2013 Urban Youth, India Towards a Youth Agenda in Policy and Practice / Padma Prakash 2 3 Towards a Youth Agenda in Policy and Practice across the country. An IMF paper [Aiyar and Mody 2012] has pointed to the huge demographic advantage of some of the poorer, heavily populated states in the country. In 19912001 the high growth states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Gujarat had a dependency ratio of 8.7, much lower than that of the Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. In the coming decade, however, it is these latter states that will reap the demographic dividend. Finally, it appears, the long promised population advantage is being realised.


Six model compounds of hydrocarbon polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) with different neighboring pendants have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The effect of the neighboring pendant on the proton dissociation properties of the PEMs and on the chemical stability of the key adjacent bond containing a sulfonic group was evaluated. Results of the proton dissociation properties of the six model compounds indicate that the introduction of a strong electron-withdrawing group, such as CF, CF2, or CN, on the neighboring pendant of the acid group can improve the proton dissociation properties of PEMs. The calculated pKa values confirm the relative acid strength of the six model compounds, whose properties are, to some extent, related to the proton conductivity. Our results demonstrate that a model compound containing a strong electron-withdrawing group in the neighboring pendant has stronger acid strength. DFT calculations on the C–S bond degradation reactions caused by OH or H radicals show...


The present study proposes a design method for a single-input single-output dual-rate control system, in which the sampling interval of the plant output is twice the hold interval of the control input. In such a dual-rate control system, intersample ripples might occur even if the discrete-time response converges to a reference input because the control input can be updated between sampling intervals. The present study proposes a new design method for eliminating the intersample ripples without changing a pre-designed discrete-time response. In the proposed method, a pre-designed control law is extended using redundant input in the dual-rate control system, and the intersample response is enhanced independent of the discrete-time response.


Abstract This paper presents two experiments in which steering a lane-change manoeuvre is analysed as a precognitive control task. The suggestion that the dependence on instantaneous visual feedback is low during such a task was tested by analysing steering performance under conditions both with and without visual occlusion. Steering force served as the main independent variable in experiment I, which was performed in a fixed-base driving simulator. A 1 s visual occlusion period during the initial steering-wheel movement to the left was given every other manoeuvre. The results indicate that steering force reduces steering-wheel amplitude variability, this effect also being reflected in the maximum heading angle variability. Steering-wheel angle amplitude was the main independent variable in experiment II, which was carried out in the instrumented car. In this experiment the duration of the occlusion period was 3 s, i.e. covering the complete pull-out phase of the manoeuvre. The results show that variabili...


This research wants to know reaction market of stock splits on the Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX). New information is "the basic need" for investor or traders on the stock market, because they use it this information in their investment decision making. Research on stock splits has frequently been undertaken. The results vary, but fundamentally can be classifield into two
groups. First, the stock split is purely "cosmetic". Second, the stock split has a
real effect on stocks. The difference between opinions raises controversy.
This research examines thirty seven companies which did stock splits in Jakarta Stock Exchange during January 2001 to September 2005. This research explored the issue by applying two methods of analysis : the event study methodology for analyzing the market reactions, and the analysis of statistical differences caused by the event. Overall, the result of this research show that market reaction during the period surrounding stock split. The finding of this research indicate that abnormal returns are negative and significant. Besides that, this research founds a significant difference cumulative average abnormal return, low rasio group have high cumulative average abnormal return than high rasio group. This research recommend that the company consider exercising a stock split in order to bring its stock price into a more popular trading range.


Eight species of earthworms are recorded here from Markazi province, Iran. All of the species represent new records for the region.


Foreword abstract: In this Presentation of the Forum "Norm and Action. One hundred years since the birth of Georg Henrik von Wright" the Editors revisit the origins of von Wright's book Norm and Action, starting from his first research on deontic logic published in 1951: notably, they underline how von Wright's awareness of the fundamental problem of the very possibility of a logic of norms – a logic of non-truth-functional entities – gradually emerged in his works. In the second part of the Presentation, the Editors highlight the original and stimulating contribution more generally given by Norm and Action to the philosophy of norms through the analysis of the "field of meaning" of the word 'norm'.


At present porcelain and glass insulators are used for overhead power lines in Sri Lanka. Salt contamination on insulators of coastal lines assists leakage currents to passing over the insulator surface and cause insulator flashing over. Frequent power outages due to flashing over of insulators on overhead power lines are common in coastal areas and it reduces the reliability of the power system considerably. It has been observed that this problem is very severe in costal lines in dry zone of Sri Lanka especially in Puttalam, Mannar and Jaffna areas. Partial blackout caused by flashing over of insulators on 220kV transmission line running closer to the sea and across the Kalpitiya lagoon from Norochcholai coal plant to Veyangoda switching station shows the severity of this problem. Therefore it is timely requirement to review the insulator selection criteria for overhead power lines to find out mitigation measures against the flashing over of insulators due to marine pollution. This paper describes the mechanism of flashing over of insulators due to marine pollution and highlights the limitations of the presently following electrical standards for insulator selection based on field measurements and maintenance experience. It is emphasized that the most successful method that can be employed to determine the ideal insulator out of insulators made of different materials and of different shapes is to verify their performance by conducting long term field measurements at the exact environment. Apart from that the existing practices applied on distribution network to minimize insulator flashing over is evaluated technically and financially in order to identify the best solution. Application of new technology such as adaptation of polymeric insulators, insulator coating materials and applicable online insulator washing techniques are also investigated. The importance of type test reports named as artificial pollution tests to understand the pollution immunity of insulators is also discussed. The value of establishing insulator field testing stations in problematic areas is strongly recommended and the test techniques applicable in field evaluation of insulator performance are briefly explained. ENGINEER, Vol. 47, No. 02, pp. 57-73, 2014


1. TRADITIONS OF KNOWLEDGE: INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND THE WESTERN MUSIC SCHOOL 2. MUSIC AND HISTORICAL ENCOUNTER: INUIT COMMUNITIES 3. MUSIC AND HISTORICAL ENCOUNTER: THE WABENAKI AND OTHER EASTERN ALGONQUIAN NATIONS 4. MUSIC AND HISTORICAL ENCOUNTER: HAUDENOSAUNEE MUSIC CULTURE WITH OCCASIONAL REFERENCES TO CHEROKEE TRADITIONS 5. CONTEMPORARY INTER-TRIBAL AND CROSS-CULTURAL NATIVE AMERICAN MUSIC


Cloud computing is undoubtedly one of the most prominent and fastest growing distributed computing paradigm It enables virtualized software, platforms, computation and storage to be promptly provisioned, scaled and released instantaneously. Supported applications involve fields such as high-energy physics, astronomy, bioinformatics, structural biology, seismology, which are complex areas with tasks that need to be organized and processed as scientific workflows. In order to routinely allocate and deal with the execution of dependent tasks on connected resources, workflow scheduling should consider various criteria, such as minimizing cost and maximizing resource use while still meeting the user-specified overall deadlines.This paper aims to implement workflow scheduling using combined chaotic Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) heuristic to optimize the scheduling efficiency by (a) specifying a model for task-resource allocation to reduce the overall energy consumption using the Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) technique; and (b) developing a heuristic that uses combined chaotic PSO to solve task resource allocation based on the proposed model. Our approach is simulated and validated using a complex workflow application.


A study of high‐altitude, nonequilibrium flows about an Orion Command Module (CM) is conducted using the collision‐based chemical kinetics approach introduced by Bird in 2008. DSMC simulations are performed for Earth entry flow conditions and show significant differences in molecular dissociation in the shock layer from those obtained using traditional temperature‐based procedures with an attendant reduction in the surface heat flux. Reaction rates derived from equilibrium simulations are also presented for selected reactions relevant to entry flow kinetics, and comparisons to various experimental and theoretical results are presented.


SUMMARY A statistic is proposed for the comparison of ordered sequences of objects when the aim is to slot together the sequences. An algorithm is suggested for attempting to find the best pairwise fit. A fair number of problems in the earth and life sciences can be regarded in terms of comparing ordered sequences of objects. Some of these problems involve the direct matching of identical objects; for example, the objects could be the amino acids in a protein sequence. Ways of approaching this problem have been proposed by Needleman & Wunsch (1970), Gibbs & MacIntyre (1970), and Sackin (1971). In many situations, however, objects in one sequence cannot be identified with objects in the other sequence, but merely resemble them to a greater or lesser degree. For example, in pollen stratigraphical analyses, objects in one sequence would correspond to different levels within cores, at each level of which there was a count of the number of pollen grains of different types. In botanical studies along transects, the objects would correspond to the different locations at which we took measurements. These examples have in common the measurement of the values of certain attributes at specified values of a single variable: 'time-depth' in stratigraphy and 'distance' along transect. In both of the examples above, it is of interest to know which area of the other sequence each object resembles, and also to consider the overall resemblances of the different sequences. We assume that we can define a measure of similarity between all pairs of objects. An object in one sequence fits satisfactorily between a pair of objects in the other sequence if its similarity with both of them is satisfactorily high. We seek to slot the sequences together, as shown, for example, in Table 1, so that we have satisfactory local fits, subject to the overall constraints imposed by the orderings.


Thunderstorm-related delays dominate the overall U.S. airspace delay statistics and continue to increase (Figure 1), even though a number of new weather information systems and air traffic management (ATM) decision support tools have been deployed since 1999. The FAA is also concerned that anticipated increases in air traffic will result in much worse convective weather season delays by 2014 (Hughes, 2006).


Problems,possibly occurring in the vacuum heat treatment procedure of blade production,including under temperature caused by equipment breakdown,insufficient holding time and low cooling speed,were simulated.The influence of restoration heat-treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of directionally solidified superalloy DZ125 was studied.The results show that the restoration heat treatment can be applied for the blade production when the above-mentioned problems happen.


Guiding arriving flights through congested terminal airspace has always been a challenge. As traffic builds up, controllers must often move traffic away from the airport until they can bring those flights in for landing, causing inefficiencies. A widespread implementation of Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) would result in significant reductions in environmental impact and airline operating costs, however, a significant barrier to system wide CDA implementation is the difficulty to merge and space flights so that the CDA is flown safely. The en route metering essentially allows flights to absorb any necessary arrival delays en route, with transition to the terminal area in a pre-planned sequence. When delays would be imposed, the priority of landing would be based on the calculated time of arrival for each flight at the last metering fix, using a First-Come-First-Served policy. The spacing between successive arriving flights needs to be sufficient to allow for other flights downstream to merge into the overall flow while maintaining the minimum required separation according to the applicable rules. This work describes the fundamental design of a decision-support tool and procedures for CDA in the Sao Paulo Terminal Radar Approach Control (SP-TRACON) with flight spacing based on Required Time of Arrival (RTA) at a metering fix. A linear programming model was used to establish required time of arrival at TRACON entry points to provide adequate separation on final approach following the Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs). For this purpose, typical actual traffic data approaching to airports in the SP-TRACON were used to apply the sequence model and evaluate the potential benefits on throughput and delays for Sao Paulo - Guarulhos airport. Using the ATFM methodology developed in this work, the general delays applied to the traffics of the two selected days were 53.5% and 55.1% lower than the delays observed with ATFM measures used by air traffic controllers. For the peak hours considered, the methodology provided 25.5% and 30.1% delay reduction. The air traffic controllers role in the process and workload reduction is also discussed.


The appearance of a novel coronavirus (nCoV-2019) is a pandemic threat which has been declared an international public health emergency The number of infected people went out from China to other countries has increased since the discovery of the virus in late December 2019, and the epidemiological picture has changed daily The nCoV-2019 belongs to Genera Beta coronavirus which also contains SARS and MERS i e (Middle East respiratory syndrome) According to the National Institute of Health (NIH), the first case reported in Pakistan was on 26 February 2020 and till 22 May 2020, the total number of confirmed cases in Pakistan are 52,013 with 16,012 recoveries and 1087 deaths No medicine or vaccine for human coronaviruses has, sadly, yet been approved However, it can take months to years to create new approaches Other strategies for managing or preventing emerging nCoV-2019 infections can be envisaged including vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, oligonucleotide- treatment, peptides, interferon treatment and medication with low molecular weight molecules In the face of the severity of the nCoV-2019 outbreak, we concentrate on the potential for recycling existing licensed or evolving antiviral agents for control of infections that are caused by different viruses especially influenza viruses i e SARS and MERS Therefore, it is urgently important to identify appropriate antiviral agents to combat the outbreak of nCoV-19


Arthur Ransome's Swallows and Amazons (1930) is, for many adults who remember reading it in their youth, an iconic representation of childhood freedom. This article examines how adult responses to Swallows and Amazons, both the novel and the 2016 BBC film adaption, reflect the way in which memories of childhood are conflated with contemporary concerns that children no longer have access to open air adventures. Peter Hunt's observation that Ransome's books might have "reached the stage where adult nostalgia is taking over from children's enthusiasm" poses interesting questions about the film-makers' motivation in bringing a new version of the novel to the screen (122).The high production values, beautiful scenery and attention to period detail signal a film designed to appeal to adult viewers. The script, too, speaks to adults in a way that the book does not. In an early scene, for example, the children's mother observes "I'm so glad they can come up here and do all the things I took for granted. They're cooped up inside too much at home, it's not good for them," voicing a parental concern that seems designed to chime with an adult audience. On the other hand, the decision to embed a new spy adventure into the narrative suggests a fear that modern children might find the original narrative a little dull. The film operates on a dual level, as an exciting story for children, and as a safely nostalgic revival of a lost age for adults. This adult audience may remember reading Swallows and Amazons as children, but, even if they did not, may still associate its name with a certain idyllic image of children at liberty to roam free within the landscape. For most adult fans, however, the film, and indeed the book, are not recreating a memory of their lived experience but rather a memory of reading and imagining in an entanglement of remembrance with nostalgia.


With the aim of integrating the inherent chirality of ligand and the chirality induced by conformational twists of the asymmetric skeleton of the ligand upon its coordination, (1R,3S)-1,2,2-trimethyl-3-{[5-(2-hydroxy)phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]}cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (H2L) was prepared from the acylation reaction of chiral camphoric acid with salicylhydrazide. The reactions of H2L with transition metal ions gave five coordination polymers {[Co(L)(py)2]·DMF}n (1), {[Ni(L)(py)2]·DMF}n (2), [Cu(L)(py)]n (3), [Zn2(L)2(py)2]n (4), and [Cd2(L)2(py)2]n (5). Complexes 1 and 2 show only right-handed helical chains with homochiral helical discrimination by interhelical nonclassic hydrogen bonds C–H···O. However, 3–5 contain right-handed and left-handed helical chains simultaneously, which are arranged alternately and interact with each other by π···π interactions for 3 and by interchain M–O–M linkage for 4 and 5, respectively. The chiralities of these compounds derive from the inherent chirality of the ligand...


Perivascular adipose tissue is a part of blood vessel wall, regulating endovascular homeostasis, endothelial and smooth muscle cells functioning. Under physiological conditions, perivascular tissue provides beneficial anticontractile effect, though undergoes structural and functional changes in obesity, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus type2.Collected data suggest the possible key role of perivascular adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Perivascular tissue has been determined as an independent cardiovascular risk factor, regardless of visceral obesity. General mechanisms include a local low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, paracrine and metabolic alterations. Properties of perivascular adipose tissue depend on the certain type of adipocytes it contains. Brown adipocytes are well known for their metabolic preferences, however it has been shown recently that brown perivascular tissue can contribute to dyslipidemia under some conditions.  The aim of this review is to discuss the current literature understanding of perivascular adipose tissue specifics, changes in its activity, secretory and genetic profilein a course of the most common non-infectious diseases development, as well as molecular mechanisms of its functioning. We also discuss perspectives of target interventions using metabolic pathways and genes of perivascular tissue, for the effective prevention of obesity, diabetes mellitus type2 and cardiovascular diseases.


This paper describes a novel motion simulator for the lower extremities of human in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment. This motion simulator provides a wearer with physical supports to move their lower extremities or physical constrains as well as floor reactive force on bottoms of their feet during gait-like motion in an MRI room so that brain activities could be simultaneously measured. An MRI is one of the most powerful tools to measure activities in any part of brain but a device attached on a subject is limited because the material used for the device should be nonmagnetic. This paper shows the compatibility of the motion simulator that consists of Mckibben-type pneumatic artificial muscles and nonmagnetic materials. Also this paper shows the performance of the floor-reactive-force generator mounted on the soles of the motion simulator.


We propose a nonequilibrium Green's function approach to study the spin-Hall effect in a two-dimensional electron system with both the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings. By taking into account the long-range electron-impurity scattering, the derived kinetic equations are solved numerically. It is found the vanishing of the total zero-temperature dissipationless spin-Hall effect, contributing from the intrinsic and disorder-mediated processes. This result has been examined in the wide ranges of spin-orbit coupling constants and electron density.


Algebraic expressions for the governing equations of motion are developed to describe a spinning spacecraft with flexible appendages. Two limiting cases are investigated: appendages that are self-restoring and appendages that require spacecraft motion to restore. Solar panels have sufficient root stiffness to self-restore perturbations. Radial wire antennae have little intrinsic root stiffness and require centripetal acceleration from spacecraft rotations to restore perturbations. External forces applied for attitude corrections can displace spacecraft appendages from their steady-state position. The Radiation Belt Storm Probe (RBSP) satellite is used as an example to explore numerical results for several maneuvers.


In this study, we investigated the basic mechanical properties of indium–tin–oxide (ITO) films on polymer substrates which are exposed to externally inducing bending force. By using the Storney formula including the triple layer structure and bulge tests for measuring the conductive changes of patterned ITO islands as a function of bending curvature, the mechanical stability of ITO films on polymer substrates was intensively investigated. Numerical analyses and experimental results show that externally induced mechanical stress in the films depends on substrate material and its thickness, respectively. Therefore, an organic buffer layer was employed to improve the mechanical stability of ITO films, and then, the effects of the buffer layer were quantified in terms of conductivity–strain variations. As a result, it is found that a buffer layer is also a critical factor for determining the magnitude of mechanical stress and that the layer with Young's modulus lower than the specified value can contribute to relieving the mechanical stress of the films.


This paper gives a dynamic retieval algorithm of the optimal binary sort tree. Its peformance is better than the binary sort tree and the balanced binary tree. It overcomes the defect of constructing the optimal binary sort tree using the binary search search algorithm.It will not affect the retrieval performance of the optimal binary sort tree, because the tree will not regress when we insert nodes into it using this algorithm.


In the present paper, a simple model to predict the corrosion rate of steel bars in concrete is developed, considering the influence of the porosity of steel-concrete interfacial zone. Firstly, a model for the porosity of the interfacial zone is developed basing on the water-cement ratio gradient in the interfacial zone. Then the relationship between the porosity of the interfacial zone and the corrosion parameters of the steel bar in concrete is discussed, the anode-cathode ratio for the electrochemical corrosion process, the chloride threshold value and the resistivity of concrete are determined by the porosity of steel-concrete interfacial zone. The corrosion rate of steel bars, which is taken as the corrosion current density, is calculated by considering the cathodic concentration polarization of oxygen diffusion and resistance polarization of concrete, basing on the determined parameters above. Finally, the applicability and efficiency of the corrosion rate prediction model is verified by experiments.


Extant research on family purchase behavior has focused almost exclusively on heterosexual couples. This exploratory study of non-traditional households shows that lesbian couples are strongly egalitarian in decision behavior for a wide range of products and services. Perceptions about relative influence of each partner in these dyads are increasingly congruent as the decision process progresses. Findings demonstrate the inapplicability of two concepts long associated with family research, that is, power and relative resource theory, in lesbian couples. Instead, gender dynamics and equity play dominant roles in these relationships.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Without making wild claims to instant fortune, the revised edition of this guide helps serious investors earn higher profit through patience and discipline (PAD). The rules of the PAD strategy show investors how to buy when stocks are cheap, sell when they are dear, and select stocks that will outperform the market principles which will work in both bull and bear markets. Using many examples from the post-Crash era, the author details how to acquire good growth stocks at reasonable prices and how to ensure a large portfolio against a market collapse like the 1987 Crash. The second edition makes recommendations on discount brokers, market orders, margin buying and stopless orders, evaluates the effects of fiscal and monetary policies on the economy and stock market, discusses the Japanese challenge to American high technology firms, and explains in non-technical terms the problems with their random walk theory.


The issue of spatial segregation, especially inasmuch as it involves ethnic and racial groups, has generated a tremendous amount of controversy. It has also spurred numerous studies across many social science disciplines. Geographers have long been involved in both measuring and explaining segregation. This makes sense considering that segregation is a primarily spatial phenomenon that often examines how specifically defined groups come to occupy distinct places. Non-geographers have also examined segregation, with many of them asking essentially geographic questions. For these reasons, we feel that it is appropriate to survey the status of current research in the field of segregation. This progress report is the second of three dealing with segregation research in geography and related disciplines. We separate our overview into three broad sectors: (1) the factors that produce segregation, discussed in Kaplan and Woodhouse (2004); (2) the measurement, categorization, and meanings of segregation, outlined in this current progress report; (3) and the consequences of segregation, which will be discussed in the third and last report next year. While these themes can and do overlap, we feel this is the best way to organize the current literature. What emerges most out of the current set of readings is the extent to which segregation is a contingent phenomenon. The meaning of segregation is dictated by the types of individuals, the political and social milieu, and the history of the region. Each country carries its own freight in regard to race, ethnicity, nationalism, and social status. All of these define how segregation is categorized, measured, and evaluated. We attempt to accomplish a few things in structuring this progress report. Our first goal is to observe how segregation is measured. Many years ago, Duncan and Duncan (1955) derived an index of dissimilarity as a way to empirically measure segregation, rather than relying on naive conceptions. Since then, the tools of measurement have become more sophisticated and many segregation studies now report on a variety of measures. Geographic Information Systems have furthered our ability to understand segregation patterns and render possible analyses that would have been extraordinarily labor intensive just a few years ago. Our second goal is to examine how segregation can be categorized, according to the groups involved as well as the patterns and processes of


Photonic crystals manipulate photons in a manner analogous to solid-state crystals, and are composed of a dielectric material with a periodic refractive index distribution. In particular, two-dimensional photonic-crystal slabs with high index contrasts (semiconductor/air) are promising for practical applications, owing to the strong optical confinement in simple, thin planar structures. This paper presents the recent progress on a silicon photonic-crystal slab as a technology platform in the terahertz-wave region, which is located between the radio and light wave regions (0.1–10 THz). Extremely low-loss (<0.1 dB/cm) terahertz waveguides based on the photonic-bandgap effect as well as dynamic control and modulation of a terahertz-wave transmission in a photonic-crystal slab by the effective interaction between photoexcited carriers and the terahertz-wave trapping due to the photonic band-edge effect are demonstrated. Terahertz photonic-crystal slabs hold the potential for developing ultralow-loss, compact terahertz components and integrated devices used in applications including wireless communication, spectroscopic sensing, and imaging.


Moral responsibility emerges in choice situations where the choice has wideranging consequences and not only the decision maker but also other parties are affected by the outcome of the choice. In this paper I will refer to such situations as complex choice situations. The purpose of this paper is to present a normative but realistic model of responsible choice. The model is normative in the sense that it prescribes the way a morally responsible decision maker should behave in complex choice situations. However, the model is intended to be realistic in the sense that it does not require anything from the decision maker that would be contrary to the psychology of human choice behaviour. The basic fault of the rational choice model is its lack of psychological realism. Rational decision makers should maximize their utility functions under perfect information. This is a highly unrealistic requirement for human beings. By more than 50 years of research Herbert A. Simon has demonstrated that real-world decision makers are not capable of maximizing their utility functions, partly because of their strongly bounded computing capacities, partly because of the strictly limited information they usually have. Real-world decision makers are only capable of making satisficing choices (Simon, 1979). Daniel Kahneman's recent research shows that decision makers are unable to foresee the real experienced utility of their chosen decision alternatives. For this reason their choices are not rational for most cases (Kahneman, 1994).


As any case of alleged medical malpractice, whether in a civil or criminal proceeding, cannot be resolved without involving the expert witness who assists the police, office of public prosecution or the court to rule on merits, the authorsaim to identify the most significant questionable and incorrect practices of expert witnesses based on the review of 11 years dataset (2008–2019) consisting of 3098 expert opinions and expert testimonies in both criminal and civil proceedings in Slovakia. To the necessary extent, the legal frameworkfor expert witnesses in Slovakia is also presented. The authors also aim to focus on the significant findings of the dataset, such as the most frequent specialities in which alleged malpractice occurred, which are surgery, emergency medicine, anaesthesiology and intensive care, gynaecology and obstetrics, internal medicine, neurology and paediatrics. The publication is also aimed at the most frequent incorrect or questionable practices of expert witnesses, such as ex-post case analysis, questionable practice related to the obtaining ofmedical records, improper use of consultants by the expert witness, misinterpretation of the autopsy records and autopsy diagnoses and the deficiencies in the processing the case file by the expert witness. The authors focused on important findings from the dataset, such as the specializations where the alleged medical malpractice most frequently occur-red, i.e. surgery, emergency medicine, anesthesiology and intensive care, gynaecology and obstetrics, internal medicine, neurology and paediatrics. The publication deals with the most common erroneous or questionable expertpractices, such as ex-post analysis of the case, questionable practice related to obtaining medical records, inappropriate selection of consultants by an expert, misinterpretation of documentation from post-mortem examinations and de-ficiencies in the preparation of an opinion based on the case file by a court expert.


This research is aimed to find out influence of mengkudu juice extraction as feed additive on vitamin C level, Malonedialdehide (MDA) level in broiler's blood and carcass quality which comprise abdominal fat percentage and broiler carcass percentage. This research used 20 day old chick (DOC) broilers divided into 4 groups Po (without mengkudu juice extraction), P1 (1% mengkudu juice extraction), P2 (2% mengkudu juice extraction), P3 (3% mengkudu juice extraction). Mengkudu juice extraction was given for 2 weeks. Result showed significant difference on abdominal fat percentage (p


The pressure losses occuring during filtering air purification from the dust waste arisen during machining of wood materials are subjected to the influence of the moisture contained in the air. The carried out laboratory tests with use of standard version of the polyester unwoven fabric KYS series PROGRESS and the other version of the same fabric with hydrophobic protection of working surface let us claim that the usage of silicone appret is plainly advantageous in conditions of air relative humidity 85%. This advantage manifests itself by general reduction of the resistances of air flow by about 2-5% and increasing of the regeneration ability of the hydrophobic unwoven fabric along with the filtration velocity.


Objective:To investigate the clinical value of serum cardiac troponin I(cTnI) in the diagnosis of cardiac injury in neonatal asphyxia.Methods:Newborn infants were divided into the control group ( n =20),the mild asphyxia group ( n =20) and the severe asphyxia group ( n =20) according to clinical diagnosis.Serum levels of cTnI in newborn infants were assayed with chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA).Results:①Serum levels of cTnI were obviously elevated in the newborn infants with asphyxia ( F =81 07, P 0 01).There were statistically significant differences between any two of the three groups (all P 0 01).②Serum levels of cTnI were significantly elevated in the four cases with heart failure in the severe asphyxia group,which were 4 18 μg/L ,5 40 μg/L,7 67 μg/L and 10 43 μg/L,respectively.The patient with cTnI of 10 43 ng/ml died.Conclusions:①cTnI can be a gold standard for the diagnosis of cardiac injury in neonates with asphyxia.②Significant elevation of cTnI may be helpful for the prognosis of the newborn infants with asphyxia complicated by heart failure.


To facilitate interpretation and consider the relationships of internal interdependency between data values, a new form of high-order (multiple-valued) pattern known as Nested High-Order Pattern (NHOP) is presented. This pattern satisfies a consistent statistical criterion when the pattern is iteratively extracted. The general form of High-Order Pattern (HOP), that NHOP is a subtype, is a set of multiple associated values (identified as variable outcomes) extracted from a random N-tuple. The pattern is detected by statistical testing if the occurrence is significantly deviated from the expected according to a prior model or null hypothesis. Here we extend our work of NHOP to classification and clustering tasks to identify a clearer description of the patterns. The rationale is that, complex association patterns reinforce the underlying meaningfulness in interpreting the regularity, thus can provide a better understanding of the classification and data domain. We develop a search strategy, called NHOP-Covering algorithm, to detect a set of NHOP. Experiments on benchmark machine learning data and real-world biomolecular data are evaluated with promising results.


OBJECTIVE
This study compared general anesthesia (GA), combined GA plus thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA), and TEA alone in patients scheduled for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

DESIGN
Prospective, nonrandomized clinical study

SETTING
University hospital.

PARTICIPANTS
Ninety consenting patients undergoing beating-heart coronary artery revascularization with comparable coronary status and left ventricular function.

INTERVENTIONS
GA (n=30) was conducted with propofol, remifentanil, and cisatracurium or combined with TEA (GA+TEA, n=30) or TEA as the sole anesthetic with ropivacaine plus sufentanil (TEA, n=30).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Groups were comparable regarding the surgical approaches and the number of anastomoses. Four patients (GA, n=2; GA+TEA, n=2) who required unplanned cardiopulmonary bypass, and 4 patients in the TEA group who underwent unexpected intubation because of pneumothorax (n=2), phrenic nerve palsy, or incomplete analgesia were excluded from further analysis. Intraoperative heart rate decreased significantly with both GA+TEA and TEA. None of the patients with TEA alone was admitted to the intensive care unit, they all were monitored on average for 6 hours postoperatively in the intermediate care unit and allowed to eat and drink as desired on admission. Postoperative pain scores were lower in both groups with TEA. There were no differences among groups in patients overall satisfaction.

CONCLUSION
Based on the authors data, all anesthetic techniques were equally safe from the clinicians standpoint. However, GA+TEA appeared to be most comprehensive, allowing for revascularization of any coronary artery, providing good hemodynamic stability and reliable postoperative pain relief. Nonetheless, the actual and potential risks of TEA during cardiac surgery should not be underestimated.


This article describes some characteristics of obtained dissimilar materials (titanium and aluminum alloys) lap welded joints using a modern friction stir welding technology. The microstructure and the element analysis of the cross-section of the lap welded joint specimens have been studied. Investigation of the specimen microstructure showed that a formation of welded joint has occurred mainly due to mechanical mixing of titanium and aluminum alloys. A tensile test showed insufficient strength due to suboptimal welding parameters.This article describes some characteristics of obtained dissimilar materials (titanium and aluminum alloys) lap welded joints using a modern friction stir welding technology. The microstructure and the element analysis of the cross-section of the lap welded joint specimens have been studied. Investigation of the specimen microstructure showed that a formation of welded joint has occurred mainly due to mechanical mixing of titanium and aluminum alloys. A tensile test showed insufficient strength due to suboptimal welding parameters.


We obtained and analyzed 26 solar flare events from C2.56 to X3.2 classes at Tay Nguyen University, Vietnam (12.56 ° N, 108.02 ° E) during May – December, 2013 using Very Low Frequency remote sensing to understand the responses of low-latitude D-region ionosphere during solar flares. The observed VLF amplitude perturbations are used as the input parameters for the simulated LWPC program, using Wait's model of lower ionosphere, to calculate two Wait's parameters: the reflection height, H' and the sharpness factor, b . Results reveal that when the X-ray irradiance increased, the b increased from 0.3 km -1 to 0.506 km -1 , while the H' decreased from 74 km to 60 km. The electron density increases at the height of 74 km with 1-3 orders of magnitude during solar flares . These phenomena can be explained that the ionization due to X-ray irradiance becomes greater than that due to cosmic rays and Lyman- a radiation, which increases the electron density profile. The changes rules of the Wait's parameters and electron density of D-region ionosphere of our results are in agreement with the studied results shown by other authors. The 3D representation of the electron density changes with altitude and time supports to fully understand the shape of the electron density changes due to X-ray flares. The shape variation of electron density is roughly followed to the variation of the amplitude perturbation and keeps this rule for the different altitude. We also found that the electron density versus the height in lower latitude D-region ionosphere increases more rapidly during solar flares.


Introduction: Tracheobronchial calcification (TBC), is a readily available potential biomarker in non-contrast chest CT scans, including cardiac calcium scan CTs. However, there is a paucity in lit...


Objective To study the efficacy and safety of transurethral laser vaporization in treating superficial bladder cancer.Methods A total of 120 cases of superficial bladder cancer patients were randomly divided into the observation group treated with transurethral laser vaporization and the control group treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT).The operation index,stress index and long-term prognosis were observed.Results In the observation group,the operation time was(72.21±8.42)min,bleeding volume was(43.73±4.79)mL,postoperative drainage volume was(11.93±1.43)mL,postoperative bed time was(1.87±0.23)d,BG level was(4.28±0.44)mmol/L,HAMA score was 15.41±1.76,HAMD score was 13.41±1.46,NRS score was 2.29±0.36,and the recurrence rate was 8.33%(5/60).All these indexes were significantly lower than those in the control group;Ins level was(13.31±1.56)U/mL,quality of life score was 85.12±8.91,KPS score was 86.84±9.34,which were higher than those in the control group.Conclusions Transurethral laser vaporization is clinically significant because it can reduce the operation wound,relieve stress,and improve long-term prognosi


At the nanometric range, the superparamagnetic state has become a crucial issue in fundamental research as well as practical applications. In both cases, technological improvements require understanding dynamical magnetization reversal processes at the nanosecond time scales. In this paper, we present the first magnetization reversal measurements performed on a single cobalt cluster (counting only 1000 spins) using the micro-SQUID technique by applying a constant magnetic field combined with a radio-frequency field pulse. First of all, we present the different technical steps necessary to detect the magnetic reversals at low temperature (<i>T</i>=35 mK) of a well-defined nanoparticle prepared by low-energy clusters beam deposition. We previously showed that the 3-D switching Stoner-Wohlfarth astroid represents the magnetic anisotropy of the nanoparticle. Then, an improved device, coupled with a gold stripe line, allow us to reverse such a macrospin using an RF pulse. A qualitative understanding of the magnetization reversal by nonlinear resonance has been obtained with the Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert equation.


Until the end of 1977, the method used in the U.S. consumer price index (CPI) to measure rent inflation tended to omit rent increases when units had a change of tenants or were vacant. Since such units typically had more rapid increases in rents than average units, this response bias biased inflation estimates downward. Beginning in 1978, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) implemented a series of methodological changes that reduced response bias but substantial bias remained until 1985. We set up a model of response bias, parameterize it, and test it using a BLS microdata set for rents. We conclude that from 1940 to 1985 the CPI inflation rate for rent most likely was understated by 1.4 percentage points annually in U.S. data. We construct an improved rental inflation series for 1940 to 2000; at the starting point in 1940, the revised index is 54 percent as large as the official CPI.


One patient with long-standing dermatitis herpetiformis associated with gastric hypochlorhydria and small-bowel mucosal atrophy is reported. After more than 40 years' duration of the skin disease she developed a malignant mesenteric lymphoma of the large bowel. As lymphoma is considered a complication in coeliac disease, this case strengthens the similarity between the enteropathy in dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease.


A single fiber hydrophone of non-interference type is constituted using polarization-maintaining fiber. Underwater sound irradiating the fiber changes the state of polarization of the output light from the fiber. By observing the output light through an analyzer, we have detected the sound pressure as a variation of the light intensity. Fast fading of the output signal does not occur and the measured minimum detectable sound pressure is 2×107 µPa, i.e., 146 dB re µPa for the fiber length of 1 m.


This project report, in six volumes, documents a system of computer programs oriented to the design of drainage components: culverts, storm drains, and open channels. The system includes an input generator to estimate design rain, hyetographs, design flow and hydrographs at user selected return periods. Programs are facilitated with semi-expert system shells that generate input data for engineering programs. All system elements fit into an open architecture that utilizes personal computers having hard disks, math coprocessors and operate within an MS-DOS environment. This volume, Volume IV, is a technical, user and program supplement to more extensive available documentation for CDS (Culvert Design and Analysis). It consists of three sections. The first section introduces CDS, describing its intent and providing a system overview. The second section investigates the technical and operational methods used by CDS to analyze a culvert. The final section provides user documentation, guiding the user through the steps required to design or review a culvert without detailed technical explanations.


Eight cases of extensive oromandibular resections have been reconstructed by the use of deltopectoral shoulder flaps with a segment denuded for deep placement. The operative technique is described, and the various uses of this flap are outlined. This technique has allowed us to extend the versatility of the deltopectoral flap, and to avoid the occurrence of the often annoying and occasionally dangerous orocutaneous fistula.


In this paper we propose a fundamental obstacle avoidance system for a humanoid with an alternative function of human eyes using the object recognition technique. The humanoid is to recognize an obstacle through the image taken by a small pinhole camera mounted on it so as to search for a possible route to walk along by avoiding any obstacles.


Research indicates an association between parents' disciplinary practices and their children's developmental outcomes. Research also suggests that disciplinary practices vary with demographic factors such as class, ethnicity, and gender. This article draws on the Douglas-Wildavsky grid-group theory to explain the association between demographic factors and disciplinary practices in microsocial terms. This theory links disparate sets of core beliefs and value priorities to contrasting conceptions of the family (including distinctive orientations toward parenting) and parental preferences for different disciplinary strategies. Studies by other researchers provide empirical support for these linkages. This grid-group theory application contributes to theory development through (a) bridging macroexplanations and microexplanations by showing how culture contributes to shaping parental practices, (b) distinguishing rival sets of core beliefs and value priorities that help researchers and practitioners understand parents, and (c) indicating ways for practitioners to apply these distinctions in family intervention.


The higher education is currently linked to the application of new technologies. But does this mean that the quality of the higher education depends on how we apply new technologies? Obviously, the professor has to deal with new challenges as the motivation of the students, innovation, contents, media, developments…. In this paper we analyze the perception that a group of fresher's has of the application of new technologies to their subject of Economics. In particular, the paper studies the use of a platform for evaluating their progress on the subject.


Objective: Studies are available from high-income countries exploring the prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients with cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Similar data are limited from low- and middle-income countries, particularly India. Data on how the quality of life (QOL) parameters are affected by common mental disorders (CMD) such as depression and anxiety are lacking. The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence of undiagnosed depression and anxiety in patients attending the arrhythmia clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Southern India and to look at their association with QOL. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 282 patients attending the arrhythmia clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Southern India. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the "Patient Health Questionnaire-9" scale and "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for Anxiety" scale, respectively. Patient demographics and potential risk factors were also assessed. Quality of life was assessed using the "Short Form Health Survey" questionnaire. Results: The proportion of patients with undiagnosed CMD (depression or anxiety or both) in our study was 45.74%. This included 32.98% with undiagnosed depression and 32.62% with undiagnosed anxiety. The presence of depression and anxiety are important determinants of quality of life. Presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or smoking is not significantly associated with a poor quality of life in our study. Conclusions: Depression and anxiety are important associations of a poor quality of life. They are commonly seen among those attending the outpatient arrhythmia clinic. Having a screening program for CMD may assist in early diagnosis and intervention in those attending arrhythmia clinics.


Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu Tampere University of Applied Sciences Degree Programme in Media FRANKÓ, RÓBERT: Tutorial Making as a Business Tutorials through the Lens of Photography Bachelor's thesis 64 pages, appendices 6 pages October 2016 As the Internet and online media have become reachable for the vast majority of the developing and developed countries, students have begun to use online teaching methods and online tutorials. The purpose of this study is to gain a certain level of insight into the basics of teaching, online teaching and tutorials to recognise how they supplement each other. The study also examines the monetary aspects of tutorials and online teaching and how their maintenance can become sustainable. To put tutorials in a context, the field of photography is chosen to simulate what threats and obstacles might occur when creating tutorials. After researching books, online databases, e-books, studies, and articles, a series of interviews was made to gather information on the tutorial end users' point of view. Among the interviewees, there was a teacher go also made clear statements on how tutorials influence the teaching methods and how they can be applied. It was found that tutorials are more complex than just creating a video and posting it online. Elements of online teaching have to be applied while considering a careful planning and execution procedure in order to gain success, followers and eventually financial benefits. There are different models to be implemented and especially in the field of photography costs have to be taken in consideration efficiently. The vast majority of the interview subjects stated that they use online tutorials daily simply for their fast reachability, simple language and visual guidance. Although purchasing online materials is not amongst their preferences, they claim that online tutorials might in many cases teach more effectively than teachers. From the teacher's interview it was found that teachers tend to use and create their own tutorials as additional materials to their teaching plan. The findings indicate that online teaching and tutorials are considered a usable source of information and are highly effective while learning a desired profession. Also tutorial makers have to consider analysing the development methods of online teaching in order to not only produce, but also benefit from the invested time and manpower.


University management is a kind of intellectual management.From the perspective of intellectual management,university management must take its own characteristics and rules into full consideration,establish a human-oriented idea of running university,systematically optimize the procedures and contents of university management from such aspects as systems and organizations,and bring the students and teachers' enthusiasm and creativity into full play.It must advance the innovation of management organizations and thus promote its service level and benefi ts.It must cultivate a cultural spirit of win-win cooperation so as to construct a positive environment for the scientifi c development of the university.


The economic law exists for overcoming the market discomposure and the means to overcome market discomposure is for the government to intervene in market economy for the need of the public interests. The standard attribute of social public interests in the Economic Law has, in turn, become an ultimate goal to solve the discomposure of the government intervention. The authors further analyses the problem of the adjustment target range in the Economic Law, and puts forward their view.


Strategies that allow for the articulation of a model to organize knowledge and signifi cant learning are being sought within the constructivist approach to classroom interaction. This paper is an attempt at developing such a model through three concurrent axes; namely, student, knowledge, and teacher, the student being the prevailing innovation in the triad. Organizing knowledge for education requires the extension, intensity, and productive blending of cognition areas that translate into meaningful and coordinated activities evolving from the simple to the complex. The teacher must integrate the model as a mentor, manager and academic leader, so that its participants assume the ethical commitment to promote an authentic community of learning. This tridimensional model addresses the cognitive capacity of the student and his desire to manage signifi cant information from a cognitional, emotional, social, and spiritual outlook. It requires a real and thorough restructuring of knowledge to provide it with actuality comprising both logical and psychological relevance and rigorous and scientifi c signifi cance. Committed to his academic calling, the teacher becomes the facilitator and manager of knowledge within an epistemological and sociopolitical context, bound by respect to the individual project of all participants. The explicit purpose of the model offered here is a methodology to redesign both undergraduate and graduate curricula so that genuine yearning for knowledge can be turned into individual and collective global projects within an effective and useful process of teaching and learning shared by a community of actors in constant interaction, as a new way of addressing education for the new millennium.


Image hash functions find extensive applications in content authentication, database search, and digital forensic. Robust image hash has been widely investigated to authenticate the reliability of images transmitted by a trustless channel. In this paper, we propose a novel image hashing algorithm which is robust to content-reserved and multiple manipulations. To achieve the perceptual robustness and sensitivity, the proposed scheme combines scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) with local binary pattern (LBP). SIFT extracts plenty of descriptors which are robust to geometric distortion and luminance transformation. LBP generates hash values that contain local information and are sensitive to content manipulation. We further investigate the performance of proposed scheme and other existing algorithms via statistical analysis of recognition rate, and the results show that our method outperforms conventional methods.


Lines of the CH molecule are identified in the spectrum of the Ap star 73 Dra. Their intensity varies with the same period as the magnetic variations. The CH lines are formed above the photospheric layers, and the temperature distribution in the atmosphere depends on the configuration of the magnetic field.


A bearing assembly (10) includes a split inner race (18) having a first (26) and second inner (28) race halves joined together at a split line. A plurality of center feed passages (36) are provided at the split line, and at least one radial pilot passage (38) is provided in one of the inner race halves and axially spaced from the center feed passages. A bifurcated distribution manifold (40) is disposed at the split line and includes a center distribution manifold (40a) disposed in flow communication with the center feed passages, and a pilot distribution manifold (40a,40b) disposed in flow communication with solely the pilot passage. The bifurcated distribution manifold (40) ensures the independent channeling of lubricating oil to both the center feed passages (36) and the pilot passage under centrifugal force upon rotation of the inner race (18).


CMOS image sensor has been widely used for ubiquitous devices. However, CMOS image sensor devices performance is dramatically influenced by process induced defects such as metallic impurities contamination at devices active region during CMOS devices process. Thus, it is extremely important to study metallic impurities influence on CMOS image sensor devices performance and to develop effectiveness metallic impurities gettering techniques. We introduce our new proximity gettering technique for advanced CMOS image sensor using carbon cluster ion implantation technique. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the carbon cluster ion implanted silicon wafer has high gettering capability of metal, oxygen and hydrogen impurity during CMOS image sensor devices fabrication process.


accidentally absorbed by children and domestic animals such as goats and sheep. The main method for controlling sandflies with insecticides are indoor residual spraying, but ZCL mainly infect people during activities in farms including irrigation and breeding so outer walls and animal accommodations. Outdoor spraying is not recommended from the environmental perspective. In fact, the rising incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis is mainly attributed to two key drivers. The disease is susceptible to changes that affect soil temperature and humidity, such as changes in climate, farm irrigation, and dam construction. In addition to providing ideal breeding conditions for both the insect vectors and the rodent reservoirs, developments in agriculture and water management practices support new and growing settlements, bringing non-immune populations into contact with the parasites and leading to outbreaks. Such issues should be addressed in order to control the disease. In order to effectively tackle the disease, a systemic, multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral approach is needed. The approach must recognize not only the complex set of interactions between humans, rodent reservoirs and insect vectors that cause the spread of the disease. It must also take into consideration the rapidly changing environmental and social context in which transmission occurs and put the affected communities at the heart of any interventions. ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of this work was to determine the eco-environmental factors and those related to living conditions which are linked to the disease transmission in order to support the development and implementation of strategies to prevent and control Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL). Materials and Methods: The population of three rural areas in Sidi Bouzid was followed up since 2009 to detect new human ZCL cases. In June 2013, we carried out a population-based survey, to collect household's characteristics and environment and farming activities. Investigation of risk factors was done using 2-stage regression analysis. Results: The household survey covered 2353 households and 12 414 people. 53.3% were male, and the median age was 27 years. Risk factors of ZCL were the presence of cracks in the walls, not whitewashed houses, non- screened windows, the proximity of the habitat to organic wastes disposal, the rodent reservoir focus, and irrigated areas. Age and the family size were also associated with the risk of contracting ZCL. Conclusions: Housing improvement, environmental management, mainly waste management to reduce breeding habitats of sandfly and reorganizing farming activities may help on fighting cutaneous leishmaniasis in the agricultural fields and rural communities. We conducted a population-based study using the Eco health approach to improve the understanding of the various interacting climatic, ecological, epidemiological, agricultural and socio-economic factors that cause ZCL as well as to investigate possible options for decreasing the vulnerability of local populations. The paper aimed to point out the eco-environmental factors and those related to living conditions, which are linked to the disease transmission in the study area. This study is important because to our knowledge it is the first in Tunisia to investigate risk factors of ZCL particularly in relation to households and environmental conditions. Moreover, the fact that until now biomedical research have not provided effective solutions to control the disease, the study of the impact of habitat quality and its environment would be very interesting and very useful for the development and implementation of strategies to prevent and control ZCL. The disease is still most frequent in the study area with an average annual incidence rate of ZCL of 3157 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Geographic distribution showed that most cases occurred in households located in or close to irrigated areas and Garaat Njila, the salt marsh of wild Chenopodiaceae plantation, which house Psammomys obesus reservoir. Our study pointed out that young people are exposed to contract ZCL more than others and increased individual household members expose to sand fly and hence the probability of receiving an infective bite. We also showed significant association between ZCL transmission and poor living conditions mainly the presence of cracks in the walls, houses not fitted with windows screens, not whitewashed houses and the location of the human settlements near reservoir and sand fly habitats such as Garaat Njila, irrigated area and animal wastes. It is well-known that ZCL affects mainly the poorest people in the community and is associated with population displacement, poor housing and lack of resources. [1,2,5] During the past 20 years, the disease has spread considerably due to migration and environmental changes such as deforestation, building of dams, irrigation schemes, urbanization and population displacement. [13] The Sidi Bouzid region is in a similar scheme as it has experienced the development of agricultural and water resources projects since the 1970s and new human settlement were located around irrigated perimeters. [8-12,14] Risk factors of leishmaniasis, in general, commonly include sex, age, malnutrition, precarious living conditions (e.g. household design, non-durable wall material, cracks in the walls, sleeping outside or on the ground as the sand flies usually feed at night while the host is asleep), household


George Ritzer's latest book is a continuation of his McDonaldisation thesis but this time he has cast his net wider to include a deep void which he claims is becoming increasingly evident within Western societies, namely a lack of definitive or authentic content in goods, services and relationships. By 'nothing' Ritzer means 'a social form that is generally centrally conceived, controlled, and comparatively devoid of distinctive substantive content' (3). Through the subsequent development of a number of dichotomies he demonstrates how 'nothing' is defined in opposition to 'something' and is always relative. He is at pains to point out that the dichotomies are heuristic devices and that social phenomena are always located on a continuum; that it's not an either/or situation. Ritzer is aware of the postmodern/poststructuralist critique of dichotomies but largely side-steps these debates. The initial chapters attempt to map nothing and something (Chapter 2) and develop the 'nullities'; non-people, non-things, non-places and non-services (Chapter 3). Chapters 2 and 3 are closely related and develop a series of dichotomies which form the basis of his thesis. Chapter 2 uses five indicators to develop the heuristic distinction between nothing and something. These dichotomies are unique/interchangeable, local/non-local, specific to a time/time-less, humanised/dehumanised, enchanted/disenchanted. A product or service is said to be on the 'nothing' side when it lacks local ties, is indistinguishable from other similar things, is not located in time, is dehumanised and lacks enchantment. Examples of nothing include Nike runners, microwave meals, and many of today's cars which are almost indistinguishable from one another. The role of advertising and marketing is to find an angle to make these products stand out from all the other products lacking in uniqueness. Ritzer uses two examples in this chapter worthy of discussion. First, he contrasts a piece of handmade pottery to its mass produced counterpart. For Ritzer, the handmade piece reflects the unique locality and culture and even the clay might be unique. The mass produced pottery is indistinguishable from pottery made by other companies, in other localities and is made for an anonymous market. While Ritzer uses this concrete example


(54) FLEXIBLE POLYMER WINDOW 4.404,258 A 9/1983 Loewrigkeit et al. 4,540,622 A 9, 1985 Brunion et al. (75) Inventors: Gary P. Roberts, Stillwater, MN (US); 4,594.385 A 6, 1986 Thoma et al. Patrick J. Hager, Woodbury, MN 4,799,346 A * 1/1989 Bolton et al. ................. 52.509 (US); Jeffrey R. Janssen, Woodbury, 4,973,511 A * 1 1/1990 Farmer et al. .............. 428,216 MN (US) 5,422,189 A * 6/1995 Warner et al. .............. 428,480 5,773,077 A 6/1998 Edmond (73) Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company, 6,258,918 B1 7/2001 Ho et al. St. Paul, MN (US) 6,313,335 B1 1 1/2001 Roberts et al. s 6,376,082 B1 4/2002 Edmond et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,383,644 B1* 5/2002 Fuchs ...................... 428/424.8 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 26 days. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS


An analysis of 47 hours of data, collected by the Gulmarg gamma-ray telescope during the period 27 September-30 October 1989, indicates the absence of a statistically significant DC signal from the X-ray binary pulsar, 4UO115+63, at photon energies >or=4 TeV. An independent search, carried out for a pulsed signal in the same database, using the well known Rayleigh power test, also does not yield evidence for any episodic, or persistent-pulsed, gamma-ray emission from the source. An upper limit of 2.33*10-11 photons cm-2 s-1 is placed at 99% confidence level on the steady gamma-ray flux from this transient X-ray binary system at photon energies >4 TeV.


The undesired classroom behavior of three moderately-retarded children was reduced through the use of differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior reinforcement schedules in which the delivery of a reinforcer (a bit of food or a token) was contingent on the nonoccurrence of the undesired behavior during a specified time interval. Leaving an assigned seat without permission, throwing objects, and hitting others was reduced in one participant, drooling (excessive salivation) was reduced in a second participant, and placing the hand(s) near the mouth was reduced in a third participant. These results are discussed in terms of the feasibility of using differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior reinforcement schedules to control undesired behavior within the classroom. Language: en


Tunnel drilling rig is widely used in coal mine gas drainage, hidden disaster detection and other construction. In view of the serious problem of thread wear when loading and unloading drill pipe thread of underground drilling rig in coal mine, a pure hydraulic control device is developed. By adjusting the corresponding angle parameters of the hydraulic control device, two actions of rotary feeding can be realized, and the thread can be loaded and unloaded automatically according to the thread pitch. The design of the device is completed, and the structure is applied to the improved design of ZDY750L and ZDY2-300LM drilling rigs. The matching control of feed and rotation of the two drilling rigs when loading and unloading the drill pipe is realized, which can reduce the wear of the drill pipe thread when the full hydraulic drilling rig is loading and unloading, and provides a new idea and solution for the implementation of the full hydraulic drilling rig automatic loading and unloading.


This paper presents and assesses a new approach to decision-making methods for the design of new reservoirs due in times of decreasing water resources. The methods used in this case are decision theory, Resilience and Robustness method. The methods have been selected primarily to analyze different design parameters of a new dam, mainly dam heights leading to different reservoir volumes. The study presents a novel approach to the optimal design of a multipurpose reservoir that would provide enough water for downstream environmental flow, residential and industrial water supply, agricultural water supply, and hydropower generation in the current conditions of climate uncertainty. Uncertainties are interpreted as possible future changes in the climate system using outputs from regional climatic models. In the case study, a simulation model was developed which is able to quantify long-term water balance and use this data to quantify resilience and robustness of its water supply. The simulation model was correlated to the GANetXL software in order to perform Genetic Algorithms based optimization of the reservoir's operation. The simulation–optimization model was then applied to a real-life case study in the Czech Republic, in the Morava River Basin where a new dam with the multipurpose reservoir is planned to be built in the future. The results obtained in this way were analyzed in detail to identify the overall best solution consist of dam height and the total reservoir monthly outflow and new operational rules for the analyzed multipurpose reservoir.


This paper reviews works on to examine the suitability of GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) bars as reinforcement in concrete structures. The problem of corrosion of ferrous steel rebars in concrete structures exposed to aggressive environments has been the main reason for looking at alternatives. In this investigation experimental studies will be conducted on flexure and shear critical beams reinforced with GFRP rebars having polyester and epoxy material. GFRP rebars have a smooth surface since they are pultruded, which affects its bond with the concrete. In this study its bond characteristics will be studied. Since the failure in tension of GFRP bars is brittle in nature, the beam section has to be designed to overcome the brittle failure of R.C. beams.


Photograph of the front and east side of a one-story brick house located at 910 E. Lamar in Palestine, Texas. It has Spanish Colonial Revival-style elements, including the use of stucco at the front entrance and the use of ceramic tile on the roof.


When compared to starters, relievers in Major League Baseball throw with greater velocity, strike out more opposing hitters, and concede a lower batting average, on-base percentage, and slugging percentage. By abandoning the traditional starting pitcher role and allowing each pitcher to throw more often but in shorter stints, teams can take advantage of this improved performance. First, I analyze pitcher velocity data and find that the pitchers who move from a starter role to a reliever role see a significant increase in fastball velocity. Next, I examine the pitch usage patterns of the two roles, and find that relievers are able to maintain a higher performance level with fewer pitch types. Further, while it is clear that a pitcher loses effectiveness each time he faces a hitter in a game, I identify contributing factors by analyzing pitch usage data and hitters' success rates off of different pitch types. Ultimately, I develop an optimization model and apply it to each 2013 MLB team to quantify the performance benefits of radically changing current pitcher usage roles. The model shows that the advantage in preventing runs is significant, and could be the difference in making or missing the playoffs for certain teams.


Abstract Hepatic detoxification capacities of three groups of infants aged about two were estimated using the [15N]methacetin elimination test, as well as standard serum parameters: Formerly hypotrophically born infants still too small for their age (n = 23) Patients suffering from severe liver diseases (n = 15) Patients without liver diseases (n = 14). 17 of the infants of group 1 showed 15N elimination rates as low as the rates of the liver-diseased patients of group 2. Compared to the infants of group 3, who had normal values, the findings reflect diminished hepatic monooxygenases activities in groups 1 and 2. On the other hand, the serum parameters of the infants of group 1 did not deviate from normal values estimated in group 3. Here only group 2 showed pathological values. Consequently, the [15N]methacetin test seems to be more sensitive in controlling hepatic parameters of growth retardations than the usual serum parameters used here. Further investigations have to answer the question to which prop...


Grounded in the philosophical assumptions associated with holistic education and transformative teacher development, this narrative inquiry is a collaborative self-study that explores how spiritual practices contribute to the creative process through the primary research question; How do I connect with my soul through spiritual practices?
Core themes emerging from this study include Intention, Identity, Intuition, Integration, Paradox, Voice, Embodied Teaching, Social Justice, and Death/Pain as Teacher. Its findings include the inextricably entangled nature of soul, authenticity, and creativity and demonstrates the imperative role spiritual practices play in spiralling back along the path through and beyond the layers we've built up, made up of false identities, fear, and perfectionism towards our own true essence—our souls in creating a more loving and unified way forward for all living things both inside and outside of the classroom.%%%%M.A.


Objective To study the pathological characteristics, CT and clinical appearances of communicans craniorbita tumors so as to improve understanding and diagnostic level of such tumors. Methods 15 cases with communicans craniorbital tumors were performed axial and coronal scan, with and without intravenous injection of contrast medium. Results Among the 15 cases, 7 cases originate from intraorbital tumors, the rest 8 cases originate from intracranial tumrs. Conclusion Due to the high contrast resolution of CT, such tumors can be showed clearly, which will improve the understanding and diagnostic level and provide a scientifie basis clinical treatment. [


In a scholarly paper contributed to Baessler-Archiv this year under the title "Frühgeschichtliche Orakelknochen aus China", the author, Fräulein Anna Bernhardi, has discussed various questions arising from the great find of inscribed bones in Honan Province, and has illustrated her paper partly from the Wirtz Collection of these objects now in the Royal Museum für Völkerkunde in Berlin, partly from specimens in other cabinets. Considerable space is devoted to the consideration of the genealogies which have been found on certain of these relics, and peculiarities of writing markedly noticeable in these strange records of descent have caused Fräulein Bernhardi to ask whether they do not perhaps point to an early dissyllabism in the Chinese language, and also whether they do not show traces of a genitival form. And in order that the pros and cons of these hypotheses may be more adequately grounded, she appeals to the owners of the various collections now scattered over different parts of the world carefully to test the specimens they possess.


Extreme hydro-meteorological phenomena lead annually to serious damage and losses in the coastal zone of Isla del Carmen, on the Gulf of Mexico. The importance of the risk assessment is the possibility of preventing or reducing those harmful effects. In this context, an integrated risk assessment approach is performed based on the source-pathway-receptor concept to assess the flooding risk in the area. The paper analyses the consequences on the dune ecosystem that extends longitudinally along the island; and the effects on the population, infrastructure and natural habitat located next to the beach. The results of the study will be used to define the zones with a higher level of risk and to propose flood risk mitigation measures. Moreover, the study will contribute to the establishment of specific legislation which supports the protection of the coastal dune.


Abstract This brief note aims to communicate, in simple terms, the "meaning" of the family of "Extended" Gini coefficients of inequality, in terms of the shares accruing to the agents in an elementary two-person cake-sharing problem. In the process, a natural notion of the "potential fairness" of a distribution, as well as the notion of "distribution sensitivity", are sought to be explicated in easily accessible terms.


A diode pumped Eu:YAG laser produced continuous wave 0.610 μm output. Blue GaN laser diodes pumped the 5D3 manifold. The laser operates between the 5D0 to 2F2 manifolds. Preliminary experiments produced ~ 2.0 μW.


The International Trade Union Confederation (ituc) complained about actions allegedly taken against eight individuals in Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China, who had acted in support of workers in dispute with their employers. These actions included alleged government interference with trade union rights by police intervention in industrial disputes, arrests and detentions in relation to labor disputes, assaults against individual labor activists, and various ancillary intimidation and harassment. Of particular ituc concern were the resort to criminal proceedings and harsh sentences imposed. The Chinese government denied that any of the actions taken were related to trade union activity. The ilo Committee on Freedom of Association (cfa) asserted that six of the activists were arrested, detained, and charged for being involved in a labor dispute—which it viewed as "a serious interference with civil liberties in general and with trade union rights in particular"—and was especially concerned about what it perceived as "heavy sentences" imposed. It called on the Chinese government to complete the ongoing investigations without delay, to provide the cfa with copies of relevant court judgments when these became available, and to ensure that the individuals concerned could continue—without interference—to provide support and advice to workers seeking to exercise trade union rights. The cfa further stated that it was nonetheless encouraged by indications that local authorities had begun to facilitate dialogue between workers and companies, which had in some cases led to resolution of conflicts.


As technology strives with increase in energy
demand, there is need of adopting reliable techniques towards
maintaining green environment without affecting production.
Knowing fossil and biomaterial feedstock with different
percentages of NOx emissions generation. This research reviews
the effective ways of reducing the various pollutants (NOx, CO,
HC and smoke) emissions from different fuel types (petroleum
and biodiesel). This centered on some factors on high generation
of NOx emissions from biofuel and fossil which include flame
adiabatic temperature, molecular structure of the bio-material
(biofuel)and fossil, load conditions and ignition delay time. The
paper further stated the adequate methods for reduction of NOx,
HC, smoke and others for both in pre and post combustion
approaches. However, the observed results from the adopted
technologies indicates that EGR introduced, reduced the NOx
emissions at about 5-25% EGR rate when used with bio-fueled
engine. This is achievable via controlling the combustion peak
temperature and oxygen content, also shows significant drop in
CO and HC emissions. Finally, with this techniques and
modifications, the fuel emissions will be greatly minimized for
better environment for operational activities.


Flexible transparent conductive oxide films have become a focus of research because of some unique advantages, such as light weight, flexibility, cost effective, etc. They are widely used in plastic liquid crystal display, flexible solar cell and unbreakable heat reflecting mirror. In this paper, the preparation techniques of flexible transparent conductive oxide films were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the preparation techniques were analyzed. The treatments of flexible substrates were discussed. Finally, the application fields and future development of flexible transparent conductive oxide films are suggested.


Ultraviolet-A Light Induces Micronucleated Erythrocytes in Newborn Rats
Ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light induce DNA damage by creating pyrimidine dimers, or indirectly affects DNA by the formation of reactive oxygen species. The objective was to determine DNA damage by micronucleus test in neonatal rats exposed to UV-A light. Rat neonates were exposed to light from a LED lamp (control group), to UV-C light 254 nm (control group to desquamation skin) or UV-A light 365 nm and in one group the dams were supplemented with folic acid (FA), to determine micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE) and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in peripheral blood of offspring.


This article provides a new solution for wireless environment surveillance system based on ZigBee technology in order to solve the problems existed in traditional systems. The authors gave the descriptions of the technical characteristics of ZigBee,including stack architecture,node types,network topology,etc.,showed the block diagram of this novel wireless environment surveillance system and depicted its working principle as well. How to design hardware circuits of ZigBee coordinator and routers,which have an extended RF communication range by using CC2430 and CC2591,was also discussed in this paper. And finally the authors pointed out the advantages of developing ZigBee network communication program based on Z-Stack platform.


The article gives the description and analysis of both spores" and moss-capsules" morphology of б species belonging to the genus Sphagnum L. of the section Acutifolia Wils. growing within the West-Siberian plain. The investigations on the spore morphology were provided through the method of scanning electron microscope. The spores of S. fimbriatum, S. girgensohnii, S. rubellum, S. russowii, according to the sculpture and surface of exosporium, appear to be papillomious-knobby, the spores ofS. capillifolium -papillomopus-knobby with almost smooth exosporium at proximal side. The spores of S. fuscum are generally papillomious. Radial grooves at the distal side in the spores of all species are absent. In spores of S. capillifolium wide folds are marked at distal side which look like radially situated open rings. Equatorial fold is absent in all species of the section or just vaguely expressed as in S. capillifolium. According to the size of a spore all species under investigation may be attributed to the category of small ones (18-26 micrometer). At visual assessment of both a moss-capsule and a spore colour, their species-specificity is established according to this character. For the moss-capsules of all species are typical all tints of dark-brown right up to almost black in S. fuscum and reddish in S. rubellum. The spores in the majority of species are brown, often with rustcoloured tint (S.fimbriatum, S. girgensohnii, S. rubellum).


obtain this result they construct a non-stochastic model of a small economy producing two goods. The planners aim to maximize a welfare function defined over total consumption of the two goods. From the first order conditions it can be seen that any distortion of local prices away from world prices will lead to a fall in welfare. Hence, the optimal policy for the planners is to do nothing. The authors do not mention, however, that this result is correct only if the planners' welfare function is identical to the utility function of the consumers in the economy.2 The next stage is to assume that the terms of trade are random. The planners now aim to maximize expected utility. The plan involves determining production of the importable and the exportable, and also consumption of the exportable. This implies, of course, a planned value for the volume of exports. It is assumed that planners will manipulate their instruments to ensure that the planned and actual values of the above variables are met. This in turn implies that consumption of the importable is a random variable. From the first order conditions for an optimum Jabara and Thompson conclude that the optimal tariff is non-zero. However, it is not clear from their analysis exactly what they are assuming about the behaviour of consumers or firms. The aim of this paper is to consider this aspect in more detail. We show that while uncertainty can generate optimal non-zero price distortions in the form of production and consumption taxes and/or subsidies, it will only be optimal to impose a tariff if the income elasticity of demand for the importable is zero. In the next section we outline the model used by Jabara and Thompson and derive the results stated in the previous paragraph. Some general conclusions are presented in the final section.


The effects of an initial non-uniform temperature gradient on the stability of a horizontal fluid layer, initially at rest, are investigated. Both buoyancy and surface tension effects are taken into account. Small amplitude perturbations as well as large size disturbances are considered. The basic equations governing the behaviour of the disturbances are expressed in terms of variational criteria. This permits the use of rather simple and economical numerical procedures. Numerical calculations have been performed for three different temperature profiles corresponding respectively to a layer heated from below, a layer cooled from above, and a superposition of two layers at different temperatures. The results indicate that non-uniform temperature gradients promote instability; subcritical instabilities are also displayed. Introduction In most papers on Benard's problem, it is admitted that buoyancy is the single agency responsible for the onset of convection. Moreover, the basic unperturbed temperature profile T° is assumed to be a linear monotone function of the depth z of the layer. In the present note, these restrictions are relaxed. It is supposed that convection is not only induced by buoyancy forces but also by temperature variations of the surface tension; moreover, the basic temperature gradient is no longer uniform. The non-uniformity may find its origin in transient heating or cooling at the boundaries. It is not our purpose to treat here the full problem of temperature profiles depending explicitly on time. Instead, we introduce a simplification in the form of a quasi-static approximation, which consists of freezing the temperature distribution T°(z, r) at a given instant of time r. This hypothesis is sufficient for our purpose; indeed, we are not interested in the behaviour of instabilities which develop beyond the critical instability point but rather in the determination of the onset of instability. 0340-0204/81 /0006-0015 $02.00 16 G. Lebon, A. Cloot Our simplification is justified as long as the disturbances are growing faster than the basic profile is evolving. More details on this quasi-static approximation can be found in references (1 —4). 1. The temperature profile In the present study, the actual unperturbed temperature profile is approximated by three particular piecewise linear distributions. The first one corresponds to a fluid layer uniformly heated from below (Fig. la), the second to a fluid layer uniformly cooled from above (Fig. Ib) and the third one describes two superposed fluid layers (Fig. Ic).


In this paper we present Real time biomedical data Streaming platform (RIMES), a data-intensive virtual environment, under joint development by Computer Network Information Center and University of California, San Diego. RIMES extends scientists' desktops to biomedical grid computation resources and mass storage systems, by means of streaming biomedical data through internet-based Data Turbine cloud. Researchers may conduct activities related to job submission, data processing and real time visualization within the environment. RIMES may also be suitable to other data-intensive areas such as geosciences and ecoinformatics.


We are studying some fundamental properties of the interface between control and data planes in Information-Centric Networks.We try to evaluate the traffic between these two pla nes based on allowing a minimum level of acceptable distortion i n the network state representation in the control plane. We applyour framework to content distribution, and see how we can comput e the overhead of maintaining the location of content in the co ntrol plane. This is of importance to evaluate content-oriented n etwork architectures: we identify scenarios where the cost of upda ting the control plane for content routing overwhelms the benefitof fetching a nearby copy. We also show how to minimize the cost of this overhead when associating costs to peering traffic an d to internal traffic for operator-driven CDNs.


Industrial design is a young field of science that works together with many disciplines, borrows concepts and constructs metaphors for product characterization and phenomenon description. The meaning of the penetrative or constructed concepts is crystallized over time through academic writings and discussions. Organic, Bionics and Blob Design is an example of such a vague concept. Vague concepts create confusion when the concepts are used in academic texts and in course descriptions, which should be understandable across international research and by exchange students. This article discusses the Tripod approach as a possible method to clarify meaning and as an aid to students' development of a technical terminology. The concepts must be used in the same context, in this example the context is Natural Design, and represent different analytical angles on scientific issues. The three concepts of Organic, Bionics and Blob design meet these conditions to form the foundation for a Tripod Approach. The clarifying question in the discussion of meaning will circle around whether Nature Design poses a "paradigm" for industrial design, in which Organic, Bionics and Blob Design separately constitute "sub-paradigms". The citation marks indicate that this study looks at paradigms as practice fields rather than as research programs. The field for this study is set by a design engineer education with courses that cover the three design disciplines.


Objective To investigate the effect of CD40 siRNA interruption of CD40-CD40 ligand interaction on the proliferation and migration in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Methods Endothelial cells were isolated from human umbilical vein by collagenase solution.The incorporation of 3H-TdR and 3H-Leu analysis were used to evaluate the cell proliferation.Cells migration was observed by monolayer cell scrape and reverse microscope.Results The incorporation of 3H-TdR and 3H-Leu and the migration of endothelial cells were significantly raised by CD40L.CD40 siRNA significantly suppressed CD40L-induced incorporation of 3H-TdR,3H-Leu and the migration of HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner.Moreover,the best pre-treated time for CD40 siRNA was 48 hours.Conclusion CD40 siRNA can significantly suppress the proliferation and migration of cultured human endothelial cells induced by CD40-CD40L interaction.


Happiness is a social category summarizing a number of ideas, each of which is important both for a person and for a society. The article considers social factors indicating implementation of the happiness phenomenon in different countries. The author also defines the place of Russia in this range of countries.


Gravitational waves are predicted by general relativity theory. Their existence could be confirmed by astronomical observations, but until today they have not yet been measured directly. A measurement would not only confirm general relativity, but also allow for interesting astronomical observations. Great effort is currently being expended to facilitate gravitational radiation measurement, most notably through earth-bound interferometers (such as LIGO and Virgo), and the planned space-based LISA interferometer. Earth-bound interferometers have recently taken up operation, so that a detection might be made at any time, while the space-borne LISA interferometer is scheduled to be launched within the next decade. Among the most promising signals for a detection are the waves emitted by the inspiral of a binary system of stars or black holes. The observable gravitational-wave signature of such an event is determined by properties of the inspiralling system, which may in turn be inferred from the observed data. A Bayesian inference framework for the estimation of parameters of binary inspiral events as measured by groundand space-based interferometers is described here. Furthermore, appropriate computational methods are developed that are necessary for its application in practice. Starting with a simplified model considering only 5 parameters and data from a single earth-bound interferometer, the model is subsequently refined by extending it to 9 parameters, measurements from several interferometers, and more accurate signal waveform approximations. A realistic joint prior density for the 9 parameters is set up. For the LISA application the model is generalised so that the noise spectrum is treated as unknown as well


The disciplines of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) are critical for national productivity and global competitiveness. Demand for tertiary graduates with cross-disciplinary STEM skills will continue to exponentially exceed supply in Australia in the next 25 years (McLaughlin & Reid, 2012). Leadership in the promotion of STEM cross-disciplinary learning and teaching is critical to the development of future graduates. With these identified skills shortages across the STEM professions, there is a growing need for academic staff to impart knowledge from their own disciplines across new STEM learning boundaries and build skills in providing cross-disciplinary STEM opportunities for future graduates. This project, through the connection of industry, STEM academics and students created these opportunities and demonstrated the emerging potential in cross-disciplinary learning and teaching. The project also forged new patterns of learning opportunities in STEM tertiary education across Australia and crossed discipline and Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) boundaries.


The minimal Higgs sectors of Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories (SGUT's) can be extended by introducing higher dimensional (anomaly free) representations. We have found models with different anomaly free combinations of SU(5) representations which are different in terms or their β functions. It is also interesting to consider the RGE effect associated with the Yukawa coupling that involve the additional Higgs representations. In order to do this we shall consider the 2‐loop β functions for the gauge coupling, but will keep only the 1‐loop RGE for the new Yukawa couplings, in a SU(5) SGUT model.