Mutational signatures shed insight into the range of mutational processes giving rise to tumors and allow a better understanding of cancer origin. They are typically identified from high-throughput sequencing data of cancer genomes using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), and many such techniques have been developed towards this aim. However, it is often of particular interest to compare mutational signatures across multiple conditions, e.g. to understand which signatures are present across different treatments, or to identify signatures that are shared or specific across cancer types. Existing techniques within the NMF context only allow decomposition within a single dataset, so that integrating results across multiple conditions requires running separate analyses on each dataset, followed by subjective and manual comparisons of the identified signatures. To address this issue, we propose a Bayesian multi-study NMF method that jointly decomposes multiple studies or conditions to identify signatures that are common, specific, or partially shared by any subset. We propose two models: a "discovery-only" model that estimates de novo signatures in a completely unsupervised manner, and a "recovery-discovery" model that builds informative priors from previously known signatures to both update the estimates of these signatures and identify any novel signatures. We then further extend these models to estimate the effects of sample-level covariates on the exposures to each signature, enforcing sparsity through a non-local spike-and-slab prior. We demonstrate our approach on a range of simulations, and apply our method to colorectal cancer samples to show its utility.


We construct a cofibrantly generated Quillen model structure on the category of small n-fold categories and prove that it is Quillen equivalent to the standard model structure on the category of simplicial sets. An n-fold functor is a weak equivalence if and only if the diagonal of its n-fold nerve is a weak equivalence of simplicial sets. This is an n-fold analogue to Thomason's Quillen model structure on Cat. We introduce an n-fold Grothendieck construction for multisimplicial sets, and prove that it is a homotopy inverse to the n-fold nerve. As a consequence, we completely prove that the unit and counit of the adjunction between simplicial sets and n-fold categories are natural weak equivalences.


During the second phase of Infill Drilling (Phase 2 IFD) at Wytch Farm, a 460HP workover rig converted four existing wells to > 1km departure horizontal multi-lateral wells. The project was a complete success technically, economically, and in terms of HS&E performance , productivity and oil recovery.


Coal is an important source of energy and it has got remarkable effect when it is treated with alkali. The world's recoverable coal reserves contain about 3 x 10 10 tons of hydrogen. "Hydrogen Economy' is a vision for future in with hydrogen replaced fossil fuels to reduce dependence on non-renewable energy and to cut down the environmentally harmful emissions. For this technology, hydrogen is mostly produced from hydrocarbons. Therefore, many researches have been conducted on hydrogen production from hydrocarbons to find the most economical, efficient and practical method of producing hydrogen as substitute of fossil fuel.Studies on production of environment friendly clean and green fuel hydrogen from different ranks of coal in presence of different alkalis were carried out under different reaction conditions. The yield of hydrogen depends upon the rank of coal as well as on the nature of alkali beside reaction temperature and other parameters. Amongst the various ranks of coals used, the maximum yield of gas obtained was 3.2 liters/10gm of coal with 80 %( v/v) of hydrogen from medium rank Swang coal (carbon-85.5%). Effects of temperature, particle size and coal-alkali ratio on the yield and quality of gas obtained from coal-alkali reaction were studied. It was found that the optimum reaction temperature is 600 0


A new coolant nozzle, named a small gap nozzle, has been developed and employed in slit grinding for a thin blade in order to suppress blade wear effectively. This nozzle is characterized by its capability in maintaining a small clearance between the blade surface and the nozzle tip with ease and the one in supplying coolant to the grinding zone effectively by the adhesion of coolant to the circumferential face and the side faces of the thin blade. It allows the coolant flow rate be reduced significantly. Furthermore, the nozzle is very simple and cost-effective. In the experiment for slit grinding of SKD11 with a WA blade, it was found that the wear of the blade with a small gap nozzle was approximately 2/3 of the one with a conventional nozzle. The effect of the newly developed nozzle was also confirmed from the results of slit grinding of WC and SUS630 using a diamond wheel and a CBN wheel, respectively. Introduction In slit grinding using a thin blade, because coolant does not reach the grinding zone effectively, loading and dulling of the blade occurs frequently. This leads to an increase in the grinding forces, resulting in deterioration of the slit property on the workpiece. As a countermeasure, coolant is usually supplied to the grinding zone at a large flow rate using a high-pressure jet nozzle. However, this requires an enlargement of the pump and coolant tank capacity along with the adoption of a splashguard cover to prevent the coolant from scattering. In order to solve the problem in slit grinding, a new nozzle for thin blades, named a small gap nozzle, has been developed by applying the floating nozzle method proposed by the authors [1,2]. The small gap nozzle is characterized by its property of automatic adjustment of the small clearance between the blade surface and the nozzle. As a result of that, the coolant adheres to the circumferential face and side faces of the thin blade well and can be supplied to the grinding zone effectively with an extremely reduced quantity of coolant used. Moreover, the nozzle has a very simple construction and is cost effective. In this paper, the performance of the developed small gap nozzle is investigated in slit grinding of difficult to grind materials (SKD11, WC and SUS630) using thin blades (WA, Diamond and CBN). Experiments are carried out from the viewpoint of suppression of blade wear by comparing the new nozzle with a conventional nozzle equipped on a slit grinding machine. Principle of a Small Gap Nozzle In cutting or slit grinding with a thin blade, the blade comes in contact with a workpiece at not only the circumferential face but also the side faces of the blade. Therefore, to improve the grinding efficiency, the grinding performance and the dressing interval, it is necessary to supply coolant adequately to the circumferential face as well as the side faces of the blade in such a way that it Key Engineering Materials Online: 2004-02-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 257-258, pp 327-332 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.257-258.327 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,19:19:42) reaches the grinding zone exactly. At present, although a large amount of coolant is supplied in slit grinding using two or more conventional nozzles, the coolant does not reach the grinding zone effectively because the air layer formed around the thin blade rotating at a high speed hinder most of the coolant to reach the grind point. In the case of surface grinding with a straight type grinding wheel as well as profile-grinding wheel using the floating nozzle, the outlet diameter of the nozzle is usually smaller than the width of the wheel [1]. However, in the case of slit grinding using a thin blade, it is difficult to set the outlet diameter of the nozzle to a smaller one than the width of the blade. This problem can be solved by making a dead end shape at the nozzle tip. This nozzle tip is cut by grinding using the thin blade, and the coolant outlet is formed to a suitable size. Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of the small gap nozzle, and Fig. 2 shows the steps to form the coolant outlet of the small gap nozzle. The nozzle is retracted in a small distance from the blade surface to form a desired clearance between the nozzle tip and the blade surface after it has been ground by the thin blade. In this experiment, an automatic retraction of the small gap nozzle by the coolant pressure is adopted, and the nozzle is fixed in the retracted position by a fixing bolt. The photographs of the small gap nozzle are shown in Fig.3. Fig.3 Appeance of the Small gap nozzle Thin blade Coolant


Introduction This study was designed as a clinical trial to evaluate and compare the regenerative potential of Platelet rich Fibrin, Platelet rich Plasma and Blood Clot in immature necrotic permanent teeth with or without associated apical periodontitis. Methods Access preparation was done under rubber dam isolation. Copious irrigation was done with 2.5% NaOCl and triple antibiotic paste was placed as an intracanal medicament. After 4 weeks, the cases were divided into four groups. The study design had 3 test arms (Blood clot, PRP and PRF) and 1 control arm (Apexification). Results The clinical and radiographic evaluation was done by two independent observers who were blinded from the groups. The scoring was done as: None score was denoted by -, Fair by 1, Good by 2 and Excellent by 3. The data was then analyzed statistically by Fisher's exact test using STATA11.1 which showed statistically significant values in Group III as compared to other Groups. Conclusion Platelet rich Fibrin has huge potential to accelerate the growth characteristics in immature necrotic permanent teeth as compared to Platelet rich Plasma and Blood Clot


Crutches are wooden or metal objects used to support the body. Sometimes they are needed only temporarily. Often, however, they are indispensable lifelong aids to disabled persons as they perform the activities essential for daily living. Just as the sportsman must practice to acquire skill in using the tennis racquet, golf club or skis, so the disabled person must acquire skill in using his wooden or metal crutches. The ability to use crutches efficiently requires a systematic program with competent instruction. This program should include (1) the proper selection of the crutches and correct measurement, (2) a muscle test to judge the subject's joint movements and strength, (3) exercises to develop the muscle groups needed for crutch management and (4) determination of the crutch gaits best suited to meet the patient's needs. SELECTION OF CRUTCHES AND THEIR ACCESSORIES Underarm crutches with double uprights and hand bars are the most commonly


In the process of construction work, operators need accuracy in the process of finishing land leveling works such as road highway building, land reclamation, large commercial, landfill installation, so as to increase productivity. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to manufacture and implement a ground leveling finishing tool using Arduino IDE software and Atmega 328 microcontroller on the Dozer D3K Caterpillar heavy equipment unit. The placement of a series of components from the Grade Monitoring Assist includes the ultrasonic sensor on the lift cylinder, gyro and accelerometer at the top center of the blade, as well as a display that displays the results of parameter readings. Connections between components in Grade Monitoring Assist are cables that integrate all installed components. The results of testing the movement of the blade up and down position to get an accuracy value of 97.30% and an error of 2.70%. While the movement of the blade down position has an accuracy value of 96.50% and an error of 2.50%. And Tests by moving the blade according to the implement movement angle at the maximum blade angle position (either side) with an average error value of 1.48o, cutting ditches (angle V) an average error value of 0.676o


A practical and convenient approach for kinet ic analysis of cam-linkage mechanisms is discussed. On the basis of complex-numb er vector method, the procedure of kinetic analysis for planar mechanisms is sim plified, a large number of tedious deviations of analytic equations and the solu tion for equations are avoided with the aids of PC. Thus, the intensity of the w ork of researchers and designers is decreased. Finally, one example of transfer mechanism (i.e. cam-linkage mechanism) on the press is presented to clarify the kinetic analysis of cam-linkage mechanisms by means of complex-number vector method.


In this paper, we used gait silhouettes that provided by CASIA, and all we study are based on this database. Firstly, we normalized and centralized gait silhouettes and get the gait sequence, secondly, we extract the active regions by calculating the difference of two adjacent silhouettes images, and construct an AEI by accumulating these active regions, finally, using Kernel Discriminant Analysis (KDA) method to analysis the AEI, and parameter optimization method used to determine the nuclear function of KDA, and using SVM to classified and recognized gait. Experimental results show that such methods to be identified effective.


This chapter discusses Musaeus's Hero and Leander, a classic (and highly influential) tale of out-of-place desire composed in the fifth century CE. It is an extraordinary witness, in an era of Christian moralism, to the persistence of the novelistic tendency to see illicit, 'dirty' love in a positive light.


This paper presents an accurate track modelling for fault current analysis of DC railways based on RTDS (Realtime Digital Simulator). With the introduction of skin effect for rails during the short-circuit transient conditions, an integrated RTDS simulation model of short-circuit fault is proposed. The model includes a novel method based on voltage step series under the equivalent cylindrical conductor of rail to obtain the current series response. By comparing and investigating the waveforms of remote short-circuit current with and without skin effect, the paper pointed out the difference between these two currents. Based on this, the failure analysis can be done more accurately which is beneficial to the accurate setting of DC protection equipment and provides an improvement to the protection system. (4 pages)


Proxy re-encryption(PRE) is a primitive that is used to facilitate secure access delegation in the cloud. Proxy re-encryption allows a proxy server to transform ciphertexts encrypted under one user's public key to that under another user's public key without learning anything about the underlying message or the secret key. Over the years proxy re-encryption schemes have been proposed in different settings. In this paper we restrict our analysis to certificate based proxy re-encryption. The first CCA secure certificate based PRE without bilinear pairings was proposed by Lu and Li in Future Generation Computer Systems, 2016. In this paper we present a concrete attack on their scheme and prove that it is not CCA secure.


Spironolactone is an effective treatment for female patients with acne vulgaris. However, topical spironolactone could be a valuable treatment option in both male and female acne patients due to the less possibility of systemic side effects with its topical formulation.


This study intends to improve the accuracy of the concentration and flow measurement system for binary gas mixtures that was developed by two of the present authors(cid:50891)(cid:50903). This system is composed of a venturi tube and a laminar flowmeter connected in series. A basic examination on the viscosity estimate for binary gas mixtures and a preliminary measurement of the flow coefficient of the venturi tube are carried out. The procedure of concentration calculation based on the basic study is also shown. The estimate accuracy of the mole fractions of component gases and the flow rate of binary gas mixtures are experimentally examined using three kinds of mixed gas:CO(cid:50877)-Air,CO(cid:50877)-Ar and Ar-He. The results indicate that the mole fractions can be estimated with accuracy of5% and the flow rate can be estimated with accuracy of2%.


This is a qualitative study of multiple cases, with four families and their children participating in a program of food supplementation in Florianopolis/SC - State. Its aim was to understand how daily routine of families with malnourished children or at nutritional risk was being developed. There were direct observations in the field and recorded interviews with the mother or other child's caregiver at home, at the Health Unit and at the Local Community Center from October 2006 to August 2007. We used the method of content analysis and comparative analysis in light of the theoretical framework. The results indicate that families establish routines that constantly change to meet the basic needs of the members before expected and unexpected events in the family environment, and this may promote the nucleus cohesion and help in the care of malnourished children or at nutritional risk. The connection to the social support network varies and the program resources about food supplementation help in the family stability.


A new family of shape ellipticity measures is introduced. Each measure from the family distinguishes among the ellipses with different axis length ratios. This is not case for existing ellipticity measures. The new measures are theoretically well founded, which helps us to better understand their behavior and suitability to certain applications. All measures from the family are invariant with respect to translation, rotation, and scaling transformations; range over $(0,1]$; and pick the value 1 only for the ellipses with a specific ratio between minor and major axis lengths. The measures from the new family are applied to the galaxy classification tasks. The 100% classification rate was achieved by using a $k$-NN classifier. Only six parameters (feature vector components), computed from three different ellipticity measures, were used. Based on 100 mutually independent experiments, an average classification rate of 95.6% was obtained. Previously accuracies of 92.3% and 95.1% were obtained using nearest nei...


The basic operation of hybrid hydraulic actuators involves high frequency bi-directional operation of an active material that is converted to uni-directional motion of hydraulic fluid using valves. A hybrid actuator was developed using magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D as the driving element and hydraulic oil as the working fluid. Two different lengths of Terfenol-D rod, 51 and 102 mm, with the same diameter, 12.7 mm, were used. Tests with no load and with load were carried out to measure the performance for uni-directional motion of the output piston at different pumping frequencies. The maximum no-load flow rates were 24.8 cm3 s−1 and 22.7 cm3 s−1 with the 51 mm and 102 mm long rods respectively, and the peaks were noted around 325 Hz pumping frequency. The blocked force of the actuator was close to 89 N in both cases. A key observation was that, at these high pumping frequencies, the inertial effects of the fluid mass dominate over the viscous effects and the problem becomes unsteady in nature. In this study, we also develop a mathematical model of the hydraulic hybrid actuator in the time domain to show the basic operational principle under varying conditions and to capture phenomena affecting system performance. Governing equations for the pumping piston and output shaft were obtained from force equilibrium considerations, while compressibility of the working fluid was taken into account by incorporating the bulk modulus. Fluid inertia was represented by a lumped parameter approach to the transmission line model, giving rise to strongly coupled ordinary differential equations. The model was then used to calculate the no-load velocities of the actuator at different pumping frequencies and simulation results were compared with experimental data for model validation.


Nanoscopic emission from periodic nano-hole arrays in thick metal films is studied experimentally. The experiments give direct evidence for SP excitations in such structures. We show that the symmetry of the emission is governed by polarization and its shape is defined the interference of SP waves of different diffraction orders. Near-Held pattern analysis combined with the far-Held reflection and transmission measurements suggests that the SP eigenmodes of these arrays may be understood as those of ionic plasmon molecules.


There are many ways to make web pages dynamic, but the traditional CGI program has such weaknesses as low performance efficiency, weak transplantation and low development efficiency, whereas some features like being highly efficient and quick in grammar will be attained, if the PHP technology can be used with the small database MYSQL.


This thesis reports on a study of the water quality in the Markermeer, focusing on the relationships between sediment transport, the light field and the growth of Oscillatoria agardhii . The study comprises two aspects: an extensive data collection program with the data analysis, and the development, calibration and application of a set of dynamic models, in order to assess the effect of management measures on these water quality aspects.The data collection program contained weekly and hourly monitoring of water quality variables. Characteristics of the sediment and characteristics of the light field were measured in fall velocity experiments with various sediment samples. Experiments were conducted with light and dark bottles and with a large perspex cylinder filled with Oscillatoria agardhii and placed in the lake. These experiments produced information on the growth characteristics of Oscillatoria agardhii in the Markermeer and on different kinds of adaptation of growth parameters to the light conditions.The model that has been developed to simulate the effect of management measures on the water quality of the Markermeer focusing on the effect of Oscillatoria agardhii , combines a sediment transport model (STRESS-2d), a light attenuation routine (CLEAR) and a growth model for Oscillatoria agardhii (ALGA). With the integrated model the effect of two management scenarios has been evaluated: the construction of the Markerwaard and increased flushing with water from the IJsselmeer.


Quasi-TEM H-plane horn is usually designed with hard sidewalls to achieve uniform field distribution, but the hard walls limits its bandwidth. Here, open side walls based on the ridge gap waveguide are used to generate the hard walls. The concept is demonstrated numerically by an initial study on an H-plane sector horn. The horn achieves wider bandwidth than dielectric-loaded hard sector horns and has higher gain than normal smooth metal wall sector horns of the same aperture size and length.


Compression tests were conducted with as-cast Ti45A18Nb2Mn0.2B alloy at strain rates of 1-10-3/ s at temperatures of 900-1200℃. Deformation processing and microstructure changes were analyzed. It is found that the strain-rate-sensitivity coefficients range from 0.10 to 0.24 at the test temperatures. The true stress-true strain curve shows a peak stress, then the flow stress decreases into a steady value with the increase in stain. Dynamic re-crystallization occurs in the alloy during the high-temperature deformation and considerable microstructure refinement is achieved. The recrystallized grain size decreases with the decreasing of compression temperature and the increasing of strain rate, that is, with the increase of Zener-Hollomon parameter. Recrystallization processing can be promoted with the increasing of temperature and the decreasing of strain rate.


ACTING as agent for various national societies, the National Research Council is offering additional fellowships which are available to newly separated officers of the Department of Medicine holding M.D. or Ph.D. degrees. These fellowships are in the fields of cancer research and anesthesiology. Funds for the former are being provided by the American Cancer Society and are administered by the newly appointed Cornmittee on Growth of the National Research Council. Fellowship stipends vary from $2,000 to $3,000 per year. They are intended, as a rule, for those who are under thiirty-four years of age. Although they are for a period of one year, they may be renewed. A limited number of senior fellowships for older, particularly well-qualified individuals planning to specialize in cancer research are available for threeyear periods with stipends of $3,000 to $6,000 per annum. Applications should have been filed before February 1. Fellowships in anesthesiology, supported by the American Society of Anesthesiologists, are in addition to those in filtrable viruses, orthopedic surgery and the medical sciences. Applications should be filed before July 1. Further information and application forms can be obtained from The Chairman, Division of Medical Sciences, National Research Council, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington 25, D. C.


Abstract The 0.3–1.0 μm optical constants of the aerosols in the dark SL-9 Jupiter impact blemishes are nearly identical to those of the organic residue in the Murchison carbonaceous chondrite. Porous poly-HCN is also a reasonable match. The mass of organics needed to produce a typical blemish is 0.8–8 × 10 13 g, depending on the aerosol porosity. The 10 μm emission feature seen during the splash-back phase for the impact of fragment R, however, requires ∼1–5 × 10 12 g of astronomical silicate. The organics from the blemishes cannot be present at this point, or else its greater abundance would dominate the thermal flux, hiding or greatly modifying the 10 μm silicate feature. Furthermore, this mass of silicates, but not the mass of organics in the blemishes, is consistent with the HST reflectances of the impact plumes if the aerosols have radii ∼0.1 μm. In addition to the blemishes, a large expanding ring was observed for the G and K impacts between 3 and 4 μm but was not detected outside that range. Titan tholin has a strong absorption edge near 3 μm which decays by a factor of 8 by 4 μm. Poly-HCN and Murchison organic residue have similar but less extreme behavior. If the radiation from the ring is thermal emission instead of reflected sunlight, this feature is best explained by a very thin cloud of hot Titan tholin-like aerosols at the few microbar level. The rings require ∼10 10 g of material. The mass of organics required to produce the blemishes is comparable to the organic abundance expected in the ∼10 14 -g fragments, assuming cometary composition. However, the high temperature of the fireball would likely destroy most, if not all, of the organic matter contained within the fragments. Because of the low abundance of HCN seen at the impact sites, shock synthesis of organics from the jovian atmosphere is an improbable production mechanism. Quench synthesis of organics from cometary dissociation products, though, may satisfy the large mass requirements. The expanding ring requires a low enough mass of tholin that the latter is reasonably the result of shock synthesis, possibly during the splash-back phase.


ABSTRACT
AIMS & OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of Short-Arc and Isometric Quadriceps exercises on Quadriceps strength and health related quality of life among Anterior Knee pain patients by using EMG biofeedback.

METHODOLOGY
Total 80 participants were recruited and randomly distributed in two groups; A and B. Individuals in group A performed isometric quadriceps exercise while group B participants performed short-arc exercise for 1st, 6th and 8th week along with a home exercise programme. Pre and post treatment assessment was performed using EMG Biofeedback, VAS, and KUJALA scoring questionnaire. Statistically, data was analysed using SPSS version 20.

RESULTS
After 8 weeks, EMG Biofeedback revealed the higher effectiveness short-arc exercises with value 88.20mv ± 6.64 comparing isometric quadriceps exercises. Moreover, Wilcoxon rank test revealed statistically significant improvement in VAS score with p-value <0.05. Furthermore, KUJALA score also advocated the effectiveness of short-arc exercises with statistically significant values (p-value < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
The study concluded the effectiveness of Short-arc quadriceps exercises comparing to static-quadriceps exercises in improving muscles strength, pain and health related quality of life after 8 weeks of intervention.


Hydrostatic pressing was investigated as a method of fabricating long preforms made from uranium powder. A laboratory scale pressure vessel was constructed to evaluate the feasibility of this process. Various metal powders were loaded into flexible molds and subjected to pressure in an enclosed liquid. The high density of uranium caused the flexible molds to distort during filling and after pressing there was a tendency for the compact to adhere to the mold. Methods of minimizing these difficulties are suggested. Uranium powder, compacted in a plastic mold at 21 tsi had a density of 12.5 g/cc. During the course of the investigation, it was found that hydrostatic pressing of other metal powders presented advantages over conventional steel die methods, especially in the ability to press experimental shapes using economical equipment. Recommendations were made for further development work on both cold and hot hydrostatic pressing. (auth)


A hydrocarbon adsorption unit for recovery of volatile hydrocarbons which emanate from several sources and which would otherwise be released into the atmosphere through the air cleaner of an automobile engine when the engine is shut-off. The unit is positioned in the air intake system such that all air flowing through the engine passes through the unit. The unit comprises a housing having an air inlet and an air outlet. The housing contains a substrate and a volatile hydrocarbon adsorber material coated on the surface of the substrate. The adsorber material may be silica gel, a molecular sieve and/or activated carbon. The material further contains a binder that will cause the material to adhere to the surface of the substrate.


The EFL classrooms in the globalised world have bee n witnessing many changes in terms of the teachinglearning processes. To become a global citizen, the students are expected to complement their studies with the required LSRW skills. The English teachers especially teachers in ESL and EFL classrooms have been meeting this chal lenge with quite some success. For these purposes, activities in the English classroom have been playing an important r ole. In this paper, I wish to discuss one such activity, which has the potential to develop the skills of communication es pecially, speaking and writing skills; in terms of improving their cogniti ve learning skills which assist them in the acts of interpretation. At the same time it also initiates the students in terms o f m tivation and creativity thus improving their cr itical thinking skills. The activity concerns itself with the use of 'adver tisements' in the English classroom. A part of 'per suasive discourse', it carries a high impact factor that can affect stu dents in more than one ways. The activity may be us ed for the intermediate and under-graduate students and can be adjusted acc ording to the levels of their comprehension and rec eption.


The article discusses poetry prevalent in Australia and how it differs from poet to poet. The analysis of the term 'self' from several poetic viewpoints is highlighted. Since Robert Lowell's 'Life Studies' was published in 1959 some significant changes have occurred in Australian poetry. One of the most important is the nature of authorial presence, or the various senses of 'self we find in contemporary Australian poetry. Speaking in the broadest possible terms, it seems that much of the local poetry produced over the last fifteen years or so operates in a similar way to Life Studies a protagonist working through the material of his personal life in his poetry, and examining himself in the context of his family, his immediate society and the broader culture generally. Prominent among the contemporary Australian poets who write in this mode are Bruce Beaver, Vincent Buckley, Geoffrey Lehmann, and Evan Jones. Finally, however, the differences between these poets are both more significant and more interesting than the broad ways in which they resemble each other. It may be useful to begin with the cliched term 'confessional' as a way into examining what kind of sense of 'self we may find in a particular poet's work.


We investigate the relationship between tropical Pacific and Southern Ocean variability during the Holocene using the stable oxygen isotope and magnesium/calcium records of cooccurring planktonic and benthic foraminifera from a marine sediment core collected in the western equatorial Pacific. The planktonic record exhibits millennial-scale sea surface temperature (SST) oscillations over the Holocene of ~0.5°C while the benthic δ18Oc document ~0.10‰ millennial-scale changes of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW), a water mass which outcrops in the Southern Ocean. Solar forcing as an explanation for millennial-scale SST variability requires (1) a large climate sensitivity and (2) a long 400 year delayed response, suggesting that if solar forcing is the cause of the variability, it would need to be considerably amplified by processes within the climate system at least at the core location. We also explore the possibility that SST variability arose from volcanic forcing using a simple red noise model. Our best estimates of volcanic forcing falls short of reproducing the amplitude of observed SST variations although it produces power at low-frequency similar to that observed in the MD81 record. Although we cannot totally discount the volcanic and solar forcing hypotheses, we are left to consider that the most plausible source for Holocene millennial-scale variability lies within the climate system itself. In particular, UCDW variability coincided with deep North Atlantic changes, indicating a role for the deep ocean in Holocene millennial-scale variability.


We are presenting a case of Sirenomelia (Mermaid Syndrome), which is an extreme example of the caudal regression syndrome. It invariably presents with lower limb fusion, sacral and pelvic bony anomalies, absent external genitalia, imperfor a te anus, and renal agenesis or dysgenesis. There are approximately 300 cases reported in the literature, 15% of which are associated with twinning, most often monozygotic. The syndrome of caudal regression is thought to be the result of injury to the caudal mesoderm early in gestation. The case encountered was a stillborn baby.


The effect of heat treatment of ZnO and the content of rosin on the setting time and the sealability of zinc oxide-eugenol system as a base material for a new antibacterial root canal sealer were determined. It is concluded that the zinc oxide-eugenol system contained ZnO heated at 700°C and 30 percent of rosin is appropriate for the new antibacterial root canal sealer.


We are happy that communism ended mostly peacefully in East-Central Europe in 1989. That civil society channeled peaceful dissent in the northern part of this region was important. Nevertheless, it is wrong to minimize other factors. The action of the main leaders of the Soviet Union and the United States were equally or more crucial. Gorbachev's unwillingness to sustain old Soviet interventionist policies and Reagan's decision to treat Gorbachev with respect and agree to weapons reductions against the advice of many of his most hawkish advisors were necessary for this to come out well. But unfortunately, because the role of civil society was blown out of proportion, and also because the transition from communism went relatively smoothly, mistaken conclusions were drawn by American policy makers. They came to believe that civil society everywhere in the world was inclined to be democratic, peaceful, and pro-American. In fact, that has not been the case, and the kind of easy transition to free market democracy that marked much of East-Central Europe has not been replicated elsewhere, particularly not in the Middle East and Afghanistan. It might have been more appropriate to conclude from the events of 1989 that Yugoslavia, not Poland, was the case that most resembled the ethnically and religiously divided parts of the world, and to remember that even in Poland the homogeneity of the population was the result of brutal genocide, mass expulsions, and forced boundary changes that had taken place as a result of World War II.


The advancement of technology has brought transformation in education. Utilisation of social media to promote learning are increasing exponentially at secondary and tertiary education levels. However, the researcher was still doubting using social media on current primary school pupils. Thus, this study aimed to explore the use of social media among primary school pupils and how they perceive towards the use of English in writing on social media. Questionnaires were distributed among 37 primary 4 pupils in a Chinese vernacular school in a Southern state in Malaysia. The findings showed that YouTube is the most prominent tool used among the pupils and they have good competency in using the social media which they always use. Pupils use social media for academically and non-academically purposes. However, slightly more than half of the pupils do not have positive perceptions towards using English in writing on social media. Social media could be exploited in learning writing activities to increase the awareness of pupils towards a better writing performance.


The application of lyophilization to the preservation of BCG, in an effort to combat the rapid loss in allergenic potency of the liquid vaccine, has presented important technical difficulties. Although the effectiveness of lyophilized BCG in producing tuberculin conversion appears to be as great as that of the fresh vaccine,"118,2 clinical experience has shown that its use engenders quantitatively lessened tuberculin reactions"'5 that frequently are temporally delayed."7'18'2' More important, however, is the fact that the protective value of lyophilized vaccines against challenge infection with virulent tubercle bacilli is less than that produced by fresh, liquid vaccines."' Inasmuch as the allergenic potency of the vaccine has been shown to be a function of the viability of the suspension5'9 the failure of dried vaccines has been attributed to the large decrement in viable cells that occurs during the period of lyophilization itself,"5 and the smaller decrease that occurs in the storage period which follows. Initial attempts at prolonging the effective life of BCG vaccine were made in Russia in 1937.1' From the start, workers have experienced difficulty, and the tendency has been to use accessory substances along with the vaccine suspension to enhance its stability. Excipients such as glucose,""' starch," lactose,' " 16 gelatin,' denatured gelatin,'5 serum,6'2 sucrose, gum arabic,"1 peptone solution,9 sodium ammonium pectate, and glutamic, malic, and succinic acids' have been tried. It has been suggested recently that Tweenalbumin medium, as used for diffuse, submerged growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, be used as the vehicle for lyophilization.'5 Rosenthal'8 has reported excellent results using a mixture of lactose, asparagin, buffered salts, and glycerine as a suspending menstruum. Reported s-urvival rates vary from 100 per cent2'" to about 14 per cent,'0 immediately following lyophilization. Birkhaug' reports a survival rate of 2.83 to 3.26 per cent three to twelve months after freeze-drying. Preliminary experiments carried out in this laboratory having supported the reports of low survival rates following lyophilization and, further, having indicated that BCG could not be successfully stabilized in the absence of drying excipients a survey has been made of sixty-two adjuvants, embracing


This paper presents intelligent solid-state drives (SSDs), which decrease memory errors by 95% and reduce power consumption by 43%. Figure 11.4.1 shows the measured memory cell error in the data retention and program disturb of 4X, 3X and 2Xnm NAND flash memories. As the memory size decreases, both data retention and program disturb errors increase due to the interference, random telegraph noise and reduced electrons [1]. In the scaled NAND, the electric field in the channel increases [2] and the program disturb due to GIDL-induced hot electron injection becomes more significant (Fig. 11.4.1(c)). In conventional SSDs, 20 to 40b correction per 1KB codeword error-correcting code (ECC) is used to correct errors [3]. As stronger codes, such as LDPC, are developed [4], the capability of ECC is close to the Shannon limit of a few percent error correction. Thus, the additional high-reliability scheme is required. As the feature size decreases, the power consumption increases due to the increased bit-line capacitance of NAND [5]. As the space between bitlines decreases, the inter bitline capacitance increases. To overcome reliability and power problems in SSDs, this paper describes two technologies. Asymmetric coding improves memory-cell reliability by 95% without access-time penalty. Stripe pattern elimination algorithm eliminates the worst program data pattern and decreases the power during the program by 43% without circuit area or access time overhead.


With the increase of UV-sensitive groups, more and more attention is paid on the problems of UV-sensitive skins. However, the methods to evaluate the photosensitive damage are more often than not for animal testing. In this paper, a relatively less time consuming and less expensive convenient method is developed to detect the damage of UV-A by red blood cell hemolysis, first to obtain the hemoglobin of the injured red blood cell, and then to calculate the hemolytic rate. The experiments on the effects of ultraviolet light or photo sensitizer alone, the different exposure times and the different drug concentrations show that the red blood cell hemolysis does not occur under ultraviolet light radiation alone without chlorpromazine nor only with chlorpromazine without ultraviolet light radiation. With the chlorpromazine content of 0.33mg/mL in red blood cell, 50% hemolysis can be resulted after being radiated by ultraviolet for about 30min, and 100% hemolysis after 60min of radiation. 10 kinds of Chinese medicine were found with the active ingredients of antiphotosensitive from ginkgo biloba leaf, tea polyphenols, grape seed extraction, as the most potential anti-photosensitive materials. Among them, the main components of ginkgo biloba flavonoids were shown be able to prevent the damage of UV on the cell membrane from the source through the broad UV absorption capacity, tea polyphenols and grape seed polyphenols could protect the cell membrane by scavenging free radicals and other optical products.


Highly selective etching of SiO2 over Si is central to the manufacture of ultralarge scale integration devices; the process is generally one of reactive ion etching using polymerizing fluorocarbon chemistry. A number of species including electrons, ions, and radicals are generated by reactions in the gas phase and on the surface in the plasma process. A large number of highly reactive fluorine atoms, fluorocarbon radicals, and ions interact with the substrate and produce etch products. These etch products, primarily SiF4 and SiF2, diffuse back into the bulk plasma where they are dissociated and ionized by interactions with electrons, and the resultant products are transported and redeposited onto the substrate and/or wall surface. That is, the plasma structure may differ depending on whether the Si (or SiO2) surface has been exposed to etching or not. Hence, it is essential to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of the plasma structure during etching. In this study, measurements of plasma struc...


Two 1–3 piezocomposite rings have been recently electroacoustically evaluated for sonar application. The two rings have outer diameters of 345 mm, 101.6‐mm height and a wall thickness of 5 mm. Both have a 5% Navy type II piezoceramic volume concentration loading. The host epoxy of one ring is soft while the other is hard. Both rings had 17.78 by 25.4 mm rectangular elements etched into a 3 by 3 element pattern in their outer electrode for direct in‐water performance comparison with a previous design utilizing individual elements of the same dimensions [Howarth et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 2325–2326 (A) (1992)]. The in‐water measurements include wide‐band free‐field voltage sensitivity (FFVS), transmitting voltage response (TVR), and radiation patterns in both the XY and XZ planes. A laser Doppler vibrometry was used for in‐air evaluation of the piezoelectric charge constant and surface displacement. Interelement coupling data will also be presented. [Work sponsored by the Office of Naval Research.]


Abstract 2-(Arylamino)phenyliminophosphoranes, formed directly from 2-nitrosodiarylamines, undergo a high-yielding cyclocondensation with CS2, providing a variety of 1-arylbenzimidazole-2-thiones. The reaction concludes a new synthetic route leading to the title compounds from simple nitroarenes and arylamines. The protocol is superior to common methods that use N-arylarylenediamines because it omits the SNAr substitution of halogen atoms in ortho-halonitroarenes, as well as reduction processes required for the synthesis of the intermediate diamines.


We investigate the effects that new business formation has on employment in incumbent firms and compare it to the development in the start-ups. The analysis is performed for West German regions over the 1984-2002 period. It shows that the employment effects of new businesses on the incumbents are significantly positive. Moreover, we find indication that these effects on incumbents are considerably larger than the employment that is directly generated in the start-ups. We draw conclusions for policy and for further research.


Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 is prepared by spray drying of an aqueous solution of Cu(OAc)2, Mn(OAc)2, and citric acid with an outlet temperature of 185 °C followed by pre-sintering in air (300 °C, 3 h).


Cultural tourism in modern metropolises has a different way of development from that in small native societies or communities. Also, the consequences of such development may show features that have not yet proved attractive for serious researchers, especially in China. Most studies of cultural tourism focus on the impacts of tourism development on those typical and unique ethnic communities, and consequently ignore its counterpart in modern cities. This paper is devoted to describing and analysing the features of cultural tourism development in modern Beijing.


Mice with uniparental partial or complete disomies for any one of 11 identified chromosomes show abnormal phenotypes. The abnormalities, or imprinting effects, can be attributable to an incorrect dosage of maternal or paternal copies of imprinted gene(s) located within the regions involved. Here we show that combinations of partial disomies may result in interactions between imprinting effects that seemingly independently affect fetal and/or placental growth in different ways or modify neonatal and postnatal imprinting effects. Candidate genes within the regions have been identified. The findings are generally in accord with the "conflict hypothesis" for the evolution of genomic imprinting but do not clearly demonstrate common growth axes within which imprinted genes may interact. Instead, it would seem that any gene that represses or limits embryonic/fetal growth to the advantage of the mother—by any developmental means—will have been subject to evolutionary selection for paternal allele repression. Likewise, any gene that favors embryonic/fetal development at consequent cost to the mother—by any developmental means—will have faced selection for maternal allele repression. The classical Igf2-Igf2r axis may therefore be unique. The findings involve reinterpretation of older imprinting data and consequently revision of the mouse imprinting map.


ISO TC 37 is creating a Data Category Registry (DCR) as an online open-source RDF-based resource for use by implementers of electronic language resources, including terminologies, presentational and non-presentational lexical resources, NLP lexica, etc. The DCR will allow dynamic generation of data category selections (DCSs), e.g., subsets of the collection reflecting various thematic domains and different data category classes and functions. The DCR will facilitate interchange and interoperability in heterogeneous environments. Participation of a wide range of experts from the broader computing community is important, as is provision for userfriendly guidance for implementers of databases and other resources. Data Categories for Language Resources


MATLAB is a very useful and powerful software in engineering researches and analyses. Based on MATLAB, in this paper, we design and implement several graphical user interfaces(GUIs) applied to the analyses of signals and systems in order to display the advantages of the applications of MATLAB GUIs in teaching the course of signals and systems. The GUIs are designed as the interfaces of user-computer interaction and the parameters in the GUIs are adjustable, which can make the analysis processes of signals and systems easily controlled and visualized, thus understood more easily by students.


AlanWilliams'swebsitedescribeshimasa''pseudo-retired professor of economics still active inpromoting more explicit priority-setting based oncost-effectivenessapproachestobothhealthmaxim-isationandthereductionofhealthinequalities''.Heiswidely acknowledged as the most influential ofBritishhealtheconomistsandindeedthefatherofthesub-discipline in the United Kingdom, as evidencedby respondents to a survey of British healtheconomists who, when asked about the paperdeemed most influential on both the discipline andpolicy,answered''anythingwrittenbyAlanWilliams''(1) and specifically his 1985 paper reproduced here.Atfirstsightitmayappearoddthateconomistsshould choose as ''most influential'' a paper aboutcoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and more-over one published in a medical journal. We believethat the following features account for the seminalnatureofthepaper:thecollectionofmethodologicalaspects that were innovative at that time; the closerelationship between analysis and policy; the frankacknowledgement of the limitations in data quality;andthevisionofafutureresearchagenda.However,the active involvement of its author in proselytisingand arguing for his overall vision that ''an explicitapproachbasedoncost-effectivenessreasoningisonstrongermoralgroundthananyotherapproach''hasalso been a key reason for the paper's success instimulating the research and policy directions ofmany others (including economists).Williams's paper introduced four specificmethodological ideas to the context of decision-making in the UK National Health Service (NHS):application of the quality-adjusted life year (QALY)as a measure of effectiveness of interventions;calculation of ratios of cost per QALY gained frominterventions; presentation of the first 'league table'comparingtherelativecost-effectivenessofdifferentinterventions; and recognition that sub-groups ofpatients may have differential cost-effectivenessratios. Parts of these ideas had been developed andapplied in earlier publications in the USA (2, 3)butnever in the UK. The approach of combiningquantity and quality of life across different healthinterventions in the league table was particularlyinfluentialinmovingcost-effectivenessanalysisawayfrom only piecemeal decision-making to broadersectoral planning (4).In terms of policy implications, the paperconcluded that CABG compared extremely favour-ablywithhearttransplantsandtreatmentofend-stagerenal failure, favourably with valve replacement foraortic stenosis and implantation of pacemakers forheartblock,andlessfavourablywithhipreplacements.The more severe a case of angina, the more cost-effectiveitwastotreatwithCABG,andonlythemostsevere cases were judged to be ''a fairly strongclaimant'' on any extra resources. These werecontroversialconclusionsaimedatstimulatingfurtherdebate. The paper was published at an importantpoint: a consensus conference had recommended alarge increase in CABG operations; the UK Depart-ment of Health and Social Security had just signifi-cantlyextendedthehearttransplantprogramme;andadetailed report on the costs and benefits of the hearttransplantation programme had been completed (5).The paper was the first to compare directly theefficiency of very different types of health careinterventions and, by so doing, to challenge UKgovernmentpolicy.However,itwasalsoimportantforthefutureacceptanceoftheapproachthatseveralkeypeople involved in these debates had been part of the


This research investigates preference uncertainty generated as a function of specific alternative characteristics during multiattribute evaluative judgments. We propose that preference uncertainty has at least two behavioral manifestations: longer judgment times and greater response error in expressed preferences. We investigate two hypotheses regarding stimulus-based causes of preference uncertainty. As predicted by our attribute conflict hypothesis, greater within-alternative conflict discrepancy among the attributes of an evaluative alternative led to longer judgment times and greater response error. As predicted by our attribute extremity hypothesis, greater attribute extremity very high or low attribute values resulted in shorter judgment times and less response error. We also found that judgment times and response errors were strongly positively correlated at the item level, consistent with our assumption that preference uncertainty generated by stimulus characteristics is manifested in judgment time and error. Finally, we found that the item-level preference uncertainty effects proposed here operate in parallel with strategy-level, effort-accuracy tradeoffs observable across participants. These findings are consistent with the RandMAU random multiattribute utility model developed in a companion article by Fischer et al. 2000.


The prehistoric avian fauna from the Charlie Lake Cave site, Peace River District, British Columbia, spans the last IO 500 years and includes birds from eleven orders. Prior to about I O O00 B.P. the fauna is sparse and the most common species is Cliff Swallow (Hirundo pyrrhonota), which probably nested at the site. The avian fauna from IO 000 B.P. to the present is dominated by wetland associated birds (mainly grebes and ducks) of the same species found in the area today and is consistent with the establishment of boreal forest by 10 O00 B.P. From about 8000 B.P. Passenger Pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) occurs and appears to have been a regular component of the local fauna. The assemblages demonstrate rapid colonization of boreal environments by bird populations by 10 O00 B.P. and probably indicate that the modern patterns of migration were established early in the Holocene.


This paper establishes the global in time existence of classical solutions to the 2D anisotropic Boussinesq equations with vertical dissipation. When only the vertical dissipation is present, there is no direct control on the horizontal derivatives and the global regularity problem is very challenging. To solve this problem, we bound the derivatives in terms of the $L^\infty$-norm of the vertical velocity $v$ and prove that $\|v\|_{L^{r}}$ with $2\le r<\infty$ at any time does not grow faster than $\sqrt{r \log r}$ as $r$ increases. A delicate interpolation inequality connecting $\|v\|_{L^\infty}$ and $\|v\|_{L^r}$ then yields the desired global regularity.


: Business Process execution analysis is crucial for organizations to evaluate and improve them. Process mining provides the means to do so, but several challenges arise when dealing with data extraction and integration. Most scenarios consider implicit processes in support systems, with the process and organizational data being analyzed separately. Nowadays, many organizations increasingly integrate process-oriented support systems, such as BPMS, where process data execution is registered within the process engine database and organizational data in distributed potentially heterogeneous databases. They can follow the relational model or NoSQL ones, and organizational data can come from different systems, services, social media, or several other sources. Then, process and organizational data must be integrated to be used as input for process mining tasks and provide a complete view of the operation to detect and make improvements. In this paper, we extend previous work to support the collection of process and organizational data from heterogeneous sources, the integration of these data, and the automated generation of XES event logs to be used as input for process mining.


Lung cancer is a complex disease. The identification of a disease biomarker is still challenging. Affinity Propagation (AP) is a clustering algorithm to cluster a set of data by identifying similar data points in an iterative process. By applying a microarray dataset, this leads to a scalability issue for large data points. In this work, Pearson's correlation was used for calculating a similarity matrix with subsequent pruning for further constructing a gene co-expression network. The AP has been applied to identify sub-network biomarkers of four lung cancer expression datasets based on two different microarray platforms. Parallel computing was applied to tackle high dimensionality and to reduce the time consumption of measuring similarity by Pearson's correlation and similarity matrix construction.


The taxonomic status of Notocaris tapscotti Broom, a pygocephalomorphic crustacean from the Dwyka 'White Band' of South Africa is discussed, a reconstruction of the external morphology suggested and new collecting localities recorded. Introduction Systematics Material and localities . References PAGE


The prehistoric Hohokam conducted a great variety of activities in the spaces between their villages, including social gatherings and ceremonial observances as well as economic and subsistence practices. Recent full-coverage pedestrian survey along the middle Gila River in central Arizona indicates that nonresidential sites are more numerous and cover considerably greater area than residential settlements. Unfortunately, in the Hohokam region researchers are not always able to distinguish residential sites from activity areas based on features observable on the surface. In this study, quantitative measures of artifact density and diversity of surface collections from artifact scatters are used to distinguish residential sites from nonresidential sites. This is accomplished by assessing the extent to which their assemblages resemble artifact collections from known habitations, campsites, or specialized or diverse activity loci. Differences in artifact density and diversity enable many ambiguous artifact scatters to be classified into these general functional site types. Knowing the distribution of site types relative to elements of the natural and cultural landscapes can provide insight into past social and ecological or economic behaviors not offered by site-specific approaches. The study concludes that considering both the physical and cultural dimensions of landscapes significantly increases the research value of nonresidential sites for understanding the use and meaning of spaces between villages.


This article presents a method for computer-aided tutor evaluation: Bayesian Networks are used for organizing the collected data about tutors and for enabling accurate estimations and predictions about future tutor behavior. The model provides indications about each tutor's strengths and weaknesses, which enables the evaluator to exploit strengths to the benefit of the university and offer advice for tutors' improvement. It also allows the evaluator to make hypotheses about potential tutor approaches and test the effect of such approaches on the educational procedure in advance. The article briefly discusses Bayesian Networks and introduces a model that has been used at the Hellenic Open University for aiding tutor evaluation.


Born in Paris in 1755, Madame LeBrun reached the height of her career as a portrait painter in the years before the Revolution. Then, an ardent royalist sensing danger because of her sympathies, she escaped into exile. Her life is interesting not only because she was a woman who painted Marie Antoinette and the aristocracy of the eighteenth century superbly, but also because she was a courageous woman, far ahead of her time, who had the ambition and ability to rise above her early povertystricken background. Her friends claimed nature had endowed her with all the talents and virtues it can bestow. While many


Green syntheses of silver nanoparticles have fascinated currently and simple method instead of physical and chemical approaches. In the present study, bioengineered nanoparticles were synthesized using fresh leaves of Ipomoea pes-tigridis. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized and confirmed by UV Spectrophotometer, followed by EDX, SEM, XRD and FTIR. The nanoparticle size and morphology was confirmed through scanning electron microscope. The resonant oscillation of conduction of electrons with the sample was observed by UV spectra and obtained the peak 440nm. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis has given a strong signal in the silver region which confirmed the presence of elemental silver in the sample. The functional groups present in I. pes-tigridis are responsible for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles were confirmed through FTIR. Further, the synthesized nanoparticles showed high efficiency against drug resistant microbes in the laboratory.


Novel method of resonant fatigue testing achieved by two-dimension(abbr. 2D) high rotational valve controlled hydraulic cylinder is studied. Resonant fatigue testing scheme of 2D high rotational valve controlled asymmetrical hydraulic cylinder is proposed. Vibration frequency and amplitude of the fatigue test rig are controlled respectively by rotation and linear motion of the spool of 2D high rotational valve. The change of resonant frequency to the high frequency fatigue test rig is achieved by changing the initial position of the piston in the asymmetric cylinder. Mathematical models of 2D high rotational valve, asymmetrical hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic system consisting of 2D high rotational valve controlled asymmetrical hydraulic cylinder are established.Nonlinear simulation model based on Simulink is used to study the impact of the damper on amplitude-frequency characteristics of the output load force, phase-frequency characteristics of the output load force and the flow rate, when the initial volume of the non-rod chamber of the asymmetric hydraulic cylinder is constant. And the waveform distortion of the output load force and the control method of the output load force amplitude are studied in the resonant working condition. Experimental results verify the feasibility of the novel method of electro-hydraulic resonant fatigue testing. The adoption of the scheme of 2D high rotational valve controlled asymmetric hydraulic cylinder can effectively increase the resonant frequency of electro-hydraulic fatigue testing and extend the application scope of resonant electro-hydraulic fatigue test rig.


A population genetics model of the role of asymmetric pairing and unequal exchange in the stabilization of transposable element copy number in natural populations is proposed and analysed. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the approximations incorporated into the analysis are robust in the relevant parameter ranges. Given several simple assumptions concerning transposition and excision, equal and unequal exchange, and chromosome structure, predictions of the relative numbers of transposable elements in various regions of the Drosophila melanogaster genome are compared to the observed distribution of roo / B104 elements across chromosomal regions with differing rates of exchange, and between X chromosomes and autosomes. There is no indication of an accumulation of elements in the distal regions of chromosomes, which is expected if unequal exchange is reduced concomitantly with normal crossing over in the distal regions. There is, however, an indication of an excess of elements relative to physical length in the proximal regions of the chromosomes, which also have restricted crossing over. This observation is qualitatively consistent with the model's predictions. The observed distribution of elements between the mid-sections of the X chromosomes and autosomes is consistent with the predictions of one of two models of unequal exchange.


Hyperthyroidism is one the commonest endocrine diseases encountered in our daily practice. The classical features of hyperthyroidism include palpitation, tremor, heat intolerance, anxiety and weight loss despite increase in appetite. Although the clinical features are easy to recognise in most of the patients, it is important to recognise a large variety of atypical presentations. Some patients may present to gastroenterologists with symptoms such as diarrhoea and vomiting1, or to cardiologists with cardiac problems such as atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure2. Raised alkaline phosphatase with weight loss may mislead the physicians to the suspicion of underlying malignancy or liver problem3. Thyrotoxic patients may also present with generalised weakness due to either myopathy or hypokalaemia, which leads to the suspicion of underlying neurological problem4. Hyperthyroidism may present with apathy and decreased appetite in elderly instead of common presentation of increased appetite5.


Abstract A preliminary study on nucleolus organizer region polymorphism was carried out in a Sicilian population of Lebias fasciata using several staining techniques (Ag‐staining, CMA3‐staining, and FISH). Intrapopulation polymorphism of the number and size of the rDNA loci was found. A maximum of six NORs was found, involving four chromosome pairs both in homozygotic and het‐erozygotic conditions. Duplication of NORs was also detected.


Historically, vibration technology was the only means available to assess many mechanical failures in the field. However, there are conditions in which it is physically impossible to reach proximity to the system in question, being either motor, or the driven load. Using examples from recent field experiences, the new technology's approach, and the breakthrough value of the instantaneous torque signal will be evaluated diagnosing several cases in the field: looseness in a 1.5 hp coupling, a deteriorated 1250Hp submerged pump, diagnosing the pumping of sand in deep well pumps, failure modes of mechanical unbalance and bearing failures for an in-duct mounted 5hp fan in nuclear environments, rotor-bar count independent assessment of eccentricity for cryogenically cooled pumps for line operated applications. Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) applications pose particular challenges to maintenance due to their dynamic behavior, which is exemplified with one application. Here, the instantaneous torque signal is used to diagnose all three of the following dynamic maintenance challenges: regeneration, dynamic overloading during acceleration, and oscillations (hunting) during steady speed operation. Comparisons of the signal qualities for current and torque signals for the identical data acquisition runs will clarify the advantages of the instantaneous torque signal in the time domain, in the frequency domain, and in the demodulation domain. Overall, the concept of torque signature analysis will be explained in such a way that the reader will be capable of identifying looseness, oscillations, cavitation and more, just by looking at torque signatures. This will allow the attendees to forecast applications, in which transient torque monitoring could ensure proper root cause analysis for predictive maintenance; allowing them to identify the most suitable technology for the conditions that they are facing.


At the turn of the twenty-first century, Taiwan is a global hot spot. The events and rhetoric surrounding Taiwan's second presidential election in March 2000 raised fears that tensions in the region might result in actual warfare among nuclear powers. Why is Taiwan—with a stable, democratic government and a strong economy—considered a threat to world peace? The People's Republic of China (PRC) disputes Taiwan's de facto sovereignty. The "one China" policy, officially supported by the PRC, the U.S., and many other countries, and formerly supported by Taiwan, asserts that there is only one China and that Taiwan is a part of it.1 And yet, Taiwan is clearly no more a part of the PRC at the turn of the twentyfirst century than, say, South Korea. So why does the PRC dispute Taiwan's sovereignty? Ultimately, the problem is one of identity—Han ethnic identity, Chinese national identity, and the relationship of both of these identities to the new Taiwanese identity forged in the 1990s.* The PRC


Psychiatric symptoms are more prevalent in Huntington's disease (HD) than the general population, but reasons for this are unknown. The primary aim of this research was to investigate possible familial influences on the psychiatric phenotype in HD.

96 gene positive and 5 gene negative siblings were recruited from 50 HD families throughout the UK and underwent a lifetime psychiatric history assessment using semi-structured interview and case-note review.

Gene positive index individuals had high lifetime rates of depressive (56%) and anxiety (38%) disorders. Their depressive episodes were less severe and more frequent with an older age of onset and fewer biological symptoms than individuals with depression without HD. Within gene positive sibling-pairs (n=53), there was significant familial aggregation of the presence (ĸ=0.46, \(p\)=0.004) and course (ICC=0.47, \(p\)=0.002) of depressive disorders and the presence of irritability (ĸ=0.357, \(p\)=0.024) and aggression (ĸ=OJ84, \(p\)=O.Ol6). Two gene negative siblings had lifetime psychiatric diagnoses.

The high prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in HD cannot be entirely explained by the HD gene. Familial factors, most likely other genetic factors, are likely to play a role. Further research into the contribution of biological and environmental factors to the psychiatric phenotype in large samples of individuals with HD is warranted.


The expressway has played a great role in promoting the development of the national economy in China, but because of its characteristics, which include high speed, closed off, and great traffic flow, unexpected incidents are more detrimental than along ordinary roads. The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific and technical support for incident decision-making methods on expressways. With the methods of data reporting, data collection, data input, data analysis, incident management, and leader decision, the effective operation of the inquiry and analysis mechanism is the focus of this paper. Based on Intelligent Transportation Systems, expressway emergency processing systems use new technology and ways to handle the accident quickly, accurately locate and identify dynamic rapid rescue lines, and to solve the issue with new ideas. Three layers of calculation structures are established involving a standard web server, an application server, and a database server. Also, the distributed objected-oriented design method, TCP/IP safety protocol, and java web service techniques are applied. Based on geophysical and geographical data, warning databases, crisis databases, prediction and evaluation models, emergency command databases, and expert knowledge, the databases are finally established.


This paper introduces a class of convex cones,named polyhedral cone,and corresponding concept of polyhedral-cone efficient solution to multi-objective programming problems.Based on the interval preference information to an underlying utility function presented by decision maker,a coordinated convex cone with two parameters,preference information intensity and preference information direction is constructed.Further discussion about the relationship between the set of polyhedral-cone efficient solutions and the interval preference information with respect to multi-objective programming problems is also elaborated.Finally,numerical examples to illustrate the relationship among interval preference information,polyhedral cones and the set of polyhedral-cone efficient solutions are provided.


This article deals with the fraud of the principle of legitimate trust as the basis of the non-contractual liability of the State, which is one of the most common issues in the legal daily life within the framework of administrative and judicial proceedings, whose theoretical foundations have been addressed by the doctrine and jurisprudence both local and foreign, and served to justify positions of protection and guarantee of subjective legal situations, that although they do not have the status of rights acquired or consolidated within the patrimony of citizens, it can not be said of they constitute mere expectations without protection, but are scenarios that demand the protection of the legal system under the denomination of "legitimate expectations" and / or "states of trust" in a context of social justice, thus basing judicial decisions that impose obligations to the State, still of a compensatory nature as, under a title of autonomous imputation located within the regime of strict liability.


The present invention provides a door mirror and assembly method therefor with improved assembly performance. A housing support member, housing, and base of a manually retractable door mirror are assembled using screws, a coil spring, and a plate. During assembly, the housing support member is supported in an upside-down position by a jig, and the housing and base are placed in sequence in an upside-down position on the housing support member from above. An electric drive mechanism, fitting, housing, and base of an electrically retractable door mirror are assembled using screws. During assembly, the electric drive mechanism is supported in an upside-down position by a jig, and the fitting, housing, and base are placed in sequence in an upside-down position on the electric drive mechanism from above.


Abstract : This handbook is designed to assist weapon system acquisition program managers and their staffs in balancing materiel readiness risks in programs with concurrency. It is divided into five major parts: the background of the requirement, program factors and their relationships, scheduling techniques and analysis, overview of risk analysis, and planning, management and acquisition strategies. Each of these parts is divided into chapters focusing on major elements of the subject. The handbook is compatible with existing DoD and Air Force regulations pertaining to systems acquisition and logistic support analysis. Pertinent sources for additional information are cited throughout the handbook, with a detailed bibliography included as an appendix. (Author)


Background: PKPR or adolescents friendly health services is a health service for adolescents and can be accessed by adolescents anywhere in Indonesia. In 2014, South Sulawesi, out of 90% of the program target of each district/city that is capable of implementing PKPR, currently only 62.5%. By the end of 2019, it is targeted that 45% of public health centers throughout Indonesia have organized youth health activities. Objectives: Analyzed the implementation of national standards for PKPR services based on five national standards for adolescents care health services, (1) Human resources in health; (2) Health facilities; (3) Youth; (4) Networks; and (5) Health Management in the health center, Makassar. Method: This type of research is a qualitative descriptive with a cross-sectional study. The interviewed informants were 12 puskesmas officers and 1 staff from the Family Health Division of Health Office. The sampling technique used purposive sampling by making criteria. Results: 11 out of 13 references stated that those implementing the PKPR were health workers. 3 out of 12 references stated that the number of trained health workers for PKPR is still small, because of the double burden of work or programs that must be handled by health workers. 10 out of 13 reference answers stated that adolescents' health service package implemented was still related to nutrition and reproductive health. Conclusion: The evaluation of the implementation of the National Standard for PKPR has been implementing in the health center. The best national standards have been implemented, was first standard (human resources in health) and second standard, health facilities, which can be described by the implementation of services inside and outside the building for educational activities to adolescents. The implementation of PKPR that has not been maximally implemented is standard 3 (youth), standard 4 (network), and standard 5 (health management).


Pathogenicity of stable L-form Corynebacterium diphtheriae(CD) against animals was tested.And the effect of cell wall defect on its pathogenicity and the possible molecular mechanism were investigated.L-forms CD were induced with ampicilin in a non-high osmotic medium and then its pure culture of stable L-forms were isolated and collected.Rabbits were injected intradermally with the pure culture and its metabolites at 10 000 times of concentration to observe the local injected part of skin and the pathogenic changes of the animal whole body.Diphtherotoxin in the soluble metabolites of the stable L-form CD was detected with CIEP and SDS-PAGE.The results showed that the stable L-form CD could not cause abnormal appearance on local and/or the whole body.And no diphtherotoxin was detected in its soluble metabolites indicating that cell wall defect might affect the production of diphtherotoxin,therefore lost its pathogenic role in exotoxin production.


For the lightweight design of heavy-duty glass handling manipulators, an optimization method combining response surface methodology and multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) was proposed. The dimensions of the robotic key axes are parameterized by based on the stress and deformation contours obtained from the static analysis. The sample points are obtained by the OSF experimental design method, and the response surface model is constructed to obtain the response surface and sensitivity between each input parameter and output parameter, and to clarify the relationship between each parameter. The MOGA (Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm) is used to solve the response surface model and obtain a set of optimal design points that can achieve the expected goals. The analysis results show that the optimized mechanical arm's key axis deformation and quality are reduced, and the lightweight design goal is achieved.


Microalgae based biofuel is an emerging natural source of energy alternative to the fossil fuel. As microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms, light is one of the limiting factors for its culture. Though many researches have been carried out for findings behind suitable culture system for the proper growth of microalgae, those are confined only to tubular Photo-bioreactor (PBR). This paper aims to make comparison among the horizontal loop photo bioreactors with different cross sections based on the analysis of hydrodynamics behavior. Three different geometrical shapes having vertical cross sections of circular, square and hexagonal PBR, have been proposed taking into account light intensity for microalgae culture. In this study, we simulate the flow dynamics of three types of PBRs and discuss the velocity, pressure and shear stress properties as microalgae endurance capacity depends on them. For the dimension of the three PBRs we considered here, each of them have radius of about 0.05 m while the length together with bending portion is approximately 20.5 m for a single loop. From the study, the hydrodynamic behaviors are observed to be quite dissimilar in case of three PBR's. In the straight portion the velocity profile is quite parabolic in tubular but distorted minimally in case of square and hexagonal PBRs. In the middle of the U-loop, a haphazard fluid distribution is noticed. The velocity magnitude and agitation of microalgae cells are higher in hexagonal than in square and tubular. The shear rate is less in case of tubular compared to square and hexagonal. A linear pressure drop is found from the inlet to the outlet for three PBR's. From this comparison, it can be said that the tubular one would be the best option for microalgae culture in case of industrial purposes.


The fully developed turbulent momentum and heat transfer induced by the square-ribbed roughness clements on the inner wall surface in concentric annuli is studied analytically based on a modified turbulence model. The analytical results of the fluid flow is verified by experiment. The effects of various parameters such as the roughness ratio, the pitch to the roughness ratio, the radius ratio, etc. on friction factor and Nusselt number were investigated. The study demonstrates that certain artificial roughness elements may be used to enhance heat transfer rates with advantages from the overall efficiency point of view.


This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Return On Equity and Return On Assets signals at LQ45 issuers. M engujinya with multiple regression method on each object banks and manufacturing companies LQ45 companies subsequent visits magnitude of the effective contribution of Return on Equity and Return on Assets. The results of the research on the bank obtained that Return On Equity partially had no effect on stock prices and Return On Assets had an effect on stock prices, simultaneously Return on Equity and Return On Assets fell on stock prices, the Return On Assets signal was better than the Return On Equity signal. the results of research manufacturing companies Return On Assetspartially it does not have a significant effect on stock prices while Return On Equity partially has a significant effect on stock prices and simultaneously Return on Equity and Return On Assets have an effect on stock prices. While the signal is good Return On Equity leih of the signal Return On Assets. This study provides a new perspective on Return On Equity and Return On Assets in research.


Abstract Direct chiral liquid chromatographic resolution of racemic tocainide was accomplished without any derivatization using a crownpak CR(+) column as a chiral stationary phase. The stereochemical resolution (R) with symmetrical peaks was 0.97 and a separation factor (α) of 1.44 were obtained. Optimization of separation was achieved using different concentrations of perchloric acid.


This paper is made to reexamine Manbun-ga from the tradition of The song that a loyalist admire a sovereign. This is true that the study of the gasa...


This paper explores the goals and functions of the public libraries in Sweden. This is regarding their materials, what groups they are focusing on and what their purpose is in the society. The pape ...


4-methyl-5-hydroxyethyl-thiazole, are well known as perfumes of food additives in the food industry and have been widely utilized as antibiotics in the medical industry. One of the commercial antimicrobial agents, 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole (TBZ), based on the thiazole skeleton has fungicidal activity, which is used for the antimicrobial treatment of products such as foods, textiles, papers and synthetic resins. However, this compound shows a weak antibacterial activity. The N-alkyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium iodide (T-n,n: alkyl chain length), quaternized the sulfurol with long alkyl groups, successfully acquired a wide antimicrobial activity for both bacteria and fungi, and was a more effective fungicide than TBZ. In recent years, 4-methylthiazolium betaine also has been reported to show a significant antibacterial activity under hyperosmotic conditions. Gemini quaternary ammonium compounds (gemini QACs) are linking two molecules of tertiary amines-quaternarized compounds (mono-QACs), which are famous as significant antimicrobial agents in clinical applications, food production and health care, with hydrocarbon chains. The gemini QACs possess a unique structure, a greater surface activity and greater antimicrobial potency than conventional mono-QACs. Chemists have studied their physicochemical properties and greater effective antibacterial potency than the corresponding mono-QACs. We have also described the syntheses of gemini QACs, which have two cationic pyridiniums, and discussed their antimicrobial activities and characteristics. It has been proved that the antimicrobial potency of their gemini QACs shows a wider and more effective spectrum than that of mono-QACs against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and fungi. 4,4 -(a ,w-Polymethylenedithio)bis(1alkylpyridinium iodide) (4DTBP-m,n, m: methylene chain length, 3, 4, 6, 8 or 10; n: 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 or 18) as the gemini QACs was studied in great detail. The antimicrobial activity was not only wider and stronger than that of the usual mono-QACs, N-dodecylpyridinium iodide and benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride (BAC), but also independent of pH, temperature and molecular hydrophobicity, the characteristics of which were different from those of mono-QACs. Sumitomo et al. revealed the leakage of magnesium ion stabilizing the outer membrane of bacterial cells and that of ATP from the cells, and then the respiratory inhibition before bacterioclastic action by treatment of 4DTBP-6,8 toward Escherichia coli (E. coli) IFO 12713. This result suggested that gemini QACs conform to a specific bactericidal mechanism unlike mono-QACs. The structural feature of 4DTBP-m,8, which affected the length of the methylene chain, was examined on the basis of the transitions of the conformer and solvation free energy during their holding processes. In this study, we focused on 5,5 -[2,2 -(1,4-tetramethylnedicarbonyldioxy)diethyl]bis(3-alkyl-4-methylthiazolium May 2006 639 Chem. Pharm. Bull. 54(5) 639—645 (2006)


Solenostemon monostachyus is commonly used in folkloric treatment of many ailments including erectile dysfunction. In this study, its aphrodisiac component and underlying mechanism were investigated. Behavioural evaluation was done, following the oral administration of three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of S. monostachyus, sildenafil citrate (Viagra) and corn oil were used as positive and negative controls respectively. Mounting, intromission and ejaculation frequencies, mating performance, and orientation activities towards females. Result showed a striking effect in male rats. Molecular docking was done and heat map generated to probe the likely mechanism of action as invivo studies compared with sildenafil. A library containing 45 phytocompounds previously characterized from S. monostachyus was generated and docked (Autodock Vina) into homology models of Arginase II, Phosphodiesterase 5 and Aromatase. From the docking result above, PDE 5 was identified as a major target for two key compounds, Chicoric acid and Hesperidine. Although the latter violated more than two rules of the Lipinski's rule of oral drug. Conclusion: The results of this study support that Chicoric acids from S. monostachyus may inhibit the activity of PDE5, leading to relaxation of erectile smooth muscles. This finding may underscore the aphrodisiac potency of S . monostachyus Key words; Solenostemon monostachyus, Sildenafil citrate, Phosphodiesterase 5, Chicoric acid, erectile dysfunction.


A curved two-dimensional electron gas with spin–orbit interactions due to the radial confinement asymmetry is considered. At a certain relation between the spin–orbit coupling strength and curvature radius the tangential component of the electron spin becomes a conserved quantity for any spin-independent scattering potential that leads to a number of interesting effects such as persistent spin helix and strong anisotropy of spin relaxation times. The effect proposed can be utilized in non-ballistic spin-field-effect transistors.


Austria's attitude towards the (West) European integration process after 1945 has been ambivalent at best.1 The Second Republic was designed as a democratic system, based on political pluralism and party competition. However, its political culture and its real character (Realverfassung), because of its strong corporatist elements, developed into the typical features of the specific 'Austrian model'. The first steps towards post-war recovery and re-integration into the international community were largely shaped by participation in the European Recovery Programme. The amazing economic success of the first decades after the occupation by the four Allies (until 1955) helped to create a stable socio-political environment. In contrast to the harsh conflicts of the interwar period the emergence of a consensus oriented society was a major task resulting in a pact between parties, chambers, employers and trade unions called the 'social partnership'.2 In its international orientation membership in the UN (1955) and in the Council of Europe (1956) was achieved shortly after the State Treaty in May 1955 was signed and the Constitutional Law on permanent neutrality as the condition for regaining independence was adopted. Together with the socio-economic success story these factors formed the basis of a so far unknown strong popular identification with the 'Austrian Nation'.3 While it maintained a rigid attitude on military aspects of permanent neutrality, Austrian politicians showed a more flexible stance in interpreting neutrality with regard to economic and ideological dimensions. Austria not only signed a customs and price agreement with the ECSC in 1956 in the framework of GATT, but also entered into negotiations with the EEC in order to establish independent agreements on tariff reductions, dispute resolution committees and economic policy harmonisation in 1960.4 As for the rest of the European neutrals (Switzerland, Sweden and Finland) at that time membership in the EEC was viewed as incompatible 2444Ch14 3/12/02 2:05 pm Page 337


ABSTRACT When wheat starch granules containing various amounts of amylose (2.1–25%) were stained with 25% KI/10% I2 solution, the granules largely changed to ghost structures below ≈5.0% amylose. The ghost showed a typical double structure: a black-brown central portion and a red-brown surrounding portion. The proportion of the black-brown central portion in the ghost was strongly correlated to the amylose content (%) in the starch, that is, the black-brown central portion decreased with a decrease in amylose. This suggests that amylose is possibly present in the black-brown central portion. Sonication (20 kHz) followed by centrifugation of the ghost separated the black-brown central portion from the red-brown surrounding portion, and the amylose content in each portion was determined. The results indicated that the amylose content in the black-brown central portion was 6.9%, whereas in the surrounding portion, it was only 1.0%. Furthermore, the central and surrounding portions were subjected to Sepharose...


My article considers German wartime propaganda and pedagogy from 1914 to 1916, which influenced young schoolchildren (aged 5–14) to create drawings and paintings of Germany's military in World War I. In this art, the children drew bodies of German soldiers as tough, heroic, on the move, armed with powerful weapons, and part of a superior military movement; their enemies (French, Russian, British soldiers) embodied disorder, backwardness, ineptitude, and deadly weakness. The artwork by these schoolchildren thus reveals the intense propaganda of the war years, and the children's tendency to see the German military as the most accomplished combatant in the war. During the first two years of the war, in the primary schools of the nation, many children did such art under the supervision of teachers who passionately embraced the nation and the war cause. Within the classroom, teachers directed students to imagine the war by drawing scenes of battles, including the sinking of the Lusitania. Some of these teachers had been influenced by the Kunsterziehungsbewegung (the arts' education movement) and thus encouraged children's creativity in art of the war years. In this pedagogical wartime environment the young student became actively engaged in creative learning and study about the war, expressing romantic ideas of the indomitable German soldier and sailor. My research has involved analysis of over 250 school drawings done by children aged 10–14 in a school in Wilhelmsburg, near Hamburg, in 1915. I analyze the depiction of the German forces in six of these sources and also consider the history of art instruction in German schools. Furthermore, I address the ways in which historians can analyze children's art as a historical document for understanding the child's experience.


The invention relates to a network control method, which comprises the steps of acquiring the congestion level of a network, equipment information of first equipment and the type of each data flow sent or received by the first equipment through the network; as for each data flow on the first equipment, determining a service quality adjustment strategy in allusion to the data flow according to the congestion level, the equipment information of the equipment and the type of the data flow respectively. In addition, the invention further discloses a network control device and corresponding equipment. By adopting the network control method, the network control device and the corresponding equipment, the service quality adjustment strategy used for relieving network congestion is determined intelligently under the condition of maintaining the service continuity of data flows in the current user equipment, and the user experience is improved.