Separation of concerns is an important factor in the development of complex software systems. Being able to reason about system concerns in isolation and compose them to a whole are key elements for succeeding with the specification and implementation of such systems. In software product line engineering, management of features is an essential activity in the product development process. Features represent concerns, or parts of concerns, which are composed into products. The mechanisms supporting separation of concerns become increasingly more sophisticated, e.g. through aspect-oriented tools and techniques featuring flexible composition of crosscutting concerns in programming and modelling. Composition of concerns do not come without challenges; in current aspect-oriented composition languages, the syntactic nature of pointcut expressions leads to vulnerable relationships between aspects and base systems. When multiple concerns are involved, in the form of an aspect-oriented design, a product line feature design, or other, these may be in conflict with each other. In many cases, the state-of-the-art composition technologies leave little control for constraining the effects imposed on a system by compositions. This thesis defines theoretical and practical solutions for detecting and solving conflicting or problematic situations when composing software systems. First, it gives a definition for semantics preservation for sequence diagram aspect composition, which is a tool that helps ensuring consistent application of scenario – or trace-based – aspects even if the base model changes. Second, it defines mechanisms for composing and analysing product line features, which help toward ensuring consistency of feature composition by addressing confluence and conflict situations. Third, it defines a technique for defining and associating composition contracts with models. It allows constraining the model composition by preand post-conditions, which gives increased control over changes that can be imposed by model composition, e.g. by aspects. These aspects all contribute toward the overall goal of the thesis – semantics preservation of systems during model composition.


)= r(3 + 1)t-(t), A3> 1, and define T'Ia(t), a(t) ?a(t) and Ga(t) in a similar way. 1.2. In 1930 it was proved by Bosanquet [3] that if 4a(t) )0, as t->O, for ax>0, then the Fourier series of f(6), at 0=x, is summable (C, ax+6) for every 8>0. This result however breaks down for 5=0 [15]. For the case ax=0, Hardy and Littlewood [8] obtained the convergence of the Fourier series (1.1.1), at O=x, under a set of stricter conditions, namely


Optic flow generated by rigid surface patches can be decomposed into four elementary motion types. We have shown that the human visual system can metrically
estimate two of these motion types, rotation and expansion, by angular velocity and rate of expansion respectively. However, this contradicts previous work that reported linear
velocity to be the parameter estimated. This discrepancy was caused by a difference in experimental methods. Experimental evidence shows that the visual system uses a
different motion parameter based on the amount of motion information available. We've modeled this systematic switchover in information utilized in a probabilistic manner. Specifically, low motion information stimuli have a higher probability of being estimated by linear velocity than high motion information stimuli


Pauline Rowson talks to Julian Clegg BBC Radio Solent about her DI Andy Horton crime novels and the latest in the marine mystery series featuring former Royal Marine Commando, Art Marvik, now an undercover investigator for the UK's National Intelligence Marine Squad


The new Federation of the British territories of the Caribbean area will come into being in 1957, with the first federal elections under the new constitutional arrangements probably being held early in 1956. In this article Professor Lewis sets out the general background of West Indian society within which the Federal Government will operate. A short initial historical background of the federal idea is followed by .a discussion of the varied factors that make Federation a logical step for these dispersed and poverty-stricken islands. This is followed, in turn, by two larger sections, The first of these deals in detail with the general socia'! and psychological conditions of West Indian society; with sorne particular reference being paid to social attitudes of the peasant and worker in that society; the relationship between them and the elements of West Indian government; the role of color in social and individual relationships; the problem of a superimposed British culture-pattern upon a colonial people; and the kind of public policy that will have to be pursued by imaginative government if a West Indian answer 1S to be provided to the West Indian question, The second larger section analyzes the character of politics and political parties in the British Caribbean. It includes a description of the pllesent forms of constitutional and political rule in the Crown Colonysystem and an analysis of the various factors that explain the comparative imrnaturity of disciplined and principled political parties in the region. Note is taken of the recent rise of new party organizations which promise to replace the old forrns with new structures and new social and economic philosophies more attuned to the rising demand for responsible self-government in the area, possibly to end in Dominion Status of the region within the Cornrnonwealth. Note is likewise taken of those aspects of the proposed Federa'! Constitution which impige upon these aspects of West Indian government. The final and shorter section of the article deals with the growth of a Caribbean national culture and consciousness within the British area. For the development of federal self-government is only one aspect of the rise of colonial nationalism within the Caribbean; one of the problems of the federal venture, in turn, will be that of adjusting its machinery and its outlook to the demands of that nationalist spirit. In this sense, the Caribbean reflects the larger spirit of racial and nationalist self-assertiveness that is to be seen in the Asian and African continents. The article closes by drawing attention to the fact that the stubborn anglophilism of the British Caribbean, along with its nearness to the United States, suggests that the region may become an experiment in the meeting and the mixture of the old and the new worlds in the twentieth century.


Lyapunov functions play a key role in the stability analysis of complex systems. In this paper, we study the existence of a class of common weak linear copositive Lyapunov functions (CWCLFs) for positive switched linear systems (PSLSs) which generalize the conventional common linear copositive Lyapunov functions (CLCLFs) and can be used as handy tool to deal with the stability of PSLSs not covered by CLCLFs. We not only establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of CWCLFs but also clearly describe the algebraic structure of all CWCLFs. Numerical examples are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.


Improving of the quality of professional training at universities through active collaboration between academic and business components of triple helix model. In Russia "future employers — university" connection is still not developed well. Universities have to change their internal environment in order to engage students and faculty in enterpreneurial activities. This change will result not only in bringing education programs in accordance with business needs, but in creating more versatile young specialists, as well.


Prompted by high cost of fertilizer, farmers are investigating ways to enhance the efficiency of phosphorus (P) fertilizers. This study examined the effects of liming application (0 Mg ha -1 and recommended rate), P source [non-treated control and a broadcast application of diammonium phosphate (DAP) or triple superphosphate (TSP)], and the presence or absence of two commercial enhanced efficiency P products (Avail ® and P2O5-Max ® ) on corn (Zea mays L.) production. The study was conducted at Novelty in northeastern Missouri and Portageville in southeastern Missouri. The P enhancers did not affect plant population, silage dry weights, grain moisture, yield, protein, oil, or starch concentrations at either location. At Portageville, P enhancers did not affect plant N, P, K uptake and apparent P recovery efficiency (APRE). At Novelty, neither P enhancer paired with DAP increased P uptake over the non-treated control. TSP treated with Avail


Seismic isolation technology has been proven to significantly reduce the seismic response of the structures, systems and components (SSCs) in a nuclear power plant (NPP), improve the seismic reliability and safety of nuclear power plants, reduce construction costs, and shorten construction periods. Reliability analysis of a lead-bismuth small modular reactor (SMR) with a seismic isolation design was conducted: ANSYS APDL was used to establish a finite element model of the SMR, modal analysis was performed on the isolated SMR, and the dynamic characteristics of the SMR was obtained; seismic design spectrum proposed by Newmark-Hall was used as input for seismic spectrum analysis, and the seismic response evaluation of SMR was carried out; ANSYS PDS (Probability design system) module was used to carry out probabilistic calculation of the above process, and the calculation considers the uncertainties in the physical parameters of structure materials and isolation bearings, geometric dimensions and seismic response spectrum, the random variables were sampled by the Latin hypercube sampling method in the Monte Carlo method, and failure probability of isolated SMR and non-isolated SMR were obtained through mathematical statistics. The calculation results show that the seismic isolation design can significantly reduce the failure probability under earthquakes and improve the safety of lead-bismuth SMR.


The abdominal aorta of 7 pregnant rabbits was treated below the renal arteries on the 21st day of pregnancy, producing a stricture which reduced the lumen to 2.0 mm in diameter. The pressor response to angiotensin II was assessed by measuring the systolic blood pressure of the ear using a Grant-Rothschild capsule. After stricture of the abdominal aorta, the systolic blood pressure in pregnant rabbits was not statistically different from that of sham operated rabbits. However, a significant increase in vascular reactivity to infused angiotensin II was demonstrated during the remaining gestational period.These findings suggest that interference with the blood supply of the pregnant uterus is an important factor in determining the vascular reactivity to angiotensin II in pregnant rabbits


The stresses which are caused by differing thermal expansion values of materials and depend on the processes of structural and mechanical relaxation in glass are considered. The analysis of stresses in cylindrical coaxial seals may be reduced to computation of stresses in equivalent sandwich seals; this calculation can be accomplished by using a well-known algorithm. The results of the calculations agree well with existing experimental data.


Perfect successive interference cancellation (pSIC) is often assumed in power domain Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems. Besides, signals are generally decoded in the order of received signal strength from the strongest to the weakest (DS2W). However, pSIC is impractical in the real NOMA system, and choosing the order of DS2W for the imperfect SIC NOMA systems may lead to decoding failure. In this letter, the imperfect SIC is considered, and a hierarchical deep reinforcement learning-based user access and decoding order selection (HDRUD) algorithm is proposed for the considered uplink NOMA. The simulation shows that the algorithm is significantly better than traditional access and decoding schemes, especially when the SIC is imperfect or the quality of service (QoS) requirements of users are different.


Sexual self-schemas have been defined as cognitive representations about sexual aspects of the self (Andersen & Cyranowski, 1994). Women's sexual self-views include both positive and negative dimensions, and are associated with systematic patterns of sexual-romantic affects and behaviors (Cyranowski & Andersen, 1998a). The current research explores cognitive components of the sexual self-schema construct. Specifically, we examine how women with Positive, Co-Schematic, Aschematic, and Negative sexual self-views cognitively process sexual-romantic information about the self. Results indicate that these groups exhibit consistent differences in their retrieval of sexual-romantic personal experience, prediction of future sexual-romantic responses, and the manner and speed with which they make sexually-relevant self-judgments.


Parasites cause many important diseases in humans and domestic animals. By concentrating on selected infections, 'Immunity to Parasites' provides an account of how hosts can control parasites through immune responses and of how parasites can evade immunity. This second edition includes an expanded section on anti-parasite vaccines.


15533 Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but highly aggressive neoplasm with a dismal prognosis. However, a few patients survive for a long time after treatment. We tried to identify prognostic factors of this disease and analyzed treatment outcomes in patients with ATC.

METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of 15 patients diagnosed with ATC in our institution between 1988 and 2003. The survival was compared by the Kaplan-Meier log-rank test.

RESULTS
The female-to-male ratio was 1.5:1 (9 women and 6 men), and the mean age at diagnosis was 63.9 years (range, 44-91). The mean tumor size was 6.3cm (range, 4-10 cm). Extrathyroidal invasion was present in 12 cases and distant metastasis at diagnosis was present in 6 cases. Surgery was performed in 8 cases. Radiotherapy was used for 10 cases and chemotherapy for 5 cases. The mean overall survival time of the 15 patients was 237 days (range, 28-717 days). The 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month survival rates were 33%, 26%, 13% and 0%. No association was found between survival and presenting symptoms, age, gender, tumor size, previous goiter history, extrathyroidal invasion, distant metastasis, surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. A significantly better outcome was observed in patients received triple modality treatment (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) than in those received single or dual modality treatment (P = 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Although most patients with ATC had a poor prognosis, a multimodal approach including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, might improve survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


We introduce a new type of problems for math word problem (MWP) solvers, named Noun-MWPs, whose answer is a non-numerical string containing a noun from the problem text. We present a novel method to empower existing MWP solvers to handle Noun-MWPs, and apply the method on Expression-Pointer Transformer (EPT). Our model, N-EPT, solves Noun-MWPs significantly better than other models, and at the same time, solves conventional MWPs as well. Solving Noun-MWPs may lead to bridging MWP solvers and traditional question-answering NLP models.


This article demonstrates the method of simple hot-filament-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for diamond growth. In this method, a tungsten filament at 2000 to 2350°C is used to dissociate gas mixtures containing about 3 vol% C2H2OH in H2. The filament is typically placed within 2 mm of the surface of a molybdenum substrate to produce diamond. Diamonds grown by this method are commonly bounded by cubic {100} or depressed octahedral {111} planes or combination of the two.


Sediment surveys were conducted over a period of 16 years on two small reservoirs in the Nanticoke River basin, Delware in order to assess the effects of watershed drainage projects on sediment yield. Herns Pond was used as a control watershed in which no drainage improvement activities were performed while Fleetwood Pond lies at the downstream end of Tyndall Branch in which 38.2 miles of channel were improved to provide drainage. Land use did not change significantly in the Fleetwood Pond watershed after drainage was improved. After 16 years, Herns Pond is accumulating sediment at the annual rate of .110 tons per acre of contributing area as compared to .053 tons per acre in Fleetwood Pond. The lower yield in Fleetwood Pond appears to be due to: an increase in infiltration and decrease in surface runoff; more crop cover and residue on farmland; ability to use conservation tillage methods on drained cropland; and use of in-channel sediment traps during and after construction.


Flows in networks (or graphs) play a significant role in numerous computer vision tasks. The scalar-valued edges in these graphs often lead to a loss of information and thereby to limitations in terms of expressiveness. For example, oftentimes high-dimensional data (e.g. feature descriptors) are mapped to a single scalar value (e.g. the similarity between two feature descriptors). To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel formalism for non-separable multi-dimensional network flows. By doing so, we enable an automatic and adaptive feature selection strategy - since the flow is defined on a per-dimension basis, the maximizing flow automatically chooses the best matching feature dimensions. As a proof of concept, we apply our formalism to the multi-object tracking problem and demonstrate that our approach outperforms scalar formulations on the MOT16 benchmark in terms of robustness to noise.


PURPOSE: A data input method and a portable terminal implementing the same are provided to conveniently input various kinds of data by easily changing a keypad into a desired input mode. CONSTITUTION: A touch screen(110) generates a touch event in response to the manipulation of a user. A display unit(130) displays an identifier representing different keypads. If the touch event selecting the identifier is received from the touch screen, a control unit(150) displays a keypad corresponding to the selected identifier. The display unit arranges identifiers on a side of the screen, moves the identifier from the side of the screen to the center, and displays the keypad on a side of the identifier. [Reference numerals] (110) Touch screen; (120) Key input unit; (130) Display unit; (140) Storage unit; (150) Control unit


Interest in nano-scale manufacturing research and development is growing. The reason is to accelerate the translation of discoveries and inventions of nanoscience and nanotechnology into products that would benefit industry, economy and society. Ongoing research in nanomanufacturing is focused primarily on developing novel nanofabrication techniques for a variety of applications—materials, energy, electronics, photonics, biomedical, etc. Our goal is to foster the development of high-throughput methods of fabricating nano-enabled products. Large-area parallel processing and highspeed continuous processing are high-throughput means for mass production. An example of large-area processing is step-and-repeat nanoimprinting, by which nanostructures are reproduced again and again over a large area, such as a 12 in wafer. Roll-to-roll processing is an example of continuous processing, by which it is possible to print and imprint multi-level nanostructures and nanodevices on a moving flexible substrate. The big pay-off is high-volume production and low unit cost. However, the anticipated cost benefits can only be realized if the increased production rate is accompanied by high yields of high quality products. To ensure product quality, we need to design and construct manufacturing systems such that the processes can be closely monitored and controlled. One approach is to bring cyber-physical systems (CPS) concepts to nanomanufacturing. CPS involves the control of a physical system such as manufacturing through modeling, computation, communication and control. Such a closely coupled system will involve in-situ metrology and closed-loop control of the physical processes guided by physics-based models and driven by appropriate instrumentation, sensing and actuation. This paper will discuss these ideas in the context of controlling high-throughput manufacturing at the nano-scale.


Nathaniel M. Fried University of North Carolina at Charlotte Department of Physics and Optical Science Charlotte, North Carolina 28223 and Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Department of Urology Baltimore, Maryland 21287 Abstract. Cavernous nerves course along the surface of the prostate gland and are responsible for erectile function. These nerves are at risk of injury during surgical removal of a cancerous prostate gland. In this work, a combination of segmentation, denoising, and edge detection algorithms are applied to time-domain optical coherence tomography OCT images of rat prostate to improve identification of cavernous nerves. First, OCT images of the prostate are segmented to differentiate the cavernous nerves from the prostate gland. Then, a locally adaptive denoising algorithm using a dual-tree complex wavelet transform is applied to reduce speckle noise. Finally, edge detection is used to provide deeper imaging of the prostate gland. Combined application of these three algorithms results in improved signalto-noise ratio, imaging depth, and automatic identification of the cavernous nerves, which may be of direct benefit for use in laparoscopic and robotic nerve-sparing prostate cancer surgery. © 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. DOI: 10.1117/1.3481144


The N-oxide of triethylenediamine is a globular molecule possessing a high electrical moment (4.64 D). The molecule presents a plastic crystalline phase (P2{sub 1}3) from 145 to 220{degree}C and a noncentrosymmetric crystalline phase (R3c) below this temperature range. Solid-state proton NMR allows us to characterize a molecular rotation around the ternary axis in the crystalline phase. Dielectric measurements in the plastic crystalline phase reveal a dipole reorientation along the directions of the lattice. The use of such molecules for making materials for nonlinear optics is outlined.


Security problems in computer systems are caused by a variety of design deficiencies, implementation defects and, as this thesis shows, by transient errors. The thesis first studies real world security vulnerabilities via an analysis of available security data and experimentation. Results of the study show that: (i) Nearly 60% of the successful attacks exploit design defects in target applications that allow attackers to tamper with critical control information to seize the application execution; and (ii) Naturally occurring transient errors can infrequently corrupt security sensitive code in such a way as to leave the software in a totally vulnerable state open to attacks. A stochastic model in conjunction with real data demonstrates that, although infrequent, such problems have a finite probability. The thesis then proposes two algorithms—Transparent Runtime Randomization (TRR) and Control Data Randomization (CDR)—to protect an application against security attacks. The two algorithms are implemented by instrumenting the operating system, runtime system and compiler, and are experimentally evaluated against a wide range of security attacks. The thesis also explores the potential of architectural support for security. Three hardware security modules—Secure Return Address Stack (SRAS), Memory Layout Randomization and Data Dependency Tracker—are implemented and evaluated in a processor-level framework called Reliability and Security Engine.


This work was first time for "Habak Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah"; (Ocimum basilicum) (OB) endophytic-ability against pathogenic-bacteria (PB) proven success-use-constantly (SUC) in Saudi-society (SS), Taif, KSA". Through in-vitro, experiment had found Fungi endophytic crude extracts (FECEs)had eliminated Gram-positive (GP-PB), and Gram-negative (GN-PB). Actinomyces endophytic crude extracts (AECEs)were stronger, eliminating GP-PB and GN-PBthan FECEs. Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/ml found through in-vitroexperiment the growth colonies number were more effective by AECEs than FECEs to kill PB that could lead to SSinfectious diseases. The characteristics of OBis a plant preserves endophyte microorganisms (MOs) and kills PB in a very vital bio-bactericidal way. It is available and cheap price. The results confirm OBproven SUC in SS and athigh altitude area (HAA).As the use in food and beverages because of their medical importance in maintaining public health (PH).That decided endophytes present in OBare of medicinal and therapeutic significance as they included Fungi and Actinomycetes. They are secreting substances capable of killing PB by bio-bactericidal way. Therefore, it is using in KSA, but the current in-vitroexperiment has used at HAA and proved highly effective to kill PB that might lead to infection disease, which maintains PH.This concluded OBendophytes proved its bio-bactericidal effects to kill PB. AECEs were stronger thanFECEs at HAA. OBrecommended using in beverages and foods without boiling prevent killingendophytes MOs and kept its bio-bactericidal effects to kill PB. This provenSUC in SS and at HAA helps maintain PH.


Abstract This work offers an in-depth description of the main morphosyntactic (and lexical) features found in present Salvadoran Spanish, a lesser-known Central American variety. Text corpora and sociolinguistic surveys help us to provide an updated grammatical overview, which takes into account most categories: nouns and adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions and locutions, and illustrates with examples taken both from formal and informal settings. By comparing these features with previous grammatical descriptions, this study helps in identifying some common American features —such as the use of hasta (que) and una mi amiga— as well as some specific patterns —such as the prominence of -ado and -oso suffixes, utualito adverb, algotro pronoun and old expletive lo— in present-day Salvadoran Spanish, some of which remain to be incorporated in the Academy grammar (simasito adverb, al no más + infinitive locution).


The analysis of the audit services market clearly demonstrates a significant fluctuation in the quantity and cost of services in different regions, which in most cases depends on the concentration of industrial enterprises, the solvency of the audit customers themselves and their understanding of the cost and quality of audit services. This article is dedicated to this, in which such fundamental issues of the activities of audit firms and auditors as entering the professional services market, the quality of such services, and pricing for audit services are examined. The analysis of the audit services market clearly demonstrates a significant fluctuation in the quantity and cost of services in different regions, which in most cases depends on the concentration of industrial enterprises, the solvency of the audit customers themselves and their understanding the cost and quality of audit services. The article considers such problems of the auditors and audit firms activities as entering the professional services market, the quality of such services, and pricing of audit services. The analysis of the market of audit services is presented, which demonstrates a significant fluctuation in the quantity and cost of services in different regions, which in most cases depends on the solvency of audit customers, the concentration of industrial enterprises and the quality of audit services provided. The analysis of the audit activities results and the state of the market for audit services indicates that the audit market suffers from changes occurring in the country, which indicate that the audit market is functioning and transforming as a result of a number of factors, in particular: crisis phenomena in society; stricter requirements for the audit profession by regulators; imperfection of the legislative framework; lack of a mechanism for pricing audit services; lack of punishment for false information in the reports of auditors; insufficient number of highly qualified auditors; decrease in solvency of audit customersю It was found that, along with a decrease in the number of subjects of audit activity in the Register of Audit Firms, there is a tendency to increase the volume of services provided. It is proved that in order to increase the value of the audit, introduce and operate a system for ensuring the quality of audit services, improve the professional knowledge of practicing accountants, increase the market for audit services and ensure the important role of the audit profession recognized in our society, constant monitoring and development of decisions on issues related to the functioning of the audit system in Ukraine are necessary.
Keywords: audit, market, competition, audit quality, cost of audit services, subjects of audit activity


A study was made on the stability of 8-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogenin urine. Data are presentedshowingthat both substancescan be preservedin the same sample by adjusting the pH to 6-7 and storing at -20#{176}for periods up to 1 month, or at 4#{176}forperiods up to 2 weeks. As previously shown (1), these conditions are also satisfactory for preservationof coproporphyrin.


Risperidone, though an anti-psychotic drug, have been reported to exhibit anti-ulcer activity. Observation that drugs used in the treatment of gastric ulcer do have recurrence after use, have made the search for a novel drug a continuous one. This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms underlying the antigastric ulcer activity of risperidone whose anti-ulcer property has not been elucidated in male rats. Male Wistar rats weighing between 180g and 210g were divided into four groups (n= 6): control (distilled water) and risperidone treated (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mg/kg) orally daily for 21 days were used in each of the studies. Basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion (GAS) using histamine, pentagastrin, and carbachol were assessed using continuous perfusion method. Malonialdehyde (MDA) concentration, gastric mucus secretion (GMS) and gastric mucus cells count (GMCC) were assessed using spectrophotometric method and calibrated microscopy respectively. Data were analysed using Student's t-test and ANOVA at p= 0.05. The stimulated histamine and pentagastrin GAS (mEq/l) were significantly reduced by risperidone over eighty minutes' period, but not with carbachol. GMS (mg/g tissue x10-2) increased significantly in the 0.1mg/kg (1.1±0.1), 0.3mg/kg (1.3±0.1) and 0.5mg/kg (1.4±0.2) risperidone-pretreated groups compared with the control (0.6±0.03) group. There was also a dose-dependent significant increase in the GMCC (mm2) of the 0.1mg/kg (121.2±5.0), 0.3mg/kg (128.6±2.5) and 0.5mg/kg (129.3±3.8) risperidone treated rats compared with the control (103.3±4.2). The MDA (μmol/L x 10-6) levels in the 0.1mg/kg (0.2±0.01), 0.3mg/kg (0.2±0.01) and 0.5mg/kg (0.1±0.05) risperidone groups were significantly decreased compared to control (0.3±0.09). The study revealed that the anti-gastric ulcer activity of risperidone may be by blocking histamine H2 and gastrin receptors, increasing gastric mucus secretion, number of gastric mucus cells count and by decreasing lipid peroxidation level.


This paper describes the development of an iterative and α-selective glycosylation method for 2-deoxyglycosyl and 2,6-dideoxythioglycoside donors based on the DMF modulation concept. We used NMR spectroscopy to probe the 2-deoxyglycosyl imidinium intermediate and elucidated the conditions to decrease the formation of glycal and thus to increase the reaction yields. Further elaboration of the glycosylation method opened the gate for an iterative one-pot synthesis of 2-deoxy- and 2,6-dideoxyglycoside-containing oligosaccharides.


This study aims to delineate the significance of using student centered instructional approaches for enhancing learners' competency in vocabulary learning, in higher education. The working group for this study comprised of 26 students studying the Foundation Year Program in the English Language Centre at University of Bahrain during the academic year 2018-2019. Student Centered "instructions designed according to the model consisting of nine steps of instructional events based on the Condition of Learning theory by Robert. M. Gagné" was used for this purpose. Gagne's model of instructional design provides valuable guidelines to organize lessons as a systematic instructional design process. It focuses on the instructional learning outcomes and how to organize specific instructional events to facilitate effective learning experiences in order to accomplish the intended learning objectives. Applying Gagne's nine stages of learning administers a systematic learning program as it presents a structured framework for lesson planning and a holistic view to the teaching learning process. Prior to using this series of nine levels of learning, students were given a pretest, in order to understand the stratum of active and passive vocabulary they utilize in language learning. At the end of the study, students were evaluated by a post test. The results demonstrated that learner centered instructional approach was successful in augmenting learners 'retention and transfer of productive and receptive vocabulary knowledge in language learning therefore, such learner centred instructional approaches are cogent for paving higher educational academic accomplishments and promoting learner autonomy.


"Module networks" are a framework to learn gene regulatory networks from expression data using a probabilistic model in which coregulated genes share the same parameters and conditional distributions. We present a method to infer ensembles of such networks and an averaging procedure to extract the statistically most significant modules and their regulators. We show that the inferred probabilistic models extend beyond the dataset used to learn the models.


Most paleobiologists lead pretty inconspicuous (professional) lives; our papers are cited by few and read by fewer. But such is the interest of Man's Place in Nature that the closer one gets to humanity, the greater the public visibility. One Mesozoic mammal is worth a thousand Mesozoic fishes and a myriad Paleozoic brachiopods. As for hominoids, it is surely a weird experience to pick up a book in which a large part of the index consists of citations of catalog numbers of indi vidual fossils. At that rate, one hominoid frag ment will outweigh a family in less visible groups, an inference borne out by the ratio of specialists to specimens, closer to unity in paleoanthropol ogy than in any other branch of paleontology. The public awareness of and interest in these fossils is evident also in the profession, for in no other group does the non-specialist have so much grasp of the animals and their characters. Once in the limelight, of course the paleoanthropologist must act the part, play to the gallery, satisfy the customers, and give books titles like Ancestors: The Hard Evidence. As many will know, "Ancestors" was a meet ing (April 6-10, 1984), an exhibition (April 1 3 September 9, 1984), and (since August 1985) a book, all centered on the American Museum of Natural History, and aiming as high as is possible: that all original human fossils, their curators and other competent specialists should be gathered in New York to set a datum of paleoanthropology in the mid-1980s. Aim is rarely perfect, and contemplating the events pre ceding "Ancestors" one both admires the nobility of the vision of unhampered international co operation, and sympathizes with the reality glimpsed in the "expurgated history" of the proj ect (by Tattersall, John van Couvering and Delson) which opens the book. As organizers, their fears were of damage to fossils by creationists and other members of the "supply of active ma niacs in the Tri-State area." In any event the causes of withdrawals on the eve of the meeting were presumably different, and included political pressure on governments or institutions in three continents. Long before that, other authorities had denied support; who they were can be gath ered from the book only by inference (they in cluded my own institution and everything in Af rica south of the Sahara except the Republic of South Africa), and inference or intuition will not disclose the pressures they felt or imagined. So much is water under the bridge. What about the book? First, Eric Delson performed something like a miracle in wresting 44 mss from their authors and kicking them (the mss) into shape so that a well-edited and well-produced book is on the shelves only 16 months after the meeting. He has organized the book in much the same form as the meeting, but has arranged that each of six major sections is introduced by a short article from the session chairman commenting on his session and summarizing the discussion dur ing it (Delson himself writes two of these). These articles are really better read after the papers they refer to than before them, and they are the read er's only opportunity to get a feel of what went on at the meeting. As someone who has, in the past, had a bit to say about the concept of ancestry and its role in paleontology, I was particularly keen to see what would be made of it in so provocatively titled a book and so paradigmatic a case. I noted every mention of ancestry in the book. The pref ace says, disarmingly, that the fossils concerned are "in a broad sense, the ancestors of each person who came to the exhibition," but in that broad sense the notion becomes so vague as to be hardly distinguishable from the monkeys beloved of Victorian cartoonists and the yellow press. In fact, most contributors to the book use the concept of ancestry in a similar broad sense. Ancestry may be used first as a vague synonym of or alternative to relationship, as in "whether those taxa might be potentially related or ances tral to the Old World monkeys" (p. 9). Second, it may be used to express the concept of the


Abstract Elena Uryson: Special Meanings of the Imperfective Aspect in the Semantics of the Russian Noun The paper deals with imperfective verbs in analytic explications of meaning of Russian nouns. In most cases such a verb has gnomic meaning. The goal of this article is to show that some Russian nouns contain a semantic component denoting the moment of speech or some other fixed moment. Therefore, these nouns should be explicated with imperfective verbs in continuous meaning. Several Russian nouns of this type are described. They belong to different semantic groups. Some of them denote spatial objects; others are nomina agentis; still others denote emotions or desire. Nouns denoting something/somebody existing at the moment of speech or some other fixed moment seem to be rare in Russian. Careful analysis of Russian vocabulary is required to discover them.


For pt.II see abstr. A8428 of 1973. A detailed theoretical discussion is given of the Jahn-Teller theory of a ground state orbital doublet in a trigonal environment. In particular, the isoelectronic ions Cr2+ and Mn3+ in Al2O3 are studied and it is found that the site symmetry may be approximated to C3v. A cluster model is used to evaluate the coefficients in the hamiltonian describing the spin system which is derived using symmetry arguments. Various approximations in the theory are discussed in detail. It is shown that the system is characterized by four parameters. The more important are the inversion splitting delta and lambda 2/ Delta . Data previously obtained by APR experiments when the magnetic field is along the c axis are used to obtain estimates for the parameters for Cr2+. The best fit to the data is obtained by taking the anharmonic coefficient B to be positive, delta approximately 3.0 cm-1. and lambda 2/ Delta approximately 0.6 cm-1 An energy level diagram appropriate to Cr2+ in constrained sites in Al2O3 is also given.


Touchscreens and tablets are often used in different studies and applications to capture high-resolution drawing, handwriting, or signatures. Several studies tend to analyse different properties, such as peaks or changes of the time derivatives of the coordinates; like velocity, angular velocity, acceleration or jerk of the movements. These are substantial features to analyse drawing, analyse or recognize handwriting, to examine the fluency of handwriting or verify signatures. The reliability of such a study strongly depends on the fidelity of the acquired data. We have tested several touchscreens and tablets which are widely used in different research studies, focusing on the resolution and accuracy of the coordinates and the uniformity of sampling. We have found that the vendors' performance specifications (to the extent the vendor gives meaningful specifications) may seriously deviate from reality. Even if some of the raw data may look satisfactory at first sight, our examination uncovered several potentially significant bad behaviors, and instances in which the specifications from the vendors are, at best, misleading and incompletely informative. Some authors mention that the reliability of tablet data is unclear [1], [2], but researchers may underestimate to what extent it could influence their results. This paper uncovers some aspects of the unreliability of the data and emphasizes the importance of understanding and addressing (or at least, knowing) the revealed problems prior to any analysis.


Abstract A 330 m calibration baseline was established at the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) in 2007. Absolute scale was subsequently transferred in 2012 from the Nummela Standard Baseline in Finland and distances between pillars were determined with uncertainties ranging from 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm. In order to assess the long-term stability of the baseline three field campaigns were carried out from 2013 to 2015 in a co-operative effort with the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), which provided the only Mekometer ME5000 distance meter available in Spain. Since the application of the ISO17123-4 full procedure did not suffice to come to a definite conclusion about possible displacements of the pillars, we opted for the traditional geodetic network approach. This approach had to be adapted to the case at hand in order to deal with problems such as the geometric weakness inherent to calibration baselines and scale uncertainty derived from both the use of different instruments and the high correlation between the meteorological correction and scale determination. Additionally, the so-called the maximum number of stable points method was also tested. In this contribution it is described the process followed to assess the stability of the UPV submillimetric calibration baseline during the period of time from 2012 to 2015.


Existing power control methods for sensor networks mainly focus on static sensor networks,and may not be suitable for dynamical sensor networks.In this paper,to guarantee that all sensors in the network can send data simultaneously when sensors join or leave the network dynamically,a power control method is proposed for dynamical sensor networks,which makes the signal to interference plus noise ratio(SINR) of each sensor above a threshold.The cases of gradually joining,simultaneously joining,gradually leaving and simultaneously leaving are considered.Simulation results coincide with the theoretical ones and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed power control method.


The molecular analysis of insect hormone biosynthesis has long been hampered by the minute size of the endocrine glands producing them. Expressed sequence tags from the corpora allata of the cockroach Diploptera punctata yielded a new cytochrome P450, CYP15A1. Its full-length cDNA encoded a 493-aa protein that has only 34% amino acid identity with CYP4C7, a terpenoid ω-hydroxylase previously cloned from this tissue. Heterologous expression of the cDNA in Escherichia coli produced >300 nmol of CYP15A1 per liter of culture. After purification, its catalytic activity was reconstituted by using phospholipids and house fly P450 reductase. CYP15A1 metabolizes methyl (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6-dodecatrienoate (methyl farnesoate) to methyl (2E,6E)-(10R)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6-dodecadienoate [juvenile hormone III, JH III] with a turnover of 3–5 nmol/min/nmol P450. The enzyme produces JH III with a ratio of ≈98:2 in favor of the natural (10R)-epoxide enantiomer. This result is in contrast to other insect P450s, such as CYP6A1, that epoxidize methyl farnesoate with lower regio- and stereoselectivity. RT-PCR experiments show that the CYP15A1 gene is expressed selectively in the corpora allata of D. punctata, at the time of maximal JH production by the glands. We thus report the cloning and functional expression of a gene involved in an insect-specific step of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. Heterologously expressed CYP15A1 from D. punctata or its ortholog from economically important species may be useful in the design and screening of selective insect control agents.


Preventive Drought Management Measures (PDMMs) aim to reduce the chance of droughts and minimize drought-associated damages. Selecting PDMMs is not a trivial task, and it can be asserted that actual contributions to drought alleviation still need to be adequately researched. This study evaluates the effects of three potential PDMMs, namely, rainwater harvesting ponds, forest conservation, and check dams, on agricultural and hydrological drought severity. The Soil Water Assessment Tool is used for hydrological modeling and representing PDMMs. The threshold level method is applied to analyze droughts and evaluate the impact of PDMMs on drought severity. Findings show that rainwater harvesting ponds applied on agricultural land reduce the severity of agricultural droughts and hydrological droughts, particularly during the first months of the drought events observed in the rainy season. Results also reveal that forest conservation contributes to reducing the severity of hydrological droughts by up to 90%. Finally, check dams and ponds in upstream subbasins considerably reduce agricultural and hydrological drought severity in the areas where the structures are applied; however, they exacerbate drought severity downstream. The analysis was developed in the Torola River Basin (El Salvador) for the period spanning 2004 to 2018.


It is studied an almost exponential consequences of golomorphic functions in convex domain. We consider the series on systems of such functions. It is described a space of coefficientss consequences of these series.


A numerical control system (1) and a numerical control machine tool. The numerical control system (1) comprises a memory (10) and an MCU (11) capable of performing read and write operations on the memory, the MCU (11) comprising a data buffer area (111) and the memory (10) comprising an internal memory (101) and a flash memory (102), wherein the internal memory (101) is used for storing data and programs required when the MCU (11) operates; and the flash memory (102) comprises at least one of an SD card memory (1021) and an eMMC memory (1022), and a fixedly built-in NAND-Flash memory (1023), wherein the NAND-Flash memory (1023) is used for storing a system file of the numerical control system (1), and the SD card memory (1021) and the eMMC memory (1022) are both used for storing the system file of the numerical control system (1) and user data, and can ensure that the numerical control system (1) is used in the absence of an external SD card memory.


A non-linear finite element analysis is presented to predict the lateral response of a concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) pile subjected to cyclic loading. The computer program C F T P I L E was developed as a part of this study. The pile is modeled as a beam element on a non-linear soil medium, which is able to resist compression only. Information on the soil-pile interaction and the stress-strain relationships for concrete and steel is required in order to calculate the response of the pile. The soil-pile interaction is assumed to follow a P-y curve proposed by Yan and Byrne. The formation of gaps between pile and soil is taken into account in the analysis. Tomii and Sakino's confined concrete model is adopted to determine the stress-strain relationship for the concrete inside steel tube. Steel is assumed to be elasto-perfectly plastic. Numerical examples are presented for a C F T and a Hollow section pile. Variability of pile capacity caused by the uncertainty in soil properties is investigated using the computer program R E L A N and a response surface involving six random variables. The cumulative distribution function for maximum pile capacity is calculated for cases with and without correlation between the soil variables.


IntroductionUnder normal conditions male reproduction in mammalsrequires four distinct components which have to interact in aconcerted fashion with female reproductive functions toguarantee successful procreation:•sperm as the actual carrier of genetic information and as thefertilizing agent;•semen as the transport medium for sperm;•organs to transfer semen into the female genital tract;•male sexual behaviour.In addition to genetic, neuronal and vascular integrity hormonesare essential for the regular function of the four components. Inparticular, the endocrine feedback-mechanism involvinghypothalamus, pituitary and testis is responsible for eachcomponent and their coordinated interplay. One hypothalamichormone, GnRH, is responsible for the release of twogonadotrophins, FSH and LH, and the exact role of the twogonadotrophins in male reproduction remains an enigma ofandrological research.Through mediation by specific receptors both gonadotro-phins act on the testis: LH on Leydig cells and FSH on Sertolicells, and it is unclear why the single hypothalamic signal istranslated into a dual pituitary signal controlling malereproductive functions. The early concept of regulation oftesticular function surmised that LH stimulates testosteroneproduction and FSH controls spermatogenesis (Greep, 1937).However, so far only one mammalian animal model could bediscovered where such a clear separation of the two functionsmay occur, i.e. the Djungarian hamster. In this seasonal breederFSH can induce full spermatogenesis and viable sperm(function 1 above) while testosterone appears to be requiredonly for functions 2–4 (Lerchl et al., 1993; Niklowitz et al.,1997). In most other mammals, in particular, in nonhuman andhuman primates the roles played by the two gonadotrophins inthe regulation of male reproductive functions appear to be muchmore closely interwoven. However, recent findings in geneti-cally manipulated mice have suggested that FSH may not berequired for spermatogenesis (e.g. Kumar et al., 1997; Dierichet al., 1998). Although extrapolating data from small laboratoryrodents to the humans has its limitations, these findings haveleft many clinicians in a quandary concerning the role of FSH inhuman spermatogenesis and its implications for diagnosis andtreatment of male hypogonadism and infertility.The purpose of this brief review is to summarize the currentknowledge about the role of FSH as distinct from that of LH andtestosterone in human male reproduction. Experimentalevidence from nonhuman primates as the most relevantanimal model is used to substantiate findings in humans.Since initiation of spermatogenesis may have differenthormonal requirements than maintenance of the process, thetwo situations are considered separately. Moreover, a distinc-tion between qualitatively and quantitatively normal sperma-togenesis will be drawn. The evidence cited for a role of FSHalone or LH/testosterone alone or for synergism of the twogonadotrophins is summarized in Tables 1 and 2.Role of FSH in the initiation of spermatogenesisPatients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism represent avaluable experimental model to study the role of gonado-trophins in spermatogenesis. Patients with secondaryhypogonadism due either to idiopathic hypogonadotrophichypogonadism (IHH) and Kallmann's syndrome or to hypo-pituitarism can be effectively treated with pulsatile GnRH or acombination of both gonadotrophins in order to inducespermatogenesis and achieve fertility (Whitcomb & Crowley,1990; Burgues et al., 1997; Bu¨chter et al., 1998). Under thesetreatments sperm appear in the ejaculate and sperm concentra-tions increase progressively. However, sperm concentrationsreach normal values in only few patients, although this is notnecessary for the induction of pregnancy, and the time requiredto achieve a pregnancy can be quite variable (Bu¨chter et al.,1998).Under clinical conditions it appears that both gonadotro-phins, either stimulated by GnRH or given directly, are requiredto achieve fertility in such patients while FSH alone or incombination with low-dose testosterone is not able to inducefertility (Schaison et al., 1993). This failure of FSH treatmentto induce spermatogenesis in hypogonadotrophic patientscontrasts with the observation of the fertile eunuch syndrome,


The equipments used for automatic painting line for automotive plastics outer parts were introduced,the selections of water washing,spraying house,air supplier,painting transport,waste water treatment,waste gas incinerator,fire protection system and etc.were presented.Based on experience,primary structure and characters of automatic painting line for automotive plastics outer parts were introduced.


Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a non-invasive and non-intrusive internal visualization tomographic modality which promising a better quantification by providing cross-sectional distribution information of any kind of multiphase flow. These studies aim to investigate the non-iterative and iterative image reconstruction for 16 channels of portable electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) through simulation work. Linear Back Projection (LBP) as a non-iterative algorithm was compared with the Landweber and generalized vector sampled pattern matching (GVSPM) iterative algorithm for four cases which are core flow, annular flow, stratified flow and two circles by evaluation of image error and image correlation. The results show Landweber algorithms produces lowest percentage error, close to phantom as higher correlation coefficient and acceptable elapsed time. Iterative image reconstruction will produce accurate results by eliminating the artifacts near actual object and enhance the capability of segmented ECT in multiphase flow identification.


The effects of six insecticides on selective toxicity and functional reponses of Menochilus sexmaculatus and Lipaphis erysimi were studied in this paper.The toxicity of Decis to the ladybirds was the highest with the lowest selective toxicity.The toxicity of Regant was the lowest with the highest selective toxicity.The functional responses were stimulated by Holling-Ⅱmodel and Holling-III model.The quest constant and the maximal predatory capacities of the ladybirds treated with six insecticides all decreased.It showed that sublethal doses of insecticides had significant effects on the predation and discovery rates of the ladybirds.The quest constant of the ladybirds treated with Decis was the lowest,with the longest han-dling time and the lowest maximal predatory capacities.It showed that Decis had the most significant effects on the predation of the ladybirds.


The mathematical equivalence of the time-independent Schrodinger equation and the Helmholtz equation is exploited to provide a novel means of studying universal conductance fluctuations in ballistic chaotic mesoscopic systems using a two-dimensional microwave-cavity. The classically chaotic ray trajectories within a suitably-shaped microwave cavity play a role analogous to that of the chaotic dynamics of non-interacting electron transport through a ballistic quantum dot in the absence of thermal fluctuations. The microwave cavity is coupled through two single-mode ports and the effect of non-ideal coupling between the ports and cavity is removed by a previously developed method based on the measured radiation impedance matrix. The Landauer-Buttiker formalism is applied to obtain the conductance of a corresponding mesoscopic quantum-dot device. We find good agreement for the probability density functions (PDFs) of the experimentally derived surrogate conductance, as well as its mean and variance, with the theoretical predictions of Brouwer and Beenakker. We also observe a linear relation between the quantum dephasing parameter and the cavity ohmic loss parameter.


In this paper, we investigate a two‐factor VIX model with infinite‐activity jumps, which is a more realistic way to reduce errors in pricing VIX derivatives, compared with Mencia and Sentana (2013), J Financ Econ, 108, 367–391. Our two‐factor model features central tendency, stochastic volatility and infinite‐activity pure jump Levy processes which include the variance gamma (VG) and the normal inverse Gaussian (NIG) processes as special cases. We find empirical evidence that the model with infinite‐activity jumps is superior to the models with finite‐activity jumps, particularly in pricing VIX options. As a result, infinite‐activity jumps should not be ignored in pricing VIX derivatives.


In this paper, wavelength division multiplexing and space division multiplexing (WDM-SDM) passive optical access network employing multi-core fiber (MCF) and self-homodyne detection is proposed. 4×56-Gb/s PDM-16QAM-OFDM transmission is realized over 10-km 7-core fiber with simplified digital signal processing.


This present work is to analyze the export strategies essential oils to U.S. market. Having local production destined for export mainly, consisting main customers are Brazil, Colombia, Germany and as the tariff code inside these two items is concentrated most Ecuadorian the export "The others citrus essential oils and essential oils except The others citrus fruits". Is essential to know the existing demand the product in the country north and quality of the oils offered from Ecuador, defining how the product came to market? A different form to leverage the benefits of plants, flowers and fruits are essential oils because they possess a great variety of uses inside the food, pharmaceutical, perfumery and aromatherapy. Ecuador is not found in list of leading supplier essential oils to the U.S. as worth mentioning that the domestic product it must compete with countries where essential oils have very good quality and lower prices…


Two additional flashover inspection criteria were established from a recent study on identifying routes to chaos in a compartment fire. There, phase space diagrams on fire temperatures and their time rates of change were analyzed. The proposal was applied to study whether flashover can be predicted by a two-layer zone model. Two popular zone models ASET and CFAST were se lected. Compartments of different sizes and fires with different heat release rates were considered. Transient values of the fire temperatures and their time deriva tives were studied. It is concluded that in addition to the current flashover crite ria based on gas temperature near to the ceiling, heat flux at the floor level and flames coming out of the openings, the rate of change of fire temperature should be inspected.


This paper analyses empirically the effect of judicial efficiency on bank credit contractual terms for the universe of Italian corporations borrowing from the banking sector. Exploiting within-country variation in the length of bankruptcy proceedings across different jurisdictions, the paper uses a spatial regression discontinuity design that compares credit conditions applied to firms located in municipalities on different sides of jurisdiction borders, controlling for bank characteristics. The results show that judicial efficiency is associated with a reduction in the cost of credit as well as with an increase in its availability for firms, in particular for those at high risk of default. Judicial efficiency increases leverage and investment for high risk firms. All these results suggest that the banking system tilts credit conditions in favor of safe firms as court inefficiency increases. Finally, court efficiency is also associated with a reduction in both the stock and the flow of Non Performing Loans.


This chapter draws together the insights that this book offers into the relationship between the family and civil society, underscoring the methodological and theoretical implications of this empirical work. The book argues that the role of the family in civil society has been largely overlooked in the social sciences, with the two domains often being presented as completely separate and, in some cases, as oppositional to one another. The goal is to empirically investigate the extent to which family relationships and connections can help in understanding civic and political engagement. The chapter then revisits the initial research questions outlined in the first chapter and reflects on how the book has contributed to knowledge on intergenerational relations, the domestic division of labour, and the public–private binary in relation to civil society engagement. It also identifies remaining gaps in the understanding of this area, and sketches out some future directions in this field.


Using the method of literature review and logical reasoning etc,the author not only analyzed the income of market development in Beijing Olympic games and the achievement of protecting Olympic Intellectual property in China,but also investigated the revelation of protecting knowledge property of the future holding large-scale activity.


In 1968 I was close to completing a four-year stint with the United States Marine Band. Having decided to enter a graduate film program once my military obligation had ended, I embarked on a journey around the country looking at possibilities. One of my stops was The Ohio State University, where I was to meet Dr. Don Staples for the first time. He was a faculty member there, and I remember being impressed with his positive attitude and enthusiasm, in addition to his wide-ranging background in both film production and cinema studies. I started my graduate work and academic career at Temple University the following year, while Don moved on to New York University. Ultimately we would join up on the same faculty at the University of North Texas when I moved there in 1990.1 remember how helpful and forthcoming Don was upon our arrival in Denton, and we remained colleagues through his retirement in 2004. We continue to talk on a regular basis, and I was pleased indeed to be asked to participate in this well-deserved encomium. Don Edward Staples was born in Brooklyn, New York and raised in Nashville, Tennessee; He served as an officer in the U.S. Navy from 1955-57. He has a B.S. from Northwestern University, an M.A. from the University of Southern California, and a Ph.D. from Northwestern University. Don has many years of experience as a director and actor in films, television commercials, and radio, and he is a member of the Screen Actors Guild and the American Federation of Radio and Television Artists. He has established a distinguished record as a teacher, administrator, and scholar, publishing no less than four books and numerous articles in addition to many other significant professional accomplishments. Don Staples taught film production at Southern Illinois University from 1963-1965 before moving on to Ohio State. In 1969 he took a position at New York University where he founded the doctoral program in Cinema Studies, teaching there until 1980. Don was hired as chair of the Department of Speech and Drama at the University of North Texas (then North Texas State) in 1979, and, during his time in that position, he established the Division of Radio, Television, and Film, moving it forward as only Don knows how-in dramatic fashion. During his career at UNT he maintained a distinguished record of service to the department, the college, and the university far beyond the call of duty. Among his accomplishments was the founding of NTTV, the department's television channel, mounting a successful effort to increase the power of its FM radio station to 100,000 watts, and countless other achievements that benefited both faculty and students. His tenure as chair ended in 1986, with Don continuing to teach until his retirement in 2004, when the Donald Staples Scholarship was established, to be awarded each year to a deserving graduate student in the RTVF department. He now holds the title Professor Emeritus. Don has been president of both the Society for Cinema Studies (now the Society for Cinema and Media Studies - SCMS) and the University Film Association (now the University Film and Video Association - UFVA). Over the years Don has also been very active as a member of CILECT, Centre International de Liaison des Ecoles de Cinema et de Television, the principle organization of film and television schools worldwide. He has been vice-president of the group, continues to attend its meetings, and actively encourages colleagues to participate. What follows are comments from Don's colleagues, former students, and friends submitted especially for this tribute. Comments from Don Staples on Two of His Areas of Research: John Huston and Me My rusty old LST 988 steamed into Tobago Bay one morning in the spring of 1957. It is said that John Huston jumped up from his breakfast table and exclaimed, "They told me that all of those WWII LSTs had been junked and were out of commission!" Two weeks later the USS Mineral County returned, having been loaned by the Navy Department to Twentieth Century-Fox for Heaven Knows, Mr. …


In this work we have studied the classical integer cutting stock problem, which consists of cutting a set of available bars in stock in order to produce ordered smaller items in such a way as to optimise a given objective function (e.g., minimising costs, waste, etc.). We have studied the cases in which the quantities of bars are limited or not and the demand is high or low. Some heuristic methods are given in order to obtain an integer solution, which can be classified as constructive or residual. These heuristics are empirically analysed, i.e., by solving a set of randomly generated instances. The analysis showed that residual heuristics are much more superior than constructive ones. In particular, a new proposed residual heuristic obtained better results than the others. An important by-product from the empirical analysis contradicts the idea that specialists believe in terms of cutting and packing, for which the constructive heuristics should be used if one is faced with low demand problems. The residual heuristics, based on a linear optimisation approach, are clearly superior. Another topic briefly investigated in this work is the reduction of the number of cutting patterns (i.e., set up minimisation). We analysed only a recent heuristic for this kind of problem. It was possible to conclude that the heuristic works well, however only in some instances, where the items are much smaller than the bars in stock.


A capacitance scaling method is used to calibrate standard capacitors. This is a very powerful technique that was introduced by Aoki and Yokoi in 1997 [1]. Reference [1] describes the general method and provides a detailed uncertainty analysis. Aoki and Yokoi developed a calibration procedure based on [1] but this reference is insufficient for duplication of the measurement system and implementation of the calibration procedure.


The invention is installed in the parking prohibited area, the IP network to collect an image of the area is set the camera; A network for transmitting the compressed image data collected by the camera to the management server; A video restoring portion for restoring the image from the video compression bitstream of the network camera, transmitted via the network; When a series of a certain frame image is transmitted from the restored video decompression unit, summing image pre-processing unit for generating a combined image by performing aebeoriji algorithm; And edge detector for the combined image sent from the summed image pre-processing unit, and the edge emphasis filter-processed a combined image, generating an edge image by detecting more than a predetermined threshold value the edge; Edge image storage section for storing the edge image detected by the edge detection unit for a period of time; And vehicle edge detector for comparison to the edge image transferred from the image storage unit; consists of, in as monitor the parking or stopping vehicles which illegal the parking prohibited area separate parking violation monitoring agent quickly, without having to accurately illegally It can automatically detect the parking.


The focus of this paper is on machine learning. More specifically, a classifier combination is proposed. We name it "cascade classifier". Conceptually, this system is based on confusion analysis and local retraining mechanism. We describe its architecture. Experiments with handwritten digit images of the MNIST ("modified NIST") database are presented.


Ammonium is the main nitrogen resources for scleractinian coral-Symbiodiniaceae symbiotic association, and there is urgent need to investigate the involvement of ammonium assimilation in the heat acclimation of the symbiotic association to heat stress. In the present study, symbiont density and chlorophyll content, as well as redox and ammonium assimilation enzyme activities, in two symbiotic partners of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis were firstly investigated after acute heat stress (32°C). Symbiont density and chlorophyll content decreased significantly at 24 h (1.81 × 106 cell cm–2, p < 0.05) and 36 h (23.25 pg cell–1, p < 0.05) after heat stress, respectively. We observed significant activity increases of coral nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, and symbiont superoxide dismutase after heat stress, but no alterations in the activities of symbiont nitric oxide synthase and catalase during the whole experiment period. The activities of coral glutamine synthetase and glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase began to increase significantly at 24 h, and reached the peak at 36 h after heat stress. As for coral glutamate dehydrogenase activity, a significant increase was observed only at 36 h after heat stress. The activities of symbiont glutamine synthetase and glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase did not change significantly after heat stress. Secondly, symbiont density, chlorophyll content, apoptosis rate, coral total antioxidant capacity, and caspase3 activation level were determined after glufosinate (glutamine synthetase inhibitor) treatment. Symbiont density decreased significantly at 6 h (1.25 × 106 cell cm–2, p < 0.05) after glufosinate treatment, and symbiont chlorophyll content also decreased significantly during 12–24 h after glufosinate treatment, with the lowest level at 12 h (16.69 pg cell–1, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the coral total antioxidant capacity and caspase3 activation level both increased significantly at 12 h (0.57 U mg–1, 2.08-fold, p < 0.05) after glufosinate treatment, while no significant change was observed for the symbiont apoptosis rate. These results suggest that the ammonium assimilation activity in the coral host P. damicornis, not its symbiont, was induced by acute heat stress, which might contribute to the acclimatization of the symbiotic association to high temperature through regulating coral antioxidant capacity and apoptosis.


In this work the author shows how through the receipt of the Ius commune and the work of
the glosadores and postglosadores and because of the work of the Italian and French Universities,
a common substrate concept and purpose of arbitration was developed. Manifestation
of that trend are The Torrellas Arbitral awards of 1304 which resolve the succession dispute
among heirs of Alfonso X El Sabio in Castilla, and the occupation of Aragon of the Kingdom
of Murcia.


Peng proposed an efficient multi-secret sharing scheme based on general access structure in 2006. In his scheme, not only the shares held by the participants are reusable, but also the shares distributed by the dealer and the shadow shares provided by participants are verifiable. The security of Peng's scheme was analyzed and two attacking methods were proposed. It demonstrates that both of the share-authenticating and shadow-secret-authenticating methods are insecure. Using our attacks, a dishonest dealer can distribute fake shares to participants, and malicious participants can easily forge fake shadow shares, so the honest participants will be cheated. At last, improvement was made to avoid those attacks.


What does it mean to be a truly philosophical philosopher of religion today? The paper proposes that the thinker of faith should pursue the following passions: (1) a passion for wonder and epistemic openness; (2) the desire for a rationality that exceeds narrow-minded hyper-rationalism; (3) an ecological pathos i.e. loving the Earth; (4) a passion for self-development; and (5) thinking and participating in ethical political-economic transformation, a revolutionary passion. And so, today's truly philosophical philosopher of religion would pursue a cognitively rigorous, engaged, and experientially adventurous venture in thinking. WhAT doEs iT mEAn To bE A Truly philosophicAl philosophEr of rEligion TodAy? The following offering is an introductory unfolding of this dense and daunting question. To consider each of these terms – "today," "truly," "philosophical/philosopher," "religion" – separately would probably present no formidable challenge, but to begin tracing their composite meanings is indeed challenging. A challenge, and, as i hope to show, an opening, an opening-up of possibilities, risks, and opportunities when it comes to being a truly philosophical philosopher of religion today. To begin with, "religion" in its broadest sense has to do with beliefs and practices associated with divinities. but what does it mean to be a philosopher of religion, to philosophize about religion? in order to broach this preliminary question, we must first consider the meaning of philosophy. What, then, is philosophy? let us begin etymologically: filo-sofia is a friend/love(r) of wisdom. before immediately asking the critical question "What is wisdom?" we note from the etymological description that forum philosophicum, pp. 39-58 40 mArk mAnolopoulos philosophy and wisdom are not strictly identical: wisdom is what philosophy seeks; wisdom is philosophy's object of desire. What is the nature of this difference? Perhaps we can propose that philosophy is reflective and theoretical, while "wisdom" intimates more involvement and interactivity, more immersion in life, perhaps even a thoughtful praxis, a philosophy that is practiced, a practical philosophy. but we should not over-state the difference: if/when philosophy is a love(r) of wisdom, this might also imply that philosophy is wisdom's love(r), so we are warranted to assume some kind of overlap or intertwining (like lovers do). perhaps, then, the perplexing relation between wisdom and its lover may be figured in terms of passion: maybe philosophy becomes truer (to itself, to the world) when it draws nearer to the passionate thinking that is wisdom; maybe the more passionately we philosophize, the wiser our philosophizing may be. but why the term "passion"? As i hope to show as i proceed, it is eminently suitable as a driving concept when unpacking the meanings of "philosophy" and "philosophy of religion," considering the attraction and affection that characterize the relation between wisdom and its lover, as well as reflecting the related notion that a philosophy drawing nearer to wisdom is one which is engaged and involved. next, one can perceive a certain correspondence between "passionate" and one of our pivotal words, "truly," for the latter's basic resonance here is affective/emotive – akin to its signification in the wonderful movie title, Truly, Madly, Deeply (1990). furthermore, i propose that truly philosophical thinking is passionate about the following things (though not just the following things): wondering and cognitive openness; ever-evolving rationality; bodiliness and the Earth; self-development and ethical politics; and otherness and relation. let us consider this series of inter-penetrating passions in relation to philosophy and the philosopher of religion, thus allowing us to glean what it means to be one who loves to truly think belief in divinity today. A pAssion for opEnnEss We have begun unfolding what philosophy is, but we should also consider philosophy's beginnings in order to better understand it and assess it today. how, then, does philosophy arise? With wonder. Wonder is a response – an evocation, a provocation – to creation's breathtaking expanse, awesome power, and innumerable abysses. We are surprised and awed by a spectacular universe even in the face of an ostensibly tedious and challenging everydayness that routinely consumes and even bores us (after all, immersion 41 TodAy's Truly philosophicAl philosophEr of rEligion in the mundane often obscures its extraordinariness). in turn, bewilderment provokes thinking. The greeks recognized the pivotal place of wonder when it comes to thinking philosophically: plato's socrates proclaimed: "wondering: this is where philosophy begins and nowhere else" and Aristotle remarked that "owing to wonder" we "first began to philosophize."1 now, marveling is not "just" the beginning of thinking, for amazement calls and recalls us to philosophical attunement; hence, we supplement the greeks' remarks by construing wonder not "just" as philosophy's origin but also as an abiding partner – something which heidegger was acutely aware of when he declared that "Astonishment carries and pervades philosophy."2 perhaps it would only be slightly hyperbolic to suggest that when one stops wondering, one stops thinking philosophically. passionate wondering and a love of wisdom are thus intertwined (like lovers). Their inextricable coupling is exemplified by that wonderful proto-philosophical question "Why is there something rather than nothing?" (first expressed that way by Leibniz), a question that can never grow old or tiresome for the passionate thinker. such an abyssal question is provoked by Existence which excites, eludes, and exceeds human thought and scientific mastery, arousing epistemic humility and open-mindedness. How so? A question like "Why is there something?" continues to baffle us: science itself (whose scientistic guise is like a religion for many) cannot authoritatively answer it, as witnessed by the fact that there are competing scientific theories ("big bang" versus "steady-state") – and even if the "big bang" remains the "dominant" scientific hypothesis, it only exacerbates our perplexity, for it impels us to ask what (if anything) "caused" the big bang. in the midst of such bewilderment, the passionate thinker is right to consider additional and alternative causal possibilities, including divine involvement in the eventuation of what-is. since wonder-fueled philosophy faces big Questions that both summon and exceed thinking, stimulating and overwhelming our minds, we should remain humble and open to various possible answers – scientific and otherwise. For passionate thinking must not be confused with fundamentalistic fervor of any persuasion, religious or irreligious. Epistemic humility and cognitive openness thus open up a space for considering the divine as perhaps somehow being involved in creation – the "perhaps" signaling that today's truly philosophical phi1 plato, Theatetus in Complete Works (indianapolis: hackett publishing, 1997), 173; Aristotle, Metaphysics in The Complete Works of Aristotle (princeton: princeton university press, 1984), 1554. 2 martin heidegger, What is Metaphysics (new haven: college & university press, 1955), 6. 42 mArk mAnolopoulos losopher of religion never forgets that divinity remains a possibility until such time – if any – of a self-evident divine self-disclosure. And yes: "possibility" should here be understood in a "strong" sense – not to the extent where it may be raised above actuality (á la Aristotle and heidegger) but certainly where it is not inferior to it (i.e. the possible construed as the strictly hypothetical): possibility is instead considered actuality's counterpart; furthermore, some possibilities are actualities that have not been or cannot be verified as such (for the time being) – such as divinity, perhaps. Of course, it is anticipated that the figuration of the divine as a possibility will offend a number of thinkers of religion – and certainly many believers. however, when considered carefully, the depiction of divinity as a possibility actually opens up the space for faith: by definition, belief is faith in X, not knowledge of X. if there is deity, then only deity (and perhaps other celestial beings, if there are any) knows it; as for us – one can only believe, or not believe, or maybe agnostically suspend belief. A recognition of divine possibility and the knowledge that faith is not knowledge is – should be – therefore a defining trait of today's truly philosophical philosopher of religion. such an open-minded philosopher of religion recognizes that faith – true, courageous faith – arises in the midst of an ineradicable undecidability.3 A passionate embrace of a critical openness and the resulting recognition of uncertainty thus assists today's truly philosophical philosopher of religion in resisting the lure of certainty. And the same goes for today's atheistic philosopher of religion, for atheism is also a faith. Today's passionate thinking thereby vehemently rejects excessively empiricistic logics that arrogantly assert the human as the "The measure of All Things" – "All Things" being construed by the narrow-minded as only those things that are observable, excluding elusive but valid possibilities that arise out of creation's multiple abysses (such as deity, if there is any).4 And so, the various dogmatisms that plague the Earth today – religious and otherwise – should have no place in passionate thinking today; they should have no place in the truly philosophical, for 3 refer to, e.g. John d. caputo, The Prayers and Tears of Jacques Derrida: Religion Without Religion (bloomington: indian university press, 1999), robyn horner, Rethinking God as Gift: Marion, Derrida, and the Limits of Phenomenology (new york: fordham university press, 2001), mark manolopoulos, "When marion's Theology seeks certainty," Journal for Cultural and Religious Theo


Dear readers, when you are hunting the new book collection to read this day, discovering common ground how future search conferences bring people together to achieve breakthrough innovation empowerment shared vision and collaborative action can be your referred book. Yeah, even many books are offered, this book can steal the reader heart so much. The content and theme of this book really will touch your heart. You can find more and more experience and knowledge how the life is undergone.


Abstract An understanding of the radiation-induced effects in groundwater is essential to evaluate the safe geological disposal of spent fuel. In groundwater, the bicarbonate ion is the predominant and common anion; this work investigated radiation-induced chemical reactions of (bi)carbonate aqueous solutions with steady-state irradiation and pulse radiolysis methods. Aqueous solutions of sodium (bi)carbonate as high as 50 mmol·dm-3 were used. The formation of formate, oxalate, and H2O2 were measured under different conditions. A complete set of reaction steps and reliable kinetic data for the radiolysis of (bi)carbonate aqueous solutions at ionic strength close to the groundwater were proposed. Kinetic calculations were completed based on the proposed reaction steps and the kinetic data obtained in the present work. The results from the calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results. With these proposed reaction steps and kinetic data, computer simulation can be performed to predict the yield of radiolytic products of (bi)carbonate aqueous solutions as a function of irradiation time and used to evaluate the safety of geological disposal options of spent fuel.


There is a common historical stereotype about the women of Punjab that they hardly think for themselves. They are seen to be ignorant and mostly far away from the landscape of creativity, literatur...


We propose a new model selection criterion, the Neyman-Pearson criterion (NPC), for asymmetric binary classification problems such as cancer diagnosis, where the two types of classification errors have vastly different priorities. The NPC is a general prediction-based criterion that works for most classification methods including logistic regression, support vector machines, and random forests. We study the theoretical model selection properties of the NPC for nonparametric plug-in methods. Simulation studies show that the NPC outperforms the classical prediction-based criterion that minimizes the overall classification error under various asymmetric classification scenarios. A real data case study of breast cancer suggests that the NPC is a practical criterion that leads to the discovery of novel gene markers with both high sensitivity and specificity for breast cancer diagnosis. The NPC is available in an R package NPcriterion.


The practice and experience of being an editor,a multiple role combining physician,teacher and researcher,are introduced.It is believed that the editorial work is far more than a simple and enclosed word processing work.An editor should have an open mind,a positive enterprising spirit and a down-to-earth work style.Moreover,an editor needs constant learning,and plays the editor's role from multi-dimensions by using everything.The multiple identity of an editor not only affects the editorial work,but also makes the work more colorful,exciting and challenging.


Establishing and preserving a high level of software quality is a not a trivial task, although the benefits of succeeding with this task has been proven profitable and advantageous. An approach to ...


The invention provides a superaltitude quick installation method of large-diameter glass fiber reinforced plastic pipes. The superaltitude quick installation method is used for above 100m high-altitude installation of glass fiber reinforced plastic pipes having the diameter greater than or equal to 2.5m. The superaltitude quick installation method comprises the following steps of a, fabricating a falsework, b, prefabricating a telescopic reducer pipe, c, prefabricating a high-altitude assembling moving platform, d, assembling the large-diameter glass fiber reinforced plastic pipe on the ground and e, hoisting the large-diameter glass fiber reinforced plastic pipes and butting the pipes at a high altitude. The superaltitude quick installation method of the large-diameter glass fiber reinforced plastic pipes has the advantages that due to the adoption of the large-diameter glass fiber reinforced plastic pipe assembling falsework, the problem of pipe shaking during assembling on the ground and the problem that the large-diameter glass fiber reinforced plastic pipes are damaged due to friction with the ground in the hoisting process are solved, the moving platform is capable of ensuring the safety of the operating personnel, improving the working efficiency and guaranteeing the quality of construction, and the moving platform can be reused so that the engineering cost is reduced.


to platelet ration index) presented the higher specificity (99.61%), predictive positive value (PPV) (85.71%), positive likelihood ratio (PLR) (62.5), and accuracy (0.93). FIB4 was the second test in terms of accuracy (0.9) and PLR (10.53). Udelsman et al. 11 , in contrast, evaluated liver biopsies of 2465 obese patients and reported that the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) performed best in screening out advanced fibrosis, with a sensitivity of 85% and an NPV of 99%.


Over the past several decades nurses have demonstrated their commitment to the generation of knowledge which will improve both the long-term survival and the quality of life for people with cancer. As the medical specialty of oncology emerged in the 1950's, nurses became involved in the management of biomedical research. Their efforts were directed toward maintaining the integrity of the research design, given the constraints of the clinical setting, and to recruiting patients in an ethically sensitive manner. The psychosocial support provided by these research nurses to patients enrolled in particularly toxic therapeutic trials has probably reduced problems with attrition and subsequent evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of different treatment regimens.
 The past decade has seen the development among nurses of another type of commitment to the scientific enterprise with the emergence of cancer nursing research. Clinicians and academics have identified priorities within this field of research (Oberst, 1978), and are generating an increasingly impressive body of literature (Grant and Padilla, 1983). Scientific inquiry in cancer nursing has tended to focus on the interactions between physical/biological processes and psychosocial responses and adaptations (Benoliel, 1983).


Coronary artery anomalies (CAA) are congenital changes in their origin, course and/or structure. Most of them are discovered as incidental findings during coronary angiographic studies or autopsies. A vessel is considered superdominant when it supplies the myocardium normally perfused by the other vessel. The occurrence of a superdominant left circumflex (LCx) artery supplying the territory of the right coronary artery (RCA) is extremely rare. We present the case of a 64-year-old woman complaining of stable angina at moderate efforts, with a positive treadmill test, referred to angiography, which incidentally revealed a very rare and interesting coronary anomaly circulation pattern.


Hillslope soil moisture content in a typical Karst territory of Huanjiang County,Guangxi Autonomous Region was observed and gauged from four layers(0~5cm,5~10cm,10~15cm and 15~20cm)under five different land use types.Results show that in Karst Areas,soil moisture content is very much influenced by precipitation,with conspicuous moisture difference between rainy and drought seasons.Shrubbery has the capacity to enhance soil water conservation by a factor of a litter.At the incipient stage of eco-restoration,soil moisture under chestnut and pigeon pea is very much alike,being similar to that of bare soil.When under creeping vegetation,slope soil moisture condition improves at a factor equal to that of grassland.Comparison of soil moisture content in the different layers under the five land use types for three different seasons—rainy season,rain-drought transition season and drought season show superiority of shrubbery over the other vegetations in their capacity to conserve and distribute water in the soil layers.Therefore,in the Karst mountain area of Huanjiang County,it is possible to improve soil moisture condition by rational land use,especially through ecological restoration.


The probabilities a', a" andβof intrinsic, extrinsic and twin stacking faults were measured respectively based on previous determination of Deff, ρ, M, Re and
E/V of samples A, B, C[1]. The stacking fault energy γ and true subgrain size D0
were also obtained.


Aiming at the shortage of traditional method of measuring power frequency parameters of overhead transmission lines,measurement of power frequency parameters by non power frequency is put forward.This paper introduces the principle and advantage of the measurement.It is an example of measuring power frequency parameters with non power frequency presented to validate the availability of the measurement.Finally,the problems needed being pay attention to in actual measurement are proposed.


Objective:To investigate the factors affecting the curative effect of recombinant mutant human tumor necrosis factor(rmhTNF) on patients with malignant pleural effusion caused by advanced lung cancer.Methods:The data of 198 patients were reviewed.Patients were assigned into two groups.One was treated with 5 million IU(low dose),another with 15 million IU rmhTNF(high dose).The clinical efficacy of rmhTNF was analyzed with test and the prognostic factors of patients were calculated by multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis.Results:In 198 patients treated with rmhTNF,the number of patients with complete response(CR)was 53,the number of patients with partial response(PR)was 95,the response rate being 74.7%.Age and Karnofsky Performance Score(KPS)of patients,location and quantity of malignant pleural effusion,dose of rmhTNF and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were associated with the clinical efficacy of rmhTNF.Dose of rmhTNF,KPS and quantity of malignant pleural effusion were selected as prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis.Conclusion:In treating malignant pleural effusion caused by advanced lung cancer,dose of rmhTNF,KPS and quantity of pleural effusion are independent prognostic factors.The patients(KPS60,treated with high dose rmhTNF and low quantity of pleural effusion)present fine clinical effect.


Gravitational waves have been detected from the inspiral of a binary neutron-star, GW170817, which allowed constraints to be placed on the neutron star equation of state. The equation of state can be further constrained if gravitational waves from a post-merger remnant are detected. Post-merger waveforms are currently generated by numerical-relativity simulations, which are computationally expensive. Here we introduce a hierarchical model trained on numerical-relativity simulations, which can generate reliable post-merger spectra in a fraction of a second. Our spectra have mean fitting factors of 0.95, which compares to fitting factors of 0.76 and 0.85 between different numerical-relativity codes that simulate the same physical system. This method is the first step towards generating large template banks of spectra for use in post-merger detection and parameter estimation.


Electrospray thrusters work by extracting ions or charged droplets directly from a liquid surface using an electrostatic field and accelerating them in that field to produce thrust. This method could lead to more efficient and precise thrusters for space propulsion applications. The propellant liquid is generally placed at the tip of a needle to enhance the electrostatic field. The electrospray process limits the thrust from a single emitter needle. To get into the millinewton range will require an array with thousands of emitters. Batch microfabrication is well suited to making such an array.We have designed and built a prototype thruster that consists of two silicon parts (Figure 1) made using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and SF6 plasma etching. The thruster base holds the electrospray emitters. Its surface is treated to control the areas where propellant can go. The extractor produces the electric field, which generates the electrospray. It is equipped with slits to allow the accelerated particles through. The two parts are positioned relative to each other using a kinematic mount, in which alumina balls rest in holes on the silicon dies (Figure 1). Alumina screws hold the assembly together.In this design, we have replaced the needles that are typically used in electrospray thrusters by ridge emitters: vertical slabs with sharp tips spaced along their length (Figure 2). We have shown that our process for needles [1] can be extended to ridge shapes, and a modeling effort is underway to better control the shapes of the emitters.Our thruster has been fired with the ionic liquid EMI-BF4. This experiment shows successful electrical insulation, even in the presence of the liquid. Challenges we now face are reducing the amount of emission that is intercepted by the extractor and determining where on the ridges the emission is coming from.