Since this paper was completed, Reith & Inkson (1958) have presented results for a further series of factorial experiments with f.y.m. and fertilizers in north-east Scotland, 1947–54. The authors claimed that for N their results confirmed those of Crowther & Yates; however, their Table 3 gives results very similar to those presented here: i.e. in the absence of f.y.m., PK basal greatly increased the response to N, but was ineffective where f.y.m. was also applied. The authors appear to have appreciated that these results, based on individual plot yields, were inconsistent with their main conclusions drawn from main effects and first-order interactions only, but do not seem to have realized their significance.


objective  Despite the very recent discovery that about 25% of apparently sporadic forms of pheochromocytoma are actually due to germline mutations of RET, VHL, SDHB or SDHD genes, the genetic bases of the tumourigenesis of this type of cancer are still incompletely understood. Recent studies provided evidence that a new tumour suppressor gene, mapping on the short arm of chromosome 1, could be involved in early tumourigenesis of pheochromocytoma.


Viscous effects on the excitation of cross‐waves in a semi‐infinite box of finite depth and width are considered. A formalism using matched asymptotic expansions and an improved method of computing the solvability condition is used to derive the relative contributions of the free‐surface, sidewall, bottom, and wavemaker viscous boundary layers. This analysis yields an expression for the damping coefficient previously incorporated on heuristic grounds. In addition, three new contributions are found: a viscous detuning of the resonant frequency, a slow spatial variation in the coupling to the progressive wave, and a viscous correction to the wavemaker boundary condition. The wavemaker boundary condition breaks the symmetry of the linear neutral stability curve at leading order for many geometries of experimental interest.


BACKGROUND
The use of a space maintainer during the deciduous dentition period at a proper time can prevent the consequences of the loss of the arch length in the future. There is controversy over the use of space maintainers.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of stresses exerted on immature permanent molar teeth, and the extent of displacement of these teeth when the adjacent teeth are missing, but after placing a space maintainer. Studies carried out to date have used clinical measurements, e.g., X-rays and dental casts.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The finite element model (FEM) was used for modeling the maxillary and mandibular teeth and the bone structure. A space maintainer (band and loop) was also designed for modeling. Force was applied and a finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out in 6 states in the maxilla and in the mandible to evaluate the distribution of stresses and the amount of displacement of immature permanent first molar teeth in the presence or absence of deciduous second molar teeth and a space maintainer.

RESULTS
During mastication, when the deciduous second molar tooth was absent, the maximum stress was transferred to incomplete roots. When there was a space maintainer, stress was transferred to the space maintainer itself and to the distal side of the deciduous first molar tooth. The displacement of permanent first molar teeth was minimal in the presence of all teeth; in the absence of the deciduous second molar tooth, this displacement increased 4-5-fold, which decreased again almost to the level of the 1st/4th state (intact arch) in the presence of the space maintainer.

CONCLUSIONS
The results showed the importance of the use of space maintainers, as they significantly decrease the momentary displacement of the teeth as well as the stress exerted on the developing permanent first molar teeth.


Following the derivation of the trace formulas in the first paper in this series, we establish here a connection between the spectral statistics of random regular graphs and the predictions of random matrix theory (RMT). This follows from the known Poisson distribution of cycle counts in regular graphs, in the limit that the cycle periods are kept constant and the number of vertices increases indefinitely. The result is analogous to the so-called diagonal approximation in quantum chaos. We also show that by assuming that the spectral correlations are given by RMT to all orders, we can compute the leading deviations from the Poisson distribution for cycle counts. We provide numerical evidence which supports this conjecture.


In its June 2007 session the CERN Council has approved the White Paper, which includes construction of a 160 MeV H ̄ linear accelerator called Linac4, and the study of a 4 GeV Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL). Linac4 will initially replace Linac2 as the injector to the PS Booster, improving its performance up to the levels required for producing the ultimate LHC luminosity. In a later stage, Linac4 is intended to become the front-end of SPL in a renewed injection chain for the LHC, which could be progressively constructed over the next decade. After briefly introducing the motivations and layout of the new injector chain, the talk will present the characteristics of the new linacs and give an overview of their main technical features and the R&D activities pursued within the HIPPI Joint Research Activity.


Permanent Magnet Generator has been widely used in Variable-Speed Wind Energy Conversion System (VSWECS). Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) of the generator side converter has the ability to have good regulation of the DC-link voltage to meet the requirements necessary to achieve optimal system operation, regardless of the disturbances caused by the characteristics of the drive train or some changes into the DC-load. The main focus of this paper is to present a model for a three-phase voltage source space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) rectifier which is connected to a PMSG in a wind turbine system, where a direct voltage control (DVC) using FLC based on voltage orientation strategy is used to control the mentioned rectifier. The control algorithm employs a fuzzy logic controller to effectively achieve a smooth control of DC-link voltage under wind/load perturbation conditions. Some simulation results, using Matlab/Simulink, are presented to show the effectiveness of the SVPWM rectifier Connected to a PMSG WECS with the proposed control strategy.


The article discusses the issues of organizing the educational process in conditions of unforeseen freelance influences, such as accidents, terrorist acts, military or interethnic conflicts, fires, drought, epidemiological situation, etc. It is shown that in a market economy, educational institutions — both state and private ones — reoriented themselves from the planned training of specialists to the customer's demand for educational services. A new demand-oriented approach to the organization of the educational process is proposed, in which the educational process is presented in the form of a chain "seller — product — consumer". It is shown that from the point of view of the consumer, the safety and efficiency of educational services are among the important requirements in the face of unforeseen freelance influences. A new structural model of the educational system is proposed, which implies the interaction of two subsystems — the educational infrastructure and the educational process. It is shown that the structural reliability of the educational system is an important indicator for ensuring the psychological and physical safety of participants in the educational process. A new mathematical model based on graphs and hypernets is proposed, which takes into account the mapping of the educational process into the educational infrastructure. The concept of "survivability of the educational system" is introduced as the ability of continuous functioning of this system under the influence of various external destabilizing factors. The task of organizing the educational process in emergency situations from the point of view of the consumer is set as the task of building a hypernet of minimum cost and specified reliability.


Tiivistelmä-Referat-Abstract This study challenges the perceived wisdom that economic globalisation has rendered social democracy a historically exhausted project. Utilising data gathered from election manifestos, the paper presents evidence to show that social democratic parties have continued to fashion a multitude of responses to globalisation and have not revised their ideological stances in ways that are consistent with the globalisation orthodoxy. In seeking to explain continued social democratic party diversity, the study draws on the fundamental insights of new-institutionalist theory. This approach examines the linkages between party positions and political institutions and shows how institutional configurations refract the pressures of globalisation and elicit a multitude of social democratic policy stances. The analysis focuses on the manifesto positions of social democratic parties on welfare policy from the 1970s to the late 1990s. Data on social democratic parties in more than 20 OECD democracies are obtained from a dataset produced by the Comparative Manifestos Project and examined longitudinally. The data are measures of the priority social democratic parties attach to welfare state expansion, welfare state limitation and social justice. The results show that party positions oscillated substantially between the 1970s and 1990s. There are no clearly visible patterns in the data and, importantly, no directional trends. In seeking to explain why social democratic parties continue to pursue a multitude of different policy paths, the paper draw on the insights of new-institutionalist theory. The approach is defined broadly, with the study utilising four strands of new-institutionalism. The bulk of the paper was given over to empirical institutionalism, the primary analytical tool deployed to uncover the influence of institutional variables on social democratic choices. The theoretical arguments of empirical institutionalist theory are operationalised into quantitative measures and a range of statistical methods are used to demonstrate the influence of institutional variables on party welfare-ideological profiles during the three-decade period. The explanatory power of new-institutionalism is further explored in a case study of the German Social Democratic Party and Agenda 2010, a radical package of welfare reforms the party launched in 2003. Three alternative new-institutionalist approaches are employed to illustrate how the role of institutions in influencing social democratic choices can be understood and explained in different ways.


Truss bridge joints are rigid connections by design or as a result of corrosion. Member stresses are different from values computed according to simplifying assumptions. Examples of stresses computed by two-dimensional and three-dimensional analysis are compared with field measured stresses. Also examined are the effects of damaged members.


The magnetic control tunable characteristics of localized modes of One-dimensional Cantor quasicrystal structure containing nanoparticle magnetic fluid is studied by using the transfer matrix method. First, the physical model of One-dimensional Cantor quasicrystal structure containing nanoparticle magnetic fluid is built. Then, the transmission spectrum of One-dimensional Cantor quasicrystals structure containing nanoparticle magnetic fluid is calculated by transfer matrix method. Finally, the magnetic control tunable characteristics of localized modes are discussed. The results show that the generation of One-dimensional Cantor quasicrystal structure containing nanoparticle magnetic fluid increased, the number of localized modes increased as well; the wavelength of localized modes shift to the long-wave direction with the refractive index of magnetic fluid increasing; the higher generation, the higher of the quality factor of the split localized modes; the wavelength drift variation decreases with the increasing of localized modes level at the same generation.


We investigate In1-xGaxAs1-yPy and In1-x-yGaxAlyAs quantum-well (QW) lasers for 1.55 μm telecommunication applications and compare their temperature dependence both theoretically and experimentally. Under steady-state (DC) electric bias, the gain and intrinsic absorption losses are measured based on the well-known Hakki-Paoli method from below threshold to threshold. The photon lifetime is obtained from this measurement. A comprehensive theoretical gain model with the realistic band structure including the valence band mixing and many-body effect is then used to fit the experimentally obtained modal gain spectra and extract the carrier density, and thus, the differential gain. We then carried out the high-speed microwave modulation measurement, and the experimental modulation response curves are fitted by the theory and the important parameters such as the differential gain and Κ factor are obtained. These high-speed differential gain agrees very well with the value obtained from the steady-state direct optical gain measurement. New experimental data on the temperature-dependent characteristics of two compressively strained lasers are then presented. The comparison of two material systems will be important to design high-bandwidth high-performance semiconductor lasers in order to meet requirements of 1.55 μm telecommunication applications.


In Malaysia, the agriculture industry is the most promising, but it is now facing several issues, one of which is the scarcity of the workforce for farming. Extreme weather conditions, an inadequate supply and ineffective fertilizer application, infections, diseases, allergies, and other health issues brought on by chemical applications (fungicides, pesticides, insecticides, etc.) or insect or animal bites are additional issues or difficulties. Drones have shown to be one of the approaches that enable quick and non-destructive examination of the air quality, physical characteristics of the components of soil, or crop growth to address some of the difficulties faced in agriculture through the use of sustainable ICTs. As a result, farmers are turning to cutting-edge drone technology to solve these issues quickly and effectively. Drones can gather information on various topics, including crop yields, livestock health, soil quality, nutrient assessments, weather patterns, and rainfall totals. However, there is none of the literature focused on the advantages of drone usage among paddy farmers in Malaysia. Therefore, this research aims to identify the factors affecting Malaysian paddy farmers using drones. This research collects data from interviews with ten paddy farmers who own agriculture drones to accomplish this objective. The farmers have been selected from Tanjung Karang to Sabak Bernam, where paddy cultivation is encouraging, especially in Selangor, Malaysia. Government agencies can then utilize the information from this research and local authorities to map out any suggestions to paddy farmers on the advantages of using drones in paddy farming. Other than that, the government also can find out ways to help the y farmers in terms of finances to buy more drones.


Three biogeographic components with very different histories are represented among the tenebrionids of the Australian arid zone: the Indo-Malayan element, which is related mainly to the Indonesian fauna; the Austral Gondwanan element, mainly related to that of southern South America; and one here called Tethyan, related to the fauna of northern hemisphere arid regions. Indo-Malayan groups appear to have arrived comparatively recently, probably by invasion from the north, and are differentiated within the arid zone mainly to the species level. Austral groups are the most diverse and have radiated extensively to generic level from ancestors inhabiting sclerophyll forest, probably by vicariance, within the present arid zone. Tethyan groups are endemic in the arid zone at tribal level and have no forest-inhabiting relatives anywhere. They have often become myrmecophilous in Australia, and because of their distribution patterns in the northern hemisphere, partial occurrence in coastal dunes, and apparently basal phylogenetic positions are surmised to have descended by vicariance from inhabitants of the coastal sand dunes of the Tethys Sea, probably in the Jurassic before there was an arid zone in Australia.


A method for the computation of local magnetic force in saturated ferromagnetic materials is proposed, based on FEM and virtual work principle. The distribution of local magnetic force is described with an equivalent node force,which is derived from an extended application of virtual work principle to FEM node.The method can not only calculate the surface and volume force of ferromagnetic materials, but also avoids the problems of discontinuities in field quantities which Maxwell stress tensor method inevitably to be confronted with . Application shows it has good accuracy and extensive applicability.


In the course of studies on the iodine-sensitized photoconjugation of 1, 4-diene compounds, the effects of terminal functional groups on this reaction were investigated. Linoleic acid and its related compounds, such as methyl linoleate, linoleyl alcohol, linoleyl acetate and cis-6, cis-9-octadecadiene derived from linoleic acid, were used as samples.Based on the results of sensitized isomerization, the carboxyl group was without any effect whatsoever. Linoleic acid reacted at the same rate as 6, 9-octadecadiene, or faster than that of methyl linoleate, so that maximum equilibrium was attained within 1h. Moreover, the photo-conjugation of linoleyl acetate occurred more slowly than that of methyl linoleate. The amounts of the conjugated compounds were about as much as 80% in either case. With linoleyl alcohol, isomerization was quite slow, the yield being about 10% after 8h. This is in agreement with the finding that this sensitized conjugation does not proceed in a polar solvent such as ethanol.Therefore, the reactivities of the end-groups on this iodine-sensitized reaction decrease in the following order : CH3≥COOH>COOCH3>CH2OCOCH3>>CH2OH.This reaction apparently occurs through a radical mechanism involving a bridged iodoalkyl radical as an intermediate. The products mainly consisting of cis, trans- and trans, trans-conjugated dienes were thus obtained at a ratio of about 3 : 7.


: We propose a heuristic attribute reduction algorithm based on random selections of attributes. Rough set theory proposed by Pawlak provides theoretical foundations of set-theoretical approximation of concepts and logical reasoning from data, and attribute reduction is one of the most important research topics in the aspect of reasoning from data. The computational complexity of computing all reducts from the given data is NP-hard and there have been many heuristic attribute reduction algorithms; however, almost proposals compute just one candidate of reducts from the given data. In this paper, we propose a heuristic attribute reduction algorithm to compute reducts as many as possible, which is based on construction of reduced decision tables from the given data by using random selection of attributes.


We prove that the Wigner equation is well‐posed in Lp(ℝ2n) for some potential V. From the formalism established by Markovich, we show the completeness of wave operators for the Wigner equation in L2. Using estimations proved by Castella and Perthame, on the one hand, and the Lp→Lq estimations for the Schrödinger group, on the other hand, we prove the existence of the wave operators in L2,p spaces. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In Part 1, the promising hydrogen storage properties of the combined systems of Li3AlH6/LiBH4 and Al/LiBH4, exhibiting the favorable formation of AlB2 during dehydrogenation, were presented based on TGA and XRD analyses. The present Part 2 describes the characterization of the intermediate and final products of the dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation of the above systems by multinuclear solid-state NMR characterization. This work has also verified that the presence of Al resulted in the re-formation of LiBH4 occurring at a much lower temperature and H2 pressure, under which conditions the dehydrogenation product from LiBH4 alone does not show any degree of rehydrogenation. NMR studies mainly identified various reaction intermediates for LiBH4 dehydrogenation/rehydrogenation reactions. Unlike the XRD studies, the AlB2 formation, in particular, could not be unambiguously confirmed by NMR. 27Al NMR showed that aluminum was mainly involved in various Li—Al alloy formations. The catalytic role of Al in the LiB...


In this expository manuscript, we review the construction of Gromov-Witten virtual fundamental class via FOOO's theory of Kuranishi structures for moduli spaces of pseudo-holomorphic maps defined on closed Riemann surfaces. We consider constraints coming from the ambient space and Deligne-Mumford moduli, called primary insertions, as well as intrinsic classes such as $\psi$-classes and Hodge classes.


The normal angiographic anatomy of the spleen The angiographic anatomy of the spleen was studied on selective angiograms of 105 normal persons between the ages of 16 and 83. Average values and standard deviations of various parameters of splenic size and topography were established and various conclusions, which may be of value in differential diagnosis, have been drawn. Longitudinal measurements of the spleen averaged 13 cm., transverse diameter was 7 cm. and the area of a normal splenic angiogram in the antero-posterior projection was estimated at about 80 sq. cm. The latter measurement provides a clinically valuable assessment regarding splenic mass.


We report a fast alcoholic photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly (photo-PISA) formulation via photoinitiated RAFT dispersion polymerization of isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) in an ethanol/water mixture at 40 °C using a monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) based chain transfer agent. Polymerization proceeded rapidly via the exposure to visible light irradiation (405 nm, 0.5 mW/cm2), and high monomer conversion (>95%) was achieved within 30 min. Kinetic studies confirmed that good control was maintained during the photo-PISA process, and the polymerization can be activated or deactivated by light. Finally, we demonstrated that a diverse set of complex morphologies (spheres, worms, or vesicles) could be achieved by varying reaction parameters, and a phase diagram was constructed.


Increasing European integration and European education policies are fuelling political and academic debates over the meaning of a 'European identity' and a 'European citizenship' and their potential relationship(s) to national and/or state identities. These debates are especially fraught in a case such as Cyprus, a case characterized by an intractable socio‐political problem of ethnic conflict and war that stems from identity, citizenship, and the politics of recognition. Cyprus must respond to demands of revisiting citizenship and identity as a condition of EU membership and as a response to increasing international and internal pressure for resolving the existing division. This paper explores how European citizenship is constructed in Greek‐Cypriot policy, curricula, and textbooks for civic education, and how citizenship is positioned in relation to national and state identities. Although 'Europe' provides a framework from which policy documents increasingly draw to introduce curricular innovation, European citizenship is not substantially addressed in the syllabi and textbooks analysed. Nationalistic discourses of citizenship 'appropriate' 'Europe' in ways which legitimize both ethno‐ and Euro‐centrism and which fail to alleviate existing tensions between ethno‐national and state identities in Cyprus.


Purpose – This paper aims to present an innovative methodological framework developed out of primary research that will lead to new understanding about patterns in the strategic actions realised by firms within an industry. The framework is to be applied to increase understanding of how realised strategies evolved in the pharmaceutical industry and overcomes some of the limitations of other methods.Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative approach was developed adapting techniques from text, thematic and content analysis to identify and categorise strategic actions realised by pharmaceutical firms (referred to as grand strategies). Strategic actions were not pre‐selected but allowed to emerge during the data collection process from public announcements by firms in the industry's main journal, Scrip. Building upon the work of Pearce and Robinson grand strategies can be understood as the packages of strategic actions that firms had planned and/or realised in order to achieve long‐term objectives.Findings...


Abstract LiNbO3 thin films were deposited on P-Si(111) substrates. C-axis (006) oriented films were fabricated with RF magnetron sputtering and (012) oriented films were achieved by metal organic decomposition (MOD). High frequency C-V measurement showed a clockwise rotation hysteresis curve, which corresponded to the ferroelectric switching. A polarization vs. voltage hysteresis curve of a Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor (MFS) capacitor was measured with a modified Sawyer-Tower circuit. Remnant polarization as high as 65μC/cm2 was found from sputtering deposited sample.


ABSTRACT The developmental transition between adolescence to emerging adulthood (ages 18–25) is a critical juncture—particularly for individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there are no known published studies on treatments for ADHD that aim to improve the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood. We sought to facilitate future transition intervention research and provide empirically-supported treatment principles and corresponding targets for clinicians with this manuscript. We review two key areas of research to inform transition planning interventions for adolescents with ADHD: (a) domains of impairment (e.g., occupational, social) within the developmental context of the transition to emerging adulthood and (b) existing treatment research on interventions for adolescents and adults with ADHD. After evaluating and synthesizing these areas of research, we highlight and discuss targets for treatment that are promising for addressing the unique needs of adolescents with ADHD transitioning to emerging adulthood. We also discuss treatment modalities which may be particularly suited for ADHD within this developmental context. Many treatment elements were indicated, ranging from empirically-supported focuses on compensatory skills (e.g., organization, time management, planning [OTMP]) to more theoretically relevant techniques, such as health and lifestyle behaviors (e.g., physical exercise). Further, certain treatment modalities, such as parent-teen collaborative models and group-based approaches, seemed particularly suited for adolescents with ADHD transitioning to emerging adulthood. Limitations of existing research on the transition to emerging adulthood for those diagnosed with ADHD and areas for future research are discussed in greater detail.


This discussion reviews the current capabilities of large-scale Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA) and considers the future potential of these SoC FPAA devices, including techniques to enable ubiquitous use of FPAA devices similar to FPGA devices. Today's FPAA devices include integrated analog and digital fabric as well as specialized processors and infrastructure, becoming a platform of mixed-signal development as well as analog-enabled computing. Investigating the scaling of FPAA devices shows the potential fine-grain capabilities through analyzing the tradeoff between granularity and flexibility as well as the opportunities through CMOS scaling.


The ultrastructural change of sciatic nerve and immunohistochemical changes of NGF, PCNA were studied at the transplanted segment of intravascular cultured neural stem cell in the rat sciatic nerve by 5 months after the sciatic nerve transection. The transplanted intravascular neural stem cells were differentiated into Schwann cells at the 20th day and these cells began to regenerate by the proliferation and hypertrophy. There were many remyelinating Schwann cells in the transplanted nerve in term of stimulation. According to NGF finding, we suggest preexisting Schwann cells may induce the differentiation of neural stem cells into regenerating Schwann cells. Electron microscopic changes were the remyelinating appearance, the increase of intraaxonal microtubules and enlarged mitochondria and contacting cell processes each other.


Abstract Children playing on streets in front of a home are typically a source of worry for parents. Spatial hierarchies between the house and streetscape create zones of influence and provide natural surveillance as well as opportunities for interaction among residents that affect child safety. The hypotheses in this study were that perceptions of child safety and parents' behavior (represented by the number of hours parents allow their children to play outdoors) are associated with perceived social interactions, privacy, and territoriality in a single-family home neighborhood in Jordan. To test the hypotheses, data were elicited from structured interviews with 102 single-family householders living in the Jordan Armed Forces Officers' Housing in the city of Amman, Jordan. Findings demonstrate that parents' perceptions of child safety are contradictory to their actual behavior towards their children's play on the street. Whereas most of these parents do let their children spend one to four hours playing near the street each day, about 80% of them do not perceive their children to be safe doing that. Parental behavior is associated with perceived social interactions with neighbors but not with their perceived privacy and territoriality. Finally, perceived child safety is associated with housing and neighborhood characteristics rather than with perceived social interactions, privacy, and territoriality.


In article the structure of semantic model of vocational I mining o f the teacher o f music is considered. The system of interactions o f components o f structure on a polyphonic basis is analyzed. Such spheres of polyphonic structure, as formationintegration knowledge, poly-art skills, complex feelings, personal senses come to light.


We obtain several game characterizations of Baire 1 functions between Polish spaces X, Y which extends the recent result of V. Kiss. Then we propose similar characterizations for equi-Bare 1 families of functions. Also, using related ideas, we give game characterizations of Baire measurable and Lebesgue measurable functions.


A landscape is the most solid appearance in which a history can declare itself. It is not a background, nor is it a stage. It is a history made manifest and, because this is so, the study of landscape resolves many of the old difficulties of method. There it is, the past in the present, constantly changing and renewing itself as the present rewrites its past and makes it new on behalf of the future. We read upon the face of the landscape the pasts which it has borne in order to create our present. We select from these pasts new ones which answer our sense of our own present needs. We choose, that is, a memory which will help us to accommodate the present, the dense, intractable present and the insane possibilities of its future. The reassuring fact is that such a first paragraph is, in a quite technical sense, thoroughly materialist. The history of the landscape is there for the most empirical eye to see, and to speak of that evidence as embodying and directing the dialectical processes is to fasten historical Marxism with unusual purchase on to its central and dynamic ideas. Landscape, then, stands at the intersection of concepts a social scientist would strain to hold apart: 'institution', 'product', 'process', and 'ideology'. Its moral and political economy will only give up structures and meanings if these terms, and the field of force which they generate, remain in high tension with one another, and are not broken up into the dead taxonomies which are the dry bones of western sociology's waste land.


The distributed hierarchical control method is preferred in microgrids to reduce the communication issues such as shortening the communication distance, decreasing the communication traffic and minimizing the failures. However, failure to detect changes in loads due to communication problems can lead to disturb the proportional current sharing and voltage stability of the microgrid. Therefore, this paper proposes an estimation algorithm to maintain both the voltage stability and the proportional current sharing between the sources in case of communication failures between the controllers. The algorithm is created using the weighted moving average method and estimates the data that should come from the neighbors during any failure. In order to test the performance of the algorithm, its simulation is performed in Matlab/Simulink and it is observed that the proposed algorithm has better results than conventional ones like zero order hold.


The Government of India initiated SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active-learning for Young Aspiring Minds), where the objective of the programme is to take the best teaching and learning resources to all with no costs. To find out the awareness and usage of SWAYAM courses among Library and Information science students, survey method of research used. To collect data from selective Universities students a structured questionnaire was prepared. The results show that most of the responses received from Annamalai University, majority respondents are aware of SWAYAM course. Respondents are aware of these courses through their teachers. 74.73 percent of respondents replied that their University providing orientation programme on SWAYAM. Half of the respondents prefer Word file format for submitting their assignment. More than 82 percent of respondents are spending 1 to 3 hours for SWAYAM course. Half of the respondents are agreed SWAYAM courses help to gain new knowledge and supports life-long learning. Further, the result reveals that the numbers of students continue their enrolled courses and only less number were discontinued due to some reasons


This chapter explores the connection between fiduciary relationships and moral norms or standards. It first considers the distinctions between employee "loyalty," obligations of good faith, and the duty to act in the principal's best interests. It then examines the two moral norms covered by the fiduciary's duty of loyalty: the "bad faith breach" norm and the "necessary fiduciary norm." The "bad faith breach" norm prohibits the fiduciary from taking advantage of his or her position by breaching, in bad faith, a duty owed to his or her principal. This norm applies to others who are not fiduciaries, such as employees and parents. The chapter explains how the "bad faith breach" norm relates to "breach of trust" or breach of faith and how the necessary fiduciary norm is associated with the norm of natural justice, which prohibits bias in decision-making. Finally, it reviews a test case that illustrates what sort of "duty of loyalty" arises in familial relationships.


We survey the computational foundations for public-key cryptography. We discuss the computational assumptions that have been used as bases for public-key encryption schemes, and the types of evidence we have for the veracity of these assumptions.


Ever since the 1960's Virginia Woolf's essay A Room ofOne's Own has functioned as a meeting place for feminist literary scholars. Departing from this text streams of new theories have emerged through the years. In this article Lisbeth Larsson analyses the consistency and changes within this duster of academic analyses. Larsson shows how different parts of Woolfs essay have been used for specific aims, which all have one important goal in common: the ambition to try to establish what a female text is, and also how it should be constituted. Through Woolfs text, Larsson argues, feminists and literary theorists have tried to formulate not only a feminist poetics, but a utopia and an emacipatory strategy. And although the emancipating norm has changed during this period of time, Larsson concludes that there is still an urge for utopian solutions in feminist literary studies, and that this constraint ultimately prevents these contributions from functioning in a genuinely liberating way. In spite of their self-announced tolerance, by always anticipating an "compulsory happy ending", they become normative, repressive, and blind to the complexities and dynamics of fiction.


An eye-movement-based predicted trajectory guidance control (ePTGC) is proposed to mitigate the maneuverability degradation of a teleoperated ground vehicle caused by communication delays. Human sensitivity to delays is the main reason for the performance degradation of a ground vehicle teleoperation system. The proposed framework extracts human intention from eye-movement. Then, it combines it with contextual constraints to generate an intention-compliant guidance trajectory, which is then employed to control the vehicle directly. The advantage of this approach is that the teleoperator is removed from the direct control loop by using the generated trajectories to guide vehicle, thus reducing the adverse sensitivity to delay. The delay can be compensated as long as the prediction horizon exceeds the delay. A human-in-loop simulation platform is designed to evaluate the teleoperation performance of the proposed method at different delay levels. The results are analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA, which shows that the proposed method significantly improves maneuverability and cognitive burden at large delay levels (>200 ms). The overall performance is also much better than the PTGC which does not employ the eye-movement feature.


The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in West Nusa Tenggara Province in 2010 is about 350/100,000 live births. This figure is higher than national and other provincial figures. Bima that constitutes a regency of West Nusa Tenggara Province has high maternal mortality cases for period of 2011-2012, namely 20 cases. The Ministry of Health classified 3 factors that affect maternal mortality, namely: medical, non-medical and health service factors. The study was aimed at finding out the risk factors that affect maternal mortality. This study is a case control study with the total samples of 20 cases and 60 controls. The data were collected through interviews by using the questionnaires. The collected data were then cross-checked with the registers existing at midwives, health record cards of pregnant women and verbal autopsy documents. The univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were done. Bivariate analysis was using chi square test and multivariate analysis was using logistic regression. The study revealed that factors which increase the maternal mortality rate are the level of Hb<10 gr% (OR=15.19; 95%CI: 3.25–70.97), delayed decision-making (OR=9.28; 95%CI: 2.15–84.80) and delayed medical treatment at referral facilities (OR=13.16; 95%CI: 2.28–104.86). As conclusion, the most contributing factor to maternal mortality is the level of Hb<10 gr%. The efforts to reduce mortality rate should be conducted including increasing Hb level of pregnant women, improving basic obstetric emergency handlings at community health centres for midwives/medical doctors and to improve better referral systems.


Objective To evaluate the prevalence and genotypes of multiple infections of human papillomavirus (HPV) in lower genital tract of women in Guangzhou city. Methods 6 936 women in Guangzhou were selected for the detection of HPV multiple infections by flow-through hybridization and gene chip (HybriMax). The overall mixed HPV prevalence, multiple infectious status of various subtypes and age distribution were analyzed. Results Among the 6 936 patients, 541 cases were HPV multiple infections (7.80%). The rates of high risk mixed type, high and low risk mixed type, and low risk mixed type of HPV multiple infections were 55.45%, 41.59%, and 2.96%. Among the multiple infection, 399 cases were double infections (73.75%). 20 of the 21 subtypes of HPV were detected. The highest rate of HPV multiple infections was found in women at the age of ≤20 years (22.73%), there were significant differences among the different age groups (χ2 = 65.136, P = 0.000). Conclusion The prevalence of HPV multiple infections in women in Guangzhou is low and the main subtype is high risk mixed type. Test and subtype analysis of HPV by HybriMax plays an important role in the prevention and management of cervical neoplasia.


A laryngectomy is a surgical procedure entailing the removal of the entire larynx following a diagnosis of an advanced stage or recurrence of cancer of the larynx or hypopharynx (Casper & Colton, 1998:1; Silver & Ferlito, 1996:179; Stell, 1991:212). Severe smoking and alcohol use, especially in combination, can be seen as major risk factors for cancer of the head and neck area, including larynx cancer (Byrne, Walsh, Farrelly & O'Driscoll, 1993:174; Depondt & Gehanno, 1995:33; Doyle, 1994:17; Stam, Koopmans & Mathieson, 1991:44; Terrell, Ronis, Fowler, Bradford, Chepeha, Prince, Teknos, Wolf & Duffy, 2004:402). People at greatest risk of contracting larynx cancer appear to be male smokers between the ages of 45 and 75 years (Ross, 2000:13). The disease usually occurs in late middle age (retirement) and can therefore be seen as a disease of the elderly (Belch & Beamish, 1992:61; Deshmane, Parikh, Pinni, Parikh & Rao, 1995:121; Frith, Buffalo & Montague, 1985:476; Renner, 1995:216; Ross, 2000:14). This pattern is undergoing change, however, as an increasing number of women and younger persons are presently being diagnosed with cancer of the larynx (Belch & Beamish, 1992:61; Eadie & Doyle, 2005:122; Renner, 1995:216; Ross, 2000:13; Smithwick, Davis, Dancer, Hicks & Montague, 2002:206), mainly as a result of increased tobacco consumption or changes in smoking and drinking behaviour (Dhooper, 1985:217; Doyle, 1994:16; Smithwick et al., 2002:206)


It is known that traffic flow characteristics have significant influence at the capacity of all functional segments of the road and street network. One of the most important traffic flow parameters which affect the capacity of roundabouts is follow-up headway at minor approaches of roundabouts. This traffic flow parameter, like the most others, depends on driver behaviour, i.e. local traffic conditions. This paper presents the research results related to follow-up headway at three roundabouts obtained by the photographic method. This data collection method is chosen because its application completely eliminates the impact of research at behaviour of traffic participants. After the research, a representative sample is formed and its processing and analysis led to conclusions about the value of follow-up headway at roundabouts which can be applied in standard procedures for capacity calculation at roundabouts in midsize cities of our region.


The velocity of natural gas can be increased to supersonic speed with natural gas supersonic dehydration unit due to the application of vortex tube.Liquid water would be separated in cooling process,and removed with cyclone unit.Gas and liquid are separated in a separation unit.The system is composed of pressure stabilization vessel,vortex tube,secondary separator,etc.After lab test and field test of natural gas supersonic dehydration,dew point of inlet gas and dry gas is measured in test: dew point of dry gas was-16.6℃ with a pressure loss percentage of 40% in the lab test,while that of dry gas was-9℃ with a pressure loss percentage of 70% in field test.It is showed by test result that a high removal efficiency of water is achieved with the supersonic method.


When it comes to Virtual Reality (VR) simulations, controllers are used to interact with the virtual world. However, controllers are an approximation, and a possible alternative is represented by optical hand-tracking. The goal of the present paper is to compare the two solutions to investigate the best way to implement interactions in VR. Results showed that, despite its limitations, hand-tracking enables realistic interactions that are more consistent with the real world.


GAIA is the "super-Hipparcos" satellite scheduled for launch in 2010 by the European Space Agency. It is a scanning satellite that carries out multi-colour, multi-epoch photometry on all objects brighter than 20th magnitude. We conduct detailed simulations of supernovae (SNe) detection by GAIA. Supernovae of each type are chosen according to the observed distributions of absolute magnitudes, and located in nearby galaxies according to the local large-scale structure. Using an extinction model of the Galaxy and the scanning law of the GAIA satellite, we calculate how many SNe are detectable as a function of the phase of the lightcurve. Our study shows that GAIA will report data on � 21400 SNe during the five-year mission lifetime, of which � 14300 are SNe Ia, � 1400 are SNe Ib/c and � 5700 are SNe II. Using the simulations, we estimate that the numbers caught before maximum are � 6300 SNe Ia, � 500 SNe Ib/c and � 1700 SNe II. During the mission lifetime, GAIA will issue about 5 SNe alerts a day. The most distant SNe accessible to GAIA are at a redshift z � 0.14 and so GAIA will provide a huge sample of local SNe. There will be many examples of the rarer subluminous events, over-luminous events, SNe Ib/c and SNe II-L. SNe rates will be found as a function of galaxy type, as well as extinction and position in the host galaxy. Amongst other applications, there may be about 26 SNe each year for which detection of gravitational waves is possible and about 180 SNe each year for which detection of gamma-rays is possible. GAIA's astrometry will provide the SN position to better than milliarcseconds, offering opportunities for the identification of progenitors in nearby galaxies and for studying the spatial distribution of SNe of different types in galaxies.


According to the defects of neural network,this paper puts forward neural network highway customer forecast method which based on colony algorithm optimization. This model is used common BP neural network structure,the algorithm is used is a new kind of evolutionary algorithm- ant colony algorithm. Finally,it takes highway passenger transportation in hefei as an example,try ACONN ant colony neural network application in the passenger traffic forecast,results show that the ant colony neural network model's prediction precision is better than other models.


Due to the obvious deviations of the existing theoretical models from the experimental results of ferroelectric phase transition, a new model is proposed on the basis of the coupling between spontaneous polarization and spontaneous strain in ferroelectrics. The spontaneous polarization and specific heat of ferroelectric phase transition predicted by the model are in better agreement with the corresponding data of triglyceride sulfate, a typical ferroelectric. In addition, the model predicts a new type of ferroelectric in which a phase transition and a phase-like transition coexist.


The ability to quickly and accurately predict congestion has emerged as one of the most critical problems during placement. In this paper, we present DLCong, a deep learning congestion-estimation framework based on a convolutional encoder-decoder. Experimental results show that compared to MLCong, a state-of-the-art machine-learning based congestion-estimation model, DLCong achieves an almost 9% improvement in congestion accuracy, while exhibiting inference times of a few milliseconds. Moreover, the accuracy of DLCong scales better with increasing congestion compared to MLCong.


AR/VR systems require heavy processing for object recognition, voice recognition, hand gesture recognition (HGR), and camera pose estimation with limited battery and computation capability. CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) on AR/VR systems can integrate functions to reduce data transaction and power consumption. 3 Functional CIS and a UI processor are explained; 'Eye-Mouse' with gaze tracking, Event-driven ultra-low-power face detection, video-based human action recognition, and CNN-based HGR. AR/VR application processors are also explained with their architecture and featured functions. In the future of AR/VR user interaction, SoC will utilize more DNN functional blocks for 3D Point Neural Network and fusion of more sensors for better accuracy, lower power consumption, and easy implementation.


This paper focuses on the effect of changes in partners' subjective wellbeing after the birth of the first child on the time interval before the second child. Changes in subjective wellbeing are operationalized as the process of adjustment in the couple's relationship, work and family spheres that new parents experience in the short run after the birth of the first child. The analysis is conducted on a representative sample of Australian couples using the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel survey (2001 to 2009 waves). A multidisciplinary approach is used to encompass the sociological, demographic and psychological dimensions of the decisionmaking process to have a second child. In particular, the Traits-Desires-Intentions-Behaviour model (Miller and Pasta, 1995a), Gender Equity Theory (McDonald, 2013), and the Dynamic Equilibrium Theory (Headey, 2006) are jointly employed. The results suggest that men and women differ in the way the subjective cost – intended as a loss in subjective wellbeing – of the first child impacts on the timing of the second pregnancy. In particular, difficulty in work adjustment for women and in family adjustment for men are the gender specific mechanisms which have more impact on the transition to the second child.


We introduce some conditions which are closely related to closed ultrafilters and establish interconnections among these conditions and characterize realcompactness, alomost realcompactness, c-realcompactness and weak-c6*-ness, •••. Throughout this paper, by a space we mean a completely regular Hausdorff space and all functions are continuous and we assume familiarity with [3] whose notation and terminology will be used throughout. For a given space X, we denote by βX (or υX) the Stone-Cech compactification (or realcompactification) of X. In § 1, we give definitions and preliminaries and introduce some conditions which are closely related to closed ultrafilters. In §2, we establish interconnections among conditions introduced in §1. In §3, we characterize realcompactness, almost realcompactness c-realcompactness and weakeδ*-ness and give some examples in §4.


Abstract This paper proposes a method of describing a global failure in geomechanics problems using the finite element method. When considering a quasi-static approach, a limit state cannot be described properly before a numerical divergence of the computation is reached. The main idea is to use a dynamic approach to catch the failure state of a quasi-static problem. However, the events that occur after the failure state are not taken into consideration, because after such a state, the response of a geostructure is not physically and mathematically unique. The second point developed in this paper is the definition of a proper safety factor, which can be useful for engineers. The second-order work criterion under local (homogeneous problems) and global (boundary value problems) forms is reviewed to determine the physical and mathematical interests of using it. Selected finite element simulations are presented. The best way of defining a safety factor using such numerical methods is proposed.


Fish mince based convenient products have become much popular among consumers. Therefore, incorporating fish mince with non-meat protein becomes an important production approach for reducing the cost and improving the nutritional, physical and sensory properties of the product. Hence the present study was focused on producing a Tilapia fish nugget with different legume flour i.e. lentil, chickpea and cowpea as an extender and masking the unpleasant sensory attributes of Tilapia fish due to its muddy flavor. Fish nuggets were prepared by using different composition of Tilapia fish mince (85, 75, 70, 65%), legume flour extender (0, 10, 15, 20%) and spice mixture (15%). Fish nuggets that were prepared by replacing 15% of Tilapia fish mince with legume flour were selected as the best out of all types of extenders. Accordingly, the prepared fish nuggets were kept in frozen storage (-180C) and evaluated for proximate composition, cooking yield, shrinkage percentage, moisture retention, water holding capacity, pH, total plate count, free fatty acid value, peroxide value and total volatile based nitrogen for 3 months period. Results showed that the incorporation of legume flour significantly increased the protein content (20.28%) of nuggets compared to the control sample without legume flour (14.72%). Cowpea flour added fish nuggets revealed the highest cooking yield (78.89%), high moisture retention ability (34.15%), low diameter shrinkage (6.42%), good textural properties and same quality was observed even after 3 months of storage at -180C without addition of preservatives. Legume flour extenders enhance fish-plant protein matrix, thereby upgrading the product quality of Tilapia fish nuggets while improving the nutritional value. Further, among tested legume flour and cowpea flour ensured the best cooking, physical and keeping qualities as an extender for Tilapia fish nuggets than lentil and chickpea flour.


Novel membrane lipids containing the unusual very long chain fatty acid, α,ω-13,16-dimethyloctacosanedioate dimethyl ester (DME C30) was isolated and purified from thermophilic anaerobic eubacterium, Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus. Structures of the lipids containing the bifunctional fatty acyl components were proposed by various analyses such as 1 H, 1 3 C, 3 1 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FrIR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB/MS). Combined with the GC/MS, 1 H and 1 3 C NMR data, we confirmed that the head groups of the lipids contained the glycerol and/or glucosamine molecules. 3 1 P NMR spectrum also showed that the lipids contained phosphate in a phosphodiester linkage. The proposed structures of these novel lipid components were the ones in which two head groups were linked by the membrane spanning fatty acyl component (DME C30) and regular chain fatty acids on glycerol moiety of each head group.


The paper considers the causes and consequences of climate change on planet Earth. Including global warming and the need to switch to alternative energy sources, as well as the decarbonization of various industries. It is shown that the main causes of global warming are human activities and the use of fossil fuels as energy carriers. The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is closely related to the problems of changing the structure of the energy sector in almost all countries of the world. Listed are international organizations that deal with climate problems and monitor changes in temperature and the content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of the planet. The work of these organizations based on UN climate conferences in the period 1992 to 2022 to develop solutions aimed at the decarbonization of the main industries and, above all, energy is analyzed. It is shown that the Paris Agreement is a key element of the multilateral climate process. It is the first ever legally binding document that unites countries in the pursuit of a common goal of combating and adapting to climate change. At COP-26 in 2021, a climate package was signed, which confirmed the main goal of limiting global warming to only 1.5°C. Many promises have been made regarding the use of new technologies and renewable energy sources, improving the energy efficiency of old equipment. According to scientists' forecasts, climate changes will increase in all regions of the planet in the coming decade. Emissions of greenhouse gases as a result of human activity were and remain the main causes of global warming. However, after the start of the war in Ukraine, much of what most countries previously agreed to became unfeasible. The war changed the political and economic outlook, and global inflation escalated. The energy crisis has arrived. According to IPCC experts, 2022 has become a year of stagnation and a departure from previously chosen positions. It is shown that war can make some countries think about energy self-sufficiency and saving energy resources. These issues were discussed at the climate conference COP-27 in Egypt. Among the issues discussed at COP-27, the main one was the decarbonization of the energy system


A detailed study is presented of the electronic excitation of a nitrogen beam accelerated by a Van de Graaff machine to energies between 0.25 and 2.0 MeV/atom, and passed through a thin carbon target foil. About 100 spectral lines of N ii through N v were detected. In addition, a number of unidentified lines were seen and their wavelengths measured. Decay times of 27 levels in N ii through N v were measured and correlated with calculated transition probabilities.


In this study, building an algorithm for creating new dynamic approach routes and TMA entry point multiplicity. This algorithm can reduce total airspace delays and/or specific fix congestions. Algorithm confirmation has done with a fast time simulation model (SIMMOD). A SIMMOD model has been established to analyze relationship number of entry point and delay. In experiment Istanbul Yesilkoy TMA is used as well.


B-spline surfaces, although widely used, are incapable of describing surfaces of arbitrary topology. It is not possible to model a general closed surface or a surface with handles as a single non-degenerate B-spline. In practice such surfaces are often needed. In this thesis, a generalization of bicubic tensor product and quartic triangular B-spline surfaces is presented that is capable of capturing surfaces of arbitrary topology. These results are obtained by relaxing the sufficient but not necessary smoothness constraints imposed by B-splines and through the use of an n-sided generalization of Bezier surfaces called S-patches.


The problem of metal fatigue of aircraft is discussed in the context of risk analysis and assessment. The steps taken by aircraft designers to minimize risk are examined. A major defect of fatigue testing, which is its failure to take into account the effects of corrosion on fatigue cracks, is addressed. The pursuit of more effective methods of nondestructive testing is noted. The role played by fatigue and corrosion in the Aloha Airlines accident of April 28, 1988, in which a flight attendant was lost when a 5.5 meter-long portion of the front fuselage of a Boeing 737 ripped off during flight, is cited throughout, and Boeing's approach to the problem is questioned.<<ETX>>


Network security has become more important in this digital era due to the usage of information and communications technology (ICT). Data security is also one of the major issues in today's world. Due to the usage of this ICT technologies threat to network is also increasing. So in order to solve these problems the researchers has developed IDS that deals with network traffic to identify the harmful users and hackers in the computer. In this paper, we designed a model for IDS for classification of attacks using K-Nearest Neighbor classifier algorithm. KNN is a supervised and lazy machine learning classifier, it shows its best performance in terms of accuracy and classifications. Experimental analysis was conducted on ISCX dataset to judge the implementation of model. The Experimental outcome shows that our suggested model recorded an improved accuracy of 99.96%.


Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-C/VEGF-heparin-binding domain chimeras CA65 gene was inserted downstream of keratin 14(K14) promoter to construct the vector which expressed at skin specially.The transgenic mice were produced by microinjection method and the genotype was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The expression levels of the transgenic mice were detected by reverse transcription PCR.The chimeras CA65 transgenic mice were established successfully.We whole-mount immunostained the ears of transgenic mice,and analyzed the function of CA65 on blood vessels and lymphatic vessels development and maintenance.The chimeras CA65 was shown to induce lymphangiogenesis,and its diameter increased,but there were no statistically significant changes in blood vessels.


Heterosexual HIV transmission is rare in the UK but it remains unclear whether present trends point towards an eventual heterosexual epidemic in the absence of changes in sexual behaviour1± 11. Reviews of evaluations of safer sex interventions for young people con® rm both the scale of investment in educational packages and the widespread failure to demonstrate their effectiveness when rigorous evaluations are employed10,11. Oakley et al.11, for example, judged 12 of 65 located outcome-evaluation studies to be methodologically sound and found only two which showed clear evidence of a subsequent change in young people's sexual behaviour. One of these, a safer sex intervention for teenage runaways, found an increase in reported condom use and decreased risk behaviour12 while the other reported that a programme designed to promote sexual abstinence increased sexual initiation amongst young men13. It remains unclear, therefore, whether sex education has the capacity to reduce sexual risk-taking14 and whether it tends to promote earlier sexual experimentation15.


Background: The study was conducted with an aim to evaluate the pattern of occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in orthopedic patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital of North India.Methods: An observational study was carried out in the orthopedic outpatient department at the tertiary care hospital for the period of six months. All patients diagnosed with acute pain and receiving NSAIDs were included. The documented ADRs were assessed for causality, severity and preventability using Naranjo's algorithm and WHO-UMC scale, modified Hartwig and Seigel Scale and modified Schumock and Thornton scale, respectively.Results: A total of 84 ADRs were reported from 51 patients. The most common ADRs observed were from gastrointestinal (38%) followed by skin (18%) and autonomic nervous system (12%). Maximum number of ADRs were reported in patients on diclofenac (47%) followed by piroxicam (44%). Upon causality assessment, majority of the reactions were possible (61.5% with WHO-UMC scale, and 57.1% with Naranjo's algorithm). The association of results between the two scales was statistically significant (p<0.001). Majority of ADRs (73.4%) were assessed as mild and 66.7% of the ADRs were probably preventable.Conclusions: Authors conclude that incidence of ADRs can be decreased and compliance can be improved by early detection and management.


This paper analyzes the main problems existing in the management of back issues in university library,and advances some strategies for strengthening the management of back issues and improving the utilization ratio of resources in order to maximize the information value of back issues.


Historically the management of infrastructure assets has been governed by social, economic and technical constraints. However, in the latter part of the twentieth century, with the advent and growth of the sustainability agenda, it became increasingly apparent that a fourth issue, environment, must also be included in decision-making. Surrey County Council (SCC), as the principal owner of highway assets within its boundaries, is directly responsible for over 1000 road bridges. To meet the authority's own environmental and sustainability objectives, it is clear that there is a need for knowledge on ways in which the organisation can reduce the environmental impact of its activities. The addressing of this need has called for an entirely new approach to assessing structure management activities. With the adoption of life-cycle thinking, a methodology has been developed to enable environmental comparison of alternative structure management strategies. In the context of brick arch highway bridges, the scope o...


Biogenic ceramics are known to exhibit superior toughness due to a laminated architecture with ultrathin organic layers separating the ceramic blocks. Theoretical analyses relate the toughness increase to the modulus contrast, Ec/Eo between the stiff, Ec, and the compliant, Eo, components. However, experimental data on this contrast are extremely difficult to obtain by any known technique due to the very small thickness and low modulus values of the organic layers. Here we adapt a recently developed nanoscale modulus mapping technique combined with reverse finite element analysis in order to map the elastic modulus across a 35 nm thick organic layer within biosilica in a giant anchor spicule of the glass sponge Monorhaphis chuni. We find a modulus of 0.7 GPa in the organic layer as compared to 37 GPa in the bioglass. Furthermore, a modulus gradient extends 50 nm into the glass layer, probably due to the spatial distribution of small organic inclusions. With this new methodology it becomes possible to determine the elastic moduli of nanometric inclusions even when embedded in a matrix which is 50 times stiffer.


The article describes the method for constructing a laser control system for the impurities level of technical oil (using the example of transformer oil pollution analysis). In the system under consideration, technical oil acts as a transformer cooling medium, and therefore requires impurities control (to ensure the quality of its cooling properties). Determination of indicators of oil impurities is based on the effect of scattering of the laser beam. Literary sources and authors' research were used to construct the structure of the laser measuring system. The effectiveness of the laser meter is verified by a series of experiments. The experiments took place in two stages. The first stage included the calibration of the photometer (to determine the refractive index of the glass of the photometer). The second stage included a series of experiments in which the values of the reference oil were compared with the value of the experimental contaminated samples.


This is a user manual for the computer code ""AGDISP'' (AGricultural DISPersal) which has been developed to predict the deposition of material released from fixed and rotary wing aircraft in a single-pass, computationally efficient manner. The formulation of the code is novel in that the mean particle trajectory and the variance about the mean resulting from turbulent fluid fluctuations are simultaneously predicted. The code presently includes the capability of assessing the influence of neutral atmospheric conditions, inviscid wake vortices, particle evaporation, plant canopy and terrain on the deposition pattern.


Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have gained significant relevance to the functioning and good results of different types of business, including in educational institutions. In this context, this qualitative study aimed to analyze e-maturity in an educational institution. To achieve the proposed objective, a study was performed using narratives at the Federal Institute of Sergipe (IFS). The collection of interpretive reports was carried out through semi-structured interviews applied to five strategic managers and two information technology managers. The results demonstrate that the constructs of infrastructure, technological leadership and support for the use and dissemination of ICTs constitute the administrative e-maturity of the institution, however, new actions and strategies must be implemented in order to enhance the functionalities and results obtained through the use of tools information technology.

Keywords: E-maturity, Infrastructure, Technological leadership, Support for ICT use and dissemination, Educational institution.


In this paper, a simple and efficient method, genetic algorithm (GA), for synthesis metamaterials is proposed to develop high absorption, wideband and multi-band absorbers. Several steps are added to the GA to higher its efficiency. We present three representative examples, for both single-layer and multilayer, with different reflectivity objectives which are optimized successfully by the GA. This GA based design is illustrated to be applicable and multifunctional in the metamaterials synthesis designs.


Small and clever circuit designs are introducing challenging issues to the silicon processing industries. Interconnect performance and reliability depend upon their protection against ionic mobility through the device interlayer passivation. This passivation is accomplished by the chemical vapor deposition of the constituents of phosphosilicate glass (PSG), which is then smoothened by high temperature viscous flow. However, the low temperature softening and viscous flow of borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) compared to phosphosilicate, along with its good step coverage, have gained popularity. The ionic mobility in this passivation can cause a serious leakage and result in a yield loss. In this glass, the boron-to-phosphorous ratio is very critical for the adsorption/absorption of sodium from the surrounding solvent. This study describes the reaction of sodium at the solid/liquid interface and its transfer into the passivation surface.


This article describes the contribution of female judges in law enforcement in Indonesia through the approach of a critical study of the Koran interpretation letter al-Nisâ' verse 34 and an explanation of the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad SAW who describes the position of women as judges in the judiciary. So this article will be focused on: (1) polemic female judges in religious courts; (2) female judges in the legal system in Indonesia; and (3) the position of women judges in Islamic legal system. From this discussion, the female judge is required to give good imaging as judges always give a good example to the parties and to other law enforcement officials, as long as he completed cases in the judicial sphere. However, imaging judge women as law enforcement officials so bound by a code of conduct (ethical code) and the oath of their profession.


Economic indicators are used to measure the performance of the economy when other indicators, such as gross domestic product, may not provide information about the state of the economy in real time. This article provides a review of national and international literature about the construction of indicators of economic activity. Additionally, a summary of the methodology most commonly used in the construction of indices of economic activity, Factorial Dynamic Model (MFD) and different types of estimation is offered.


The purpose of this research was to determine whether the use of constructivist teaching design application is more effective for the improvement of prospective science teachers' scientific literacy competence at the dimensions of nature of science and science-technology-society interaction than that found using traditional teaching design application. The research was based on pretest-posttest control group experimental design and carried out with using senior students from Science Teacher Education Programme of Ataturk Education Faculty of Marmara University through a semester in Science- Technology and Society course. The Test of Basic Scientific Literacy was used as assessment tool and the data derived from that test was analysed quantitatively by statistical techniques. The students in experimental group of research performed the activities held within constructivist instructional design and reported their studies through the semester while the students in control group of research experienced a teachercentered, didactic process. The results arrived showed that the constructivist instructional design application developed prospective science teachers' level of the nature of science and science-technology-society understandings to a higher degree than that seen using traditional instructional design application Key words: Scientific literacy, nature of science, science-technology-society interaction, constructivism, instructional design.


The penetration of Electric vehicle is currently increasing in the market with the spreading of charge stations which can be used as a vehicle to grid or a grid to vehicle point. The aim of this study is to employ this penetration for the sake of enhancing the performance of an IEEE-33bus system. The objective function is to enhance performance of the system by optimizing the total power losses along with enhancing the voltage profile with the aid of EV during specific hours along the day. Teaching-Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) technique is used to optimize the size of active power needed from the EV and its location on the busses. Presence of Renewable Energies (RE) is considered while taking into consideration the changes of their output power along the day. Eight different scenarios are discussed in this paper to manifest the effect of EV on the distribution system as a source of active power, four of the scenarios are including the presence of RE, while the other four are without any RE.


It is inevitable for power transformers to suffer from multiple impacts of short-circuit (SC) current and huge dynamic electromagnetic force in service, which may cause large elastic and plastic deformations. Under the SC fault, the distribution of flux leakage and the amplitude of electromagnetic force may be disturbed by winding deformations or displacement. This paper analyzes the cumulative strain-stress characteristics of transformer windings using a coupled electromagnetic-structural analysis solution. The dynamic electromagnetic force, mechanical stress, and plastic deformation are calculated by the 3-D finite-element method. An example of a two-winding 110-kV transformer is simulated. It is found that an initial and slight deformation in windings may influence the magnetic flux distribution. The changed flux density may enlarge the applied electromagnetic force in the windings. The cumulative model and simulation results of this paper may be useful for investigating the winding deformation state prediction.


Wing shapes take flight Birds can dynamically alter the shape of their wings during flight, although how this is accomplished is poorly understood. Matloff et al. found that two mechanisms control the movement of the individual feathers. Whenever the skeleton moves, the feathers are redistributed passively through compliance of the elastic connective tissue at the feather base. To prevent the feathers from spreading too far apart, hook-shaped microstructures on adjacent feathers form a directional fastener that locks adjacent feathers. These features are found across a range of bird sizes; however, because the detachment of the hooks is noisy, they are notably absent in silent fliers, such as barn owls. Science, this issue p. 293 Hooks on neighboring feathers let them slide apart and lock into position, allowing birds to gradually alter their wing shape. Variable feather overlap enables birds to morph their wings, unlike aircraft. They accomplish this feat by means of elastic compliance of connective tissue, which passively redistributes the overlapping flight feathers when the skeleton moves to morph the wing planform. Distinctive microstructures form "directional Velcro," such that when adjacent feathers slide apart during extension, thousands of lobate cilia on the underlapping feathers lock probabilistically with hooked rami of overlapping feathers to prevent gaps. These structures unlock automatically during flexion. Using a feathered biohybrid aerial robot, we demonstrate how both passive mechanisms make morphing wings robust to turbulence. We found that the hooked microstructures fasten feathers across bird species except silent fliers, whose feathers also lack the associated Velcro-like noise. These findings could inspire innovative directional fasteners and morphing aircraft.


Rapid signaling of neurons in the vertebrate nervous system depends on intact and compact myelin, a sheath of stacked membranes that enwraps segments of axons and increases nerve conduction velocity [ I ] . In the peripheral nervous system (PNS) axons are myelinated by Schwann cells (SCs).Axonal regulation of the SC phenotype is well established and axons are thought to play an important role in the differentiation of proliferating SCs towards a fully differentiated myelin-producing cell [2, 3]. From rat studies it is known that myelination of PNS axons is probably initiated by an axonally derived signal and is associated with the axonal diameter [4, 5]. Furthermore, maintenance of PNS myelin usually depends on physical contact between SCs and viable axons [6]. cAMP has been suggested to be involved in myelination as the second messenger. Agents that induce elevated levels of cAMP stimulate expression of myelin-related genes and downregulate the expression of genes that are upregulated after axotomy [7-9].Thus, the cAMP pathway could play a role in the communication between axons and SCs. Artificial elevation of cAMP mimics some aspects of axon-SC contact [10]. We examined the possibility of the human teratocarcinoma cell line (hNT2) as neuronal substrate for a model to study human axon-glial cell interactions. Addition of retinoic acid differentiates the hNT2 cells into terminally differentiated post-mitotic neurons [ I I ] with functional axons and dendrites after extensive outgrowth. Co-culture of these neurons with human SCs could provide an excellent tool to study cellcell interactions, gene expression and the role of growth factors in (re)myelination. Our previous attempts to co-culture these cells resulted in overgrowth of Schwann cells. As mentioned above, SCs need axons with a certain diameter to start myelination. The diameter of processes formed by hNT2 cells under known culture conditions are about l| im and needs to be increased to induce adhesion of the Schwann cells to the axonal processes and myelination. Here we describe the optimisation of the culture conditions of differentiated hNT2 cells into cells with larger diameter processes by manipulation of intracellular cAMP levels. Besides the proposed role of cAMP in interactions between axons and SC interaction, cAMP might also induce phosphorylation of the neurofilaments and thereby increase the axonal diameter [4, I 2].Therefore, we tested in this study whether elevated levels of intracellular cAMP could increase the axonal diameter.


Objective The discussion phentolamine union treats the young child capillarity bronchitis's clinical curative effect auxiliary. Method 200 example capillarity bronchitis baby divides into stochastically treats A group, to treat B group with the control group. A group to add phentolamine 0.1~0.3mg/kg based on the Comprehensive treatment. B group to add Cimetidine 10~15mg/kg based on the method of A group. Observes symptoms, the symptom durations and in hospital time of three groups and so on. Result Cough vanishing, the heavy breathing call sound vanishing, wet sound vanishing and the average in hospital date, three groups of comparisons, the difference has statistics significance (P0.05). Conclusion Phentolamine combined cimetidine treats the young child capillarity bronchitis to be able to speed up the symptom to alleviate, reduces the course and raises the cure rate, safe and easily. It is worth the clinical promotion.


Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the level of perception of gender in medical school students and to examine some variables that are thought to be related.
Methods: Study was carried at a public university faculty of medicine in 2018-2019 academic year and it consists of 1213 students without attendance problems and 1023 (84.3%) students were reached. The questionnaire form included some sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals, some variables thought to be related with gender perception and questions of the Perception of Gender Scale.
Results: In this study, medical students' gender perception levels and variables affecting it were evaluated and it was concluded that the students' gender perceptions were positive.
Conclusion: Medical faculty students should be role models in society's adoption of equality by looking at all practices from a gender equality perspective.


Ti80 (Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo) is a recently developed near-α titanium alloy that is generally applied in marine applications. In this study, the feasibility of producing the Ti80 alloy via the blended elemental powder metallurgy (BEPM) press-and-sinter method was demonstrated. Generally, the presence of elements with low diffusion mobility in titanium (Mo, Nb) creates difficulties with diffusion-controlled healing of the porosity and the realization of microstructural uniformity. These issues were minimized by using titanium hydride powder instead of titanium powder to activate the sintering, as well as by the proper selection of complex alloying powders rather than elemental powders to promote alloy uniformity. The sintering time-temperature conditions to obtain a chemically and microstructurally homogeneous and nearly-dense alloy microstructure were determined. Special attention was given to the microstructural peculiarities of the sintered material to regulate its mechanical characteristics. Finally, the processing parameters were determined to reach the properties required by alloy specifications. This enabled both the fully beta transformed lamellar microstructure inherent to beta phase field sintering and one that could be modified via post sintering thermomechanical processing.


Abstract : The core boring in Deep Ocean subtask of the overall Structures in Deep Ocean program necessitates procuring undistrubed soil samples from the sea floor to test their engineering properties. Many gravity and piston oceanographic coring tools in use retain the sediment obtained within plastic liners or directly in a plastic core barrel. Some difficulty has been experienced by investigators in maintaining samples in undisturbed condition during the process of sectioning the plastic prior to testing, ususally done by means of pipe-cutters, saws, or different types of bladed tools. Experimentation with a heated cutting element attached to a gun-type soldering iron has shown that plastic tubing can be efficiently and rapidly cut by this means to very close tolerances. This procedure is now being routinely applied to soil analysis work. (Author)


We consider the effects of radiation damping on the electron dynamics in a Gaussian-beam model of a laser field. For high intensities, i.e., with dimensionless intensity a0≫1, it is found that the ...


We describe a surveillance system made up of a fixed camera and a binocular active vision system. A fixed camera is used to provide the system with peripheral motion detection capabilities. The binocular active system is used to track in 3D and reconstruct the trajectories of specific targets. Both are fully integrated and the redundancy is exploited to achieve a higher degree of robustness in detecting and tracking intruders.


In unshielded two-wire circuits of weapon systems, the equipment at both ends of the cable needs to be tested at the same time. The theoretical model of substituting double bulk current injection (DBCI) for high-intensity radiated field (HIRF) electromagnetic radiation is established, which aims to calculate the relationship between the injection excitation voltage source and the radiation field intensity. Additionally, the conditions required for linear extrapolation is clarified. Subsequently, the test method of using DBCI for the HIRF radiated susceptibility (RS) is proposed. Next, the verification of the CST studio and the pass-through load test are performed. All results shows that the test method can avoid the influence of the impedance parameters of the two equipment at both ends, which can be applied to nonlinear terminals for the HIRF RS test.


Central solar heating plants with seasonal storage (CSHPSS) are able to contribute significantly to the future energy demand. Operational possibilities and cost data are presented. The effects of interconnections with other competing energy sources on the economy of the totalsystem are analyzed.


Forgiveness is associated to mental health, physical health and psychological wellbeing1‒5 due to the liberation of permanent pain caused by intense resentment. It was possible to interpret the particular experiences and individual perceptions based on the data collected. In 1979, Beck suggests the formation of cognitive schemes referred to the world, to others and to itself. Inside that cognitive element it is found the individual concept that every person has. In this way, forgiveness results from a process that is analyzed as a process of adaptation.6 In addition, forgiveness has a longevity effect, according to the type of forgiveness that is built.7


The subject of this study was the existing pedagogical systems from the point of view of the object-hierarchical structure of their typical training sessions, namely their following parameters: 1) how many branches of the hierarchical scheme does the lesson contain; 2) how many steps of the hierarchy does each branch have; 3) how many objects are contained at each step of the hierarchy; 4) how many known objects reveal the essence of each unknown object; 5) do the lower steps of the hierarchical scheme of the lesson contain such objects that are not disclosed due to 3-5 known ones; 6) at which stages of the lesson objects are represented in static, and at which – in motion. The present work is a theoretical study, which consists in studying the possibility of using the method of object-hierarchical modeling for a more accurate description of existing learning systems, which would make it possible to introduce quantitative certainty into pedagogy and psychology. This approach is based on the method of modeling the information structure of the lesson developed by the author and experimental data presented by him in previous works on the influence of structuring and dosing of educational material on the attention and discipline of students, as well as on their emotional state. It is concluded that some training systems that have gained a reputation for being effective are consistent with the data obtained (for example, classes on the methods of A.-Ya. Komensky, S. Frenet and V.F. Shatalov). It is also concluded that the main reason for the rejection of the widespread introduction of these and some other methods (for example, "immersion" and programmed learning) is the quantitative uncertainty of pedagogical recommendations, which, in turn, can be corrected by applying an object-hierarchical description of the structure of the lesson.


This paper will discuss several issues currently being debated by various industry and governmental advocates of the development of wind power in the U.S., specifically, the issues of the planning, siting and cost allocation of transmission lines.


We describe the case of a 60 years old woman, who came to our attention in November 2017. She was worried about a "dark line" which had recently developed on the second finger nail of the right hand. The patient had a medical history of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast and she had received in the Spring of 2017 six courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with Docetaxel and Cyclophosphamide, later in October 2017 she had started a hormonal therapy with Letrozole. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This paper shows the feasibility of constructing a 400 ft diameter steerable parabolic radio dish-type observatory on the moon. A structural configuration and the construction procedure are presented. The estimated earth weight of the proposed structure, assuming that graphite-epoxy-invar is used, is about 42 tons. An engineering construction timeline is also presented. The proposed structural configuration of the observatory is shown to be realistic and attainable.


In recent years,the surge in the number of the incident major network public opinion events led to a serious situation of safety supervision and early warning for the network public opinion and the state attached great importance to the situation.Based on the research of emergency mechanism and evolution of network public opinion,the paper builds a public opinion security evaluation index system for network emergencies involving indexes of three dimensions of users response,emergency information characteristics,emergency situation proliferation network,and other two indexes such as visual index to the content,Internet users orientation degree refinement and geographical spread indicator.The findings of the paper provide theoretical support for government and national public opinion regulatory authorities to establish a sound emergency early warning system.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the implementation of the Prevent Duty to actively promote fundamental British values in English Further Education (FE). After critically reviewing the history of Prevent and the 2015 Duty to identify evidence of radicalisation in FE, data from interviews of strategic decision-makers in two distinct cases is analysed. The identification, interpretation and recirculation of verbal, graphic and behavioural signs of radicalisation is highlighted. Pinpointing a 'semiotisation' of the Prevent agenda, practical and conceptual implications are discussed. First, we identify a practical preoccupation with signs, specific beliefs about how they work, and how decision-makers deal with them. Second, we divide these beliefs conceptually into univocal and polyvocal semiotisation, referring to the degree to which signs are understood as unequivocal indicators of meaning. We underline significant variations in practice in this context and implications which, we argue, link practice and research to inform the fields of (edu)semiotics and policy enactment.


Broadspectrum analysis is a kind of analytical method of specially generalized quantification.thinking from the angle of Broadspectrum analysis,Jiao Yu-lu spirit represent an orientation of value to control a social value field-network firstly,in fact it is a kind of servant spirit,and the servant spirit is the embodiment of a value relation on phylosiphy,what's more all of value relations are regarded as generalized supply-demand relations,therefore,both sides of supply and demand answer for the homogeneity and non-vacuity in the content.Secondly,the spirit embodies the request of materialistic history theory,and in the practice this spirit requests to solve the question of power structure,namely all of the government officials should be responsible for the people not to be responsible for the superior.


In this paper, a sub-optimal boundary control strategy for a free boundary problem is investigated. The model is described by a non-smooth convection-diffusion equation. The control problem is addressed by an instantaneous strategy based on the characteristics method. The resulting time independent control problems are formulated as function space optimization problems with complementarity constraints. At each time step, the existence of an optimal solution is proved and first-order optimality conditions with regular Lagrange multipliers are derived for a penalized-regularized version. The performance of the overall approach is illustrated by numerical examples.


We report the synthesis of a water-soluble flavin polymer using ATRP, whereby the oligoethylene glycol backbone provides both a local hydrophobic environment and redox tuning of the flavin moiety typical of flavoenzyme prototypes.


Background: The most common cause of diseases and dysfunction worldwide is depression. The issue of stigma is common and frequently arises from misunderstandings and a lack of awareness regarding mental illness.

Objective: to determine the level of stigma and its effect on depressed patients' daily lives in the Gaza Governorates.

Methods: 180 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were chosen, and a stigma scale was used in the descriptive design. In addition to the data on demographic variables, SPSS 25 was employed for statistical analysis in this study.

Results: The study found no variations at a significant level (0.05) in the development of stigma related to age, and the prevalence rate of perceived stigma is 64.5%. While there were significant differences at a significant level (0.05) in the development of stigma based on gender and differences in favor of women, on the other hand, 78.5% of the participants reported that there is a negative effect of stigma on their daily lives. This means that there was a significant relationship between stigma and the daily lives of depressed patients at a significant level (0.05).

Conclusion: Stigma negatively affects the daily lives of people with depression. Understanding the stigma's roots, sociodemographic characteristics, and complications is essential to creating successful anti-stigma campaigns.


Statistics from the sixth population census indicates that an increasing number of senior citizens makes the caring of golden aged people an urgent and serious social problem.Faced with the aged tendency of population,the necessity of pension model based on old-age care institutions is demonstrated.The supply and demand market of it in urban areas is studied.Henan province is taken as an example to propose a corresponding system to realize the balance between supply and demand by analyzing a total amount and the structure of the unbalance in this model.


In this work, an Eu2+-doped K3ScSi2O7 (KSSO) NIR phosphor with broad-band NIR emission and robust thermal stability was designed and synthesized successfully. The crystal structure, luminescent properties, the mechanism of abnormal NIR emission, thermal stability and application to NIR pc-LEDs were investigated in detail.


How do voters in a developed economy react to political violence at the ballot box? Most of the current literature suggests that a social movement turning violent dampens its support. To this end, we examine the effect of violent clashes and indiscriminate state repression on Hong Kong's 2019 municipal election. Using original geocoded data, we proxy violence and repression by the frequency of police shooting tear gas rounds at protesters. Despite the movement turning in part violent, the presence of indiscriminate state repression reduces regime support. We offer evidence that repression de-mobilized pro-regime voters. We discuss possible explanations behind our findings and how the specificity of political violence may matter in shaping public support in protest movements.


The invention provides a method for comprehensively utilizing straw liquid by liquefaction and separation. The method for comprehensively utilizing the straw liquid by liquefaction and separation takes straw as raw material, and comprises the steps of crushing the raw material, then adding water into the crushed raw material, mixing and stirring to obtain straw pulp with the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 50-1: 2; after that, carrying out liquefaction reaction in a high-pressure kettle, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the collected reaction mixture to obtain solid phase matter and aqueous phase matter of the reaction mixture; respectively extracting the solid phase matter and the aqueous phase matter with organic solvent; separating the solid phase matter to obtain organic phase matter and solid residue, and removing the organic solvent in the organic phase matter by the reduced pressure distillation of a rotary evaporator to obtain bio-oil; and separating the aqueous phase matter to obtain organic phase matter and residual aqueous phase matter, and removing the organic solvent in the organic phase matter by the reduced pressure distillation of the rotary evaporator to obtain bio-based chemicals. After the method is adopted, the crop straw can be more comprehensively utilized, thus greatly solving the problem of environmental pollution caused by the straw; and the method is simple in production technology, low in production cost, high in added value of products, small in pollution and easy in industrial production.