Electric vehicles were invented as an alternative to save fuel and to make more environment-friendly vehicles. With the increase in pricing for fuels, all are looking at effective alternatives for fuelled vehicles. Although electric vehicles [EV] are alternatives for our daily means of travel, they have not been very effective with the distance we can travel by fully charging them. The problem with EV is that once fully charged they may run for about 60 km. But considering our society, most of us travel more than 60 km every day. An alternate EV will make a better future. In this project we have aimed at making EVs more efficient and effective for normal usage. We have implemented a prototype of a new circuit with two batteries where each battery works alternatively. Apart from this, we have used solar panels to charge these batteries with solar energy.


PURPOSEColon cancer has been reported to occur early in certain African regions, but our understanding of the genetic modifications that lead to early disease is incomplete. We aimed to study cases...


The peanut protein and the peanut texture protein were chemical crosslinking modified by glutaraldehyde.The influence to the gel property was studied.The texture properties of gel were determined by texture analyzer.The results showed that the hardness and springiness of the gel modified from peanut texture protein were superior to that from peanut protein.The optimal conditions for peanut texture protein to form gel was that the concentration of peanut texture protein 18%(50 mL),the amount of glutaraldehyde(25%) 1.0 mL,the temperature 65℃ and the pH value 12.Under this condition,the hardness and springiness of the gel were 179.803 g/cm2 and 0.948,respectively.


Let D be a Noetherian domain, D' its integral closure, and Int(D) its ring of integer-valued polynomials in a single variable. It is shown that, if D' has a maximal ideal M' of height one for which D'/M' is a finite field, then Int(D) is not Noetherian; indeed, if M' is the only maximal ideal of D' lying over M' ∩ D, then not even Spec(Int(D)) is Noetherian. On the other hand, if every height-one maximal ideal of D' has infinite residue field, then a sufficient condition for Int(D) to be Noetherian is that the global transform of D is a finitely generated D-module


Combining with bridge drilling pile construction practice of big bid section at Guangdong section of Xia-Shen railway,this paper summarizes karst cave treatment technology in bridge construction in karst area,and points out reasonable and effective measures to deal with karst cave according to location condition,so as to guarantee construction schedule while saving cost.


Shosoin Treasure House owns a manuscript copy of Prefaces to Poems by Wang Bo. It is dated 707 (the 4th year of the Keiun era) and from the Zetian characters (Chinese characters mandated by Empress Wu) used in the text, we can ascertain that the copy was produced after the death of Wang Bo. An introduction by Yang Jiong was added to the preface of the original The Collected Works of Wang Bo. If we compare this copy with China's existing collections of essays such as the Longqing version of Wenyuan yinghua (Blossoms and flowers of the literature garden) and Jiang Qingyi's Wang Bo Ji zhu (Annotations to Wang Bo's Collected Works), we can discover its textual differences.It is possible to restore The Collected Works of Wang Bo to their original state by examining the similarities and differences in the texts. The author first uses Wang Bo's most famous work "Preface to Poems Composed on Ascending the Pavilion of the Prince of Teng in Hong Prefecture on an Autumn Day for a Farewell Feast" (hereafter "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng") as an example of how such analysis can be conducted. Research on "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng" has been published in an article by Huang Renke in Journal of Chinese Literary Studies (Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Literature 1984). The article contains detailed analysis of the "Preface." However, it does not discuss the copy held in Shosoin Treasure House. Chen Weiqiang's article "Collation Notes on Wang Bo's 'Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng' and a preliminary study of the scroll version of Prefaces to Poems by Wang Bo preserved in Japan" in Bibliography Quarterly (Vol. 35, Issue 3, 2001) will also be considered and discussed.


An experimental investigation was performed on the effect of injection strategy on the combustion, exhaust emissions characteristics and the particle size distribution in a direct-injection (DI) compression ignition engine fueled with biodiesel-ethanol blended fuel. The results obtained from the experiment of the particle distributions for the blended fuel are compared to that of diesel fuel. In addition to the distribution of the particles, exhaust emissions such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx ), hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and combustion characteristics under different engine operating parameters were investigated. The engine operating parameters in terms of injection timing and injection strategy were varied to investigate the combustion and emission reduction of biodiesel and ethanol blended fuel. The results show that multiple injection strategy of biodiesel-ethanol blended is beneficial to reduce NOx emissions significantly without significant increase of soot emission. In multiple injection strategy, as the first injection mass was increased, the larger size particles were increased, however total numbers of particles were reduced. Biodiesel-ethanol blended fuel reduced particle concentration of relatively large size compared to the particles concentration of ULSD. Moreover, dramatically lower NOx and soot emissions were found at the blend fueled with engine at the same injection condition.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


For an efficient wireless charging to multiple devices, transmitter (TX) system should be able to control the transmitting power-level by monitoring number of receiver (RX) devices via their identification information and charging status and capacity of each receivers. This work proposes a one-way in-band communication scheme, corresponding system structure, and charging algorithm for efficient one-to-N wireless charging system, which has been verified experimentally.


David L Ryan/Boston Globe/Getty Images

Members of staff kneel during a vigil on the lawn of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, on 5 June as part of global Black Lives Matter protests against racial injustice and in memory of George Floyd, killed by the police in Minneapolis on 25 May.

Protests also took part in the UK, …


W e read with great interest the article by Leng and coworkers entitled "Sleep Quality and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older People With Subjective Cognitive Decline,MildCognitive Impairment, andAlzheimer Disease" (Leng et al., 2020). There have been an increasing number of studies regarding the interplay between sleep quality, cognition, and dementia in the last decades (Pinto et al., 2016). Despite any alleged difficulty in evaluating sleep, objective instruments suitable for clinical research are widely accessible nowadays and include options such as polysomnography and actigraphy, the latter being a rather low-cost option with a good effectiveness (Camargos et al., 2013). Subjective instruments such as questionnaires are important instruments for the assessment of sleep complaints in the clinical practice. However, some assumptions need attention. First, it is important to make sure that the test was validated in the population and, to that particular purpose, to assess sleep quality, total sleep time, and sleep latency, among others. Second, it is mandatory that the instrument bears internal consistency and a reliability coefficient to the population under evaluation. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is an effective instrument designed to


144 To imagine how the first writing action of the first men was suggests that these primates unconsciously made use of an immanence: the mimetic function, which initiates imitation. Imitation is possible because it is an inherent dimension of desire, the desire to represent the object as a known fact, how it appears as a sign1 and how it is upgraded to the category of a signal or a symbol. In these early groups there were people who took the lead in the effort to contemplate and to think, to produce results of knowledge. These aborigines made and then taught solutions achieved for the benefit of the clan. Put in another way, the subject who takes the initiative of the collective desire, which in


when the surface of stainless steel is oxidized by chemical and electrochemical means and technology,there produces passivating film which can not only protect metals from corrosion but produce light interference.So the stainless steel is no longer single silvery white,but shows color such as red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo and purple etc.As a result,the application of stainless steel is expanded.


Abstract The effect of initial grain size on the evolved ferrite grain size during high Z large strain deformation was studied in ultralow carbon steel with two widely varying initial microstructures: a coarse grained (200 μm) and an ultrafine grained (0·7 μm) microstructures. Plane strain compression was used for imposing large strain in the test specimen and a thermomechanical simulator was used for varying the strain rate and temperature precisely. Electron backscattered diffraction was used for the analysis of deformed microstructure and for grain size measurements. Deformation conditions were varied to cover wide range of Zener–Hollomon parameters. It was noted that the evolved ferrite grain size solely depends on the Zener–Hollomon parameter and does not depend on the initial grain size. The relation d=10Z–0·12 (Q gb=155 kJ mol–1) was obtained for two initial microstructures with grain sizes varying by three orders of magnitude.


Graduate medical education programs shifted to an all-virtual recruitment in 2020. There is little published on the impact of this shift on the demographics of applicants, particularly in a field such as infectious disease where there are typically fewer applicants than available spots. Program directors were forced to make a radical change to their typical recruitment process. This study illustrates a single-center experience with virtual ID fellowship interviewing.

 Using the Program Director Work Station on Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS), we reviewed our program specific data from 2018-2021. We extracted the total number of applicants, the self-identified race/ethnicity of the applicants, their medical school type (US MD grad, DO grad, Non-US grad), their sex, and their location. We used simple descriptive statistics to identify trends and comparisons from in-person interviewing (2018 and 2019) and virtual interviewing (2020 and 2021).

 The number of virtual ID fellowship applicants to our program increased in 2021 by 24% compared to in-person applicants in 2019 (123 vs. 99). This exceeds what a program would expect from the 13% nation-wide increase in ID applicants in 2021 as there were a record 404 total applicants compared to 356 total applicants in 2019 We also saw an increase in Black or African American applicants; 13 Black applicants in 2021 compared to 2 Black applicants in 2019. We saw a stable rate of applicants who self-identified Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin; 18 in 2019 and 17 in 2021. as Notably, we also saw an increase in geographic diversity of our applicants as we drew applicants from 22 states in 2019 (Figure 1a) and 35 states in 2021 (Figure 1b). Additionally, in 2020 we matched two applicants from geographically distant states (Ohio and Colorado) and in 2021 we matched one (Mississippi). Figure 1aFigure 1b

 Virtual interviewing was advantageous for our infectious disease fellowship program at Temple University. We saw a 24% increase in applicants, had more Black applicants and more geographic diversity in our applicants. Furthermore, we were able to recruit these applicants into matched fellows.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures.


In recent years, e-Government interoperability has been a fascinating research and development area in order to facilitate the seamless exchange of information across government sectors. Many researchers have focused on the designing/adopting of Government Interoperability Frameworks (GIFs) and of Enterprise Architectures (EAs) for implementing the interoperability. However, merely adopting the GIFs and EAs would be insufficient since there have been several strong obstacles and barriers on the road to its achievement in the field of e-Government, such as human, semantic and technical issues. In fact, the successful implementation in government interoperability needs more practical and implementable approach. This paper firstly describes those obstacles and barriers with the solution and guideline to overcome them. We propose towards more practical approach covering three dimensions of interoperability: Business, Semantic, and Technical. The approach, is called 'Interoperability Practical Implementation Support (IPIS)', considers the adoption/development of integrated three components: a set of tools, an interoperability repository, and a knowledge based system. The set of tools were designed to supporting the three interoperability perspectives; the tool for modeling/specifying business processes of an organization based on UMM, the semantic tool for standardizing/harmonizing data based on UN/CEFACT CCTS, XML Naming and Design Rules, and Recommend 34, and the technical standards usage support tool. For reusability, the IPIS was designed by considering the adaptation of five interoperability repositories: business process, data standardized set, XML Schema standard, web services and technical standards. The knowledge based system integrates the knowledge resources that consist of a collection of best practice cases, ontological concepts in semantic technologies, and the related frameworks. The paper presents the overall methodology and the architecture of IPIS with the three components. By adopting the IPIS, the design, development and implementation of interoperable systems in e-Government can be practically addressed.


Object tracking in video sequences has broad applications in both military and civilian domains. However, as the length of input video sequence increases, a number of problems arise, such as severe object occlusion, object appearance variation, and object out-of-view (some portion or the entire object leaves the image space). To deal with these problems and identify the object being tracked from cluttered background, we present a robust appearance model using Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) and advanced integrated features consisting of the Felzenszwalb's Histogram of Oriented Gradients (FHOG) and color attributes. Since re-detection is essential in long-term tracking, we develop an effective object re-detection strategy based on moving area detection. We employ the popular kernel correlation filters in our algorithm design, which facilitates high-speed object tracking. Our evaluation using the CVPR2013 Object Tracking Benchmark (OTB2013) dataset illustrates that the proposed algorithm outperforms reference state-of-the-art trackers in various challenging scenarios.


Purpose – To present a study analyzing the intellectual performance of Greek listed corporations on the Athens Stock Exchange under the distinctive aspect of being a "globalized" or "localized" firm.Design/methodology/approach – Due to the used VAIC™ method the firm's performance is researched under its intellectual (IC) and physical (CA) aspect. The investigation confirms the existence of some semantic – added value‐based – performance differences by using predictor variables (discriminant analysis) and factors or "drivers" (factor analysis) influencing the actual "globalization status quo".Findings – States that "localized firms" are the distinct small technocratic, blue‐collar intellectual performers while the "globalized" ones are the large plutocratic, white‐collar intellectual performers.Research limitations/implications – There is a need to analyze data of more corporations and for a longer time period in order to prove clearly the assumptions of the VAIC™ method. Additional comparative research wi...


In this paper we present data concerning impurity sources and transport in a tokamak with a divertor and molybdenum first wall. A spectrometer, viewing visible and UV light, has been used to take time dependent spectra of C, 0, and Mo from both the divertor and the inner limiter surfaces. In the divertor the sputtering threshold for Mo is not normally reached (Te 25 eV). Chord measurements from four filtered photo-diode arrays have enabled us to invert the measured brightness profiles tomographically and obtain 2D emissivity information for Ha and CIII. The total C flux sputtered at the divertor target can be twice as high as from the inner wall surface, increasing with density to about 2x10 18 s-1. However, modeling the SOL, we find that the penetration efficiency for C is roughly 10 times smaller for the divertor than for the inner wall. Oxygen fluxes are generally observed to be 1/3 of the C flux. 11th PSI Conference, Mito , Japan, 1994


In the pedagogical theory concrete preconditions of scientific development of questions of realization in systems of preschool, school, additional and professional education developing, training and educational, and also socializing possibilities of the Internet as sociocultural phenomenon and modern social institute are put. At a boundary of the XX-XXI centuries influence of social processes of the Internet on activity of the person at insufficient reflection and support of this situation in an education system increases. In educational practice the Internet is perceived still often as simply a network of computers and the communication channels providing access to information and remote communications, instead of as the social institute having unconditional and perspective developing and educational (and not just training) potential. From V.A.Pleshakov and O.I.Voinova?s point of view, enrichment of education by possibilities of IKT, digital, computer and Internet technologies, cybermeans, and also transformation of many elements of pedagogical process in a cyberspace, leads to creation of the certain new system, the specific approach, allowing to systematize and describe educational activity of the teacher and the trainee in categories of the cyberontologic concept.


observed reaction is also doubtfully drug related, since there were no liver test abnormalities found. The dermatophytid (id) reaction was excluded by the following observations: First, clinical lesions of id reactions are typically intensely pruritic and develop quite distantly from the site of infection.6 In the present case, the patient denied pruritus, and the exacerbation involved the primary lesions without production of any new ones. Second, in id reactions, no fungal forms are recovered from the lesions; in the present case, the patient's lesions yielded fungal growth. Third, over the course of id reactions, no generalized symptoms (eg, fever), as seen in this patient, are normally observed. Altogether, this report presents an unusual case of a paradoxical reaction resembling, to some extent, the JHR, after treatment of dermatophyte infection with terbinafine.


This paper puts forward a novel hybrid permanent megnet brushless DC motor which adopts magnetic pole structure of surface insert type.Its characteristics is that the air-gap flux of the motor are the combination of permanent magnetic excitation and the electric excitation of the stator current under permanent magnetic pole.So it features combined characteristics of permanent magnetic brushless DC motor and series DC motor,which makes it suitable for electric automobiles.The paper puts emphasis on the unique structure and operating theory of the motor,meanwhile the paper analyze and calculate the field distribution and static features with finite-element method and takes test on a five-phase sample motor to verify the theory analysis.


The introduction of autonomous vehicles to consumer markets will expedite the trend of car-sharing and enable co-owning or co-leasing a car. In this paper, we consider a combinatorial auction market for fractional ownership of autonomous vehicles, which is unique in two aspects. First, items are neither pre-defined nor discrete; rather, items are continuous time slots defined by bidders. Second, the spatial information of bidders should be incorporated within the winner determination problem so that sharing a vehicle is indeed a viable plan. The consideration of spatial information increases the computational complexity significantly. We formulate the winner determination problem, which plays a critical role in various auction designs and pricing schemes, for both discreteand continuous-time settings. In terms of social welfare maximization, we show that the continuous-time model is superior to the discrete-time model. We provide a conflict-based reformulation of the continuous-time model, for which we develop an effective solution approach based on a heuristic and maximal-clique based reformulations. Using samples of the 2010–2012 California Household Travel Survey, we verify that the proposed solution methods provide effective computational tools for the combinatorial auction with bidder-defined items. Keyword: Fractional Ownership; Combinatorial Auction; Bidder-Defined Items; Clique


Lens models have been used extensively for the examination of human judgments. Applications of lens model have occurred in a variety of contexts including judgments of reading achievement, clinical diagnosis, and personality characteristics. Ratermediated writing assessments involve human judgments toward student essays. The judgmental process determines the quality of ratings, and this directly affects validity and fairness of ratings. Lens models provide a theoretical framework to evaluate rater judgment in rater-mediated assessments. Rasch measurement theory offers an alternative methodological approach for studying human judgments, and we propose combining Rasch measurement theory with a multifocal lens model. In order to illustrate our approach, the ratings of three expert raters and 20 operational raters from a state writing assessment program in the United States are examined in this study. There are only 35% of the students with comparable writing proficiency measures based on a comparison of ratings from operational raters and expert raters. The combination of a multifocal lens model with Rasch measurement theory offers a new pathway for understanding the quality of ratings for rater-mediated assessments.


This paper establishes the spatial kinematic model of the composite six-wheeled-legged robot according to its spatial motion, and simplifies the special motion postures so as to do the motion planning [1]. Furthermore, taking the slope obstacle as a typical example, it makes the analysis for the postures in the process of crossing the obstacle and optimizes the key postures in order to improve its obstacle negotiation capability to the safest and steadiest level. Then the analysis and optimization are verified by the simulation of the robot's obstacle-crossing motion for the vertical obstacle, the ditch obstacle and the slope obstacle.


Archangiopteris somai is an endangered species due to its rare population and distribution in narrow habitats. We investigated the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in two habitats of A. somai in Taiwan in order to understand the symbiosis mycorrhizal fungi composition of this endangered species. The results show that 10 AM fungi species of six genera were found in the two habitats. Abundant intraradical hyphae, vesicles and arbuscules were found in root samples, confirming the formation of mycorrhiza of A. somai with AM fungi.


This paper analyzes whether the registration of natural persons
in the State of Mexico is carried out in strict compliance
with the constitutional and conventional principles. For this,
it was necessary to study comparatively if said legal act happened
subject to the form that the legislation imposed or to the
protection of the will of the people, as a consequence of its
fundamental right recognized both in the national and international
legal order, derived from International Treaties that
the Mexican State has signed. The human right to the name,
in the State of Mexico, is contemplated for the benefit of the
people, although the same legislation is limiting, because to
constitute it, the organs of the State have interference, which,
we consider, violates the freedom of the people, since that establishes
what surnames should be used; act that contains in
itself a submission of the people and not the free exercise of
their fundamental rights.


A finite-element analysis of complex modes in a shielded image guide is presented. The method of analysis, free from spurious solutions, is based on a novel variational expression using only two field components. Results are given for the behavior of complex modes in the presence of varying frequency, permittivity, and losses. It is shown how the presence of losses in the dielectric insert causes the separation of the complex modes, which cease to be conjugates of each other. >


The domestic sewage from the intersection of city and countryside is becoming a significant pollution source to the Dianchi Lake.Surveys of the quality characteristics and the discharge dynamics of domestic sewage provides scientific basis for the development of pollution control strategies and the implementation of efficient environmental engineering.In this study,on-site surveys were continuously conducted in typical suburban villages of the Daqing River basin to reveal sewage water quality and its discharge pattern.The pollutant loading capacity of the experimental area was further estimated.Our results showed that:domestic sewage water of the study area was characterized by high concentrations of TN,TP and CODCr,and low ratio of BOD5/CODCr,indicating poor biodegradability of the sewage from these villages;higher pollutant contents in the sewage was monitored at 8:00 am and 18:00 pm as well;the sewage discharge was peaked at 10:00 am and 20:00 pm;except that CODCr of the sewage in work days was obviously higher than in the weekends,other water quality indicators showed no signif-icant differences between work days and weekends.The total pollutant load of the study area was higher in rainy season as compared with dry seasons.Particularly,soluble inorganic salts were discharged mainly in rainy season.Per capita pollution discharge was also higher in rainy season.Conclusively,per unit area pollution load of domestic sewage in the survey villages was in high risk;and the major daily pollution con-trol time periods should be in early mornings and evenings that reflect activities of human behavior.On the seasonal scales,rainy seasons should be greatly accounted for pollution control.


Treatment of [(PR3)2Rh(μ-Cl)]2 (R = Me or Et) with potassium oxapentadienide leads to the production of ((1−3-η)-5-oxapentadienyl)Rh(PR3)2 (1, R = Me; 2, R = Et) as equilibrium mixtures of anti and syn isomers. Similarly, treatment of [(PR3)2Rh(μ-Cl)]2 (R = Me, Et) with potassium 2,4-dimethyloxapentadienide generates ((1−3-η)-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxapentadienyl)Rh(PR3)2 (3, R = Me; 4, R = Et). Compounds 3 and 4 exist predominantly as the anti isomer but upon cooling exhibit two rotameric forms, the sickle-shaped and U-shaped rotamers. Treatment of 1 with an additional 1 equiv of PMe3 produces the 18e species ((1−3-η)-5-oxapentadienyl)Rh(PMe3)3 (5), which is stable at room temperature. In contrast, when 2 is treated with an additional 1 equiv of PEt3, no reaction can be detected by NMR at room temperature. However, upon cooling to −70 °C, the characteristic signals for the phosphine adduct ((1−3-η)-5-oxapentadienyl)Rh(PEt3)3 (6) are observed by NMR. Compound 3, like 1, reacts with an additional 1 equiv of PMe3 t...


Through a careful study of contemporary filmmakers such as Claire Denis, Lars von Trier and Apichatpong Weerasethakul, I analyze how cinema may resort to (syn)aesthetic strategies to critically perceive the experience of sociality in a manner that breaks from film theory's subjectivist resuppositions. I propose that as films move beyond the confines of the
individual (a carceral definition of identity) and enter into social practices they can produce alternate ways of living. Shifting their focus from the particular (instant) onto the field of (meta)physical entanglement, these filmmakers offer an aesthetic proposition of non-egoistic experience which unsettles many of film theory's assumptions about the status of the image.
Instead of asking how moving images stand in for an idea or a concept, my work confronts the question: How does cinema create ways of life that inspire us to imagine, think and feel sociality otherwise? I explore how film studies and affect theory converge to condition the end of the
world as we know (and image) it.
In this dissertation, I draw on film theory, affect theory as well as black studies to explore contemporary cinemas through what I call « trans-apparition. » Unlike relational aesthetics or participatory art, trans-apparition is not a category of art practice, but rather a conceptual tool that engages the interstices between body-images, the knot or tangle of differences. Breaking with traditional forms of perceptual experience, I focus on films that
initiate sociality and fugitivity. For example, in chapter three, I analyze the work of Apichatpong Weerasethakul in terms of the clamor that agitates his images without any goal but to dissolve the beating of time. Weerasethakul creates an atmosphere that cuts through his films particularistic tendencies. He does so by unsettling our habits of perception and by using a cut-up technique that foregrounds the nonlocality of differences.
The filmmakers I examine in Whereas use different approaches to elemental
entanglement, building on techniques of interdisciplinary practice to announce and make felt other ways of living, thinking and doing.


To address the problems of low carrying capacity and short life of bearings in current ring reducers,a new type of ring reducer is proposed which consists of a two-stepped transmission. One is a planetary transmission,and the other is an N-type planetary transmission with a low tooth number difference. Based on the analysis of structural features,the transmission principle,and a transmission load situation,a contact finite element model of the new type of ring reducer is set up,and the stress value and the actual pairs of meshing teeth are derived by calculation. Based on gear modification research theory,the second stage transmission gear pairs of the new reducer are modified on its teeth profiles. Results demonstrate that the load capacity of transmission gear pairs have been enhanced greatly.


The article deals with the history of the spread of the Palladian tradition in the architecture of the British colonies. The reasons why the spread of the architectural style was not ubiquitous are revealed in detail. A list of English colonial possessions and a brief description of the specific policy conditions that influenced the architecture development in each of the regions are given. Specific examples demonstrate the change processes in the Singapore architecture. The selfless activity of F.Raffles, the Governor of Singapore, who was passionate about A.Palladio's ideas in architecture, is described. Examples of projects of public buildings and private mansions are considered. Different periods of style transformation are highlighted; certain examples demonstrate the specific influence of local building materials, climate, public sentiment and social order on architecture. The question of the neoclassicism influence on Palladian architecture and the emergence of neo-Palladian design during the eclectic period is raised. Also, the description contains examples of architectural projects from other countries in the region, in particular Sri Lanka and Burma. Some of the examples go beyond the chronological period of the first half of the 19th century in order to demonstrate the establishment of the Palladian tradition in some countries of Southeast Asia. Colonial Palladianism is evaluated on the example of the architecture of Singapore and India.


This paper constructs five evaluation indexes, which are used to evaluate the influence of community opening on the traffic capacity of the surrounding roads, and compare the reachability of different types of communities before and after opening. First, the Floyd shortest path method and the corresponding formula are used to calculate the five measures of road traffic. Secondly, the PCA algorithm is used to evaluate the road traffic before and after the opening of different communities. The changes of the indicators before and after the opening of the community are analyzed, and the rationality of the PCA sorting results is tested. Finally, based on the density of the detours and straight roads in the district, three types of communities are selected from the urban road traffic network design in the core area of Chenggong New District, Kunming. The shortest path matrix can be used to compare the external road traffic before and after the opening of the district, and the impact of the established reachability of the road network on the three types of community was evaluated.


In a recent State of Innovation report by CB Insights, nearly 700 corporate strategy executives were interviewed on how they fuel and stoke innovation within their organisations. Despite 41% of the respondents admitting that their firms are 'at extreme risk of disruption', 78% of innovation portfolios are allocated to continuous innovation instead of disruptive risks. The conclusion: C-suite execs are talking the talk, but still not walking the walk. What's more concerning is that they are well-informed, highly-experienced leaders who are in no way ignorant to today's risky world of digital disruption. They are well-versed in effective techniques like design thinking and open innovation, and even aware of the imperative to self-disrupt as a proactive survival strategy.


In load model verification process, the accuracy of model and its parameters makes the actual operating conditions unable to reappear in simulation. The information deviation between measured data and verifiable simulation data makes it impossible to ensure the descriptive power of measurement-based load model for real load characteristics. With this problem, the paper applies closed-loop verification approach to this question for the first time. The closed-loop verification approach is common in system identification study but newly used in load model comparison and validation. Two cases based on PSASP are studied in the paper. The object of this study is composite load model and the verification is carried out on a 10-generator, 39-bus New England power system. They both prove the validity of composite load model and the feasibility of this verification approach.


Intraoperative preservation techniques in popular use produced endothelial damage in venous valves of dogs. This damage was evident with only 20 minutes of preservation. Severe endothelial damage was also evident after surgical autologous transfer of valve-bearing vein segments. The damage evolved over a period of days. At 28 days there was essentially complete desquamation of the valve apparatus with exposure of the collagen fibrils to the bloodstream. Complete reendothelialization had occurred by 4 months. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.


The conventional circuit model of an induction motor is modified to include a rotational e.m.f. This helps to explain induction generator action. The required amount of residual e.m.f. to initiate self-excited induction generation is calculated.


First and foremost, this is an ambitious project. DeLuca mentions in his acknowledgments that this book evolved out of his dissertation at the University of Iowa, which makes the work even that more remarkable. From its cover, with the TV image of a woman chained to a redwood tree, to its extensive and well-referenced bibliography, Image Politics weaves a fascinating story. DeLuca dives into communication theory and advances a compelling argument that the environmental movement has created new methods to gain attention and advance the causes, requiring a reconsideration of old schools of thought. Normally I eschew labels, such as "radical environmentalists" but DeLuca successfully argues that the tactics that many of these groups employ are indeed radical: The rhetorical images replace the content and context of traditional written or spoken words, creating a new construction of meaning from mediated visuals. His case is convincing, and he provides evidence for new ways of thinking that acknowledge the power of the process itself, more than just the langauge invoked. Written in first person, DeLuca makes an easy connection to the reader and minimizes any pretense such an erudite discussion could involve. He offers chapters as "meditations" that need not be read in order, allowing flexible classroom use. Early meditations introduce many of the image events stages for media as case studies. DeLuca's review of the relevant literature in subsequent chapters includes analyses of theories of rhetoric and social movements, postmodern politics, as well as central communication theories, including a valuable consideration of audience research and television's framing of environmental groups. The book is full of interesting and useful information for instance Abbie Hoffman's realization in the 60s of the power of the televised image and the later "yippie" connection to Earth First!. DeLuca acknolwedges that protest has long been a forum for social change (all the way back to the Boston Tea Party), but the advent of television has created a dramatic change in tactics. DeLuca makes a convincing argument that this movement is newer and different than the powerful media images of the civil rights protests because even those relied primarily on powerful speeches and were therefore based on more traditional rhetoric approaches. In many of the recent environmental media images few words are spoken, yet powerful social protest and change is created. Having taught both environmental resource courses in a geography program and environmental reporting classes in journalism schools, I believe this text could be used to challenge students in a wide array of courses.


The paper substantiates the need to conduct water assessment for the strategic planning documents of the regions, including the elaboration of strategies and the forecasts of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. In this regard, we present the theoretical and methodological approach and the algorithm of such assessments. The approach is based on the landscape-basin principle of territory organization. On the example of the Ob-Irtysh basin regions, the assessing has revealed water availability in the territories, anthropogenic load, water intensity, water consumption forecast, and prospects for water resources use. They indicate local water shortage in some landscape provinces of Omsk Oblast with a total population of more than 130 thousand people. Within the boundaries of river basins, we have estimated the anthropogenic load of low and medium intensity and calculated water intensity of territories (municipal districts), including for different types of economic activity and yearly dynamics. These results have been also a basis for forecasting the prospective use of water resources for drinking, industrial, irrigation and agricultural purposes. Using the forecasts, we have developed scenarios of the water supply of the regions, considering water content (minimum, maximum and average) of the period.


Coarctation of aorta is a congenital anomaly characterized by a narrowing segment between the aortic arch and the descending aorta. This stenosis is responsible for upper body hypertension and the recruitment of a collateral network via the intercostal arteries to im-prove lower body perfusion. However, hemodynamic perturbations along the aorta have not been completely studied. The objective of this work is to analyze the collateral network of patients with aortic coarctation who required surgical repair. MRI was performed to obtain hemodynamic parameters such as the vari- ation of flow along the descending thoracic aorta and an estimation of the collateral flow. The shape of the aorta was also studied. Both morphological elements and hemodynamic parameters of aortic coarctation may be quite useful to determine consequences of aortic narrowing and the best moment to propose surgical repair or imaging monitoring. We also expect giving more information on the collateral network to develop modelisation of this element.


In this paper, we address the problem of human activity detection in temporally untrimmed long video sequences, where the goal is to classify and temporally localize each activity instance in the input video. Inspired by the recent success of the singlestage object detection methods, we propose an end-to-end trainable framework capable of learning task-specific spatio-temporal features of a video sequence for direct classification and localization of the activities. We, further, systematically investigate how and where to fuse multi-stream feature representations of a video and propose a new fusion strategy for temporal activity detection. Together with the proposed fusion strategy, the novel architecture sets new state-of-the-art on the highly challenging THUMOS'14 benchmark – up from 44.2% to 53.9% mAP (an absolute 9.7% improvement).


It is indicated for a rail vehicle, a pivot sliding door module (101..107) comprising a door leaf (20..22), which is movable in a display direction and a pushing direction. Further, the swinging-sliding module (101..107) comprises a first and a second display direction in the door leaf (20..22) acting Ubertotpunktverriegelung (30..32, 40..42, 161, 162), which via a Bowden cable (80 ..82) are directly or indirectly coupled to each other.


The storage of aircraft in underground tunnels can only be achieved safely if there is adequate ventilation. The theoretical aspects of the design of such an underground space are considered from the point of view of providing natural ventilation. If the ventilation air is to be dried in an attempt to reduce corro sion of the stored aircraft, this should be achieved by placing a dehumidifica tion plant near the air intake and ensuring that sufficient air flows through the tunnels in the same direction throughout the year. Cost-effective conditioning of the input air can be achieved with a salt solution liquid spray dehumidifier regenerated by solar power.


Based on the characteristic of wavelet and fractal, a scheme for image data compression is presented. In this method, we bring forward a new way to get the code by using fractal. Experiment results show that this method will achieve high quality reconstructed image in very low bit rate.


In this paper, a hybrid classification technique for COVID-19 disease is proposed. The proposed model solves the two-class classification problem (covid, normal). In this study, we have presented hybrid models integrating superior deep learning and machine learning classifiers: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), CNN and AdaBoost, CNN and K Nearest Neighbour (kNN), CNN and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), CNN and Naive Bayes (NB). In these models, CNN performs as a trainable deep feature extractor, and SVM, AdaBoost, kNN, MLP, NB behave as recognizers. All experiments have been performed on COVID-CT and SARS-CoV-2 CT combined image datasets. As a result, proposed hybrid methods have been compared in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, precision, F1-score, AUC-score, specificity, FPR, FDR, and FNR. CNN+SVM, CNN+MLP, and CNN+kNN have achieved outperforming results according to the other models. Also, CNN+SVM performed the best. When the results are examined, the proposed hybrid system is seen to be efficient to detect COVID-19. Also, the performance of the proposed hybrid system is better than the successful studies found on COVID-CT and SARS-CoV-2 CT combined image datasets in the literature.


Abstract The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a gamma-herpesvirus that colonizes the B-cell system of its human host, allowing it to persist asymptomatically in the majority of the world's adult population. In most people primary infection goes unnoticed, whereas in a minority of individuals, primary infection results in infectious mononucleosis (IM), a benign condition that almost always resolves after several weeks or months. However, EBV is also causally linked with a number of malignancies, including B-cell lymphomas, such as classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). A proportion of patients with cHL harbor EBV within their tumor cells. Emerging evidence suggests that while EBV is able to subvert cellular processes to promote the growth and survival of HRS cells or their progenitors, mutations in key cell signalization pathways are probably required to do this when EBV is absent. The challenge is to unravel exactly how EBV and its latent genes contribute to the pathogenesis of cHL particularly with respect to how the virus co-operates with cellular genetic and epigenetic changes to drive transformation. It is hoped that the development of better in vitro and in vivo models of disease will reveal more fundamental aspects of EBV's role in Hodgkin lymphoma pathogenesis and pave the way for targeted therapies for patients with EBV-positive cHL.


Traditional calibration approaches for optical remote sensor are based on single-pixel illumination through collimated light using measuring angles. However, the vibration of rotating turntable and accuracy of angle measurement affect the calibration accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new geometrical calibration approach with micromachined multiplexing optical focal plane (MOFP) combined with a collimating device for optical remote sensor. A micromachined procedure is used to manufacture an MOFP using the optimized aperture size. The MOFP, which can produce only one image with multiple diffraction points to calibrate the interior parameters of optical remote senor, is applied as collimated light splitters. Experiments show that this method is sufficient and can be used particularly in ground applications, as well as, in principle, on-orbit calibration.


Hairy Cell Leukemia was initially recognized as a distinct pathological entity by Bertha Bouroncle and colleagues at The Ohio State University College of Medicine in 1958 [1] .It is a rare form of B cell leukemia and a subtype of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hairy Cell Leukemia presents with massive splenomegaly, pancytopenia with no lymphadenopathy and has a dry bone marrow aspirate [2]. On peripheral smear, the lymphoid cells have characteristic filamentous cytoplasm projections that extend circumferentially over the skin surface with a round or oval nuclei and involves the bone marrow, red pulp of spleen and peripheral blood [3]. Splenomegaly is present in 80-90% of the cases of hairy cell leukemia [4] .Frequent bone marrow aspirations show dry tap because of marrow fibrosis.


To maximize the potential of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as a nonlinear optical material, we examined the conditions for fabricating thin films. The results indicate that the third-order optical susceptibility χ(3), which was determined by electroabsorption spectroscopy, is fourfold enhanced when thin films are drop cast from an anhydrous chloroform solution in an inert atmosphere, compared with the χ(3) of spin-coated thin films prepared in an ambient atmosphere. Fabricating the thin films in an O2- and water-free environment is essential for obtaining large χ(3) values. Under these conditions, we determined the maximum value of the imaginary part of χ(3) for P3HT to be 2.2 ×10-9 esu.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 contagion curve is steeply increasing again worldwide; however, this time we face the emergency with different knowledge.Areas covered: In this review article, we present international guidelines and updated literature merged with our experience from hospitals in Bergamo, the epicenter of the first European COVID-19 outbreak, and provide a protocol tailored for ophthalmology professionals for organizing ophthalmology services for the second-wave of COVID-19 pandemic, to satisfy ophthalmic care needs while minimizing viral spread. Results from this strategy are discussed. We have developed a protocol that can balance safety, costs and quality.Expert opinion: Re-shaping ophthalmology practice resulted in higher costs and longer working times, but this is necessary to ensure safety. Updating ophthalmology protocols should be a priority worldwide.


Bruce Roberts, CEO, RxAlly, discusses the implications of that group's recent white paper, Personalized Pharmacist Care: Healing America's Post Reform Healthcare System.


To effectively alleviate regional congestion in urban road networks brought about by special events or random disturbances, traffic control measures are used to improve the spatial distribution of traffic. This paper focuses on controlling traffic subareas and proposes adjustment strategies for boundary intersections' signal control plans using a Blocking-Discharging method. To overcome the unfavorable factors of conventional control methods, fuzzy control technology is used and an adjustment of the green ratio is selected as the output variable. This serves as an effective solution for optimization at the regional level and leads to further guidance for signal control at the next level. The approach proposed is verified using a road network model of Beijing Olympic Park as a simulation example. It was found that the implementation of Blocking-Discharging strategies has improved traffic conditions of the target subarea, and the integrated use of both strategies is most effective.


The Arctic region of Alaska has a history of petroleum contamination from repetitive fuel spills and the overuse of petrochemicals. Notably, the presence of the former Naval Arctic Research Laboratory (NARL) outside the city of Utqiaġvik, Alaska (formerly known as Barrow), resulted in the contamination of local soils and groundwater with petroleum-derived hydrocarbons. Since the NARL closure in 1987, the U.S. Navy (primarily) has implemented many environmental investigations, remediation, monitoring, and containment strategies. However, the soil and subsurface soil unique to the Arctic complicates traditional remediation techniques as a result of the harsh environment and underdeveloped infrastructure of the remote site. Bioremediation and stimulating the existing microbial community represent attractive methods of decontamination because they are nontoxic and relatively easy to implement. The results from this study offer a comprehensive approach for characterizing petroleum-derived contamination specific to Arctic regions by coupling nondestructive geophysical tools with in situ hydro-biogeochemical methods. The overall goals of this project were to investigate the surface and subsurface soil properties at the former NARL site for the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest, monitor the distribution of hydrocarbons, characterize petroleum-derived hydrocarbons, and test various bioand phytoremediation scenarios both in the laboratory and as a field study. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR. ERDC/CRREL TR-18-18 iii


We have developed a novel unidirectional AlGaN/GaN-on-Si heterojunction field-effect transistor (HFET) with reverse blocking drain. A recessed Schottky contact was incorporated into a conventional ohmic drain electrode to prevent the undesired reverse current flow while reducing the turn-on voltage in forward current characteristics. The combination of recessed Schottky and ohmic electrodes significantly reduced the turn-on voltage in comparison with a conventional Schottky drain. A turn-on voltage of 0.4 V, an off-state forward breakdown voltage of 615 V, and a reverse blocking drain voltage of −685 V were achieved for the gate-to-drain distance of 12 µm.


The water level in an open well tapping an artesian aquifer responds to pressure head disturbance caused by Earth tide dilatation of the aquifer. Because a finite amount of time is needed for water to flow into and out of the well, there exists a phase shift (or time lag) between the tidal dilatation of the aquifer and the water level response in the well. We derive an analytical solution that expresses the phase shift as a function of the aquifer transmissivity, storage coefficient, well radius, and the period of the harmonic disturbance. This solution is rather insensitive to the storage coefficient. Thus if the phase shift is known for a harmonic disturbance, the transmissivity can be calculated given a rough estimate of the storage coefficient. Theoretical analysis shows that a significant phase shift may be present even if the disturbance is slowly varying, as in the case of Earth tides. This opens the possibility of estimating aquifer transmissivity from water level records that show Earth tide fluctuations. A case study, using data from a site near Parkfield, California, is presented to illustrate application of the theory. Phase shifts of the O1 (25.82-hour period) and M2 (12.42-hour period) tidal constituents are chosen for analysis because they are free of systematic contamination by fluctuations in barometric pressure. A brief error analysis suggests that the computed O1 phase shift is subject to large uncertainty, while the computed M2 phase shift is substantially more accurate. Based on an assumed storage coefficient range of 10−4 to 10−6, the estimated transmissivity range is 8 × 10−6 to 2 × 10 −5 m2/s. While hydraulic tests have not been performed to validate these estimates, the range is consistent with the transmissivity value determined by other investigators from analysis of the water level response to an earthquake.


Objective To study the influence of the control of blood glucose in patients with pregnancy diabetes mellitus on health of mothers and their neonates(fetuses). Methods From January 2002 to December 2004,116 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus had been divided into two groups according to blood sugar levels controlled by treatment during pregnancy: the group A(whose blood sugar levels had been controlled to the satisfied level,n=54) and the group B(whose blood sugar levels had not been controlled to the satisfied level,n=62).Complications of perinatal period were compared between these two groups. Results Incidences of pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH),premature infants,intrauterine fetal death,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,newborn deformity and neonatal malformations were significantly higher in the group B than those in the group A. Conclusion Controlling and monitoring the level of blood glucose in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus before pregnancy and during pregnancy could significantly improve maternal and infant outcome.


A 53-year-old woman with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and Stage 2 chronic kidney disease was hospitalized for early satiety, nausea, vomiting and epigastric pain.

An abdominal computed tomography scan confirmed the presence of multiple bilateral renal cysts, and a markedly enlarged liver due to the presence of multiple enormous cysts (the biggest one 20 × 16 cm) occupying most of the abdomen and compressing the stomach and other surrounding structures. The patient underwent laparoscopic cyst fenestration. The large cyst was punctured and aspirated with laparoscopic aspiration needle and subsequently deroofed by using ultrasonic dissection.

The procedure induced liver volume reduction with subsequent symptom relief.

Liver involvement is the most frequent extra-renal manifestation in ADPKD [1–3]. Symptoms in patients with polycystic liver are mostly absent, but they may develop because of increasing cyst size [4].

Several therapeutic options are presently available for the management of symptomatic hepatic cysts, which include aspiration–sclerotherapy, cyst fenestration, partial liver resection and liver transplantation [5].

Laparoscopic fenestration has become the standard of care for symptomatic hepatic cysts (Figure 1).

Fig. 1.

(A, B, C) CT scan of large cyst (arrowheads) arising from II to III hepatic segment (axial, coronal and sagittal sections). (D, E, F) Intra-operative laparoscopic images of cyst fenestration and omentoplasty. (D) Hepatic cysts (arrow). (E) Detail of compression ...


We study the dependence on the temperature T of Casimir effects for a range of systems, and, in particular, for a pair of ideal parallel conductors, l1 by l2, separated by a vacuum, a distance l3 apart, with l1 l3 and l2 l3. We study the Helmholtz free energy A , combining Matsubara's formalism, in which the temperature T appears as a periodic Euclidean fourth dimension of circumference lT = h̄c/kBT with the semiclassical periodic orbital approximation of Gutzwiller. The latter was shown to be exact for parallel plates at T = 0. By inspecting the known results for the Casimir energy at T = 0 in two cases of a rectangular parallelepiped, (l1 l3 and l2 l3, and l1 l2 and l1 l3), one is led to guess at the expression for A of two ideal parallel conductors, without performing any calculation. The result is a new form for A , namely, A = −(2h̄cl1l2l3/π) ∑∞ n3=1 ∑∞ nT =−∞ L −4(n3, nT ), where L(n3, nT ) = [(2n3l3) 2 + (nT lT ) ] is the length of a classical periodic path on a two-dimensional cylinder section. This expression for the free energy is equivalent to others that have been obtained in the literature. At T = 0 the semiclassical approach provides a finite and systematic approximation scheme in terms of classical paths that is useful when the normal modes of the cavity cannot be determined either explicitly or implicitly. Slightly extending the domain of applicability of Gutzwiller's semiclassical periodic orbit approach, we here evaluate the free energy at T > 0 in terms of periodic classical paths in a four-dimensional cavity that is the tensor product of the original cavity and a circle. The validity of this approach is at present restricted to particular systems. We also discuss the origin of the classical (h̄-independent) form of A for T ∼ ∞.


The Christian Golf Society (CGS) has announced a new partnership for CGS National Church Golf Cup 2014. Alliance member, Christian Vision for Men (CVM), is joining with them to encourage more churches than ever before to stage outreach golf daysthis year.


With the drawbacks of traditionally power generation becoming increasingly prominent, production of electricity from new energy attracts more and more attention instead. Biomass power, as a sort of new energy generation, typically of lower carbon and better environmental protection, has a significant potential for development. Based on PMBOK's five process groups, this paper mainly discussed the construction of material procurement system, and the involved issues arousing high attention. Implemented by the material procurement system at biomass power plant, the applications in project management are expanded.


Due to large flexibility in cable-stayed bridges, vibrations induced by seismic, traffic and wind loads are more significant than those in other types of bridges. These vibrations may cause structural damage, such as fatigue in stay cables, large deflection in main girder, etc. The objective of this paper is to investigate long-term dynamic characteristics of the Kao Ping Hsi cable-stayed bridge subjected to different external force conditions by using a bridge health monitoring system (BHMS). The bridge has been bearing the loads of traffic for more than a decade. To ensure the safety of the Bridge, the Bureau has developed a BHMS for the long-term monitoring of the overall structural safety over the entire operation stage in terms of seismic response, wind resisting response and cable vibration, as well as travel comfort. The BHMS will provide multi-alarm information for the study of bridge safety management and maintenance in relation to seismic activities, wind vibration and traffic.


The campaign of terror that began in late 2000, following the collapse of the Oslo peace process, was accompanied by a full-scale political campaign, aimed at de-legitimizing and isolating Israel internationally. This strategy was articulated at the UN-sponsored World Conference against Racism and Xenophobia that took place in September 2001, in Durban, South Africa. The Durban conference crystallized the strategy of de-legitimizing Israel as 'an apartheid regime', through international isolation based on the South African model. This political warfare based on 'soft power' 1 has been conducted through a number of frameworks, and in different venues, including the media, the UN, and other diplomatic institutions. In many of these campaigns, powerful non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are the main actors, providing the platform, the funds, and the political slogans. The funding is generally provided by governments (particularly in Europe and Canada), as well as philanthropic groups such as the Ford Foundation. Although these NGOs and their patrons generally use the rhetoric of human rights, humanitarian relief, and international law, their actions are primarily political. In contrast to the universality of these norms, in practice the language is exploited to promote particular political and ideological goals. This attack is spearheaded by global NGO 'superpowers'—Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Christian Aid, the International Commission of Jurists, and Oxfam. The vast resources and large number of employees at their disposal provide access to the media, diplomats (including direct involvement in UN proceedings) and other public relations channels for pursuing their anti-Israel agendas. In addition, hundreds of smaller pro-Palestinian NGOs, often linked together in associations such as PNGO (the Palestinian NGO Network), and closely tied to the PLO political leadership, have formed partnerships with the global NGOs. This provides the smaller local NGOs (often consisting of not much more than a website and a few employees) with funds, credibility


Extracting accurate photometry (and astrometry) from images taken with adaptive optics assisted instruments isparticularly challenging. Current post-processing tools are not prepared to achieve high accuracy from AO data,especially in limiting cases of crowded elds and marginally resolved sources. We quantify the limitations of thesetools with synthetic images, and present a proof-of-concept study showing the potential of using reconstructedPSFs from the (GL)AO system telemetry to increase the measured photometric accuracy. We show that thephotometric accuracy is signicantly improved with a good PSF reconstruction in considerably crowded regions.We demonstrate the need for a dedicated post-processing tool that incorporates available information about thePSF, as well as the ability to adjust to the spatial variations of the PSF characteristic of AO data.


A system for remote analysis, remote training and / or remote maintenance of a mobile machine comprising a first display unit (10), means for entering commands and a communication device which can be connected if necessary with the first display unit (10) and to a data network (15). The first communication device is activated by a command input for bidirectional communication with a second communication device of a user of the data network, wherein the first and second communication means are adapted to that of the first display unit (10) Data on means connected to the second communication device second display unit to transfer (19), and wherein an instruction data sequence over the data network (15) to the first display unit (10) transferable and from the latter can be displayed by the subscriber, wherein the receiving and storing the instruction data sequence are arranged so that an instruction of the instruction data sequence is executable only by operation of the means for entering commands.


Taerqi area is located at Xing'an Block in central Great Xing'an Range,where exposed widespread Late Paleozoic granites.Ages dated by zircon LA-ICP-MS U—Pb are 313±3 Ma,335±5 Ma and 320±1 Ma for monzogranite,syenogranite and granodiorite,respectively,indicating the Taerqi granites experienced multi-stage magamatism in the Late Paleozoic.There is a genetics of the emplacement of granitic magma was related closely to the oceanic crust subduction during the closure of the Paleo-Asia Ocean in Paleozoic.176Hf/177Hf ratios of zircons from the granodiorite range from 0.282 833 to 0.282 951,corresponding to eHf(t) values from +1.1 to +5.6 and TDM2 from 525 to 752 Ma.Hf isotopic characteristics imply that these granites originated from the mafic lower crust formed during Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic with depleted mantle affinity.Combined with the Sr—Nd and zircon Hf isotopic data published,it is concluded that the crustal accreation event in Xing'an block mainly took place at Neoproterozic-Phanerozoic,probably started at the Mid-Proterozoic.


A polymeric blend consisting of epoxy resin and polyurethane was prepared as a matrix material with (88%) of epoxy and (12%) of polyurethane by weight fraction. It was reinforced with a random short whisker fibre of polypropylene (PP) and fibreglass (FG) with fractional volumes of 4, 8, and 12%. The impact strength before and after the reinforcement was done with temperatures of 25, 50, and 75 °C. The results showed that the reinforcement of matrix material with fibre has increased the impact strength from 3.4 kJ/m2 to 16.9 kJ/m2 at 12% vol. of the composite material of both fibre polypropylene with glass fibre and followed by the composite material with polypropylene fibre, and finally by the composite material of glass fibre. Also, the increase in temperature led to a rise in the impact strength, except for the polypropylene fibre-reinforced polymer mixture, as the increasing in temperature led to a decrease in the values of impact strength from 14.2 KJ /m2 at 25 °C to 11.5 kJ/m2 at 75° C.


A 21-yr-old male presented to the National Institutes of Health with five head and neck paragangliomas, found after treatment for chronic ear infections. Symptoms experienced by the patient included constant right ear pain, mild yellowish discharge from the right ear, decreased hearing, and a constant vibration sound on the right side but no symptoms related to catecholamine excess.

On evaluation five paragangliomas were found on anatomical imaging (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) as follows: 2.7- × 1.6-cm right carotid body tumor; 3.1- × 2.6-cm left carotid body tumor; 3.6- × 2.4-cm left glomus vagale tumor; 1.0- × 1.0-cm tumor in the left jugular fossa; and a 2.1- × 1.8-cm tumor in the right jugular fossa, which had caused extensive bone destruction involving the bony walls of the jugular fossa, the external auditory canal, the condylar fossa of the temporal mandibular joint, and the hypotympanic cavity of the right middle ear. Biochemistry (plasma fractionated catecholamines and metanephrines; 24 h fractionated urinary catecholamines and metanephrines) was unremarkable except for elevation of plasma dopamine to 437 pg/ml (reference range 3–46 pg/ml) and urinary dopamine to 431 μg per 24 h (reference range 65–400 μg per 24 h). Genetic testing revealed a mutation (p.Pro81Leu) in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit D gene.

Head and neck paragangliomas are often biochemically silent (normal catecholamine and metanephrine values), making imaging a very important diagnostic tool (1,2). Here we present a patient whose head and neck paragangliomas were localized on computed tomography (CT) (Fig. 11)) and show avid uptake with four functional imaging techniques: 18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) (Fig. 2A2A);); 18F-fluorodopamine (18F-FDA) PET/CT (Fig. 2B2B);); 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT (Fig. 2C2C);); and 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) scintigraphy (Fig. 2D2D).). Two of these modalities, 18F-FDA PET/CT and 123I-MIBG scintigraphy, are paraganglioma specific, targeting the norepinephrine transporters expressed in these tumors (3,4). Although 18F-FDG and 18F-FDOPA PET are not paraganglioma-specific imaging modalities, their efficacy for the localization of these tumors is represented here. 18F-FDOPA PET, in particular, showed avid uptake in all five tumors and should be considered a good imaging technique for head and neck paragangliomas, as previously reported (5). As demonstrated here, multiple imaging modalities, both anatomical and functional, can be used for the accurate localization of head and neck paragangliomas. However, because CT imaging is nonspecific for paragangliomas, functional imaging modalities are a good tool for confirming in the diagnosis of head and neck paragangliomas.

Figure 1

Coronal reconstructed CT of the neck. There are five tumors identified: right (1) and left (2) glomus jugulare tumors; a left glomus vagale tumor (3); and left (4) and right (5) carotid body tumors. All five tumors demonstrate homogeneous enhancement. ...

Figure 2

A, 18F-FDOPA PET. B, 18F-FDA PET/CT. C, 18F-FDG PET/CT. D, 123I-MIBG scintigraphy. Four functional imaging modalities were used to localize five head and neck paragangliomas: right (1) and left (2) glomus jugulare tumors; a left glomus vagale tumor ( ...


Task Scheduling is a key challenging issue of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) based cloud data center and it is well-known NP-complete problem. As the number of users' requests increases then the load on the cloud data center will also increase gradually. To manage the heavy load on the cloud data center, in this paper, we propose multiobjective Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) technique for task scheduling. The main objective of our proposed GWO based scheduling algorithm is to achieve optimum utilization of cloud resources for reducing both the energy consumption of the data center and total makespan of the scheduler for the given list of tasks while providing the services as requested by the users. Our proposed scheduling algorithm is compared with non meta-heuristic algorithms (First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) and Modified Throttle (MT)), and meta-heuristic algorithms (Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO)). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed GWO based scheduler outperforms all algorithms considered for performance evaluation in terms of makespan for the list of tasks, resource utilization and energy consumption.


Background: Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis from
tyrosine. To prevent or treat pigmentation disorders, tyrosinase inhibitors
have been used increasingly for medicinal and cosmetic products.
The aim of this
study is to evaluate inhibitory effects of Urginea maritima (L.) Baker,
Zhumeria majdae Rech.f. & Wendelbo and Physalis divaricata
D.Don on mushroom tyrosinase.
Methods:
The inhibitory activities of the hydroalcoholic extracts of plants against
oxidation of L-DOPA (as a substrate) by mushroom tyrosinase were investigated.
The amount of formed DOPAchrome was determined at 475 nm as optical density.
Results:
The extracts showed anti-tyrosinase activity weaker than positive control
(Kojic acid). The inhibitory activity of tested plants: U.maritima, Z.majdae
and P.divaricata against mushroom tyrosinase were 38.61, 29.70 and 25.74
% at 1.67 mg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion:
The most tyrosinase inhibitory activity
was seen for U.maritima. However more investigations on human
tyrosinase, toxicological and clinical studies are needed to confirm its activity.


The use of the instantaneous reactive power theory is greater than before due to the increased interest to use active power filters to compensate the non-sinusoidal currents produced by nonlinear loads. However, this theory can only be applied to three-phase systems of three or four conductors. This paper presents a new definition of instantaneous power that can be applied to all multiphase systems. Thus, the concept of tensor product is introduced to define the instantaneous power tensor and also the current decomposition in active and reactive components regardless of the number of phases of the power system. Finally, an exhaustive analysis of practical cases has been carried out at a simulation level which verified the proposed approach.


Objective To establish the HPLC method for determining brucine concentration in the tissues of tumor-bearing mice.Methods The tissue samples of liver,kidney,brain,tumor and plasma were treated with simple liq-uid-liquid extraction before HPLC.Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Kromasil C 18 analytical column(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm) coupled with a C 18 guard cartridge (10 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),maintained at 35 ℃.The mobile phase consisted of 24 % acetonitrile and 76 % buffer(isometric mixture of 0.01 mol/L sodium heptane sulfonate and 0.02 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate,the pH value was adjusted to 2.8 with 10 % phosphoric acid).The prepared mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 264 nm.Results There were no interference peaks co-eluting with the compounds of interest.The extraction recoveries varied from 70.23 % to 99.18 %.The linear range was 50~2000 ng/mL.The intra-day precision was less than 9.31 % and inter-day precision was less than 8.58 %.The stability of biosamples was satisfactory.Conclusion The method which is simple,practical and accurate can be applied to the study of targeting distribution of brucine preparations.


According to application of new type generator and the new requirement of power supply to new type of carriage train,The KP-3 type carriage generator and control system for this train based on 80c196 single-chip computer was designed,the main controller of which depends on IGBT.The system uses the output voltage and current from generator and the charging current as feedback variable.The 80c196 single-chip computer adjusts the output of PWM(pulse width modulation) to control the field current of the generator,which accomplishes stabilizing,output voltage,output current and the charging current.It was proved in practice that the system has many advantages,such as high control accuracy,stable running status,good insulating effect and convenience for installing and maintaining.


The invention provides an integration design method of an intelligent substation based on a three-dimensional design platform and professional software, wherein two function modules, namely an equipment arrangement module and an equipment coding module are arranged in the three-dimensional design platform MicroStation; the equipment arrangement module is used for functions of equipment arrangement and attribute definition; the equipment coding module is used for equipment coding; codes as a part of equipment properties can be bound with equipment information, so that the position information can be extracted from the codes for the calculation of cable length. With the adoption of the integration design method of the intelligent substation based on the three-dimensional design platform and the professional software, through the integration use of Visual SCD (Security Coding Device) intelligent substation system integration design software and BRCM (Broadcom) cable laying software in the MicroStation platform, the intelligent substation construction drawing design and the system integration work are fused; and in such a way, besides the completion of a primary wiring diagram and a secondary wiring diagram of the conventional substation, the configuration of a complete data model of the whole station can be completed in the course of designing according to an ICD (Interface Control Document) model document provided by each equipment manufacturer and the configuration principles of primary equipment and secondary equipment of the substation.


The therapy module the basic module plan a marriage module sexual problems depression hypertension moral maintenance module an outplacement module jealousy and vindictiveness simple social phobias crisis module - rape the traumatized victim loss and grief module grief, guilt, traumatic memories relapses the suicidal person suicide supportive psychotherapy an alternative support module single session psychotherapy procedures associated with the module.


During the last three decades in the environmental movement there has been an important shift toward both the development and acceptance of heterogeneous science practices that encourage public participation on a number of levels (Allen, 2003; Fischer, 2000). This has been, in part, due to the emergence of environmental justice (EJ), a movement that combines issues of social justice with a broader conception of what counts as one's environment (Gottlieb, 2001; Szasz, 1994). Eschewing the nature vs. culture dichotomy of traditional environmentalism, EJ incorporates the on-the-ground texture of daily life as well as struggles within the social order into a movement that challenges racism, foregrounds class issues, and highlights the inequities of a government-supported, big-business-asusual approach to regulation and policy. Yet, when scientists become involved in such movements as defenders of a 'public interest' or local community, as occurred in an EJ struggle in Louisiana's cancer alley, they may adopt diverse strategies that do not always harmonize well.


VARIOUS radiological methods of demonstrating lymph vessels and nodes have been utilised in the past. Interstitial injection of thorotrast (Menville and Ane, 1932), and contrast injection into lymph nodes (Bruun and Engeset, 1956), into body cavities (Bennet and Shivas, 1954) and into joint spaces have all resulted in some degree of visualisation of a limited segment of the lymphatic system. Detailed study of the pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes, however, was not possible until Kinmonth (1952) described a practical method of intralymphatic injection. He used a water soluble contrast medium to demonstrate the lymph vessels of the legs in cases of lymphoedema. Such media, however, rapidly diffuse out of the lymphatics and for this reason are not suitable for investigation of retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Oily media are necessary for this purpose and have become standard for lymphography (Wallace, Jackson, Schaffer, Gould, Greening, Weiss and Kramer, 1961; Ruttimann and Del Buono, 1962).


Poly (N,N-diallyl-N-carbobutoxymethylammonium chloride) (PDACBMAC) was prepared from N,N-diallyl-N-carbobutoxymethylammonium chloride (DACBMAC) as monomer and ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as initiator in water solution, and its structure was characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The sterilizating property of PDACBMAC against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and its antimicrobial mechanism were also studied. The results show that the sterilizating potency of PDACBMAC against E. coli is obviously higher, than that of poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC) and slightly higher than that of dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (DDBAC) when the dosage is below 20mg/L, and the bactericidal ratio is up to 99.7% when the intrinsic viscosity of PDACBMAC is 1.371dL/g and the dosage is 30mg/L. The bactericidal ratio is affected obviously by pH value, which increases with increasing pH in a range of 4.7~6.7, and decreases with increasing pH when pH>6.7. The results of testing turbidity for the treated water sample show that PDACBMAC still possesses an excellent coagulation property. The results of measuring activities of the enzyme of, β-D-galactosidase show that the antimicrobial mechanism of PDACBMAC is based on a sterilization action.


The study investigated the influence of learners' participation in athletic activitieson academic performance of students in secondary school Uasin Gishu County. The study was grounded on Astin's theory of involvement, whichasserts that students learn more when they are involved in both academic and social aspects of the collegiate experience. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research process with a target population being students and teachers of Uasin Gishu County. Sample of 378 was calculated with aid Krecie & Morgan sample table and sample was arrived at through stratified sampling on secondary schools and simple random sampling on selected secondary schools whose students were picked without bias. Tools for data collection included questionnaire, in-depth interview and review of literature. The tools were calibrated on validity and reliability through expert check and Chronbach's Alpha Coefficient, which was 0.76, which was fair enough for utility of the questionnaires.The achieved data was analyzed based on confidence level of 95%and person correlation coefficient and using descriptive statisticsthat included frequencies, standard deviation and mean. The analysis was carried out with help of SPSS program. The finding indicated that participation in athletic activities has potential to positively influence students' academic performance (R=0.632; p<0.05). Athletics participationstimulates fine and gross motor growth, learner concentration and cognitive development. The finding suggests that schools need to create a conducive environment for participation in athletics and encourage the students to participate in order to enhance their performance.


Web application attacks continue to increase in number and in severity. The massive information available on the internet motivates hackers to launch new types of attacks. In that context, intensive research on web application security has been carried out. A malicious attack targeting web applications is Structured Query Language Injection (SQLI). This attack is a serious threat to web applications. Some research work has been Pramono, Andi Sunyoto, dan Eko Pramono 244 TECNOSCIENZA Vol.5 No.2 April 2021 done to reduce these attacks either by preventing them from starting or detecting them as they occur. In this paper, we present an overview of SQL injection attacks and a classification of the newly proposed detection and prevention solutions. In this study we use the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to perform detection and prevention methods from SQLI attacks to reduce these attacks, especially those based on ontology and machine learning.


This thesis aimed find out the analysis on determination of production cost based on activity based costing system in the news program aired by the Television of Republic of Indonesia (TVRI) Station West Kalimantan. The findings of the research showed that the determination of the production cost of news programs using activity-based costing system was more accurate and precise when compared to conventional system. The difference between the production cost using conventional system and activity-based costing system was because of the affectation of overhead on the activity based costing was adapted to the activities undertaken in the making of a news program. In addition, the determination of the production cost of the news program using the Activity Based Costing system was appropriate of effective than using the conventional, despite the fact that the Activity Based Costing system was more expensive than the conventional, but this did not indicate that the conventional system was superior. This was due to the confusion in the calculation of the conventional system because the costs of activities done to produce goods were not only triggered by the number of production units. The result of this research suggested that 1) determining the production cost based on activity based costing system could be used as an alternative for th production of news program of Negeriku Indonesia ( My Country, Indonesia) by using formulated cost on each product (news package). The formulation could be used to determine the production budget for production activities and to determine the accurate production cost, especially in the face of competition so that no more distortion or miscalculation that caused loss in determining the production cost, which would certainly affect the quality of the real broadcast. 2) further research on similar subject is expected to find another method to calculate the production cst in order to obtain more alternatives to the accurate and efficient production cost. Keywords : Determination, Production Cost, Activity Based Costing.


The holographic storage process is investigated in LiTa03:Fe-crystals. We discuss the photorefractive principles, the physical effects determining the light-induced charge transport and the recording of volume phase holograms. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that LiTa03:Fe is a very attractive material for optical information storage.


Battle Management Language (BML) is being developed as an open standard that unambiguously formalizes and specifies Command and Control information, including orders and reports built upon precise representations of tasks. BML is a language specification, based on doctrine and consistent with Coalition standards. The goal of BML is to enable and improve the interoperability in the C2 area, especially by enabling also the military communication with simulation systems and future robotic forces. Although the need for BML is well documented, a SISO standard has still not been achieved. At present, there are two recommended approaches focusing on different aspects. In order to achieve a SISO standard, the SISO product development group for the development of BML has explored these approaches and presented three possible ways to achieve the standard. On the basis of these recommendations, Bundeswehr's IT office asked supporters of both BML approaches to discuss possible compromises in order to get the best out of the approaches and to facilitate the definition of the standard. In this paper, a way forward is recommended and explained. In short, this compromise recommends using MBDE's transactionals as constituents under the C2LG.


The analysis of the metal finds preserved in the Museo Antropologico of Florence, allow to have a clear picture of what was the technical-cultural background at the basis of Peruvian metallurgy. Only the most significant manufactures in the conspicuous group of objects will be taken in consideration in this study. This objects are referable to the Recuay and Chimu culture and partially referable in a lapse of time that goes from the upper medium period to the recent horizon. This material has not an archaeological origin, but an antique-dealing one and so this material is studied evaluating single collections documentation, technical-stylistic aspects of the single finds and also colonial manuscripts.


A second X-ray free electron laser facility, LCLS-II, will be constructed at SLAC. LCLS-II is based on a 1.3 GHz, 4 GeV, continuous-wave (CW) superconducting linear accelerator, to be installed in the first kilometer of the SLAC tunnel. Multiple types of high power RF (HPRF) sources will be used to power different systems on LCLS-II. The main 1.3 GHz linac will be powered by 280 1.3 GHz, 3.8 kW solid state amplifier (SSA) sources. The normal conducting buncher in the injector will use four more SSAs identical to the linac SSAs but run at 2 kW. Two 185.7 MHz, 60 kW sources will power the photocathode dual-feed RF gun. A third harmonic linac section, included for linearizing the bunch energy spread before the first bunch compressor, will require sixteen 3.9 GHz sources at about 1 kW CW. A description and an update on all the HPRF sources of LCLS-II and their implementation is the subject of this paper.


Sixteen months after the replacement of the ascending aorta an 80-year-old lady was referred to our center for a presternal pulsatile mass. Computed tomography scan showed an ascending aorta pseudaneurysm extended through the sternum and filling the subcutaneous space. Surgical correction was successful. Specific surgical considerations of this case are discussed.


The addition of transition metal elements such as Co is necessary to realize highly non-linear ZnO based varistors. The relation between the oxidation states of Co ions and the appearance and disappearance of the non-linear I-V characteristics was studied in ZnO-CoO based compositions. Pressed bodies were sintered at 1430°C in an oxygen atmosphere followed by annealing at various temperatures in air. The I-V characteristics of these specimens were then measured. The appearance and disappearance of the non-linear I-V characteristics was found to reversibly occur depending on the annealing temperatures and to be closely related to the oxidation states of the Co ions.


For nearly a century, biologists have modeled the evolution of sex chromosomes—the genetic instructions that primarily determine whether an individual will develop into a male or female (or a certain mating type)—resulting in an impressive theoretical framework. Now, thanks to the publication of genomic data from a wide variety of nonmodel organisms, these theories are being tested against empirical evidence from nature—often with surprising results. In a new review in Genome Biology and Evolution, Benjamin Furman, Judith Mank, and colleagues detail the surprising number of exceptions to the purported rules of sex chromosome evolution theory, revealing the potential limitations to our understanding of chromosome-based sex-determination systems (Furman et al. 2020). It is often taken for granted that sexual reproduction requires the participation of two individuals of different sexes—generally males and females in the case of plants and animals. Although there are numerous exceptions, such as hermaphroditic species of plants, worms, and fish, separate sexes are indeed seen frequently across eukaryotes, especially among animals. An individual's sex may be determined in various ways in different species; although some systems are driven by environmental or social cues, sex is often determined by the presence or absence of a specific sex chromosome—a discrete unit of DNA carrying one or more genes that initiate the development of maleor female-specific characteristics. Since the first discovery of sex chromosomes by Nettie Stevens in 1905, who noted that male but not female mealworms carried one chromosome smaller than the rest, a considerable body of theory predicting the forces that govern sex chromosome evolution has arisen. The generally accepted model for sex chromosome evolution goes like this: 1) A genetic variant arises on an autosome (a nonsex chromosome) and specifies either the male or the female sex; 2) the acquisition of sexually antagonistic alleles, which are advantageous in one sex but disadvantageous in the other, near the new sex-determining gene favors the suppression of recombination, allowing, for example, male-beneficial traits to be inherited in males only; 3) genes are eventually lost from the new sex chromosome, leading to imbalances in protein expression in one sex; and 4) mechanisms evolve to correct the imbalances in gene dosage. Notably, this model assumes a successive and irreversible progression from autosome to fully differentiated, dosage-compensated sex chromosome. In reviewing the newly emerging literature from a broad range of organisms, Furman, Mank, and coauthors were stunned at the number of findings that deviate from the above rules. According to Mank, "All of us in the field know that although much of this theory has been upheld in many organisms, there are notable exceptions. Until we compiled this review, we did not really have a sense of how common the exceptions are, or how much diversity there is in sex chromosome evolution." These exceptions call into question how broadly applicable each of the canonical steps in sex chromosome evolution may be. For example, sex chromosomes in some insects are derived not from autosomes but from nonessential selfish chromosomes called B chromosomes or from bacteria-derived DNA that has made its way into the nuclear genome. Moreover, rather than sexual antagonism driving recombination suppression, recombination may instead be initially inhibited due to the movement of transposable elements or other epigenetic changes to young sex chromosomes. In addition, global dosage compensation of sex chromosomes (as found in humans) appears to be the exception rather than the rule, with most species showing incomplete, gene-by-gene compensation mechanisms. Most surprisingly, studies have revealed a far greater degree of sex chromosome diversity and turnover than previously appreciated. In fact, some lineages including lizards, fish, amphibians, insects, and plants show frequent changes in the location of sex-determining genes and high rates of turnover of sex chromosomes. This led Mank and her coauthors to propose a new conceptual framework in which sex chromosome evolution is more cyclical than linear (fig. 1).


The preliminary separation of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia L.Var.Abbreviata Ser.with hypoglycemic effect was performed by ultrafiltration.The effect of input flow,operation pressure,operation temperature,concentration of the aqueous extract on flux was investigated.The molecular weight distribution and hypoglycemic effect of fractions obtained by ultrafiltrion were compared.The results showed that the optimum conditions of ultrafiltration were concentrations of input flow rate of 200 L/h,temperature of 25 ℃,pressure of 0.10 MPa,concentration of aqueous extract of 20 g/L.The results showed that the fraction with low molecular weight had significant hypoglycemic activity,while the fraction with high molecular weight had no hypoglycemic effect.


The responsibility, a universal concept of both humanity and social ethics, is rich in its content. The responsibility, arising from the nature of man and determined by his conduct and activities, can be understood in a narrow sense and a broad sense in relation to its connotation. Therefore, by considering and analyzing the responsibility philosophically and ethically by virtue of Marxist theories, it is discerned that the freedom of selection and the shouldering of responsibilities is a dialectical unity in that love is the source of the responsibility and morality its basis while rules and laws are compulsory and binding upon the responsibility. The responsibility is the prerequisite of obligations while service is the aim of the responsibility, thus the capacity of responsibilities is acquired through learning and education. As the most advanced class in the history of mankind, the proletariat embraces a concept of responsibilities unprecedented in both its width and depth.


This study is to analyze the characteristics of Healthy City projects to make suggestions for better development in the future. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 38 dedicated full members of the Korea Healthy Cities Partnership (KHCP). The survey tool was developed with reference to the website HP-Source.net. Questionnaires contained items concerning eight areas of health promotion capacities and 34 questionnaires were analyzed; response rate was 89.5%. Middle-sized or small cities are more interested and active in Healthy City projects. Twenty-seven Healthy Cities (79.41%) have full-time personnel for the projects. Twenty-five Healthy Cities (73.53%) set up the project team in the public health center, and nine in city or county offices. The heads of 22 Healthy Cities (64.71%) are deeply involved in the Healthy City project. Twenty cities (58.82%) developed mid- or long-term plans. Only 14 cities conducted self-evaluation of their projects. Twenty-two cities responded that the central government should grant awards to boost the projects and motivate workers. The Health Promotion Fund financing to 10 local governments, accounts for 29.41%. Twenty-one cities (61.76%) secured project financing from the general budgets. One city allocates the entire revenue from the local tobacco tax for Healthy City projects. In Korea, Healthy City projects have been voluntarily initiated by local governments. Korean Healthy Cities are active in exploring ties with KHCP, Alliances for Healthy Cities. The analytical tools found on HP-source.net would provide the database for more useful and meaningful information than simply analysis of current status. Support from the central government and funding from the Health Promotion Fund may help to boost the projects. This study shows characteristic and challenges of the Healthy City project in Korea. The outcomes of this study can be utilized for development, implementation and scalining up Healthy Cities.


This volumes work of AITM series, describes threefold creation, primary, secondary and primary-secondary, the Kalpa and Manvantara ages and their durations, geographical division of the seven continents , inhabitants and other natural features, climate and vegetation, the dynasties of rulers and the legends of Pitars, the lineage of Manu, and the dissolution of universe and ultimate annilihation.