Literature may be a powerful tool to inspire, encourage, inform and potentially promote changes in children's lives. There are numerous books on the subject of sexual abuse in many countries. These books have the potential to increase children's awareness to this subject. Therefore, it is extremely important to analyze these materials before using them in preventive programs or before offering them to children. Thus, the present paper aims to review the scientifi c literature on assessment of children's books that deal with the topic of sexual abuse, emphasizing the main ones. In this search, we found 31 articles related to the descriptors, however only three studies dealt analyzed specifi cally children's books. The studies examined the books based in pre-established criteria. In general, the studies showed that the analyzed books had great value for prevention and protection of children against sexual abuse, although no studies were found which empirically assessed interventions using such books. Common points were described in each study, and the need for similar studies in Brazil was identifi ed.


National Grid ESO has an ambition to be able to operate the GB transmission system carbon-free by 2025. Today, NGESO depends on gas and coal plants for a range of essential ancillary services and takes actions to ensure they are online and able to provide them. To enable zero-carbon operation, zero-carbon technologies require routes to market for all of these services. In many cases, either the current technical specifications or procurement mechanisms prevent zero-carbon generators from participating. These four detailed report have been been produced as part of the Netorks-06 project. 1) Review of System and Network Issues, 2) Frequency Stability, 3) Power Electronic Devices and Fault Current, & 4) Market Needs.


Design/methodology/approach – A comparative descriptive analysis was carried out on the year of 2000 and 2015, considering a sample of Mexican Industries that implemented the quality control circles, which belong to the Mexican Association of Work in Team A.C. (AMTE). First, in the methodology was realized a classification of the sample studied, later it was divided into two stages: 1) Quantitative variables and 2) Qualitative variables.


Due to the rapid adoption of power electronics technology in shipboard microgrids (SMGs) in recent years, harmonic contamination has become now a crucial topic for these power systems. In order to sustain the safety of the electrical power systems, standards for power quality have imposed strict limits on the harmonic distortion allowed. In these standards, the application of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) with a window size of 10/12 cycles is often recommended for the harmonic evaluation. This method is not practical for SMGs due to large variations in load and frequency in a short duration. To address this issue, this article proposes a signal periodicity-independent algorithm to estimate the current harmonic distortion of SMGs by solving an eigenvalue problem with a short transient response. The proposed algorithm, which is based on a resolution-enhanced sliding matrix pencil method (SMPM), is distinguished by its frequency independency feature, and as a result of this, feature system frequency variations and the existence of interharmonics do not affect its accuracy. The evaluation of the proposed method is carried out under the MATLAB software and is experimentally verified via analyzing the electrical power system current of a container ship.


The intermediate hypabyssal intrusive rocks were found near the east piedmont of Quanshan Mountain in Xuzhou in Cambrian system. Through optical microscopic observation and geochemistry analysis:it was dioritic porphyrite, and the content of SiO2 (61.68%), Na2O (3.80%),K2O (3.07%), higher micro elements of Ba, Sr, W, enriched LREE, poor HREE and positive Eu abnormal. The standard partition mode of rare earth element chondrite was quite similar to Banjing dioritic porphyrite and granodiorite porphyrite. It was concluded that the geochemical characteristics were related to the magma activity of Banjing rock mass.


Porbeagle (Lamna nasus) is large coldtemperate epipelagic shark species inhabiting coastal and oceanic waters occurring on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean, in the South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans (CAMPANA et al., 2002). It can reach up to 370 cm in total length and 230 kg in weight (COMPAGNO, 2002). Among the three species of lamnoid sharks up to date recorded in the Adriatic Sea, the porbeagle is considered the rarest (TORTONESE, 1956; JARDAS, 1985, 1996; SOLDO & JARDAS, 2000; LIPEJ et al., 2004). Little is known about its presence in the Adriatic Sea, since only irregular records of this species were recorded in the area, mostly in its southern part (MARANO et al., 1983; SOLDO & JARDAS, 2000; STORAI et al., 2003). In the northern Adriatic Sea, there are available only few records, whereas in Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea this shark is not mentioned in the Key for the determination of vertebrates in Slovenia (LIPEJ, 1999). The aim of this contribution is to report the case of a juvenile porbeagle caught in waters off Slovenia and to comment the state of art about this species in the Adriatic Sea.


Condensation of cis‐2‐aminomethylcyclohexanol with p‐nitrobenzaldehyde under mild conditions initially gives the imine as the kinetically controlled product. The imine undergoes a solid‐state rearrangement to the bicyclic tetrahydro‐1, 3‐oxazine. The kinetics of the rearrangement were followed by solid‐state CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy over the temperature range 283–297 K and the reaction was shown to have an activation energy of 85.0 ± 14.7 kJ mol−1. The probable reaction mechanism is discussed.


Using a first filter array determines the filter response of the first electrical signal to determine the filter response of the second electrical signal using a second filter array, and the first electrical based at least on the filter response of the filter response and second electrical signals of the signal, by determining the time difference between the first and second electrical signals, the time difference between a plurality of signals is estimated. First optical signal is converted into a first electrical signal and the second optical signal is converted into a second electrical signal. Filtered response samples of the first electrical signal filter response and the second electrical signal, and, based at least on the sampled filter response of the first electrical signal of the sampled filter response and the second electrical signal , the time difference between the first and second electrical signals is determined.


Aim: This study aims to examine the factors that are perceived to contribute to lasting weight loss. To try to understand the psychosocial factors- and what aspects of physical activity and the rel ...


Introduction:
 Frailty is an important predictor of clinical outcomes, but its contribution to resource utilization remains understudied. This study investigates the impact of frailty on high resource utilization (HRU) in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG).

 Methods:
 We reviewed data on patients who underwent CABG at a single center between 04/2018 and 12/2019. A Frailty score (FS) was calculated using the Essential Frailty Toolset (EFT). Patients were divided into two groups: Frail (FS ≥ 3/5) & Non-Frail (FS <3/5). Baseline clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared in both groups. The primary outcome was HRU (post-operative length of stay > 7 days or readmission within 30-days). Secondary outcomes included operative time, prolonged ventilation, & direct procedure costs. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the effect of frailty on HRU.

 Results:
 The study included 740 patients of whom 18% (n=132) were frail. Compared to Non-Frail patients, Frail patients were older (66 vs. 70 yrs. P<0.001) and more likely to be high risk for operative mortality (1.3% vs. 14%, p<0.001). The incidence of HRU was 28% vs. 53%, p<0.001, in Non-Frail vs. Frail patients. Frail patients had longer operative times (272 vs. 247 mins; p<0.001), and a higher incidence of prolonged ventilation (9.9% vs. 4%; p<0.001). Median direct costs were also higher in Frail subjects ($33,434 vs. $22, 207; p<0.001). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of HRU were (OR: 95% C.I.) Frailty: 2.19(1.44, 3.33; p=0.003), Sex (Female): 1.66 (1.14, 2.40; p=0.008), and history of COPD: 2.32(1.53, 3.54; p<0.001).

 Conclusions:
 About one out of every five patients undergoing CABG was classified as frail by the EFT. Frailty was associated with higher direct costs and found to be an independent predictor of high resource utilization. Further attention is required to optimize outcomes and resource use in this vulnerable population.


Salinity and fresh water are two sides of the same coin, most conveniently measured by electrical conductivity; they can now be mapped rapidly in three dimensions using airborne electromagnetics (AEM). Recent developments in the calibration of airborne data against in-field measurements and additional information from radiometrics, magnetics and digital elevation models lend new insights into salinity, groundwater flow systems and water resources. Freshwater resources can be mapped, and salinity risk and the outcome of management interventions may be forecast, on the basis of the specific architecture of complete groundwater flow systems-enabling practical, cost-effective protection and development of water resources


E P de Jager and H P Kuenzi described all atoms of the complete lattice which consistes of the set of all quasi uniformities on a set X, equipped with the set theoretic inclusion. In this project we consider the function space F(X,Y) and we construct the quasi uniformity of the atom quasi uniform convergence, and we then find the induced topology. We finish by setting some open problems.


In this paper, we propose and evaluate a reduced complexity multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system to enhance signal to noise ratio (SNR) and throughput of a WLAN system. The algorithm is based on phase scanning at the transmitter side and maximal ratio combining (MRC) at the receiver side with feedback from the receiver to assist in setting the optimal phase value at the transmitter. This feedback channel is available in the IEEE 802.11b standard, and thus, the proposed algorithm introduces minor modifications to the existing air interface. Simulation results show that the proposed technique increases the throughput sustainability of an 802.11b system.


We study the black hole information problem within a semiclassically
gravitating AdS_dd
black hole coupled to and in equilibrium with a
dd-dimensional
thermal conformal bath. We deform the bath state by a relevant scalar
deformation, triggering a holographic RG flow whose "trans-IR"
region deforms from a Schwarzschild geometry to a Kasner universe. The
setup manifests two independent scales which control both the extent of
coarse-graining and the entanglement dynamics when counting Hawking
degrees of freedom in the bath. In tuning either, we find nontrivial
changes to the Page time and Page curve. We consequently view the Page
curve as a probe of the holographic RG flow, with a higher Page time
manifesting as a result of increased coarse-graining of the bath degrees
of freedom.


Our approach is to test hypotheses by comparing model predictions with field observations. Waves, currents, and bathymetry were observe d on a natural beach during the SandyDuck field experiment on the North Carolina coast. Pressure gages, current meters, and sona r altimeters were deploye d on a grid extending 370 m from near the shoreline t o about 5 m water depth and spanning 200 m along the coast (Figure 1). The t wo-dimensiona l array allows quantitative investigations of se a and swell, edge waves, shear waves, nearshore circulation, and changing morphology.


In species with biparental care, individuals adjust their workload to that of their partner to either compensate or match its investment. Communication within a pair might be crucial for achieving this adjustment. Zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, form life-long monogamous pair bonds, in which partners are highly coordinated and both incubate the eggs. When relieving each other during incubation, partners perform a structured call duet at the nest. If this duet functions to coordinate incubation workload, disrupting the pair's usual nest-relief pattern by delaying the male's return to the nest should affect the structure of the duet. Using domesticated birds breeding in a large aviary, we found that delaying the male's return induced shorter duets with higher call rates. In addition, we tracked the location of individuals with a transponder at the nest and the feeder, and showed that these accelerated duets were associated with an increased haste of the partners to take turns incubating and foraging. Females also spent less time incubating during their subsequent shift, and females' time off-nest was best predicted by their mate's calling behaviour in the previous duet. Taken together, these results suggest that duets may function as 'vocal negotiation' over parental care.


SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) ferroelectric thin film and powder samples were fabricated by using metal-organic decomposition (MOD) method. XRD and SEM results show that SBT powders still remain polycrystalline perovskite structure and amounts of Bi and δ-Bi2O3 are reduced from SBT annealed in the forming gas at 400℃. Spherical and needle structures form on the surface of SBT thin films annealed in the forming gas at 500℃. Bi element in powders is more easily reduced at lower temperature compared with that of thin films and form needle structures on SBT surface. Bi deficiency derived from forming gas annealing causes serious ferroelectricity degradation on the SBT capacitors. Annealed in the forming gas ambient at 400℃ for 5.5min,the remnant polarization of SBT films drop about 43%. If annealing time is longer than 8.5min,films are breakdown and ferroelectricity disappears totally. However,no obvious polarization fatigue with 109 electric field cycling could be observed.


This special issue on hypnosis and the brain raises the question of the relationship between hypnosis and neuroplasticity—explicitly in a few of the articles and implicitly in others. Neuroplastici...


Objective:To improve the TCM effect on irregular menstruation.Methods:Chapter of irregular menstruation in Qianjinfang was analyzed,combined with the author's clinical experience,to discuss the academic thought and experience of SUN Si-miao for treating irregular menstruation.Results:SUN's theories have several differences from today.First,uterus attacked by wind,anxiety,sadness and blood stasis are the main causes of irregular menstruation according to SUN.Second,it is treated with method of purging to resolving stasis.Drugs for supplementing are given cautiously.SUN prefers pungent and warm drugs.Cold drugs and warm drugs are used together.Conclusion:The unique thought and experience of SUN Si-miao on irregular menstruation should be learned and developed in current.


CCD images in B,V,R,I, and in the light of the emission line Hα have been obtained as well as 11 long-slit spectra. Colour maps and radial velocity maps show that the irregular galaxy NGC 520 consists of two interacting components which are very likely on a bound orbit and are going to merge. The more massive component is seen almost edge-on and has a warp of about 27°. Its nuclear region coincides with the radio continuum source and shows an active starburst which, at visual wavelengths, is almost hidden behind the dust lane of the disk. The spectra of the less massive, although visually brighter, second component northwest of the main component indicate a post-starburst some 2-3 . 10 8 years old. Numerical starburst models, which were fitted to the data of both components, indicate that both starbursts might be deficiency in low-mass stars


Social networking sites are becoming popular platforms to share information for different types of media agencies including Newspapers, TV channels, FM radios, etc. Obviously, they hold public pages or accounts in social networks. Sometimes, such media agencies post in online social network (OSN) (Facebook, Twitter, etc.) and ask users' feedback through comments. They also declare some lucrative facilities for a user who give maximum comments to that post or contact directly to the users who give qualitative comments. In case of a live reality shows in TV channels, they ask votes from viewers for a fixed set of candidates within very limited time. As a result, in few minutes, more than 1,000 comments are found in such posts which is really difficult for streaming and analyzing to discover some information at the same time. In this paper, we discuss three new problems of such media agencies, analyze some scenarios and propose novel solution for each of the problem. Though such problems have not been tackled in the literature, we are first to deal with such problems. We have conducted an extensive set of experiments on the collected data from official facebook page of Roger Federer1 and DhakaFM90.42 to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approaches.


In this article under assumption of "small" density for negativity set, we prove local Lipschitz regularity for the one phase minimization problem with free boundary for the functional where λ 1 , λ 2 are positive constants so that Λ = λ p 1 − λ p 2 < 0, χ D is the characteristic function of set D , Ω ⊂ R n is (smooth) domain and minimum is taken over a suitable subspace of W 1 ,p (Ω).


Law 224 of the first Lombardie legal code (Edictus Rothari, 634 A. D.) has drawn considerable attention in Germanic legal history. This attention is due in large part to the law's inherent symbolism for a manumission ceremony which this law describes. Although Ed. Roth. 224 describes four forms of manumission, its rich symbolism is confined mainly to the first of these four parts, and it is this par t tha t we are primarily concerned with here. In this ceremony, several concepts have symbolic meaning ; two Lombardie terms in particular, gaida and gisil, when used with a symbolic formalism, make a slave free). To define these words, the subject of much controversy, is the purpose of this paper. The Germans, however, lacked an abstract concept of freedom (libertas), just as they lacked an abstract concept of law). What concept of freedom they did possess was founded on the reciprocal character of rights interlocked with obligations. Although this may be true in any society, it was especially true in early medieval Europe, where the concept of freedom was viewed as a purely subjective right). This is particularly evident in Ed. Roth. 224 in which slaves found


International human rights law commands states not to discriminate against members of ethnic, religious, or linguistic minorities. Moreover, the world community expects states to adopt positive measures that give distinct minority identities an equal chance of surviving. Although Greece is a largely homogeneous country, it has always played host to a number of ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups that qualify as minorities under international law. The situation of many of these groups has improved significantly in recent years; however, some inherently discriminatory legislation survives to date and Greek courts continue to issue decisions that occasionally deny equal rights to members of minorities on rather shaky grounds. Moreover, the special rules for the protection of minorities established under the Treaty of Lausanne appear clearly inadequate and unfair today. To ensure full compliance with existing obligations and the current expectations of the international community, the Greek legal system must reconsider its response to the minority question.


After explaining in detail the digging,supporting,net hanging and concrete spraying of the No.eight tunnel of Liyang Pumping Storage Power Station in Jiangsu,the paper probes into the construction characteristics of different types of wall rocks.


GalnP/GaAs tandem solar cells are proving to be a highly adaptable, high-efficiency photovoltaic technology. GalnP/GaAs tandem cells have now exceeded all confirmed two-terminal efficiencies for cells of any material combination at one-sun air-mass 1.5 global (AMI .5G) with an efficiency q = 29.5%, at 160-suns AM1.5 direct (AMI .5D) with q = 30.2%, at one-sun AM0 with q = 25.7%, and at AM0 with q = 19.6% after 1-MeV, 10i5-cm-* electron irradiation. These high efficiencies reduce the balance-of-system costs for a photovoltaic power system relative to a system using less efficient cells. This balance-of-system leverage has made this technology competitive in the near term for space and concentrator terrestrial applications even though the GalnP/GaAs cells are relatively expensive. A starting point for these high efficiencies is the high quality of the single-crystal epitaxial material. Recent advances are attributed to improvements in interface passivation layers and cell designs.


This study examines how exposure to media messages about drugs leads to curiosity about illicit drugs, which, in turn, can lead to illicit drug trial among interested college students. The Model of Product Curiosity (MPC; Smith & Swinyard, 1988) was used to predict the effects of exposure to drug messages on intention to try a "new" illegal drug. An experiment was performed with 172 undergraduate students to determine whether awareness, interest, and product curiosity affected intention to try a fictitious drug, MCA. Students were asked to listen to 1 of 4 radio segments with drug messages embedded in them. The results suggest that among students predisposed to try illicit drugs, repeated exposure to drug messages heightens awareness, interest, and curiosity about drugs, which, in turn, leads to an intention to try new drugs.


Most tracking algorithms implicitly apply a coarse segmentation of each target object using a simple mask such as a rectangle or an ellipse. Although convenient, such coarse segmentation results in several problems in tracking — drift, switching of targets, poor target localization, to name a few — since it inherently includes extra non-target pixels if the mask is larger than the target or excludes some portion of target pixels if the mask is smaller than the target. In this paper, we propose a novel probabilistic framework for jointly solving segmentation and tracking. Starting from a joint Gaussian distribution over all the pixels, candidate target locations are evaluated by first computing a pixel-level segmentation and then explicitly including this segmentation in the probability model. The segmentation is also used to incrementally update the probability model based on a modified probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA). Our experimental results show that the proposed method of explicitly considering pixellevel segmentation as a part of solving the tracking problem significantly improves the robustness and performance of tracking compared to other state-of-the-art trackers, particularly for tracking multiple overlapping targets.


Cantu syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder, first described by Cantu in 1982, that is characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, characteristic facial anomalies and cardiomegaly. Recent investigations have revealed that this syndrome is caused by mutations of ABCC9, which encodes a regulatory subunit of SUR2, an adenosine triphosphate‐mediated potassium channel opener, expressed not only in smooth muscle but also in hair follicles. However, the abnormalities of skin and hair in patients with Cantu syndrome have not been well explored. We herein report three Japanese patients with Cantu syndrome and describe their specific skin manifestations and alterations in the histopathology of their hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Similar alterations were shared among those three patients and may be related to the function of SUR2, namely the regulation of hair follicle growth, because SUR2 is a known pharmacological target of minoxidil.


THEdifficulties ofthedifferential diagnosis between haematomata under the retinal pigment epithelium, degenerative diseases ofthemacula, andmalignantmelanomata ofthechoroid haveoften beenpointed out(Reese and Jones, 1961). These problems havetroubled manyaneyesurgeon andtheir solution will notbediscussed here, butamodification oftheusual method of enucleation tobeused whenremoving aneyepossibly containing amalignant tumour isdescribed below. Inthese cases theimplantation ofanytype ofmetal, glass, orplastic ball into themuscle coneiscontraindicated, butifsubsequent study oftheenucleated eyeshows that there isnoprobability ofarecurrence, animplant maybeinserted atalater date.Tofacilitate suchdelayed implantation and also toinspect thoroughly themuscle coneatthetimeoftheenucleation itis advisable tosecure thetendons ofthefourrecti muscles. Otherwise these will contract after severing andbecome difficult tofind whenneeded later to supply motility forasecondary implant. Theearly steps ofthis modified enucleation donotdiffer fromthetypical procedure: After incision oftheconjunctiva along thecorneal limbus and exposure oftherecti muscles using blunt curved scissors, three musclesusually theinferior, temporal, andsuperior-are caught withastrabismus hookintheusual manner.Before severing thetendons, ablack 4-0doublearmedsilk ornylon suture isintroduced into eachofthetwoouter thirds ofeachtendon. While anassistant holds thesuture awayfromthescissors, thesurgeon severs thetendon intheusual way.Theneedles arethenled through Tenon's capsule andoutoftheconjunctiva, about 1cm.awayfrom theconjunctival incision; theendsofthethreads areknotted butarenotcut until after inspection ofthemuscle cone.Itmaybeadvantageous toput overeachneedle asmall glass beadabout 1mm.indiameter whichshould remain inthetissue toprevent themuscle fromshrivelling andtomakeit easier tofind later whenanimplant istobeinserted (Fig. 1,opposite). The bulbar insertion ofthefourth tendon, usually thenasal, should beleft longer foreasygrasp bytheenucleation forceps; thetendon should besutured to


A histamine derivative of β-cyclodextrin functionalised at the secondary rim was synthesised and characterised by optical and NMR spectroscopy. Its binary systems both with proton and copper(II) were thermodynamically characterised through pH-metric potentiometry. In addition, the ternary systems with the enantiomers of tryptophan, phenylalanine and alanine were investigated. Thermodynamic stereoselectivity was observed for both the tryptophan and phenylalanine enantiomers. The properties of the synthesised cyclodextrin derivative as a chiral selector were verified in chiral ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis (CLECE) towards the enantiomeric pairs of some amino acids.


Foundry sand is a waste material imposing hazardous effects on the environment and human health. It cannot be disposed of properly and its disposal is not economically viable. The inherent properties of foundry sand can be used to make this material environmentally friendly in terms of solving the problem of its disposal. Similarly, steel chips are industrial wastes which can be reused. This paper discusses the improvement of compaction and subgrade characteristics of clayey soil by blending it with foundry sand and randomly distributed steel chips. The influence of different mix proportions of clayey soil and foundry sand on compaction characteristics and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values has been studied. The results show that with the addition of foundry sand in sandy clayey soil, the maximum dry density (MDD) and CBR value of the mixture increase initially, and with further addition of foundry sand, the MDD and CBR values of mixture start decreasing. Similar results were obtained with the inclusion of steel chips in selected soil-foundry sand mixture. The designated mix with optimum percentage of clayey soil, foundry sand and steel chips can be effectively used in the construction of subgrade of roads and embankment, thus presenting a solution to construct good roads at low cost.


A single screen and multichannel audio, video and installation work was installed initially at Koppe Astner, Glasgow. This will tour internationally as a single screen cinema work later in 2018. This project consolidates research outputs from a study of proto-accelerationist theory in the writings of Walter Benjamin: Paralipomena to "On The Concept Of History " 1940 and the contemporary theory of Benjamin Noys: Malign Velocities 2014.

Say What You Mean What You Say presented a dialectic between circular suspension and linearity reflecting on the theoretical models of Walter Benjamin's 'anteroom' and 'emergency brake'. As with Benjamin, the exhibition attempted to set up a dialogue between various components alluding to left- wing reactionary and accelerationist responses to the increasing velocity of capitalism. In this sense the reactionary is presented as the sensation of a looping effect, acting as pause or suspension in an act of resistance, whilst accelerationism is presented as more passively waiting for increasing hyper flow to outpace and deterritorialize capitalism.

Two key motifs act as vessels for these concepts, the first being the appropriated image of a wax work in Shenzhen, China, commemorating meetings between Deng Xiaoping and Margaret Thatcher negotiating the handover of Hong Kong to China. Here the image has been processed to resemble a live news feed but rendered as static as the original waxwork This meeting is parodied in the video by performers dressed as Thatcher and Xiaoping in a staged ideological transfer where their normalisation also reinsures the static original. This event marked a major advancement in Neo liberal economics in China as well as globally. This trope is intended to act as a signifier for the opposing ideologies of command and free market economies and the consequent cognitive dissonance generated by the 'one country, two systems' approach of China which is commonly described as an accelerationist tendancy and a key development in the spread of Neo liberal economics, resulting in socialism for the wealthy capitalism for the poor.
This critically dialogue is extended as an imaginary train ride with Xiaoping and Thatcher-like impersonators. Here the protagonists become locked in an endless loop feedback of dialogue and exchange, in a degree of suspension, yet paradoxically travelling along the historical linearity of progress. Here circularity may provide revolutionary pause or anticipation to the historical time rail track of capitalism but may also lead to fossilisation.

The second motif represents the reactionary mode of resistance, through the valorisation of human labour and the plight of the alienated and exploited worker. In previous exhibitions such as Illegitimi Non Carborundum, this was embodied in the rendering of images through highly labour intensive micro-actions, here the vector derived micro dots are more remote surrogates. The literal and linguistic reference to holes is related to the chorus lyrics of Serge Gainsbourg's ode to alienated work and suicide, Le Poinconneur Des Lilas.


Now a day, 'Technology', 'Information and Communication Technology', 'Teaching Technology' etc. these words are very commonly used in Education. Teachers are applying LCD projectors for presenting their topics throughpower point presentation or something else. It is very clear that the purpose of this activity is that students should understand the content effectively. Smart Classroom is now essential requirement of some 'Public Schools' and 'International Schools'. Parents are expecting that school should have its own audio visual lab, Language Laboratory, Interactive Boards, E -content etc. Smart Classroom creates advanced methodology of teaching learning process. EDUSAT is playing vital role of achieving prescribed goal for imparting educational technology in education. It enables the education 'Technology Centered Education' in 21 st century.


This article examines an aspect of the Russian and East European Revolutions that has been largely overlooked by historians. That of the Independentist Ukrainian Marxists who challenged both the Russian Communists and the Ukrainian nationalists in their quest for an independent Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic. Originating in Ukrainian Social-Democracy, the Nezalezhnyky (Independentists) anticipated many of the ideas of the communist oppositions' who sought to reassert the libertarian goals of the revolution. Struggling first within the Ukrainian Peoples Republic then the Ukrainian SSR, their campaign had international ramifications and gained the support Bela Kun's Soviet Hungary. In 1919, commanding a section of the Red Army the Nezalezhnyky led a pro-soviet rebellion larger and far more serious than the Kronstadt uprising. Organised as the Ukrainian Communist Party, between 1919–1925 they were the last legal-opposition party in the USSR. In the face of harassment they were the only communists to explicitly advocate a theory of permanent revolution and developed a concept of proletarian hegemony. They opposed NEP as return to capitalist advocating soviet democracy and a self-governing of Ukraine. The history and ideas of these Marxist's provides a new insight into the fate of the Russian, Ukrainian and East European revolutions.


The article discusses problem-based learning and case study methods in terms of their ability to meet both scientific and professional targeted learning objectives during early levels of the law study in Norway. In


This paper is based substantially on the work of USAID Legal Office in Cairo, especially memos drafted by Leg. B. Barrington and Leg. G. Bunce. The concern of this paper is to show that although domestic laws and regulations, e.g., Egyptian Laws and Regulations, may be at the beginning in contradiction with the provisions of an international entity, e.g., USAID, the mutual comprehension and serious efforts of both parties may minimise the differences and conclude to harmonious results. Therefore, I can say that this paper belongs to the field of "Procurement Comparative Studies". The brief research is in two parts: Part One: states the provisions of the Egyptian Law No. 9 for 1983 promulgating the law on tenders and bids, with references to its Executive Regulations issued by a Decree of the Egyptian Minister of Finance No. 157 for 1983. Part Two: deals with problems raised by the application of Law 9 to USAID-financed contracts and solution. I take this opportunity also to express my recognition to Leg. Kevin O'Donnell, Senior Legal Advisor, Leg. Patricia Ramsey, and Leg. Michael Williams of USAID Legal Office in Cairo for the assistance they have given me in drafting the present paper.


High-energy ions produced by the ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating were observed on the Large Helical Device (LHD). The dependence of the count number of high-energy particles on pitch-angle was studied using the time-of-flight neutral particle analyzer (TOF-NPA) in the LHD. The angle of the line-of-sight was scanned at five successive discharges sustained by ICRF heating only. A unique "rabbit-ear" structure with a large population of high-energy ions at a certain pitch-angle, was observed. A bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck equation was applied to the LHD plasma in the helical magnetic configuration in order to explain the structure of the measured distribution function. The calculation successfully reproduced the "rabbit-ear" structure.


【Objective】This study aimed to clone a full length cDNA of MhWRKY1 from Malus hupehensis and analyze the expression pattern of MhWRKY1 in different tissues(leaf,stem and root) and the expression pattern after treatment with the elicitors salicylic acid(SA),methyl jasmonate(MeJA),1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC) and apple ring spot pathogens(Botryosphaeria berengeriana de Not.f.sp.Parabola Nise Koganezawa et Sakuma),respectively.【Method】The full length cDNA sequence of MhWRKY1 from the M.hupehensis was isolated using the method of in silico cloning combined with the RT-PCR validation.Real-time quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR) was performed to determine the expression pattern of MhWRKY1 in different tissues(leaf,stem and root) and the expression pattern in leaf,stem and root after treatment with SA,MeJA and ACC,respectively.And the expression of this gene after treatment with apple ring spot pathogens was also performed using qRT-PCR.【Result】1 338 bp full-length cDNA sequence of MhWRKY1 was cloned and the GenBank database accession number was FJ598139.Bioinformatics analysis showed that the open reading frame of this gene was 993 bp,encoding 330 amino acids.The deduced amino acid sequence shares 68%,68%,66%,60%,59%,49% and 43% identity with poplar WRKY26,WRKY20,soybean WRKY,potato WRKY2,tobacco WRKY,arabidopsis WRKY7,and rice WRKY53.MhWRKY1 protein contains one conserved WRKY domains that is composed of about 60 amino acid residues with the WRKYGQK sequence followed by a C2H2 zinc finger motif,belongs to the second type of transcription factor.Expression analysis showed that the expression of MhWRKY1 in leaves and stems were high and the expression in leaves and stem were 4.81-fold and 3.75-fold than that in root,respectively.SA,MeJA and ACC induced the expression of MhWRKY1 gene in leave,stem and root,respectively.In addition,the expression of this gene was enhanced and up to the peak at 12 h(9-fold than untreated materials) after treatment with apple ring rots pathogens during the first 72 h.【Conclusion】MhWRKY1 could be involved in SA,MeJA and ET-mediated basic signaling pathway of plant defense responses and disease resistance signal transduction network.MhWRKY1 was involved in defense responses mediated by apple ring rot pathogen.It might be play a key role in disease resistance in M.hupehensis.


Bridging the global‐regional divide inclimate impact research for urban areas means to establish a comprehensive picture which covers all urban agglomeration of the world. This is different from the case of, e.g., hydrological impact modeling where coarse‐scaled (spatial and functional) global models and detailed regional studies have to be brought together. Therefore we suggest a structured approach towards a full spatial and functional coverage of urban impact analyses: (1) Filtering ‐ all urban agglomerations are identified where a specific Climate Change impact path is probably relevant or even the dominant one and (2) a targeted, fast quantitative impact assessment of the respective impact path is performed for these urban areas. Step (1) starts with the existing knowledge on potential urban impact paths and extracts through different natural, social and economic filtering steps the urban agglomerations where these impact paths have to be studied quantitatively. In step (2) this is done by applying a set of tools which are mainly based on urban remote sensing to overcome the data scarcity bottleneck. It occurs that single filtering steps and tools can be reused for different impact paths. To illustrate the approach we presenta filtering example, resulting in a global map which shows the urban agglomerations where the following impact path is relevant: pluvial flooding of slum settlements under increasing frequency of heavy rain events To exemplify step (2) we present a remote sensing based toolset for quantitative assessment. Index Terms—climate impact assessment, urban agglomerations, remote sensing, data scarcity


Certain features of the Sterkfontein scapular fragment have been examined in the light of available data relating to the form of the scapula in primates. One suggestion currently in the literature, that this fragment is relatively less specialized than the corresponding region of the gibbon and chimpanzee (being more like some extant monkeys), may not be justified.


For patients with long-term conditions, the role of the nurse specialist is key to continuity of care. This chapter outlines issues that nurse specialists need to be aware of in demonstrating their value. Nurse-led care and the competencies required for nurse specialist roles are outlined and provide a framework for nurses new to the role to consider. Working as a nurse specialist often has a level of autonomy that ward nurses do not have and therefore it is vital that nurses working in these roles should be able to clearly articulate the components of their role, define the clinical effectiveness of the nurse-led clinic activities, and demonstrate the benefits to the individual, the organization they work for, and the wider society. This chapter succinctly outlines these key points.


Though investigate a lot of documents and talking wit professionals, It is necessity and priority though founding basic public sports club in China .We found it is necessary to put basic public sports club into practice for our pubic sports.


Propagation in the composite region of a wedge which leads into a duct is considered where mixed boundary conditions are imposed. The problem is reformulated as an integral equation where instead of the free‐space Green's function being used as the kernel function, the Green's function for the wedge region is used. This permits considerable simplification and a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind is obtained where the region of integration is merely a plane and is valid for any value of the wavenumber. For small values of the wavenumber the boundary integral equation may be solved iteratively and the solution is given as a Neumann series. The results for different sources will be discussed.


The purpose of mechanized shield tunneling is to increase its penetration rev and penetration rate.According to literatures,the main factors relating to shield tunneling performance are geological conditions,mechanical parameters and their compatibility.The shield tunneling performance of Chongqing Yangtze River tunnel in alternative of mudstone and sandstone bed is discussed.Based on field shield excavation tests and rock point load strength tests,shield cutter penetration rev,penetration rate and their influencing factors are studied.Using the collected in-situ data,the statistical relationships between shield tunneling performance and rock strength,cutter head thrust force and torque are analyzed by means of regression analysis.Simultaneously predicting models of penetration rev and penetration rate are established.The higher the rock strength is,the lower the cutter penetration rev and penetration rate are;and their relationship can be expressed by power function.As the cutter penetration increases,the cutter head torque increases linearly.Thought checking the shield tunneling characteristics in the two strata,the shield tunneling performance is found higher in the mudstone,but higher torque value is required.However higher thrust force is required in the sandstone if the efficient excavation is to be acquired;and the required torque is lower than that in the mudstone.This can be attributed to higher strength of the sandstone and its shallow penetration of the disc cutters.


Rough set theory is a mathematical tool to deal with vagueness and uncertainty, but it lacks processing power of actual data and missing value. This paper proposed a model of cluster-based rough set, which solved problems in dealing with actual data and missing value, and then, we applies it to human-computer interaction, the difficulty of gesture interaction lies in the complexity and verisimilitude. Using this model, we found 5 unnecessary degrees of freedom for hand joints, that is, a kind of constraint of hand movement was found, the difficulties in the gesture was largely reduced.


Copyright © 2016, MEJDS. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Objective: The aim of this research was to consider social skills training, cognitive therapy and way of solving the problem of low mobility of Qom welfare by consolidation. Methods: Research samples was made of 200 disabled people from all parts of the Qom city (center of Iran) that 30 individuals were selected randomly. Samples divided to two groups (15 for control group and 15 for test group) at the age of 20–30 and high school education. They were in an institute under the responsibility of welfare. This method was half–examined and participants were taught in 10 sections each 120 minute for 75 days. Then we gathered information according to pre–examined–past examined plan in control group and implementation hardiness questionnaire Kubasa and Cassidy and Long problem solving procedures. Data were analyzed by covariance. Results: The results showed that Integrated teaching social skills and cognitive therapy increased psychological hardiness as well as increased problem–solving styles including (failure p<0.001, control p<0.001, creativity p<0.001, confidence p=0.005, style and light to avoid confrontation p=0.016 & p<0.001) were effective. Combined social skills training and cognitive–behavioral therapy for people with motor disabilities reduced their anxiety (especially social anxiety). It also led to increased stiffness (p<0.001), resistance and adaptation to their physical condition and improved problem solving skills. Conclusion: Blended learning social skills and cognitive–behavioral therapy is effective problem–solving and tenacity disability.


Abstract: The mitochondrial–nuclear interaction is essential for cellular homeostasis and proper function. DNA methylation plays an important role in gene expression regulation, as well as in maintaining genomic stability. Isonuclear-alloplasmic and isoplasmic-allonuclear lines were used as materials in this study. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) from maize tassels were used for DNA methylation analysis with high-performance liquid chromatography. The results were as follows. (i) Different mtDNA methylation levels were detected within the isoplasmic-allonuclear lines and varied nDNA methylation levels were also detected among the isonuclear-alloplasmic lines. (ii) From the pollen mother cell stage to the binucleate stage, the change pattern of DNA methylation levels varied among cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines CMS-C, CMS-T, and CMS-S (CMS Charrua, Texas, and USDA, respectively). The DNA methylation level peaked at the tetrad stage for the CMS-C line, at the mononuclear stage for the CMS-T line, and at the binucleate stage for the CMS-S line. Interestingly, the peaked periods for DNA methylation level just meet their critical abortive periods of CMS-C, CMS-T, and CMS-S lines. Finally, (iii) the change trends of methylation levels for both mtDNA and nDNA are highly consistent for every experimental material. Based on these results, we speculated that the epigenetic status affected by mitochondrial–nuclear interaction may be involved in the regulation of maize CMS.


Abstracts from the British Fertility Society Summer College, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, September 4 – 8, 2006s from the British Fertility Society Summer College, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, September 4 – 8, 2006


The invention discloses a broiler chicken cultivation method which comprises the following steps of setting up a shed, selecting feeds, feeding and managing chicken, and controlling environment temperature and humidity as well as diseases. The chicken fed by the method are strong in immunity, fast in growth speed, low in fat content, rich in various animal proteins and vitamins, and large in contents of the various animal proteins and vitamins, and the meat of the chicken is good in colour and lustre and fresh and tender in taste, and has no fishy smell.


The disease is often derived from microorganisms with many spreading of microorganisms
and one of them is spread by respiratory infection and mouth, extract ethanol gelugur (Garcinia
atroviridis) has been shown to contain phenolic compounds as antibacterial activity by previous
research with MIC values against Staphylococcus aureus 0.08% and 0.56% KBM Hence, this study
aims to formulate a hand gel sanitizer gelugur sour fruit ethanol extract for the prevention of
bacteria on the hands with hand sanitizer carbomer 940.Gel ethanol extract gelugursour fruit
(Garcinia atroviridis) formulated with different concentrations of the extract which is 4% and 5%.
Antibacterial testing method by using the method of diffusion wells.Hand gel sanitizer tested
physical properties, including viscosity test, organoleptic test, homogeneity test, and test the ph.The
results obtained from the measurement of the diameter of inhibition zone after formulated in hand
gel sanitizer have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. On hand sanitizer
gel with the addition of ethanol extract of fruit acids obtained gelugur4% inhibition zone of 9.00±
0.50 mm, hand sanitizer gel with the addition of ethanol extract of tamarind fruit gelugur 5%
obtained the highest inhibition zone of 12.33 ± 1.25 mm, at Positive controls have inhibitory of
0.6000 ± 0.168 mm, and the negative control did not have inhibitory toward staphylococcus aureus
bacteria.Good's organoleptis testing is formula 1 on hand gel sanitizer with 4% concentration of
the extract gelugur fruit.


This paper discusses the foraging strategy of animals whose presence steadily depletes a food resource. In particular, we consider when animals should switch from a patch they are depleting to another patch. We invented "switching rules," computer-simulated foraging bouts under these rules and matched computer distributions of the food in abandoned patches with actual resource depletion by the animals. The optimal switching rule as seen by the computer (that which gives maximum yield of food per animal energy invested) is also the rule which best fits the real distribution of "left-overs" when the patch is abandoned.


* Abbreviations:
 ACOG — : American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
 DCC — : delayed umbilical cord clamping
 ICC — : immediate cord clamping
 IVH — : intraventricular hemorrhage
 UCM — : umbilical cord milking

There are many potential benefits of delayed or deferred cord clamping (DCC) compared with immediate cord clamping (ICC).1 Increasing placental transfusion by DCC increases neonatal blood volume and improves transitional hemodynamics. DCC may also increase iron stores, reducing childhood anemia and increasing the transfer of stem cells, which may have antiinflammatory neurotropic and neuroprotective effects.

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) gives conditional support for a 30- to 60-second delay in umbilical cord clamping (DCC) for all preterm infants.2 To a great degree, the ACOG opinion piece was informed by the meta-analysis of Rabe et al,3 which analyzed the results from 15 eligible studies that enrolled 738 premature infants born between 24 and 36 weeks' gestation. DCC was associated with fewer infants needing transfusion for anemia or low blood pressure and less intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). However, no differences were noted in severe IVH, periventricular leukomalacia, mortality, or neurodevelopmental follow-up.

The ACOG opinion qualifies its support by noting that many aspects of DCC need additional study.2 Little is …

Address correspondence to Roger F. Soll, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05401. E-mail: roger.soll{at}uvmhealth.org


What do we know about transients in hydropower conduits? Hydropower conduits may be engineered to perform either unpressurized (free-surface) or pressurized (without free-surface). Not only regime transitions and two-phase flows, but also hydraulic transients with associated phenomena, such as fluid-structure interaction, unsteady friction, cavitation or mass oscillation imply strong limitations and uncertainty to water conduits design and operation. Engineers have to be able to identify, to distinguish and to assess the relevant phenomena not accounted for in classic hydraulics, as these may be the cause of ill-defined calculations and subsequent operation problems. Our mission as researchers on the engineering and technology field is to develop and provide the right tools to enhance and empower engineering designs.


By analyzing the cause of corrosion of lowtemperature position and high-temperature position of the third depressurization set of Lanzhou Petro-chemical Company,taking different measures according to different kinds of corrosion,to control the corrosion.


We thank Pisano and Campanile [1] for their comments on our recent papers [2–5]. The intention underlying Tokyo Guidelines 18 (TG18) is to provide recommendations for the optimal care of patients with acute cholangitis and cholecystitis based on a systematic review of the existing evidence, including the results of validation studies of TG13 and a Japan–Taiwan collaboration study that included over 11,000 patients. In response to the first comment, Yokoe et al. [4] included one main analysis and three sub-analyses. The main analysis was of the relationship between severity grade and 30-day mortality in 680 cases. One of the subanalyses was of the relationship between severity and cholecystectomy type regardless of 30-day mortality in 511 cases. Importantly, the cases for these analyses were sampled independently from the cohort of grade III cases (n = 768). Therefore, the "25% (169 out of 680)" of cases Pisano and Campanile note as being missing from the analyses is an incorrect interpretation of the study methods. In response to the second comment regarding Endo et al. [5], note that this was a retrospective, observational study of a heterogeneous cohort of patients with grade III acute cholecystitis, and that one of the study groups included both patients too sick for surgery and patients ineligible for surgery because of an institutional policy. Furthermore, the 30-day mortality of patients with grade III acute cholecystitis (4.13%) was more than tenfold greater than that of patients with grade I or II acute cholecystitis (0.25% and 0.37%, respectively). Therefore, wide application of primary laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the treatment of grade III acute cholecystitis may be detrimental to the safety of patients. In response to the third comment, the Charlson comorbidity index might include confounding factors to organ dysfunction; thus, some patient information might be counted twice in the severity score. Although this is a potentially important issue, perfect resolution of confounding biases is difficult in a retrospective, observational study. Uniand multivariate analyses have shown that jaundice is a major predictive factor of 30-day mortality in patients with grade III acute cholecystitis. When patients with concomitant bile duct stones (approximately 10% of grade III patients; unpublished data) were excluded from these analyses, jaundice remained as a negative prognostic factor. Jaundice is considered to be not only a sign of biliary obstruction but also a manifestation of severe cholestatic liver dysfunction in patients with sepsis. In response to the final comment, the exclusion criteria in Yokoe et al. [4] were "incomplete data collection in diagnostic criteria and unmatched diagnostic criteria" and "in severity assessment" (Figure 1), whereas those in Endo et al. [5] were "incomplete data collection in diagnostic criteria", "in severity assessment", and "in treatment for acute cholecystitis" (Figure 1). Thus, the study criteria in the two studies were different because in Yokoe et al., patients with unmatched diagnostic criteria were excluded, whereas in the study by Endo et al. these patients were included. We are pleased that Pisano and Campanile agree with Okamoto's [3] recommendation that difficult cases of acute cholecystitis should be referred to hospitals capable of providing up-to-date facilities and expertise. We would like to clarify that TG18 is intended as an international clinical practice guideline for ensuring patient safety rather than expanding surgical indications for acute cholecystitis at community hospitals. Finally, we appreciate the careful reading of our articles by Pisano and Campanile. As explained above, most of those were due to a lack of detailed explanations on I. Endo (✉) Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan e-mail: email@example.com


This national survey was aimed to explore current situations and trends of the use andinvestment of computerized information system in hospitals in Thailand. During July - September2004, a standardized questionnaire was sent to all hospitals by post and/or e-mail. At least 2 hospitalrepresentatives were asked to answer the questionnaire. A telephone follow-up call was made about2 weeks afterward. The response rate was 38.68 percent which accounting for 504 hospitals. It wasfound that the information system of 88.49 percent of the hospitals had been computerized. Themajor applications were in improving administrative works, especially reimbursement calculation,and reporting. Cost, lacking of personnal, as well as limited supporting system hampered its fulldevelopment. There was no regulating machanism for the selection and implementation of computerizedinformation system. Hospitals had been depending on their own judgement and financialcapacity to choose a system from currently available 44 alternatives. The most popularly usedcomputer programs were "Stat/Dispense" (17%), "MitNet" (9%), self-developed systems (8%),"Hospital Information (HI)" (5%), and "Thiades" (4%). At least 1,235 million baht have beeninvested in hospital computerization for hardware (844 million baht), software (238 million baht),and peopleware (254 million baht). The mean and median investments on the system per hospitalwere 3.87 and 1.58 million baht, respectively, with increasing trends in recent years. Key words : computerized information system, survey, investment


This paper argues that Leavis made a significant contribution to the philosophy of language while declaring himself an 'anti-philosopher' ('which is what a literary critic ought to be'). The author tries to reconcile these positions by use of the coinage 'anti-philosophical philosophy', recognising an inherent strain in the issues themselves. Leavis's distinction as a literary critic (the greatest of modern times, it is argued) is bound up with his 'use' of a language to talk about its own possibilities: possibilities that are cognate with the 'creativity of perception' itself (his phrase), and with the nature of all knowing and being.


An effort is made in the present investigation to develop a scale to examine the entrepreneurial behaviour among the students who were in the final year of their basic degree in different farm universities of Karnataka state. The developed scale consists of 35 statements categorised under seven important dimensions. The total final year agriculture students in farm universities in Karnataka during 2019-20 were around 1200, but the scale was administrated to 50 final year students in the College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore (UAS(B)) during 2019-20. The developed entrepreneurial behaviour scale was found to be highly reliable and valid. It was found that around two –fifth of students (38.00 %) were having medium entrepreneurial behaviour. Original Research Article Sanketh et al.; AJAEES, 38(10): 63-69, 2020; Article no.AJAEES.62158 64


Somatostatin is a potent inhibitor of bile secretion. The peptide may be used in severely bile depleted patients for reducing their serious electrolyte and acidity problems. Analysis of bile acid composition by HPLC is well suited for further investigations of the regulatory mechanisms of bile acid secretion.


This article explores the English and transliterated signs in the linguistic landscape of Peshawar. A total of 900 signs were selected out of 5000 signs collected from 36 different locations across the city. Sign locations were further categorized as rural, urban/semi-urban, and posh. The study also included twenty-one interviews with citizens featuring shopkeepers, students, teachers, waiters, and sign-writers. Informed by the signage, public perceptions, and policy documents, the study provides fresh insights into the study of English in the LL as a marker of socioeconomic status. More importantly, the Urduized transliterations suggest not only a glocalised form of language but a linguistic phenomenon indirectly proportional to the social class of the inhabitants where the signs occur.


This article begins with a brief overview of the psychological research on the pedagogical efficacy of questions and describes how recent research has led to a reevaluation of the role of questions within the framework of a theoretical model of discourse comprehension processes and knowledge representation. A computer-based tutor for reading comprehension under development by our research team is described. The tutor uses an interactive books interface to present a structured sequence of questions to elicit summaries from young readers. The students receive feedback on content coverage by means of Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). The questions in the tutor are based on the principled guidelines presented in the final section of this article.


Donald H. Silberberg, MD T h e rapid scientific advances of today and tomorrow build on past accomplishments (figure l), such as those of Bechterev, who helped to establish the role of the basal ganglia in movement; Bernstein, who developed the concept of the "neuron circles" that organize the basal ganglia; Carlsson, who discovered basal ganglia dopamine depletion in parkinsonism; and Cotzias, who brought replacement therapy to reality. Many of the future directions in neuroscience will be applicable to parkinsonism, the topic of this symposium. Work now being done to understand the genetic control of normal and disordered developmental and synthetic processes will permit identification of key chemical steps and thus lead to treatment. For example, the isolation of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene led to the discovery of dystrophin and now to trials of gene therapy directed at replacing dystrophin. Characterization of the Huntington's disease gene h a s led to the possibility of presymptomatic diagnosis, and


The present invention, through manipulation of yhcRQP operons encoding a family of efflux proteins, provides a method for increasing the production of aromatic carboxylic acid from the host cell. Additionally upregulation of all or a subset of genes in yhcRQP has been found to increase the resistance to the toxicity of the aromatic carboxylic acid.


Because of its superior properties, stainless steel has been widely used for many applications. Nonmetallic inclusions can influence the quality of stainless steel products. A set of samples was used to track the response of inclusion composition during processing of a heat of titanium-bearing 18% chromium steel, from deoxidation after decarburization, to the solidified slab. The oxide inclusions responded as expected to additions of deoxidizers and calcium treatment, changing from silica to alumina and spinels, and then to calcium aluminates. The samples confirmed that titanium nitride can nucleate on liquid calcium aluminate during steel solidification.


We generalise Sidel'nikov's theorem from binary codes to $q$ -ary codes for $q>2$ . Denoting by $A(z)$ the cumulative distribution function attached to the weight distribution of the code and by $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}(z)$ the standard normal distribution function, we show that $|A(z)-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}(z)|$ is bounded above by a term which tends to $0$ when the code length tends to infinity.


Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been intensively used to investigate the surface morphology of CaF2 films. The atomic steps of CaF2 grown on tilted Si substrates are observed to bunch up during growth, which leads to the formation of large, atomically flat plateaus separated by polyatomic steps. Both the shape and the size of those steps strongly depend upon the misorientation direction of the Si substrate. Quantitative AFM analysis indicates that the size of the plateaus on the CaF2 surface grown on Si substrates tilted towards the [112] azimuth is about eight times smaller than the size of those grown on a Si substrate tilted towards the opposite direction (the [112] azimuth). Smaller plateaus on the CaF2 surface are observed to result in smaller twins which are more easily suppressed if proper growth conditions are chosen. High resolution scanning electron microscopy has also been employed to study the surface of GaAs films grown on CaF2/Si(111) substrates with different misorientation directions....


As the use of machine l arning techniques in IR increases, the need for a sound empirical methodology for collecting ud assessing users' opinions "relevance feedback" becomes critical to the evaluation of system performance. In IR the typical assessment procedure relies upon the opinion of a single individual, an "expert" in the corpus' domain of discourse. Apart from the logistical dit~ulties of gethefieg multiple opinions, whether any one, "omnlmcent" individual is capable of providing reliable a.t. about he appm~ate s t of documents o be reUievod remains a foundational issue within IR. "l~is paper responds to such critiques with a new methodology for collecting relevance assessments that combines evidence from mulitple human judges. RAVe is a suite of software routines that allow an IR experlmeuter to effectively collect large numbers of relevance assessments for an arb/trary document corpus. paper sketches our assumptions about he cognitive activity of the providing relvance assessments, and the design issues involved in: identifying the documents to be eval~3_ed; allocating subjects' time to provide the most infommtive assessments; and aggregating multiple users' opinions into a binary predicate of "relevut." Finally, we present lnel/ml-my a,t, gathen~ by RAVe from subjects. Introduction The evaluation of information retrieval OR) system performance has long been recognized as a notoriously difficult feature of research in the area. Chief among the causes is the field's difficulty in adequately defining "relevance," the conslnu:t by which retrieved documents are judged as successful responses to a users query. As the use of machine l arning techniques in IR increases, particularly those depending on "relevance feedback," the need for a sound empirical basis for collecting and assessing users' opinions becomes ven more acute. Until quite recently, the conventional IR research methodology depended heavily on a small set of corpora for which "relevance assessments" were ava/lable. While the procedures by which these assessments were obtained have often been unclear, typical assessment procedures relied upon the opinion of a single individual: an "expert" in the corpus' domain of discourse is identified, presented with a series of query/document pairs, and then asked to determine whether the document was or was not relevant to that query. Speunred in part by the need for larger test collections, recent years have seen the development of new methodologies for relevance assessment [I-Iarman, 1993]. Because the collections are so large, however, getting even a single relevance assessment has been an expensive and timeconsnmlng activity. Once again, therefore, the tacit assnmption has necessarily been that a single expert can be trusted to provide refiable relevance assessments. Apaxt from the logistical difficulties, whether any one, "omnlscent" individual is capable of providing reliable 4~t~ about th___e appropriate set of documents to be retrieved From: AAAI Technical Report SS-96-05. Compilation copyright © 1996, AAAI (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. remains a foundational issue within IR. For example, a nmnber of papers in a recent special issue of IASIS devoted to relevance advocated a move towards a more "usercentered," "situational," view of relevance [Proehlich, 1994]. This paper responds to such critiques with a new methodology for collecting relevance assessments that combines evidence from muliqTle human judges. A new suite of software tools are also presented that facilitate relevance assessment. The definin~ characteristic of this methodology is that rather than having relevance be a Boolean determination made by a single, omnlscent expert, we will consider it to be a conaenmal central tendancy of the searching users' opiniona. The relevance assessments of individual users and the resulting central tendancy of relevance is suggested by the fonow~ dia~m~ Consentually Reh tnt


Overall construction of a more advanced and more harmonious welloff society is closely associated with modern industralization which is an inevitable choice and important basis for the realization of overall construction of a more advanced and more harmonious welloff society. Modern industralization promotes overall construction of welloff society in respects of rationalizing the structure of production, the structure of development and coordinating the structure of economy.


As far as theatre education is concerned, Austria offers a variety of forms of experience – artistically, socially and pedagogically. In what follows five authors from different backgrounds in theatre education will attempt to illustrate this landscape. This report has been quite a challenging process as the authors came together without any prior extensive discussion on the topic and also had to express themselves in a foreign language. Some of the authors are well-known in the Austrian landscape of Performative Arts and Pedagogy; others were invited to participate in this project and comment from a non-Austrian position. The observations from a non-Austrian perspective are highly appreciated and underline the necessity of further systematic development in the area Performing Arts and Pedagogy in Austria, for example by designing both short and long-term courses for theatre pedagogues who wish to develop professional expertise in specific areas. Each section of this report has been written by another person. The authors' different and partly also overlapping perspectives give the readers a first impression of the complex Austrian Performative Arts and Pedagogy landscape. All of the authors are experienced in the field of teaching drama and theatre; their perspectives are based on personal experience within ...


True bifurcation lesions are challenging in some special populations like patients with heavily calcified vessels, unprotected left main, and thrombus-containing lesions. Multiple inflations are known to increase the incidence of no-reflow/slow-flow (NR/SL) during primary PCI. The ideal bifurcation stenting strategy during primary PCI is still obscure. Some studies have shown some benefits for deferred stenting in primary PCI but still this area needs more evidence.
 In our study, we compared deferred stenting for the side branch during primary PCI versus the complete bifurcation stenting strategy during primary PCI.

 This is prospective observational study included patients who presented with STEMI due to true bifurcation culprit lesion amenable for two stents technique. Group one included patients with provisional stenting and deferred side branch stenting before hospital discharge. Group two included patients with complete two stents bifurcation technique during primary PCI. The technique used was according to operator discretion while patients with immediate indications for two stents strategy during the primary setting were excluded from our study.
 The primary outcome was MACE till hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included angiographic outcomes by the end of the bifurcation technique.

 A total of 60 patients met our inclusion criteria, mean age (58.69±9.61), 31.2% women. Twenty-six patients received deferred stenting for side branch, and 34 received complete two stents bifurcation strategy at the primary PCI setting. MACE to hospital discharge was lower in the deferred stenting group without significant difference (21.62% vs 23.64%, P>0.01] compared with the two-stenting approach during primary PCI.
 Group I (deferred stenting) had significantly superior angiographic outcomes than group II. As regards TIMI II-III flow, 86.2% of patients achieved it in both main vessel and side branch versus 51.1% in group II, CTFC was 8.1 versus 9.6, and in group I, 78% of patients achieved TMPG II-III, compared to 56.7% in group II.

 Deferred stenting for side branch in primary PCI achieved superior angiographic outcomes in the treatment of true bifurcation lesions. However, there was no significant difference in MACE between both strategies.


There are numerous reasons to study modifications of general relativity and the Standard Model of particle physics, ranging from modelling inflation to exploring galaxy rotation curves and the nature of dark matter. Here we study the most general linear theory of electromagnetism, which admits vacuum birefringence, and derive weak gravitational field equations for the underlying area metric spacetime geometry. We discuss the weak gravitational field sourced by a point mass in an area metric spacetime and find first order corrections to the linearized Schwarzschild metric of general relativity.


Richard Lehman is a general practitioner, gardener and polymath who lives near Banbury in Oxfordshire. Those of us who are lucky enough to be in his address book receive each week, by e-mail, his own personal digest of all the main weekly American and British medical journals. Richard's summaries of all the latest research articles are embellished with literary, historical, and scriptural allusions, as well as his own very strong opinions concerning the merits or otherwise of the research papers themselves. Every one of these ends with a description of 'plant of the week', giving him a chance on occasion to make some links between topical scientific issues and seasonal gardening ones.

One of his recent summaries covered a big clinical review of oral antiplatelet therapy which showed that good old-fashioned aspirin, originating from the bark of the willow tree, was still the front runner. Presumably in celebration of this, he declared the weeping willow to be his plant of the week, and offered his readers two illustrative quotations: By the waters of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we remembered Zion. We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof For there they that carried us away captive required of us a song …                     Psalm 137 The poore Soule sat singing by a Sicamour tree, Sing all a greene Willough: Her hand on her bosome, her head on her knee, Sing …


Stress hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) play a key role in immune response of plants infected by various pathogens. Analysis of the activity of proteinase inhibitors (PI) being a marker of systemic induced resistance in various organs of the tomato plant when processing by JA and SA has been done. It has been shown that the highest activity in the leaves of PI during infection root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is observed in the processing of JA. On the other hand SA and its combination with JA reduce the activity of inhibitors in the roots of infected plants what may be associated with an increase of the resistance of plants and less penetration of nematodes in the roots.


We will revise Garnier-Okamoto's coalescent diagram of isomonodromic deformations and give a complete coalescent diagram. In our viewpoint, we have ten types of isomonodromic deformations and two of them give the same type of the Painlev\'e equation. We can naturally put the thirty-fourth Painleve equation in our diagram, which corresponds to the Flaschka-Newell form of the second Painlev\'e equation.


Vibration characteristics of a flying head slider in hard disk drives in proximity and asperity contact regimes attract much attention because head-disk spacing must be decreased to less than 1 nm in order to increase recording density. This study first elucidates head-disk interfacial (HDI) force as a function of static head spacing based on rough surface adhesion contact models and air-bearing force model. Then, selecting the most presumable surface force model which has a static unstable region at a thin lubricant thickness, microwaviness (MW)-excited vibrations of a single-degree-of-freedom slider model was simulated by the 4-th order Runge-Kutta method. It was found that the slider snaps-into a contact state from a proximity spacing state but the slider snaps-out to a flying state when the static head spacing is further decreased by increasing heater power. When MW amplitude is large, a drastically large spacing variation which contains various frequency components of less than 100 kHz appears in this unstable region. The spacing variation cannot be reduced to an allowable level even when the static unstable region disappears unless the minimum slider resonance is greater than about 100 kHz. It is discussed that these calculated results can explain the mechanisms of some experimental evidences reported in prior papers.


Based on known physical principle methods, experiments in integrating available sensors for moisture measurement into a SP-forage harvesters were made. Besides basic laboratory tests on the suitability of the sensors in determining moisture content in organic materials, additional field experiments were carried out, which made it possible to directly compare various systems.


Low-cost and highly electroactive nickel-based materials are the important electrodes for the development of supercapacitors. The precise modulation of the morphology and microstructure has been a crucial measure to further...


Relapse of subacute bacterial endocarditis following penicillin therapy has been observed in some patients with all dosage regimens thus far adopted for general use. A significant reduction in the frequency of relapse has been accomplished in recent years by employing larger doses of penicillin and by extending the duration of treatment to six or more weeks. The refractory cases now encountered are frequently those in which the infection is caused by organisms highly resistant to penicillin, notably enterococci. In other cases, in which the organisms are quite sensitive to penicillin in vitro, relapse following the administration of penicillin is not readily attributable to a property of the infecting bacterial population but is generally ascribed to the nature of the lesion or to a deficiency in the resistance mechanisms of the particular host. Recent observations on the combined action of penicillin and streptomycin on Enterococcus in vitro, together with the favorable


The research is based on the idea of agile testing, taking the "order cancelled" module of an e-commerce website as an application case, this study is devoted to exploring a feasible and scientific agile testing framework of four quadrants to form an anticlockwise closed loop for guiding the software agile testing process. Furthermore, further work is put forward to establish of a special defect management database for bug definition and analysis, and build the particular test process models for each quadrant of this agile testing framework gradually.


Corporate political activity (CPA) is one of the most prolific academic literatures which examines the political behaviors of corporations. CPA researchers often define it as a non-market strategy which corporations can engage in to influence political outcomes that complement their market objectives. In this paper I argue that, despite continuous theoretical development, CPA has not kept pace with changes in the political role and behaviors of corporations, particularly multinational corporations (MNCs), which has resulted in an inaccurate view of the corporate political environment. Therefore, CPA theory ought to be updated to be more descriptively and theoretically accurate.


College Counselors,as the most intimate educator of college students should undertake the psychological health education.So,the counselors should improve the overall quality to be a qualified listener on the education said above.Thus,College Counselors must learn for students to create safe environment,taste their passions,pay close attention to their cognitive,and respect their opinions to save the students on their healthy growth together with professional counselors and parents


A dual D-type photonic crystal fiber (PCF) was proposed in this work to measure the refractive index and temperature of seawater. Two golden layers were designed to be coated on the two polished planes in the dual D-type PCF. Two confinement loss peaks in the transmission spectrum appeared due to the surface plasmon resonances which were inspired on the two golden layers. In order to achieve two-parameter sensing, one of the two polished planes was further coated with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer which was temperature-sensitive. Seawater was assumed to be coated on the outer surface of the PCF. Numerical results by using the finite element method showed that the measurement sensitivity of the refractive index of seawater reached 1371 and 1228 nm/RIU, while the measurement sensitivity of temperature reached −0.3 and −1.06 nm/ °C, respectively. Finally, we obtained the transfer matrix expression which could be used to measure the refractive index and temperature of seawater simultaneously. The designed dual D-type PCF, which is simple in structure, highly sensitive and two-parameter measuring, could be a promising candidate for the monitoring of seawater.


Objective:To investigate the distribution and drug resistance analysis of gram-negative bacterium in intensive care unit,so as to help physicians to choose reasonable antibiotics.Methods: All the samples from intensive care unit from 2007 to 2009,such as sputum,blood,secretion,urine,sharp of venous catheter and drainage solution,were cultured and tested.Then the drug susceptibility test and ESBLs test of E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was carried out.Results: About 313 lines of gram-negative bacteriums were separated,the detection rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,E.coli,baumanii,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterobacter cloacae,stenotrophomonas maltophilia,were 23.0%,17.6%,14.7%,13.7%,9.6%,8.0%,respectively.About 70.9% lines of bacteriums are from sputum samples.Imipenem has direct effect on all gram-negative bacteriums except stenotrophomonas maltophilia.Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is sensitive to ceftazidime,cefperazone-sulbactam,levofloxacin,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.ESBLs-positive E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were about 58.2 % and 46.5 %.The resistance rate of ESBLs-positive bacteriums lines is higher than that of ESBLs-negative lines.All lines are sensitive to imipenem.Cefperazone-sulbactam and TZP are effective than that of other cephalosporins when they are applied to ESBLs-positive bacteriums.Conclusion: The infection of gram-negative bacteriums in intensive care unit is severe.Imipenem has direct effect on all gram-negative bacteriums except stenotrophomonas maltophilia.This results can help the physicians to choose reasonable drugs,so as to control the infection in hospital.


References to Egypt in Roman landscape painting, often associated with "Egyptomania" in the wake of the battle of Actium or even with colonialist discourse in this political context, have been explained with the penchant for exotica characteristic of those times. But in fact the Nilotic landscapes seem to hark back to a tradition far older than the Roman conquest of Egypt. Their dreamlike atmosphere and themes, not unlike sacroidyllic imagery, suggest, moreover, that their symbolic import is richer and more complex than has previously been thought; the fact that they persist down to the Early Christian period, in contexts evoking paradise on earth, points in the same direction. Indeed, several literary passages demonstrate the significance of Egypt in Greek and Roman imagination. For Plato, this is the land of wisdom, the "museum of knowledge"; gradually it is transformed, through Lagid propaganda, into a veritable Holy Land of heathen belief, a symbol of well-being and fertility, but also of enlightened royalty. Such qualities as well as certain physical characteristics of this region explain why it embodied the faraway, exotic lands where the Isles of the Blessed were held to be. A comparison between some typical Egyptianising landscapes and utopian descriptions of different "dream lands", in particular those transmitted by Diodorus, yields many thematic similiarities and analogies, common stereotypes and general ambiance. In both art and literature, Egypt is the point of departure for a voyage to a fantastic "better world". In this sense, it acts as the passage from topia to utopia.


In the present paper, an index is proposed for belt conveyors that represents the evaluation of the overall functional/design efficiency by considering both energy and service performance. To obtain index value, energy consumption data that are extracted from a detailed energy analysis of the examined conveyor are correlated to service performance data derived from the analysis of material handling capability of the conveyor within the context of the set operational requirements and functional conditions. The proposed index is exemplified through a case study of a simple inclined belt conveyor for which a detailed energy consumption model is developed. Different technical specifications and operational conditions are tested. The proposed approach proves that the index depicts adequately the effect of any design solution or operational decision to the overall efficiency of the conveyor.


【Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture strength of the zirconia monolithic all-ceramic crowns according to the thickness (0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1.1mm) and metal-ceramic crowns (1.0mm, 1.5mm) Material and method: Twelve crowns for each of 3 zirconia crown groups were fabricated using CAD/CAM system (Kavo, Germany) and twelve crowns for each of 2 metal-ceramic crown groups were made by the conventional method. All crowns were luted to the metal dies using resin cement. Half of the specimens were exposed to thermocycling ( $5-55^{\circ}C$ , 1 Hz) and cyclic loading (300,000 cycles, 50N). Subsequently, all crowns were mounted on the testing jig in a universal testing machine. The load was directed at the center of crown with perpendicular to the long axis of each specimen until catastrophic failure occurred. Analysis of variance and Tukey multiple comparison test (P】


The present paper studies the effect of the diameter of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on mechanical properties of SWCNTs reinforced epoxy resin composites. Bulk atomistic models of epoxy resinSWCNTs with different compositions were built and were subject of an extensive multistage equilibration procedure. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to estimate glass transition temperature (Tg) and Young's modulus of epoxy resin and epoxy resin/SWCNTs composites. The Young's moduli generally increased with increasing of SWCNTs content and values range from 1.83 GPa in the case of pure epoxy resins to 3.21 GPa for epoxy resin/SWCNTs (8,8) composite system. Overall, the agreement between predicted values of the material properties and experimental data in the literature is satisfactory.


The problem of manipulating objects cooperatively for multi-link multi-degree of freedom space manipulator is very challenging because of the multisource disturbances, including nonlinear coupling, model uncertainties, and external disturbances. To solve this issue, a composite hierarchical control strategy is proposed, which has two layers. In inner layer, uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) is employed to estimate the composite uncertainty that comprises the effect of multisource disturbances and compensate for it, producing the decoupled system. Furthermore, taking the error in UDE estimation into consideration, the chattering–eliminating sliding mode control is designed to suppress it in the outer layer. However, the obtained controller requires the measurement of joint velocities apart from joint positions. To address this issue, a robust velocity observer that employs the UDE-estimated uncertainty is proposed. The notable feature of the proposed design is that it requires neither accurate plant model nor any information about the uncertainty. Also, the design requires only joint position measurements for its implementation. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the composite hierarchical controller, the simulations of a planar dual-arm manipulator system and the comparisons of the proposed method with the other existing designs are presented.


We perform the first direct capacitance measurements of silicon nanowires (Si-NWs) and the determination of field carrier mobilities (for both electrons and holes) and their NW size dependence in undoped-channel Si-NW field-effect transistors (FETs) at room temperature. We use a two-FET method for accurate extraction of the intrinsic channel resistance and capacitance of the Si-NWs. The devices used in this study were fabricated using a top-down method to create Si-NW FETs with up to 1000 wires in parallel for increasing the raw capacitance while maintaining excellent control on device dimensions and series resistance. We then study and compare the NW mobility values with those of the known universal mobility curves for bulk silicon.


It is difficult to construct a data collection including all possible combinations of human actions and interacting objects due to the combinatorial nature of human-object interactions (HOI). In this work, we aim to develop a transferable HOI detector for unseen interactions. Existing HOI detectors often treat interactions as discrete labels and learn a classifier according to a predetermined category space. This is inherently inapt for detecting unseen interactions which are out of the predefined categories. Conversely, we treat independent HOI labels as the natural language supervision of interactions and embed them into a joint visual-and-text space to capture their correlations. More specifically, we propose a new HOI visual encoder to detect the interacting humans and objects, and map them to a joint feature space to perform interaction recognition. Our visual encoder is instantiated as a Vision Transformer with new learnable HOI tokens and a sequence parser to generate unique HOI predictions. It distills and leverages the transferable knowledge from the pretrained CLIP model to perform the zero-shot interaction detection. Experiments on two datasets, SWIG-HOI and HICO-DET, validate that our proposed method can achieve a notable mAP improvement on detecting both seen and unseen HOIs. Our code is available at https://github.com/scwangdyd/promting_hoi.


As our editorial team completes its first year of receiving manuscripts, we believe it would be helpful to reflect upon and share answers to the most frequently asked questions regarding publication goals and processes at AMJ. During the recent Academy meetings in Honolulu, we individually participated in many symposia and consortia fo-cusing on publication policies at AMJ and other journals. In comparing notes, we realized that there is considerable overlap among the questions asked and explored during these various sessions. In addition , we realized that we have made a number of recent changes to Journal policies and operations that are not yet widely recognized. As such, it seems a good time to touch base with readers, reviewers , and both published and prospective authors about AMJ's mission, aspirations, policies, and operations. We begin by reiterating AMJ's mission , from which most of our other policies and practices flow. What Is AMJ's Mission? AMJ's mission, updated in 2004, is this: " to publish empirical research that tests, extends, or builds management theory and contributes to management practice. All empirical methods—including, but not limited to, qualitative, quantitative, field, laboratory, and combination methods—are welcome. To be published in AMJ, a manuscript must make strong empirical and theoretical contributions and highlight the significance of those contributions to the management field. Thus, preference is given to submissions that test, extend, or build strong theoretical frameworks while empirically examining issues with high importance for management theory and practice. AMJ is not tied to any particular discipline, level of analysis, or national context. " Is AMJ a " Micro " Journal, a " Macro " Journal, or Both? AMJ is clearly micro and macro in both mission and content. As a " big tent " journal with readers spanning multiple areas of management, we are committed to publishing articles with a broad range of appeal and impact. Furthermore, we seek to publish articles in the domain of every division inside the Academy of Management. Given this commitment, we have undertaken a number of investigations to see if there has been systematic bias in our publications in any direction. Rynes's (2005) " From the Editors " column revealed that in 2002–04, approximately half the articles published were micro and the other half macro (as assessed via levels of analysis). A similar analysis by Marshall Schminke and Marie Mitchell (2003) covering earlier (but much longer) periods of time …


A common method of debugging cutting tool and calcuating the offset errors of tools is introduced. A new method of aligning and calculating the value of offset error of a newly fixed tool by using any of the tools with known offset errors when the based tool isn't in presence,which has no influence to the tools with known offset errors,has been put forward.


Abstract Using a general method for deriving identities for random variables, we find a number of new results involving characteristic functions and generating functions. The method is simply to promote a parameter in an integral relation to the status of a random variable and then take expected values of both sides of the equation. Results include formulas for calculating the characteristic functions for x 2, √x, 1/x, x 2 + x, R 2 = x 2 + y 2, and so forth in terms of integral transforms of the characteristic functions for x and (x, y), and so forth. Generalizations to higher dimensions can be obtained using the same method. Expressions for inverse/fractional moments, E{n!}, and so forth are also presented, demonstrating the method.


In this paper we propose a novel approach to obtain the predictive density of global GDP growth. It hinges upon a bottom-up probabilistic model that estimates and combines single countries' predictive GDP growth densities, taking into account cross-country interdependencies. Speci?cally,
we model non-parametrically the contemporaneous interdependencies across the United States,
the euro area, and China via a conditional kernel density estimation of a joint distribution. Then, we characterize the potential ampli?cation e?ects stemming from other large economies in each region—also with kernel density estimations—and the reaction of all other economies with para-metric assumptions. Importantly, each economy's predictive density also depends on a set of observable country-speci?c factors. Finally, the use of sampling techniques allows us to aggregate individual countries' densities into a world aggregate while preserving the non-i.i.d. nature of the global GDP growth distribution. Out-of-sample metrics con?rm the accuracy of our approach.


Abstract Numerical experimentation with various finite difference formulations of a particular set of differential equations incorporating a map scale factor indicates that the stability of the calculations is as dependent upon the manner in which the map factor is introduced as the form in which the dynamic terms of the equations are written.


The growth rate of periwinkle, Tympanotonus fuscatus was studied at Elechi Creek and Aluu Section of the New Calabar River, Port Harcourt. Juvenile size of the periwinkle, which ranged between 11.0 and 17.5 mm, were stocked at the two sites and monitored bimonthly for a period of five months. In addition, some water quality parameters namely salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, were measured at Aluu section. The results from the Elechi Creek indicated an increase of 8.6 mm for size range 11.0 mm, 9.2 mm for size range 14.0 mm and 7.0 mm for size range 17.0 mm in five months. One hundred percent motility was observed at Aluu, due probably to the low level of salinity prevalent at the station all year round.


Summary Aim: This study aimed to summarise our recent clinical experience with children and adolescents selected for heart transplantation with a focus on morbidity and mortality during the waiting time. Methods: This was a single centre, retrospective study of all consecutive patients listed for heart transplantation between 1994 and 2008 who were less than 20 years old. Clinical parameters, ECG, echocardiography and catheter data as well as duration and complications of mechanical circulatory support, were reviewed from the date of listing to the date of transplantation or death. Results: The study population consisted of 20 patients with a median age at the time of listing of 13.8


The authors propose to use glycidyl methacrylate and lauryl methacrylate copolymers to provide the cotton fabric surface with superhydrophobic properties. The modification was carried out by immersion of cotton fabric in solutions of copolymers in methylethylketone and following heat treatment at 140°C. Stability of the superhydrophobic state of polymer coatings is studied during long-term contact with droplets of water and aqueous acidic, alkaline and salt solutions under saturated vapor conditions. Under the conditions of high humidity and absence of contact with the external environment, a low drop evaporation rate is ensured, which allows to trace the long-term change of the contact angle of the sessile drop. The mechanism of stability of superhydrophobic properties is discussed. Polymer coatings that are based on the glycidyl methacrylate and lauryl methacrylate block copolymer provide better stability of superhydrophobic properties compared with the random copolymer. It is shown that modification of...