Germany offers numerous examples of memorial museums, although beyond Berlin they are poorly represented in recent studies of the phenomenon. In studying the development of the Torgau Documentation and Information Centre in provincial Saxony, the article seeks to promote a more complex understanding of institutionalized remembrance in contemporary Germany. It argues for a closer look at the agency of East and West Germans and at the relationship between the Nazi and communist pasts. In particular, it considers dilemmas posed by depicting the history of Soviet internment camps in postwar eastern Germany, where former Nazi officials and bystanders and opponents of communist rule all became victims of Soviet mistreatment. The article raises key issues for the practice and study of memorial museums. It considers the difficulties of addressing multiple, interconnected histories within a single institution and the near impossibility of satisfying diverse and divided communities of memory. It also explores problems associated with the combination of historical documentation and morally grounded commemoration of victims that constitutes memorial museums' defining characteristic. It suggests that curators, administrators and scholars need to reflect upon, and weigh up the competing demands of moral certainty and historical complexity.


Formation flight of low-cost microsatellites is a method for replacing larger, high-cost, individual satellites in future space missions. In establishing and maintaining the formation, each satellite has to perform both rotational and translational maneuvers. The state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) method of nonlinear regulation is used to control the positions and attitudes of a leader-follower (LF) satellite pair in a geosynchronous orbit. A six-degrees-of -freedom simulation of the earth, leader satellite and follower satellite is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller.


Three algorithms for the retrieval of soil moisture content (SMC) from MetOp-ASCAT acquisitions have been developed and compared. This activity has been carried out in the framework of the ASCAT Round Robin exercise that was supported by ESA as a part of the Climate Change Initiative Phase 1 Soil Moisture Project. The algorithms have been developed and tested using the ASCAT Round Robin data package (ASCAT – RRDP) that was distributed among the partners of the project for developing and validating the algorithms and that was composed by a selection of 150 test sites derived from the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) was used. The locations of the in situ soil moisture measurements used for the Round Robin represent a wide range of climate conditions, covering a wide variety of vegetation types and vegetation density classes.


Intermetallic alloys on the base of Ni3Al and NiAl phases belong to the new class of challenging casting structural materials. Application of Ni3Al-based materials allows increasing the service life of parts by 3—4 times, working temperatures of turbine inlet gas by 50—100 °C, reducing the mass of turbines and, as a consequence, increasing their specific thrust and efficiency. The wide application of alloys on Ni3Al base in industry requires the development of technological processes of producing permanent joints, including method of brazing, as the alloys, containing a high percent of γ′-phase, are referred to the class of hard-to-weld ones due to possible crack formation. At present, the nickel brazing filler alloys (BFA), containing silicon and boron as depressants, are used for brazing high-temperature high-alloy nickel alloys, thus leading to formation of brittle phases (silicides, borides) in joints, having a negative influence on fatigue life. Their elimination is connected with long-time conditions of heat treatment or almost impossible. The present work shows the possibility of application of eutectic BFA on nickel base, not containing boron and silicon. The results of metallographic examinations and X-ray spectral microanalysis of brazed joints of intermetallic alloys on the base of γ′-phase (Ni3Al) are given. Shown are the morphological peculiarities of structure formation of brazed joints, produced by high-temperature vacuum brazing and BFA on base of Ni—Cr—Zr and Ni—Co—Cr—W—Mo—Al—Nb—B systems. 7 Ref., 3 Tables, 15 Figures.


The impact of UV laser irradiation on the distribution of lithium ions in ferroelectric lithium niobate single crystals has been numerically modelled. Strongly absorbed UV radiation at wavelengths of 244–305 nm produces steep temperature gradients which cause lithium ions to migrate and result in a local variation of the lithium concentration. In addition to the diffusion, here the pyroelectric effect is also taken into account which predicts a complex distribution of lithium concentration along the c-axis of the crystal: two separated lithium deficient regions on the surface and in depth. The modelling on the local lithium concentration and the subsequent variation of the coercive field are used to explain experimental results on the domain inversion of such UV treated lithium niobate crystals.


Relevance of study. Starting of the medium voltage synchronous machine at standstill is one of the main problems in the operation of unregulated synchronous electric drives. The optimal solution is starting the excited synchronous machine fed by the thyristor statical frequency converter. A sensorless control of the statical frequency converter for thyristor switching of load-commutated inverter to functions of synchronous machine angular rotor position in the area of zero and low speed, has not yet received a clear solution.

The purpose of this study is the design of the sensorless control method for the thyristor statical frequency converter at the synchronous machine startup under conditions of angular acceleration uncertainty.

Materials and methods. Methods of theory of electrical machines and computer mathematical simulation are used in the study.

Results of the study. The regularity between the angular rotor position and the non-conductive phase stator voltage of the synchronous machine is determined. The rotor rotation angle of the synchronous machine is defined as the ratio of the conductive state duration of the thyristor arm pair of the load-commutated inverter to the period determined from the non-conductive phase stator voltage of the synchronous machine. The sensorless control method is based on simultaneous operation of scalar control, indirect angular rotor position determination and cross-control channels. The proposed sensorless control method is tested by computer mathematical simulation of the system «thyristor statical frequency converter –synchronous machine».

Findings. The application of the considered control method was found for commercially available medium voltage thyristor frequency converters of EKRA Ltd. The considered method can be used for the sensorless control of frequency converter by different topology.


Background: WHO defines Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as "the ability of a microorganism to stop an antimicrobial from working against it". The Global burden includes increased morbidity, prolonged illness and a higher mortality rate, along with economic burden. The cause can be tracked down to irrational usage of antibiotics and lack of awareness of rational prescribing practices.Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based observational study was carried out using a standard pre-validated questionnaire, which was administered to all the medical doctors present in their respective departments during the study period, exploring their knowledge regarding rational antibiotic usage, their attitudes and awareness towards AMR. Informed consent from the participants was obtained verbally, and confidentiality assured. The collected data was analyzed as per descriptive statistics.Results: Majority of doctors (91.3%) have a good knowledge and agree that indiscriminate use of antibiotics leads to antimicrobial resistance. 96.12% of doctors identify it as a global issue but only 85.5% consider it a problem in their hospital. Doctors (78%) have a positive attitude and do not prefer to prescribe an antibiotic for minor illnesses, but only 40% think it might contribute to antimicrobial resistance.Conclusion: Our study has demonstrated that doctors have a good knowledge about the emerging problem of antimicrobial resistance, however a minor percentage of doctors fail to acknowledge this at the level of their own hospital. Regular updates on the local antimicrobial resistance rates & antibiotic stewardship might help to control the global issue of AMR.


Abstract Anomobryum polysetum Shaw is described on the basis of a specimen collected in 1973 in Durango, Mexico by F. D. Bowers, C. Delgadillo, and P. Somers. This species is distinguished from its congenerics by a minute stature, polysetous inflorescences, and rudimentary peristome.


Variation and change are essential for any human language, but at the same time they form a challenge for theoretical models of grammar. This chapter discusses some notions and phenomena encountered in word-formation change that should be relevant to any morphological theory. It focuses on the notion of reanalysis and on phenomena related to this notion. In its second half, the chapter focuses on the notion of productivity and on the view that every change in word-formation has to be seen as a change in productivity. It is claimed that theoretical models will need to become more attentive to usage-based perspectives in order to integrate the dynamics of language and language change. The examples used for illustration purposes in this chapter are taken from Dutch, German, and English.


Introduction: Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) is a rare tumor of the gastrointestinal tract which consists of a dual adenocarcinomatous and neuroendocrine differentiation, each component representing at least 30% of the tumor. Case description: A 60-year-old women presented with complaint of upper abdominal pain and difficulty in swallowing solid food. Endoscopy revealed linitis plastica. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen revealed a diffuse stomach wall thickening in region of fundus and body with enhancing nodular lesions likely mitotic etiology along with upper abdominal lymphadenopathy. Patient underwent total gastrectomy. Grossly there was a grey white growth at the antrum measuring 3.5 × 2 cm in size with multiple satellite nodules. Histopathological report revealed tumor cells, forming glandular pattern. Amidst these there was also present a second population of small monomorphic cells forming insular pattern. Twenty out of 25 lymph nodes showed secondary carcinomatous deposits. Diagnosis of MANEC was proposed which was confirmed on immunohistochemistry with immunopositivity for synaptophysin/chromogranin and immunonegativity for CK7/CK20/CEA. Patient received chemotherapy and 25 cycles of radiotherapy but presented again with hepatic deposits within 6 months. Conclusion: The case is worth reporting because of its rare presentation. Close attention should be paid to such patients, as MANEC can be a highly aggressive tumor, showing rapid progression and metastasis. & Treatment (2020): 10.5005/jp-journals-10055-0088


The aim of this study was to evaluate the visceral composition, cuts, and meat quality of two strains of free-range chickens fed diets containing crushed sugar cane. 448 chickens were distributed at 35 days of age, in two randomized blocks design, in 4x2 factorial, with four levels of replacement in the feed (0; 15; 30 and 45%) by sugarcane and two strains (Pesadão and Label Rouge), in two repetitions per block of fourteen birds per experimental unit. In 30 minutes after slaughter, the parameter a* was higher for animals of the Pesadão strain relation to the Label Rouge lineage. A quadratic effect was observed with increasing levels of sugarcane on the L* parameter of breast meat; and linear effect on parameter b* of the breast skin. Within 24 hours after slaughter, a quadratic effect of sugarcane levels was observed on the b* parameter of the breast meat. The increase in sugarcane levels linearly reduced the weight of heart, liver, chest, thigh plus drumstick, wing, carcass yield and relative heart weight of the animals. A quadratic effect was Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim., Salvador, v.21, 01 15, e2121162020, 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402121162020 ISSN 1519 9940 2 observed with increase in sugarcane levels over the relative weight of abdominal fat, the lowest fat content was observed in animals that consumed up to 30% of sugarcane in the feed. The use of sugarcane as an alternative feedstuff in up to 45% in the diet maintains the quality of meat and reduces the abdominal fat content, however, decreases the carcass yield.


The current research was carried out under the title of "Studying the Family Life style with Emphasis on the Instructions of the Holy Quran in the City of Firoz-Koh in 1401." This research has been done using a qualitative approach. The technique of gathering information is structured interviews in an individual format, reading and reviewing the narrated narratives. The target population in this research is the entire family of Firoz-Koh City, whose sample population is 18 family members, the number of children, occupation and age of marriage, which was selected using a random sampling method. The obtained data have been analyzed using the theoretical coding technique. The findings of the research show that "life style" is one of the vital and important issues of human societies and covers various aspects of human life. On the other hand, the goal of the Holy Quran is to guide humans, and one of the most important components of guidance is life style. The comprehensiveness and immortality of the Qur'an require and have expressed what mankind needs in the path of its growth and perfection, and that is so. In this research, the importance of the family's place in the Holy Quran is mentioned, then the indicators of the Quranic life style in the family are introduced in religious, belief, moral, social and intellectual dimensions. Also, the harmful factors that hinder this family life style research have been analyzed.


Abstract Recent scholarship across a range of historical sub-disciplines shows that uplands are where many forms of modernity are both crafted and overwhelmed. Maintaining multiple tensions – between assimilation and distinction, between projections of power and material and human resistance, and between knowledge and elusiveness – is essential to the modernities crafted in mountain spaces. This review highlights a number of common threads running through recent writings on modern mountains. These include heightened attention to the importance of mountains as arenas for the performance of gendered, racial, national, and class-based subjectivities, and the persistence of earlier attitudes and activities in avowedly disenchanted modern visions of uplands. For all of the successes of recent scholarship, more work remains in order to consider mountains in global contexts and to come to terms with our continued entanglement in modern ways of understanding and acting in high places. Looking ahead, it is vital that historians think with and about mountains in order to contribute positively and persuasively to discussions on the human and environmental impacts of global change.


Objective:To compare the effect of high-risk HPV virus typing(HR-HPV)and liquid based cytology(TCT)in early screening of cervical lesions.Methods:Combined with pathological diagnosis,screening results from 1 384cervical cancer patients in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The sensitivity of HR-HPV,TCT and combination detection was compared.Results:Out of 1 384cases,HRHPV positive rate of inflammation and normal patients was 3.6%,HR-HPV positive rate was 57.0%in patients with lesions more severe than CIN1,the difference was significant(P0.05).There was significant difference in detection rate among HR-HPV-negative rate,single positive rate and combination positive rate during detection of inflammation,CIN1lesions and lesions more severe than CIN1(χ 2=694.22,P0.05).There were 35cases misdiagnosed by TCT,including 8cases with HR-HPV positive;while there were 26cases missed by TCT,including 15cases of with HR-HPV positive.The sensitivity of TCT was 94.3%,HR-HPV was 57.0%,and combination detection was 98.0%.Conclusion:HR-HPV screening provide supplement for TCT,the combination detection can increase sensitivity of screening.


Abstract Sustainable development of the built environment in developing countries is a major challenge in the 21st century. The use of local materials in the construction of buildings is one of the potential ways to support sustainable development in both urban and rural areas where burnt clay bricks are used predominantly. This work focuses mainly on the use of polypropylene micro fibers in ordinary Cellular Lightweight Concrete blocks. The main objective is to develop a high-performance fibre reinforced cellular concrete to provide a better alternative than clay bricks for structural applications of masonry. This paper presents the stress-strain behaviour of polypropylene fibre reinforced Cellular Lightweight Concrete stack bonded prisms under axial compression. Masonry compressive strength is typically obtained by testing stack bonded prisms under compression normal to its bed joint. Use of micro-fibres enhances the pre-cracking behaviour of masonry by arresting cracks at micro-scale in the post-peak region. These efforts are necessary to ensure that CLC blocks become more accepted in the world of building materials and considered as a reliable option for providing low-cost housing.


In the camera calibration process, the checkerboard pattern has a wide range of applications. Aiming at the current checkerboard corner detection algorithms that have missed and misdetected situations, this paper proposes an automatic checkerboard corner detection algorithm that combines gray-scale features and energy minimization(ADGE). The ADGE first uses the proposed two sets of gray-level symmetry operators to process the image separately to extract the candidate corner points, and then uses the regional block mode to dynamically search for the local maximum value of the candidate corner points. It further constructs a reaction function to linearly solve the sub-pixel coordinates, and finally extracts all checkerboard corner points and sorts them by minimizing the energy function. Experimental results show that the corner points extracted by the ADGE have no missed and false detection, and the corner reprojection accuracy is 0.1298 pixels. The ADGE can meet the requirements of camera calibration and provide it with high-precision data.


Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a rare, autosomally inherited disorder of the connective tissue matrix that is characterized by bone fractures, deafness, and blue sclera. The impairment of Type 1 collagen production causes frequent fractures and increased bone fragility as well as reduced bone mass. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobehavioral disorder developed during childhood that is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and, consequently, high risk for unintentional injury. This study will examine the case of a 6-year-old male admitted to the researchers' clinic who has been diagnosed with OI and ADHD and has experienced reccurent traumatic injury. While in the clinic, the patient also expressed symptoms of anxiety such as insomnia, restlessness and irritability. This case has beenpresented since associations of both d,sorder is rare. Aside from the fact that these disorders are injury-related and, thus, require additional attention by clinicians, the simultaneous nature of these diseases is also important in that their interaction may provide opportunity for early diagnosis and necessary intervention.


Waterside Deposits in evaporator tubes have been an issue in steam generators as long as boilers have been used. Substantial experience in deposit formation and management has been gained in conventional goal and oil/gas boilers over time. The role of boiling modes in the steam generator tubes is very critical to areas of deposit formation. Incipient boiling, nucleate boiling and convective boiling modes all have different deposition behavior. When Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (GTCC) power plants of larger size (> 100 MW) began operation in the 1990's, deposits in evaporator tubes were not considered a significant issue. Operating boiler pressures were low (500–900 psig) as were flue gas temperatures, use of supplemental firing was limited. Other than known problems with feedwater contamination such as operation with leaking seawater-cooled condensers, deposits were not found to be forming. The rapid increase in size and operating pressures in HRSG's raised the likelihood of waterside deposits developing. Both Vertical and Horizontal Gas Path HRSG designs are considered. Drawing on field observations, the morphology and location of HRSG deposits are reviewed, as are changes in deposit formation with the mode and rate of boiling.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


The air change rate in a single story office building was measured using a tracer gas technique. The air change rate was determined by the rate of decay method using sulfur hexafluoride as the tracer gas. A total of eight tests were conducted within a forty-eight hour period under small temperature differences and wind velocities. Two different building conditions were investigated: (1) supply ventilation fan on, producing a positive pressure in the building, and (2) supply ventilation fan off. Two sampling techniques were used: (1) multipoint sampling, (2) single-point return air sampling. From this research an effective technique was developed for calibrating portable gas chromatographs. For this particular building, tests showed that the single-point return air sampling technique compared favorably with the multi-point sampling technique. With the limited number of tests, no empirical relationship between temperature difference, pressure difference and air change rate could be developed, although certain trends were established.


When shoot cultures derived from salt-sensitive Oryza sativa var. Taipei 309 were grown at 25°C in medium containing 0.35 M NaCI, responses to possible oxidative stress in the early stages of exposure were observed. Overall levels of Mn-superoxide dismutase activity, Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase activity and H 2 O 2 were significantly elevated. After 1 d there was a notable decline in tissue concentrations of GSH and a corresponding increase in GSSG. However, after a further day, concentrations of GSH and GSSG returned to concentrations normally encountered in control cultures. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase were similar whether the shoots were grown in the presence or absence of NaCI. In contrast, there was an early increase in glutathione reductase activity in NaCI-exposed cultures, and no indication of extensive increases in lipid peroxidation. Thus although some indications of oxidative stress accompany exposure of this salt-sensitive rice variety to salinity, mechanisms appear to exist within its shoot tissue to permit the tolerance of such oxidative stress.


It was recently shown, by observations made in the Woods Hole region, that the currently accepted definition of Arenicola cristata embraces in fact two species, A. cristata Stimpson and A. caroledna Wells. The distribution of these forms has now been studied.

A. cristata is the dominant warm-water lugworm on the shores of North America, extending northwards to Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and Humboldt Bay, California. A. caroledna dominates in China and Japan. But both species are very widely distributed round the world, and both show a tendency to differentiate into local varieties.

Arenicola glasselli Berkeley and A. bombayensis Kewalramani et al. are intimately related to caroledm, but should be maintained, for the present at least, as separate species. The four species cristata, caroledna, glasselli and bombayensis form a compact, closelyrelated quartet, which monopolises the lugworm beaches of tropical and subtropical shores.

In Bermuda, A. cristata was collected from purely calcareous "sand", though elsewhere it occurs in more usual littoral sediments.

Arenicola loveni Kinberg is a warm-temperate form, not very closely related to the four named above, and found to the south of the zone which they occupy. The Australian specimens constitute a seperate subspecies from the African ones, even though the "septal gonad" on which the distinction was origmally based by Stach is probably a temporary local accumulation of germ cells associated with the act of spawning.

During the work, two remarkable anomalous worms were noticed: a Neapolitan A. cristuta from which either the 5th or the 6th setiger seems to have disappeared without trace, and an A. bombayenais with two pairs of hearts.


AbstrcatSwarm intelligence indicates any attempt to design algorithms or distributed problem-solving devices inspired by the collective behavior of social insect colonies and other animal societies. Swarm intelligence is becoming a hot domain in artificial intelligence and relevant fields. In this paper, the main ideas of ant colony algorithm and particle swarm optimization,which are two important algorithms in swarm intelligence,are introduced,and the ant colony algorithm is discussed in detail,including the basic ant colony algorithm and the improved ant colony algorithm.


This study adopted hyperspectral imaging technology combined with machine learning to detect the disease severity of stem blight through the canopy of asparagus mother stem. Several regions of interest were selected from each hyperspectral image, and the reflection spectra of the regions of interest were extracted. There were 503 sets of hyperspectral data in the training set and 167 sets of hyperspectral data in the test set. The data were preprocessed using various methods and the dimension was reduced using PCA. K−nearest neighbours (KNN), decision tree (DT), BP neural network (BPNN), and extreme learning machine (ELM) were used to establish a classification model of asparagus stem blight. The optimal model depended on the preprocessing methods used. When modeling was based on the ELM method, the disease grade discrimination effect of the FD−MSC−ELM model was the best with an accuracy (ACC) of 1.000, a precision (PREC) of 1.000, a recall (REC) of 1.000, an F1-score (F1S) of 1.000, and a norm of the absolute error (NAE) of 0.000, respectively; when the modeling was based on the BPNN method, the discrimination effect of the FD−SNV−BPNN model was the best with an ACC of 0.976, a PREC of 0.975, a REC of 0.978, a F1S of 0.976, and a mean square error (MSE) of 0.072, respectively. The results showed that hyperspectral imaging of the asparagus mother stem canopy combined with machine learning methods could be used to grade and detect stem blight in asparagus mother stems.


This paper discusses the development of a new technique for measuring the strength of ceramic shells. In this technique, compressed air was passed into the ceramic shells and the bursting pressure was measured using a diaphragm pressure gage. The hoop stresses were calculated. The results of the new technique realistically match the actual failure rate of shells in the precision casting process.


Abstract Background A 36-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident, presenting with a Guistillo's IIIB crush injury to the upper extremity. A severely comminuted ulnar fracture resulted in a 10-cm bone defect with significant overlying soft tissue injury. Methods The injury resulted in a wide zone of injury with inadequate collateral vascularity at the level of the elbow and distal viability dependent on the brachial artery. An osteocutaneous free fibular flap and fasciocutaneous anterolateral thigh flap were used to reconstruct the defect with both flaps anastomosed in an end-to-side fashion to the brachial artery. Results The upper extremity was successfully salvaged, and the patient discharged from hospital at postoperative day 10. Both free flaps survived with no donor or recipient site complications at a follow-up period of 2 years. Conclusion The case illustrates the challenges inherent to significant Guistillo's IIIB injuries with insufficient recipient vessels over a large zone of injury. While performing anastomoses outside the zone of injury is preferred, this case demonstrates the success of performing multiple anastomoses to the brachial artery in an end-to-side fashion within the zone of injury.


Recentiores, non deteriores

 According to the Philosopher, the bodily instrument by means of which desire produces animal self-motion—a subject central to MA—is to be examined within the treatment of the 'activities common to body and soul',1 i.e. in his so-called 'Parva Naturalia...


A complex directional element adapting to wide area backup protection system is proposed.Firstly,the operation characteristics of positive-sequence fault component directional element and negative-sequence directional element are analyzed.Then a virtual variable quantity directional element is presented to cope with the drawbacks of the above elements.By creating virtual voltage and current,the virtual variable quantity directional element will produce the virtual variable quantities of voltage and current when a symmetrical fault occurs,which can be used to identify the fault direction persistently.Based on the three kinds of elements,the composition logic of the complex directional element is put forward.Finally,the simulation results demonstrate that the complex directional element can start reliably,operate accurately and keep effectiveness constantly to all kinds of short-circuit faults.And other advantages include no dead zone with a three-phase fault close to the element,high sensitivity with a strong source behind the element,and automatic return after external faults disappeared.Therefore,the complex directional element has a good performance to meet the requirement of wide area backup protection.


Miscibility and mutual diffusion between poly-(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and short-chain poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) of different molecular weight were studied by optical wedge microinterferometry (WMI). The PVP M n varied from 1 300 to 360 000 g.mol -1 , whereas that of PEG ranged from 200 to 6 000 g.mol -1 . Photographs of interference patterns measured at λ = 546 nm with an optical microscope were used to observe the PVP/PEG interface. PVP blends with short-chain PEG fractions, ranging in molecular weight from 200 to 1 500 g.mol -1 , were found to be fully miscible above the temperatures of PEG fusion, whereas an increase in the molecular weight of up to 3 000 g.mol -1 renders the two polymers completely immiscible. Successive photographs of interference patterns (the interferogram of the contact interface between PEG6000 (left) and PVP is shown in the Figure) were used to determine composition-distance profiles and to calculate the composition-dependent mutual diffusion coefficient in miscible PVP/PEG blends. It was shown that the effect of PVP molecular weight are in reasonable agreement with those observed for other compatible polymer systems. In contrast to PVP behavior, the effects of PEG molecular weight indicate appreciable contribution of hydrogen bonding of terminal hydroxyl groups in short PEG chains to the miscibility and diffusivity behavior in the PVP/PEG system. The difference in the effects of PEG and PVP chain lengths is ascribed to hydrogen bonding between PEG terminal hydroxyl groups with carbonyl side groups of repeat units in PVP macromolecules and ether oxygens in the PEG chains.


Chlamydia pneumoniae and Hyperlipidemia Are Co-Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis: Infection Prior to Induction of Hyperlipidemia Does Not Accelerate Development of Atherosclerotic Lesions in C57BL/6J Mice Erwin Blessing, Lee Ann Campbell, Michael E. Rosenfeld, and Cho-chou Kuo* Department of Pathobiology and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195


Readers who have followed Stanley Fish's past campaigns must find his "Interpreting the Variorum" a rather curious performance.1 The first two sections contain another striking example of Fish's ability to resolve critical disagreements by using his reader-oriented analysis. However, in Section III of the article, Fish seems to have made a strategic retreat: he no longer claims priority for his Literature-in-the-Reader Approach. He now appears satisfied with being one among equals; reader-response, psychoanalytic, even formalist criticisms are now seen as equally valid approaches to literature. This is a far cry from Fish's earlier claims: "I am calling not for the end of stylistics but for a new stylistics, what I have termed elsewhere an 'affective' stylistics, in which the focus of attention is shifted from the spatial context of a page and its observable regularities to the temporal context of a mind and its experiences."2 Fish's retreat from this position follows a rather direct course in "Interpreting the Variorum": from the claim that people read this way, using this interpretive strategy; to the qualification, all people interpret but interpretive strategies differ; to the conclusion that no critical interpretive strategy has priority over any other. This radical change in Fish's stance results from a rigorous reexamination of his critical position and his honest attempt to clarify his procedures for himself and his critics. Nevertheless, we might justifiably ask if these most recent developments result in an advance, a retreat, or even a surrender in Fish's rethinking of his reader-response methodology.


Objective:To explore the diagnosis value of three-dimensional(3D)ultrasound in pelvic organ prolapse disease via perineum.Method:POP patients and patients with common disease of department of gynaecology,each 60cases,the perineum three-dimensional ultrasound examination,observing resting Valsalva activity basin the size of the diaphragmatic hiatus and anus levator morphological changes.Results:The pelvic floor structure of POP group was loose,pubic rectum muscle thin asymmetry,echo owe evenly,resting state and Valsalva basin before and after the diaphragmatic hiatus diameter diameter area around the perimeter,pubic rectum muscle thickness were greater than the control group,the difference had statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusion:Three dimensional ultrasound can effectively observe the pelvic floor structure of women,can be used for diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse of pelvic diaphragm hiatus in patients with abnormal morphology and structure.


Design is functionality driven. All products and
parts have some intended reason behind their
existence. This book introduces a methodology to
assist designers during the first stages of design.
This methodology provides a tool to help the
designer translate functional specifications into
conceptual forms. This tool serves as a bridge
between the conceptual design phase and the detailed
design phase of a product.


An effective approach to the optimal design of electromagnetic devices should take into account the effect of mechanical tolerances on the actual devices performance. A possible approach could be to match a Pareto optimality study with a Monte Carlo analysis by randomly varying the constructive parameters. In this paper it is shown how such an analysis can be used to allow an expert designer to select among different Pareto optimal designs.


Fifty-two compounds were tested for their effects on embryos of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, and the American oyster, Crassostrea 1Jirginica, and on their larvae. The pesticides included 17 insecticides, 12 herbicides, one nematocide, four solvents, and 18 miscellaneous bactericides, fungicides, and algicides. Most of the compounds affected embryonic development more than survival or growth of larvae. Some, however, drastically reduced growth of larvae at conThe extensive use in ree-ent, yenrs of highly persistent pesti('ides for eontrol of certitin insects n.nd undesintble phtnts, not only on ngric.lllt'llral bnds but nlso on reerelttionnl iU"eltS, bkes, streilms, and mnrshes, hiLs mnde impernti\ce nn evnluntion of the effec.ts of t,hese e-ompounds on fish and wildlife. The eventual gOll.! is to eontrol undesimble spedes, with the lenst hnrm to the desimhle members of the ecosyst,em. Att,nillll1ent of this gOltl req'.tires extensi\ce knowledge of how eltch pest,idde nffects eltch speejes or representltt,ive speeies of the system. Also, the pestieide must be highly spe('ifie 01' be n.pplied so thn.t its dispersion is strict.ly limited. Pestieides mlty enter the hnbitnt of shellfish in several Wl\YS. One is by being enrried there in l'llllOff wMer from trented !nnd ltrens. CottniH (1960) st,iLted tllil.t, :3 to 3 billion pounds (9.07 to 13.61 x lOs kg.) of pestieides iLre used lLnnuit.lly in the United Sttttes on nbout 100 million neres (40.5 x lOG hIt.) of bnd. Thil1111-l1ll (1964) stltted thnt the United Stntes used 175,000 short tons (158,760 metric. tons) of inseet.ieides in 1962 and about hnlf that muc.h of fungicides nnd herbicides. I Pl"I.'SI:llt ~lddn~ss: l~l1in:'rsity of .i\-Illl"yland. Natura] Rl"!'soUl'c~s Institutt'. Box 38. Solol11ons. ~hl. ~1)688. 1-'ulllisl"u.'.1 .:\ prill~II.1.:I. FISHE n y BljLLE1~IN: YOLo 67, NO. ~ centrations that had relatively little effect on embryonic development. It is necessary, therefore, to evaluate the effects of pesticides on all stages of the life cycle of an organism befQre the pesticide can be considered safe. Nevertheless, differences in toxicity to bivalve larvae among compounds of each category of pesticide are large enough that it should be possible to select compounds to control pest species without serious damage to commercial shellfish. Doudoroff, Knt.l<:, and Tnrl<:well (1953) Il1nde Inbomtory tests of soils eolleeted fl'om t.oxrLphenetreltted fields and eondudell thnt st,renll1 wltt.ers cnn be made t.oxie t.o fish by the drainnge from sueh fields. 8ueh runoff water may ('1tl'I'Y the pestiddes in sol.ution, adsorbed on suspended pm·tides, or ineorpomt.ed in plit.n ts a.nd tLnil11ills in. the WI1.t.er. Certainly, In.rge qUl1.ntit,ies of the vesticides thnt lerLch from the soil must eventunlly reiLch constnl marine wiLters and sediments. A seeond, more direet" nnll perhltps more ensily regubted method by which pestic.ides I11ny enter the estuarine environment, is the use of inseeticides ltnd herbieides on slth lllnrshes and estUluies to eont,rol mosquitoes ll.nd undesimble plants. In some regions lit.rge areItS nre slH"nyed neit.1' shellfish beds. Pestieides used in this wny probltbly erent,e higher concentmtions of the ltetive ingredients in the estunrine \Htter thltn nre nehieved hy nny other method. LooslLnoff, ~/IltcKenzie, 111111 Shearer (1959 ), Loosnlloff et It.!. (1960), nnd LOOSil.noff (1961) proposed the lise of se\"eral pesticides for (,he eontrol of eertll.in predators lmd eompet,itors of ::: LoosnnoJT, v, L., C. L. i\'Ial'K('nzil!, JI'" and L. W. Shean'}', Inf.!I. PSI) of chl~mical bnr}'il~rs to ]l1"(,h'cl slll.'lIl1s.h hl'll~ fl'0111 PI·Cthltors. Bul'. Cnmlllt:I·. Fish. BioI. Lab .. Milford. (',mil., Bull. I.;, 23: 1-11.


Sayed Kashua, a Palestinian writer in Israel who has published novels exclusively in Hebrew, was celebrated as a successful writer and journalist in the Hebrew literary field. If the author's usage of Hebrew and his novels were examined from an Israeli and a Jewish perspective and from the prospects of minority speech acts, these critics did, however, situate his literature within the immediate political context, that of the impossible situation of Palestinians in Israel. This article reads his second novel, Let It Be Morning (רקוב יהיו), from a different perspective and considers Kashua's literary strategy that consists in transforming a futuristic and allegorist perspective into a chronotope set between hegemonic (Israeli) time and minority (Palestinian) space. This novel highlights, between text and context, different visions of the future: a dystopian situation reflecting both a disastrous outcome of the Zionist wing calling for the transfer of the Palestinians and an internal conflict between Palestinians ( fitnah); the utopian vision of the writer, who used his writing in Hebrew to create a hybrid space of negotiation with the Hebrew reader and therefore suggesting literature as a way to prevent dystopia. This article emphasizes a futuristic storytelling from its content to its form used by Kashua as a literary strategy to express the impossibility of a Palestinian voice, his voice, in Hebrew fiction. dibur literary journal Issue 6, Fall 2018 Visions of the Future


AS A UNIVERSITY VOICE PROFESSOR and a teacher of students from ages 14 to 74, why and how should I assign songs from the massive oeuvre of Schubert lieder? I approach this question not as a musicologist or theorist, but as a pedagogue. As one who had the great fortune during graduate studies to participate in John Wustman's seven-year long project to perform all 630-plus songs of Schubert, I became acquainted with Schubert lieder well beyond the "top 40" or the well known song cycles.1 My hundred or so song assignments included many that are rarely if ever performed or published in song anthologies.My extensive exposure to this literature reveals why I choose to teach Schubert. I fell in love! There is enormous variety in style and expression, from lovely folk-like melodies to operatic declamation. There are strophic or modified strophic songs, the durchkomponiert or through-composed songs, and the scenas. Scenas include ballads or epic stories such as "Adelwolt und Emma" (his longest) and "Hagars Klage" (his first song, written when he was only 14).Schubert's masterful accompaniments provide the psychological or atmospheric subtext to his infinitely inventive melodies, unifying them as more than the sum of their parts. In reference to his performance with baritone Johann Michael Vogl in 1825, Schubert commented: "The manner in which Vogl sings and the way I accompany, as though we were one at such a moment, is something quite new and unheard-of. . ."2 Nearly 200 years later it is still a thrill to experience these transcendental moments in performance.Naturally, we want to extend that experience to our students, and Schubert is a fine pedagogic choice for many reasons. Typically, the first language young American singers encounter after their native English is Italian-the rationale being that students need to learn to sing pure vowels. The ability to hear and reproduce the subtleties of vowel sounds in multiple languages is an important aspect of voice study, and German is a logical next step. Once the few foreign phonemes are mastered, and the rules of diction are found to be straightforward, German becomes a new friend. Having entered the realm of lieder, students will find great satisfaction in singing Schubert: a wealth of tuneful melodies, a wide range of subject matter, and accessibility-guided by the teacher-that leads to self-confidence in performance.Following are some pedagogic considerations in making appropriate repertoire selections: text, song length, range and tessitura, accompaniment, and availability in published anthologies.TEXTAlthough there are perhaps ten songs set to Italian texts (e.g., by Pietro Metastasio and Jacopo Andrea Vittorelli) listed in the New Grove Dictionary, most of Schubert's settings are of German poetry, with some prose settings-including German translations of James Macpherson (Ossian), William Shakespeare, or Sir Walter Scott. The voice teacher should feel competent in coaching German diction and should have a good source of literal translations, which are found in most modern anthologies. Teachers should be wary, however, of older publications in which an English translation is created to underlay the melody, giving a distorted version of the original text. The "bible" of Wustman's Schubert tours was Richard Wigmore's Schubert-The Complete Song Texts. In his Foreword to this valuable reference, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau writes:Collected here are the texts of all Schubert's well-loved songs, with exact English translations. I am delighted that modern English versions are now available for the benefit of English-speaking singers and listeners. The book will also afford a greater understanding of Schubert's original texts when, as sometimes happens, the songs are sung in a free English version.3The subject matter of a song is an important consideration. Content, such as memorializing the dead ("Litanei auf das Fest Allerseelen") or the musings of an old hermit ("Der Einsame"), may find resonance with the more mature mind. …


Conventionally, the number of steel rebars at construction sites is manually counted by workers. However, this practice gives rise to several problems: it is slow, human-resource-intensive, time-consuming, error-prone, and not very accurate. Consequently, a new method of quickly and accurately counting steel rebars with a minimal number of workers needs to be developed to enhance work efficiency and reduce labor costs at construction sites. In this study, the authors developed an automated system to estimate the size and count the number of steel rebars in bale packing using computer vision techniques based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). A dataset containing 622 images of rebars with a total of 186,522 rebar cross sections and 409 poly tags was established for segmentation rebars and poly tags in images. The images were collected in a full HD resolution of 1920×1080 pixels and then center-cropped to 512 × 512 pixels. Moreover, data augmentation was carried out to create 4668 images for the training dataset. Based on the training dataset, YOLACT-based steel bar size estimation and a counting model with a Box and Mask of over 30 mAP was generated to satisfy the aim of this study. The proposed method, which is a CNN model combined with homography, can estimate the size and count the number of steel rebars in an image quickly and accurately, and the developed method can be applied to real construction sites to efficiently manage the stock of steel rebars.


: Chinese shadow puppetry art is one of the creams of China's traditional culture. But with the rapid development of modern society and the rapid development of new media art, people are accustomed to the fast, rich, and diversified forms of entertainment. The attraction of traditional shadow puppets has gradually declined, and the development of shadow puppet art is facing some difficulties. Under the influence of digital media technology, shadow play can innovate in communication forms, performance modes, and other aspects, and use innovative ways that meet the needs of contemporary society for effective protection, to radiate new vitality. Taking H5 interactive design as an example, this paper expounds on the inheritance and innovation of shadow play art in digital media art teaching.


Survey on the population of dolphins in Lovina coastal waters, Bali was conducted in September to November 2005. Their moving route is wide enough since Bali Island and surrounding waters are their moving habitat. Thus, this survey only covered small part of their range habitat. The observation was done by recording their presence and behavior. The number of them was also estimated. The results showed that there were three species, i.e. spinner dolphin (Stenella spp.), bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), and spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis). The three species occurred in groups in the location. The number of dolphins counted during the survey was about 150-200 individuals per day during first survey in earlier September 2005. However, intensive observation after that showed bigger variations (6 – 200 individuals per day). The occurrence route of the lumba is mapped, and their presence in the location is considered for foraging. Key words: dolphin, Lovina coastal waters, Bali


The open a kind of old people's shatter-resistant crutch of the present invention, is to crutch degree of the being accelerated monitoring device that also Automatic-expanding holding is stable by balance sensor, including crutch shell and support unit, three-dimensional axially acceleration monitoring instrument, center analysis unit.When old people's instability of gait is soon fallen down, its crutch held also can fall down therewith, in the period that crutch falls down, meeting automatic spring supporting leg, make crutch become gusseted shape, it is ensured that old man can effectively be supported, thus avoid traumatic injury or alleviate traumatic injury degree.


According to previous research, the toilet and bathroom are the most common locations where injuries and accidents involving elderly people occur. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the issues and challenges of existing toilets and bathrooms among the Malaysian elderly and to identify appropriate solutions for them. The Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) sessions were implemented in this study, which involved a total of nineteen respondents, including elderly aged 60 years and above, their caregivers/family members, and agencies/authorities related to housing planning/development and technologies as well as researchers/experts. The recorded data were transcribed into text and organized systematically in the House of Quality (HoQ) for technical analysis. The focus group findings revealed that the four categorized issues raised by respondents in this study were quality, design, cost, and function. Furthermore, based on the HoQ analysis, it indicated that the top five highest ranks of customer requirements (CRs) for a new bathroom and toilet design requirement were comfortable (Rank 1), safety (Rank 2), affordable price (Rank 3), easy to enter bathroom/toilet (Rank 4) and anti-slippery floor (Rank 5). Meanwhile, the top five highest rank of technical requirements (TRs) refer to the existing OKU toilet design (Rank 1), anti-slip ramp & small drain under toilet door (Ranks 2 and 3), relocating existing toilet accessories, e.g., sink bow (Rank 4) and categories the cost according to the minor, major or new design (Rank 5). The information gathered could be used to develop appropriate bathrooms and toilets for the elderly in Malaysia.


This report reviews the data presented at the first meeting ever held on the new analytical technique of combined liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. It briefly discusses the 14 oral communications and five discussion sessions heard during the two day workshop. Trends in future liquid chromatography mass spectrometry work are delineated.


The aim of this experiment was to study the light source preference in laying hens reared in either artificial or natural light.


Introduction: Policy and Marketing Strategies for Digital and New Media Yu-li Liu and Robert G. Picard Part I: Policies Issues 1. Digital Television and Switchover Policies in Europe Petros Iosifidis 2. Digital Media Policy: "Television on the Internet: Challenges for Audiovisual Media Policy in a Converging Media Environment" Peggy Valcke and Jef Ausloos 3. Making TV accessible in the 21st century Peter Looms 4. Next Generation Television and the Migration From Channels to Platforms Robert Frieden 5. New Media Policy: The Redistribution of Voice Amit Schejter and Noam Tirosh Part II: Country Case Studies 6. Policy Implications from the Changing Market Environment including Convergence between Telecommunication Services and Broadcasting Services Yasu Taniwaki 7. Reconsider the Telecommunication and Media Regulatory Framework in Taiwan: Using the New Emerged Media as Examples Yu-li Liu 8. Japan's Legislative Framework for Telecommunications: Evolution Toward Convergence of Communications and Broadcasting Yoko Nishioka and Minoru Sugaya 9. Inverse Intranet: The Exceptionalism of Digital Media Policies in China Miklos Sukosd 10. The Impact of Digital Convergence on the Regulation of New Media in Korea: Major Issues in New Media Policy Euisun Yoo and Hyangsun Lee 11. Fine-Tuning the Competition: The Case of Singapore's Cross-Carriage Rule in Ending Content Exclusivity Mable Tan and Peng Hwa Ang Part III: Marketing Strategies 12. Digital Media and the Roots of Marketing Strategy Robert G. Picard 13. Digital Media, Electronic Commerce and Business Model Innovation Richard Gershon 14. Cross Media Marketing Strategies Bernd W. Wirtz, Philipp Nitzsche, Linda Mory 15. Marketing Communications with Networked Consumers and Negotiated Relationships Edward Malthouse and Don Schultz 16: Marketing Self-Branding Strategies for Social Presence in Digital Media Robert Pennington Part IV: Country Case Studies 17. Technology and Competition in U.S. Television: Online vs. Offline David Waterman and Ryland Sherman 18. Multi-Screen Services: User-Centric Marketing Strategies Dong-Hee Shin


In this chapter I begin by exploring who actually develops novel, commercially successful scientific instruments. Then I explore the actual sources of innovation in two major classes of process equipment used by the electronics industry. In both of these areas, I find that the innovators are most often users. The discovery that users are innovators in at least some important categories of innovation propels us into the first major question I examine in this book: Who actually develops the vast array of new products, process equipment , and services introduced into the marketplace? The answer is clearly important: An accurate understanding of the source of innovation is fundamental to both innovation research and innovation management. Scientific instruments are tools used by scientists and others to collect and analyze data. My study of scientific instrument innovations focuses on four important instrument types: the gas chromatograph, the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, the ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the transmission electron microscope. Each of these instrument types was, and is, very important to science.l* *The gas chromatograph was a revolutionary improvement over previous wet chemistry methods used to identify chemical unknowns. Analyses that formerly took years to do or that could not be done at all prior to the innovation could now often be done in hours with gas chromatography. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (lately applied to medical research but initially used by chemists) opened an entirely new approach-the analysis of nuclear magnetic moments-to the determination of molecular structures. The ultraviolet spectrometer made analysis of materials by means of their ultraviolet spectra (a very useful research tool) easily achievable. The transmission electron microscope allowed researchers for the first time to create images of objects down to a resolution unit of approximately one angstrom (A), far better than could be achieved by any optical microscope.


The present study deals with the detection of feedback between rainfall as an output series and temperature as an input series. Two methods were used. The first method is testing of cross-correlation function between prewhiten of the input and output series. The second method was used to test F between two series of input and output. The results shown that there is no feedback between input and output series presented in this study as that there, where it has founded cross-correlation between prewhiten of the input series ( ) and residual series (a t ) . KEYWORDS: feedback, output series, input series, residual series, Dynamic Regression


Abstract. We present innovative structures for ring-based Raman amplifier with two separate entrances for the pump and signal. In this way, only the pump is coupled into the ring and the signal passes directly through the path that the amplified pump is propagating inside the ring without a destructive effect on signal pulse. Using engineered nanoholes filled with optofluidic material in the signal and pump paths, we reduce pump and signal group velocity to improve the structure and achieve larger Raman gain. The time evolution and propagation of picosecond signal pulses and dispersion inside the device are analyzed. Maxwell equations are solved using finite difference time-domain method considering optical nonlinear parameters like two photon absorption, free-carrier absorption, and Kerr effect.


By modified the steam distillation apparatus,a new method for extracting limonene from orange peel is proposed. Comparing the two method,the results show that the modified method has some advantages,such as high purity and yield,simple experimental procedure and apparatus,and improved safely.


One French song of the era of the First World War stands out as the hit of the war and long remained in popular memory as such: the musichall march entitled "Quand Madelon." It became for French soldiers an identifying theme song, as "It's a Long Way to Tipperary" was for British infantrymen and "Over There" was for the Americans. During the war soldiers and their entertainers sang it on or near the front. Civilians heard it and sang it in music-halls behind the lines. Recent research on the common soldier-the poilu-and on civilians has added much to our knowledge of daily life during the war, but it has not addressed a number of historical questions which still surround that celebrated song.' Why and when did it become popular? And what did it mean to soldiers and civilians? Answers to those questions are to be proposed here not as mere details about a song, but as a contribution to the understanding of French mentalities and culture of the wartime era. In


There exist significant time delays in the data of phasor measurement unit (PMU) and wide-area measurement system (WAMS). To properly evaluate the impact of time delay is very important for power system online stability assessment and controller design. In this paper, the maximum delayed time that power system can sustain without losing its stability is denoted as its delay margin. From the viewpoint of Lyapunov stability, when a dynamic system is critical stable at a given equilibrium point, there must exist critical eigenvalue on the imaginary axis. This paper presents a simple method to determine such critical eigenvalue by tracing eigenvalue loci of a transformation matrix. Then the critical eigenvalue is used to determine the delay margin of power system. Comparing with previous approaches, such as Lyapunov function/functional method, LMI method, root clustering paradigm method, the presented method can locate the exact delay margin with no conservativeness and with less computation burden. Moreover, it can be easily applied to the stability analysis of bulk power system with multiple time delays. Finally, single machine and infinite bus system (SMIB) and WSCC 3-generator-9-bus system are employed to validate its effectiveness.


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The essay analyses the Italian Constitutional Reform of 2016, starting from provisions concerning the frame of government and specifically the overcoming of the Italian model of 'perfect bicameralism'. The essay then explores the reform of the relationships between the State and the Regions, which were successfully reorganised in 2001 but still occupy the most significant part of the Constitutional Court litigation load. The last part of the analysis is devoted to the provisions amending the Italian system of constitutional adjudication and specifically to the introduction of a form of controle preventif on electoral laws. Finally, the Author provides some conclusions about the 2016 reform as an example of 'manutenzione costituzionale'.


We describe the case of a 71-year-old man who was being followed as an outpatient for type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and asthma. He was a past smoker with a BMI of 25.6 kg/m2. Because he had only mild wheezing at night, he was not under medical treatment for asthma. As his level of HbA1c remained between 6.6 and 6.8% under treatment with 2.5 mg glibenclamide, 30 mg pioglitazone (an insulin-sensitizing drug) was added to his treatment. Several days later, he noticed that his wheezing had disappeared. The pulmonary function tests showed improvement of forced vital capacity from 2.33 to 3.02 l and forced expiratory volume in …


Stiff equations occur in a wide variety of applications including springs, damping systems and chemical reactions. The stiffness occurs due to the great difference among the reaction constants.Due to step size restriction, it becomes necessary to search for numerical methods with large regions of absolute stability . In this paper, new block hybrid linear integrators of the Adams Moulton class for the solution of stiff systems are constructed. This is achieved through the multistep collocation approach which yielded discrete schemes used simultaneously in block form as block integrators. This approach eliminates the use of starting values and overlap of pieces of solutions. The stability analysis of the new methods carried shows that they A-stable, a property desirable of any numerical method suitable for the solution of stiff systems. The new methods are tested on circular reaction equations, conserved systems, Robertson problem and a chemical reaction problem. The results shows that the new methods are efficient as they compare favorably with the state of the art Mat lab ode solver, ode23s.


A simple Raman setup which offers a cost-efficient alternative to a commercial Raman system has been developed. The results obtained from the analysis showed good correlation with literature.


e579Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that have detached from a tumor and have entered into the blood circulation at a very low concentration (D. Shook, Mech. Dev., Nov 2003). CTCs have a strong prognostic value, as their number has been correlated to overall survival in different metastatic cancers (J. S. de Bono, Clin. Cancer Res., Oct 2008). Considering the rareness of CTCs in blood, capturing them in vitro is very challenging. CTCs being mainly larger and less deformable than most of blood cells, ISET was the first system exploiting their physical traits using a filtration membrane to enrich 10mL blood samples (G. Vona, Am. J. Pathol., Jan 2000). However, placing the trapping system directly within the bloodstream would increase the amount of blood screened and ensure no sampling bias. To our knowledge, the only system developed for in vivo capture of CTCs relies on an immunologic detection targeting CTCs with specific epithelial-cell adhesion molecules (N. Saucedo-Zeni, Int....


The invention relates to a method for identifying a braking situation of a vehicle (102, 104) situated on a traffic route, said method comprising a step of determining a red component of at least one image region of an image depicting at least one section of the traffic route (420), and a step of determining the braking situation based on the red component.


Objective To investigate the relationship between blood lipids level and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) in elder people in Chengdu.Methods In May 2007,672 people aged from 50 to 79 years in Chengdu were recruited by random sampling methods for the survey of cardiovascular risk factors.The blood lipids level and HOMA-IR were statistically analyzed.Results ① The serum total cholesterol(TC) and high density lipoprotein chole sterol(HDL-C) were obviously higher in women than those in men(P0.05).② Triacylglycerol(TG) increased in 30.0% of men and 27.6% of women;HDL-C and low density lipoprotein cholesterin(LDL-C) in most of the involved people were appropriate.③ HOMA-IR increased as the TG level increased and HDL-C decreased;HOMA-IR increased as the LDL-C level increased,which was significant in the females(P0.05).④ HDL-C was positively correlated with HOMA-IR(r=-0.145,P=0.000);LDL-C was positively correlated with HOMA-IR(r=0.099,P=0.010).Conclusion The increase of hypertriglyceridemia was the most frequent type of the dislipidemia in the elder people in Chengdu;HDL-C level is higher in women than in men.Dyslipidemia is correlated with insulin resistance.


It is evident that a windmill propeller action can be induced by airflow along its rotation axis. Whereas it has been proven that a spinning propeller has a significantly lower drag than a fixed one, this is unlikely to be the case when the airflow is non-axial. To properly account for this type of airflow, a series of flow simulations has been done. Photogrammetry has also been employed since it is essential to accurately capture the geometry of an actual propeller and avoid any oversimplification of the model. As a result of this investigation, it was found that a stable orientation is achieved when the length of the propeller is roughly perpendicular to the airflow. An undriven propeller is naturally static when exposed to non-axial airflow and thus when this scenario is part of a system, further flow analysis need not be transient.


We have prepared the liquid crystal blue phase (BP) microdroplets emulsified in the glycerol environment and investigated their electro-optical properties upon the applied electric field. We showed...


Pumped storage power plants - the only large-scale option of indirect grid energy storage -essentially contribute to peak load balancing and to the stabilization of the electrical grids. Shortly after the start of the public electrical energy supply the first pumped storage power plants (PSP) were established and since then - as up to now the only large-scale option of indirect grid energy storage - they essentially contribute to peak load balancing and to the stabilization of the electrical grids. Apart from the classical task of peak load balancing, intermediate storage and upgrading energy PSP with their extremely short starting and transition periods and outstanding regulation characteristics provide essential ancillary services (frequency and voltage regulation, black start ability etc.) for the European grids and contribute substantially to their stability and to the restoration of the power supply after black outs. Being imposed to grid use charges, higher maintenance expenditures induced by modified modes of operation because of the energy deregulation and other burdens also challenge maintenance and refurbishment investments for existing pumped storage power stations. The danger of being squeezed out of the market by these additional financial burdens cannot be ruled out for PSP.


Check-in at Ruskin Hall Breakfast Meet and Greet 9:00AM – 10:00AM IS 305 Breakfast 9:00AM – 10:00AM IS 305 Breakfast with PhD Teaching Fellows 9:00AM – 10:00AM IS 305 Orientation & Program Overview 10:00AM – 11:30AM IS 305 Workshop The Discipline of Organizing Robert Glushko 10:00AM – 11:30PM IS 305 Workshop What are the iSchools? Ryan Champagne 10:00AM – 11:00AM IS 305 Workshop Copyright & Fair Use Matters Kip Currier 10:00AM – 11:30AM IS 305 Workshop Big Data Analytics Raja Sooriamurthi 10:00AM – 11:30AM IS 305 OPTIONAL Kennywood Amusement Park


We study the simultaneous approximation properties of the Bézier variant of the well known Phillips operators and estimate the rate of convergence of the Phillips-Bézier operators in simultaneous approximation, for functions of bounded variation.


Nanxiao18 is a single cross hybrid from the matching of the inbred line Nan99 as the female parent and Nan70-3 as the male parent. Both parents were bred by Guangxi Agricultural Professional Technology College. The variety has the characteristics of high and stable yielding, fine grain quality, multiple resistances and wide-ranging adaptability. Guangxi Crop Variety Committee of Guangxi has approved and released it in February 2003.


INTRODUCTION: The goal of "Biology of Viruses" (MMI/Biochem 575) is to introduce upperlevel undergraduate students to the biology and biochemistry of viruses and virus infection. We will address the fundamentals of virus properties, virus multiplication, disease mechanisms, prevention and intervention of infection, and how viruses pose new threats to human and animal health through emergence and evolution. We will focus primarily on viruses that are pathogenic to animals. This course is intended to cover important concepts and themes in virology. We will discuss carefully selected examples of viruses that impact our world and everyday life. Thus, this course will not be a "bug per day" style of class. Important prerequisite classes for this course are Biocore 301/302, Zoology 151/152, or MMI one in immunology will be helpful. GRADUATE COURSE ATTRIBUTE: This course is open to upper-level undergraduate students and graduate students. However, graduate students must concurrently enroll in Biochem 910 and report back to Biochem / MMI 575 on 4 topics discussed in Biochem 910 in order to receive a passing grade and have this class count toward the 50% minimum graduate course requirement.


The frequently used Neodymium-doped solid-state laser materials emit in the near infrared. Stimulated Raman scattering and parametric effects are useful to increase the spectral range. Laser materials which show strong Raman conversion are promising materials. A Q-switched Nd3+:KGd(WO4)2 -laser was demonstrated emitting the laser line at 1067 nm and more than 60 % of the total energy in the first two Stokes lines at 1180.8 nm and 1321.5 nm. [1]


Using ETM image of Landsat 7,focusing on Zhenning County of Guizhou Province,with support of RS and GIS,image preprocessions were carried out,including geometry rectification and histogrem equalization under support of RS and GIS software.432 waveband was selected to synthesize a standard pseudo color.Combined with DEM,land use status figure and other background data,the image discrimination interpretation was made.The landscape plaque maps of 7 kinds of land types were finished.Using Fragstat landscape index calculationprogram,the landscape index of the data was analyzed,so as to provide reference for the local land programming and ecosystem protection.


The 11 papers in this special issue focus on managing innovation in emerging economies. The papers cover a good spectrum of topics, methodology, industry as well as geographical location. Collectively they draw observations from Brazil, China, India, Philippines, South Africa, and Taiwan.


The decay by magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole (M1 and E2) transitions of the 2s22p2 1D2 level in the ground complex of the C-like ion Si8+ and the 2s22p4 1D2 level in the O-like ion Si6+ have been optically observed with ions circulating in a storage ring. The measured natural level lifetimes of (38.3 ± 0.3) ms for Si8+ and (636 ± 0.7) ms for Si6+ corroborate theoretical data for such forbidden decays in multicharged ions of astrophysical interest. PACS Nos.: 32.70.Cs, 32.30.Jc, 34.50.Fa


Catalytic cracking units (CCUs) are a potential emissions source for a number of compounds listed as Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. In some cases, these compounds are formed in the catalyst regeneration process, and in others they are present in coke, converted to oxides in the regenerator, and then emitted. In this analysis, both average and median emission factors for these HAPs were developed based upon more than 1,400 field test data points covering over 60 compounds. For some of these compounds, there are large differences between the average and median emission factors due to significant scatter in the raw data. Comparisons to published emission factors from several sources indicate that, for formaldehyde, the median emission factor is more likely to be representative of actual CCU emissions.


Aravind Vadiraj Ashok Leyland Ltd.,Vellivoyalchavadi, Chennai-600103, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com The effect of nano boric acid and nano copper based engine and transmission oil additives in different volume ratios (1:10, 2:10, and 3:10) on friction and wear performance of cast iron and case carburized gear steel has been investigated. The results show that coefficient of friction increases with increase in volume ratio of engine oil additives and decreases with increasing in volume ratio of transmission oil additives. Cast iron substrate shows higher wear damage than case carburized gear steel. Nano copper additive with crystalline atomic structure shows more severe three body wear compared to boric acid with layered lattice structure.


A control system for a vehicle comprising: calculating a desired driving the vehicle driving power demand required driving power calculation section; calculated as the power storage requirement for compensating delay in response to the driving power required changes in the generator unit allows the drive power output allowable drive electric power output calculating section; available electric power output calculating section calculates the power storage unit to be output according to the state of charge of the power storage unit is available electric power output, the available power output is the power output from the power storage unit; and in accordance with the required driving target power output power calculating portion, allowing the drive power output and power storage unit calculating available electric power output of the power storage unit of power generated from the generator output target, wherein the control system allows the drive power output according to the available power and the power storage unit outputs a control the target power generator output control, so as to control the respective cars on the required driving power.


Some jurisdictions refer to the sequestration of a debtor's estate as bankruptcy, but, for the purpose of this article, insolvency and bankruptcy will refer to the same debt collection procedure. The sequestration of a debtor's estate, or insolvency, relates to what is known as a collective debt collection procedure. The individual debt collection procedure relates to the attempt by a creditor or creditors to collect their debts 'individually' prior to the sequestration of the debtor's estate.


Inbound education official development assistance (ODA) has been known to be spread across regions regardless of geographic proximity. This not only negatively impacts effectiveness to manage aid, but also to sustain aid long-term. This study examines aid disbursement pattern of the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, and South Korea, which are all members of OECD's Development Assistance Committee that allocates inbound education ODA. With the empirical results confirming Korea's lack of concentration in education ODA, this study recommends establishing satellite campuses as a more viable, operative solution than the previously suggested solution of establishing a specialized agency focusing on scholarship programs. As validated by Nagoya University's Asian Satellite Campuses Institute (ASCI), transferring much of work to the online platform reduces time and financial costs. Furthermore, satellite campuses are expected to facilitate various means of partnerships among aid donor countries that are implementing similar programs. International collaborative efforts could help improve the quality of inbound education and play an important role in attracting bright prospective students. Thus, donor countries could utilize online education platform to overcome severe geographic obstacles in distance education and increase effectiveness of its inbound education ODA.


Objective:To observe the curative effects of integrated traditional Chinese
medicine(TCM) and western medicine (WM) on upper digestive tract hemorrhage
(UDTH).Methods:According to the syndrome differ classification of TCM 50 cases of integrated
TCM WM group were classified into Pixu Bushe(脾虚不摄)type,Pixu Hanre Xiangxie(脾虚寒热
相挟)type,Ganwei Jire(肝胃积热) type,Weiyin Sunshang(胃阴损伤) type and Qisui Xuetuo(气
随血脱)type.The main decoction,modified Sijunzi Decoction(四君子汤) combined Banxia Xiexin
Decoction(半夏泻心汤)were used simultaneously,the herbs of hemostasis and removing blood
stasis were added otherwise powder of resina draconis was taken orally in combination with
ranitidine injection infused intravenously.In control group of WM the ranitidine injection,acid
aminomethyl benzoicum,and dicynonum were infused intravenously and the solution of diluted
noradrenaline was taken orally,meantime the necessary symptomatic and supportive therapies
were applied.Results:All the markedly effective rate and total effective rate for hemostasis in
integrated TCM WM group were superior to those in WM group.In comparison between two
groups the markedly effective rate of hemostasis was significantly different (χ 2=8 200 3, P
0 005) but there was no significant difference in total effective rate (χ 2=3 202 4, P 0 05).
The times of hemostasis were (3 38±1 68) days in integrated TCM WM group and (5 05±2
45) days in WM group respectively.The difference was significant ( t ′=3 615 2, P 0
01).Conclusions:The treatment with TCM to regulate the whole body and with herbs of removing
blood stasis and hemostasis for UDTH possesses superiority.The treatment with integrated
TCM WM has the actions of supplement each other and learning from others′ strong points to
offset one′s weaknesses.


In Nationality Law in the Western Hemisphere , Olivier Vonk provides the first comprehensive overview in English of the current grounds for acquisition and loss of citizenship of all thirty-five countries in the Americas and the Caribbean.


This article attempts to theoretically outline the nature of consciousness in Paul C. Mocombe's consciousness field theory (CFT). Mocombe posits that consciousness is a channel of; or on; a frequency wavelength; which is both local and nonlocal. According to Mocombe; consciousness; is tied to an emergent fifth force of nature with an elementary particle; psychion; that arises from beings (subjects of experience) experiencing superimposed and entangled worlds; with Schumann waves tied to the (nonlocal) absolute vacuum; which gives rise to local consciousness fields the phenomenal properties; qualia; of which emerge as psychons and psychions in brains.


The purpose of this article is to serve as a follow-up to previous articles using P. R. Peluso's (2003) ethnical genogram and the expansion of the ethical genogram to include ethical principals and ethical decision-making styles (P. R. Peluso, 2006). The authors develop monitoring forms for use in the supervision process, both for the supervisor and the supervisee. They further illustrate the use of these monitoring forms as a tool to address possible areas of development and conflict as well as to keep in the forefront the supervisee's areas of strength. Using a case example, they demonstrate the use of these monitoring forms in the supervision process. Finally, the usefulness of this tool for supervision is discussed.


This research presents a study of measuring the attitude of Saudi consumers towards online shopping: Al-Hassa Region. The sample consists of 386 respondents. Even though a good communication and Internet networks are available in Saudi Arabia and a good economic status for the citizen nowadays and the expected future, Ecommerce is still not a trend for Saudi consumers which indicates that (62% of respondents) did not even purchase online. Moreover, Saudi populations are young, they are educated too, either inside the Kingdom or in King Abdullah scholarship program, and they are like to travel abroad, the online shopping still far away. The prominent reasons of keeping consumers distrust online shopping were highlighted. The Study found out that there were different factors that affect E-commerce practices. First factor is risk factors which include for example waiting time to receive the products. Second is financial risks which involves credit cards, losing the privacy and purchasers are not be able to return money if they are not satisfied with products. Also, product risks which include for example products are not received or they are receiving fake products or services and the language barrier which means consumers are unable to understand English language. Finally the current infrastructure is not reliable enough to make consumer fully confidant with the security websites and postal system.At the ends of this paper, several implications and recommendations for future research related to online purchase are subsequently discussed.


The systematic and continuous examination of communitarian groups of work output localized in financial deprived regions shows that their initiatives can be better understood and improved by technical and philosophical orientations present in the literature about entrepreneurships and solidarity economics. Theses communitarian groups face many challenges, because of their cultural and social features. But they present a significant potential to form entrepreneurs, and this is an important measure to fight unemployment and the economic tendency of lacking jobs. These groups need political, material and consulting support based on the principles of solidarity economics to have success in their initiatives, with the reduction of the social exclusion and drawing people to form cooperatives.


Abstract A pot experiment with a lateritic soil measured the relative effectiveness of monocalcium phosphate (MCP) fertilizers and six phosphate (P) compounds which were used to represent fertilizer compounds that may be present in soils. The P compounds were added at various rates, wheat was grown, and the treated soils were extracted with eight standard soil P‐test reagents. The relative effectiveness (RE) values for the fertilizer compounds based on plant yield were 1.00, 0.33, 0.32, 0.20, 0.16, 0.15, and 0.09 for MCP, P sorbed on gibbsite (Gi‐P), P sorbed on goethite (Go‐P), P sorbed on calcite (Ca‐P), AlPO4 (Al‐P), Apatite (Ap‐P) and FePO4 (Fe‐P), respectively. For soil treated with Ap‐P, Gi‐P, Go‐P, Ca‐P, and MCP, soil test values were significantly related to the yield of wheat. Only Bray 1, Bray 2, ammonium oxalate, and Colwell soil tests adequately predicted yield for Al‐P treated soil, and no soil test was suitable for soil treated with Fe‐P. Where soil tests were predictive of yield, separate c...


The present trend in intuitive administration mechanical autonomy is the improvement of advancements designed for less demanding activity by novice human clients, e.g., utilizing back-drivable robots , where gravity compensation is given, alongside impedance alteration, with the goal that the client can educate by physically moving the robot end-impact or by hand, as opposed to programming the robot to do particular errands. Different applications incorporate circumstances where a machine should be prepared to take after a coveted trajectory in a dull situation, e.g., pick-and-place tasks in an assembling setting, or possibly preparing a functioning prosthesis amid a mobile cycle. The significant commitment of this examination is a reversal based way to deal with gather the human purpose (i.e., what trajectory the human is attempting to accomplish) and utilize it to choose the information refresh for enhancing yield following. This can be accomplished regardless of whether the human does not have the adequate mastery to accomplish yield following with the machine—gave the human can keep up the stability of the shut circle system


A control problem for delay partial differential equations is considered. The Fourier method and special functions, called the delayed sine and delayed cosine functions, are used for solving.


The article presents studies of the effect of the microbiological preparation "Trichodermine", bio-organic fertilizers and growth regulators based on humic acids "Nagro", "Stimix", "BioLife" and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the biological activity of the soil, the degree of disease caused by Alternaria capsici-annui Savul & Sandu and the yield of pepper in the field. It was found that the differences in the indicator "Biological Activity of the Soil" depend on the number of microorganisms, the composition (species diversity) and the percentage of the main Micromycetes. Organic products help to optimize soil health and reduce the total content of fungal colonies, and in the composition of Micromycetes, the fungus Trichoderma sp. is more common. When mineral fertilizers are applied, the number of fungal pathogens and toxin producers increases. A higher total yield was obtained in the variants with biological treatment. The yield increase is from 9% to 29%.


The effect of hypercapnia on the acid-base balance and acid-equivalent transfers has been measured in the dogfish Squalus acanthias. Previous reports on Squalus are not in agreement as to the role played by compensatory acid-base transfers between the animal and the water during hypercapnia.

Cannulated animals were maintained in a closed circuit, seawater recirculation system. Plasma pH, Cco2 (from which Pco2 and [HCO3−] were calculated), and transfers of NH4+ and HCO3−-equivalent ions between the fish and the water, were measured during 24 hours of hypercapnic exposure (Pco2: 8–10 torr) and a subsequent 8–24 hour normocapnic recovery period.

Respiratory acidosis resulted in a plasma pH depression, which was then almost completely compensated (within ˜ 0.1 pH unit) over 24 hours by a ˜ 20 mM increase in plasma [HCO3 ]. In contrast to previous studies on elasmobranch acid-base regulation, hypercapnia induced a rapid 3 × increase in not only HCO3−-equivalent uptake but also branchial ammonia (NH4+) excretion. These transfers combined for a net Δ H+ loss to the water of 5.5 mmol kg−1. During the normocapnic period, net Δ H+ was reversed to −6.9 mmol kg−1, nearly completely due to HCO3-efflux.

Several lines of evidence point to the contribution of gill Na+/NH4+ exchange to the total ammonia excreted during hypercapnia, whereas NH3 diffusion predominates during the recovery period. Likewise, Cl−/HCO3− or Cl−/OH− exchange may enhance the uptake of HCO3− during hypercapnia.


Pavin Chachavalpongpun is an associate professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies at Kyoto University. He has published extensively on Thailand and Southeast Asian politics. He is also politically active and does not shy away from discussing and criticizing the monarchy, which for a long time was taboo – in academia as well as in political campaigns. In April 2020, Prof. Pavin Chachavalpongpun founded the Facebook group Royalists Marketplace (รอยลลสตมารเกตเพลส). The name alludes to other Facebook groups, like the Chulalongkorn Marketplace or Thammasat Marketplace, which were set up by former students of those universities as platforms for selling and purchasing items, and socializing in times of the COVID-19 lockdown. Pavin's group, however, is a persiflage of these initiatives. He developed a unique style of political communication, with a distinct mixture of memes, TikTok and Youtube videos, together with serious academic debates, which made his Facebook group the leading platform for criticism of the monarchy. This interview took place via Zoom between Kyoto and Cologne at the end of August 2020. Information on the dynamic developments that have unfolded since then has been added.


Very light pseudoscalar fields, often referred to as axions, are compelling dark matter candidates and can potentially be detected through their coupling to the electromagnetic field. Recently a novel detection technique using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) was proposed, which relies on the fact that the axion field oscillates at a frequency equal to its mass in appropriate units, leading to a time-dependent birefringence. For appropriate oscillation periods this allows the axion field at the telescope to be detected via the induced sinusoidal oscillation of the CMB linear polarization. We search for this effect in two years of POLARBEAR data. We do not detect a signal, and place a median $95 \%$ upper limit of $0.65 ^\circ$ on the sinusoid amplitude for oscillation frequencies between $0.02\,\text{days}^{-1}$ and $0.45\,\text{days}^{-1}$, which corresponds to axion masses between $9.6 \times 10^{-22} \, \text{eV}$ and $2.2\times 10^{-20} \,\text{eV}$. Under the assumptions that 1) the axion constitutes all the dark matter and 2) the axion field amplitude is a Rayleigh-distributed stochastic variable, this translates to a limit on the axion-photon coupling $g_{\phi \gamma}<2.4 \times 10^{-11} \,\text{GeV}^{-1} \times ({m_\phi}/{10^{-21} \, \text{eV}})$.


The effects of period of fermentation on the chemical composition and selected functional properties of millet (Pennisetum americanum) and Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed flours were examined. The fermentation time ranged from 24-96 h. Flours of the unfermented seeds served as controls . Fermentation for 24 h decreased (p 0.05) occurred in the total ash of both flours with increase in fermentation time except at the 96 h of pigeon pea. Tannin level was lowest in both flours at 72 h. Significant (p<0.05) decreases in cyanide occurred in pigeon pea from the 24 h and was lowest at the 72 h. Phytate was low in both flours. A 10% ( / ) gruel of millet and pigeon pea flour w v exhibited 363 cp and 380 cp apparent viscosity respectively at 72 h fermentation. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in water absorption capacity occurred only at the early stages (24 and 48 h) of fermentation in millet. Water Solubility Index increased in both flours with increase in fermentation period while reconstitution time reduced significantly (p<0.05). Least gelation concentration increased by 100% in pigeon pea at 48 h and 72 h. Fermenting for 72 h seem to offer some advantages over other periods.


Pursuant to the data of the research the article analyses compulsions and phobias of street prostitutes as a specific socially excluded group. It also analyses the trends and forms of compulsion used toward street prostitutes by separate groups of clients (law enforcement officers (policemen), pimps, street-walkers, competitors). Besides, the article analyses the phobia of professional and unprofessional prostitutes regarding a possible kidnap/exportation (trafficking), and the difference in evaluating the consequent dangers. According to the research, compulsion and injustice experienced by street prostitutes, as well as painful communication with people around and the negative attitude of the society toward prostitution as a criminal act prosecuted by the law reduces their determination to inform law enforcement institutions on facts of violence. This increases their risk to suffer from violence in the future.


The following is a brief overview of the main elements of protection against dismissal in Germany. However, only ordinary dismissals will be dealt with, while legal issues of extraordinary (summary) dismissal and mass redundancy will be left out. In Section 2, the basics of the dismissal law system will be explained. Section 3 will discuss, in particular, the possible reasons for dismissal and the substantive requirements. Section 4 deals with the procedural aspects, while section 5 explains, in short, how the payment during sickness is organized. The remedies are dealt with in Section 6. Section 7 shortly discusses the social security aspects during unemployment. Section 8 concludes.


AC brushless generator combined diesel engine is much used for the power supply equipment due to the stability and maintenance. At the starting of AC brushless generator, the output voltage from residual flux of a generator is very small. So, the AVR(automatic voltage regulator) should wake up with the low starting voltage. And the starting voltage is very low, it's very difficult to excite the generator fully, and needs a well designed self- starting sequence. Furthermore, AVR uses rms voltage information from output terminal. This information has some time-delay for the filter and signal processing. The dynamic performance of conventional PID controller is degraded at sudden load change, because of the time-delay. This paper presents digital AVR in stand-alone generator combined with diesel engine using low voltage self-starting circuit and instantaneous voltage detector. The proposed low voltage self-starting circuit operates at the generator starting, and is stopped when the control power of AVR system is stable. During soft-start, only self-starting circuit feeds the power forwards to generator in order to build-up the rated voltage generation. The instantaneous voltage detector and limit comparator select the control signal of exciter current controller. In order to get a fast dynamic response, the proposed instantaneous voltage detector and limit comparator adjusts the PWM signal. The proposed digital AVR excitation system is tested for performance compensation.


A new monotypic genus Batricavus Yin & Li, gen. nov. and species B. tibialis Yin & Li, sp. nov. are described from Guangdong Province, South China. The male and female habitus are illustrated as well as diagnostic characters of the new taxa. The new genus may be distinguished from the allied genera by the presence of a pair of sub-anterior impressions on the pronotum in both sexes.


The neo‐populist viewpoint on the agrarian question, developed in Russia from the late 19th century against Marxist theory, enjoys a modified revival in India today. The theoretical core of the neo‐populist framework consists in the idea of an economically undifferentiated, virtually homogeneous peasantry, which shows extreme stability and viability vis a vis the competition of capitalist production; and is of superior efficiency with respect to yield. There is a basic logical fallacy underlying this view, consisting in the positing of identical conditions of production for units with differing objectives of production—'subsistence' for peasant holdings and 'profit' for capitalist holdings—in a situation where they coexist and are linked through markets. In fact capitalist production cannot emerge at all unless it is accompanied by a rise in output and surplus per unit area compared to petty production, which presupposes technical change. The logical necessity of differing conditions of production, implie...


A Payment Cost Minimization auction has been proposed as an alternative to the Offer Cost Minimization auction for use in wholesale electric power markets with an intention to lower procurement cost of electricity. Efficiency concerns have been raised for this proposal while assuming that the true production costs would be revealed to the auctioneer in a competitive market. Using an experimental approach, the study compares the performance of these two complex-offer auctions, controlling for the level of unilateral market power. The analysis finds that neither auction results in allocations that correspond to the true cost revelation. Two auctions perform similarly in terms of procurement cost and efficiency. Surprisingly, consumer prices in a competitive environment approach the prices of an environment with market power. It appears that the expected institutional effects for procurement cost and efficiency are greatly dominated by the effects of anti-competitive behavior due to the offer complexity and a cyclical nature of market demand.


Specimen collected 01 October 1944. Original Locality: Lujan Creek, several miles below Chacon. Locality: Lujan Creek, several miles below Chacon.


Teaching materials and scientific argumentation should be provided to prospective chemistry teachers to fulfil their required professional competencies. The study aims to investigate the information about the students' perceptions concerning the ability in writing argument-based teaching materials for prospective teachers on voltaic cell subject. Twenty-one students of chemistry education program at the fifth semester, who are taking the subject of school chemistry in one university in Bandung, West Java, are chosen as the participants of this study. Questionnaires and interview are employed as the instruments. They are used to investigate the students' perceptions towards the characteristics of voltaic cell materials. The ability to draw a scientific argumentation (involve claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal) is revealed through the instruments of teaching materials writing task assessment. This study indicates that most of students's perception are that prospective chemistry teachers have to be able to write teaching materials and scientific argumentation and voltaic cell materials are easy to comprehend because it is a concrete material. The students have a difficulty to find a topic and to distinguish warrant component, backing, qualifier, rebuttal. Furthermore, the argumentation ability possessed by the students on their teaching materials is still considered in low category.


Introductory economics courses for undergraduates have increasingly been delivered online. This chapter documents not only the number of economics courses taught online and the types of institutions where they are offered, but it also highlights how the online environment changes how students learn and faculty members teach. As for how students perform in an online classroom and whether learning online is superior or inferior to learning face-to-face, the evidence is mixed. The overall finding with regard to student learning, however, is that there is no statistically significant difference in student learning in either the face-to-face or online environment. Finally, certain kinds of technology can enhance student learning in an online environment such as video lectures, blogs, and frequent homework assignments that guide students. This chapter concludes with a discussion of instructional design and how to make informed technology and assessment choices in the economics classroom that enhance student learning.