Objective:To investigate the effect and operative method of different incision and neoplasty to remove frontal-ethmoidal sinus tumor involved antero-skull base.Methods:29 cases who were diagnosed as frontal-ethmoidal sinus tumor involved antero-skull base were treated surgically with different operative incision and access of "S" and reverse "S" shape, fronto-flap skull-unclosing+Weber-Fergusson, and endoscope. Different neoplasty were performed according to the defect range of skull base, dura mater membranes and cerebrum tissue. The cranial bones defect was repaired with nasal septa membrane-cartilage flap, frontal bone flap and bone cement; the dura mater membranes was reconstructed with frontal bone periosteum flap, nasal septa membrane-cartilage flap and nosepiece membrane flap. The radiotherapy and chemiotherapy were given to the malignant tumor after surgery.Result:All tumors were totally removed and skull and face incision restored well. Cerebrospinal fluid fistila happened in 1 case and recovered after partial dealing. There was no recurrence for binign tumor and the 5-year actuarial survival rate was 54.55%(6/11).Conclusion:Different operative incision to remove tumor, appropriate tissue flap to reconstruct the antero-skull base combined with radiotherapy and chemiotherapy for malignant tumor can efficiently increase the survival rate and improve the life quality.


We first partly develop a mathematical notion of stable soundness intended to reflect the actual soundness property of human beings. Then we show that given an abstract query machine M the following cannot hold simultaneously: M is stably sound, M is computable, M can stably decide the truth of any arithmetic statement. This can be understood as an extension of the Gödel incompleteness theorem to stably sound setting. This is a non-trivial extension as stably sound Turing machine can decide the halting problem. In practice such an M could be meant to represent a weakly idealized human being so that the above gives an obstruction to computability of intelligence, and this gives a formal extension of a famous disjunction of Gödel.


This study is focused on the factors which would influence new media's utilization based on the university students' survey and literacy adjustment effect. Through this process, we would verify the composition of new media's utilization and the importance of literacy ability which are needed for the survey of university students and try to find the effect factors for career decision making. We surveyed about 150 students who were studying in University located in Incheon city and analyzed the data of qualified 120 students. SPSS 23.0 was used and frequency analysis was performed to analyze the general characteristics of the students. Reliability analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted to verify the contents of this study. The relationship, information and interest which were considered independent variables, were found to have a significant influence on the career decision making of the students. In addition, it was shown that the literacy adjustment effect also played a big role in career decision making of the students. Based on those findings, we discussed about the importance of contents in the utilization of new media, ways to improve the ability of literacy, the implications and limitations of this study. ■ keyword :∣New Media∣Literacy∣Career decision making∣Relationship∣Information∣Interest∣ * 본 논문은 한국콘텐츠학회 2019 춘계 종합학술대회 우수논문입니다. 접수일자 : 2019년 09월 24일 수정일자 : 2019년 10월 16일 심사완료일 : 2019년 10월 16일 교신저자 : 신연하, e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com 뉴미디어 활용이 진로의사결정에 미치는 영향 –리터러시 조절효과를 중심으로207


Objective To study the correlation between adiponectin and cardiac function,pro-brain natriuretic peptide(pro-BNP),high sensitive C reactive protein(hs-CRP) and other biochemical or biological markers,and prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF),especially those associated with diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods Two hundred and three CHF patients were enrolled in this study,patients were divided into diabetes group(93 patients) and non-diabetes group(110 patients).Sixty healthy subjects were served as normal control.The endpoint was defined as death from all causes and sudden death.All patients were followed for one year.Serum adiponectin,pro-BNP and hs-CRP were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum adiponectin level in heart failure group was significantly higher than that in normal control group(P0.01);serum adiponectin was lower in heart failure associated with diabetes group when compared with not associated with diabetes group(P0.05).Body mass index(BMI),cardiac function,chronic renal insufficiency,pro-BNP,triglyceride(TG) and high density lipoprotein(HDL) were independent influencing factors of serum adiponectin level.Adiponectin was an independent predictor of mortality for patients with CHF(P0.05).Conclusions Serum adiponectin level increased in patients with CHF,and correlated positively with severity of CHF;adiponectin level was decreased somewhat in those associated with diabetes.Adiponectin was an independent prognosis predictor of patients with CHF.


An incomplete sample digestion-flame AAS method for the determination of Mn and Zn in varnish was described in this paper. The sample was digested with a mixture of HNO_3-HClO_4(3+1) then dissolved with the emulsifier Tween-80 to form a homogeneous and transparent sample solution.The working curves were used for the determination.The selection of acid for digestion and of emulsifier,the chemical interferences,the interference of background absorption,and the matching of viscosity of standard solutions with the viscosity of sample solutions were thoroughly studied.RSD′s of the determined results were less than 3.9% and recovery was in range of 98.2%-102.9%.


Background: Owing to the improvement of modern intraocular lenses (IOLs) in terms of design and material, posterior capsule opacification (PCO) usually takes 2–3 years to develop. Thus, long term clinical evaluation of new implants is important. Methods: As part of a prospective, non-randomised FDA trial, the Rayner Centerflex, a foldable hydrophilic acrylic, single piece IOL was implanted in one eye of 83 patients (mean age 73.5 (SD 7.0) years). Over 3 years postoperatively, a standardised FDA protocol concerning IOL safety and efficacy was followed including evaluation of spherical equivalent (SE), best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), endothelial cell count (ECC), flare meter values, PCO development, and anterior capsule shrinkage. Results: Postoperatively, mean SE was stable ranging between −0.3D and 0.17D. After 1–2 months, all patients achieved a BCDVA of 20/40 or better. At 3–6 months postoperatively, mean ECC decreased from 2612 (SD 346) cells/mm2 to 2380 (316) cells/mm2. Mean PCO score for the entire optic increased from 0.20 (0.20) months (3–6 months postoperatively) to 0.87 (0.57) resulting in a Nd:YAG rate of 29.41% after 3 years. No anterior capsule shrinkage was found. Conclusion: The Centerflex showed excellent functional results, low values for endothelial cell loss and inflammatory signs, and no anterior capsule shrinkage. PCO formation was higher compared to other IOLs, which could be explained by the incomplete sharp edge at the optic-haptic junctions representing an "Achilles' heel" for cell ingrowth.


Smart mobile devices are spreading widely, however, content is adapted rather slowly to these "new" devices in the library world. There are, of course, progressive developments, but it can be said in general that even large libraries are just testing relevant applications. This attitude cannot be maintained for long, as many people are questioning the necessity of libraries in the future. It is important that our latent, potential and existing users should be aware that libraries do not constitute a dying branch of education, but an evolving area which wishes to meet the changing needs of users in the digital world as well. It is desirable that libraries start the application of mobile devices with making their website and catalogue accessible, and continue with optimizing their digital collection(s). The article analyses primarily mobile websites and catalogues in more detail, to encourage and inform those wishing to take first steps in this field.


Titanium Matrix Composites are very interesting for aerospace applications. These materials typically present higher Young Modulus and resistance than conventional titanium alloys. The ceramic reinforcement can be continuous or discontinuous (fibers or particles). Main advantages of discontinuously reinforced TMCs are the isotropic mechanical properties and the lower production costs.
This work presents the development of discontinuously reinforced TMCs with TiC as reinforced particles. The reinforcement was obtained by Combustion Synthesis and the final consolidation by Spark Plasma Sintering. Main advantage of this PM process is the short processing time.
Regarding the thermos-mechanical characterization, the material presents higher stiffness and resistance with higher thermal conductivity than conventional Ti-6Al-4V.
This work also presents the scale-up of the SPS process to obtain aerospace demonstrators. Machining and joining issues are also considered.


It introduces engineering geological characteristic and hydrological geological condition of Jiangkou coast in Wuyishan railway,expatiates coast types and causes,analyzes and evaluates coast stability,brings forward coast engineering renovation measures,and indicates that the coast reinforce and deal with it synthetically from using anti-slide stake,anti-slide blocking wall combining with cut-let upper and underground water,it acquired a good purpose.


Laura Miller A COMPARISON OF FULL-DAY AND HALF-DAY PRESCHOOL: ANALYZING BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2006/07 Dr. Roberta Dihoff and Dr. Frank Epifanio Masters of Arts in School Psychology The purpose of this study was to compare full-day and half-day preschool programs by analyzing behavioral and social development of three-year-old and four-year-old children. Data was collected from 31 participants enrolled in a preschool in Wilmington, Delaware that offered both full-day and half-day programs. Measures of social cooperation, social interaction, social independence, externalizing behavior, and internalizing behavior were obtained from the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior ScalesSecond Edition. Between-subjects analysis of variance tests revealed that the children in the half-day program displayed higher social skills. In addition, one half-day classroom displayed more problem behaviors. Implications for future research on comparing full-day and half-day preschool programs were also discussed.


From the Publisher:

Currently in version 3, Final Cut Pro is the only nonlinear editing tool available that supports the entire range of editing formats. Jerry Hoffman on Final Cut Pro is broken up into a collection of hands-on seminars that focus on teaching a specific aspect of Final Cut Pro. Dealing with both Final Cut Pro 3 and Final Cut Pro X, each seminar begins with a lesson that covers the concepts and techniques contained in that seminar. Hofmann then guides the reader step-by-step by applying those concepts and techniques to edit an award winning short film, The Midnight Sun. With this book, users will learn to convert footage from many different sources, manage their footage, edit the content, adjust sound, and output to different sources. If the reader chooses to work through the book cover-to-cover, they will put together an entire short film that includes basic editing, audio, compositing, and various effects. However, if the reader just wishes to learn a specific aspect of Final Cut Pro, they will be able to go right to the seminar that covers it, open the source files from the CD, and pick it right up.


We propose a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process with closed gas recycling for making low-cost, crystalline silicon thin films for solar cells, which connects chlorosilane synthesis from Si and HCI with Si thin-film growth by CVD from chlorosilanes. In this work we studied the formation of chlorosilanes by the reaction of Si with HCl at temperatures ranging from 623 to 723 K. The reaction rate is time dependent, and many pores are formed on the surface of particles after reaction. These pores are active sites for chemical reactions, and the reaction rates increase with increasing pore area. The rate can be correlated with the conversion ratio of Si, and the temporal evolution of the reaction rate can be explained by a reaction model called the shrinking-core model with growing pores. By using this model, we estimated the reaction rates per unit area of activated surfaces and converted them into a rate equation that can be used for the reactor design. The incubation time of the reaction can be shortened by pretreating the Si particles in a fluidized bed, which probably creates defects in the native oxide layers on the particles, which in turn become reactive sites.


In recent years the study of conflict has increasingly focused on the analysis of violence at the subnational level. Despite many advances, these efforts have been unable to address key questions within the literature, including inquires concerning the dynamic interactions between governments and challengers—the conflict–repression nexus. In this article, we present a new data project, the Northern Ireland Research Initiative or NIRI, and identify the ways in which this effort is particularly well suited to advance our understanding of the relationship between repression and dissent in Northern Ireland and beyond. NIRI is a disaggregated events-based dataset relying on new sources of conflict data that includes a broad range of actions (e.g. localized, short-term events and aggregate/larger-scale long-term activities) over the period of the Troubles in Northern Ireland (1968–1998).


In this manuscript, the notion of cyclic type contractions on E-metric spaces are introduced and subsequently established the fixed point and common fixed point results for this class of mappings in the setting of E-metric spaces. The presented results are extended from some well-known fixed point theorems in the literature.


Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the deadliest diseases in the world. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, the unbearable side effects of the available drugs and the frequent patient non-compliance in completing the therapy have increased the need for development of new effective agents to treat TB. Isoniazid (INH) is the most prescribed drug for active TB and prophylaxis, and requires activation by the enzyme KatG. The M. tuberculosis enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) has been shown to be the primary target for INH. Our group has published the rational design and synthesis of new isoniazidderived compounds with possible anti-TB activity (Oliveira, 2006). Importantly, it was shown that these compounds do not require activation by KatG to bind its molecular target, InhA (Oliveira, 2004). We have also demonstrated that these INH analogs are able to inhibit in vitro the activity of wild-type and INH-resistant M. tuberculosis InhA (Vasconcelos, 2008). In addiction, these compounds were active against cultures of M. tuberculosis H37Rv and two INH-resistant clinical isolates, showing a satisfactory efficacy in vitro (Basso, 2010). This work describes the pre-clinical evaluation of two pentacyano(isoniazid)ferrateII complexes, named IQG-607 and IQG-639, in a mouse model of TB.


I HAVE BEEN informed, especially by those who disagree with my opinions, that all social scientists should start their writing or speeches by telling what their biases are: whether as children they were happy or deprived; whether their daddies were authoritarian; whether they were breast or bottle fed, etc. One anthropologist even argued at a recent international convention that if an anthropologist was working in malaria country he should state what his temperature was when he made his observations. While I cannot report my temperature, I have no objection to telling you something of my life as a school boy in New York City.


This paper studies the impact of fast fading on the performance of coded convolutional spreading CDMA with cyclic prefix (CS-CDMA/CP) combined with iterative detection, which was originally proposed for multiuser interference-free (MUI-free) downlink transmission over a quasi-static multipath fading channel. We show that the CS-CDMA/CP system in conjunction with a single pilot, with zero-correlation-zone code from an M-sequence (M-ZCZ), and with iterative detection works also well for fast fading, and the impacts of Doppler spreads can be made negligible without bandwidth efficiency loss by the employment of excess channel spread configuration and iterative partial multiuser detection. We compare the proposed system and the standard W-CDMA system for downlink transmission by simulation and show that both systems enjoy time-diversity effects of fast fading and that, although the W-CDMA system performs better for a small number of users, the CS-CDMA/CP system performs much better for the number of users from moderate to as large as processing gain.


As part of the Universite de Montpellier Sud de France initiative, Agropolis International pools 24 multidisciplinary research units focused on these topics, including around 700 researchers and teacher researchers supervising 500 PhD candidates. They form four thematic units that represent pivotal points whose boundaries are flexible due to the complexity of the phenomena involved and global interdependence. Contents: Foreword: World agriculture a key challenge for societies. Territorial dynamics and changes in production systems. Subsectors, standards, markets and stakeholder strategies. Environment and natural resource management. Public goods, policies and international regulations. Methods and tools tailored to a diverse range of issues. Collective expertise to address social issues. Topics covered by the research teams. Montpellier Social Sciences and Humanities Research Institute. Training at Agropolis International. List of acronyms and abbreviations


Egg yolk powder was partly defatted using hexane, 95% ethanol, isopropanol, chloroform-methanol (2:1, v:v) hexane-isopropanol (77:23, w:w) and hexane-ethanol (77:23, w:w). Hexane-isopropanol was most efficient, extracting more than 50% of the lipid. Protein solubility and emulsifying activity of the extracted powder decreased after extraction. Hexane-isopropanol reduced emulsifying activity about 14% and protein solubility to 13.8% from 15.7%. Extraction with other solvents resulted in up to 41% loss of emulsifying activity; protein solubility decreased to as low as 3%. Ovalbumin in the water-soluble fraction of extracted egg yolk powder reduced its emulsifying effectiveness.


Cinching, or the sliding between layers of film within a reel, produces scratches and surface abrasions which increase the film noise level. Cinching is more apt to occur in rewinding than anywhere else in the normal usage of sound film. At the beginning of rewinding, when the supply reel is full and the take‐up reel is empty, a small amount of torque is needed for rotating the take‐up reel. Under this condition the film will be wound rather loosely. When the supply reel is nearly empty, relatively high film tension is required to produce a given torque on the supply reel. The torque to be applied to the take‐up reel will then be high, on account of both the high film tension and the large radius arm of the film spiral on the reel. This high torque is almost certain to cause cinching in the loosely wound bottom portion of the reel. The conditions to be satisfied if cinching is to be avoided are analyzed. A power‐driven rewind is described which meets these requirements. The film tension is controlled by t...


Objectives: Stroke is the fifth-leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in the United States. One of the primary goals of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association is to increase the number of acute stroke patients arriving at emergency departments (EDs) within 1-hour of symptom onset. Earlier treatment with thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke translates into improved patient outcomes. The objective of this abstract is to examine the association between the use of emergency medical services (EMS) and symptom onset-to-arrival time in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: A retrospective review of ischemic stroke patients (n = 8873) from 25 Michigan hospitals from January 2012-December 2014 using Get With the Guidelines databases was conducted. Symptom onset-to-ED arrival time and arrival mode were examined. Results: It was found that 17.4% of ischemic stroke patients arrived at the hospitals within 1-hour of symptom onset. EMS transported 69.1% of patients who arrived within 1-hour of symptom onset. During this 1-hour period African American patients (22%) were less likely to use EMS transportation as compared to White patients (72%). The majority of patients, 41.8%, arrived after 6-hours of symptom onset. EMS transported only 40% of patients who arrived after 6-hours of symptom onset. As before, during this 6-hour period African American patients (20%) were also less likely to use EMS transportation as compared to White patients (75%). Symptom onset-to-ED arrival time was shorter for those patients who used EMS. The median pre-hospital delay time was 2.6 hours for those who used EMS versus 6.2 hours for those who did not use EMS. Conclusions: The use of EMS is associated with a decreased pre-hospital delay, early treatment with thrombolysis and improved patient outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. Community interventions should focus on creating awareness especially in minority populations about stroke as a neurological emergency and encourage EMS use amongst stroke patients.


On the basis of structural data which are known for copper(I) and copper(II) complexes with thiourea the conditions for back donation be tween copper(II) and thiourea have been analyzed. The back donation is considered to occur in complexes where atoms of thiourea molecule and a copper(II) atom are coplanar. Unusually short Cu—S bond length found in the [Cu(salalgly)(tu)] com plex is probably caused by contribution of dative ;r-bond to the total bonding character.


According to practice of 1 800 t/d soybean direct extraction technology,the technology of soybean extraction was simply introduced,construction and process parameters of the key equipment was also explained,such as extractor、DTDC etc..Moreover,the assembling of assistant device was described,such as bump、compound electricity and automatic control etc..In terms of constitute,their investment is only 30%~40% that of imported same equipment.


It was in I929 that a most important advance in the diagnosis of renal affections was made, and speedily became established as a method of examinationi of great yalue-namely, excretion urography; that is, the process of obtaining photographs of the urinary tract by means of substances which, when injected into the blood stream, are selectively excreted by the kidneys, and, inasmuch as they are opaque to X-rays, can be recorded on a photographic film. The value of this method is at once obvious. It is useful, therefore, to consider briefly the technique employed, also the indications for its use, and some of the results that are obtained. Urology is to-day very fortunate in the accuracy of the various means available for diagnosis. The cystoscope, first developed into a serviceable instrument in I890, was the earliest and greatest advance. In I896 the first diagnosis of stone was made by X-rays. Radiology has made continuous progress since then, and there is no -reason to suppose that the limit of its usefulness is yet approached.


Silicon sensor technologies with reduced dead area at the sensor's perimeter are under development at a number of institutes. Several fabrication methods for sensors which are sensitive close to the physical edge of the device are under investigation utilising techniques such as active-edges, passivated edges and current-terminating rings. Such technologies offer the goal of a seamlessly tiled detection surface with minimum dead space between the individual modules. In order to quantify the performance of different geometries and different bulk and implant types, characterisation of several sensors fabricated using active-edge technology were performed at the B16 beam line of the Diamond Light Source. The sensors were fabricated by VTT and bump-bonded to Timepix ROICs. They were 100 and 200 μ m thick sensors, with the last pixel-to-edge distance of either 50 or 100 μ m. The sensors were fabricated as either n-on-n or n-on-p type devices. Using 15 keV monochromatic X-rays with a beam spot of 2.5 μ m, the performance at the outer edge and corners pixels of the sensors was evaluated at three bias voltages. The results indicate a significant change in the charge collection properties between the edge and 5th (up to 275 μ m) from edge pixel for the 200 μ m thick n-on-n sensor. The edge pixel performance of the 100 μ m thick n-on-p sensors is affected only for the last two pixels (up to 110 μ m) subject to biasing conditions. Imaging characteristics of all sensor types investigated are stable over time and the non-uniformities can be minimised by flat-field corrections. The results from the synchrotron tests combined with lab measurements are presented along with an explanation of the observed effects.


Design the basic structure of the column system of cylindrical instrument,include horizontal device with sensors and vertical movement device.Using Pro/E establish its simplified model,the model is imported into ADAMS for simulation analysis,to obtain the velocity and acceleration of horizontal movement device of X,Y,Z direction.The results show that the design is correct and reasonable.


The In-flight Lightning Strike Damage Assessment System ILDAS was a research project within the scope of Aeronautics Research of the 6 Framework Programme of the European Commission. The first objective of the ILDAS research project was to develop and validate a concept prototype of an ILDAS, capable of in-flight measurement of the parameters of lightning strikes. Such a system would give in due course better knowledge of these parameters that could be used to improve aircraft lighting protection. Based on the reconstructed attachment points and amplitudes of the in-flight lightning strike in real time, the second objective was to enable the development of tailored and efficient maintenance inspection procedures that must be applied after a recorded strike. In order to achieve these objectives, it was necessary to develop a measurement system concept prototype. ILDAS uses advanced sensor techniques that enables characterization of lightning strike parameters from the measured electric fields on, and the current flowing in the aircraft skin. For the purpose of measured data interpretation, the development and implementation of an innovative Inverse Method, based on a numerical simulation of the lightning current propagation, have been performed. Finally a database concept has been realised, enabling subsequent exploitation. The validation of the various types of sensors and the entire ILDAS Concept Prototype system has been done. The validation comprised simulated lightning tests on a bespoke rig fitted with the system in the UK and its installation and ground testing on an Airbus A320 in France. Characterisation of current flow patterns from simulated strikes to a helicopter has been done in Germany. After reviewing the project objectives, this paper describes the ILDAS concept prototype, including the different types of sensors. The key results of the rig test, A320 ground test and helicopter test campaigns are presented. The analysis of the data from the A320 tests using a specially developed EM tool kit is reviewed. After the ILDAS research project, a further industrialisation phase will be needed before it can actually fly on a test aircraft. In conclusion, the principle of an in-flight lightning strike measurement system has been successfully validated. All the subsystems performed in an acceptable way. It was possible to measure aircraft skin currents resulting from a simulated strike. The measurements were of a sufficient quality to enable the determination of the entry/exit scenarios as well as the reconstruction of the injected current, After


One of themost widely studied forms of cooperative behaviour is the phenomenon of cooperative breeding, where 'helpers' care for young that are not their own (Cockburn 1998; Pacheco et al. 2008). Cooperative systems are present in taxa as diverse as slime mould, eusocial insects and a broad-range of vertebrates, including mammals, fish, reptiles and birds (Queller and Strassmann 1998; Clutton-Brock 2002; Mehdiabadi et al. 2006). Fittingly, a large body of research has been devoted to understanding the causes and consequences of cooperative interactions (e.g. Cockburn 1998; Lehmann andKeller 2006), stemming back toDarwin himself who pondered if eusociality might be a fatal flaw in his theory of natural selection (Darwin 1859). Interest in this research question has not been lost over time; a recent article (Nowak et al. 2010) prompted a joint reply fromno less than137authors (Abbot et al. 2011)! These issues are relevant to Emu: Austral Ornithology as this region is ideally placed to contribute to the field, because of a disproportionately high prevalence of cooperative avifauna, particularly in South Africa and Australia (Cockburn 1998; Jetz and Rubenstein 2011). Famous Australian examples include the diverse mating systems of Maluridae fairy-wrens (Margraf and Cockburn 2013), distinctiveCorcoracidae societies built on longterm associations (Beck et al. 2008; Griesser et al. 2009), and the extraordinarily complex societies of Manorina honeyeaters (Dow and Whitmore 1990; Wright et al. 2010). In Africa, the Turdoides babblers have attracted considerable interest (Zahavi 1977; Ridley 2007) whereas Merops bee-eaters have long been a model system (Emlen and Wrege 1988). This extensive research effort has elucidated spectacular life histories, such as the identification of some of the world's least faithful birds (Double et al. 1997; Durrant and Hughes 2005) and feats of extraordinary cooperative behaviour, such as broods of two to four Noisy Miner (Manorina melanocephala) nestlings being fed by as many as 20 helpers (Poldmaa et al. 1995)! Despite this long history of research, few broad-scale factors that favour cooperative breeding have been uncovered, other than helpers tend to favour relatives. By contrast, there is comparatively little consensus on why cooperative breeding involving non-relatives has evolved (e.g. Clutton-Brock 2009). Although it is possible that there are no common drivers favouring cooperative breeding across taxa beyond kinship, I do not believe that present data allow us to definitively reach this conclusion. I therefore first investigate the evidence for any emerging consensus on cooperative breeding between non-relatives, before discussing suggestions as to how researchers might maximise the likelihood of uncovering, or at least refuting, non-kin based hypotheses for the evolution and maintenance of cooperative breeding.


and Q sensitivities. Using the low-pass SC filter for an example, method of reducingthe GB effect has been shown in detail.


Summary

The effect of thermal processing and the berry cultivar has been the subject of several studies, to serve as a basis for the least possible loss of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. In Brazil, there are numerous blackberry cultivars under cultivation, and in this context, the aim of this work was to study how the bioactive compound contents and antioxidant capacity of blackberry jelly were influenced by the cultivars (Guarani, Brazos, Comanche, Tupy, Cherokee, Caingangue and Choctaw). Analysis was made of 7 fresh blackberry cultivars and 7 blackberry jelly formulations. Analysis of antioxidant activity, total phenolics, total anthocyanins and ascorbic acid was performed. It was verified that the contribution of the heat sensitive antioxidants compounds is considerable in all blackberry cultivars, and the degradation of these compounds was significantly different between the different blackberry cultivars. The Brazos and Caingangue cultivars stand out as undergoing the lowest losses in processing, resulting in jellies richer in bioactive compounds and higher antioxidant capacity.


Poly(butylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate/diglycolate) random copolymers (P(BCEmBDGn)) of various compositions were synthesized and characterized from the molecular, thermal, structural, and mechanical point of view. Barrier properties to different gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) were also evaluated. All the polymers showed good thermal stability and appeared as semicrystalline materials at room temperature. The main effect of copolymerization was a lowering in the crystallinity and a decrease of Tm with respect to homopolymers. The dependence of Tm on composition for copolymers with high butylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate unit content was well described by Baur's equation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicated that two different crystalline phases are present, depending on composition: copolymers with high BCE unit content were characterized by PBCE crystal phase, whereas those rich in BDG counits crystallized in PBDG lattice. The samples displayed different surface hydrophilicity: the water conta...


Nature's laws in the domain where relativistic effects, gravitational effects and quantum effects are all comparatively strong are far from understood. This domain is called the Planck scale. Conceivably, a theory can be constructed where the quantum nature of phenomena at such scales can be attributed to something fundamentally simpler. However, arguments that quantum mechanics cannot be explained in terms of any classical theory using only classical logic seem to be based on sound mathematical considerations: there can't be physical laws that require "conspiracy". It may therefore be surprising that there are several explicit quantum systems where these considerations apparently do not apply. In the lecture we will show several such counterexamples. These are quantum models that do have a classical origin. The most curious of these models is superstring theory. This theory is often portrayed as to underly the quantum field theory of the subatomic particles, including the "Standard Model". So now the question is asked: how can this model feature "conspiracy", and how bad is that? Is there conspiracy in the vacuum fluctuations?


Presently there is a globally growing demand across all industries for small and portable electronic devices which feature Internet connectivity. This is largely due to their ease of use provided by robust interoperability and feasibility in almost any scenario. An example of such devices are the sensors used in a wireless sensor network (WSN) where prolonged battery life is a major challenge. This paper presents energy efficiency optimization techniques to reduce transmission power and further validate our findings through the use of single and double-slope modeling in MATLAB. In the simulations multiple aspects have been studied such as the connection quality, energy efficiency and optimal power with respect to distance and transmission power. The results have shown that the proposed optimization technique provides improvement to existing WSN technology (e.g. a 38.9% reduction in optimal power usage at the same pathloss distance).


As defined in chapter I of this guide for policymakers, strategic planning is the method by which an organization identifies relevant trends in its environment, analyzes their potential implications, and projects an integrated strategy to address these future events and their contingencies. This process differs from formalized planning, based on internal organizational goals and priorities and viewing external forces as obstacles or incentives to their achievement. Strategic planning's benefits for education, as for business, can be measured in terms of savings, improved public image, responsivenesss to social ilaeds, and effective performance of an important mission. Chapter II helps policymakers identify major trends concerning demographics, economics, technology and lifestyle, and politics and values. Implications for U.S. schooling are also analyzed. Chapter III illustrates a nine-step strategic planning process involving (1) a planning focus; (2) a trend statement; (3) a trend analysis; (4) a need for action statement; (5) a resource audit; (6) an action priority; (7) an organizational response; (8) a strategic plan; and (9) a restatement of mission. Chapter IV provides "starter" exercises on two topics: the computer revolution and the growth of language minorities. Chapter V concludes the paper by outlining planning elements in the policy arena, such as foresight, goal-setting, budgeting, management and evaluation, and leadership. (MLH) xXXXXxXXXXxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXxXxXXxxxxX m Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made x from the original document. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXxxXXxXXxXXXXXxXXXXXXXxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx , U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION RESOURCES This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization


Embodiments of the present invention relates to optical communication technology field, and particularly relates to a method for determining the optical input power of method and apparatus for determining the optical signal through the input optical power of the optical amplifier. The method of an embodiment of the present invention include: Embodiment of the present invention, after determining the optical amplification unit amplifying the target light signal time amplification unit amplifying the bias current value and the light receiving means sets the target optical signal amplified converted voltage value into an electrical signal output, according to first correspondence bias current value, voltage value and the input optical power of a predetermined value of the wavelength of the optical signal corresponding to a target, determining the input light power corresponding to the bias voltage value and the determined value is determined, i.e., after determining the optical amplifying the input optical power of the optical signal. Embodiment of the present invention may be determined through the program input optical power of the optical signal after the optical amplification.


Objective To analyze the correlation between PreS1Ag and anti -PreS1 and the rates of HBV DNA negative conversion and HBeAg/HBsAg negative conversion and seroconversion in patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB), and to investigate the predictive value of PreS1Ag/anti-PreS1 in the prognosis of AHB patients. Methods Fifteen AHB patients were enrolled. Their serum samples were collected at different time points, and dynamic changes of PreS1Ag, anti-PreS1, HBV DNA, HBeAg and HBsAg were tested. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation among the negative conversion time of PreS1Ag, HBV DNA, HBeAg and HBsAg. Results The mean time for HBV DNA, PreS1Ag, HBeAg and HBsAg negative was at 2.50±1.07, 3.00 ±2.61, 3.17 ±1.59 and 6.87 ±5.89 weeks post -treatment, respectively. The patients who had PreS1Ag seroconversion within 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms were classified as rapid -conversion group, and the others were classified as slow -conversion group. The negative conversion time of HBV DNA, HBeAg and HBsAg in rapid -conversion group was shorter than that in slow - conversion group, and the differences in the negative conversion time of HBeAg and HBsAg between the two groups were significant. The correlation analysis of the negative conversion time among PreS1Ag, HBV DNA, HBeAg, and HBsAg in the 15 AHB patients showed that the time of PreS1Ag loss was associated with the negative conversion time of HBV DNA and HBsAg (P0.05), and the negative conversion time of HBV DNA was associated with that of HBeAg (P0.05). Conclusions It is found that in AHB patients PreS1Ag and anti-PreS1 are the negative conversion and seroconvension markers appearing the earliest after HBV DNA clearance. Within the first 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms, early PreS1Ag clearance indicates early HBsAg negative conversion or seroconversion, suggesting virus removal and disease recovery. PreS1Ag clearance time is in linear correlation with HBsAg negative conversion time. Therefore, HBsAg negative conversion time can be roughly predicted by observing PreS1Ag clearance time, so as to provide an immunological indicator for the AHB patients who may develop chronicity and require antiviral treatment.


Remote Sensing is widely used in the field of geology for lithology mapping, mineral identification, and demarcation of regional structural features. In the present study, multifrequency (L and S-band) and multipolarization datasets of ASAR Level – 2 were used for the structural mapping in the Zawar region. The VH and RV polarization datasets were selected for the texture analysis, principal component analysis, and directional filtering for the extraction of the lineaments in the Zawar and Hati Magra regions. The extracted lineaments of Zawar show the major trend in E-W and WNW-ESE directions while WNW-ESE and ENE-WSW trends are observed in the northern and southern part of Hati Magra dolomite. The swing in the lineaments of Hati Magra dolomite may be attributed to the structural heterogeneity and subsequent faulting in the region.


In this technical note, G (V, E) denotes a directed graph where V = {1, ..., N} is the set of vertices and E is the set of directed edges, i.e., a subset of V × V. More precisely the edge (i, j) is incident on node i and node j and is assumed to be directed away from i and directed toward j. The graph G is said to be bidirected if (i, j) ∈ E implies (j, i) ∈ E . Given a directed graph G (V, E), a directed path in G consists of a sequence of vertices (i1, i2, . . . , ir) such that (ij , ij + 1) ∈ E for every j ∈ {1, . . . , r − 1}. The directed graph G is said to be strongly connected if for any pair of vertices (i, j) there exists a directed path connecting i to j. Given the directed graph G, the set of neighbors of node i, denoted by Ni, is given by Ni = {j ∈ V | (i, j) ∈ E}. Moreover, N i = Ni ∪ i. Given a directed graph G (V, E) with |E| = M let the incidence matrix A ∈ RM×N of G be defined as A = [aei], where aei = 1,−1, 0, if edge e is incident on node i and directed away from it, is incident on node i and directed toward it, or is not incident on node i, respectively. Given a vector v with v we denote its transpose. Moreover, we denote with Ad the adjacency matrix or laplacian matrix of the graph which is defined as Ad := ATA, which has the property that [Ad]ij 6= 0 if and only if (i, j) ∈ E . If we associate to each edge a weight different from one, then it is possible to define the weighted laplacian matrix as L = ATWA where W ∈ RM×M represents the diagonal matrix containing in its `-th element the weight associated to the `-th edge. Given a vector v with the symbols <(v) and =(v) we denote its real and imaginary parts, respectively. Finally, with the symbols E and P we denote, respectively, the expectation operator and the probability of an event.


This paper aims at shedding light on the relationship between the Lutheran Reformation and the modern concept of sovereignty. In particular, it suggests a threefold articulation (political, normative and geographical) of such a religious fracture and it highlights how it contributed to the process of birth of the Nation State


Objective To evaluate the value of bilateral double bottles for blood culture in clinical application.Methods A total of 693 blood samples obtained from the department of hematology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from April 2010 to April 2011 were detected by automated blood culture system.The true-positive rate and the pollution rate were analyzed with 3 blood culture model,i.e.,bilateral double bottles,unilateral double bottles and unilateral single bottle.Results In 308 samples of bilateral double bottles blood culture,bacterium grew in 44 samples.The number of significant positive samples was 37,and the true-positive rate was 12.0%(37/308),and the pollution rate was 2.3%(7/308).In 320 samples of unilateral double bottles blood culture,bacterium grew in 31 samples.The number of significant positive samples was 23,the true-positive rate was 7.2%(23/320),and the pollution rate was 2.5%(8/320).In 65 samples of unilateral single bottle blood culture,bacterium grew in 7 samples,in which 4 samples grew coagulase negative staphylococcus in single bottle,the true-positive rate was 4.6%(3/65),and the pollution rate was 6.2%(4/65).The true-positive rate of bilateral double bottles blood culture was higher than that of unilateral double bottles blood culture(χ2=4.051,P0.05),and it was also higher than that of unilateral single bottle blood culture,but there was no significant difference.No significant difference of the pollution rates was found among the three culture methods.Conclusion Bilateral double bottles blood culture method may increase the true-positive rate of blood culture and did not increase the pollution rate.The bilateral double bottles blood culture showed available value for clinical application.


The ribosome is a biomolecular machine essential for the survival of any organism due to its central role in protein synthesis. The characterization of its interactions with its many partners is a crucial element in better understanding the mechanisms of translation and inhibition in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Inhibition of translation is a strategy used by many ribosome-targeting antibiotics to fight bacterial infections. Understanding their mode of action has become a global priority in addressing the problem of bacterial resistance. In eukaryotes, another strategy is used by viruses to block and appropriate the host's translational machinery through non-coding RNA structures (IRES) capable of directly recruiting the ribosome. Although widely characterized, few thermodynamic and kinetic data are available for these two ribosome interaction systems. My project is intended to use innovative biophysical approaches in order to provide an original view of the interactions of the E. coli ribosome with macrolides, and of the S. cerevisiae ribosome with the intergenic IRES of the CrPV.


The FDA has approved Vowst (Seres Therapeutics/Nestle HealthScience), an oral capsule containing live fecal microbiota spores, for prevention of additional recurrences of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in adults. Vowst is the first orally administered microbiota-based treatment to be approved for this indication.


Simple Summary Lameness is a major welfare issue in dairy cows. Locomotion scoring (LS) is mostly used in identifying lame cows based on gait and postural changes. However, lameness shares some important associations with body condition, hock condition, leg hygiene and behavioral changes such as lying behavior. These measures are considered animal-based indicators in assessing welfare in dairy cows. This review discusses lameness as a welfare problem, the use of LS, and the relationship with the aforementioned welfare assessment protocols. Such information could be useful in depicting the impact on cow welfare as well as in reducing the occurrence of lameness in dairy herds. Abstract Dairy cow welfare is an important consideration for optimal production in the dairy industry. Lameness affects the welfare of dairy herds by limiting productivity. Whilst the application of LS systems helps in identifying lame cows, the technique meets with certain constraints, ranging from the detection of mild gait changes to on-farm practical applications. Recent studies have shown that certain animal-based measures considered in welfare assessment, such as body condition, hock condition and leg hygiene, are associated with lameness in dairy cows. Furthermore, behavioural changes inherent in lame cows, especially the comfort in resting and lying down, have been shown to be vital indicators of cow welfare. Highlighting the relationship between lameness and these welfare indicators could assist in better understanding their role, either as risk factors or as consequences of lameness. Nevertheless, since the conditions predisposing a cow to lameness are multifaceted, it is vital to cite the factors that could influence the on-farm practical application of such welfare indicators in lameness studies. This review begins with the welfare consequences of lameness by comparing normal and abnormal gait as well as the use of LS system in detecting lame cows. Animal-based measures related to cow welfare and links with changes in locomotion as employed in lameness research are discussed. Finally, alterations in lying behaviour are also presented as indicators of lameness with the corresponding welfare implication in lame cows.


16 patients who underwent Olerud and Karlström (1985) acetabular augmentation following recurrent dislocation of total hip replacement were reviewed 3 (1-6) years later. 14 had no further dislocation, and no signs of component loosening at the time of review.


Does oocyte vitrification for fertility preservation (FP) delay the initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer?

 The indication of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer should not be considered as an impediment to urgent oocyte vitrification for FP.

 FP is considered as one of the most important issues to address for young breast cancer patients. Cryopreservation of oocytes or embryos may be considered after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) or in vitro maturation (IVM). Pregnancies have been reported after reutilization of oocytes frozen following both procedures. Although oocyte competence is better after COH, this strategy requires on average 13 days to be achieved. In addition, the safety of ovarian stimulation before tumor removal is currently not formally established. In case of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the risk-benefit balance of COH is not well known.

 Retrospective cohort study including all breast cancer patients eligible for oocyte vitrification following COH or IVM before initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy between January 2016 and December 2020.

 Inclusion criteria were: female patients with confirmed non metastatic breast cancer, 18 to 40 years of age, with indication of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, who have had oocyte retrieval for FP after COH or IVM +/- cryopreservation of ovarian tissue. Various time-points related to cancer diagnosis, FP or chemotherapy were obtained from medical record review.

 A total of 198 patients with confirmed breast cancer who had oocyte retrieval following COH (n = 57) or IVM +/- cryopreservation of ovarian tissue (n = 141) for FP prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included. Although women in IVM group were significantly younger as compared to patients who underwent COH (31.7 ± 4.2 vs. 33.3 ± 4.0 years, p = 0.019), ovarian reserve parameters, BMI and cancer stage did not differ between the two groups. Overall, the average time from cancer diagnosis to chemotherapy start was similar between patients having undergone COH or IVM before oocyte vitrification (37.3 ± 13.8 vs. 36.9 ±13.5 days in COH and IVM groups respectively, p=0.857).

 The time from referral to FP consultation may have influenced the type of FP. In addition, the retrospective nature of the present analysis may constitute a limitation. Moreover, the efficiency and security of the different FP strategies used has not been analysed.

 Oocyte vitrification following COH or IVM was not associated with delayed breast cancer treatment in the neoadjuvant setting, so long as there was a prompt FP referral. Young patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be informed of these findings to avoid unnecessary anxiety due to concern for delays.

 Not applicable


Instruction caches are usually designed to fetch the whole block from memory in case of a miss. However, the fetched blocks might contain branch instructions which if taken, will render the rest of the block useless. A novel approach is introduced, namely the Precise Control, which fetches only the words of a cache block that are likely to be used. The performance of Precise Control is evaluated and it is shown that it has a positive influence on system performance. Precise Control reduces the words fetched from memory by up to 60%, thus reducing significantly the communication overhead between cache and main memory as well as the total execution time.


Finite element method (FEM) is used to simulate and investigate the surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices using aluminum for the transducers and 41° rotated Y-cut Lithium Niobate (Y+41 LiNbO3) for the substrate. For accuracy in the evaluation of modeling with a FEM, fundamental design parameters of a resonator, like surface velocity, electromechanical coupling coefficient and reflectivity is computed and compared to literature and experimental results. The effects of mass load of IDT, number of IDT and depth of substrate on the performance of SAW device are investigated. The results showed that the metallization ratio and electrode height have a significant effect on resonance frequency and SAW phase velocity.


1. CO2, Climate Change Mitigation and the Building Industry 2. Design Strategies and Adaptations for a Changing Climate 3. Environmental Site Planning 4. Urban Greenery and Biodiversity 5. Water and Flooding 6. The Internal Environment: Space, Warmth, Light and Air 7. The Building Fabric 8. Retrofit of Existing Housing Stock 9. Key Details 10. Energy Supply and Demand 11. Zero Carbon Buildings 12. Low and Zero Carbon Technologies and Renewables


One hundred and five years ago Duncan, a pathologist, discovered a septic thrombus within the cavernous sinus. Eighteen years later Vigla made the first clinical report of a case. Since then this fatal complication has been so much overlooked that fewer than three hundred cases have been recorded. The picture of this disease is so striking and its relation to adjacent foci is so constant that one wonders why it has gone undiagnosed. Two factors may help to explain the lack of recognition of this lesion: (1) the peculiar structure and the hidden position of the cavernous sinus, and (2) the prompt and fatal complicating meningitis. Nature seems to have been aware of her mistake when she constructed the cavernous sinus, because she hid it so carefully that not only was man late in finding it but he has never been able to attack it surgically with any success. ANATOMY


is paper introduces a design concept for planar mechanism arrays using an interesting property of mechanisms that I have termed mechanism harmony. Just as a theory of musical harmony allows for a large number of notes to be played without harsh-sounding interference, mechanism harmony allows mechanism links to be arrayed so that they move coherently and with a small degree of freedom. The concept of mechanism harmony is based on permuting the arrangement of the moving links. For a four-bar mechanism, this yields six (3!) different harmonic permutations of the link arrangement, and there are numerous ways that these six different mechanisms can be grouped together to tile the plane. This paper presents early findings on these groups, some prototypes showing arrays with harmonic motion, and discusses the possible significance of harmonic mechanisms for shape morphing mechanisms.


Abstract We examine the elliptic system given by $$\left\{ {\matrix{ {-\Delta u = \lambda f(v)} \hfill & {{\rm in }\,\,\Omega ,} \hfill \cr {-\Delta v = \gamma f(u)} \hfill & {{\rm in }\,\,\Omega ,} \hfill \cr {u = v = 0} \hfill & {{\rm on }\,\,\partial \Omega ,} \hfill \cr } } \right.$$ where λ, γ are positive parameters, Ω is a smooth bounded domain in ℝN and f is a C2 positive, nondecreasing and convex function in [0, ∞) such that f(t)/t → ∞ as t → ∞. Assuming $$0 < \tau _-: = \mathop {\lim \inf }\limits_{t\to \infty } \displaystyle{{f(t){f}^{\prime \prime}(t)} \over {{f}^{\prime}{(t)}^2}} \les \tau _ + : = \mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{t\to \infty } \displaystyle{{f(t){f}^{\prime \prime}(t)} \over {{f}^{\prime}{(t)}^2}} \les 2,$$ we show that the extremal solution (u*, v*) associated with the above system is smooth provided that N < (2α*(2 − τ+) + 2τ+)/(τ+)max{1, τ+}, where α* > 1 denotes the largest root of the second-order polynomial $$[P_{f}(\alpha,\tau_{-},\tau_{+}):=(2-\tau_{-})^{2} \alpha^{2}- 4(2-\tau_{+})\alpha+4(1-\tau_{+}).]$$ As a consequence, u*, v* ∈ L∞(Ω) for N < 5. Moreover, if τ− = τ+, then u*, v* ∈ L∞(Ω) for N < 10.


The field of genetic technologies is growing rapidly, with companies marketing dozens of competing methods, all with unique characteristics. This plethora of methods has led to confusion about which method to adopt, especially as initial outlay on genotyping equipment can be very large. In addition, it is hard to directly compare methods as prices and discounting schemes vary; yet companies quote a market accepted/expected average per genotyping or sequencing reaction. For genotyping, this is especially difficult as the actual portion of genotyping cost covered may be relatively small and cover only the scoring reaction itself, and not polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or post-PCR purification and sample handling steps. The aim of this special issue is to provide an overview of the field to allow the reader to draw some firmer conclusions. Many, but not all, technologies are discussed in the issue, ranging from new developments in bioinformatics, to nanotechnology and haplotype analysis. Many of the reviews in this issue are by commercial companies, and so should not be considered completely impartial appraisals. However, academics may also tend to favour a method they invented or developed themselves. Cheap and rapid single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping requires the development and manufacture of new technology, and thus the involvement of commercial companies is a necessity with investment driving forward discovery. Many psychiatric geneticists of sufficient antiquity will remember genotyping one of the earliest SNPs (DRD2 Taq A1), using Southern blotting in a time-consuming and lengthy process (Southern, 1979). Luckily, the discovery of both PCR and microsatellite repeat markers transformed the field (Litt and Luty, 1989; Weber and May, 1989). Microsatellite markers became abundant, cheap and simple to genotype, although they were usually restricted to linkage analysis because they were assumed: (1) to be rarely functional, (2) not often in coding sequences, and (3) not genetically stable enough for association studies. Thus, the notion that SNPs would always be better for candidate gene studies never declined and SNP genotyping continued, usually by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. This all changed again when the completion of the first draft of the Human Genome Project (Lander et al., 2001) led to an exponential increase in SNP discovery and genotyping technology development (Dawson et al., 2001). Although humans are very genetically homogeneous, about 1/1000 bases differ between any two haploid genomes, and between 1 in 50 and 1 in 150 bases differ over the entire human population (Sachidanandam et al., 2001). This means that there are between 3 million and 6 million SNPs. There is now a massive effort to systematically isolate new SNP markers, for example from GAI and the SNP consortium, and to deposit them in repositories such as HGVbase and dbSNP (http://hgvbase.cgr.ki.se; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP). Many of these detection methods are based on data mining, with experimental confirmation of SNPs lagging behind somewhat, and there are also differences in the level of curation between SNP repositories. Problems still exist; many putative SNPs are not in fact polymorphic or do not Mendelize because of pseudogenes and other duplications in the genome (Li et al., 2001), but it can be assumed that extensive and reliable


The ab initio linear muffin-tin-orbital formalism and the semiempirical method of the intermediate neglect of the differential overlap based on the Hartree-Fock formalism are combined for the study of the hole polarons ~a hole trapped nearby the cation vacancy! in a cubic phase of KNbO3 perovskite crystals. The 40-atom and 320-atom supercells were used, respectively. We predict the existence of both one-site and two-site ~molecular! polarons with close optical absorption energies ~0.9 eV and 0.95 eV!. The relevant experimental data are discussed. @S0163-1829~99!12725-5#


The extended contact hypothesis proposes that knowledge that an in-group member has a close relationship with an out-group member can lead to more positive intergroup attitudes. Proposed mechanisms are the in-group or out-group member serving as positive exemplars and the inclusion of the out-group member's group membership in the self. In Studies I and 2, respondents knowing an in-group member with an out-group friend had less negative attitudes toward that out-group, even controlling for disposition.il variables and direct out-group friendships. Study 3, with constructed intergroup-conflict situations (on the robbers cave model). found reduced negative out-group attitudes after participants learned of cross-group friendships. Study 4, a minimal group experiment, showed less negative out-group attitudes for participants observing an apparent in-group-out-group friendship. The intergroup contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954; Williams, 1947) proposes that under a given set of circumstances contact between members of different groups reduces existing negative intergroup attitudes. Some recent research (reviewed below) suggests that the effect may be most clearly associated with the specific contact of a friendship relationship. The extended contact hypothesis, which we introduce here, proposes that knowledge that an in-group member has a close relationship with an out-group member can lead to more positive intergroup attitudes. This article presents the rationale for the extended contact effect, including three mechanisms by which it may operate, and four methodologically diverse studies to demonstrate the phenomenon.


Because of the importance of estrogen in osteo- porosis, the effects of decreased estrogen production using sen- sitive measurements of bone mineral metabolism were studied in oophorectomized rats. Serum levels of ionized calcium, bone gla protein (BGP), vitamin D metabolites (25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), and estradiol were measured before and serially for 6 weeks after oophorectomy in the rat. In addition, static and dynamic indices of bone histomorphometry were determined after double tetracycline labeling. Fifty Spra- gue-Dawley female rats (~250 g) were studied. Twenty-five rats underwent oophorectomy (0), while the remaining rats were sham operated. Estrogen deficiency was noted in the O group within a week after surgery (estradiol, 2.45 ± 0.78 us. 27.9 ± 4.15 pg/ml; P < 0.05). Serum ionized calcium levels, 25-hydroxyvi- tamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and PTH levels did not differ between the two groups during the length of the study. Serum BGP levels were the same in both groups until the second week postoophorectomy, after which BGP remained signifi- cantly elevated in the 0 animals (121.7 ± 5.95 us. 76.7 ± 3.87; P < 0.001). Bone histomorphometry revealed increased osteoid volume (4.4 ± 0.9% us. 2.3 ± 0.7%), osteoblast surface (26.5 ± 2.4% vs. 3.2 ± 1.2%), tetracycline surface (18.9 ± 4.1% us. 6.8 ± 2.2%), as well as osteoclast surface (8.2 ± 1.4% us. 2.5 ± 2%) in all O animals compared with those in the sham-operated group. These data indicate that oophorectomy and decreased estrogen result in increased bone turnover with elevated BGP levels. The marked BGP elevation within 2 weeks postoophorectomy sug- gests that estrogen withdrawal results in rapid altered bone mineral metabolism. The lack of concomitant increase in circu- lating PTH levels suggests that other factors may be mediating the bone loss following surgical oophorectomy. (Endocrinology 122: 624-630,1988)


The stability of extended films is studied in this work for Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids, under non-isothermal conditions. Global heating and cooling can drastically impact the stability of the system. Two effects are identified as to help the stability: (i) Global heating, (ii) Elasticity introduced into the system through the non-dimensional Deborah number. Key-Words: Draw resonance, extended films, polymer instability, Non-Newtonian fluids, upper-convected Maxwell model.


Two field experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of different doses of thiamethoxam against okra sucking pests viz., Aphids, Aphis gossypii ; leaf hopper, Amrasca biguttela biguttela , and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and their predators in okra agroecosystem. Thiamethoxam 25% WG 25 g a.i./ha (84.71-91.73, 94.12 - 98.11% reduction over control) was highly effective against aphid, whitefly and leaf hoppers which was on par with 50 g a.i./ ha (64.28 - 76.90, 83.70 – 87.92% reduction over control) and 75 g a.i./ ha (73.48 - 81.26 and 85.26-92.42% reduction over control) after first and second spray, respectively. This was further followed by standard check thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 25 g a.i./ha (Willoxam®). The plots treated with Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 25, 50 and 75 g a.i. /ha recorded the maximum population of Coccinella spp recorded (4.22-5.10 and 4.33-6.21 nos.) after first and second spray. Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 75 g a.i./ha treated plot recorded the maximum yield (8100 kg/ha -1 ) followed by thiamethoxam 25%WG @ 25 and 50 g a.i./ha (7345 and 7690.5 kg/ha -1 ). Natural enemies; Phytotoxicity.


In the previous issue of this journal Hellström & Vitols (2004) reviewed and compared the properties of the proton pump inhibitors. They and Schaffalitzky de Muchadell (2004) agreed that the proton pump inhibitors are comparable with respect to inhibition of gastric acid secretion. The choice of proton pump inhibitors will primarily depend on the price of the recommended dose. Two years after the first proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole was registered, we demonstrated that this drug is metabolized by the polymorphic cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2C19 (Andersson et al. 1990). The other proton pump inhibitors have subsequently been shown also to be metabolized by CYP2C19. In a MiniReview in this journal, Klotz et al. (2004) now discuss the importance of this polymorphic enzyme for the dosing of the 5 proton pump inhibitors prescribed today. They nicely review the pharmacodynamic effects of the proton pump inhibitors in the 3 genotypes of CYP2C19. In several studies, especially from Japan (Furuta et al. 2002 and other references in the review by Klotz et al., 2004), a higher cure rate in patients with zero (poor metabolizers) or one (heterozygous extensive metabolizers) compared to extensive metabolizers with two functional CYP2C19 genes. The latter genotype group needs a higher dose of the proton pump inhibitor to compensate for their more rapid drug metabolism. I also agree with Klotz et al (2004) claiming ''initial genotyping for this enzyme and higher dosage in extensive metabolizers is likely to improve the clinical efficacy of proton pump inhibitors''. Initially the proton pump inhibitors were used for short periods in time, a few weeks, but today they are used for long-term treatment especially to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. We found in 72 patients treated for more than one year with 20 mg omeprazole per day, that heterozygous extensive metabolizers had 3 times higher serum gastrin than extensive metabolizers with two functional CYP2C19 alleles (PΩ 0.0001) (Sagar et al. 2000). Also concentrations of pepsinogen I and chromogranin A were significantly different in the two genotypic groups. In another long-term omeprazole study, we demonstrated that serum vitamin B12 levels decreased in heterozygous extensive metabolizers, but not in extensive metabolizers with two functional CYP2C19 genes (Sagar et al. 1999). These results further strengthen the utility of determination of the CYP2C19 genotype before treatment (especially long-term) with proton pump inhibitors to adjust the dose for the individual patient. This will aid to maintain a sufficient acid inhibition with a good response and to minimize the risk to develop enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia and atrophic gastritis.


We propose a method for valuing new, recoverable, and recovered assemblies (products, components, parts, etc.) in production systems with reverse logistics. Values of assemblies influence their opportunity holding cost rates and are hence essential for comparing inventory strategies in average cost models. We argue that the proposed method is 'correct' from a discounted cash flow (DCF) point of view. We refer to some previous results on valuing assemblies in systems without disassembly of returned products that seem to confirm this. Furthermore, we test the method for a specific example with disassembly of returned products. The simulation results indicate that the method indeed leads to (nearly) DCF optimal inventory strategies.


This article analyzes falling points,effects and tactics for different falling points in 29 high level football matches and finds out that the major means of scoring is outflanking shooting from the central point. Front and back points are the major areas for coordinate shooting.


"The Acting Secretary of State announced today that Ambassador Pauley, personal representative of the President on reparations matters, will leave at the end of this week for the Far East at the request of the President and the Secretary of State. "Acting Secretary Acheson emphasized that it is the American objective to support and to promote the unity and the economic development of China and Korea, and at the same time to assure that they will be economically independent of Japan. Acheson stated that China must be enabled to utilize to the full the natural resources and industries of Manchuria and that Korea must be in a position to develop its own resources and industries if a long range plan for the peaceful economy of East Asia is to be worked out."


In a previous communication, the author (1955) discussed the use of zirconium compounds for contrast radiography. These compounds proved to be unsatisfactory in man because of the relatively low atomic number of zirconium, i. e. 40. In an effort to obviate this difficulty, cesium was substituted for zirconium. The purpose of this paper is to report our experience with cesium chloride as a radiopaque contrast medium. In 1860, BUNSEN and KIRCHHOFF, using the recently invented spectroscope, observed two new sky-blue spectral lines in a sample of mineral water from Diirkheim. They, therefore, suggested the name cesium (L. coesium, sky-blue) for the new element. Cesium is element number 55 with an atomic weight of 133 and a valence of 1. The element itself belongs to the alkali series of metals and hence chemically resembles rhubidium and potassium. Silver-white or golden-yellow in color, it is the most electropositive as well as the softest of all metals. Cesium is not found naturally in the metallic state but commonly occurs as a salt or oxide. Its principal mineral sources are lepidolite, rhodozite and pollucite (a hydrated silicate of aluminium and cesium). Cesium is used industrially in photoelectric cells, as a 'getter' in radio tubes and as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of various organic compounds (LEGAL 1946). Although cesium. is normally present in various plants and animals, it is toxic to many biochemical systems. Thus SEIFRITZ (1949) reported


We demonstrate the performance of a novel multi-carrier MIMO fiber sensing interrogator based on OFDM approach. Over an installed telecom fiber cable, coherent fading is mitigated by means of a purely digital subcarrier combiner. © 2020 The Author(s)


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease that progresses over time, heavily burdening patients, families, and aging societies worldwide. Memantine and donepezil are frequently used in its treatment, both as monotherapy and in combination. This multiple treatment comparison meta‐analysis assessed the efficacy of these regimens and placebo in the management of AD.


The aim of this article is to analyze changes in the ethnic structure in the Baltics. The publication of the results of the 1989 Census data allows one to analyze the dynamics of ethnic structure in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania since the 1920s. The restoration of the de jure independence of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia allows one to describe accurately the factual ethno-demographic situation, because it has made available information which could not be published openly in the former USSR. Nevertheless, a major problem is posed by territorial alterations, especially in Lithuania.


This is the second annual report of the project to furnish to the NRC documentation of background data and methodologies as used by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Committee 2 on Secondary Limits. ICRP Publication 30 provides secondary radiation protection guidance on the intake limits of radionuclides for occupational exposure. Thus, detailed understanding of the principles behind ICRP Publication 30 is of considerable importance to the NRC since the permissible concentration values contained in Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 20 (10 CFR 20) are based primarily on values from ICRP Publication 2. 14 refs., 8 tabs.


With the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, it is now feasible to generate iPSCs with a defined genotype or disease state. When coupled with direct differentiation of defined lineage, such as hepatic endoderm (HE). iPSC would revolutionise the way we study human liver biology and generate efficient "off the shelf" models of human liver disease. Here we show the `proof of concept' that iPSC lines representing both male and female sexes and two ethnic origins can be differentiated to HE at efficiencies of between 70–90%, using a method mimicking a physiological condition. iPSC-derived HE exhibited hepatic morphology, and expressed the hepatic markers, Albumin and E-Cadherin as assessed by immuno-histochemistry. They also expressed alpha fetal protein (AFP), HNF4a, and a metabolic marker, Cyp7A1, demonstrating a definitive endodermal lineage differentiation. Furthermore, iPSC-derived hepatocytes produced and secreted the plasma proteins, fibrinogen, fibronectin, transthyretin (TTR) and AFP, an essential feature for functional HE. Additionally iPSC-derived HE supported both CYP1A2 and 3A4 metabolism, which is essential for drug and toxicology testing. Conclusion—This work is first to demonstrate the efficient generation of hepatic endodermal lineage from human iPSC that exhibits key attributes of hepatocytes, and the potential application of iPSC-derived HE in studying human liver biology. In particular, iPSC from individuals representing highly polymorphic variants in metabolic genes and different ethnic groups will provide pharmaceutical development and toxicology studies a unique opportunity to revolutionise predictive drug toxicology assays and allow the creation of in vitro hepatic disease models. INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT Human iPSCs are reprogrammed mature somatic fibroblasts which represent a pluripotent cell population able to generate all primary cell types in vitro [1–3]. The ability to derive iPSCs from an indefinite range of genotypes makes them an attractive resource on which to model liver function reflecting the complexity of polygenic influences on metabolism in vitro. Another facet of iPSC technology is the ability to study the impact of gene polymorphisms in a native chromatin setting and model with precision, gene interactions. *Corresponding authors: Gareth J. Sullivan email@example.com. Telephone: +44 (0) 131 242 6521, Fax: +44 (0) 131 242 6629. David C. Hay, email@example.com. In-Hyun Park firstname.lastname@example.com.. NIH Public Access


To the Editor:

Recently, roflumilast has been added as a therapeutic option for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Roflumilast is a selective phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor [1]. The main concern of the large-scale studies performed was that they did not assess the effect of roflumilast in addition to a combination product such as long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) or long-acting muscarinic agents (LAMA) combined with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) [2]. A novel technology called functional respiratory imaging (FRI) defines, in great detail, lung geometry and regional changes in airway volume and resistance [3–5]. By assessing changes close to the site of action of the intervention, the method is more sensitive (higher effect size) compared with standard pulmonary function tests (PFT) [3]. This implies that the mode of action of an intervention can be assessed in a small number of patients, while maintaining sufficient power to have statistically significant results [3, 4]. We performed a study aimed at investigating the mode of action of roflumilast in COPD patients on top of triple therapy (LABA/LAMA/ICS), using PFT, exercise tolerance tests, patient-reported outcomes (PRO) and FRI. The hypothesis was that roflumilast provides a large benefit to a subset of COPD patients and that FRI can assist in phenotyping these responders. Ideally, a PFT parameter could be defined that could identify the responding phenotype.

A …


The present invention provides a content distribution system corresponding to the portable terminal player. Constituting the content distribution system 40 includes: a content supply device 30, having the content server 1 and the user information database 5, according to the SDMI check in, check the rules distributed via a communication network 6; and the user portable terminal 20 player, having Cz content downloaded to the recording medium 11 is reproduced and the recording medium playback function M can be reproduced according to the check function returns the content provider device 30.


This paper highlights that EGARCH(1,1)-M models based on Generalized Error Distribution (GED) , student-t distribution and normal distribution are applied to calculate VaR of day logarithm return series of Shanghai-Shenzhen 300 index, and are compared with GARCH(1,1) model based on normal distribution. The empirical research through statistical analysis and back-testing has shown that EGARCH(1,1)-M model based on GED distribution was superior to the other three on describing in the market risk of China Stock Market. Based on the analysis results this study comes to the conclusions and some suggestions for the further research.


1. The Group Concept 2. Subgroups 3. Normal Subgroups 4. Permutation Groups 5. Group Actions 6. Finite Rotation Groups 7. Sylow's Theorems 8. Finitely Generated Abelian Groups 9. Free Groups and Presentations 10. Series of Subgroups 11. Appendix - Proofs by Induction


Empirically, the link between classmate ability and individual-level student achievement has been established. And yet, within the scope of this body of literature, there is a dearth of studies examining if a relationship also persists between classmate ability and non-achievement outcomes – that is, social skills. This article fills this research gap. By utilizing a nationally representative longitudinal dataset from the US (i.e., ECLS-K), the effect of the percentage of classmates performing below grade level is assessed on 5 commonly accepted social skills scales. The findings indicate that kindergarten and 1st-grade students in classrooms with a higher percentage of below-grade-level classmates have greater instances of negative social skills and fewer instances of positive social skills. The results are robust across multiple methodological approaches and tests of validity. Implications for policy and practice are addressed.


Labour scarcity, harvesting loss, timely harvesting and harvesting cost are crucial in rice and wheat harvesting in Bangladesh. Combine harvester is a newly introduced harvesting machine in Bangladesh. This study was undertaken to evaluate the technical and economic performance of combine harvester available in farmers" field and farmer"s perception regarding the use of combine. Field tests of two new (CLASS andDaedong) and two refresh (Kukje and Anower) combine harvesters were conducted for harvesting rice and wheat in the farners" field of Jessore, Pabna,Dinajpurand Thakurgaon districts during 2011-12. Primary data were collected from 30 adopter and 30 non-adopter farmers from each district of Bogra, Rangpur, Dinajpur and Thakurgaon through direct interviewingduring 2012-13. Information was also collected from different combine harvester traders available in Bangladesh. Average time, cost and grain saving by combine harvester over manual methods were 97.50, 35.00 and 2.75%, respectively. Benefit cost ratio of CLASS, Daedong, Kukje and Anower combine harvesters were found to be 2.68, 2.11, 2.29 and 2.70, respectively. The payback periods of refresh combine harvesters were lower than the new combine harvester. There were some mechanical problems observed in refresh combine harvesters during field operations. New harvester was observed almost trouble free and popular to the famers. Scarcity of spare parts and mechanic service were the main problems for repair and maintenance of the combine harvesters in farm level. Considering the technical performance of combine harvester and demand of the farmers, new combine harvester may be introduced in commercial basis in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(2): 291-304 June 2015


Influence of Kolmogorov and non-Kolmogorov turbulence statistics on imaging system performance in terms of modulation transfer function (MTF) is analyzed for different propagation scenarios.


The efficiency of thin mineral passive fire protection layer applied on concrete is analyzed. The more suitable fireproofing material formulations are selected from results of laboratory scale fire test. Such tests consist in the direct exposure of protected concrete samples to the flame of a burner, at constant temperature (850°C). Various formulations of mineral fireproofing materials have been tested to identify the effects of binder type and the density. Formulation compromises are highlighted regarding requested fire performances. Selected formulations are used to protect real scale concrete slab exposed to standard fire (ISO 834). During the test, the concrete/fire protection layer interface temperature and the steel reinforcement temperature have been recorded. For small size slabs, fire proofing layer is completely efficient. The temperature increases are strongly delayed. For large size slabs, delamination of fire proofing layer appears, leading to rapid concrete degradation. To understand the mechanics of cracking and delamination of fire protection layer, laboratory scale tests are performed with two selected formulations varying the implementation methods (surface treatment of concrete, intervention on interface roughness, pre-cracking...). It appears that the occurrence of fire protection layer delamination can be avoided choosing the optimal implementation method without adjustment of the optimized formulations.


To study the in vitro inhibition effect of Banhuang oral liquid on Mycoplasma bovis for guiding clinical rational drug use,the minimum inhibitory concentrations( MIC) was measured using the double tube dilution method. The results showed that the pure Chinese herbal preparation had the inhibition effect against Mycoplasma bovis,and the MIC of banhuang oral liquid against Mycoplasma bovis was 500 mg /mL. The results indicate that Chinese herbal Banhuang oral liquid has good inhibition effect against Mycoplasma bovis.


1. Introduction: women's studies and women's issues in Russia, Ukraine and the postSoviet states Rosalind Marsh Part I. Women in History: From the Seventeenth to the Twentieth-Century: 2. Peter the Great's two weddings: changing images of women in a transitional age Lindsey Hughes 3. Women in a warrior society: Don Cossack women 1860-1914 Shane O'Rourke 4. Teacups and coffins: the culture of Russian merchant women, 1850-1917 Catriona Kelly 5. Vera Figner and revolutionary autobiographies: the influence of gender on genre Hilde Hoogenboom 6. Equality and difference in women's history: where does Russia fit in? Linda Edmondson Part II. Women in the USSR and Post-Soviet Russia: Sexuality, Identity, Health and Reproduction: 7. Managing the female organism: doctors and the medicalization of women's paid work in Soviet Russia during the 1920s Janet Hyer 8. Innocence and sexuality in Soviet medical discourse Susan Gross Solomon 9. Abortion and women's health in Russia and the former Soviet Union Christopher Williams 10. The status of gays and lesbians in Russian-Soviet-Russian society James Riordan 11. Young women and subcultural lifestyles: a case of 'irrational needs'? Hilary Pilkington 12. 'Fullfrontal': perestroika and sexual politics Elena Stishova Part III. Women and Work: 13. Why be a shock worker or a Stakhanovite? Mary Buckley 14. Industrial working conditions and the political economy of female labour Donald Filtzer 15. 'Generals without armies, commanders without troops': Gorbachev's 'protection' of female workers Melanie Ilic 16. The return of the family farm: a future for women? Sue Bridger 17. The post-Soviet woman in the move to the market: a return to domesticity and dependence Lynne Attwood Part IV. Feminism and Politics in Russia and Ukraine: 18. The 'woman question' and problems of maternity in post-communist Russia Elena Sargent 19. The Russian women's movement Rosalind March and Anastasiia Posadskaia 20. Feminism and post-communist Ukrainian society Solomea Pavlychko 21. Christian virgin or pagan goddess: feminism versus the eternally feminine in Ukraine Marian J. Rubchak.


p27 is a cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that binds cyclin-CDKs to arrest cell cycle. p27 undergoes PI3K/AKT-mediated C-terminal phosphorylation that alters its protein-protein interactions and function. Our prior work showed C-terminally phosphorylated p27 (p27pT157pT198) promotes its association with cJun. Genomic profiling showed p27 is co-recruited with cJun to over half of cJun chromatin binding sites to either activate or repress target genes. p27/cJun activated gene targets include TGFB2, and are associated with EMT, and programs that upregulate stem cells and alter cell adhesion and migration. Here, we pursued the hypothesis that cyclic changes in C-terminally phosphorylated p27 abundance govern p27-regulated transcriptional activity across the cell cycle, switching p27 from a corepressor of target genes in G0, to a transactivator upon PI3K/AKT activation in mid-G1. In synchronized NIH3T3 cells, we made the novel observation that p27pT197 phosphorylation is periodic, peaking in mid G1 after peak in Akt activation. Furthermore, phospho-activated cJunpS63, and phosphorylated STAT3 (STAT3pY705) levels are periodic across the cell cycle with maximal presence in mid-G1. cJun is minimally expressed in quiescence, and is strongly upregulated in early G1. While total cJun expression level remains constant at all time points after exiting G0, cJunpS63 rises sharply in G1 and then declines with cell cycle progression. Similarly, while STAT3 levels rise modestly on G0 exit, phosphorylated STAT3pY705 levels show a similar pattern to that of cJun pS63, minimal in quiescence, then increasing in mid G1. Moreover, both STATpY705 and cJunpS63 co-precipitation with total p27 and p27pT197 peak in early G1. Since complex formation is period, the action of p27/cJun/STAT3 on transcriptional regulation might also be periodic. Myc is upregulated early in G1 and is essential for G1 progression. ChIP-PCR indicate recruitment of p27 and H3K27 acetylation at MYC increased after exit from quiescence. RNA-seq of NIH3T3 cells across the cell cycle showed significant change of total transcript profiles very early after G0 exit and are distinct at each time point reflecting different phases of cell cycle. Genes governing ribosome biogenesis and protein synthetic machinery are rapidly upregulated in early G1. DNA replication/repair genes are rapidly downregulated in early G1 but rise with S/G2-M. Ongoing work investigates global target gene selection by p27/STAT3/cJun and their expression across the cell cycle, and will be presented. The potential role of p27-regulated gene expression in the coordinated progression of cells across the cell cycle has not been explored to date and might prove to be critical in cell cycle progression.
 Citation Format: Amir Bagheri, Seyedeh Fatemeh Razavipour, Madison Sharp, Joyce Slingerland. C-terminal phosphorylation of p27 promotes cell cycle dependent changes through transcriptional coregulation of cJun and STAT3 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1429.


We establish the global smoothness preservation of a function f by the sequence of linear positive operators. Our estimate is in terms of the second order Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness. Application is given to the Bernstein operator.


In order to solve the problems which often occurred in the data collection procedure from upper unit in industrial control system,the paper puts forward a data processing method based on serial communication ports after analyzing the data collection procedure of a machine station detecting system.The new method enhances the fault tolerance and reliability of the data collection system and it is applied in the new system.


This commentary addresses four issues: (a) What ispolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)? (b) Is it particu-larly common among women with epilepsy? (c) Is PCOSattributable to epilepsy, valproate (VPA) use, both, orneither? And (d) Is there any practical significance to thisissue?WHAT IS POLYCYSTICOVARIAN SYNDROME?Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is hyperandro-genic chronic anovulation, that is hyperandrogenismwith menstrual, ultrasound, or endocrine evidence of an-ovulatory cycles (1). Hyperandrogenism is representedby elevated serum levels of testosterone, androstenedi-one, or dehydroepiandrosterone in its free or conjugatedsulfated form. Hirsutism is also a characteristic feature,but its manifestation may vary considerably in relation toethnic origin, even in the presence of hyperandrogen-emia. Chronic anovulation is represented by (a) men-strual disorder (amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, abnormalmenstrual cycle intervals, or menometrorrhagia), and of-ten by (b) ultrasound evidence of enlarged ovaries withmultiple follicular cysts and increased stroma, and (c)abnormally low serum progesterone levels during themidluteal phase. Affected women, however, commonlyrevert spontaneously to having fertile ovulatory cycles.There is no known single specific cause. PCOS is abona fide "syndrome" with multiple etiologies and con-tributory factors, including genetic (autosomal domi-nant), endocrine (ovary, adrenal), metabolic (obesity, in-sulin resistance), and neurologic (limbic, hypothalamic)causes. The broad definition of PCOS includes specificdiagnostic entities that many today consider separately,such as the nonclassic forms of heredofamilial adrenalhyperplasia, ovarian virilizing tumors, various identifi-able causes of hyperprolactinemia, and thyroid disorders.Our view is to include them under the rubric of thegeneral syndrome and then to classify PCOS as to spe-cific etiology or as idiopathic. Minimal criteria for des-ignation should establish the occurrence of hyperandro-genic chronic anovulation and exclude hyperandrogen-ism or polycystic ovaries with no other concomitants.IS PCOS PARTICULARLY COMMON AMONGWOMEN WITH EPILEPSY?The prevalence of PCOS in the general female popu-lation has been a matter of debate, with estimates rangingfrom as low as 3–4% to as high as 18–19%, dependingon the definitional parameters used and the populationstudied. Knockenhauer et al. (2) identified PCOS, con-sisting of hyperandrogenism (hyperandrogenemia and/orhirsutism) and oligomenorrhea, in 3–4% of women in ageneral community survey in the southeastern UnitedStates. Polson et al. (3) have reported polycystic ovaries(PCO) in 23% of a series of volunteers recruited amongBritish hospital employees. Three fourths of thesewomen (i.e., 18% overall) had menstrual disorders aswell, and most of the women with PCO were reported tohave either menstrual disorder, hirsutism, or both,thereby rating the designation of PCOS. Serum testos-terone levels in the women with PCO, however, weresimilar to those of women with normal ovaries. Claytonet al. (4) identified a similar proportion of women ashaving PCO, specifically 22%, but only 30% of themexhibited menstrual disorders, and only 14% had hirsut-ism, again without a significant difference in serum tes-tosterone levels. This series suggests that PCOS occurredin ∼6.6% of women. In our most recent control series ofwomen of reproductive age, between 18 and 45 years (5),we have identified menstrual disorders (defined as amen-orrhea, no menses for 6 months; oligomenorrhea, >32-day intervals; polymenorrhea, 4 days' variability in interval; or menome-trorrhagia, heavy menses and bleeding between periods)in 10% of 100 women in a primary care physician'scommunity practice and 14% of 100 women who see agynecologist in a teaching hospital setting. The combi-nation of PCOS characteristics (i.e., hirsutism and men-


The goal of speech recognition is to find the most probable word given the acoustic evidence, i.e. a string of VQ codes or acoustic features. Speech recognition algorithms typically take advantage of the fact that the probability of a word, given a sequence of VQ codes, can be calculated.


Abstract Incipit in the philosophic novels of Francois Voltaire Case study: Candide and Micromegas How the first words of a novel lead the reader to its contents? How the writers connect the readers mind with unexpected maters that he would face in his text? It is the incipit fulfills this inevitable role for guiding the reader. The purpose of recent study is findly answers to this questions and also demonstrating how Voltaire, as a storyteller, respond to different questions made by the reader with helping of incipit through the novels like Micromegas and Candide. The can also discover an important event or subject that makes clear a lot of bigger events forming the crux of a novel at the bigining of it. The present work consider to study by witch of the grammatical, technical or another methods Voltaire talks about his philosophy also the ironic and satirical themes when leads the reader on the ground or for example, when he brings in the fantasy world of imaginary planets, and through the incipit of extraordinary journeys stories. Key words: Incipit, tale, irony, Voltaire,Candide, Micromegas.


The interpretation of experimental electrochemical impedance spectroscopic data is widely performed with the aid of equivalent circuits. These circuits consist of passive electrical elements of resistors, capacitors and even inductors. Non-passive elements are also used that are mathematical constructs. The Warburg element is such and is used to address mass-transfer-limitations as well as the influence of porosity of films. A most common construct is the constant phase element (CPE) with impedance given by


The automatic integrated monitoring software for marine ecological environment based on MCGS configuration software is designed and developed to realize real-time automatic monitoring of many marine ecological parameters. The DTU data transmission terminal performs network communication and transmits the data to the user data center in a timely manner. The software adopts the modular design and has the advantages of stable and flexible data structure, strong portability and scalability, clear interface, simple user operation and convenient maintenance. Continuous site comparison test of 6 months showed that, the relative error of the parameters monitored by the system such as temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen was controlled within 5% with the standard method and the relative error of the nutrient parameters was within 15%. Meanwhile, the system had few maintenance times, low failure rate, stable and efficient continuous monitoring capabilities. The field application shows that the software is stable and the data communication is reliable, and it has a good application prospect in the field of marine ecological environment comprehensive monitoring.


Hydrologic models are an approximation of reality, and thus, are not able to perfectly simulate observed streamflow because of various sources of uncertainty. On the other hand, skillful operational hydrologic forecasts are vital in water resources engineering and management for preparedness against flooding and extreme events. Multi-model techniques can be used to help represent and quantify various uncertainties in forecasting. In this paper, we assess the performance of a Multi-model Seasonal Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (MSESP) scheme coupled with statistical post-processing techniques to issue operational uncertainty for the Manitoba Hydrologic Forecasting Centre (HFC). The Ensemble Streamflow Predictions (ESPs) from WATFLOOD and SWAT hydrologic models were used along with four statistical post-processing techniques: Linear Regression (LR), Quantile Mapping (QM), Quantile Model Averaging (QMA), and Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA)]. The quality of MSESP was investigated from April to July with a lead time of three months for the Upper Assiniboine River Basin (UARB) at Kamsack, Canada. While multi-model ESPs coupled with post-processing techniques improve predictability (in general), results suggest that additional avenues for improving the skill and value of seasonal streamflow prediction. Next steps towards an operational ESP system include adding more operationally used models, improving models calibration methods to reduce model bias, increasing ESP sample size, and testing ESP schemes at multiple lead times, which, once developed, will not only help HFCs in Canada but would also help Centers South of the Border.