165 Background: Preclinical studies suggest that nuclear expression of the Ca++ binding protein S100A4 induces gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cell lines (Mahon et al, Cancer Research, 2007). As a consequence, we assessed the potential role of S100A4 protein expression as a clinical biomarker of gemcitabine resistance in the RTOG 9704 adjuvant trial, which compared gemcitabine to continuous infusion 5FU.

METHODS
Analyzable archival tissue samples were available for 184 patients on which the secondary analysis was based. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect S100A4 expression on a tissue microarray with triplicate samples from each specimen. Tissue was semiquantitatively scored for % labeled cells and intensity and dichotomized to negative or positive expression. DSS was estimated univariately with the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine if S100A4 expression correlated with DSS.

RESULTS
The analysis was based on 184 specimens; 97 from the 5FU arm and 87 from the gemcitabine arm (see table below). For S100A4 related DSS, the HR for negative vs. positive expression in the 5FU and gemcitabine treatment arms was 0.93 (95% C.I. = [0.53, 1.63], p=0.80) and 1.85 (95% C.I. = [0.96, 3.56], p=0.066), respectively. The 2-year DSS for S100A4-negative patients in the 5FU treatment arm was 26%, and 39% for S100A4-positive patients. In the gemcitabine treatment arm, 2-year DSS for S100A4-negative patients was 59% and 37% for S100A4-positive patients.

CONCLUSIONS
The association with improvement in survival for S100A4-negative patients treated with gemcitabine, although not statistically significant, supports the hypothesis that S100A4 expression predicts for chemoresistance to gemcitabine. The small number of unique samples available from RTOG 9704, especially in subgroups of interest, was a limiting factor in this study. This project was supported by RTOG grant U10 CA21661, U24 CA114734, and CCOP grant U10 CA37422 from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the RTOG Translational Research Program. [Table: see text].


The invention relates to a zoom lens, a camera apparatus, an information device and a mobile information terminal apparatus. The zoom lens includes a first lens group having a positive refractive power, a second lens group having a negative refractive power, an aperture stop, a third lens group having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens group having a positive refractive power, which are disposed in order from an object side. The first lens group has a negative lens and a positive lens having a convex surface at an object side, which are disposed in order from the object side. An interval between the first lens group and the second lens group is increased and an interval between the second lens group and the third lens group is decreased when changing a magnification of the zoom lens from a wide angle end to a telephoto end. The first lens group and the third lens group are moved from positions at the wide angle end toward positions, which are at object sides thereof, at the telephoto end, respectively. Parameters are set so as to successfully correct chromatic aberration while achieving compact size, wide half field angle at the wide angle end, good performance, and a high magnification ratio.


The purpose of this work was development of calibrating models for IR-analyzer MATRIX-I allowing to do the quick-assay of contents of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids in oil of rapeseed seeds. The researches were conducted on seeds of winter and spring rape-seed of 2014-2015 yields at the laboratory of biochemistry of VNIIMK. A chromatographic analysis was done on a gas chromatograph "ChromatechKristall 5000" with an automatic batcher DAG-2M on a capillary column SolGelWax 30 m x 0,25 mm x 0,5 mkm in a floor of carrier-gas helium with a speed 22 cm/m and with a temperature programming within 178-230 оС. Creation of methyl ethers and their chromatography was conducted due to the State Standards R 51486-99 (A creation of methyl ethers of fatty acids) and R 51483-99 (A definition of a weight percentage of methyl ethers of individual fatty acids to their sums by means of a gas chromatography). Spectra were registered subject to a manual on OS OPUS in a spectral range 3500-12500 cm -1 with a definition 16 cm -1 on IR-analyzer MATRIX-I by Bruker Optics (Germany). The rates of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids in oil of seeds of erucic acid free rapeseed are from 92.0 to 93.5% of the total sum of all 13 fatty acids, so they are the primary fatty acids for rapeseed. To do a calibration of IR-analyzer a lot containing 68 rapeseed seed sample were used; the seeds had a maximally possible variation range on contents of oleic acid in oil 61.7-82.7%. A rest content of erucic acid in all samples did not exceed 0.03% of the total sum of fatty acids. The usage in a calibrating lot of rapeseed samples with erucic acid content 10.0 and 16.9% significantly impaired a calibrating dependence so they were eliminated. An error in determination of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids contents obtained on the calibrating models by means of IR-spectrometry does not exceed substantively the standard method. The calibrating models for determination of contents of the primary fatty acids in oil of rapeseed seeds in a small test charge in a glass with diameter 22 mm were developed. It allows swiftly conducting preliminary estimation of breeding material with a high speed, more than 100 samples during working shift, and to control fatty-acid composition of separate plants.


Frontier Technology R&D Division, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd., Shiga 520-2593, Japan Chemical & Nuclear Engineering Department, UNM Center for Emerging Energy Technologies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Hyogo 679−5148, Japan


We propose a new control method of the bistable values of the phase conjugate reflectivity in photorefractive four-wave mixing with beam fanning. Analyzing steady state values and temporal responses of the phase conjugate reflectivity, we indicate that one of the bistable values can be selected arbitrarily by the well controlled erase beam which has an erasing effect on the photorefractive index grating. Besides, theoretical results are examined experimentally.


There is provided a power semiconductor module, wherein at least one press-contacted semiconductor chip (4) is electrically connected via a contact element (8) having a main port (30). The contact element (8) has two flat contact surfaces (81, 82) between which a spring element (7). Regardless of the individual position and height of a chip (4) provides the respective spring element (7) for a uniform contact force. Overloading of the semiconductor chips (4) during the clamping of the module can be prevented by ceramic support members (10).


Full-night polysomnography (PSG) examination is regarded as the gold standard for the diagnosis of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS). However, PSG requires the placement of multiple sensors on the head, face, and chest, which can impose a heavy strain on patients. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to develop a contact-free, stand-alone SAHS screening system that eliminates body movement artifacts based on automatic optimization of the hypopnea threshold. Doppler radar sensors were placed beneath a mattress. In order to achieve high sensitivity and specificity, the hypopnea was based on the average amplitude of respiration during the full sleep period. The threshold was determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using PSG as a reference. We conducted full-night clinical tests of the proposed system in 27 patients with suspected SAHS (49 ± 12 years) at Tomei Atsugi Hospital. When predicting the severity of SAHS with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of >30/h using PSG as a reference, the proposed system achieved a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100%. These results represent a drastic improvement over those of our previous study (sensitivity: 90%; specificity: 79%).


Mr. Dade's book The anatomy and dissection of the honeybee has just been published by the Bee Research Association. The bee's flight mechanism is dealt with in the book, but necessarily somewhat briefly, and in the present article Mr. Dade gives a much fuller account, illustrated by a specially drawn series of diagrams. We believe this to be the first time that the complicated processes involved in bees' flight have been described in such a way that a beekeeper can understand them, and so really appreciate what happens every time one of his bees raises her wings and flies out from the hive.


Let and be von Neumann algebras without central summands of type . Assume that with . In this paper, all maps satisfying are characterized.


The LHC central timing requirements are very different from those of the injector chain; not only is machine safety and reliability critical, there are other important differences that have forced a new approach. Unlike the injector chain, the LHC processes can not be usefully broken up into basic time periods and cycles, rather they are independent, asynchronous, and of arbitrary duration. This paper presents the MTT, the new multitasking event generation hardware we developed to control the LHC machine processes.


Abstract Recently, widespread and high‐level attention both in the United States and in Europe has been focused on the prospects for a non‐nuclear defense of NATO. Central to such a defense is a generation of advanced, high‐technology weapons systems which are to be employed against a range of fixed and mobile targets behind the Warsaw Pact's front lines. However, the promises made regarding these new weapons and the overall concept of deep strike against rear area targets may exceed "real world" performance. Moreover, even if these weapons worked perfectly, they could not replace nuclear weapons as the foundation of NATO's deterrent strategy.


The building sector is undergoing a deep transformation to contribute to meeting the climate neutrality goals set by policymakers worldwide. This process entails the transition towards smart energy-aware buildings that have lower consumptions and better efficiency performance. Digitalization is a key part of this process. A huge amount of data is currently generated by sensors, smart meters and a multitude of other devices and data sources, and this trend is expected to exponentially increase in the near future. Exploiting these data for different use cases spanning multiple application scenarios is of utmost importance to capture their full value and build smart and innovative building services. In this context, this paper presents a high-level architecture for big data management in the building domain which aims to foster data sharing, interoperability and the seamless integration of advanced services based on data-driven techniques. This work focuses on the functional description of the architecture, underlining the requirements and specifications to be addressed as well as the design principles to be followed. Moreover, a concrete example of the instantiation of such an architecture, based on open source software technologies, is presented and discussed.


The recent surge of multijurisdictional IP disputes and increase in non-binding soft laws have made scholars cast doubt on the sustainability of public international law and the validity of the current IP legal system. Private lawyers may now think that they do not have to pay keen attention to public international law any longer when providing legal advice to their clients, particularly MNCs. This study makes a concise description of today's legal environment in the field of IP, focusing on the emerging legal norms of transnational law, particularly in the context of its interplay with public international law. With respect to this, the ongoing and even heightened roles of public international law will be discussed. Finally, a typology is suggested using exponents to express intensity of State sovereignty to facilitate understanding on the relationship between public international law and other categories of law.


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With the implementation of new Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes to report services, now is the time to carefully review your payments and explanations of benefits to ensure you are paid appropriately.

Several new CPT codes have been implemented effective Jan. 1 (see


IntroductionA great many of a coach's responsibilities and duties require a multidimensional education, as well as the special ability and willingness to plan and do a serious job (Kioumourtzoglou, 1987). The responsibilities and duties of modern-day coaches of group and individual sports should not focus exclusively on technical knowledge, coaching and game strategy, but should go further. This is why coaches should apply a specific behaviour and guidance method, so that they can control performance in the effort to achieve common goals, while at the same time solving any problems that may arise (Laios, 2015). Coaching is easy in theory, but not at all easy in practice (Sharon, Kennedy, 1992). According to Dubin (1990), coaches must work on three very important categories of tasks, which include: a) organisation, management and guidance of athletes at the workplace (court/field), b) organisation, management and guidance of athletes themselves, and c) organisation, management and guidance of daily activities (training). According to Mackenzie (2005), coaches, including tennis coaches, must in addition to their technical work as leaders also see to the planning of training sessions, the safety of athletes, effective communication by giving the right instructions and explanations, demonstration, wherever this is necessary, observation, analysis and, lastly, feedback.The role of the tennis coach is intertwined with organisation, support, control, encouragement, coordination, calculation, planning, communication, choices and training (Crespo, M., et al., 2005).From a pedagogical point of view, a tennis coach must aim to achieve the best possible personal performance, since training and harmonious education are two complementary concepts (Hehlmann, 1964). From a psychological point of view, tennis coaches must achieve the improvement of skills through the proper planning and structuring of actions (Ulich, 1973). Finally, from a physiological point of view, they should improve the performance of their athletes through a measurable change in the structure of the instruments and training (Stegemann, 1971).The role of tennis coaches in improving the performance of their athletes is a highly significant factor and they should understand the importance of the physical condition, technique, psychological preparation, strength, and planning and match performance of athletes (Kioumourtzoglou, 1994).The occupation of coaching can be practiced in Greece by:* The graduates of the five departments of Physical Education and Sports Science, who hold a diploma in coaching in specific sport. These departments belong to the universities of Greece. The holders of such a coaching diploma belong automatically to the coaching category A and B, which are the highest ones. (Laios, 2005).* The holders of certificates or diplomas awarded by coaching schools or institutions in foreign countries accredited by the Greek Centre of Sport Research and Technology, a special department of the General Secretariat for Sports.* The holders of certificates or diplomas awarded by specialized schools set up by the General Secretariat for Sport. There are three categories of such certificates or diplomas: A, B and C (Pangiotopoulos, 1990).Each one of the 29 sports federations in Greece is able to organize special coaching schools. These coaching schools are organized every two years in different cities in order to provide coaching diplomas in categories A, B andC. Depending on their level of training coaches can be:* Category A coaches (for football UEFA Pro), who have the right and licence to train professional teams in all divisions.* Category B coaches, who have the right and licence to train professional teams in all divisions (except the First Division), and teams in all amateur and semi-professional in all other local divisions.* Category C coaches, who have the right and licence to train amateur teams and Academies. …


In the world of investing, vulture investors are those who buy distressed assets, almost invariably debt obligations, and then attempt to profit by either selling those assets at a higher price or by entering litigation against the debtor to extract a profitable return on the purchased assets. These vulture investors, or more charitably, "distressed-debt" investors, are almost always organized as some kind of hedge fund and come in two essential forms, domestic and international. The domestic vulture investor focuses on the obligations of firms, while the internationally-focused vulture speculates in the debt of sovereign issuers. This article focuses on vultures operating in sovereign debt and has two primary goals, first, to explain how vulture funds operate, and second, to consider the social value of their activities. In sum, the article concludes that vulture funds provide a valuable function in international debt markets, contrary to the pronouncements of some governmental spokesmen, international financial institutions, the established view of many NGOs, and the moralizing of many who advocate for relief of the poor.The remainder of this article is organized as follows. Section I reviews the basic operations and commercial strategy of vulture funds, while Section II briefly surveys the legal framework within which sovereign lending proceeds. This legal environment constitutes the social space in which vulture investors operate. Section III presents the main arguments against vulture investing, and Section IV offers a rebuttal of all the claims made against vultures. Beyond mere rebuttal, Section V makes a positive case for the value of vultures and argues that the self-interested pursuit of vulture investors throws off benefits to other bond investors, to sovereign borrowers, to the sovereign debt market, and to the debtor's society and the society that hosts the sovereign debt markets where nations borrow. Section VI concludes.I. The Basic Operations of Vulture FundsSince earliest times, sovereign governments have borrowed funds from the public for a variety of reasons, foremost among these being to acquire funding to wage war. In contemporary times, governments also borrow to undertake presumably worthwhile infrastructure projects and to finance a higher level of consumption than their contemporaneous tax revenues can support. Lenders to governments include other governments and their agencies, multilateral organizations, and the public, which includes both firms and individuals. To secure these funds, sovereign borrowers promise to repay the borrowed funds with interest.In the early twentieth century, sovereign borrowing occurred mostly through the flotation of bonds in London and New York, with the prime market being initially London. With the economic ascendancy of the United States, New York became the dominant center for issuing sovereign bonds. After the Great Depression and World War II, the bond market was gradually supplanted by international banks. Lending by this method usually involved a consortium of large banks, a syndicate, that organized very substantial loans to sovereigns with participation by many banks. Participant banks were principally large banks operating in the international arena, but smaller "country banks" also played a minor role in many syndicates as well. After the debacle of the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s, in which many large international banks became essentially insolvent, the principal form of sovereign lending again became the flotation of sovereign bonds.1The entire history of sovereign borrowing has been accompanied by frequent sovereign defaults and "restructurings." A debtor defaults when it fails to pay as promised, and the severity of a default can be as minor as a "technical" default that occurs when a single payment is merely a day late. At the other extreme a debtor can simply repudiate a debt and refuse all payments to its creditors. …


To find new genetic associations with Multiple sclerosis (MS), a multifactorial neuroinflammatory autoimmune disorder, very common in Sardinia, we performed a genome wide association scan (GWAS) in 882 unrelated Sardinian MS cases and 872 controls genotyped with the Affymetrix 6.0 array. We found one novel gene, CBLB , associated with MS ( p = 1.60x10- 10 in 2,657 cases and 2,877 controls).
 Following, we performed a GWAS in 2280 cases and 1920 controls. All samples were typed with the 6.0 array and a subset of 837, also with the Illumina 1 M Duo array. To enrich for rare variants, we performed imputation using low-pass sequencing data from 505 Sardinians, or 280 Europeans of the 1000 Genomes project.
Imputation with the Sardinian reference panel worked better than with the 1000 Genome panel, particularly when data from more samples was used. A greater number of SNPs passed quality filters and with higher imputation quality ratings, especially for rare variants (mean RSQR 0.92 vs 0.75).
 We selected some variants to be followed up with TaqMan genotyping. We confirmed the HLA region and CD58 , IL2RA , CLEC16A , IRF8 , CBLB , TNFRSF14 loci , and some new loci identified by the International MS Consortium.
In conclusion, we found the CBLB gene associated with MS and that the imputation method benefited from using sequencing data from the same population. Next, the sequencing data from ~1200 Sardinians and ImmunoChip data of 3200 cases and 4500 controls will be used to detect novel MS loci .


Let $$X$$X be a normed linear space and $$L(X)$$L(X) be the algebra of continuous linear operators on $$X$$X. We give a necessary condition for topological transitivity of subsets of $$L(X)$$L(X) which gives a necessary condition for hypercyclicity and supercyclicity of a single operator on $$X$$X. Also, we prove the strict transitivity of some particular families of operators on locally convex spaces and Hilbert spaces.


The results of the IoTTech Internet of Things (IoT) tool for Oyster Mushroom cultivation control the temperature and humidity of the Oyster Mushroom cultivation house. This IOTTECH technology has a DHT11 sensor input to be processed to the Arduino mega and ethernet shield while the output of this tool is an android smartphone, actuator, humidity and temperature control using the Blynk application. The initial process with the DHT11 sensor sends data to the microcontroller for the process of displaying the output value of humidity, LDR and temperature, the output is displayed on an android smartphone as a monitoring interface with the Blynk application as remote monitoring. This research produced a prototype for the output humidity, LDR and air temperature in mushroom houses using the Internet of Thing (IoT) using Blynk. The regulation of output humidity, LDR and temperature uses IoT via blynk, more efficient both in terms of time and cost. The actuator will live automatically according to the humidity, LDR and temperature that has been set.


In this study, to explore the applicability of passive house technology under PHPP assessment standards in Chinese areas hot in summer and cold in winter, Nanjing area was taken as an example, real cases were examines under PHPP assessment standards for passive houses in line with regional climatic differences. The present study focused on four aspects, namely the thermal insulation & heat preservation properties of the external enclosure structure, the mildew-growing temperature of the interior wall, the air-tightness property of the external enclosure structure, as well as the damp-proof performance of buildings. A numeric analysis was conducted using Dest software, and the German PHPP assessment standards for passive houses were eventually found not entirely applicable to Chinese areas hot in summer and hot in winter. Thermal insulation, damp-proof, and vapor-proof properties should be considered when designing passive house projects for such areas. Based on influential factors, this study proposed the climatically-reconstructed design for the external enclosure structure of passive houses and employed Energyplus for demonstration and analysis. Analytical findings suggested that the reconstruction plan is feasible.


Proteasome (Psm) functional insufficiency (PFI) contributes to the genesis of a large subset of heart failure (HF). Measures to correct PFI promise to benefit HF treatment but the search for such measures requires a better understanding on how Psm activity is regulated. Phosphorylation of Rpn6/PSMD11 at Ser14 (pS14‐Rpn6) underlines activation of the 26S Psm by the cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) in cultured cells but this remains to be confirmed in vivo. Moreover, the in vivo (patho)physiological requirement of Psm phosphoregulation by PKA, or by any kinases for that matter, has not been established. To address these critical gaps, we sought to test the novel hypothesis that pS14‐Rpn6 protects the heart under stress conditions. (1) We created two mouse models in which the Rpn6/Psmd11 gene is edited so that its Ser14 is mutated to either Ala (S14A) or Asp (S14D) to block or mimic phosphorylation, respectively. Increases in myocardial pS14‐Rpn6 and in 26S Psm activities by stimulating PKA are completely lost in S14A mice and, conversely, S14D mouse hearts show significantly higher basal 26S Psm activities than wild type (WT) mouse hearts. For the first time, these studies unequivocally establish Ser14 of Rpn6 as the primary, if not the only, phosphosite responsible for the activation of 26S Psms by PKA in vivo. (2) A small cohort of S14A and S14D mice are used for a preliminary aging study. To date, they have reached 22 months of age but none has died or shown gross abnormalities. (3) β‐Adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol (5 mg/kg × 15 days, s.c.) induced significantly greater myocardial ubiquitin conjugate accumulation and cardiac hypertrophy in S14A mice than in WT mice. (4) Myocardial pS14‐Rpn6 levels were markedly increased in WT mice subject to coronary artery ligation induced myocardial infarction (MI) or transverse aorta constriction (TAC). (5) Adult female S14A, S14D, and age‐matched WT mice were subject to MI. Serial echocardiography (Echo) at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post‐MI revealed that post‐MI left ventricular chamber dilatation was significantly less in the S14D MI group (vs. WT MI and S14A MI groups). By 8 weeks post‐MI, the reduction of fractional shortening and ejection fraction became more severe in the S14A MI group than in the other two MI groups, indicating that pS14‐Rpn6 protects against post‐MI cardiac remodeling and malfunction. (6) Serial Echo revealed that TAC induced greater cardiac hypertrophy at the earlier time points (1 and 2 weeks) but more rapid cardiac function decompensation in S14A mice than in WT mice. TAC‐induced greater increases of cardiac ubiquitin conjugates in S14A mice than in WT mice. Thus, through unequivocal genetic interrogations, we have established for the first time that pS14‐Rpn6, the primary mechanism for PKA to activate the Psm, is indispensable for the heart to handle various stresses and that increases in pS14‐Rpn6 promote new cardiac proteostasis and protect against cardiac hypertrophy and function decompensation in diseased hearts.


This article defines a new type of abundant numbers, called largest rho-value (abbreviate LR) numbers, and then shows that Robin hypothesis is true if and only if all LR numbers $>5040$ satisfy Robin inequality.


High resolution Auger-electron spectra have been measured for the interaction of swift heavy ions with metallic solids. These spectra allow for a test of the thermal-spike and Coulomb-explosion models, which describe the evolution of ion tracks in solids. The key point of this investigation is the determination of electron temperatures resulting from the energy transfer by the projectile ion. Electron temperatures have been extracted from the shapes of the Auger-line structures. Measurements have been performed for aluminium, beryllium, and several metallic glasses, resulting in electron temperatures between 10 000 and 100 000 K for Auger decay times around 10 fs. There was no significant sign of heavy-ion-track potentials for the metallic samples. Conduction band electrons do neutralize the atomic charges so fast that Coulomb explosion and the corresponding Auger-energy shifts are impossible. Thus, materials modifications inside ion tracks of metals may result only from the hot electrons described in the thermal-spike model. Furthermore, angular distributions of ion-induced Auger electrons from beryllium and aluminium have been measured for the first time and significant ion-track effects have been found. In a highly excited electron system the mean free electron path-length may be reduced. The geometry of the ion track as well as of the crystal leads then to a suppression of Auger-electron yields along specific directions. In conclusion, a significant influence of the highly charged projectile on the electronic system of metals has been determined in this work for the first time.


ABSTRACT In this paper issues relating to the social construction of mental retardation are raised. The writings of a group of six people, diagnosed as moderately mentally retarded, are used to highlight several areas of debate. It is argued that labelling people as mentally retarded, particularly those deemed mildly or moderately retarded, is not necessarily of benefit to those individuals. Furthermore, this process establishes and perpetuates the notion that people so-called are incapable of acting in their own best interests. The work of the six people used in this paper challenges these notions, and suggests that many people who are labelled as mentally retarded are aware of their needs and are able to express these coherently.


Carried out for the acceleration of re-rendering of the graphics frame, for example, it is disclosed. Re-rendering, frames, objects, grid cache, the object-indexed cache


The article provides an overview of foreign studies on self-efficacy in learning. Its theoretical basis is the concept of self-efficacy proposed by A. Bandura within the framework of social-cognitive personality theory. The article provides an overview of modern studies examining academic self-efficacy of learners, including those involved in distance learning. The relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic achievement of students is analyzed. Separately, the self- efficacy and collective efficacy of teachers, as well as their relationship with the academic success of students are considered.


Dyes are widely used in textile-based industries and inefficiencies in the dying process may result in large amounts of dyestuff being discharged into the wastewater. Membrane separation technology provides relatively high removal for dye wastewater. In this study, local thin-film composite nanofiltration (TFC-NF) membranes for dye removal were fabricated. These membranes were synthesised using an interfacial polymerization technique by reacting m-phenylene diamine (MPD) (2.0% w/w) in an aqueous solution and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) (0.2% w/w) in an organic solution. The role of reaction time (5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 20 s, 30 s, 45 s and 60 s) in organic phase on the morphologies, structural details and performances were examined. Membranes were characterized in terms of permeability coefficient, separation of charged solute, membrane structural details and membrane morphology. All fabricated membrane characteristics were in the range of nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The membrane that was prepared with the reac...


The SARS-CoV-2-induced pandemic initially began as a local viral outbreak in Wuhan in late December 2019. Thereafter, it rapidly spread to the remaining parts of the globe, causing substantial psychosomatic disorders and socioeconomic disruption. Consequently, millions of lives have been lost due to the ongoing pandemic. Furthermore, common people have also been at the receiving end, and continue to struggle daily on multiple fronts of sustenance, existence, and survival. To date, there has not been the successful development of effective therapeutic drugs (except for a few prophylactic vaccines) to contain this pandemic. Therefore, focus on non-pharmacological interventions, including spread of public health awareness, and inculcating good practices and attitudes among the general population, have become crucial at this juncture, facilitating the transition from pandemic to post- pandemic life. Here, we conducted a questionnaire-based survey to evaluate COVID-19-related knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the general population residing in and around Delhi, the National capital of India, involving a random sample of 521 participants. Our comprehensive data analyses unravel a statistically significant (p < 0.05) disparity in knowledge, attitude, and practices about COVID-19 in the general population based on contrasting variables, such as gender, educational qualification, location, and economic background. This highlights the crucial need for removing significant disparity concerning basic COVID-19 knowledge by communicating evidence-based information through regular educational programs and awareness campaigns to help the community and common people in fighting against the ongoing pandemic.


Fault in a power system is cleared by a protection scheme which comprises of different components such as relay, circuit breaker and accessories. Collective action of all elements in a protection scheme is necessary to correctly identify and isolate a fault selectively. Failure of any element in such a protection arrangement may lead to unwanted line trip risking further outages in the network. This work proposes a wide area measurement system (WAMS) data-based technique for online identification of failure of protection element for a transmission line. Synchronised voltage-current phasors along with relay decision and circuit breaker status signals are used to calculate indices which identify the failed component. The proposed method is tested for 39-bus New-England system and found to be accurate.


As a means of an advanced criminal approach,intellectual means of crime touches upon various aspects of our social life,resulting in serious harm to society.The difference of intellectual means of crime from such traditional criminal means as violent and power means is that it has a significant feature of intelligence while in committing crimes,which has accelerated the success rate of crime and also increased the difficulty for the judicial authorities in prosecution.Therefore,only through strengthening the theoretical research of the criminal intelligence,defining and grasping the meaning of related criminal intelligence,can we promote the further study and prevention and control intelligent crimes in this field.


We present the detection of 89 low surface brightness (LSB), and thus low stellar density galaxy candidates in the Perseus cluster core, of the kind named 'ultra-diffuse galaxies', with mean effective V-band surface brightnesses 24.8-27.1 mag arcsec−2, total V-band magnitudes −11.8 to −15.5 mag, and half-light radii 0.7-4.1 kpc. The candidates have been identified in a deep mosaic covering 0.3 square degrees, based on wide-field imaging data obtained with the William Herschel Telescope. We find that the LSB galaxy population is depleted in the cluster centre and only very few LSB candidates have half-light radii larger than 3 kpc. This appears consistent with an estimate of their tidal radius, which does not reach beyond the stellar extent even if we assume a high dark matter content (M/L = 100). In fact, three of our candidates seem to be associated with tidal streams, which points to their current disruption. Given that published data on faint LSB candidates in the Coma cluster – with its comparable central density to Perseus – show the same dearth of large objects in the core region, we conclude that these cannot survive the strong tides in the centres of massive clusters.


Objective To provide anatomical basis for transposition for the periosteal flap pedicled with the lateral anterior malleolus vessel on the anterior external of tibia distally based. Methods The origins, course, branches distribution, and anastomosis of lateral anterior malleous artery and periosteal vessels of the anterior external of tibia distally based were observed on 30 adult cadaveric feet. Results Lateral anterior malleolus arteies had 1~2 branches, whose diameters were(1.6±0.4)mm and the distances the above cusp of extrnal malleolys cusp were(1.1±0.4)cm, the arteries sent off the 1~3 pieces periosteum branches with diameter 0.4 to 0.8 mm, which distribute to the periostalr of anterior external of tibia distally based. To circulate anterior external of lateral malleouls of perforating descending branch of peroneal artery [the distances the above cusp of external malleolys cusp were (5.6±0.5)cm],the arteries sent off the 2~6 pieces periosteum branches with diameter 0.5 to 1.0 mm, which distributed to the periostealr of anterior external of tibia distally based and lateral malleolus. Both anastomosis site in the above cusp of external malleolys cusp were(1.7±0.6)cm, the distances the point of lateral anterior malleolus artery were(2.5±0.6)cm. The artery of anastomosis to undergo posterior of extensor digitorum brevis, along anterior border of tendon of short peroneal muscle, anastomosed with the lateral tarsal artery and the medial taesal atery. Conclusion It is an easy practical for repairing fracture of neck of talus fracture and ischemic necrosis of talus body to achieve the transposition of periosteal flap pedicled with the lateral anterior malleous vessel on the anterior external of tibia distally based.


This essay focuses on the enforcement of US immigration laws at Canadian border ports of entry from 1891 to 1941 – more particularly, between Port Huron and Detroit on the west and Buffalo and Niagara Falls on the east. It first analyzes the reasons for the creation of ports of entry as a way to control the influx of aliens across the northern border. The study then focuses on the shaping of ports of entry as both physical and bureaucratic spaces dedicated to the control of all border crossers, including American and Canadian citizens, but also to the smooth flow of traffic. Finally, through an analysis of border crossers' letters of complaints to immigration authorities, the essay explores crossers' expectations of the border and reactions to increased controls. Ports of entry, as a manifestation of the power of the sovereign state, affected the behavior of border crossers. On the other hand, immigration officials understood that good customer service was a necessary condition for the public's compliance with their power at the border.


The effects of dietary cimaterol on energetic efficiency and liver oxygen consumption were evaluated using 14 wether lambs. Lambs were fed at a low intake (491 kJ kg−0.75 d−1 metabolizable energy (ME)) followed by a high intake (919 kJ ME kg−0,75 d−1). Five control animals received a pelleted alfalfa diet and five received a diet in which cimaterol was added at a level of 10.9 mg kg−1 dry matter. Four additional animals received no cimaterol at the low intake level and 10.9 mg kg−1 dry matter at the high intake. Indirect calorimetry measurements were conducted over a 24-h period on day 22 at each feeding level. Digestibility of dry matter and energy were not affected by cimaterol treatment. Methane production as a percentage of gross and digestible energy intake was increased (P = 0.04) 19% by cimaterol treatment at the 1.1 × M feeding level. Heat production was not affected by cimaterol treatment. Maintenance requirements (kJ ME kg−0.75 d−1) ranged from 314 to 438 for control and from 402 to 458 for cima...


Supporting independent ISs and integrating them in distributed data warehouses (materialized views) is becoming more important with the growth of the WWW. However, views defined over autonomous ISs are susceptible to schema changes. In the <italic>EVE</italic> project we are developing techniques to support the maintenance of data warehouses defined over distributed <italic>dynamic</italic> ISs [5, 6, 7]. The <italic>EVE</italic> system is the first to allow views to survive <italic>schema changes</italic> of their underlying ISs while also adapting to changing data in those sources. <italic>EVE</italic> achieves this is two steps: applying view query rewriting algorithms that exploit information about alternative ISs and the information they contain, and incrementally adapting the view extent to the view definition changes. Those processes are referred to as <italic>view synchronization</italic> and <italic>view adaption</italic>, respectively. They increase the survivability of materialized views in changing environments and reduce the necessity of human interaction in system maintenance.


In this study, the viability of assessing drought insurance claims via remote sensing is explored. Time series of satellite images from the Sentinel-2 mission and weather data from the European Climate Assessment & Dataset are used to fit classifiers on historical loss data from an agricultural insurance. Two different approaches for training classifiers are explored, designing neural networks to learn directly on the time series and transforming the data to a fixed-size representation to enable the use of other methods. It is shown that in this case the second approach yields much better results, as careful feature engineering combined with more rigid methods like gradient boosting leads to less overfitting compared to the neural network approach.Compared to existing approaches, the proposed methods allow for analyzing the situation on a per-field level while using high resolution imagery (Sentinel-2) over a large geographic area.


We have used laser temperature jump spectroscopy to measure the folding speed of the 20-residue Trp-cage, the smallest polypeptide known to exhibit truly cooperative folding behavior. The observed folding time (4 μs at room temperature) makes this not only the smallest foldable protein, but also the fastest, with a folding speed that exceeds contact-order predictions and approaches anticipated diffusional "speed limits" for protein folding.


The arrival on the world market of plastic packaging has obliged glass manufacturers to optimise their production in order to remain competitive. We discuss recent work on the development of numerical models and methods for high temperature glass forming processes, by both centrifuging and press and blow processes


Objective
To study the clinical features and risk factors of acute pulmonary reperfusion injury after operation in neonates with severe pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia.

Method
From February 2014 to February 2018, a retrospective analysis was performed in patients with critical pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia who received percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV) in the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital. Clinical characteristics, perioperative cardiac structure, hemodynamic data and biochemical results were collected. The neonates were assigned into injury group if they had acute lung reperfusion injury, and non-injury group if not. The risk factors of acute lung reperfusion injury were analyzed using multi-variate Logistic regression model.

Result
A total of 32 patients (24 prenatal diagnosis and 8 postnatal diagnosis) with severe pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum were enrolled. The main manifestations were dyspnea and cyanosis. Intravenous prostaglandin E was administered to keep the ductus arteriosus open. The age of operation ranged from 1 to 52 days and the median age was 7.5 days. Postoperative acute lung reperfusion injury occurred in 7 cases (21.9%). Preoperative and intraoperative pulmonary valve annulus diameter, balloon diameter, preoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit and blood albumin were significantly lower in the injury group. The operation duration, total length of hospital stay and postoperative duration were longer than in the non-injury group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multi-variate Logistic regression analysis showed that the diameter of pulmonary valve annulus (OR=5.814, 95%CI 1.106~30.568), preoperative blood albumin (OR=1.361, 95%CI 1.063~1.742), and hematocrit (OR=1.173, 95%CI 1.010~1.363) were risk factors of acute lung reperfusion injury, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Acute lung reperfusion injury is one of the common complications after the operation of severe pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia. The severity of pulmonary valve annulus stenosis, preoperative hematocrit and blood albumin level may be the risk factors of postoperative acute lung reperfusion injury.

Key words:
Reperfusion injury; Pulmonary valve stenosis; Pulmonary atrasia; Percutaneous pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty


An exchange-rate system is a set of contracts which commits central banks to intervene in the foreign-exchange market. The design features of the system include: the rules of intervention, the limits placed on exchange rates and the "crisis scenario" which describes possible transitions to new regimes in case one central bank runs out of reserves or borrowing capacity. This paper considers the various trade-offs one faces in designing an exchange-rate system. Svensson (1989) has already analyzed the degree of variability in the exchange rate, the interest rate and the fundamentals. But the tradeoff also pertains to the amount of reserves which the central banks must have on hand in order to forestall a speculative attack and make the system sustainable. The amount of reserves needed depends crucially on the assured crisis scenario.


Abstract — Since the late nineties in Latin America, a new way of Rural Agro-Industry (RAI) development has been opened with Localized Agri-food Systems (SYAL in French). It appeared from existing relationships between geographical concentrations of RAI and the territory and with the idea of coping with new challenges brought about by globalization. This perspective is particularly relevant in the dairy and cheese dairy sectors. The main objective of this paper is to present an analysis of cheese dairy Localized Agri-food Systems activation, based on various case studies in Latin America that were presented during a workshop held in Toluca, Mexico, in November 2009. We highlight the necessary conditions to land resources activation in the strategies of local development based on the relationship between the territory and food products. In particular, we try to show that the various forms of the articulation between territory and value chain on the one hand, and the constitution of external or internal social networks on the other hand, largely determine the modality of collective actions and their results. In the specific case of milk that we are dealing with, it appears that the basis of local development process rests on the co-construction of a territorialized resource connected with quality and know-haw, such as collective trademarks, registered designation of origin and geographical indication of origin. Key words: Localized Agri-food Systems, certification, collective action, cheese dairy sector, Latin America.


Anwar was a Parizaini citizen who lost everything in the 2014 Rasilian air strike. He was falsely accused by the SSIA and was imprisoned at the Washington, DC Central Detention Facility. There, he befriended Donald (a former Navy Seal), Rahman (an engineering student), Emma (the PS of the President), Roger (a prison guard), and some others. On November 12, 2020, an army coup took place against the US government, led by the former chief of the SSIA, General Edward Carter, and Retired Rasilian air marshal, General Alexander Levi, supported by some terrorists and a number of corrupted government personnel who called themselves "The Red Army". They infiltrated the White House and some other important locations in the capital, took the President as well as the senators with their family members at the White House as their hostages, and sabotaged the entire defense forces of the capital. The entire capital became isolated from the rest of the country. The Red Army tried to create anarchism in the US and the entire world. Anwar and his companions escaped from jail during the moment of chaos. Afterwards, they formed "The Green Army" and tried to protect the innocents from this massacre.


The invention relates to a file splitting method based on contents, comprising the following steps: selecting the length of windows, the expected length of data logic blocks and the length range of the data logic blocks; computing the Rabin fingerprint value of each sliding window by adopting Rabin fingerprint algorithm, and determining the breaking point of each data logic block according to the Rabin fingerprint value of each sliding window; splitting files according to the data logic blocks; selecting the expected length of data storage blocks, and limiting the length range of the data storage blocks; searching and confirming the breaking points of the data storage blocks; and splitting the files according to the data storage blocks. In the invention, the file splitting method based on the contents can accurately and efficiently search different contents among different files or different versions of the same file, thereby saving a large amount of storage space in storage and file systems, reducing the transmission contents of file information, and decreasing the dependence of the performance of a network file system on bandwidth.


Nine novel Ln(III) complexes with Schiff base(ACACDA) derived from diethylene glycol diamine and acetylacetone have been synthesized by the "step by step" method for the first time. They can be formulated as: [Ln(ACACDA)(2)(NO3)(2)(NO3)](NO3)(2). 4H(2)O(Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Er, Yb, Y). Enamic form mechanism in the ligand of the complexes was suggested and proved by UV, IR, especially H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra. The EPR spectrum of the Gd(III) complex exhibits the "U" spectral feature and "zero field effect". On this basis, the crystal field strength and the local symmetry around Gd3+ in the complex have been discussed.


To want liberation and resist tension shows the natural force of the activety of hunan real life.This is a symbol system of any nation to display the common value and find care of any life.The hunan nature liberty stresses the force of the hunan life and pursues the overpassing of the inner forces.This forms the life nature component and the primitive truth which lay in the beauty and maturity of the spiritual life.This is the aesthetics liberalism.


In this paper, we study the modified Camassa-Holm (mCH) equation in Lagrangian coordinates. For some initial data $m_0$, we show that classical solutions to this equation blow up in finite time $T_{max}$. Before $T_{max}$, existence and uniqueness of classical solutions are established. Lifespan for classical solutions is obtained: $T_{max}≥ \frac{1}{||m_0||_{L^∞}||m_0||_{L^1}}.$ And there is a unique solution $X(ξ, t)$ to the Lagrange dynamics which is a strictly monotonic function of $ξ$ for any $t∈[0, T_{max})$: $X_ξ(·, t)>0$. As $t$ approaching $T_{max}$, we prove that the classical solution $m(·, t)$ in Eulerian coordinates has a unique limit $m(·, T_{max})$ in Radon measure space and there is a point $ξ_0$ such that $X_ξ(ξ_0, T_{max}) = 0$ which means $T_{max}$ is an onset time of collisions of characteristics. We also show that in some cases peakons are formed at $T_{max}$. After $T_{max}$, we regularize the Lagrange dynamics to prove global existence of weak solutions $m$ in Radon measure space.


For blowout fractures of the orbital floor, surgical procedures have routinely involved a transantral, transorbital, or endonasal endoscopic approach, or some combination of them. We have adopted a combination of transantral and transorbital approaches, a combined approach, since 2009. In the transantral approach, the orbital tissue can be lifted upward through the maxillary sinus using endoscopes. Using a transorbital approach, the orbital floor can be approached to pull the orbital tissue upward via subciliary incision. The transorbital approach is useful for fractures in the anterior part of the orbital floor, but has less benefit for fractures in the posterior part. A combined approach overcomes this shortcoming without any postoperative esthetic complications. This report describes two patients with blowout fractures in the orbital floor who underwent reconstruction using a combined approach.


The removal efficiencies of atrazine and ametryne by coagulation,PAC adsorption and PAC adsorption coupled with coagulation in the background of their concentration sudden increase in water were studied.According to the change of raw water quality and the conventional treatment processes,the influence of the coagulant dosage,pH value and preoxidation on removal of atrazine and ametryne by coagulation and the influence of original concentration of target substances,concentration of NOM and preoxidation on PAC adsorption were investigated.The results indicate that regulating pH value and preoxidation can improve the removal efficiencies of atrazine and ametryne by coagulation,but the concentration of treated water does not reach the standards and the concentration of NOM does not affect the adsorption of PAC linearly,and simultaneous addition of oxidants and PAC may weaken their function mutually.Therefore,PAC adsorption coupled with coagulation is the simplest and most effective method for removing atrazine and ametryne.


The review presents literature data on the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the formation of bacterial biofilms. The role of biofilm structures as a factor of virulence of microorganisms is shown, and the protective reactions of a macroorganism in infectious processes caused by bacteria — producers of biofilms are characterized. The article also provides the examples of methods for studying biofilm formation and strategies for managing this process. The prospects of further study of the complex interaction between bacterial pathogens in biofilms are shown, which may help to develop further therapeutic strategies against the biofilm-dependent infections.


Parameters of conical emission are defined with respect to ambient gas, pulse-width and wavelength of focused radiation, which allows significant minimization of scattering in the case of ultra-short pulsed laser micromachining.


Objective: To observe the histological changes of lamina externa cranii at both the graft and donor areas after having been grafted in animal experiment.Methods: 4 mini pigs aged from 8 to 12 months were selected.Part of the outer table of skull(2.5 cm×1.0 cm) was decorticated and was divided equally.Both were implanted on each side of the snouts of animals.2 pigs were selected randomly and were killed 12 weeks postoperation.Each 1.0 cm×0.5 cm specimen was harvested and histological study was performed.The other 2 animals were killed 24 weeks after operation.Gross inspection of the donor site was performed and histological study was done.Results: In the graft area: bone absorption was obvious 12 weeks postoperation,but bone matrix increased obviously at 24 weeks postoperation.Results of scanning electron microscope showed that interface between bone graft and recipient site was discernment and collagen type Ⅰwas malaligned 12 weeks postoperation.Collagen fibers were in good order and good mineralization was found 24 weeks postoperation.In the donor area: small amounts of new bone formation could be seen and alignment of cemental line was chaotic 12 weeks postoperation.At 24 weeks,bone formation was obvious and alignment of haversian canal was regular.Scanning electron microscopy showed that structure of the tissue was uneven and disorder at 12 weeks postoperation.Collagen fibers were in good order and good mineralization was found 24 weeks postoperation.On gross view,raw surface of the donor site got complete healing,osteanagenesis was incomplete and introcession could be observed in the local area.Conclusion: Histological remodeling of lamina externa cranii is complete at 24 weeks after having been grafted.The donor site can regenerate but morphologic introcession could be observed.


Voice conversion (VC) is an important technique for the development of text-to-speech voices in the use case of lacking speech resources. VC can convert an audio signal from a source speaker to a specific target speaker whilst maintaining the linguistic information. The benefit of VC is that you only require a small amount of target data which therefore makes it possible to build high quality text-to-speech voices using only a limited amount of speech data. In this work, we implement VC using a mel-spectrogram Generative Adversarial Network called MelGAN-VC. This technique does not require parallel data and has been proven successful on as little as 1 hour of target speech data. The aim of this work was to build child voices by modifying the original one-to-one MelGAN-VC model to a many-to-many model and determine if there is any gain in using such a model. We found that using a many-to-many model performs better than the baseline one-to-one model in terms of speaker similarity and the naturalness of the output speech when using only 24 minutes of speech data.


The outline of the general plan was to establish an aerial route through Central Africa with landing-places as near as possible a hundred miles apart, with the necessary number of petrol and oil refilling stations, repair depots, dwellings for pilots and mechanics, telegraphic or wireless com? munications between landing-places, transport roads^ and all the necessary paraphernalia for an aeroplane service, which is perhaps more extensive than the average layman imagines. G.H.Q., R.A.F. Cairo sent out parties and individuals to their allotted sections of the route on which they were to find the requisite number of landing-places, to mark them out, and to report on them. Each landingplace was to be not less than 800 yards each way, so as to enable a machine of any size to land comfortably with the wind in any direction. Now a piece of ground 800 yards square which is level, or can be made level without an enormous amount of labour, with a firm and well-drained surface, sufficiently dry all the year round, and easy of access, is by no means easily found in the equatorial region between Khartoum and Bulawayo. The work entailed in the construction of these landing-places varies, of course, enormously. In desert country almost " natural" aerodromes are occasionally found requiring very little preparation beyond putting in large white circles which may be seen from the air, and flags or small white patches to mark the boundaries. In bush country the trees and bushes are first cut down and burnt, stumps removed, ant-hills destroyed, and the whole surface finally levelled and made as firm as possible, since soft ground is very bad for landing. All large trees near the boundaries are also cut down.


Eukaryotes contain three essential DNA-dependent RNA polymerases that transcribe the genome into RNAs, namely Pol I, II and III, as well as two non-essential, plant-specific RNA polymerases, Pol IV and Pol V. Subunit compositions of Pol II, Pol IV and Pol V were recently determined. By contrast, Pol I and Pol III have been purified from plants but their complete subunit compositions are unknown. In Arabidopsis, numerous RNA polymerase subunits that are encoded by single genes in yeast or humans are present in multi-gene families. Some of this diversity among Pol II-related subunit families is explained by the emergence of Pol IV and V. However, multiple putative homologs of the yeast Pol III-specific subunits Rpc11, Rpc17, Rpc31 and Rpc53 are also present in Arabidopsis, as are two homologs of the yeast Pol I and Pol III subunit, Rpac40. We purified Pol I and Pol III from Arabidopsis and determined their subunit compositions using mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation. Our results indicate that the Pol I and Pol III subunit compositions are conserved between yeast and plants. However, Pol I and Pol III utilize distinct, non-redundant subunits that are homologs of the single Rpac40 in yeast. Arabidopsis Pol III uniquely utilizes two alternative Rpc53related variants. The identification of Pol I, II, III, IV and V subunits completed with this study reveals examples of functional diversification and cases of subunit redundancy among RNA polymerases in plants. (233 words)


For this paper an Inconel Nickel alloy was produced by the Powder Metallurgy manufacturing process using Ni, Fe and Cr powder. From the new alloy two Samples S1 and S2 were produced with different percentages in the composition of the alloying elements. The Samples were compacted at 950 MPa according to ASTM B925-15 section 7 and sintered at 1200 °C in order to obtain an alloy and then to compare the best diffusibility between the alloying elements. The Samples were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and with microprobe by Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). In the results obtained Sample 1 showed a little diffusibility and Sample 2 had good diffusion. Keywords— Powder metallurgy; Diffusibility; Nickel alloys.


In this article, we study a certain shadowing property on well-known two-dimensional maps presented by Lozi with the y-axis as their singularity set and strange attractors. Our main theorem shows that there exists a nonempty open subset of the Misiurewicz domain such that, for any , the Lozi map L a ,  b with strange attractor has the parameter-shifted shadowing property.


Langsa Hospital's efforts to welcome the central government's program regarding digital-based payments have been implemented since September 21, 2021. It's just that until now non-cash payment for health services using QRIS at Langsa Hospital is still low. The community service team saw this problem and conducted socialization by collaborating with the first partner, Langsa Hospital and the second partner, the Langsa branch of YAI, to socialize non-cash payment of health services using QRIS at Langsa Hospital, which was attended by 850 participants. The methods used are lectures, questions and answers, practice of using QRIS. So based on the results of this socialization it was found that only 27 participants (3.18%) had used QRIS at Langsa Hospital and the remaining 823 participants (96.82%) had not. The participants looked enthusiastic and enthusiastic about participating in the event until the end and with additional information from the resource persons and the team, the participants were interested in using QRIS if they went to a hospital for treatment.


As the density of board design increasing fast, the distance between the adjacent components becomes much smaller. When the miniature chip components and the fine pitch components which require smaller volumes of solder paste are close to the castle-like components, connectors with poor pin co-planarity and CCGAs which require more solder paste, only one single thickness stencil could not satisfy all of the components at the same printing process. At present, the step stencil is the cheapest and most popular solution, but the layout density could not increase more because of the keep-out distances. The objective of this iNEMI Solder Paste Deposition Project is to understand the major factors to step stencil printing quality and where are the limitations. The widely recognized industry standard IPC-7525 has been used as the starting point for an experimental program that explores the effect of varying the keep out distance for 0201 and 0402 chip components, CSP and SOP with pitches down to 0.4mm, and larger components represented by CCGA. Other variables included in the experiments to determine if they had an effect on the sensitivity of paste transfer to keep-out distance included stencil type, step height and solder type. In the first stage of the project the printing to each pad was measured with automated 3D SPI systems and optimum combinations of parameters were also identified by statistical analysis. In the second stage, a confirming printing and an assembly validation were done and optimum combinations were carefully checked up. Results indicate that the minimum keep-out distance for each kind of components applied in this project can be obtained following the optimum design. In this paper the authors will explain the methodology chosen to achieve the project objectives and recommend future work directions.


HE sub-continent of India, which has now been T divided up into the Indian Union and Pakistan, is the second largest cotton growing country of the world, and the agricultural departments in different provinces and states devote a great deal of time and attention to the improvement of this crop. Kamiah (14)z has drawn up a list of 34 varieties of indigenous cotton and 18 of acclimatized American cotton which arc at present under large-scale commercial cultivation in this country. Brown (4) has named 95 commercial varieties of cotton which are being grown in other cotton growing countries. This appears to be an underestimate, as cotton varieties are very "local" in their adaptation. Besides the commercial varicties there are many more under different stages of experimentation at different cotton breeding stations. IVith such a large number of varieties under cultivation, the maintenance of the purity must be a difficult task. The cotton plant is liable to natural cross-fertilization in the field, and this is one of the major causes of "running out" oT varieties (Cook, 6). As the commercial value of a cotton variety depends, amongst other things, 011 its even running quality year after year, diverse steps have been taken in different countries to ensure purity of the varieties. Laws have been enacted in some countries (Balls & Hedevian, 1) to stabilize seed-supply for sowing and lor preventing mixing in the ginning factories. The same end is sought in the United States of America by developing what are commonly called one-variety-cotton-communities (Cook, 7, and Cook and Martin, S), and Gerdes (1 1) has mentioned that, during 1944, there were 569 such conimunities in 736 cotton growing counties producing 40% of the cotton crop of the United States. It must be conceded that the establishment of one-variety-cotton communities is good insurance against the "running out" of varieties. In this way the seed-supply €or the next crop can be secured from properly rogued fields (Tor discarding undesirable mutants and chance mixtures) from the center of the block. In this way whatever natural cross-fertilization has taken place along the border of the block, where two varieties are grown in contiguous areas, will be automatically eliminated. I t is, however, necessary to know the extent of natural crossing, the "safe" distance, and the agents


STEM education is argued as an essential ingredient in preparing our children for careers of the future. This paper describes a university festival that includes the promotion of STEM-related career interests in young people among its goals. A total of 203 participants between the age of 7 and 17 completed both pre-event and post-event surveys. In addition, 86 participants submitted self-reflections on what they enjoyed and learned from this experience. Results suggest the event increased participants interest in STEM-related careers. In addition, the event provided opportunities for participants to have personal dialogues with college students whom they regarded as role models, and helped them make the connection between subjects taught in school and careers they knew before, as well as new career paths.


Recently the results from a number of studies of the absorption and desorption of moisture by building materials have been published. Working independently, various groups have evolved their own theories and experimental methods. Afodelling water vapour conditions in buildings (1) was such a report which gave an account of the progress so far at BRE. This paper sets out the common basic theory, then reviews seven methods including those of BRE, EDF and CSTB of France and IEA Annex 14 of Belgium. What emerges is that all the work is at some interim stage and nobody offers definitive correct answers. The suitability of any particular theory depends on aligning it to the desired accuracy. Also, harmonisation of terminology and nomenclature, if it were possible, would be a tremendous advantage.


This study was carried out, to examine the effect of different air temperature (15 and 27 ± 3C) with three levels of soil moisture (07%, 80%and 07% of field capacity) on production of Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L) plants. The obtained results showed that, plant growth i.e., plant height (cm), branches number, fresh and dry weight of shoots were decreased with geranium plants acclimatized under conditions of low air temperature and high soil moisture. Physiological characters like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids contents indicated the effect of 27C temperature with soil moisture70% and increased in geranium plants than in those acclimatized under 15C temperature and different % of soil moisture. The extracted essential oils were analyzed using GC/MS. The major compounds in essential oils of geranium were geraniol (36%) and citronellol (18.%) at an air temperature 27 ± 3C and levels of soil moisture (07%) compared with geraniol (17%) and citronellol (8%) at an air temperature 15 ± 3C) at a soil moisture level of 07%.


The paper is a first general overview over phenomena that might be tentatively characterized as "written language intertwining". It deals with a number of examples from the world of written letters, in particular from older literate societies, cases that have not been systematically compared, analysed, and classified before.


Objective To explore the diagnosis value of MSCT multi-planar reconstruction( MPR) in lymph node( LN) metastasis with short diameter 8 mm of esophageal cancer. Method The MSCT MPR in 104 cases of esophageal cancer that were confirmed pathologically were characterized retrospectively. Result For LN metastasis with short diameter 8 mm,the sensitivity and specificity were 90. 8% and 36. 3% when positive predicts being"long diameter ≤ 11. 1 mm",and were 77. 6% and 80. 1% in terms of"LN with aspect ratio( short diameter / major diameter) ≥ 0. 65",then decreased to be 30. 3% and 73. 3% with"enhancement degree [LN CT value / muscle CT value( same planar) ]≥ 0. 95",and were only 7. 9% and 75. 5% based on"LN metastasis with obscure rim",respectively. Conclusion In the diagnosis of LN metastasis with short diameter 8 mm,"LN with aspect ratio ≥ 0.65"is considerable as secondary positive predicts,and the"long diameter"and"obscure rim"might help improve accuracy.


The invention discloses a single-plate single-action rectifying-stabilizing device for planing boats. A stepping motor shaft is connected with a drive shaft; an eccentric wheel is arranged in an oil-bearing drive slider and is fixed with the drive shaft; the oil-bearing drive slider is arranged in a rectangular hole of a top corner of a rectifying plate; a base plate is fixed outside a stern sealing plate; the rectifying plate is arranged between the base plate and a cover plate; a mandrel is supported below the rectifying plate; a plurality of anti-warp pins pass through an arc-shaped groove of the rectifying plate; and a plurality of oil-bearing sliders are respectively fixed on two sides of the rectifying plate, and a plurality of pairs of flat slide rails are correspondingly arranged on the base plate and the cover plate. The device drives the rectifying plate to rotate around the center of the mandrel arranged below the rectifying plate through the eccentric wheel and the oil-bearing drive slider, which ensures that the lower edge of the rectifying plate rotates out from the bottom edge of a planing boat and cuts into water, so as to change the water flow field under the planing boat as well as the hydrodynamic pressure center and then to reduce swing. The device only adds few components to a stern of the planing boat, which solves the problem that a boat body produces great swing when the planing boat slides and sails on water surface.


The three top abstracts at the 2020 virtual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium regarding hormone-receptor-positive early breast cancer, from our point of view, were the long-awaited results from PenelopeB and RxPONDER as well as the data from the ADAPT trial of the West German Study Group. PenelopeB failed to show any benefit by adjuvant palbociclib when added to standard endocrine therapy in patients without pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RxPONDER demonstrated that postmenopausal patients with early hormone receptor positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2–) breast cancer, 1–3 positive lymph nodes and an Oncotype DX Recurrence Score of less than 26 can safely be treated with endocrine therapy alone. In contrast, in premenopausal women with positive nodes, adjuvant chemotherapy plays still a role even in case of low genomic risk. Whether the benefit by chemotherapy is mainly an indirect endocrine effect and if ovarian function suppression would be similarly effective, is still a matter of debate. The HR+/HER2– part of the ADAPT umbrella trial investigated the role of a Ki-67 response to a short endocrine therapy before surgery in addition to Oncotype DX—performed on the pretreatment biopsy—to identify low-risk patients who can safely forgo adjuvant chemotherapy irrespective of menopausal status.


In the current century travel and tourism is the world"s highest growth sector. There has been an unprecedented growth in the world"s foreign tourist arrivals. A foreign tourist takes into account a number of factors while travelling to an international destination out of which safety & security factor exerts great influence on his choice for a destination. Foreign tourists" perception of Indian tourism"s safety & security issue is being compared with Singapore tourism on 10 short listed variables which are based on various articles of destination competitiveness, the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report (TTCR) issued by World Economic Forum, and also from various published media. Primary data through questionnaires containing 5 point scale and secondary data from web resources and books are used in the paper. The findings show that irrespective of nationality, age or sex the foreign tourists are of the same view that India is a less safe destination than Singapore. If Indian tourism industry follows the footsteps of Singapore tourism industry to enhance the foreign tourist"s safety then it can really boost Indian tourism which has an added advantage of natural & cultural heritage.


A search screen information processing system (10) includes a display device (14), an input device (12), and a computer (16), and displays imposition templates acquired in search screen information (100) based on a processing sequence of the computer (16). The search screen information processing system (10) displays, as search screen information (100), a search condition menu display area (102) in which search contents information corresponding to a plurality of search conditions can be entered, and imposition templates that agree with a plurality of entered pieces of search contents information. Further, the search screen information processing system (10) creates folders based on the search contents information, constructs layers according to an order in which the search conditions are entered, and displays a plurality of folders based on layers in the search condition menu display area (102).


The article analyzes democratic decentralization, which provides for the formation of local self-government councils of the appropriate level, which represent the interests of the inhabitants of a certain territory, and there are no subordination relations between the councils of different levels. It is analyzed that the first step of modern reforms in Ukraine was administrative-territorial reform and, accordingly, creation of united territorial communities. It is analyzed that among the main obstacles to the implementation of effective decentralization reform are low activity of citizens, their unwillingness to take responsibility and make decisions. It is the low activity of the communities that makes it possible to manage the decentralization process from above, by the regional leadership. The article is a study of socio-psychological factors of the activity of territorial communities in the conditions of decentralization. A number of problems were found which stimulated the increase of activity of territorial communities. The dynamics of increase in the number of OTs in 2015–2018 in all regions of Ukraine is analyzed. It is considered that financial decentralization has also become one of the main factors in increasing population activity. It is noted that a considerable part of the population of territorial communities are ready to participate in public events. Analyzed that the key advantage of the new status of communities in the context of decentralization is the significant increase in the financial resources they can dispose of. It is determined that the union of territorial communities in terms of administrative-territorial reform and decentralization of power has opened wide opportunities for the development of institutes of self- organization of the population and local self-government, change of the model of organized "from above" society, which is a mechanism of restraining the creative potential of the nation and blocking the self-realization of human life, to an organized "bottom" that eliminates the contradiction between the citizen and the state.


This paper provides a computational procedure for the robust partial pole-placement problem. The algorithm is based on a gradient flow formulation on a differentiable potential function which provides a minimizing solution for the Frobenius condition number of the closed-loop state matrix. The algorithm faces no singularity problem with the resulting eigenvector matrix. Convergence properties of the algorithm are discussed. A numerical example is employed to illustrate the technique and comparison to other existing methods is made.


An extraordinary spectrum of a meteor at a velocity of about 18.5-4-1.0 km s-' (approximate uncertainty) was observed from the Springhill Meteor Observatory with an image-orthicon camera al I970 August i0 d 2_ 48,_ 51" UT. The radiant of the meteor was at an altitude of about/_9 °. It was first seen showing a yellow-red continuous spectrum alone at a height of 1872=8 km (estimated uncertainty) which we ascribe to the first positive group of nitrogen bands. At 1.60 _ after its initial appearance the meteor had descended to 116 4-6 km above sea-level when it brightened rapidly from its previous threshold brighness into a uniform continuum. After a further 0.73" at a height of 106±6 km the D-157z of neutral sodium appeared and 0.I4" later (height 105+5 kin) all the other li_vs of the spectrum also appeared. The continuum remai_ed dominant to the end 0.40. later (height 87-4-5 km) or 3.87" after initial appearance. Water of hydration and entrained carbon flakes of characteristic dimension about 0.2 micron or less are proposed as constituents of the meteoroid to explain these phenomena.


Unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease can be found in 3–10% of patients undergoing coronary angiography and has an impact on prognosis (1). Surgical myocardial revascularization by means of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) has traditionally represented the standard therapeutic procedure for ULMCA disease (2) mainly because up to 80% of left main (LM) lesions involve the bifurcation and up to 80% of patients with ULMCA disease also have multivessel coronary artery disease.


One of the outstanding characteristics in contemporary China is society transformation,which brings great changes of social values and results in intense confliction.It is of vital important for society transformation and construction of our socialist market economy system to deeply understand the reason,modality of value confliction and adjust it reasonably.


The articles presents new experimental data on the heat capacity of hard magnetic materials of brands N35M, N35H, N35SH, as well as YX18, YX24 and YXG22, YXG30 with main components represented by the crystalline phases of Nd2Fe14B, SmCo5 and Sm2Co17 type, respectively. The temperature range from 190 to 800…1270 K has been investigated by the method of differential scanning calorimetry with an error of 2–3%. The approximation dependences of specific heat coefficient have been obtained. The character of changes of the heat capacity in the region of the Curie point has been specified, and its critical indices and critical amplitudes have been defined.


Like the title suggests, in the following pages an approximation to Bakunin's thought is presented. The author starts by pointing out that Bakunin's anti-theism represents an attack to he hierarchichal authority principle, which is originated in the metaphysical idealism, within which the fiction-divinity is a product of the fear of the unknown. For Bakunin, the author arguments, religion and state are both obstacles for the realization of Man, this is why Bakunin's idea of Law denies all artificial order, definying Law as the liberation of humanity's natural development potentialities.


Background: Understanding long-term sequelae of cleft treatment is paramount in the refinement of treatment algorithms to accomplish optimized immediate and long-term outcomes. In this study, we reviewed sphincter pharyngoplasties as a method of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) treatment in relationship to orthognathic surgery. Methods: Cleft lip/palate and cleft palate patients, 15 years of age and older, were reviewed for demographics, VPI surgery, revisions, and subsequent orthognathic surgery at 2 institutions. Chi-square test, Student's t test, and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: In 214 patients reviewed (mean age, 19.5 years), 61.7% were male, 18.2% had isolated cleft palate, 61.2% had unilateral cleft lip and palate, and 20.6% had bilateral cleft lip and palate. A total of 33.6% were diagnosed with VPI and received a sphincter pharyngoplasty (mean age, 11.9 years). When subsequent orthognathic surgery was examined, sphincter pharyngoplasty was not associated with maxillary advancement (P = 0.59) but did correlate with an increase in mandibular surgery from 2.8% to 11.1% (P = 0.02). The indications for mandibular surgery in the pharyngoplasty population were related to congenital micrognathia. When cephalometric analyses were evaluated, sphincter pharyngoplasty resulted in a decreased sella-to-nasion-to-B point angle (mean, 79.0–76.3 degrees, P = 0.02) and a higher incidence of normal to class II maxillomandibular relationships as defined by A point-to-nasion-to-B point angles >0.5 (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Sphincter pharyngoplasty decreases anterior mandibular growth and the discrepancy between maxillomandibular skeletal relationships because of the frequent predisposition of cleft patients to maxillary hypoplasia. In patients with congenital mandibular micrognathia, a small increase in mandibular surgeries may occur.


Rapid socio-economic development and urbanization have resulted in serious deterioration in air-quality in many world cities, including Beijing, China. This preliminary study is the first attempt to examine the effectiveness of air pollution control regulations implemented in Beijing during 2013 – 2017 through a data-driven regulatory intervention analysis. Our proposed machine-learning model utilizes proxy data including Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and meteorology; it can explain 80% of the PM2.5 variability. Our preliminary results show that air pollution control regulatory measures introduced in China and Beijing have reduced PM2.5 pollution in Beijing by 23% on average.


The article is analyzing the current situation of the European asset
management after the financial crisis 2007-09 and compares the difference to
the dot com bubble in 2000-03.
It compares European assets under management with the global situation as well
as European macroeconomic indicators including gross domestic product and
employment. The analysis is supported by the comparison of reactions of the
financial market and gross domestic product to dot com bubble and financial
crisis. Results of the analysis show that the industry has fully recovered from
the financial crisis with the European assets under management well above
pre-crisis peak. Equity funds are nowadays the most preferred type of mutual
fund in the Eurozone followed by bond funds. That points to increased and
renewed risk appetite of investors after the crisis. In the end is the article
supported by other important aspects of European asset management as changing
monetary policies of European Central Bank and Federal Reserve.


We consider the nature of quantum properties in non-relativistic quantum mechanics (QM) and relativistic quantum field theories, and examine the connection between formal quantization schemes and intuitive notions of wave-particle duality. Based on the map between classical Poisson brackets and their associated commutators, such schemes give rise to quantum states obeying canonical dispersion relations, obtained by substituting the de Broglie relations into the relevant (classical) energy-momentum relation. In canonical QM, this yields a dispersion relation involving ℏ but not c, whereas the canonical relativistic dispersion relation involves both. Extending this logic to the canonical quantization of the gravitational field gives rise to loop quantum gravity, and a map between classical variables containing G and c, and associated commutators involving ℏ. This naturally defines a "wave-gravity duality", suggesting that a quantum wave packet describing self-gravitating matter obeys a dispersion relation involving G, c and ℏ. We propose an Ansatz for this relation, which is valid in the semi-Newtonian regime of both QM and general relativity. In this limit, space and time are absolute, but imposing v max = c allows us to recover the standard expressions for the Compton wavelength λ C and the Schwarzschild radius r S within the same ontological framework. The new dispersion relation is based on "extended" de Broglie relations, which remain valid for slow-moving bodies of any mass m. These reduce to canonical form for m ≪ m P , yielding λ C from the standard uncertainty principle, whereas, for m ≫ m P , we obtain r S as the natural radius of a self-gravitating quantum object. Thus, the extended de Broglie theory naturally gives rise to a unified description of black holes and fundamental particles in the semi-Newtonian regime.


Quantum entropy function is a proposal for computing the entropy associated with the horizon of a black hole in the extremal limit, and is related via AdS/CFT correspondence to the dimension of the Hilbert space in a dual quantum mechanics. We show that in = 4 supersymmetric string theories, quantum entropy function formalism naturally explains the origin of the subtle differences between the microscopic degeneracies of quarter BPS dyons carrying different torsion, i.e. different arithmetical properties. These arise from additional saddle points in the path integral — whose existence depends on the arithmetical properties of the black hole charges — constructed as freely acting orbifolds of the original AdS2 × S2 near horizon geometry. During this analysis we demonstrate that the quantum entropy function is insensitive to the details of the infrared cutoff used in the computation, and the details of the boundary terms added to the action. We also discuss the role of the asymptotic symmetries of AdS2 in carrying out the path integral in the definition of quantum entropy function. Finally we show that even though quantum entropy function is expected to compute the absolute degeneracy in a given charge and angular momentum sector, it can also be used to compute the index. This can then be compared with the microscopic computation of the index.


Carbon-based sorbents have been proven to be cost-effective in removing pollutants from wastewater. Biochar from plant residue and agricultural waste is an emerging treatment technology. However, there is a limited number of studies on the effects of various biochar sources on metal adsorption. The aim of this study was using batch experiment to evaluate the adsorption of heavy metals in single- and multi-metal conditions onto pepper stem biochar. The maximum adsorption capacities (mg g−1) of metals by pepper stem biochar were in the order of Pb (131) ≫ Cr (76) > Cd (67) > Cu (48) > Zn (31) in the single-metal adsorption isotherm and Pb (91) ≫ Cu (39) > Cr (29) > Zn (20) > Cd (13) in the multi-metal adsorption isotherm. Lead was the most retained cation, whereas Cr and Cd could be easily exchanged and substituted by other metals (Pb or Cu). For pepper stem biochar, the Langmuir model provided a slightly better fit than the Freundlich model. Results from the batch experiments show that competitive adsorption among metals increases the mobility of these metals. Particularly, Cd adsorption capacity in multi-metal conditions was significantly reduced. Overall, the results suggested that competitive adsorption studies are necessary for obtaining an accurate estimation of the metal retention capacity of pepper stem biochar in natural environments.


Two cases of rare ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) and to review the literature on this subject was reviewed. The clinicopathologic features of these 2 tumor cases were studied through reviewing clinical data, follow up data, and microscopic examination of histological section with routine and immunohistochemical stainings. The patients had dysmenorrhea and abdominal mass. The two tumors were 29cm and 9cm in the maximun dimension respectively, and both composed of simple and complicated annular tubules. The tumor cells of both cases showed positive staining for α- inhibin. Metastases were found in pelvic(al) and inguinal lymph nodes of one case.There were 81 cases of SCTAT reported in Chinese literature. However, only one tumor reported in Chinese literalure was associated with Peutz-Jegher's syndrome. Therefore, the incidence of this association is much lower in China than that abroad. The proportion of malignant tumors without Peutz-Jegher's syndrome was closed to the abroad.In conclusion, about one fifth of the tumors unassociated with PJS have been clinically malignant, and α-inhibin is the first choice among the immunohistochemical markers for SCTAT.


In this last decade, our knowledge of evolutionary and structural properties of stars of different mass and chemical composition is significantly improved. This result has been achieved as a consequence of our improved capability in understanding and describing the physical behavior of stellar matter in the thermal regimes characteristic of the different stellar mass ranges and/or evolutionary stages. This notwithstanding, stellar models are still affected by significant and, usually, not negligible uncertainties. These drawbacks of stellar models have to be properly taken into account when comparing theory with observations in order to derive relevant information about the properties of both resolved and unresolved stellar populations. In this paper we review some of the most important uncertainties, still affecting low‐mass stellar models.


The invention relates to the field of operating systems, and discloses a system disk switching method and device for a linux operating system. A boot loader is programmed to a flash, two system disks with the linux operating system are manufactured, one system disk is optionally selected and set as a current system disk, and the other system disk is set as a standby system disk; after the system is powered on, the boot loader is started from the flash, the boot loader searches for the current system disk, if the current system disk is found, whether data of the current system disk are integral is detected, if the data are integral, the system is started from the current system disk, and otherwise the boot loader searches for the standby system disk; if the standby system disk is found, whether data of the standby system disk are integral is detected, if the data are integral, when the current system disk breaks down and other problems occur, the current system disk can be switched to the standby system disk, and the system can be started from the standby system disk.


22 Domestication processes and artificial selection are likely to leave signatures that can be detected at a 23 molecular level in farmed rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). These signatures of selection are 24 genomic regions that contain functional genetic variants that may confer higher fitness to their bearers. 25 We genotyped 749 rainbow trout from a commercial population using a rainbow trout Axiom 57K SNP 26 array panel and identified putative genomic regions under selection using the pcadap t, Composite 27 Likelihood Ratio ( CLR ) and Integrated Haplotype Score ( iHS ). After applying quality-control pipelines 28 and statistical analyses, we detected 12, 96 and 16 SNPs putatively under selection, associated with 96, 29 781 and 115 candidate genes, respectively. Several of these candidate genes were associated with growth, 30 early development, reproduction, behavior and immune system traits. In addition, some of the SNPs were 31 found in relevant biological regions (O4, O5 and O20) associated to autosomal inversions localized in 32 Omy05 and Omy020. These findings could represent a genome-wide map of selection signatures in 33 farmed rainbow trout and could be important in explaining domestication and selection for genetic traits 34 of commercial interest. 35


The three-report review was aimed at describing the historical development of clinical trials, controlled trials (CT) and randomized controlled trials (RCT), and the inclusion of these experimental approaches in disciplines related to both the health of individuals and populations (medicine and epidemiology). In Report 1, the authors consider the terminology issues applied to CT and RCT, the sources of the involved concepts, and relevant disciplines. It was shown that the terms 'control' and 'trial' appeared in experimental literature only at the end of the 19th century, 'CT' appeared in the first third or quarter of the 20th century, and the term 'RCT' appeared only in 2000s. It was found that approaches with CT and RCT were often included even in classical epidemiology, and this fact eliminates the specificity of differences between observational and experimental disciplines and blurred the difference between inductive and deductive methodologies. Scientific, philosophical, conceptual, and historical aspects were also considered for three areas that included CT and RCT: epidemiology, clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine (EBM). It was concluded that classical epidemiology, using predominantly inductive approaches, was not the scope of real medical experiments, in the first place, and, secondly, its prognosis was not aimed at the individual. At the same time, both clinical epidemiology and EBM, which mainly use deductive approaches, involve experiments, making it possible to make prognosis for a particular patient. The proposed summarizing scheme of the historical origins and philosophical foundations of disciplines aimed at finding and proving health effects using observational and experimental approaches reflects the problems considered and covers individual time milestones, which, as a rule, are not named in modern epidemiology textbooks and textbooks of other disciplines.


Diabetes mellitus constitutes one of the main national and global health problems, besides being a strong ingredient that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, the main national cause of mortality. Included among the therapeutic options for this disease is allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation, an alternative modality used in a speciic group of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Islet transplantation has produced an improvement in the quality of life, a decrease in hypoglycemia-unawareness related events, a decrease in daily insulin dose, and occasionally, the independence from the use of insulin. In this review we pretend to inform the recent trends in research on this subject, that have as objective to achieve longer survival of the graft and/or avoiding the use of post-transplant immunosuppression.


How do articles get written in ways that lead them to keep getting cited decades later—even when they are bad or mediocre articles that do not merit re-reading? The question may seem trivial, but answering it requires us to rethink research practice and methods: Instead of particular projects and studies, or the work of individual researchers (how one conducts interviews, writes, etc.), methodology becomes a problem of assembling textlines, hooking up with viable ones, connecting some, cutting others, enfolding or highlighting particular threads, redirecting others across disciplines, and eventually putting texts in the stream, sending them downline into an afterlife in other researchers' textwork. The present article, based on archival research, uses a detailed case study of the production and subsequent transformation and citation of an article on "teachers' beliefs" to develop these ideas and consider the methodological implications of attending to textlines and textual afterlives.