As demands for insights on music streaming listeners continue to grow, scientists and industry analysts face the challenge to comprehend a mutated consumption behavior, which demands a renewed approach to listener typologies. This study aims to determine how audience segmentation can be performed in a time-relevant and replicable manner. Thus, it interrogates which parameters best serve as indicators of preferences to ultimately assist in delimiting listener segments.
Accordingly, the primary objective of this research is to develop a revised typology that classifies music streaming listeners in the light of the progressive phenomenology of music listening. The hypothesis assumes that this could be solved by positioning listeners
– rather than products – at the center of streaming analysis and supplementing sales- with user-centered metrics. The empirical research of this paper was based on grounded theories, enriched by analytical case studies. For this purpose, behavioral and psychological research results were interconnected with market analysis and streaming platform usage data.
Analysis of the results demonstrates that a concatenation of multi-dimensional data streams facilitates the derivation of a typology that is applicable to varying audience pools. The findings indicate that for the delimitation of listener types, the motivation, and listening context are essential key constituents. Since these variables demand insights that reach beyond existing metrics, descriptive data points relating to the listening process are subjoined. Ultimately, parameter indexation results in listener profiles that offer novel access points for investigations, which make imperceptible, interdisciplinary correlations tangible. The framework of the typology can be consulted in analytical and creational processes. In this respect, the results of the derived analytical approach contribute to better determine and ultimately satisfy listener preferences.


The purpose of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics of quercetin aglycone as well as its conjugated metabolites and to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for quercetin that incorporates enterohepatic recirculation. The stability of quercetin in different matrices at various temperatures and pH, and the quercetin content of six capsules of the herbal preparation Quercetin‐500 Plus® were determined by HPLC. Subjects received quercetin 500 mg three times daily and blood and urine samples were obtained. The concentration of quercetin aglycone and conjugated metabolites were assayed using a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using noncompartmental analysis with WinNonlin. A population compartment model incorporating input from the gallbladder was developed to account for the enterohepatic recirculation observed with quercetin. The oral clearance (CL/F) was high (3.5 × 104l/h) with an average terminal half‐life of 3.5 h for quercetin. The plasma concentration versus time curves exhibited re‐entry peaks. A one‐compartment model that included enterohepatic recirculation best described the plasma data. This represents the first comprehensive evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and enterohepatic recirculation of quercetin in humans. Population pharmacokinetic models adapted for enterohepatic recirculation allowed an assessment of the magnitude and frequency of the enterohepatic recirculation process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A poly(p-methylstyrene-co-styrene)-block-poly(ethylene-co-butene)-block-poly(p-methylstyrene-co-styrene) thermoplastic elastomer was prepared via anionic synthesis of poly(p-methylstyrene-co-styrene)-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(p-methylstyrene-co-styrene) followed by a hydrogenation of the polybutadiene midblock. The sequential method used for the synthesis has resulted in a nearly monodispersed polymer with a polydispersity of 1.03. Bromination of such synthesized copolymer was next, conducted using two different methods. In the presence of a FeCl3 catalyst in CCl4 solvent, bromination occurred through forming a carbocationic complex to undergo an electrophilic substitution reaction on the aromatic rings of the end blocks. Nevertheless, the bromination occurred exclusively on the p-methyl groups of the end blocks when conducted in cyclohexane using photoinitiated free radicals. The microstructure of the brominated molecules were analyzed using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, and bromination efficiencies of 48 and 44% have been attained from the two methods, respectively. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 4108–4116, 1999


A punching manufacturing method uses, as the raw material (40), a long continuous metallic plate material and manufactures an element (10) from the raw material (40). The method comprises a step for forming a pilot hole (42) in the raw material (40) and also forming slits (44) around the pilot hole (42), a step for sequentially transferring and positioning the raw material (40) on downstream stations using the pilot hole (42), and a step for working the raw material (40) transferred and positioned on the downstream stations.


To effectively secure and execute the national budget, it is very important to estimate the reasonable construction cost of each process in the construction of public facilities and works. The construction cost is generally estimated at the time when the design of the targeted structures has been completed. Without detailed sectional drawings and with only simple information on bridge structures in the planning stage or in the early design stage. it would be very difficult to predict the approximate construction cost. In this study, a more efficient and appropriate approximate construction cost estimation model in the planning stage and in the early design stage is presented and verified as reliable by analyzing the construction cost data of 61 existing steel box girder bridges from previous studies. The results of this study show that when the construction cost that was predicted using the construction cost estimation model in the design stage was compared with the cost from the conventional standards, the suggested model in this study produced results with a very high confidence level.


Superhydrophobic coatings provide exceptional protection to electrical circuits, switches, and other electrical devices which operate in wet environments, such as food processing plants or outdoor applications. Among various electrical device applications, electric motors and electrical switches have been successfully tested in the field at two food processors for nearly 20 months with exceptionally good results. Coated microelectronic circuit board has been in operation without any incidence for over 1 year.


Abstract Alcohol dehydrogenases are of high interest for stereoselective syntheses of chiral building blocks such as 1,2‐diols. As this class of enzymes requires nicotinamide cofactors, their application in biotechnological synthesis reactions is economically only feasible with appropriate cofactor regeneration. Therefore, a co‐substrate is oxidized to the respective co‐product that accumulates in equal concentration to the desired target product. Co‐product removal during the course of the reaction shifts the reaction towards formation of the target product and minimizes undesired side effects. Here we describe an atom efficient enzymatic cofactor regeneration system where the co‐product of the ADH is recycled as a substrate in another reaction set. A 2‐step enzymatic cascade consisting of a thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)‐dependent carboligase and an alcohol dehydrogenase is presented here as a model reaction. In the first step benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde react to a chiral 2‐hydroxy ketone, which is subsequently reduced by to a 1,2‐diol. By choice of an appropriate co‐substrate (here: benzyl alcohol) for the cofactor regeneration in the alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH)‐catalyzed step, the co‐product (here: benzaldehyde) can be used as a substrate for the carboligation step. Even without any addition of benzaldehyde in the first reaction step, this cascade design yielded 1,2‐diol concentrations of >100 mM with optical purities (ee, de) of up to 99%. Moreover, this approach overcomes the low benzaldehyde solubility in aqueous systems and optimizes the atom economy of the reaction by reduced waste production. The example presented here for the 2‐step recycling cascade of (1R,2R)‐1‐phenylpropane‐1,2‐diol can be applied for any set of enzymes, where the co‐products of one process step serve as substrates for a coupled reaction.


&NA; In September 1990, 40 Norwegian doctors began a 2‐year management training program consisting of six 1‐week courses organized by the Norwegian Medical Association. The program was subsequently evaluated. This article discusses the adequacy of applying quantitative as well as qualitative evaluation methods. Qualitative methods included observation of the six courses and interviews with 12 of the participants before and after the training program. The quantitative method was by questionnaires answered before and after the program by participants who were colleagues from the same department and colleagues from other hospitals (control group). We found that combining these two methods was an effective evaluation of management training. The controlled study gave us the opportunity to use advanced statistical analyses of changes in attitudes toward management by the participants during the training period. The interviews and observations provided us with a better understanding of the educational processes, and thereby ability to initiate changes in the program. We conclude that as educational processes are part of a larger context it is important to understand the relationship between the effects of a program and the processes that produce these effects.


IL-7 is required for survival of most T cell subsets and generally promotes T cell immune responses. Loss of functions of IL-7R in human has been known to cause severe combined immunodeficiency. Somatic gain of function mutations of IL-7R have been found in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), these mutations usually occur in region of residue 244 in the exon 6 and lead to insertion of multiple amino acids. More recently, polymorphisms in IL-7R have been shown be a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) and some autoimmune diseases. The polymorphysims that affects risk to most of these immunopathologies is T244/I, the same region harboring gain-of-function mutations in T-ALL. To investigate the mechanism of IL-7R variants association with MS and seek new therapeutic approaches directed to IL-7R pathway, we hypothesize that the functional significance of the T244/I polymorphism in IL-7R is related to increased signaling. To test our hypothesis, the T244 and I244 alleles of IL7R are transfected into BaF3 cells. The high risk allele T244 induces stronger Stat5 activation and promotes better survival of BaF3 cells. We further examine the strength of signaling in vivo in mice. IL-7R deficient bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors are transduced by retroviral infection with T244 or I244 allele and transferred to Rag1 deficient mice. Human IL-7R rescues T cell development in mice. Consistent with the in vitro study, the CD8 cells harboring the high risk allele T244 display stronger Stat5 activation compared with cells with I244. Our preliminary study suggests that high risk allele T244 of IL-7R signals stronger than allele I244, and this may promote activation of autoimmune T calls in MS and other autoimmune diseases.


A Study to assess the effectiveness of skill training on empowerment of child care
skills among the mothers of mentally challenged children in selected mentally retarded
schools of madurai.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: To find out the level of empowerment on child care skills among mothers of
mentally challenged children before & after skill training in activities of
daily living. To evaluate the effectiveness of skill training in activities of daily living in terms
of child care skills among mothers of mentally challenged children. To determine the association between posttest empowerment on child care
skills score among mothers of mentally challenged children & selected
demographic variables of mothers (family income, religion, type of marriage,
education of mother, place of residence) and demographic profile of child (age,
sex, birth order).
HYPOTHESIS :-
H 1 – The mean post test empowerment score on child care skills among the
mothers of mentally challenged children will be significantly higher than the mean pretest
score among the mothers of mentally challenged children
H2 – There will be a significant association between posttest empowerment on child care
skills & the selected demographic variables mothers (family income, religion, type of
marriage, education of mother, place of residence) and demographic profile of child (age,
sex, birth order) among the mothers & mentally challenged children.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS:-
It means that the way, it produces the intented result or a successful event. In this
study it refers the outcome of skill training in empowering the mothers of mentally
challenged children on child care skills.
It is the difference between the mean pretest & post test empowerment score on
child care skills after the administration of skill training on daily living activities.
SKILL TRAINING
In the study it refers to the skill that is required for the mothers of mentally
challenged to meet the daily basic need like brushing, bathing, dressing, feeding,
grooming, play activities of the mentally challenged children.
It means training of mothers of challenged children regarding skills like brushing,
bathing, feeding , grooming, & play activities.
MENTALLY CHALLENGED CHILDREN:-
Mentally challenged children refers to children with significantly sub average
general intellectual function existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive functioning,
which is manifested during the developmental period with onset before the age of 18.
In the study, it refers to children with sub average general intellectual function
existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive functioning & manifested during the
developmental period with onset before the age of 18 who are attending Anbagam and
shine special schools.
EMPOWERMENT :-
Giving strength or confidence, knowledge & skill to the mothers of mentally
challenged children in meeting the daily activities like brushing, bathing, eating, dressing,
& play activities.
ASSUMPTION: Teaching the child care skills is to improve or maximize the mother's ability &
confident. Child care skills can be learned by the mothers of mentally challenged children. Nurse has an important role in teaching these child care skills to mothers of
mentally challenged children. Appropriate child care skills is necessary to improving activities of daily living among the mothers of mentally challenged children.
DELIMITATIONS: This study was confined to 2 special school (Anbagam & shine special school). Data collection period was limited to 6 weeks.PROJECTED OUTCOME:-
� The study finding will help to determine the effectiveness of skill training among
mothers of mentally challenged children in improving the child care skills.
� The finding of this study will help the nursing personnel to plan & prepare
module on skills training in special school for improving child care skills among
the mothers of challenged children.


Treatment of bathing wastewater with polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber porous membrane-bioreactor was introduced.Through testing the variations of suction pressure ,three factors affecting the filtration resistance were analysed and reviewed so as to provide scientific basis and reference for the stability of actual operation.


The authors propose a rearranging-atom algorithm with near-fewest sorting-atom moves for large-scale atom assemblers and apply to the preparation of defect-free atom arrays in compact configurations experimentally.


Recently the 4-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet (GB) theory has been extended by introducing a new parameter of the form αD−4 where α is a nonzero real parameter. The idea also has been extended to higher-order pure Lovelock theory by rescaling the parameter in a similar manner. In a particular third-order Lovelock spacetime we investigate particle confinement, the absence of flat rotation curves, and the possible collision of null sources that gives rise locally to such a static spacetime.


The excellent AAEM Equipment and Computer Committee technology review article on compact battery operated nerve conduction velocity devices used the name ''neurometer'' to refer to one of these devices. ''Neurometert'' is the registered trademark for a brand of neurodiagnostic products manufactured by Neurotron, Inc. Neurotron, Inc., does not now nor have we ever manufactured devices which measure conduction velocity. This confusion probably arises from portable nerve conduction devices that were marketed under the name ''electroneurometer'' until several years ago. These devices were limited to the crude assessment of latency. The Neurometert brand computerized automated neurodiagnostic devices employ completely different technology. A neuroselective constant current electrical stimulus is used to objectively quantify and monitor the functional integrity of more than 90% of the sensory nerve fibers—including the large and small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. The reliability and efficacy of this type of methodology have been documented by over 300 peerreviewed publications which report on the application of cutaneous electrical stimulation as a quantitative test of sensory function. Please inform your readers about this error in order to avoid further confusion.


Aeduorum Caesarem certiorem faciunt etc. Quo is added by Dinter. As a matter of fact it had been the vulgate reading before Oudendorp, who restored the MSS. reading Aedui Ambarri. I am inclined to agree with Dinter's restoration of the old vulgate. The Ambarri were a district tribe, cf. I. 14, 3 quod Aeduos, quod Ambarros, qvsod Allobrogas vexassent, cf. also Livy enumeration, V. 34, 5, Bituriges, Arvernos, Senones, Aeduos, Ambarros, Carnutes, Aulercos. The Suessiones, although a distinct tribe, are called fratres consanguineique of the Pemi, II. 3, 5. I. 14, 4 : the phrase impune/erre iniurias suas—the object being the subjects own guilt, •—is quite abnormal. Probably = auferre : had got off scot free for their outrages. Schneider quotes Terence Andria III. 4, 5 ; ' sed inultum id nunquam auferet.' Eginhard, a careful student and imitator of classic Latinity, uses the phrase (vita Caroli Magni c. 7) ' nunquam eos huiuscemodi aliquid perpetrantes impune ferre passus est.' E. G. SlHLEE.


This paper presents a study of three possible solutions that can be taken into account to control the phase shift between elements in an antenna array. Because commercial digital phase shifters have become a strategic element by U.S. Government, these elements have increased their price. For this reason, it is necessary to adopt some solutions that allow us to deal with the design and construction of antenna arrays.


Accurate forecasting of urban water consumption can provide guidance to urban water supply and planning. In recent patents, artificial neural network (ANN) has been applied in urban water consumption forecasting. However, the practicability of artificial neural network is affected due to the weaknesses, such as over-fitting, slow convergence velocity and local extremum. Support vector machine (SVM) is a novel machine learning method, which has excellent generalization ability in the situation of small sample. In SVM, the choice of training parameters has an important influence on the forecasting performance of SVM. Thus, support vector machine trained by genetic algorithm is proposed to forecast urban water consumption in the study, in which genetic algorithm is used to determine the training parameters of SVM and improve the forecasting performance of SVM. Water consumption of Ziyang city in China from 1998 to 2007 is used to study the forecasting performance of the proposed model. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model can gain higher forecasting accuracy than grey model, artificial neural network.


Current industrial networks rely heavily on the carrier sense multiple access collision detection (CSMA/CD) network access technique. Such access schemes are classified as stochastic, due to the inability to directly assign a time for the transmission of data traffic between sender and receiver equipment. A deterministic network structure is introduced that overcomes the unpredictable nature of CSMA/CD networks. The network is based on the ring topology and is of a robust design. >


One of the characteristics of contemporary philosophy, at least in its phenomenological-poststructuralist lineage, is a kind of re/turn to religion. However, this re/turn itself is not properly religious; rather, it represents a "religion without religion"; it is a religion of exit from religion, a religion without belief – as it explores religious themes in a-religious, a-theological modes. At the same time, contemporary philosophy retains a discourse somehow related to "faith", even if it is a kind of strange "faith", if one can say so – "faith" in an impossible possibility of some inaccessible alterity opening up within the very limits of infinite finitude of human reason and worldly immanence. It can be deemed faith vis-a-vis religious belief as it is the act of reason relating itself to that which, in it, passes it infinitely, but on a-theological premises, i.e. in the absence of any metaphysical/theological principle, such as "God", for example.
For exploring the theme of this paper – the contemporary philosophical reflection on "faith" – I will draw upon texts of a French philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy. His thinking is especially enlightening in this regard, for he has reflected on the subject of faith particularly, interpreting religious/Christian faith in his own fashion and then recognising these elements of faith in his own thinking when it reaches the very limits of the im/possible. Since Nancy's understanding of faith cannot be viewed and understood separately from his project of the so-called "deconstruction of Christianity", before explicating Nancy's understanding of faith, interpreting it in Lutheran, Spinozian and Kantian terms in contemporary rendering, and also questioning it, I will first lay out and systematise some basic relevant, interrelated themes within this larger context, such as dis-enclosure of metaphysics, dialectic/identity of theism and atheism, auto-deconstruction of Christianity to the sense-of-the-world etc.


Container port throughput in Southeast Asia is rising strongly, and this is attracting high levels of investment from leading global terminal operators. Clive Woodbridge surveys the scene.


and some particular stages of the female life cycle. There are extensive references and most of the chapters present an overview rather than an intensive exploration of the subject. Therefore, the book would be of most interest to medical students, general physicians and to those psychiatrists wish ing an overview of the subject. The lack of jargon also makes it accessible to the general public. Malkah Notman's "Femi nine Development: Changes in Psychoanalytic Theory" de scribes older theories with sympathy while clearly altering or abandoning them in the light of current understanding. Golda Edinburg's "Women and Aging" is an excellent summary. Norman Zinberg's "Changing Sex Stereotypes: Some Problems for Women and Men", the most interesting chap ter, is also the most troubling. His hypothesis is that the division between activity and passivity is the chief factor in differentiating between the roles of the sexes. Zinberg's choice of words like "active" to represent "aggressive, com petitive, intrusive and, in a sense, dominating" and "passive" to represent "nurturant, tension regulating, receptive and, in a sense, submissive" is unfortunate. He is aware that psy choanalytic language is frustrating, but opts for it as the best available choice. However, both the psychoanalytic con cepts and the active/passive framework of the discussion impose a distortion on the complex issues he is attempting to clarify. Nevertheless, it is an interesting chapter and by far the most provocative one in that it encourages the reader to also attempt to grapple with these differences and to under stand them within a theoretical framework. Brazelton and Keefer's chapter on "The Early MotherChild Relationship: A Developmental View of Woman as Mother" is more about infant development and about the, developing relationship from the infant's perspective than about the developing of motherhood. 1 would like to see their kind of detailed observational research applied to pregnant women and to mothers with a view to documenting both the internal and the externally observable changes in the normal developmental process of becoming a mother. For the psychology of women to advance at this time, I believe that more specific research and more disciplined efforts to understand the theoretical implications of clinical and research findings are required.


In this investigation, we discuss how to prototype TPN models by means of general discrete event simulators. To do that, we define restricted TPN (rTPN) and text-based commands that are equivalent to rTPN. By experiments we show how we can go well with the simulators. Also we show such approach is easy and quick compared to dedicated implementation approach.


With the rapid growth of my country's market economy and the reform of the management system, the risks in company investment and financial operations have gradually become prominent. In the thesis, the financial status risk early warning model of digital companies based on the kernel function adjustment algorithm is studied, and the relevant theoretical knowledge about the financial status risk of digital companies is understood on the basis of literature data, and then the digital company that adopts the kernel function adjustment algorithm. The financial status risk early warning model is established, and the newly established model is tested. According to the experimental conclusions, it is concluded that the improved algorithm studied in this paper is better than PCA-SVM in reducing the number of support vectors.


This paper deals with the problems of segmentation of specific microscopic medical images for diagnostic purposes. The monitored structures are physiologically motile with right frequency and synchronization which is evaluated by analysis of high-speed video sequences containing microscopic samples. It means that the diagnostic of potential pathologies leads to analysis of particular images of the video sequence. Proper recognition of image contents and its division into objects of interests, artifacts and background is a task of image segmentation. There exist a vast range of segmentation methods in the area of image processing, however, the particularity of studied microscopic images and the requirements for precision mean significant difficulties and this opens the space for further research in this field. This paper proposes better and more precise segmentation of images containing respiratory epithelium, using the method of local binary patterns. Such technique focuses on local texture features of an image, which enables the reliable identification of even small and usually not contrast structures -- cilia. The great potential of this approach is in the possibility to identify the static cilia, which could not be recognized by standard frequency analysis of video sequences (due to the fact that they are actually not moving), and so improve the diagnostic of even more serious ciliary pathologies.


Whereas the achievement of sporting mega-events in Brazil, this study sought to reflect onaspects of FIFA2014 World Cup - impacts and economic investments expected; sourcesof investment; justifications of governments to host it, the public investment in BahiaStadium for the Cup and for courts to physical education. The study was set up indocument analysis with content analysis. It was showed the prediction of the expenseof $ 183.2 billion to GDP (gross national product) and investment of R $ 23.8 billion,being the disclosure of the country and the possible benefits to the economy the mainreasons. In relation to the government of Bahia it showed an investment of $ 268.1 millionin the stadium while 42.2% of schools do not have courts for physical education classes.It is concluded that there is a large investment of public money and that although thereare predicted benefits to the economy, there is no guarantee that they will happen.


Zulkarnaini, Sabaruddin Zakaria and Bakhtiar Basyah. Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam Banda Aceh, Indonesia. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 02 July 2019 Final Accepted: 04 August 2019 Published: September 2019


To study on physical education and traning for college students we collected and analyzed data about our college students boby shape、physiological function and physical quality in recent years and made a comparative analysis longitudinally with the national statistical data in 1995.The results strongly provide a scientific basis for us to improve the physical education and training effects in our college,and let us know where the teaching emphases should be put and how to go.


This article studied the soil water-holding capability and permeation speed under the four kinds of forests of Quercus acutissima,Robinia pseudoacacia,Platycladus oriental and Pinus tabulaeformis in Xintai tumen tree farm.The results showed that the water-holding capacity and permeation speed of the forestlands were both obviously higher than that of barren slope.The soil water-holding contents of the four kinds of forestlands in 0-20 cm soil layer were higher than in 20-40 cm soil layer.The sequences of water-holding capacity of the four kinds of forestlands were:Robinia pseudoacacia forestlandQuercus acutissima forestlandPlatycladus oriental forestlandPinus tabulaeformis forestland.The sequences of infiltration coefficient of the four kinds offorestlands were:Robinia pseudoacacia forestlandQuercus acutissima forestlandPlatycladus oriental forestlandPinus tabulae formis forestland.


The Effect of Online Learning on Student Learning Outcomes on the Theme of Objects Around Us in Class V SDN 101752 Klambir Five Academic Years 2020/2021. Thesis. Primary School Teacher Education Department. Faculty of Science Education. Nahdlatul Ulama University, North Sumatra. This study aims to determine the effect of online learning on student learning outcomes on the theme of objects around us in fifth grade elementary school. The subjects of this study were the fifth grade students of SDN 101752 Klambir Lima, totaling 36 people, consisting of 19 boys and 17 girls. This study uses descriptive quantitative research with data testing using SPSS 25. Data obtained through filling out questionnaires by respondents, data from schools and interviews as supporting data. This study tested the validity, reliability, normality and hypothesis testing. The results showed that online learning had a significant effect on student
learning outcomes. It is proven from the results of testing the validity of the value of sig.(2-tailed) is <0.05. Judging from rcount and rtable, the result is that the value of rcount > rtable. The rtable value of 0.2785 was obtained from looking at the respondent's data. The results of the reliability test are known that the value of Cronbach's alpha > 0.6. The results of the Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test with SPSS are known that the value of Sig = 0.200> 0.05, so it can be concluded that the residual value is normally distributed. The value of the coefficient of determination is 67,1% and the remaining 32.9% is explained by other variables not explained in this study. And the results of the hypothesis test show that the value of fcount and ftable = 69,234 > 4.121. From the test results, it can be concluded that online learning can be a substitute for face-to-face learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Online Learning, Student Learning Outcomes.


Two samples (A and B) of zinc aluminate spinel were prepared and used as catalysts of phenol methylation. Both catalysts were synthesised at hydrothermal conditions from zinc acetate and from various aluminium precursors: aluminium isopropoxide (catalyst A) or basic aluminium nitrate (catalyst B). Catalyst A was pure ZnAl2O4 and B - besides ZnAl2O4 contained traces of γ-Al2O3. Reactions of phenol alkylation with methanol were carried out in the gas phase under atmospheric pressure in a standard flow reactor with fixed bed. Catalysts indicated different properties in dependence on the aluminium precursor used during preparation. In the presence of catalyst A higher selectivity of ortho-methylation of phenol was obtained. Catalyst B was active both in O-alkylation and C-alkylation.


This Insight will discuss the European Supervision Order (ESO) in the context of its nexus with the EAW. It will give an overview of the ESO, focussing on the issue of the ways in which breaches of an ESO may be addressed. The argument is advanced that the ESO's potential is currently untapped and that it has the ability to make the EAW procedure function more efficiently. This is done through a survey of Irish EAW case-law where the ESO could have been engaged. Finally, it will make suggestions for reform.


Background:  The alpha agonist dexmedetomidine, a sedative and analgesic, reduces heart rate and blood pressure dose‐dependently. We investigated whether it also has the ability to attenuate airway and circulatory reflexes during emergence from anaesthesia.


To scientifically assess the Hi-tech companies' competitive strength is the premise and foundation of effectively improving their competitiveness. This paper uses the methods of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) and selects the 14 industries' data from the state taxation investigation jointly carried out by the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration in 2007 as samples. It appraises the Hi-tech companies' competitiveness from three aspects: asset deployment status, profit-making capability and innovation ability, and in this way, eliminates the assessment s non-objectivity and non-fairness induced by the inadequate objective requisites. This paper improves the scientificalness, rationality and accuracy of the Hi-tech companies' competitiveness assessment from the aspects both of the model and the index.


Abstract : Experts in many domains possess and utilize mental models that novice personnel have not yet developed. As people gain more experience, their mental models tend to become more homogeneous with other experts, compared to the novice people. Towards this end, system developers and training researchers attempt to identify critical components of expert operator assessment and knowledge. Via analyses of submariner knowledge for concepts related to responsibilities for the Officer of the Deck (OOD) task, this study examined how training may alter knowledge representation and prior of conceptual importance and how overlap in mental models may be due to amount of experience.


Glow discharge in a gas flow (GDF) in various chambers has been investigated by analytic and numerical methods. In the case of GDF in cylindrical tubes spatial distributions of gas temperature and of electron density were received as series with Bessel functions. For GDF in plane profiled chambers these characteristics were obtained as series with trigonometric and degenerate hypergeometric functions. Transverse glow discharge chambers in electronegative gas flow was investigated numerically by alternating direction method. As a result, two-dimensional distributions of charged particles and of electric potential inside chamber were obtained.


A common polymorphism in the gene encoding the prion protein (PRNP) is known to determine susceptibility to Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. This polymorphism at codon 129 encodes for either methionine (M) or valine (V). There is an increasing interest in the role of this protein in other neurodegenerative processes including Alzheimer's disease. Here, we address the question whether genetic variability of the PRNP codon 129 polymorphism plays an (agedependent) role in cognitive decline. PRNP codon 129 genotypes were determined in 965 randomly selected participants from a population-based study, the Rotterdam Study. The subjects were sampled in four 10-year age categories (age range, 55–95 years). Cognitive performance was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Geriatric Mental State Schedule. Based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–III-R criteria, screen-positive persons were further evaluated for the presence of dementia by two neurologists. After a mean follow-up of 6.5 0.6 years 418 (43%) participants were reexamined. Reasons for loss to follow-up were death (63%), refusal (33%), and inability to undergo the MMSE (4%). Genotype and allele frequencies were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (MV, n 440; MM, n 435; VV, n 90; p 0.16). We found no evidence for a shift in allele frequencies with age. The baseline MMSE scores did not differ between the genotypes. For the assessment of cognitive decline, all prevalent demented subjects were excluded. In the analyses adjusting for age, sex, education, baseline MMSE, and having the apolipoprotein E4 allele, we found a significantly higher decline in cognitive performance in V homozygous subjects aged 55 to 64 years ( p 0.01) compared with the reference group MV (Fig). We further found more patients with dementia in V homozygotes ( p 0.01). Age at onset was lower in demented PRNP129 VV carriers (MV, 85.4 years; MM, 86.3 years; VV, 84.4 years), but numbers were too low to reach statistical significance. Previously, significantly lower MMSE scores were observed in V homozygous subjects aged 66 to 71 years. We recently described an increased prevalence of this genotype in patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. In line with these findings, here we report a shift in cognitive decline toward early age in carriers of PRNP129 VV. Interestingly, in sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease patients with genotype VV, the risk for developing the disease is also only significantly increased at early age ( 49 years). Our data and those of others support the view of an in creased susceptibility for neurodegeneration in carriers of the PRNP129 VV genotype early in life.


Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors are often used for wastewater treatment and microalgae production. UASB have a greater performance due to higher biomass concentrations. However, this comes at the cost of increased nonlinearities and therefore increased difficulties of control through linear methods (especially ones that make use of simplified models of the system). The methods developed to counter this type of problems include feedback linearization, which uses additional information on the system to create performance advantages. This paper performs a comparative study of both types of controllers applied to a UASB, first in their equilibrium points and their stability, secondly in the different stable regions (basins of attraction) of these points in the parameter space, and thirdly in the effects of identification uncertainty on over these regions. It is found that the two control loops have similar equilibrium points qualitatively and quantitatively. The kinetics of substrate inhibition limit the values of controller set point in the linear loop, and the uncertainty of identification gain has greater importance to that of the time constant.


Verticillium dahliae is one of the most serious diseases in cotton, which influence the cotton production and quality severely. Now, it is the key research subject of cotton resistance genetics, breeding and plant pathology. In this report, the eight upland cotton parents including four resistant (Changkang cotton, 5173, Hebei Kanghuang and Shandong Kanghuang) and 4 susceptible cultivars (TM-1, Junmian-1, Xinluzao-1 and Ganbing-1) were hybridized in 8×8 half-dialled cross, and were inoculated with Anyang strain with middle virulence, and the main resistant characters including the percentage of susceptible plants and the disease index were investigated. The estimation of the ratio between components of genetic variance and phenotypic variance indicates that the additive effects of both diseases index and disease index of vascular were significant, while the dominant effects were insignificant. The result suggests that the effect selection in the early segregation generation will be better, and continuous selection of the resistant plants is helpful for the improvement of cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae. Analysis of the heritability shows that narrow sense heritability and broad sense heritability of the disease resistance are significantly different. Covariance analysis also shows that the average disease indexes per plant positively correlate with the vascular disease indexes significantly, but Verticillium wilt negatively correlate with yield character significantly. All these are very helpful to elucidate the effect of Verticillium wilt on the cotton production theoretically. According to our tests, Hebei Kanghuang and Changkang mian are good parents to improve the resistance to Verticillium wilt.


Recently, great attention has been put on the possible applications of nanotechnology in photovoltaics. Here, we report room temperature growth of large area black silicon surface consisting of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) array with reflectivity reduced to ≪ 4% in the entire spectral range (300–1000 nm) of interest for solar cells and fabrication of solar cell (n+pp+ structure) on such "black silicon" substrates. Growth of SiNW arrays was carried out on p-type (1–5 Ω-cm) crystalline silicon wafers by a silver induced wet chemical etching process in aqueous HF+AgNO3 etching solution. For solar cell fabrication, SiNW arrays were grown selectively on the active device area (on the front) by protecting the regions where front contacts are to be made. The n+pp+ structure based solar cells were fabricated by conventional cell fabrication protocol. The present process overcomes the front electrode contact problem addressed before in case of SiNWs based silicon solar cells.


Befekadu Zegeye's article on "leftist juntas" ( Monthly Review , July/August 1979) is most illuminating, but although I agree with the main points of his analysis, it seems to me that he did not tell the whole story. For while I agree that a great number of the juntas do indeed use the growing mass appeal of socialism for their own purposes, I submit that a fair number of them were genuinely dedicated to socialism at the inception of their regimes but fell by the wayside as a result of specific conditions, the most central being their faulty understanding of socialism. This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website , where most recent articles are published in full. Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


In this paper, the rheological characteristic of HPAM solutions is studied and the oil displacement efficiency of viscous-elastic HPAM solutions (mass concentration in series) and viscous glycerin solutions (no elasticity, viscosity in series) are calculated by flooding at visual microscopic glass models. Also, the effect and mechanism of the elastic behavior of HPAM solutions and glycerin solution on the displacement of residual oil films under mixed wettability conditions are studied, the relationship between the elastic behavior of HPAM and oil displacement efficiencies are given in the experiment condition. It is indicated that the oil displacement efficiency of polymer solution is higher than that of glycerin solution at the same viscosity. The elastic behavior of polymer solution can increase the displacement oil efficiency. At the experiment condition, the optimum range of concentration of polymer solution is 1.0~2.0 g/L for higher displacement oil efficiency.


Recent studies have demonstrated that ADP plays a critical role in platelet activation. Platelets possess at least two major G protein-coupled ADP receptors that are largely responsible for platelet responses to ADP: P2Y 1 and P2Y 12 . P2Y 12 is the therapeutic target of efficacious antithrombotic agents, such as ticlopidine and clopidogrel, and its congenital deficiency results in a bleeding disorder. In this study, we have identified a patient with the congenital P2Y 12 deficiency and analyzed the role of P2Y 12 in platelet function. The proband (OSP-1) is a 67-year-old Japanese female with a lifelong history of easy bruising. In response to high concentrations of agonists OSP-1's platelets showed a specifically impaired aggregation to ADP stimulation. The impaired platelet aggregation was neither improved even at 100 μM ADP stimulation nor reduced by adding 1 μM AR-C69931MX, a specific P2Y 12 antagonist. ADP induced platelet shape change normally and failed to inhibit PGE 1 -stimulated cAMP accumulation in OSP-1 platelets, further suggesting the defect in P2Y 12 dependent signal. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that OSP-1 was a homozygous for a mutation in the translation initiation codon (ATG to AGG) in the P2Y 12 gene. HEK293 cells transfected with wild-type P2Y 12 construct expressed a 60 kD-protein, while cells transfected with mutant P2Y 12 construct failed to express any related protein. These data confirmed that the mutation was responsible for the deficiency in P2Y 12 and denied the possibility that the substitution might induce an alternative translation starting at downstream ATGs leading to an expression of shorter form of P2Y 12 . Platelet spreading onto immobilized fibrinogen was impaired in OSP-1 platelets as well as in control platelets in the presence of 1 μM AR-C69931MX. Under static conditions, activation of integrin α IIb β 3 measured by PAC1-binding in OSP-1 platelets was only 5 to 12 % of controls even at high concentrations of PAR1-TRAP, PAR4-TRAP or U46619. These results suggest that ADP released by Gq-coupled receptors and P2Y 12 -dependent signal are critical for sustained activation of integrin α IIb β 3 . Real time observations of thrombogenesis on a type I collagen-coated surface under a high shear rate (2000 s −1 ) revealed that thrombi were unstable. Most of the aggregates of OSP-1 platelets were unable to resist against high shear stress and loosely-attached aggregates came off into the blood stream. Thrombus height and volume measured at the plateau phase was 50% of control. Our data suggest that secretion of endogenous ADP and subsequent P2Y 12 -mediated signals are critical for platelet spreading, stable integrin α IIb β 3 activation and, as a consequence, for stabilization of thrombus. These results provide a novel insight for the role of P2Y 12 and endogenous ADP released into a limited space between thrombus-forming platelets.


In this supplement to The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, Ware and Hicks provide scathing criticism of the misuse of evidence-based medicine in health technology assessments (2). Their critique focuses on Australian health technology assessments on the use of PET in oncology, but similarly controversial health technology assessments on PET have been performed in other countries as well. In Germany, the Institute for Quality and Cost Effectiveness in Health Care (IQWIG) has recently concluded that there is no evidence for the use of PET/CT in malignant lymphomas,


The fierce competition in the healthcare sector has forced the hospitals to go for branding. The hospitals have various options like print, radio, TV, and digital media for conducting their brand management exercise. The analysis showed that the best hospitals around the globe have focused more on social media marketing for their brand-building exercise. This study conducted a rigorous structured literature review to understand the best practices for healthcare branding using social media tools. The study also conducted a benchmark analysis of social media marketing efforts of the leading global hospitals. It also analyzed the popular online healthcare communities to find the best social media marketing practices adopted for hospital brand building. The practical suggestions for how to leverage the various social media channels for better hospital brand building have also been highlighted.


We write in response to the news that national arbiters for the GP contract are to rule on whether telephone reviews for patients with asthma count towards Quality and Outcome Framework targets.1 Not to allow this would be a major setback to those who are developing and implementing innovative service provision models, which aim to increase access and offer choice of routine care to patients with long-term illnesses. The decision by West …


Let x 1,y 1,z 1 be positive integer solutions of equation x~y + y~x = z~z.Using the linear forms in p-adic logarithm,it is proved that x,y,z are pairwise coprime integers and z 2.8×10~9.


XVALABLE studies of formal social participation 1 can for the most part be easily separated into those that are concerned with the associational activities of families in rural farm areas2 and those that deal with urban dwellers.3 Discussion of the social participation patterns of residents of the rural-urban fringe are few in number and tend to be tangential to the primary concerns of the authors.4 With the continuing rapid settlement of the unincorporated territory at the urban periphery the rural-urban dichotomy becomes increas-


Recently, spatial principal component analysis of census transform histograms (PACT) was proposed to recognize instance and categories of places or scenes in an image. When combining PACT with Local difference Magnitude Binary Pattern (LMBP), a new representation called Local Difference Binary Pattern (LDBP) was proposed and performed better. LDBP is based on the comparisons between center pixel and its neighboring pixels. However, the relationship among neighbor pixels is not considered. In this paper we proposed Local Neighbor Binary Pattern (LNBP) to utilize the relationship among neighboring pixels. LNBP provides complementary information regarding neighboring pixels for LDBP. We propose to combine LDBP with LNBP, and used a spatial representation for scene recognition. Experiments on two widely used dataset demonstrate the proposed method can improve the performance of recognition.


Background subtraction technique has been widely used in the single camera based multi-touch system. The solution based on fixed-rate background accumulation can only be used to the applications with gradual change of ambient lightings. This paper presents a solution to update background by detecting ambient lightings, which enables the multi-touch system to be operated under the conditions of rapid or complicated change of ambient lightings. Experimental results show that with the help of the presented solutions, the ghost points are efficiently reduced and the system can adapt to the changes of ambient lighting in 1 second.


Three subunits, α, β, and γ, contribute to the formation of the epithelial Na+ channel. To investigate the oligomeric assembly of the channel complex, we used sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis to determine the sedimentation properties of individual subunits and heteromultimers comprised of multiple subunits. When the α subunit was expressed alone, it first formed an oligomeric complex with a sedimentation coefficient of 11 S, and then generated a higher order multimer of 25 S. In contrast, individual β and γ subunits predominately assembled into 11 S complexes. We obtained similar results with expression in cells andin vitro. When we co-expressed β with α or with α plus γ, the β subunit assembled into a 25 S complex. Glycosylation of the α subunit was not required for assembly into a 25 S complex. We found that the α subunit formed intra-chain disulfide bonds. Although such bonds were not required to generate an oligomeric complex, under nonreducing conditions the α subunit formed a complex that migrated more homogeneously at 25 S. This suggests that intra-chain disulfide bonds may stabilize the complex. These data suggest that the epithelial Na+ channel subunits form high order oligomeric complexes and that the α subunit contains the information that facilitates such formation. Interestingly, the ability of the α, but not the β or γ, subunit to assemble into a 25 S homomeric complex correlates with the ability of these subunits to generate functional channels when expressed alone.


This paper describes how the United States has no nationwide community noise standard, and an increasing number of states, counties, and municipalities are taking it upon themselves to create a quantitative standard. While most of these communities and organizations use a "not-to-exceed" standard, some use a standard relative to some background level. This paper evaluates the drawbacks of this standard and the paper presents an analysis of the practical nature of the standard for many outdoor industries and activities.


Section One: An Imported Profession Section Two: The Development of a Japanese Model Section Three: 'Re-encounter' with Western Nursing Professionalism


The purpose with this essay is to describe how children from the seven grade of a Swedish elementary school understand bullying. The following questions have been discussed. How do the children in this school define bullying? What do the children think about why someone bully? Who becomes a victim of bullying and who becomes a bully? What do the children think about how someone bully? What do the children feel about adults acting in those situations? What do the children think about the way the school tries to stop bullying? What is the difference between the boys and girls answers? What does the teacher think about bullying? Does the teacher's opinion agree with the children opinion about bullying? The method we used in our essay was individual interviews with children. Our survey showed that children and expert opinions about bullying were quite coincident. Our result showed that verbal teasing is the kind of bullying that is most usual among the boys and girls. Furthermore children said that how someone looks can be used by the bully and that there are special places at the school where bullying is practised. The children's experience of the adult's acting was, that adults didn't take any drastic measures to stop and prevent bullying. Finally the children and the teacher pointed out that more activities to prevent bullying are desirable.


Code completion has the benefit of improving coding speed and reducing the chance of inducing bugs. In recent years, DL-based code completion techniques have been proposed. In particular, pre-trained models have shown outstanding performance because they can complete code by considering the context before and after it is completed. While the model can generate the set of candidate codes, some of those might need to be modified by developers because projects can have different coding rules.In this study, to complete code that fits a specific project appropriately, we train the CodeT5 model with additional data from the target project. This fine-tuning approach is called do-main adaptation, and is often used in neural machine translation. Our preliminary experiment observes that our domain-adapted model improves 5.3% of the perfect prediction rate and, 3.4% of the edit distance rate, compared to the fine-tuned model with the out-of-domain dataset. Furthermore, we discover that the improvement is greater with a larger repository size. The model that is trained with a small dataset, however, hardly improves or performs worse.


By combining the high sensitivity of space telescopes with revolutionary imaging technologies consisting primarily of adaptive optics, the Terrestrial Planet Finder is slated to have imaging power 100 times greater than the Hubble Space Telescope. To this end, Boston Micromachines Corporation, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, received Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for space-based adaptive optical technology. The work resulted in a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) deformable mirror (DM) called the Kilo-DM. The company now offers a full line of MEMS DMs, which are being used in observatories across the world, in laser communication, and microscopy.


The intermediate stage of protoplanetary accretion, where sub-km sized bodies accrete into 500-1000 km diameter bodies, is critical in determining the character of subsequent evolution. Safronov (1972) posited that this accumulation occurred through "steady state" growth, where the largest bodies controlled (and stirred up) the random-velocity distribution of smaller particles. This model led to gravitational cross-sections not much greater than geometric size and consequent slow growth (including untenably long timescales for outer-planet formation). Greenberg et al. (1978) discovered that, at least through the formation of 500 km planetary embryos, the small particles dominate the population and control the velocity distribution, keeping velocities much smaller and setting up the possibility of "runaway accretion", where the largest body is able to accumulate quickly a much greater mass and separate itself from the continuum of the size distribution. Planet formation models and simulations by various researchers appear to be converging towards a consensus on how growth may have occurred, at least up to the emergence of a few dominant planetary embryos from the vast swarm of planetesimals, which is similar to the scenario described by Greenberg et al. (1978 and subsequent). While the results by various groups are similar in many ways, the approaches to simulation differ in many details, so an intercomparison is needed to understand the relation of assumed physical processes and computational approximations to the modeled evolutionary behavior of the system. Two physical processes that play critical roles in setting up growth are (1) gravitational encounters among planetesimals (including planetary embryos) and (2) mutual accretion among similar size bodies. Each process has been subject to a variety of interpretations in the literature. We consider the physics underlying the two processes and discuss some of the different formulations. In the Greenberg et al. model, the velocity stirring through random encounters is evaluated by calculating the change in relative velocity. In each two-body encounter, only the direction of the relative velocity vector changes, not its magnitude (see Kolvoord and Greenberg 1992). Thus there is a component to the velocity change that is perpendicular to the original relative velocity, and a second component (usually much smaller) that is parallel and opposite the original relative velocity. This second component is called "dynamical friction" in stellar dynamics because it is always directed opposite the relative motion. It is simply one component of the correctly calculated change of velocity during encounters. Wetherill and Stewart (1989, see also Stewart and Wetherill, 1988) call the first term "viscous stirring" and consider in detail the separate effects of "viscous stirring" and "dynamical friction". While this distinction may be of computational interest, the underlying physical processes are inseparable. Dynamical friction is a necessary part of accurately calculating the effect of encounters. Wetherill and Stewart correctly point out that this term has a significant effect. However, dynamical friction is not an independent physical process. Earlier models also included dynamical friction as an essential part of the effect of gravitational encounters. A detailed comparison of the algorithm of Wetherill and Stewart with the earlier one by Greenberg et al. shows them to be quite similar in form, though with slightly differing


The crystallographic orientation dependence of the far‐infrared (FIR) light generated at the (001) surface of a zincblende semiconductor is shown to derive principally from bulk difference‐frequency mixing. A strong modulation is observed for 1‐GW/cm2 pulses on InP, which demonstrates that the radiated FIR wave produced by bulk optical rectification is comparable to that generated by the transport of photoinjected carriers. Using the bulk rectification light as a clock, we show that more than 95% of the light produced from an InP (111) crystal by 100‐fs, 100‐μJ pulses is generated in a time shorter than the excitation pulse.


As I was reading through James Evans' excellent text, every so often I experienced a tingle of delight at the way in which ancient astronomers solved some of the most basic problems of diurnal and planetary motions – and in particular at the way the author so clearly led me to understand at each stage what they achieved and how they achieved it. In this context, ancient astronomy means the western Greek tradition, starting with the Babylonian and Egyptian astronomers, via the classical Greeks from the time of Eratosthenes and Aristarchus, through to the greatest astronomer of all, Claudius Ptolemy.


This chapter provides an overview of the development of the legislation and fundamental rights that affect disabled people in everyday life. It explores the interdependency of rights and legislation, and considers the institutional practices that maintain societal inequality. Finally, it evaluates the current legislation and considers what still needs to be done in order to promote equal rights and treatment for all.


Measurement of ocean surface salinity (SSS) dynamics from space involve precise determination of the dielectric characteristics of seawater through low-noise passive microwave (MW) radiometer measurement of the oceans brightness temperature (TB), optimally performed at a low frequency near 1.4 GHz (L-band). The future SMOS mission is based on such principles and will aim at retrieving SSS with an accuracy of the order of 0.1 psu (practical salinity units). This represents numerous engineering and scientific challenges, in particular because competing terms carried in the ocean TB measurements, foremost being sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean surface roughness, must be accounted for in a new and more robust manner. Prior to launch, we analyze the sensitivity of the future measurements to these factors by looking at somewhat higher frequency C and X-band data (6.8 and 10.7 versus the L-band 1.4 GHz) that are readily available from several recent MW imagers (AMSR-E, TMI, WindSAT). The shift to C and X-bands lowers TB sensitivity to changes in salinity by a large factor of 10-20. To compensate, we performed our study over the Amazon plume region where there are large (100-200 km) and persistent salinity contrasts that exceed the 0.1 psu science salinity requirement by a factor of 10-40 [1]-[2]. This region is of great importance within the salinity mission context due to the large freshwater flux and northward propagating eddies from retroreflection of the North Brazil Current (NBC). The validity of the emissivity/scattering models developed for SMOS at L-band are analyzed at these higher frequencies and our ability to detect these world largest salinity gradients is assessed.


Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) is a popular standard to interface the Radio Equipment Control (REC) and the Radio Equipment (RE) in the fronthaul of 5G systems. However, CPRI is expensive to deploy, consumes high bandwidth and, currently, is statically configured. Reconfigurability is highly desirable in 5G systems, and can be classified into two categories: network and bandwidth reconfigurability. This paper gives an overview of advantages, and issues of providing fronthaul reconfigurability along with the advantages and drawbacks of an Ethernet-based fronthaul. Having CPRI protocol run over ubiquitous Ethernet protocol makes CPRI cost-efficient and easily reconfigurable for a dynamic scenario. An FPGA-based pre-synthesis Verilog simulation on Ethernet encapsulation of CPRI data gives the estimate of delay overhead and, correspondingly, of the distances supported by Ethernet-based fronthaul.


Polycrystalline Cu7Te4 dendritic microstructures were successfully synthesized via a simple galvanostatic electrochemical deposition method at room temperature, employing a mixed solution containing Cu(CH3COO)2, Na2TeO3, and nitric acid as the electrolyte. Cu7Te4 dendrites were deposited at the current of 16 mA for 5 min. The phase and morphology of the as-prepared product were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), (high-resolution) transmission electron microscopy (HR/TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Some factors influencing the formation of dendritic Cu7Te4 microstructures were systematically investigated, including the depositing currents, complexants, surfactants, original amounts of Cu(CH3COO)2, and Cu2+ ion sources. Experiments showed that the low deposition current and the concentration of Cu(CH3COO)2 were unfavorable for the formation of dendritic Cu7Te4 microstructures constructed by nanoparticles. A time-dependent shape evolu...


H. Madhusoodanan, E.L. Jansen, R. Rolfes Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Institute of Structural Analysis, Appelstrasse 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany Abstract In the last decades there has been a lot of research activity in the field of modeling the fatigue behavior of FRPs. The models investigated can be classified in three groups: The first group is fatigue life concepts, which are linear and of purely empirical nature. The second group comprises the phenomenological models, which are based on empirically determined evolution laws concerning the degradation of stiffness or the strength of laminates. Progressive damage models, the third group, describe the progressive development of cracks or delaminations. Unfortunately, the consideration of a high number of load cycles is not possible with this type of models and their applicability to arbitrary structures is fairly restricted. A recently developed fatigue damage model, (FDM) [1], combines the advantages of the different groups and is closest to the second type of models. This FDM is physically motivated by using an approach that relates energy dissipated under quasi-static and the energy dissipated under cyclic loading. In this model, firstly, a discontinuous degradation is carried out by loading the structure quasi-statically. Calculated stresses are checked against the quasi-static Puck failure criterion [2] for fiber failure (FF) and inter-fiber failures (IFF) with inclined fracture surface. This is later followed by a continuous degradation, where each load cycle leads to a degradation of stiffness and strength. Fatigue phenomena such as stress redistributions and sequence effects can be analyzed with the FDM and also the degradation of stiffness and strength is layer based. In the present work, the FDM is used for numerical simulations of the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) behavior for specific reference cases. In particular, the reduction in bending Stiffness due to the fatigue damage is analyzed. Recently, experimental investigations for the VHCF behavior of GFRP specimens have been carried out using a four-point bending setup [3].  Results obtained from the numerical simulations and experiments are finally compared. References [1] Heiko Kruger and Raimund Rolfes: A physically based fatigue damage model for fibre-reinforced plastics under plane loading. In International Journal of Fatigue , Volume 70, January 2015, Pages 241–251. [2] A. Puck: Festigkeitsanalyse von Faser-Matrix-Laminaten – Modelle fur die Praxis. Carl Hanser Verlag (ISBN 3446181946) , Munich, 1996. [3] T.J. Adam and P. Horst: Experimental investigation of the very high cycle fatigue of GFRP [90/0]s cross-ply specimens subjected to high-frequency four-point bending. In Composites Science and Technology , Volume 101, 12 September 2014, Pages 62–70.


Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of Aroma inhalation therapy on test anxiety, stress and serum cortisol in nursing students. Methods: The study design was a pre posttest randomized design with a pre-survey, a 5-day experimental treatment (2012.11.17-21) and a post survey. Particip...


The increase in the number of computers and access to Internet in Canarian households suggests the necessity of studying the use that adolescents make of it, as well as its influence in their academic performance. 578 adolescents took part in a semi-structured interview on Internet use habits. The results showed that adolescents spend an average of two hours a day connected to Internet, with significant differences between males and females. The time invested in Internet is linked to the number of absences from school and subjects failed. However, there is no influence in the performance in subjects such as Linguistics and Maths.


In order to explore the composition of microorganisms in the bioleaching process,in terms of present research situation,advantages and disadvantages of conventional methods、 immunological methods and molecular biological methods for identification of bioleaching microorganisms is compared.It is pointed out that the use of modern molecular ecological methods can quickly identify bioleaching microorganisms,while the integration of several methods can get more comprehensive information about constitution and succession of bioleaching microorganisms.


In the course of the large excavation project Vindonissa-Vision Mitte (2006 – 2009) in the western civil settlement of the roman legionary fortress of Vindonissa (Switzerland) eleven cremation graves were found. Two of these graves contain relics of couches that were partly made of curved bones. This article will present the archaeological and the archaeozoological results of the analysis of one of these burials.


Based on the introduces of the necessity for He Dong's sewage treatment project of Xiangtan; the article analyses the technology,the cost,the Sensitivity factors of the cost,and the economic benefits of the project. At the same time,the article gives comprehensive evaluation for the project and makes recommendations for urban sewage treatment projects.


Applications and technology development status of silent type diesel generating sets in foreign countries are analyzed based on the design requirements of silent type diesel generating sets.The key technology and the need for breakthrough technology bottleneck of water-cooled muffler are analyzed.


Introduction: This study explored the black box of the "Happiness Route", a happiness-based positive psychology intervention for people predominantly suffering from loneliness, often as consequence of a chronic disease. A higher degree of the counselors" adherence to the intervention protocol as well as a happiness-oriented as opposed to a problem-oriented working style was thought to have beneficial effects on people"s well-being. Method: The investigated variables were: the participants" motivation, their level of trust bond to a counselor and the degree to which the participants found their passion through the intervention. All variables were assessed by the counselors. A total of N = 22 counselors attended to N = 34 participants in the Happiness Route condition, whereas N = 11 counselors attended to N = 37 participants in an active care as usual (CAU) control condition. The effect of protocol adherence and working styles respectively on all three investigated variables was examined within the Happiness Route condition. Finally, the two conditions were compared in regard of the participants" motivation and their level of trust bond to a counselor. Results: Univariate analyses of variance revealed a marginally significant effect of the counselors" protocol adherence on motivation, a significant effect on trust and no effect on passion. Next, Fisher"s r-to-z transformation displayed a significantly higher correlation coefficient between passion and a happiness-oriented working style than between passion and a problem-oriented working style. When comparing the two conditions, after correcting for the covariate number of sessions, the positive effect of the Happiness Route on motivation remained significant, whereas the effect on trust became non-significant, suggesting no difference between the Happiness Route and the active CAU condition for latter variable. Discussion: The findings were partly in line with the established hypotheses. Possible sources of bias coming forth from measuring participant variables through counselor indications are a limitation of this study. Future research could apply a different sort of data collection, or assess the effects of specific counselor methods. In practice, the importance of protocol adherence should be emphasized, working happiness-oriented should be promoted, and a higher number of sessions should be made obligatory. In conclusion, promising effects of the Happiness Route could be demonstrated.


The article is dedicated to the challenges of teaching «Reading fiction» to foreign learners. The author considers the stages of cross-cultural communicative competence development in foreign students learning the Russian language. The materials for studying B.L.Pasternak's. poem "Hoar-frost" are presented in the article.


AbstractOnce virtually unheard of in adolescents and children, type 2 diabetes is rapidly becoming a significant paediatric problem. However, insulin resistance may precede the onset of diabetes by several years, and may be acquired early in life, when it is potentially reversible. The EarlyBird Study is following a group of healthy young children as they grow, aiming to establish why some children, but not others, will go on to develop insulin resistance. A total of 300 children and their parents were recruited into a prospective cohort study at the age of five years (2000/2001). Annual measures include height, weight, body composition, physical activity, resting energy expenditure, blood pressure, fasting insulin, glucose and lipids. Insulin resistance is calculated by HOMA-IR. Annual follow up is planned for twelve years, until the children are aged 16 years.Results in this paper are reported on the first four study years (children aged five to eight years): (1) The proportion of overweight and obese c...


Pure and ultrafine cubic ZnAl2O4 doped with Mn 2+ ions were prepared at a low temperature below 80 °C by a sol-gel process. The dopant (Mn) concentrations and Zn/catalyst mole ration in a solution were varied. The gel, as prepared and heat-treated powder samples were characterized by thermogravimatric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS) and photoluminescence (PL). The TGA confirmed that the minimum annealing temperature to obtain pure and single phase ZnAl2O4 must be above 400 C in order to remove organic residues. The XRD data revealed that all the heat-treated samples were single phase crystalline structures and the estimated crystaline sizes were in the range of 3-65 nm in diameter. The surface morphology of the phosphors was influenced by the Mn dopant concentration and Zn/catalyst mole ratio in the solution. EDS confirmed the presence of the expected elements. PL spectra indicated that the position of the peak changed depending on the Mn content and 0.25 mol% had the highest intensity centred at 510 nm. The mole ratio of Zn/catalyst = 1.33 had the highest intensity centred at 435 nm.


A new species of Begonia ( Begoniaceae ), B. varipeltata D.C.Thomas, is described from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. It exhibits peltate leaves, which are rare in Begonia section Petermannia , to which it belongs.


This paper treats the time-harmonic electro-magnetic scattering or radiation problem governed by Maxwell's equations in an exterior weak Lipschitz domain divided into two disjoint weak Lipschitz parts We will present a solution theory using the framework of polynomially weighted Sobolev spaces for the rotation and divergence. We will show a Fredholm alternative type result to hold using the principle of limiting absorption introduced by Eidus in the 1960's. The necessary a-priori-estimate and polynomial decay of eigenfunctions for the Maxwell equations will be obtained by transferring well known results for the Helmholtz equation using a suitable decomposition of the electro-magnetic fields. The crucial point for existence is a local version of Weck's selection theorem, also called Maxwell compactness property.


This paper discusses the issue of finding patents relevant to a given technology. This, of course, is a mandatory step if you are getting a patent, but (as the authors point out) is also useful for various tasks in the study of technology. Most nations provide the ability to search patents electronically (e


The controllable subspace and its dimension of a structured linear system vary as a function of the free parameters. However, the dimension is stable in the sense that it takes, for almost any system parameters, some maximal constant which is the generic rank of the controllability matrix. In this paper, this maximal constant is called the generic dimension of the controllable subspace. Two simple methods for determining generic dimensions of controllable subspaces are derived. As an application, the results are applied to the determination of system types of linear multivariable unity feedback systems.


The motor system is becoming increasingly recognized as an important site of disruptions in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the precise nature of this motor disruption remains unclear with some conflicted reports between papers. A bottleneck in kinematic studies of children with ASD has been the use of laboratory-based motion tracking systems and experimental paradigms that require didactic instructions. Thus, we employed an attractive smart tablet gameplay methodology to engage children's interest without complicated verbal instruction. Children's movements on the touch screen were recorded as they engaged in gameplay of their own volition, enabling improved ecological validity in data capture. Swipe kinematics were computed from two games that afforded goal-directed and free-style scribbling, respectively. 82 children aged 2-6 years were tested, including 37 children with ASD and 45 typically developing (TD) children. Kinematic analyses revealed significant age, group, and task differences. In comparison to aged-matched TD children, children with ASD under 5 years old performed faster goal-directed movements, whereas those over 5 years old performed slower goal-directed movements. In contrast, children with ASD moved faster than TD children irrespective of age during creative scribbling. Interestingly, movement speed increased with age in TD children in both game contexts, likely due to motor skill and confidence development, but this was not true for children with ASD, who moved slower in the case of goal-directed swipes or with no difference in the case of creative scribbling. These findings support emerging evidence for differences in maturation of visuomotor integration in preschool children with ASD.


For a decade, News and Notes, including Sands of Time and In Memoriam, has been organized and edited by yours truly. Now before my own In Memoriam, it is time to pass the trowel/field notes on to the very capable Jennifer Darcangelo (firstname.lastname@example.com), whose first issue with California Archaeology will be 11(1). Remaining with her will be Mike Moratto, who has so admirably shepherded Sands of Time. From the first In Memoriam for Glen B. Wilson to the last herein for Georgie Waugh, we have honored 51 of our colleagues who have passed. Sands of Time has commemorated eight giants (some with their partners) in California archaeology beginning with Heizer and moving through Treganza, Meighan, the Fredericksons, Fenenga, Riddell, Baumhoff, and the Wallaces. We have presented data ranging from red light districts in a Chinese community and ancient fertility images to Lone Woman's Cave and the mid-Holocene Gap. When Mark Allen tapped Terry Jones to be the first editor of California Archaeology, no one knew what the product would be. Ten years later, we have a world-class peer-reviewed journal that informs not only our membership but the larger archaeological community. Well done, Dr. Jones, and thank you ever so much for asking me to create this News and Notes column. It has been ten years well spent. Shelly Davis-King (firstname.lastname@example.com)


This article looks at the literary dimension that emerges from Georges Bataille, a perte de vue, a film made by Labarthe in 1997 for the "Un siecle d'ecrivains" collection. It will analyze the resolutely literary narrative device put in place by Labarthe in his film. The narrative structure, presented in the film, will be studied and the elements that contribute to the emergence of the literary will be evoked. Labarthe proposes an approach to the fundamental concepts inherent in the fictions of Bataille, which will be the subject of reflection in order to highlight the director's work of re-creating the literary universe of Bataille. The objective of this article is to show that the narrativization strategies that Labarthe deploys in his filmic narrative contribute to restoring Bataille's literality.


In the past years several researchers have called attention to the decline of the rate of return on capital. The difference of these investigations is based on the following items: 1. the country for which the investigation is carried out; 2. the period of time covered by the investigation; 3. the computation of nominal or real rates of return; 4. the reference to equity or total capital and to return before taxes or after taxes; 5. the derivation of the results from macroeconomic data or firm data. A decline of the rate of return on capital has been stated by Nordhaus (7) for the United States from 1948 to 1973, by King (4) for the United Kingdom from 1956 to 1973, and by Albach, Geisen, and Scholten (2) for the Federal Republic of Germany from 1960 to 1974 …


A white light emitting diode device, is constituted by a light emitting diode element and the ceramic composite body emits violet light wavelength 400nm to 419nm, the ceramic composite is the cerium-activated Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce) crystals and the α-alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) crystals are arranged continuously and three-dimensionally entangled with each other exist solidified body, having a portion of the wavelength conversion violet light to become yellow light fluorescence characteristics, but also has the function of transmitting portion of violet light with a yellow wavelength conversion performed by the ceramic composite by light transmitted through the mixing of the ceramic composite violet light, the analog emit white light.


When a student, many can recall learning about the chemostat originated by Jacques Monod, which he described in "Recherches sur la Croissance des Cultures Bacte riennes." It was intriguing and easy to make a link between cell cultivation at a chosen dilution rate and the continuous stirred tank reactor of classical chemical engineering. One could learn more by reading the symposia held in Prague on continuous culture. There experimentation and theory were further developed and described. The implementation of the chemostat as a tool and continuous production notions, however, has largely resided in the minds and efforts of academics, population ecologists, and strain evolvers. Assuring tight product quality and the challenges of actually implementing a completely continuous process meant that aggregating discrete batch processes and managing their transient inventories is how biotechnology first got off the ground. Now as scale and competition increasingly shape the future of biotechnology in tandem with the basic engine of fundamental discovery, the interest in achieving continuous bioprocessing is growing. In November 2015, the 2 conference in the Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing series of Engineering Conferences International was held in Berkeley CA. This meeting brought together academic and industrial workers to share the issues and progress associated with achieving truly continuous bioprocessing. With even a modest amount of rumination, one can foresee that the challenges of linking discrete and different time scale processes such as cell growth and product isolation are considerable. Thus, much work was shared and many aspects were covered at the conference. This issue contains a special section devoted to these important technological and logistical issues. Most of the papers are work that was presented at the conference. In the process of putting the collection together, some workers with notable experience in the field submitted papers that were highly relevant; hence, all agreed that the inclusion of these additional papers was unquestionably merited. The section has four components. To set the stage, readers are first referred to contributions such as


Open basin resonant modes have been observed at tidal frequencies on coastal shelves, but their excitation on coral reef platforms has only been suggested. The topography of and water depth over most fringing reefs correspond to resonant periods that are the order of tens of minutes and fall outside of the energetic part of the wave spectrum. During tropical storm Man‐Yi, low frequency near resonant oscillations dominated the variance of the sea surface elevation at the shoreline of Ipan reef, Guam. The excitation of the resonant modes resulted both from a large increase in water level over the reef due to wave setup, which increased the resonant frequencies, and the occurrence of wave group forcing with time scales commensurate with these increased resonant frequencies.


Emission pathways that are consistent with meeting the Paris Agreement goal of holding global mean temperature rise well below 2 °C often assume a temperature overshoot. In such overshoot scenarios, a given temperature limit is first exceeded and later returned to, under the assumption of large‐scale deliberate carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Here we show that although such strategy might result in a reversal of global mean temperature, the carbon cycle exhibits path dependence. After an overshoot, more carbon is stored in the ocean and less on land compared to a scenario with the same cumulative CO2 emissions but no overshoot. The near‐path independence of surface air temperature arises despite the path dependence in the carbon cycle, as it is offset by path dependence in the thermal response of the ocean. Such behavior has important implications for carbon budgets (i.e. the total amount of CO2 emissions consistent with holding warming to a given level), which do not differ much among scenarios that entail different levels of overshoot. Therefore, the concept of a carbon budget remains robust for scenarios with low levels of overshoot (up to 300 Pg C overshoot considered here) but should be used with caution for higher levels of overshoot, particularly for limiting the environmental change in dimensions other than global mean temperature rise.


A 71-year-old gentleman, non-smoker, non-diabetic, recently detected hypertensive presented with progressively increasing angina over the last 3 years. His electrocardiogram showed left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Echocardiography also showed mild LVH with normal ejection fraction. His treadmill test was strongly positive for reversible myocardial ischaemia with changes persisting in recovery. His routine biochemical parameters were within normal limits. His coronary angiogram revealed Anomalous Left Circumflex Coronary Artery from Pulmonary Artery (ALXCAPA) (Figure 1 and Supplementary material online, Videos S1 and S2). His right coronary artery was normal. His coronary computed tomography angiography confirmed the findings and did not show any malignant course of the left circumflex artery (LCX) (Figure 2). Shriki et al. divided coronary artery anomalies into (i) haemodynamically significant anomalies, which may be associated with shunting, ischaemia, or sudden cardiac death and (ii) anomalies that are usually not haemodynamically significant. Haemodynamically


: The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) raw data generator is required to the evaluation of focusing algorithms, moving target analysis, and hardware design. The time-domain SAR simulator can generate the accurate raw data but it needs much time. The frequency-domain simulator not only increases the efficiency but also considers the trajectory deviations of the radar. In addition, the raw signal of the extended scene included static and moving targets can be generated by some frequency-domain simulators. However, the existing simulators concentrate on the raw signal simulation of the static extended scene and moving targets at uniform speed mostly. As for the issue, the two-dimensional signal spectrum of moving targets with constant acceleration can be derived accurately based on the geometric model of a side-looking SAR and reversion of series. And a frequency-domain algorithm for SAR echo signal simulation is presented based on the two-dimensional signal spectrum. The raw data generated with proposed method is verified by several simulation experiments. In addition to reveal the efficiency of the presented frequency-domain SAR scene simulator, the computational complexity of the proposed method is compared with the time-domain approach using the complex multiplication. Numerical results demonstrate that the present method can reduce the computational time significantly without accuracy loss while simulating SAR raw data.


Increasing pasteurization times and temperatures resulted decreasing yield stress and consistence index and increasing flow-behaviour index. The values of a time-dependent parameter which reflects the structural destruction rate were smaller for the pasteurized product than for the fresh product. Sensory tests aimed at comparing the colour, odour, flavour and texture of the products, showed that the products which differed most from the fresh product were those that had been pasteurized for the longest time and at the highest temperatures


Polarisation-independent all-optical demultiplexing at 160 Gbit/s, using single-pump four-wave mixing in a birefringent nonlinear fibre, is experimentally demonstrated. A maximum power penalty of 3.1 dB is observed for polarisation scrambled data.


Purpose: Recently, various boronated porphyrins have been shown to preferentially target a variety of tumour types. Of the different porphyrins evaluated, copper tetra-phenyl-carboranyl porphyrin (CuTCPH) is a strong candidate for future preclinical evaluation. In the present study, the responses of two critical normal tissues, skin and central nervous system (CNS), to boron neutron capture (BNC) irradiation in the presence of this porphyrin were evaluated. Materials and methods: Standard models for the skin and spinal cord of adult male Fischer 344 rats were used. CuTCPH was administered by intravenous infusion at a dose of 200 mg kgm 1 body weight, over 48 h. The thermal beam at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor was used for the BNC irradiations. The 20-mm diameter irradiation field, for both the skin and the spinal cord, was located on the mid-dorsal line of the neck. Dose-response data were fitted using probit analysis and the doses required to produce a 50% incidence rate of early and late skin changes or myeloparesis (ED 50 - SE) were calculated from these curves. Results: Biodistribution studies indicated very low levels of boron (<3 µ;g gm 1) in the blood 3 days after the administration of CuTCPH. This was the time point selected for radiation exposure in the radiobiological studies. Levels of boron in the CNS were also low (2.8 - 0.6 µ;g gm 1) after 3 days. However, the concentration of boron in the skin was considerably higher at 22.7 - 2.6 µ;g gm 1. Single radiation exposures were carried out using a thermal neutron beam. The impact of CuTCPH-mediated BNC irradiation on the normal skin and CNS at therapeutically effective exposure times was minimal. This was primarily due to the very low blood boron levels (from CuTCPH) at the time of irradiation. Analysis of the relevant dose-effect data gave compound biological effectiveness factors of about 1.8 for skin (moist desquamation) and about 4.4 for spinal cord (myeloparesis) for CuTCPH. These values were based on the BNC radiation doses to tissues calculated using the blood boron levels at the time of irradiation. Conclusions: CuTCPH-mediated BNC irradiation will not cause significant damage to skin and CNS at clinically relevant radiation doses provided that blood boron levels are low at the time of radiation exposure.


The invention discloses a B ultrasound positioning and puncturing support. A positioning main part is in a sector shape with the center of a circle removed, and a groove is formed in the positioning main part. An opening of the groove faces the center of the circle, and threaded holes which penetrate through the upper face and the lower face of the main part are formed in the two ends of a sector-shaped part. A positioning chip is in a sector shape with the center of a circle removed, a plurality of needle channels are formed in the surface of the positioning chip, one ends of the needle channels face the center of the circle, and threaded holes are formed in one ends of a sector part of the positioning chip. The positioning chip can be integrally inserted into the groove of the positioning main part, and in the inserting process, the threaded hole in one end of the positioning main part corresponds to the threaded hole in one end of the positioning chip in position. Threaded holes are formed in one ends of two clamping plates, the ends with the threaded holes of the two clamping plates can be inserted from the opening part of the groove in the sector-shaped side face of the positioning main part, and after being inserted, the threaded holes of the two clamping plates correspond to the threaded hole in the other end of the positioning main part in position. The B ultrasound positioning and puncturing support has the advantages of being capable of compatible with puncture needles of various specifications, capable of enabling the puncture needles to do not need extra software and auxiliary lines for being matched for guiding, and convenient to use.


The medical management of peptic ulcer pharmacologically is, in the final analysis, concerned largely with the inhibition of peptic activity. From the clinical standpoint, the ideal antisecretory drug for the treatment of patients with peptic ulcer would be one that consistently inactivates pepsin or completely inhibits its secretion or inhibits the output of hydrochloric acid so as to maintain a p H of the gastric contents above 4.5 for long periods after its oral ingestion. At p H 4.5, peptic activity is reduced to a minimum. 1 In addition, it should produce no or only minimal side-effects, induce no tolerance, and be inexpensive. In recent years, many anticholinergic compounds have appeared on the market together with literature to support their claims of acid antisecretory action in man. Yet, one must be impressed with the conflicting results regarding their effectiveness obtained by different investigators. Some reasons for the divergent results may be recognized.


Introduction: Intertrochanteric femur fracture is one of the most common fractures of the hip especially in the elderly with osteoporotic bones, usually due to trivial trauma. Age of patient, osteoporosis, general health, associated co-morbidities are some of the key factors to be considered for the successful treatment of these fractures. Materials and Methods: In our institution, we have selected 24 cases of unstable intertrochanteric fractures for this prospective study. All cases enrolled were managed with the proximal femoral nail. These cases were studied from the mechanism of injury, classification, and treatment with the proximal femoral nail and their surgical and functional outcome with or without residual comp. Results: Patients were followed up for an average period of 8.58 months. The mean Harris hip score was 88.75 at 6th month. The score was excellent in 12 patients, good in 10 patients, fair in 1 patient and poor in 1 patient. In our study of 24 patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture, the average age incidence was 54.64 years. In the present study male: female was 5:3. Conclusion: In unstable proximal femur fractures, PFN is a significant advancement in the treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures which has the unique advantages of closed reduction, preservation of fracture hematoma, less tissue damage, early rehabilitation and early return to work.


We use the principle of almost orthogonality to give a new and simple proof that a sparse Lerner operator is bounded on a operatorweighted space L2W (μ), where μ is a locally finite positive measure on R if and only if the weight W satisfies the Muckenhoupt A2(μ)condition, restricted to the sparse collection in question. Our method extends to the infinite-dimensional setting, thus allowing for applications to the multi-parameter setting. For the class of Muckenhoupt A2-weights, we obtain bounds in terms of mixed A2(μ)-A∞(μ)conditions, which is independent of dimension and agrees with the best known bound in the finite-dimensional vectorial setting. As an application, we provide an operator-weighted bound for the (maximal) Bergman projection, where we obtain a new sharp bound in terms of the Békollé-Bonami characteristic. Furthermore, we consider commutators of sparse Lerner operators on operator-valued weighted L-spaces and some applications to multi-parameters.