


This paper evaluates the significant factors contributing to environmental awareness among individuals living in the urban area of Sylhet, Bangladesh. Ordered Probit(OPM) estimation is applied on the value of ten measures of individual environmental concern. The estimated results of OPM reveal the dominance of higher education, higher income, and full-employment status on environmental concern and environmentally responsible behavior. Younger and more educated respondents tended to be more knowledgeable and concerned than older and less educated respondents. The marginal effect of household size, middle-income level income, and part-time employment status of the survey respondents played a less significant role in the degree of environmental awareness. Findings also validate the "age hypothesis" proposed by Van Liere and Dunlap (1980), and the gender effect reveals an insignificant role in determining the degree of environmental concern. Environmental awareness among urban individuals with higher income increased linearly with environmental awareness programs which may have significant policy importance, such as environmental awareness programs for old-aged and less-educated individuals, and may lead to increased taxation on higher income groups to mitigate city areas' pollution problems.


The phenomena of cyber bullying is relatively new, but it is now more prevalent than ever as children today have access to the internet on a daily basis, in school as well as at home. Although cybe ...


Abstract In connection with the entry into force of the Anti-terrorism Act, administrators of many production facilities are required to prepare a number of anti-terrorism procedures called anti-terrorist/AT attachment (Security plan related to facilities and equipment subject to mandatory protection in respect of terrorist threats). The article is a case study of the AT attachment implementation in several production plants belonging to one enterprise. It characterizes the strategy adopted in this company and the solutions developed in 2017-2019 in several production plants. The purpose of the article is to show why the implementation of this procedure is a challenge for the company.


This paper presents a method for real-time shape sensing of thin and flexible materials, such as fabric. A method is based on three-axial acceleration and magnetic sensor nodes that are embedded into the material and can measure local orientation data. A proposed algorithm for global shape reconstruction from local orientation measurements ensures fast computations for shape reconstruction utilizing data from large number of sensors. This provides basis for the development of portable self-contained real-time systems for free form shape sensing with high resolution that has not been demonstrated before. A method is designed for applications in new emerging fields, such as smart textile and flexible electronics, where it can be used to obtain wearers posture or shape of the device. A method can be implemented with off the shelf low-cost electronic components and conventional portable computing devices, such as smartphone. The practical implementation of the system is demonstrated, also assessment of shape reconstruction performance is done by comparison with commercial Kinect v2 sensor. Impact of different error sources is analyzed, and possible improvements of the method are discussed.


Abstract A wide variety of diaryl sulfides has been synthesized in excellent yields via C–S cross-couplings of aryl/heteroaryl halides with aromatic/heteroaromatic thiols in the presence of palladium nanoparticles immobilized on nanosilica triazine dendritic polymer (Pd np -nSTDP) as a reusable catalyst under thermal conditions and microwave irradiation. Pd np -nSTDP also showed excellent catalytic activity for the preparation of a series of di- and trisulfides with benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, and/or 1,3,5-triazine as the central cores by one-pot multi C–S cross-coupling reactions.


Consumer protection has gained great importance since World War II. Similarly, the concept of human rights has become increasingly prevalent. Substantive and procedural tests of human rights support the contention that the tendency toward broadening the definition of human rights allows us to include consumer rights within that definition. In a consumer-oriented society, protection of the individual consumer is perceived as part of maintaining human dignity-especially against big business organizations, monopolies, cartels, and multinational corporations. Well-accepted doctrines of human rights, therefore, such as the emphasis on an individual's prosperity, honour, and dignity, can serve as the basis for recognizing consumer rights as human rights. An examination of several basic international and national documents reveals that it is due time to acknowledge consumer rights as human rights. This article is available in Osgoode Hall Law Journal: http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj/vol32/iss3/4 ARE CONSUMER RIGHTS HUMAN


The object of research is the process of transportation of mechanical waste from the machine tool to the area of further processing using a modernized screw conveyor. One of the biggest problems in the transportation of mechanical waste remains the high cost of auxiliary processes, which form the final cost of the product. Since it is impossible to reduce the cost by excluding the stages of transportation and processing from the technological process, the energy component of the issue remains. Reducing energy costs at all stages of machining, transportation and processing is an important economic and environmental challenge.

In this work, the energy consumption of the conveyor is determined during the transportation of the shavings obtained during the end turning of the gear rim of the wheel. Also, the work is devoted to the movement of sludge obtained by surface grinding of the cover of a cylindrical gearbox. The examined shavings and sludge are in different states: dry, wet and unprepared.

The analysis of the existing effective equipment for cleaning and moving with the stages of cleaning and processing of cutting fluids, shavings and sludge, taking into account the energy intensity, is carried out. A comparative analysis of the energy consumption of the conveyor, taking into account the energy consumption for the preparation of the transported material – the drying process, is carried out. Recommendations are given regarding the cases of using a dryer for the preparation of shavings and sludge for the processes of moving to the processing, cleaning or disposal zones. The effective values of the energy consumption of the conveyor are determined on the basis of graphical dependencies, based on the conditions of a given productivity.

It is shown that obtaining the effective energy consumption of the conveyor is achieved due to the combined accounting of the energy consumption of the conveyor and equipment for the preparation of chips and sludge. This saves 5–7 % in energy costs for an expected performance of 12.4 g/min. As a research result, it is concluded that the effective energy consumption of the conveyor is 70–90 W/min for a given productivity of 10–12 g/min when transporting wet sludge and shavings.


The state-of-the-art GPU virtualization framework, gVirtuS, relies on an API remoting mechanism to set up a communication channel between a virtual machine and the host, so that a CUDA application in a virtual machine can be executed "remotely" in the host. We observe that this API remoting mechanism often involves large-volume and frequent data transmissions between the host OS and the guest OS, which lead to a significant performance degradation. We present an address mapping scheme so the host can directly access the machine memory space of the guest and thus avoid data copying between the guest and the host. To reduce the frequency of data transmissions, we introduce a delayed submission scheme. We implement both address mapping and delayed submission in KVM. Our evaluation on a set of CUDA benchmarks shows that address mapping can improve over the original gVirtuS by up to 6.5 times. Delayed submission is able to further reduce the virtualization overhead by half in a pathological case.


Background: the prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide and there is inequality in the distribution of diabetic complications. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in adults of working age in the UK, and certain risk factors are recognized. Retinopathy screening in the UK involves annual digital retinal photography and image grading. Auditing equity in retinopathy screening poses unique challenges, and screening program data are often incomplete for variables relevant to equity. Using two sources of patient-level primary care data, we conducted a health equity audit comparing the access and uptake of screening between groups of people with diabetes in each of three screening programs covering this area of southern England. Methods: a patient-level dataset using data from general practices and a combined health record was used to compare dimensions of equity (gender, age, length of time since diabetes diagnosis, type of diabetes, presence of hypertension, socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity, and screening program) between people with and without a record of retinopathy screening within three years in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, UK. Results: anonymized data for 70,004 people with diabetes were obtained from 205 (88%) general practices. In total, 62,836 people (89.8%) had a record of screening within three years and 7168 (10.2%) did not. Lower uptake of screening was independently associated with the youngest and oldest age groups (compared with 50–79-year-olds), recent diabetes diagnosis, and deprived areas. Diagnosed hypertension was positively associated with screening. Conclusion: evaluating equity in screening programs is important to help reduce inequalities. We found evidence of inequity in access and uptake of retinopathy screening. Primary care data contained more information than screening program data. Using a combined health record was more efficient than obtaining data directly from general practices, but data were incomplete for deprivation measures at the time of this audit. Our audit informed subsequent efforts to improve equity in local diabetic retinopathy screening services


OBJECTIVE To explore the impact factors on cleaning effect of the full automatic cleaner and sterilizer.METHODS Recycled medical appliances were classified according to their properties,functions and degree of contamination.Such impact factors as the loadage of appliance,the time for adding enzyme and the types of enzyme were took into account in the course of their cleaning.The visual estimate,the method of white gauze wipping and occult blood test were used to detect the effect of cleaning in all experiments.RESULTS The optimum conditions of cleaning were the loadge of 48 kidney-basins and 36 hemostats in two layers of full automatic cleaner and sterilizer,the time for adding enzyme of 5 seconds,the type of full-effect multienzyme for the non-contaminated obviously recycled medical appliances which exposed easily to the surfaces of cleaning.The cleaning effect was very bad for the appliances which were contaminated obviously or were exposed hardly to the surfaces of cleaning when the full automatic cleaner and sterilizer was used.CONCLUSIONS When full automatic cleaner and sterilizer is used for cleaning of recycled medical appliances,the appliances should be classified correctly.At the same time,such factors as the loadage of appliance,the time for adding enzyme and the type of enzyme should be suitable.


Zirconium oxide (ZrO2), which has high dielectric constant, was investigated for application in flexible electronics. When the spun-cast film was annealed at a low temperature, the electrical properties were not encouraging because residual organic particles remained at the dielectric. To address this problem we used plasma annealing at a reasonably low temperature and achieved improved dielectric properties such as lower leakage current, higher dielectric constant, and better reliability. Auger depth profile spectroscopy results suggested reduction of carbon percentage at the dielectric. We demonstrated device application by fabricating transistor device with an organic channel layer. The transistor electrical properties were encouraging, exhibiting an electron mobility of 0.3 cm2/(V·s). The results were very promising and suggest that ZrO2 could be applied to all-printed electronic devices in the near future.


The heart is the most important of the vital organs and heart diseases may cause fatal consequences. Abnormal heart sounds called murmur may be a precursor of many serious heart diseases. Cardiac auscultation is a basic technique to easily diagnose murmur disease. Auscultation can be supported by using computer aided automatic diagnosis systems to fast and accurate diagnosis. These systems are useful to remote diagnosis systems in place that have the lack of physicians and modern techniques. In this study, heart sound data taken from different patients and recorded with the help of an electronic stethoscope are classified by using Hidden Markov Model. At the end of this study, healthy heart and five different murmur diseases; can be detected with full success just listening heart sound by an automatic system. 2) (Submitted to Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference 2015) Arslan, A.; Şen, B., "Detection of Non-Coding RNA's with Optimized Support Vector Machines", Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, SIU 2015, Malatya. Abstract: Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are started to work by a lot of scientists in recent years. ncRNAs are playing important roles in the cell and many of them are waiting to be discovered. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is quite widely used machine learning algorithm in classification problems. Classification process is being difficult when number of problem instances is increased. The classication processes Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are started to work by a lot of scientists in recent years. ncRNAs are playing important roles in the cell and many of them are waiting to be discovered. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is quite widely used machine learning algorithm in classification problems. Classification process is being difficult when number of problem instances is increased. The classication processes that will take a lot of time when executed on CPU, can be run and optimized in parallel by using multi core platform which is provided by GPU. In this study, detection of ncRNA's was studied by using a large scaled genomic sequence dataset. NVIDIA CUDA parallel programming technology is utilized to be able to accelerate training and test processes that were implemented by SVM. At the end of this study, detection of ncRNA's by using GPU is successfully implemented in shorter time than CPU and with the same success. 3) (Accepted to 2015 International Symposium on INnovations in Intelligent SysTems and Applications) Arslan, A.; Şen, B.; Çelebi, F. V.; Peker, M.; But, A.; "A Comparison of Different Classification Algorithms For Determining The Depth of Anesthesia Level on A New Set of Attributes", 2015 International Symposium on INnovations in Intelligent SysTems and Applications, Madrid, Spain. Abstract: The effect of anesthesia on patient is expressed as the depth of anesthesia. The detection of appropriate depth of anesthesia is a matter of great importance in surgery. Too deep or too little anesthesia implementation may lead to many psychological and physical disorders on patients. Therefore it is necessary to keep the patient at the most appropriate level of anesthesia. This process is important and challenging operation. In this study, a system is proposed which can be used to determine the depth of anesthesia in order to assist physician. Anesthetic substances significantly affect the cortex of the brain. There are studies for determination of depth of anesthesia by monitoring of brain activity. In this study, EEG signals that reflect the brain activity are utilized to measure the depth of anesthesia. The study consists of feature extraction and classification stages of the EEG signal. In the feature extraction stage, a new attribute set consisting of 44 attributes in different categories was obtained. In this way, it is aimed to create an effective set of attributes that can represent EEG signals. The obtained attributes were used as input parameters for classification algorithms. In classification stage, the classification problem is classified by six different classification algorithms. In this way, comparison of calculation time and accuracy for obtained results in different classification algorithms was provided. With the proposed method for the determination of different depth of anesthesia, 98.169% classification accuracy was achieved. The effect of anesthesia on patient is expressed as the depth of anesthesia. The detection of appropriate depth of anesthesia is a matter of great importance in surgery. Too deep or too little anesthesia implementation may lead to many psychological and physical disorders on patients. Therefore it is necessary to keep the patient at the most appropriate level of anesthesia. This process is important and challenging operation. In this study, a system is proposed which can be used to determine the depth of anesthesia in order to assist physician. Anesthetic substances significantly affect the cortex of the brain. There are studies for determination of depth of anesthesia by monitoring of brain activity. In this study, EEG signals that reflect the brain activity are utilized to measure the depth of anesthesia. The study consists of feature extraction and classification stages of the EEG signal. In the feature extraction stage, a new attribute set consisting of 44 attributes in different categories was obtained. In this way, it is aimed to create an effective set of attributes that can represent EEG signals. The obtained attributes were used as input parameters for classification algorithms. In classification stage, the classification problem is classified by six different classification algorithms. In this way, comparison of calculation time and accuracy for obtained results in different classification algorithms was provided. With the proposed method for the determination of different depth of anesthesia, 98.169% classification accuracy was achieved. 4) (Accepted to 2015 International Symposium on INnovations in Intelligent SysTems and Applications) Peker, M.; Arslan, A.; Şen, B.; Çelebi, F. V.; But, A.; "A Novel Hybrid Method for Determining the Depth of Anesthesia Level: Combining ReliefF Feature Selection and Random Forest Algorithm (ReliefF+RF)", 2015 International Symposium on INnovations in Intelligent SysTems and Applications, Madrid, Spain. Abstract: Depth of anesthesia is a matter of great importance in surgery. Determination of depth of anesthesia is a time consuming and difficult task carried out by experts. This study aims to decide a method that can classify EEG data automatically with a high accuracy and, so will help experts for determination process. This study consists of three stages: feature extraction on EEG signals, Depth of anesthesia is a matter of great importance in surgery. Determination of depth of anesthesia is a time consuming and difficult task carried out by experts. This study aims to decide a method that can classify EEG data automatically with a high accuracy and, so will help experts for determination process. This study consists of three stages: feature extraction on EEG signals, feature selection, and classification. In the feature extraction stage, 41 feature parameters were obtained. Feature selection is important to eliminate redundant attributes and improve prediction accuracy and performance in terms of computational time. Effective feature selection algorithms such as minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR); ReliefF; and Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) are preferred at the feature selection stage in selecting a set of features which best represent EEG signals. The obtained features are used as input parameters for the classification algorithms. At the classification stage, six different classification algorithms such as random forest (RF); feed-forward neural network (FFNN); C4.5 decision tree algorithm (C4.5); support vector machines(SVM); naive bayes; and radial basis function neural network (RBF) are preferred to classify the problem. A comparison was provided between computation times and accuracy rates of these different classification algorithms. The experimental results show that better results are obtained according to other classifiers when the obtained attributes by ReliefF algorithm are used with RF classifier.


of work continues, the de-stigmatization of remote employment, the collaboration between employer and employee about designing work schedules, and the recognition of the importance of employee time away from work need to be at the center stage. Scholars operating at the nexus of employment, well-being, and organizational change would appreciate Overload for its staggering breadth and depth. The book provides a rare combination of insightful theorization, rigorous empirical design, rich narratives, nuanced results, and practical policy implications. As such, it will remain a benchmark against which research on work, well-being, and organizational change will be judged in future years.


In this work, an Fe3O triangle based helical chain complex [Fe3(μ3-O)(μ-O2CH)6H2O] was assembled in a solvothermal reaction. The complex was a rare polymeric complex bearing charge separation of Fe3+ and Fe2.5+, in which the charge distribution was like that of magnetite. The valence distribution and polymeric nature result in various magnetism behaviours e.g., ferrimagnetism along the chain, canted antiferromagnetic order, spin-flop and field induced SCM like behavior at low temperature.


Leg 43 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, which began at Istanbul, Turkey, June 1975, and ended at Norfolk, U.S.A., August 1975, recovered 189 cores at six drilling sites, 382-387 (Figure 1). Light-microscope techniques were used to study the Cenozoic silicoflagellates and coccoliths of 140 samples from these cores. Coccolith zonation of the samples, summarized in Figure 2, follows Bukry (1973c; 1975b). Silicoflagellate zonation is explained in text. For only the second time, upper Paleocene silicoflagellates are described from DSDP cores; these occur at Site 384. Previously reported occurrences of silicoflagellates at DSDP sites from various oceans are summarized according to their stratigraphic assignment (Tables 1 to 3). Several new taxa of silicoflagellates are described from Leg 43 cores: Dictyocha deflandrei lobata, n. subsp.; Mesocena apiculata inflata, n. subsp.; M.? connudata, n. sp.; M. ovata, n. sp.; and Naviculopsis eobiapiculata, n. sp. A new species of the genus incertae sedis Rocella, Rocella schraderi, is described. The genus Rocella can probably be referred to the diatoms because of its pillbox-shaped valves and its occurrence in double-valve sets (frustules).


We have developed a code to reconstruct the Cosmic Rays trajectory in the Earth magnetosphere. This code solves the Lorentz equation and propagates a particle backward in time. The total magnetic field is evaluated by using the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) 2000-2005 and the external magnetic field Tsyganenko-96. This code has been used both for a simulation of randomly generated inputs and for the analysis of the AMS-01 experiment data taken during the STS-91 Space Shuttle mission in June 1998. By a full spectrum simulation we have separated the primary Cosmic Ray component from the secondary one present at the altitude of AMS orbit (400 km). We have built the transmission function in the magnetosphere for 1998 for several regions with different geomagnetic latitude. The same simulation has also been performed for the magnetic conditions of the year 2005, the expected starting time of the long-duration AMS-02 data taking. Then we have estimated the variation of the transmission function with time and obtained the primary Cosmic Ray flux at the altitude of 400 km starting from the flux at 1 AU as predicted by the CREME96 model.


A study of carotenoid pigments of the genus Rhodococcus was carried out. According to carotenes contained, Rhodococcus species were divided into three groups: the first group of Rhodococcus luteus, R. coprophilus, R. lentifragmentus, and R. maris, which formed β‐carotene; the second group of R. equi, R. rubropertinctus, R. aichiensis, R. sputi, R. chubuensis, R. obuensis, R. bronchialis, R. roseus, R. rhodochrous, R. rhodnii, and R. terrae, which formed γ‐carotene‐like substance; and the third group of R. aurantiacus, which formed neither carotene. Other carotenoid pigments were different according to the species.


My colleagues Shahrokh Fardoust, Kanishka Ghoshal, Rajni Khanna, V.J Ravishankar, Mike Stevens, Fahrettin Yagci, and Farah Zahir have assisted generously in the production and review of this draft paper. Professor Om Mathur of NIPFP, New Delhi has directed me to key urban government references and shared his insights on urban public finances. The sponsorship of the decentralization thematic group is also gratefully acknowledged.


This paper presents how an animated human model with walking movement has been created and used in the body worn electromagnetic simulation software, XFdtd. A 3D-surface scan of a human body has been combined with the walking movement captured using a motion capture system to generate the animated model. A comparison between measurement results taken on the real human subject and simulation results from the created animated model of the same human subject is examined to select the appropriate mesh size and material representing the body and antennas. The effect of body gesture on the on and off-body radio channels has been investigated with the ultimate aim of reducing transmit power between antennas.


Ninety five adult horses of either sex belonging to Kathiwari (31), Marwari (45) and Nondescript (19) breeds were selected for study of electrocardiographic wave patterns. Biphasic P wave, QRS complex and T wave patterns were studied and discussed. The study revealed that the Biphasic P wave pattern was most common with distribution in various breeds as Kathiwari (64.52%), Marwari (75.56%) and Nondescript (57.89%). The qR pattern for QRS complex was 48.39 per cent in Kathiawari and 44.44 per cent in Marwari breeds. The Nondescript horses both qR and QR patterns were in equal proportion (26.32%). The diphasic T wave pattern was recorded in all groups.


Freeman's paper deals with marital rape, a specific form of marital violence which has been virtually ignored in the literature on violence against women. Battering and rape, the author argues, are closely related and frequently occur together. Both forms of violence stem from a patriarchal society designed to protect the interests of men and maintain male dominance. At present men who rape their wives are immune from prosecution in England. This is also the case in most other countries, but the paper also considers what has happened in places where the immunity has been removed or modified. Freeman traces the history of the immunity in England and casts doubt on its legal foundation and on the contemporary arguments used in its defence. The immunity rests on two shaky foundations: that married women are part of their husbands' property and that man and wife are one flesh. The first of these ideas may still have some currency, but it is as out-moded as the immunity itself. The author considers various modifications that could be made to the exclusion rule but concludes that abolition is the only satisfactory solution. Women made a fuss about it in books, but in the cool judgement of right thinking men, of other men of the world, such as he recollected often received praise in the Divorce Court, he had but done his best to sustain the sanctity of marriage, to prevent her from abandoning her duty . … No, he did not regret it.


Flat Beryllium tiles brazed to actively cooled CuCrZr withstand power densities up to 17 MW/m2. Tiles with 2 mm thickness have been cycled for 1000 pulses at power densities between 12 and 14 MW/m2. Flat CFC tiles brazed to OFHC copper failed at power densities of 13 MW/m2 with long (10 s) pulses. The fault developed from an area which showed signs of overheating from the start of the test and led to a complete detachment of one tile. For shorter pulse duration (2.5 s) higher power densities (17 MW/m2) could be applied. CFC cubes brazed around a central cooling pipe (monoblocks) have been tested to 15 MW/m2. The power density was limited by the peak surface temperature of the tiles, which exceeded 1500 - 2000 degree(s)C. None of the tiles failed during the test, but there were considerable temperature variations from tile to tile.


OBJECTIVES
To examine seasonal variations in the presentation of acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) in a previously unstudied population in Cape Town, South Africa.

DESIGN
A descriptive study of all presenting cases of ANUG at a health center over 6 years; patients were examined at one point in time.

SETTING
A clinic-based cross-sectional study was carried out among patients presenting routinely to the oral medicine clinic at the University of the Western Cape. Patients at this clinic were mostly colored and black people, and were of low socioeconomic status.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS
All patients presenting to the periodontal clinic were examined during the period from 15 March 1992 to 15 March 1998 and interviews were conducted. A comprehensive clinical intra-oral and peri-oral examination was carried out using a dental mirror and blunt probe by three trained calibrated dental examiners. The minimum criteria for inclusion as an ANUG patient were painful, bleeding gums with irreversible destruction of the interdental papillae (cratering) and marginal gingiva. Patients with multiple small ulcerations not restricted to the gingiva, but including other oral sites such as the tongue and buccal mucosa were diagnosed as herpetic stomatitis. Other distinguishing characteristics of ANUG included presence of a pseudomembrane, odor, a strange taste in the mouth, and hypersalivation. Swabs and biopsies taken to verify the diagnosis when necessary. If there was any doubt as to the diagnosis of the lesion it was not included among the ANUG cases.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Presence of ANUG.

RESULTS
Among the 19944 patients presenting for periodontal treatment, 684 were found to have ANUG. The ANUG patients consisted of 58% males; 73% of the ANUG patients were between the ages of 5 to 12 years. The majority of ANUG patients presented during the summer (55.4%), 27.7% in autumn and 8.4% during both winter and spring. Significant differences were evident between the numbers seen during the different seasons.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated a significant seasonal variation in the occurence of ANUG in Cape Town, South Africa.


In this paper, we give a closed formal solution to generalized Kolmogorov equation. Estimates of the formal solution are obtained. From the truncated formal solution, we are able to construct the convergent fundamental solution and estimate the time interval on which our solution converges.


The problem of inductive model building on precedents for biomedical applications is considered. The model paradigm is a random forest as a set of decision tree classifiers working as ensemble. The apriori information taken from training data set is used in proposed method of random forest model building provide more accurate model saving general random character of a method. The resulting random forest provide more accurate model in comparison with a single decision tree, but its comparison with known methods of random forest model building proposed method is more accurate.


Ownership property is a main dimensionality of ownership structure.Because of the special character of Chinese stock markets,researches of ownership property in China change into disputing virtues and defects of state shareholding.In fact,function of state shareholding in transition economy is an issue of controversy.Influences of state shareholding on corporate governance and corporate performance are not only disagreed in theory but also in empirical researches.Results of researches are sensitive to samples and methods.Therefore,function of state shareholding in development of Chinese stock markets is an issue worthy of further study.


Objective To investigate the association between brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) T-381C polymorphism and essential hypertension (EH).Methods A total of 138 patients with EH and 141 normal controls were enrolled in this study.Polymerasc chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to analyze the polymorphism and agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) was used to determine the genotype.Blood pressure, blood sugar,serum triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured in both groups.Results The frequencies of TC and CC genotypes and C allele were significantly higher in patients with EH than in normal controls (30.43% vs.19.86%,P=0.042 and 17.75% vs.10.64%,P= 0.016).Furthermore,C allele carriers,compared with TT subject,had lower concentrations of blood sugar (P=0.045) Conclusions The BNP T-381C polymorphism might be related to the development of hypertension in Chinese people.


Ji Kang's sages and men of virtue Biography is the first of Biography named "sages" in three country Biography. Ji Kang collect fable and hapothesis about sages and men of virtue men to project himself life ideas. It has stronger influence to later biographies.


My PhD thesis studies the role of development banks in financing industrial development and particularly in providing the long-term committed finance needed for innovation. The focus is on the Brazilian development bank, BNDES, and its leading role in supporting the new Brazilian innovation system. I begin by discussing the role of finance in the National System of Innovation framework, the literature on development banks and the motivation of my research. The second chapter looks at the impact of BNDES disbursements on commercial banks' disbursement using balance-sheet data for the period of 2002-2016. Using dynamic panel data techniques, I investigate whether BNDES disbursement for investment in innovation and fixed capital investments crowded-in or crowded-out Brazilian commercial banks' disbursement. The third chapter is a micro-analysis of the impact of BNDES disbursements on the R&D intensity of Brazilian manufacturing companies' sector for the period of 2003-2011. In this chapter, I investigate whether companies that have received funding from BNDES have increased or decreased their commitment in innovation activities. The findings of this analysis provide new evidence regarding the industrial sector activity of the Brazilian development bank, adding on the debate about additionality/substitutability of public financial resources. Finally, the fourth chapter provides qualitative evidence for the Brazilian pharmaceutical sector, presenting the findings of primary collected data on companies' perceived obstacles for investment in innovation and on contribution of BNDES funding in reducing such obstacles. The data have been collected by means of a survey, undertaken for a sample of Brazilian companies in the pharmaceutical and biotech sector.


SUMMARY

The data from analyses of six potato varieties grown at nine widely different locations over two years showed that varietal comparisons for ascorbic acid content are relatively unaffected by location. Thus, in ascertaining the potential value of potato varieties as a source of ascorbic acid, widespread testing appears to offer no advantage over the determination of varietal differences for this factor in a more confined area.


Purpose: This study is to examine the paradigm and research of golf. It is aimed to find new golf topic and to suggest various golf topics. We analyzed 1,796 golf keyword studies in Research Information Sharing Service (RISS). Method: We used SPSS 22.0 to analyzed frequency, cross and nearest neighbor. Results: First, as a result of analyzing frequency, followings are the results: Physical (75.4%), Year of 2016 (12.8%), Social/Management (57.9%), Phenomenon (42.4%), Public (48.6%), Survey research (56.3%), Quantitative (74.6%), Impossible (84.2%). That was all. Second, Asa result of cross analyzing, all independence tests were done. Third, As a result of the decision tree method based on the year of publication, it was closely related to the characteristics of the study participants. Conclusion: The paradigm of current research is that the conversion speed of the studies subject is faster than the past because of the diversity of measurement tools and statistical verification methods. Therefore, in the follow-up study, it is necessary to analyze various methods and results in depth when setting research methods or data processing methods among measurement variables.


Several studies have been carried out to evaluate image-based solutions for velocity measurement and discharge determination in river. However, these studies are limited because it is difficult to know the reference surface velocity field accurately. These data are usually extrapolated from measurement within the water column or integrated over a cross-section to determine the discharge to be compared with a reference, which is uncertain itself. Measurement uncertainties are difficult to quantify and cannot be neglected usually.

The only solution that arises to get a flow with a known surface velocity reference is synthetic imaging: we generate artificial images on which particles movements are known everywhere. However, these generators must allow a comparison between simulations and measurements for a wide range of conditions representative of the situations observed in the natural environment. Several Synthetic Image Generators have been designed for laboratory PIV but the generated images are made of white particles moving on a dark background. Such images are not representative of river applications with turbulence figures, foam, debris, sunlight effects but also some homogeneous areas with poor contrast where we can sometimes see the river bed through.

We propose a novel method to generate images from a synthetic river scene with accurate surface velocity references. It is based on the 3D computer graphics tool Blender which integrates a dedicated fluid simulation tool, Mantaflow. Blender allows many different configurations by playing on the modeling of the river, the surrounding objects, the textures and optical properties of the materials but also on the lighting and the camera settings and position. Mantaflow is then used to model and extract the characteristics (velocities, positions in time) of a flow that looks similar to real-life situations. The first synthetic videos obtained were used to study the sensitivity of the velocity results to the image-based velocimetry algorithm, its parameters and user choices.


Modulated body weight support (BWS) systems have shown promise in improving the task specificity of BWS training. This promise, however, is based on pilot studies and limited number of modulation strategies for the unloading force. To evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies and select the most favourable strategies, simulation of the influence of modulated unloading force on gait models can be useful. However, this method is not commonly utilized. Since the reliability of the simulation results depends on the gait model, bench-marking of gait models based on their response to BWU is an important stepping stone in the design of modulated BWS systems. This work bench-marked the Simplest walking model, the Springloaded inverted pendulum model and the Muscle-reflex gait model based on their suitability for simulation of human walking under the influence of BWS. Three realizations of BWS, based on Constant force, Counterweight and Tuned spring approaches, were designed and the response of the models to BWU was compared with existing human experimental data. Out of the three models, the results suggest the SLIP model to be the most suitable for BWS simulations. This study may provide a springboard for the development of novel BWS strategies and help enhance the task specificity of BWS training. Keywords—Body weight support, Gait models, Gait characteristics, Simulation, Rehabilitation


According to socio-cultural perspectives, adults are seen as mediators of cultural believes, values and practices. Qualitative analyses of teachers' mediation of peer relations based on video-recordings in 9 toddler- groups indicate that meal-time represents opportunities for teachers to facilitate togetherness and peer-relations between toddlers. The teachers might facilitate sharing, passing food, routinized practices such as singing, and conversations. The results indicate variations between child- and group-oriented approaches, and accomplishing meals in an effective way. The child- and group-oriented approaches are marked by encouragement of toddlers' initiatives and teachers supporting peer-interactions. Raising teachers' consciousness about their contributions to children's development of peer-relations and togetherness in group settings might contribute to enhance reflected practices in working with toddlers in groups.


The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of in vitro addition of cysteine (CIS) as antioxidant used for frozen semen of "bad freezer" stallions. Three semen samples from seven stallions were obtained by artificial vagina, diluted in commercial extender (Botusemen) and splited in two treatments: control and CIS (2.5 mM of cysteine) and cryopreserved. After post-thaw, the analyzed parameters were: computerized analysis of sperm movement characteristics and acrosmal and plasma membrane integrity by fluorescent probes. Total and progressive motility were higher (P 0.05) (12.5 ± 2.6 x 15.1 ± 2.6 and 24.2 ± 3.6 x 25.4 ± 3.85, respectively) between the control and cysteine group. It is known that the motility is highly correlated with fertility so these results suggest that the addition of 2.5 mM of cysteine in the frozen extender medium before cryopreservation increases the seminal quality of "bad freezer" stallions


Objective To investigate the influence of physician-nurse collaborative functional exercise instruction mode on the compliance of elderly femoral neck fracture patients.Methods 60 elderly patients with femoral neck fracture were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group,each with 30 cases.The control group was treated with conventional functional exercise instruction while the experimental group was treated with physician-nurse collaborative functional exercise instruction.Results The patients who took functional exercise according to the exact action,time and part as doctors and nurses requested were more in the experimental group than in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =10.184,10.311,15.148,respectively;P < 0.05).When discharged from the hospital,the patients in the experimental group could grasp (5.65 ± 0.63) exercise action,better than (3.62 ± 0.64) in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (t =11.963,P < 0.01).Conclusions Physician-nurse collaborative functional exercise instruction mode is helpful to improve the compliance of elderly femoral neck fracture patients in the hospital.

Key words:
Femoral neck fracture; Physician-nurse collaboration; Functional exercise; Compliance


Construction Cost control is an integral part of Cost management processes of Construction projects. Project cost management involves all the processes involved in planning, estimating, budgeting, financing, Funding, managing and controlling costs so that the project can be scheduled
 for completion within the approved budget. Cost overrun is a major global issue in construction project performance which occurs predominantly during the construction phase of a project. Different cost control techniques and models have been in practice to ensure cost performance, yet construction
 projects are rarely completed within the scheduled budget. Due to this incessant cost variances in projects, cost control systems are still being reviewed. Different construction outfits employ different techniques or similar methods just to ensure that cost is within budget. The ultimate
 concern of the Quantity Surveyor (QS) is to ensure that track records of all activities during construction is well articulated to nearest accuracy for monitoring site expenditures. For this reason, the QS on site daily does the routine work of cost data collections, recordings, analysis and
 reporting to keep expenditure within budget. This is usually the normal routine in most construction outfits in developing and underdeveloped countries. Different technologies are currently and methods have been employed to increase the efficiency and accuracy of construction data for cost
 effectiveness. The current technological trend and innovations is therefore reshaping cost control systems with the use of new technologies and software. There are new developments in the methods of controlling cost during construction due to the recent construction innovations. This paper
 presents the recent developments involved in controlling the cost of construction projects at the construction phase with emphasis laid on the construction innovations and technological advancement. The current different technologies used in implementing cost control were X-rayed and how the
 present-day cost managers are utilizing the new developments.


Catch records of squids angled up under lamp by 28 men distributed in a fishing ground in the same evening are analyzed, for the purpose of giving a short discussion on such problem that in what pattern are the squids angled up, then, a good catch is got by the man who caught squids following what pattern. The results are summarized in Table 2, which suggests the presence of close relation of pattern to the amount of catch, i. e. the man who continued to angle up squids for many time sections and following positive binomial or "other contagious series" gets better catch than the man who did in short time and following Poisson series.


This paper compares two interpolation equations for the calibration of precision platinum resistance thermometers (PPRTs) in the temperature range between -80°C and 300°C. They are the deviation function specified in the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90), and the quadratic Callendar–van Dusen (CVD) equation. It was found that when the calibration range was between -80°C and 300 °C, ITS-90 deviation function resulted in a measurement error-of-fit of ±23mK, and the CVD equation resulted in ±24mK. In the temperature range of (-80∼0)°C, ITS-90 deviation function showed distinctly better performance than the CVD equation. When the temperature range was between 0°C and 100°C, the difference among the two equations was insignificant. In the temperature range of (100∼300)°C, the measurement error-of-fit of ITS-90 deviation function increased with temperature, and the maximum error-of fit under the CVD equation appeared at 200°C. If the temperature range is wider, the ITS-90 deviation function had better calibration effect. While the CVD equation worked better in a narrow temperature range.


To evaluate the efficacy of contact lens(CL) on healing of corneal epithelitum after PRK. Methods: A total of 646 eyes were treated with excimer laser photorefractive(PRK) from August to December of 1998, which were divided into 2 groups to compare their outcomes of corneal epithelium healing: 305 eyes wearing CL as study group, and 341 eyes applied with antibiotic ointment and packed with dressing as contrast group. Results: Study group: 299 eyes' corneal epithelium had healed completely 3 days after openation. Some filamentary had arisen on the one corneal face, and small membrane had formed on the surface of 11 corneas. contrast group: 196 eyes' corneal epithelium had healed completely 3 days after openation. Some fila filamentary had come out on the surface of 45 corneas, and small membrane had formal on the surface of 33 corneas. The difference of two groups was marked. Conclusions: After PRK, wearing CL is beneficial to promote the corneal epithelium healing, inhibitting filamentary and membrane from formming and reliefing the patients treated with PRK from pain.


This paper discusses the public health ramifications of the obesity epidemic among American children and adults. It explores several contributing factors to this epidemic as well as analyzes public policy recommendations for addressing this issue. It also offers an in-depth analysis of the feasibility of litigation against fast food companies by analyzing the initial attempts in this area.


In this research, fumigant toxicity and repellency effect of essential oil of Arizona cypress, Cupressus arizonica was investigated against adults of three Coleopteran stored product pests, lesser grain borer Rhizopertha dominica, cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus and cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger-type apparatus. The bioassays was conducted by using 40 ml glass vials as container and Whatman filter paper No:1 (1×2 cm) as a sources of essential oil emitting. Repellency effect of four concentrations 0.2, 0.41, 0.83 and 1.66 μl/cm 2 of the essential oil was evaluated by comparing the number of adults in both treated and untreated portions. Based on probit analysis, the LC50 values were 224.5, 303.7 and 325.6 μl/l air at 24 h post-treatments respectively. The adults of lesser grain borer were more sensitive than two other pests. Average repellency, were 81.66, 74.16 and 90.83%, respectively at three hours post-treatments which are grades of V, IV and V respectively consist of the sex group classification.


Anti-forensics, whether intentionally to disrupt investigations or simply an effort to make a computer system run better, is becoming of increasing concern to digital investigators. This work attempts to assess the problem of anti-forensics techniques commonly deployed in South Korea. Based on identified challenges, a method of signature-based anti-forensic trace detection is proposed for triage purposes that will assist investigators in quickly making decisions about the suspect digital devices before conducting a full investigation. Finally, a prototype anti-forensic trace detection system is given to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed method.


Large amounts of organic carbon were de posited and preserved in marine sediments of late Bar- remian through middle Albian and late Cenomanian- earty Turonian age owing to the development of poorly oxygenated oceanic water masses and expanded oxy- § en minimum zones during "oceanic anoxic events." ediments rich in organic carbon which were depos ited during such events are thick sequences of basinal black shale or mudstone, thin black beds in shelf chalks, and thin beds and lenses in rudist reef and associated limestones. Analysis of the stratigraphic distribution of both known oil and giant oil-field reser voirs by many workers has indicated that a large part of the world's oil is of Mesozoic age and that most giant reservoirs are in rocks of Mesozoic age. We pro pose that the relative abundance of Mesozoic oil in the world oil picture is in part the result of maturation of organic carbon deposited during Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events. Many giant fields of Cretaceous age have reservoirs of shallow-water carbonate complexes such as rudist reef and associated fades buildups. We propose that the oil in such reservoirs originated as follows: (1) dur ing middle Cretaceous marine transgressions, equable world cHmate with high sea-surface temperatures pre vailed and led to carbonate reef buildups on shallow shelves and marginal platforms; (2) at the same time marine oxygen-nilnlmum zones expanded and deeper basinal oxygen deficits were Intensified owing to the lack of strong ocaanic mixing because of stable densi ty stratificatio n and possible low oceanic thermal gra dients; (3) these oxygen deficits enhanced the preser vation of organic carbon in basin, slope, and some shelf fades; (4) later Cretaceous transgression result ed in the drowning of the carbonate buildups which were then sealed under a cap of fine-grained hemipe- iagic sediment; interim regressions resulted In en hancement of porosity of reef fades and may have al lowed deposition of interbedded sand bodies in some sections; (6) many of these carbonate complexes and source beds were buried to suitable depths by Late Cretaceous and Tertiary clastic wedges and, depend ing on local geothermal gradients, hydrocarbon matu ration in the black stiale basinal fades occurred. These hydrocartions niigrated to shelf-edge reservoirs, such as platform cart)onate rocks, through intermediate fa des. This scenario with its combination of oceano- graphic and geokigic events led to development of fields such as those in the Golden Lane in Mexico. Thus, prime exploration targets are deeply buried ru dist buMuBs that are stratigraphically linked to basinal black shaw source tieds. Such buildups should be found on subsided passive margins of low to middle latitude regions; the source beds formed where nearly contemporaneous low-oxygen conditions obtained in adjacent basins.


Total liquid ventilation (TLV) is an emerging and promising mechanical ventilation method in which the lungs are filled with a breathable liquid. Perfluorocarbon (PFC) is the predominant liquid of choice due to its high O2 and CO2 solubility. In TLV, a dedicated liquid ventilator ensures gas exchange by renewing a tidal volume of PFC, which is temperature-controlled, oxygenated and free of CO2. A fundamental difference between TLV and conventional mechanical ventilation relates to the fact that PFCs are approximately 1500 times denser than air. This high density provides PFCs with a large heat capacity, turning the lungs into an efficient heat exchanger with circulating blood. The originality of this study is the development of a lumped thermal model of the body as a heat exchanger coupled to a liquid ventilator. The model was validated with an animal experimentation on a newborn lamb with the Inolivent-5.0 liquid ventilator prototype. TLV was initiated with a fast hypothermia induction, followed successively by a slow posthypothermic rewarming, a fast rewarming and finally a second fast hypothermia induction. Results demonstrate that the model was able to aptly predict, in every phase, the temperature of the lungs, the eardrum, the rectum as well as the various compartments of the liquid ventilator.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Aim. The aim of the work was to study for three years the dynamics of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in patients with comorbid pathology who had suffered a myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation. Materials and methods. The study included patients of both sexes older than 18 years. All of them signed an informed consent for participation in the study. The inclusion criteria, in addition to signing informed consent for participation in the study, were acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation (STEMI), PCI and implantation of 1-2 stents into the left coronary artery, the presence of hypertension, type 2 diabetes melitus. Patients younger than 18 years and older than 80 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the presence of oncological diseases at the time of the study or in the anamnesis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic viral infections were not included. All diagnoses were established according current clinical recommendations. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group included patients with arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, the second group included patients who had suffered acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation, who had arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serum was used to assess the content of matrix metalloproteinase 9. A standard test kit was used ("Cloud-Clone Corp.", China) in accordance with the instructions. The calculations were carried out using Excel spreadsheets and the statistical software package Statistica 10 (StatSoftInc.) USA. Results. When studying the level of metalloproteinase 9 for 3 years in patients who had suffered a myocardial infarction, it was found that the level of MMP-9 was statistically significantly higher in patients at the time of hospitalization, then decreased by the first year after the index event and became comparable with patients who did not have MI. After 36 months from the start of the study, patients who had suffered a myocardial infarction had statistically significantly higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9, compared with their values by the end of the first year, however, these data are comparable to the level of MMP-9 in patients of the first group. The level of MMP-9 in the first group is comparable at all time stages of observation. Conclusion. The inflammatory marker MMP-9, under certain conditions, can serve as a good predictor for predicting fatal outcomes and repeated AMI in patients who have undergone MI.


Saliency analysis is an essential task in computer vision and aims to generate distinguishing foreground features from background features. However, due to complex structure distributions in large-scale optical remote sensing scenes, generating effective feature descriptions for regional saliency analysis is challenging. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a novel global–local feature assembly method called GLFA-Net based on a convolution neural network (CNN) that can adaptively learn an effective feature representation for regional saliency analysis to achieve the region-of-interest (ROI) (e.g., aircraft carrier, airport, and urban area) extraction from complex optical remote sensing images. In addition, we also collected these complex optical remote sensing scene images from Google Earth and DOTA data sets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, experimentation shows that the proposed regional saliency analysis method can produce better ROI extraction performance than other methods, reaching a 0.057 mean absolute error (MAE), a 0.703 Kappa coefficient, and a 0.735 F1-score.