were hopefully set. Whereas I agree with sentiments regarding the difficulty of incomplete tracing, we must ensure that those who have been responsible for allocating quite considerable amounts of government funding to various projects are forced to face the realities after 20 years. If we don't do this, then we will just continue to fund projects without prioritizing those which are giving long-term benefit. Intervention was not listed individually due to the fact that over a 20 year period there were many agencies involved starting from post-natal care by Maternal and Child Welfare doing weekly weights, 'high protein' milk from the Aboriginal health teams for the 'failing to thrive' through to homework assistance for secondary school. It is also wrong to assume that there was no attempt made to compare with a cohort, the best comparison is obtained by looking at the original paper of 20 years ago which records maternal age of first pregnancy. This is a two generation follow up recording the maternal age at and frequency of pregnancy amongst people in Cunnamulla. The time is now; the problems are here now; it is time that we realise the unpalatable fact of reality, that parents are role models, and parental employment is a major determinate in deciding whether those children themselves seek employment in their future lives. When we know the answers, it is just selfish on our behalf to avoid trying to solve the problem by pretending to gain more data on which a decision may be made in the future. Every day delayed makes the problem worse, makes more children suffer and will reflect badly upon the compassion of Australian paediatricians.


The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of anhydrous sodium sulfide by heating sodium sulfide WITH A WATER CONTENT OF 35 TO 45% IN A DRYER CONTACT IDLE, RAISING THE TEMPERATURE MATERIAL TO BE DRIED IN A FEW 20 ° C APPROXIMATELY ON ENTRY OF MATERIAL TO ONES> 180 ° C MATERIAL IN OUTPUT.


The World Health Organization (WHO) now sees the COVID-19 pandemic as a global emergency event. Since there is no particular treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection at present and also since it takes a long time to find a new medicine, there is an immediate need for an urgent solution to this pandemic infection. Efficient care is encouraged, but caution should be practiced when mixing multiple medications and even complementary medicines. Among COVID-19 patients, a high incidence of extreme QTc interval prolongation and also cardiac adverse drug reaction were observed in triple combination therapy with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and lopinavir/ritonavir. Previous study has shown that medications are widely used in the management of COVID-19 associated with QT prolongation, and may increase the risk of cardiac diseases. In particular, in the treatment of COVID-19, special attention is given to antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as antiviral agents. These drugs are multichannel blockers and have specific effects on the human ether-a-go-go-related-gene (hERG) and Kir2.1. At the effective concentrations, especially Figure 1. Search criteria used to select articles.


The direct torque control space vector pulse width modulation (DTC-SVPWM) theory has achieved great success in the speed control of PMSM drives. A DTC-SVPWM technique of PMSM has been presented in this paper. Based on in-depth analysis of PMSM mathematical model in a-b-c frame and α-β frame are established and the operation principle of DTC-SVPWM system, the relationships between the torque and fundamental components. A novel SVPWM technique which has a feature of low harmonic is proposed. The proposed technique is adopted to design the DTC-SVPWM of a three-phase PMSM drives. A large number of simulation results show that the DTC-SVPWM technique of PMSM drives having good dynamic performance. Aiming at the DTC-SVPWM technique in PMSM drives, in this paper explained the theoretical basis of the DTC for PMSM firstly, and then explained the difference between the applications of DTC-SVPWM to PMSM drives. Finally the MATLAB/Simulink models were developed to examine the DTC-SVPWM for PMSM drives for enhancement of performance parameters of such motors. This article is very useful for researchers and scientific engineers for extending the research work in this area.


A new solid catalyzed synthesis of α-iminoesters is described. Various α-aminoesters react readily with aryl aldehydes to produce the corresponding imines in heterogeneous medium in the presence of bentonite (montmorillonite from oust region of Algeria). The products have been isolated in good to excellent yields. This new environmentally, friendly catalyst provides significantly higher yields than traditional methods during relatively short reaction times for the preparation of the target compounds.


The gravitational-wave (GW) inspirals of stellar-mass compact objects on to a supermassive black hole (SMBH), are some of the most promising GW sources detectable by next-generation space-born GW-detectors. The rates and characteristics of such extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) sources are highly uncertain. They are determined by the dynamics of stars near MBHs and the rate at which compacts objects are driven to the close proximity of the MBH. Here, we consider weakly and strongly mass-segregated nuclear clusters and the evolution of stars captured into highly eccentric orbits following binary disruptions by the MBH. We make use of a Monte Carlo approach to model the diffusion of both captured objects and compact-objects brought through two-body relaxation processes. We calculate the rates of GW-inspirals resulting from relaxation-driven objects and characterize EMRIs properties. We correct previous studies and show that relaxation-driven sources produce GW-sources with lower-eccentricity than previously found and provide the detailed EMRI eccentricity distribution in the weak and strong mass-segregation regimes. We also show that binary-disruption captured-stars could introduce low-eccentricity GW-sources of stellar BH EMRIs in mass-segregated clusters. The eccentricities of the GW-sources from the capture channel, however, are strongly affected by relaxation processes and are significantly higher than previously suggested. We find that both the rate and eccentricity distribution of EMRIs could probe the dynamics near MBHs, and the contribution of captured stars, characterize the mass-function of stellar compact objects, and verify whether weak or strong mass-segregation processes take place near MBHs.


Actuating device for a transmission consisting of a remote switching device (2) within which a lever (5) in predetermined positions (P, R, N, D) is locked, and the transmission (4) arranged adjusting device (3), the corresponding having positions (P, R, N, D), wherein the switching device (2) with the adjusting device (3) via a transmission element (6) and is provided a four-bar linkage (9) between the switching device (2) and the actuator (3) is characterized in that the four-bar linkage (9) is a pivot transmission the predetermined first position (P, R, N, D) of the lever (5) corresponding, second predetermined position of the adjusting device (3), which in its entirety is not the first positions correspond, are assigned.


Aiming at many kinds of shortcomings existed in current automotive control system,a hybrid network control system based on CAN/LIN bus was designed.The MCP2551,MCP201 were used as CAN/LIN bus transceiver,respectively.MC9S12XDG128 as the gateway makes CAN/LIN network interactive communication possible.In addition,the combination switch module signals were transported via LIN bus to achieve the bus and modular of the automotive control system.Finally,taking the practical application demands of an ODM into account,low power consumption and system fault diagnosis were designed and the security of the system is high.


A fully microscopic calculation for pion inelastic excitation of giant resonances in which random phase approximation transition densities are used is presented for the first time. The mixing of isoscalar and isovector modes is incorporated in the random phase approximation calculations and its effect on \ensuremath{\sigma}(${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$) vs \ensuremath{\sigma}(${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$) is discussed. Comparison with existing data is made and reasonable agreement is achieved.


International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net © Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. © Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, 15 Ulil Amna, Muhammad Hafiz Husna Hasnan, Kartini Ahmad, Abdul Manaf Ali, Khalijah Awang, Mohd. Azlan Nafiah Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Food Science, Tembila Campus, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. *Corresponding author's E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


At present, in the background of the multiphase rectifier system is widely used in medium voltage ship power system, the influence of DC grounding mode on the characteristics of DC monopole fault is analyzed for series 12-pulse uncontrolled rectifier system and paralleled 12-pulse uncontrolled rectifier system respectively. By establishing the electromagnetic transient model of the medium voltage power system under different topologies, fault voltage, recovery speed and fault current under different grounding modes are simulated and studied, and the fault mechanism is deeply analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of different grounding modes are compared. As a conclusion, for series 12-pulse rectifier system, the way of high impedance grounding through the middle point of the two series rectifier bridges is proposed. For paralleled 12-pulse rectifier system, high resistance grounding mode through the middle point of split capacitances on dc side is proposed, they are beneficial to improve the stability and transient performance of the system. That it is beneficial to improve the stability and transient performance of the system.


Abstract Objectives To evaluate the factors associated with discontinuation of breast-feeding before 12 months in order to make suggestions for achieving long-term breast-feeding. Design A descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting Gazi University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey. Subjects Mothers of 1230 children who discontinued breast-feeding at least 15 d before the last visit were asked to fill out a questionnaire about the discontinuation process. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the independent effects of factors that might influence breast-feeding discontinuation. Results Mean breast-feeding duration of the study group was 11·04 (sd 7·45) months. Introduction of bottle-feeding correlated with discontinuation of breast-feeding (r = 0·507, P = 0·001). Important risk factors for discontinuation of breast-feeding before the first 12 months were not exclusively breast-feeding at 3 and 6 months, prematurity, not having a plan about breast-feeding duration and maternity leave duration of ≤91 d for working mothers. The common reasons for abandoning breast-feeding in the first and second 6 months were similar, namely the mother's concerns about the sufficiency of breast milk. After 12 months and 18 months the reasons for discontinuation were the baby's unwillingness to eat solid foods while breast-feeding and the mother's perception that 'the baby is old enough', respectively. Conclusion The factors that improve long-term breast-feeding are successful exclusive breast-feeding in the first few months, intention of the mother to breast-feed and sufficient duration of maternity leave. This study emphasizes the importance of successful breast-feeding counselling during the first few months to achieve the desired long-term breast-feeding.


We show that there is a constant c such that any 3-uniform hypergraph H with n vertices and at least cn 5 / 2 edges contains a triangulation of the real projective plane as a subgraph. This resolves a conjecture of Kupavskii, Polyanskii, Tomon, and Zakharov. Furthermore, our work, combined with prior results, asymptotically determines the Tur´an number of all surfaces.


Containment sump is an important part of safety features of containment spray system and safety injection system of PWR NPP.Strainer clogging of containment sump will impact the normal operation of containment spray system and safety injection system,and challenge the safety of NPP. Many countries with NPP have researched the issues of sump strainer clogging.The regular bodies have also issued bulletins that required the licensee of NPP resolved the problem.This paper introduces the status and development of the issues of containment sump strainer clogging.


In future fifth‐generation and beyond radio systems, access points equipped with massive antennas will be deployed to support the increased communication demands. As a result, radio environments will become more dense and users will be exposed to higher electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation from wireless devices than today. This paper proposes to take preemptive action toward protecting the public health from potential EMF‐related ill effects by examining radiation‐aware solutions for future green wireless communication systems from the radio resource scheduling perspective. Our efforts focus on correlating the transmit power levels of the wireless system with the operands used to express the EMF dosimetry metrics known as maximum permissible exposure and specific absorption rate. In addition, we formulate power minimization problems subject to the maximum permissible exposure and specific absorption rate safety standards, and the individual user quality‐of‐service demands to derive convex optimization‐based solution of dynamic subcarrier allocation and adaptive power management. The simulation results confirm that our green solution reduces significantly the user exposure to radiation, while providing the required quality of service. We expect that our findings can kick off new research directions for controlling the public exposure to radiation from wireless devices in dense networks toward safer fifth‐generation communication systems.


ARNOLD FILTSER, Bar-Ilan University, Israel OMRIT FILTSER, The Open University of Israel, Israel Given a curve � with points in R� in a streaming fashion, and parameters � > 0 and � , we construct a distance oracle that uses� ( 1 � )�� log �−1 space, and given a query curve� with � points in R� , returns in �̃ (��) time a 1 + � approximation of the discrete Fréchet distance between � and � . In addition, we construct simpliications in the streaming model, oracle for distance queries to a sub-curve (in the static setting), and introduce the zoom-in problem. Our algorithms work in any dimension � , and therefore we generalize some useful tools and algorithms for curves under the discrete Fréchet distance to work eiciently in high dimensions.


This paper reports on work on the functional analysis and architecture synthesis for innovative traffic information and control systems, which is being carried out within the two European programs, DRIVE and PROMETHEUS. The focus here is restricted to those information and control functions which apply specifically to freeway traffic. This study followed a top down approach, decomposing the relevant functions into subfunctions and identifying the involved hardware components and required software tools. An overview of these analytical steps is given, and it is shown how an architecture synthesis may be performed in a unified framework using the results of this analysis. The paper outlines how several selected information and control functions should be integrated into an overall cooperating system making beneficial use of synergy effects.


A theoretical multi-slope wave propagation model is proposed based on ultra-wideband radio channel impulse response measurements in a dispersive channel. The theory, which applies to radiowave and acoustic propagation, relates multipath delay spread, propagation attenuation exponent, and the maximum possible rake gain for the multipath propagation channel.


Cardiac stress test is a method to overview an individual's heart functional capacity by exerting stress on the heart with physical activities such as walking, running, cycling and many more. The result is measured in term of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2MAX) with several options of measurement method. The options include direct testing, indirect testing (Bruce protocol, Modified Bruce protocol and Naughton protocol) and self-testing method (The Rockport Fitness Walking Test, Cooper Test and Heart Rate Ratio Method). This paper compares the available methods based on the equipment used, procedure, cost, and the suitability of each method based on the patient's condition. The result of direct testing precisely describes the heart condition meanwhile the indirect testing and self-testing method is interpreted in term of metabolic equivalents (METS). Finally, it can be deduced that direct testing can be used for a severe heart problem's patient and indirect testing and self-testing is more suitable for early and mid-detection of heart problem. The stress test is important for early detection, enables the doctor to evaluate and prognosis the patient's heart and suggests the best medication and alternative method to cure the patients.


Objective To investigate the formation of engineered tendon in vivo with autologous tenocytes as seed cells. Methods The autologous tenocytes were cultured and amplified in vitro and mixed with bio absorbable polyglycolic acid (PGA) to form a cell scaffold complex. This cell scaffold complex was implanted and bridged the defect of the superficial digital flexor tendon at the pig foot. A cell free PGA was implanted at another pig's foot as a control. The regenerated tendon was harvested after 6 weeks for gross, histology examinations and biomechanical analysis. Results The regenerated tissue at the experimental group was comparable to the normal tendon in gross and histology properties of tenocytes and collagen distribution. A misarranged collagen distribution and regenerated tissue cells were observed at the control group. The biomechanical results at the experimental group demonstrated 36.1%, 27.4% ,15.0% greater than those at the control group in maximum force, maximum stress and spring modulus, respectively. Conclusion Using tissue engineering technique autologous tenocytes can repair tendon defects.


To determine the rate constants for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with water-soluble porphyrins and their metalloporphyrins, tetrakis(4-sulfophenyl)porphine(TPPS), tetrakis(5-sulfothienyl)porphine (T(5-ST)P), tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine (TMPyP) and tetrakis(4-N-trimethylamino-phenyl)porphine (TTMAP), and Mn(III), Fe(III), Co(III) and Cu(II) complexes of TPPS and TMPyP, the γ-irradiation method, in which the fluorescence of hydroxybenzoates produced through reaction of benzoate with hydroxyl radicals generated by water-radiolysis is measured, were tried. However, since the porphyrins and metalloporphyrins show the characteristic absorption spectra in the visible region, the fluorescence of hydroxybenzoate products was disturbed by the colors. To separate the hydroxybenzoates from the colored solute, the products were extracted into ether under an acidic condition. The hydroxybenzoates were extracted thoroughly into the ether layer from an aqueous layer of less than pH 3 ; the residue was redissolved in phosphate buffer, pH 7.5; the solution was used to determine the rate constants. The rate constants for anionic porphyrins, TPPS, T(5-ST)P, were in the order of 109, and the constants for cationic porphyrins, TMPyP, TTMAP, in the order of 1010. Metal complexes of TPPS and TMPyP showed the rate constants of 6.9 to 11.4×109M-1S-1 and of 3.2 to 19.7×109M-1S-1, respectively.


In regular crystals, the width of the absorption lines arising from the magnetic moment of the electron or nucleus is caused primarily by the interaction between the magnetic dipoles. It is prohibitively difficult to determine the precise shape of the absorption line theoretically, but the invariance of the diagonal sum in quantum mechanics permits the calculation of the second moment of the frequency deviation, and hence the r.m.s. line breadth. The latter agrees excellently with the observations of Pake and Purcell on the magnetic absorption of the F nucleus in Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, both in absolute magnitude, and in the dependence on the direction between the magnetic field and the principal cubic axes. The fourth moment was also computed to examine how good an approximation is the conventional assumption of a Gaussian shape. As long as no exchange is present (the nuclear case) the Gaussian model is moderately good. For the 100 direction in a cubic crystal, the theoretical ratio of root mean fourth to root mean square breadth is 1.25. Pake and Purcell's measurements yield 1.24. A Gaussian model would require 1.32. The theory is extended to include crystals with two kinds of spin moments (two types of nuclei, or simultaneous nuclear and electronic spin). Coupling between unlike moments is less effective (by a factor ⅔ in the r.m.s. width) than that between like in broadening the lines.In the paramagnetic absorption caused by electronic spin, it is imperative to include the effect of exchange coupling. This interaction does not contribute to the second moment, but greatly increases the fourth. As a result, the lines are peaked much more sharply than one would compute from the second moment with the Gaussian model for line shape. This "exchange narrowing" explains why microwave paramagnetic absorption lines are much narrower than one first conjectures from the amount of dipolar coupling.The theoretical calculations are given in Sections II-IV. The final sections V-VI give the comparison with the experiments of Pake and Purcell, and with the model of Bloembergen, Purcell, and Pound, for r-f absorption in liquids.


The present technology relates to an information processing device and an information processing method for making it possible to detect that at least one of data and a parameter(s) of a command has been tampered. The command reception unit of an IC card receives read-out command from a reader/writer via an antenna. A MAC calculation unit calculates a MAC on the basis of the read-out address included in the parameter(s) of the read-out command and read-out data to be transmitted to the reader/writer. A response transmission unit transmits the read-out data and the MAC to the reader/writer via the antenna. The present technology can be applied to an IC card, for example.


In some statistical process monitoring applications, quality of a process or product is described by more than one ordinal factors called ordinal multivariate process. To show the relationship between these factors, an ordinal contingency table is used and modeled with ordinal log-linear model. In this paper, a new control charts based on ordinal-normal statistic is developed to monitor the ordinal log-linear model based processes in Phase II. Performance of the proposed control chart is evaluated through simulation studies and a real numerical example. In addition, to show the efficiency of ordinal-normal control chart, performance of the proposed control chart is compared with an existing Generalized-p chart. Results show the better performance of the proposed control chart in detecting the out-of-control condition.


Two new-drilled wells in the Prgovo Polje are pumped and additionally tested for the water supply of the island Lastovo. The research works were aimed at finding boundary quantitative and qualitative parameters for their optimal exploitation, desalination and use of the pumped water in the existent water supply system. Collected hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical data indicate the presence of stratified aquifer in the western part of Prgovo Polje consisting of two poorly connected horizons. Water from the shallower part of the aquifer, drilled by the well MZ-2 in the carbonate rocks at the edge of polje, is good enough for desalination. The deeper part of aquifer, drilled by the well MZ-1 in the carbonate cavern below the polje's clastic sediments, experiences the greater influence of the sea water. Its continuing pumping combined with low quantity of water is the main reason of the ever increasing influence of the sea water.


Gross biometrical observations were made on developing bursa of Fabricius of 75 keets at 7 day interval from day 1 to day 63 of age. The bursa weighed 0.034, 0.404 and 0.870 g at 1, 35 and 63 day of development, respectively. The percent increment in the weight of bursa was 52.94, 71.91 and 5.07 during 1 to 7, 29 to 35 and 57 to 63 day of age respectively. The bursa constituted 0.14, 0.19, and 0.15 per cent of the body weight on 1st, 35th and 63rd day of age, respectively. The diameter of bursa at day 1, 35th and 63rd day was 0.38, 1.35 and 1.73 cm respectively. The percent increment in bursal diameter was 18.42, 70.88 and 1.76 during 1. to 7, 29 to 35 and 57 to 63 day of development, respectively.


This paper is devoted to studying some properties of the Courant algebroids: we explain the so-called " conducting bundle construction " and use it to attach the Courant algebroid to Dixmier-Douady gerbe (following ideas of P. Severa). We remark that WZNW-Poisson condition of Klimcik and Strobl (math.SG/0104189) is the same as Dirac structure in some particular Courant algebroid. We propose the construction of the Lie algebroid on the loop space starting from the Lie algebroid on the manifold and conjecture that this construction applied to the Dirac structure above should give the Lie algebroid of symmetries in the WZNW-Poisson σ-model, we show that it is indeed true in the particular case of Poisson σ-model.


A technique is described which simplifies intracorporeal knot-tying during laparoscopic surgery. The technique is applicable to both novice and experienced laparoscopic surgeons, and has ergonomic, cost and safety advantages over previously reported methods.


Abstract Objective We investigated the effects of acute ingestion of Maytenus ilicifolia extract on metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses during a high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and its consequence on neuromuscular fatigue. Methods Ten healthy men underwent a HIIE (4 x 4 min, 3 min recovery) one hour after ingesting 400 mg of Maytenus ilicifolia extract (MIE) or placebo. Oxygen uptake ( O2), dioxide carbon production ( CO2), ventilation ( E) and heart rate (HR) were measured throughout the HIIE. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), voluntary activation (VA), and evoked 1, 10 and 100 Hz force twitch were measured before supplementation (baseline), and before (pre-HIIE) and after the HIIE (post-HIIE). Results The O2, E, E/ O2 ratio and HR increased progressively throughout the HIIE under both conditions (p < 0.05). MIE increased HR, however, at bouts 1 and 2 and mean O2 during HIIE. The mean respiratory exchange ratio during recovery was also reduced with MIE (p < 0.05). MVC and evoked force at 1, 10 and 100 Hz declined similarly after HIIE, regardless of the condition (MIE: −18 ± 17%, −50 ± 15%, −61 ± 13% and −34 ± 10% vs. placebo: −19 ± 15%, −48 ± 16%, −58 ± 12 and −29 ± 11%, respectively, p < 0.05). There was no effect of exercise or MIE on VA (p > 0.05). Conclusion MIE increases heart rate in the first bouts and mean oxygen uptake during HIIE without changes in neuromuscular fatigue development.


Tracheotomy is a common procedure in the head and neck surgery. A tracheostomy is an incision into the trachea that forms a temporary or permanent opening. The incision is usually transverse in the adult and runs between the second to the third tracheal ring. A tube is inserted through the opening to allow passage of air and removal of secretions instead of breathing through the nose and mouth. Whereas, the procedure can be very dangerous in some occasions such as intra-tracheal explosion due to oxygen supply from the ventilator, injury of the membranous portion between trachea and esophagus during the creation of orifice. For this, a safer and quicker way to perform tracheostomy was demonstrated in this report


Abstract An attempt was made to study the role of diet and lifestyle pattern in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Twentyfive male and twenty-five female elderly osteoporotic patients diagnosed by Singh's Index were assessed for background profile, lifestyle pattern and nutrient adequacy. The mean dietary intake of protein, calcium and vitamin C in male subjects was 48.97±0.89 g, 688.26±29.58 mg and 15.55±2.93 mg while it was 37.86±0.80 g, 663.49±31.91 mg and 24.84±4.74 mg respectively in female subjects. Results of the study revealed that nutrient intake by all the subjects were deficient as compared to the allowances suggested for elderly. However, in comparison to male subjects, percentage intake of calcium was slightly higher among female osteoporotic patients. On comparing the plasma ascorbic acid level of the subjects, it was found that female subjects had comparatively higher level (0.60±0.06 mg/dl) than the male counterparts (0.39±0.07 mg/dl). Significant positive correlation was found between the ascorbic acid intake and plasma ascorbic acid level. Thus it can be concluded that among females, factors other than diet may also play an important role in the development of osteoporosis.


East Region Maintenance Service Unit (UPHT) has three main targets to implement maintenance activities, namely on quality, on cost, and on time. These three targets are a form of UPHT commitment in maintaining customer confidence on work result. PT PJB (Bali Java Generation) wants UPHT to optimize the duration of overhaul time. The possible strategy could be applied consists of detailing working breakdown structure (WBS), working in two shifts, roll in - roll out spare parts, and the establishment of a competent quality control team. In this research, value added, non-value added, necessary non-value added, and workload activities were analyzed to optimize quality, duration, profit and minimize budget on project management overhaul gas turbine units. The instrument used in this study were Yamazumi Chart and NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). The results showed the percentage of value added activity was 38%, necessary non-value added was 51% and non-value added was 11% of the total overhaul. There is the potential to shorten the duration of the major overhaul changes in work schedules from those originally scheduled for 32 days, to only 18 days by using the two-shift pattern. The profit earned from shortening the duration of the overhaul is IDR 2,500,975,763.74.


. Separation of the desired from undesired objects is one of the most important challenges in computational geometry. In this respect, this study tends to cover the desired objects in one or a couple of geometric shapes such that all of the desired objects are included in the covering shapes while excluding the undesired objects. To this end, this study investigated the separation of polylines by minimal triangles with a given (cid:12)xed angle and using present O(NlogN)-time algorithm, where N is the number of all the desired and undesired polylines. A minimal triangle represents a triangle whose edges are tangential to the convex hull of the desired polylines. The motivation behind analyzing this separation problem lies in the need for separating the bichromatic objects that are modeled by polylines rather than points in real-life scenarios.


Resective Therapy: Applicable Today? The Rationale for Pocket Elimination Procedures through the Use of Osseous Resective Techniques Results of Longitudinal Human Studies Clinical Example One Clinical Example Two Financial Algorithms Specific Clinical Scenarios Scenario One: The Single-Rooted Decayed Tooth Clinical Example Three Clinical Example Four Scenario Two: A Single Missing Tooth Clinical Example Five Clinical Example Six Scenario Three: Multiple Missing Adjacent Posterior Teeth Scenario Four: A Missing Maxillary First Molar, When the Second Molar Is Present Eliminating less predictable therapies through implant use Clinical Example Seven The influence of patient health on treatment plan selection: Conclusions


The combustion of brown coals in Latrobe Valley power stations produces approximately 500 000 tonnes of solid wastes each year. Tills material, which includes precipitator ash, char and furnace ash, is hydraulically sluiced to large ashing ponds and the supernatant solution is ultimately discharged to the sea. There are significant operational and capital costs associated with the current ashing system. The ash produced from the Latrobe Valley coals is unique and has a wide variety of potential applications including soil conditioning, concrete and cement extenders, fillers in non-metallic materials, components of building products. In addition, with the application of appropriate technology, it is possible to extract char, sodium sulphate, calcium carbonate and magnesium metal (as the chloride) in substantial quantities from the ash. Research has been carried out to explore the prospects of these various options for ash utilisation. The research has focused on detailed characterisation of the ash material and the potential extraction efficiency for various species under various conditions. From this work a conceptual process has been developed and subsequent studies have been directed towards understanding variables and optimising operating regimes for product extraction. Currently, the work is concentrating on the separation of char, the development of high-grade carbon products and the extraction of sodium sulphate. A market survey for fly-ash materials was commissioned and the technical and economic prospects for various commercial products and processes have been explored. The results of this are presented with particular reference to the aims of maximising utility, minimising cost and minimising environmental impact of the SECV ashing operations.


A lattice-ordered ring $\Bbb R$ is called an {\sl OIRI-ring\/} if each of its order ideals is a ring ideal. Generalizing earlier work of Basly and Triki, OIRI-rings are characterized as those $f$-rings $\Bbb R$ such that $\Bbb R/\Bbb I$ is contained in an $f$-ring with an identity element that is a strong order unit for some nil $l$-ideal $\Bbb I$ of $\Bbb R$. In particular, if $P(\Bbb R)$ denotes the set of nilpotent elements of the $f$-ring $\Bbb R$, then $\Bbb R$ is an OIRI-ring if and only if $\Bbb R/P(\Bbb R)$ is contained in an $f$-ring with an identity element that is a strong order unit.


The presence of accommodation in nerve cells prompted the creation of a new model for neural computation. From neuron accommodation data gathered using microelectrodes, it was inferred that neural responses exhibit hysteresis-like loops. The upper and lower halves of such hysteresis loops are described by two equations. Generalizing the two equations to two families of curves accounts for loops of various sizes. The authors demonstrate that this model is capable of memorizing the entire history of its neural excitations.<<ETX>>


Automatic handling, maintenance and repair procedures in orbital space applications will gain importance in the future. Lightweight space robots could be used for many of these tasks, provided they would be dexterous enough and more flexible in their perception of the working environment than the present ones. The employment of vision enables a robot to grasp, and manipulate inspected objects autonomously. The paper describes the interaction between robot, camera and a multisensory gripper for performance of local repair tasks, e.g. opening the jammed solar panel of a satellite, by 3D active inspection. Central points of interest have been the composition of information acquired from image sequences as well as the object localization in the robot work space and the supervision of grasping procedures. Besides a description of the system structure and the underlying ideas, experiences and results from terrestrial lab experiments are presented in order to discuss the limits and possibilities of the use of vision for space robotic tasks.


School attendance boundaries are a contentious issue in New Zealand, and have been relaxed and re-imposed depending upon political sentiment. Critics contend that a supposedly egalitarian state school system becomes one of selection by mortgage, with the value of 'free' schools capitalized into property prices. Attendance boundaries restrict the schooling opportunity set facing a student, who typically is unable to study at nearby high-performing schools if they live outside their boundary. We relate schooling opportunity sets to sales prices of over 8000 houses in Christchurch, controlling for dwelling attributes, neighborhood characteristics and geographic accessibility to a wide range of services. Our model explains over three-quarters of the variation in prices and we use this model to predict property prices if there were no attendance boundaries. Abolishing boundaries expands most schooling opportunity sets and predicted house prices generally rise. But prices would fall in some higher income neighborhoods with highly educated residents, who are likely to oppose reform of school attendance boundaries.


Egg albumin was used as the positive control and balanced salt solution (PBS) was used as the negative control to observe general allergic reactions of shrimp protein. Guinea pig was used to establish an animal model for shrimp protein sensitivity test by observing the effect of shrimp protein on isolated ileal smooth muscle contraction reaction (Schultz-Dale reaction). Results indicated that the general allergic reactions in each guinea pig were positive after stimulated by egg albumin at a concentration varying from 0.01 to 1 g/100mL. All the guinea pigs died after the stimulation with egg albumin at a concentration of 0.1 g/100mL. The general allergic reactions of shrimp protein were similar with those of egg albumin at the similar concentration range from 0.01 to 1 g/100mL. Meanwhile,the Schultz-Dale reaction results were also similar with those of systemic allergic reactions. Therefore,an animal model for shrimp protein sensitivity test has been successfully established.


Photostress recovery time (PSRT) is a clinical procedure that measures the amount of time required for the macular to return to its normal level of function after being exposed to a bright light source. This study was a case control clinical study carried out to measure the foveal and extra-foveal photo stress recovery time in participants with primary open angle glaucoma. Fifty five subjects, 24 with primary open angle glaucoma with a mean age of 34.38±12.19 and 31 control subjects with a mean age of 26.58±7.23 were used in this study. The mean photostress recovery time measured on the fovea, 7o nasal, temporal, inferior and superior to the fovea were, 62.38±4.67, 8.71±7.19, 11.23±10.96, 12.08±8.96 and 12.44±9.30 respectively for subjects with primary open angle glaucoma. For the control subjects, the mean photostress recovery time measured on the fovea, 7o nasal, temporal, inferior and superior to the fovea were 23.29±1.63 11.89±8.62, 11.53±8.19, 12.89±8.67 and 13.60±8.36 respectively. Analysis with SPSS version 21 using the two factor ANOVA showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in photostress recovery time 7o nasally, temporally, inferiorly and superior to the fovea between primary open angle glaucoma subjects and a control group. Data analysis with the independent sample t-test also showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in photostress recovery time on the fovea between primary open angle glaucoma subjects and a control group. In conclusion, primary open angle glaucoma alters the photostress recovery time, both on the fovea and extra-foveal region of the retina. Photostress recovery test should be included in the routine eye examination of patients. Keywords: Primary Open angle glaucoma, Photostress recovery time, foveal, extra-foveal


de a e a escolaridade Médio incompleto malária. Demonstrando que embora tenham ocorrido progressos quanto ao controle da malária em nosso país, observa-se grande número de casos confirmados exigindo quanto ABSTRACT Malaria is an infectious-parasitic disease, caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, realization of this study, which is an epidemiological, descriptive, time series study, carried out using secondary data from the Health Information Systems of the Unified System de Saúde (Datasus) - TABNET / DATASUS, from which data on malaria in Brazil were extracted, from 2010 to 2019. A predominance of infection was found in the following order, in number of cases: Plasmodium vivax-4736, Plasmodium falciparum-1767, mixed by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax-229, asexual and sexed forms of P. falciparum (F + Fg) -187, asexual and sexed forms of P. vivax (V + Fg) with 101 cases, infections by P. ovale -53, P. malariae-38, only plasmodium gametocytes (Fg) 17 and by mixed infection by P. falciparum and P. malariae-8. There was a decreasing trend in the number of cases from 2010 to 2017, peaking in 2018 and decreasing in 2019, the region with the highest number of cases was the Southeast with 3385 cases, the most affected race was white followed by browns, the age group with the greatest prevalence was between 20 and 39 years old and schooling with incomplete secondary education was more affected by malaria. Demonstrating that although progress has been made in the control of malaria in our country, there is still a large number of confirmed cases in Brazil, still requiring improvements in its control and possible eradication.


Cornwall, in the far west of England, has long been a popular holiday destination, attracting visitors with a range of motivations, both domestically and internationally. At the same time, gastronomy has become more of a motivation, and when viewed on the small screen with celebrity chef involvement, it is argued that a form of film-induced tourism occurs. The research identified the influence of television celebrity chef Rick Stein upon visitors to the small, coastal town of Padstow, also now known as Padstein. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Clinical features of 51 patients confirmed with mitochondrial respiratory chain disease and clinical investigations most helpful in diagnosis of different phenotypes are reported from the Divisions of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurobiology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.


Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of olive oil with ethanol to produce biodiesel was studied. Operation optimization with low cost lipase, Lipase OF, was proposed. The conversion was low because Lipase OF had low resistance for ethanol. To prevent deactivation, a hydrolysis–esterification two-stage system was employed. Ethanol was added in three ways, adding at once, dividing ethanol into 3 and continuous feed. Introducing ethanol continuously by a pump had the highest conversion. Also diluted ethanol improved the conversion. Fermentation raw ethanol can produce almost the same amount biodiesel as the diluted reagent.


Zingiber officinale as an herbal medicinal plant is used for its potential antimicrobial activity against different microbial pathogens. Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as an important nosocomial pathogen especially in intensive care units is responsible for a wide range of serious infections in humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Z. officinale extracts on growth of A. baumannii strains isolated from hospitalized patients in intensive care units in Tehran, Iran. During a 9 month study, 50 multi-drug resistant A. baumannii isolates were recovered from patients in ICU. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine resistance patterns of Multi-drug resistant A. baumannii isolates to antimicrobial agents. Micro-broth dilution method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of methanol, acetone, and chloroform extracts of Z. officinale against multi-drug resistant A. baumannii isolates. The results of susceptibility testing showed that all the isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefepime and piperacillin. Resistance to colistin was found to be low (4%) and exhibited good antibacterial activity against tested isolates. This study's findings revealed that methanol, acetone, and chloroform extracts of Z. officinale have anti-bacterial activity against tested bacterial isolates. Based on the results, the chloroform extracted fraction showed the highest level of activity at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 25 mg/ml on multi-drug resistant A. baumannii (64%). The minimal inhibitory concentration of ginger extract was as low as 3.2 mg/ml. The present study indicated that Z. officinale extracts, at various concentrations could be used as an antibacterial agent for treatment of patients in ICUs.


A set of inclination measurement-based high-resolution liquid-level laser detecting system is developed to detect the liquid-level of stereolithography apparatus,where a brightness-variable laser source is adopted to remove the computational error of divider,and a closed-loop circuit is set to measure the terminal voltage directly proportional to the output current of position sensitive device and hence the position of laser beam can be accurately indicated.An AC-modulated laser enables to separate background light and dark current to effectively eliminate the influence of stray light and dark current on the detection accuracy.By means of the precision calibration of detecting system,the resolution of this system can reach to 1.5 μm in the liquid-level varying range of 1-7 mm.


In the last decade, Turkey followed a managed floating exchange rate regime until the late 1999s. In January 2000, Turkey signed a stand-by agreement with the IMF and began following a stabilization program, which involved implementing a crawling peg exchange rate regime. In February 2001, an argument between Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit and President Ahmet Necdet Sezer over how to fight with public-sector corruption triggered a severe financial crisis leading to a sky-high overnight rate as much as 6200% in uncompounded terms, and a huge decline in foreign exchange reserves of the Central Bank. Consequently, the exchange rate system collapsed and the Central Bank had no option but allowed the Lira to float freely. This article argues that the political considerations were an important factor behind the crisis of the Turkish Lira in February 2001. To test this hypothesis, a linear probability model based on five conventional macroeconomic indicators, and two political variables spanning the period between 1982 and 2001 is built. Evidence emerges that traditional variables such as domestic credit, money supply, and stock market index, as well as the number of political parties in the government, and the timing of elections are significant in explaining the crisis. Results further suggest that inclusion of political variables in the regression model helped in explaining the crisis better through augmenting the fitness of the regression line.


The article discusses interactive environment achieved through the use of existing software as well as creating new educational resources. Their systematic application promotes basic competences according to higher schools' state standards.


In this chapter we analyze the AI in NPCs in different games. In 2 studies we apply and develop a method for analyzing game AI based on a framework developed for classifying social theories and the ...


SUMMARY In this paper a time-domain direct identification method is presented for the identification of vehicle system mass, damping and stiffness matrices, as well as for parameters of nonlinear components which are "linear-in-the-parameters". The method is based on least-square type of error costs which are constructed from system dynamic equations. The estimated system parameters are then tuned to minimize each of these cost functions. The parameters are directly identified from the deduced algorithm without iteration. To demonstrate the proposed identification procedure, the method is applied to a four degree-of-freedom vehicle; different nonlinear suspension components, such as cubic springs, nonlinear hydraulic and frictional dampers and their combinations are considered. It can be seen that by using the proposed method, all the unknown system parameters are identified with sufficient accuracy, low memory and computation time.


There is little doubt that the pocket gopher is a pest where he is abundant on cultivated lands. In the irrigated West he has multiplied on foodstuffs provided by agriculture, and has invaded arid territory where, were it not for irrigation, he would not be found (Dixon '22). On wild lands, however, particularly mountain range-watersheds, opinion about the pocket gopher is sharply divided. Some observers, like Grinnell ('23, '33) and Taylor ('35), regard him as a necessary part of nature's economy, believing that he plays an important role in deepening and fertilizing mountain soils and in checking erosion. On the other hand Day ('31), Gabrielson ('38), and Peck ('41) condemn the pocket gopher as a prime cause of accelerated soil erosion on mountain lands. So complete a contradiction indicates a need for additional facts. This paper is a contribution to the ecology of the pocket gopher on subalpine rangeland of the Wasatch Plateau in central Utah.1 The subject matter will be restricted to direct and indirect influences on soil erosion on the range, and will touch upon the ecology of vegetation insofar as obvious relationships between pocket gophers and vegetation relate to soil erosion.


Head pose estimation helps to align a 3D face model to a 2D image, which is critical to research requiring dense 2D-to-2D or 3D-to-2D correspondence. Traditional pose estimation relies strongly on the accuracy of landmarks, so it is sensitive to missing or incorrect landmarks. In this paper, we propose a landmark-free approach to estimate the pose projection matrix. The method can be used to estimate this matrix in unconstrained scenarios and we demonstrate its effectiveness through multiple head pose estimation experiments.


A field gamma-ray counter suitable for measuring weak radioactive sources has been designed and built. It was mounted in a truck and used to investigate the distribution of radioactivity over two batholiths in the Pre-Cambrian Shield. The distribution of radioactivity had previously been investigated by determining the alpha ray emission from prepared hand specimens.

The instrument is described. By recording the anticoincident counts between two rows of Geiger tubes, approximately 70 per cent of the cosmic-ray background was eliminated, making possible more precise and rapid determination over weakly radioactive rocks. Since gamma radiation was recorded sampling errors were considerably reduced. The instrument was calibrated using artificially prepared rock bodies.

Diagrams are presented for the two batholiths and for a suite of freshly exposed Pre-Cambrian rocks showing the readings obtained in this way compared with those obtained by the alpha counting method. The uncertainties in interpretation of field results due to the presence of potassium in rocks are discussed.


Up to now, violent scene in television and film still influence children. Sadly, there was a child passed away because of his imitating an animated cartoon scene 'Naruto' shown on one private TV station. A policy to control the violent behaviour shown in TV becomes necessary. One main effort which could be offered to address the problems is as follow; optimizing the film censorship board with authority to prohibit TV stations to display films or events that show violence that can be dangerous for children's viewing.


'Sport promotes integration': this idea seems to be commonly accepted both in France and in the UK, even though the authorities in each country see the issue of 'ethnic minorities' very differently. This article draws on research based on interviews with the main actors of 'socio-sports' policies in the cities of Lyon and Birmingham and on analysis of consultation procedures and official documents, to show that sport provides a set of symbolic markers that helps the authorities, professionals and 'ethnic minorities' to get their bearings in an uncertain multicultural situation. Although 'ethnic minorities' try to control the direction of sports policies in pursuit of their own objectives, their strategies tend to be 'routinized' around markers legitimized by the authorities in response to the success of certain sporting practices. Sports policies, therefore, promote 'security' of identity for these 'minorities' by 'mapping' their environment using the values and principles of sport. Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2002.


Noiseless optical amplification–a non-classical process in which a weak
 optical signal may be amplified without any
 degradation in the signal to noise ratio (SNR)–is generating interest
 in the telecommunications community. Although successfully
 demonstrated in bulk KTP crystals1, practical applications
 are severely hampered by the enormous pump-field strength required to
 obtain a sizeable gain. Efforts to reduce this requirement are centred
 on the search for better non-linear materials and stronger confinement
 of the interacting fields. In this article a noiseless optical
 parametric amplifier (OPA) is demonstrated with tightly-focused
 incident fields in quasi-phase-matched (QPM) lithium niobate
 (LiNbO3), for the first time. The quantum noise properties
 are analysed within a quantised field framework which reveals a strong
 similarity between guided and free wave interactions.


A 48-year-old woman presented with the complaint of abdominal pain. She was fertile and had regular menses. Physical examination revealed tenderness in lower abdominal quadrants. The examination of the genital system was normal. Routine chemistry and the hemogram of the patient were in normal range. Tumor markers were as follows: CA125: 81 U/mL (normal range <35), CA19-9: 56 U/mL (normal range<39), the CEA CA15-3, AFP were in normal range. In the pelvic sonography the uterus and the ovaries were normal. Colonoscopy revealed a normal mucosal lining of the colon but an external compression at the beginning of sigmoid colon was marked. In the abdominal computerised tomography scanning an increase of the wall thickness and a partial obstruction at the level of the sigmoid colon was noted. These findings let us to think the case as a primary sigmoid tumor. Rectum and the perirectal fat tissue plans were normal and no patological lympahadenopathy was observed on computerised tomography. Cervical cytology was within normal limits.


signaldetection, monitoring and reporting mechanisms, statistical methods, and databases); Part III, "Pharmacovigilance and SelectedSystem OrganClasses"(II chapterson adverse drug reactions [ADRsl, including those affecting the skin, with 9 color photographs of cutaneous ADRs; gastrointestinaltract and liver; hematologicsystem;eyes, kidneys,and cardiovascular system; as wellas issuesin children and the elderly); Part IV,"Key CurrentTopics"(5 chapterson risk management, HRT, COX-2inhibitors, andan introduction to pharmionics); and PartV, "Lessonsand Directions" (4 chapterson teachingand other specificissues,including pharmacogenetics andADRs). Usability: Although not a handbook, the book is organized in a clear andconcise manner and it is easy to findinformation on a particular topic from the table of contentsor the index.The chapters are reasonably wellreferenced and up-to-date. Highlights: This edition remains an excellent and comprehensive overview of the fieldof pharmacovigilance. The originaltopicscovered are all informativeones, and the chapterson monitoringand databases are particularly useful in identifying and assessingapproaches to signal detection. The history anddescription of the pharmacovigilance program in the Netherlands (Chapter22) willbe of particularinterestto pharmacists, as the professionhas played a major role in the initiationand advancement of the Dutchsystem.In addition,there is the valuableinclusionof a chapteron pharmionics (Chapter48), a newfield that investigates the factors and outcomes associated with patient adherence and exposure to prescribed medication.Finally, the chapters on the recent casesinvolving SSRIsin children and adolescents, HRT, and COX-2inhibitors (Chapters 45-47) are valuable contributions, as thesecases provideimportant lessonsfor thefuture. Reviewer's Summary: This is a must-have resource for professionals involved in pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacovigilance practice and research. In Chapter49, the case is also madefor the importance of educating medical and pharmacypractitioners on the needand methodsfor pharmacovigilanceand the roles they can play.This book would also serve as a useful reference text for those wishing to develop a formal coursefor undergraduates or graduate students.


With ionic liquid (IL) gating in electric-double-layer transistors (EDLTs), we report field effect operation and electronic state modulation in a layered material of SnS2, demonstrating that the EDLT is applicable to modifying the electronic properties of metal dichalcogenides. The IL-gated SnS2 EDLTs allow us to realize high performance transistor operation and to achieve interfacial carrier accumulation to a level as high as 5.4×1014 cm−2, as quantitatively estimated from the Hall effect. A considerable decrease of the activation energy in temperature-dependent sheet resistance implies that liquid gating is an effective way to tune the electronic states of metal dichalcogenides at EDL interfaces.


A case is reported of a 34 year old male in whom a single destructive lesion of the skull due to sarcoidosis developed following minor trauma.This patient had pulmonary sarcoidosis on roentgenography and represents the fifth case of cranial sarcoidosis reported in the literature.


Various structure MgB2/NbCu multi-filamentary wires with TiC doping was fabricated by the in-situ powder-in-tube(PIT) technique with Nb bar as the centre reinforcement materials.The MgB2/NbCu multi-filamentary wires were heat-treatment at 700℃ for 2 hours on flowing argon.The stress-strain properties,microstructure and superconducting properties of MgB2 wires were analysis,respectively.The stress-strain results show that the Nb reinforcement can enhance the mechanics properties obviously.The microstructure analysis shows the good grain connection and higher density was obtain.The transfer critical current density was measurement by the standard four-probe wires technique at 4.2 K.The result indicates that this technique can fabricated applied multi-filamentary MgB2 superconducting wires.


Multidimensional-multi-physical phenomena in nuclear fuels are treated as a set of mono-dimensional-coupled problems which encompass heat, displacement, fuel constituent redistribution, and fission gas release. Rather than uncoupling these coupled equations as in conventional fuel performance analysis codes, efforts are put into to obtain fully coupled solutions by relying on the recent advances of numerical analysis. Through this approach, a new SFR metal fuel performance analysis code, called PUMA (Performance of Uranium Metal fuel rod Analysis code) is under development. Although coupling between temperature and fuel constituent was made easily, the coupling between the mechanical equilibrium equation and a set of stiff kinetics equations for fission gas release is accomplished by introducing one-level Newton scheme through backward differentiation formula. Displacement equations from 1D finite element formulation of the mechanical equilibrium equation are solved simultaneously with stress equation, creep equation, swelling equation, and FGR equations. Calculations was made successfully such that the swelling and the hydrostatic pressure are interrelated each other. (authors)


An increased number of polygons in virtual objects cause a delay in simulation time, making it difficult to handle haptic interactions, which need real-time processing in virtual worlds. Previous studies reduced the number of polygons in objects by representing the roughness of an object's surface as a texture, thus reducing the processing time. However, it is difficult to simulate the interaction of an arbitrary-shaped object with this pseudo-roughness, because the conventional methods cannot accept that the object makes contact with two or more points of the polygons at the same time. To solve these problems, we propose a PPRM (plural pixels reference method), an interaction method for merging pixel values of textures that skips the process of copying polygons from the pixels of textures. Experimental results show that the PPRM has a faster processing speed than the conventional method when using a large number of polygons, and is more accurate than the conventional method.


Objective To study the effects of huang lian jie du decoction on blood lipids in rats with atherosclerosis. Methods Atherosclerosis models were established in rats,and randomly assigned into normal group,model group,atorvastatin group and huang lian jie du decoction groups (low dosage,moderate dosage and the high dosage groups). Blood lipids were determined by automated biochemistry analyzer at week 10. Results Huang lian jie du decoction groups significantly lower the levels of CHOL,TG and LDL-C and increased the levels of HDL-C. Conclusion Huang lian jie du decoction exerts an anti-atherosclerotic effects via reducing blood lipid level.


Integrating process with dead-time is commonly encountered in process industry. Integrating process can usually be approximated by a low-order plus time-delay model. In this paper, a simple fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller tuning method is proposed for a generalized second-order integrating process with dead-time, which is based on matching the coefficients of corresponding powers of s in the numerator and that in the denominator of a closed-loop system. A simple tuning parameter for PID controller is obtained. A new exponential term approximation is introduced which can reduce the model error. The proof shows that the system performance can be guaranteed. The fuzzy rule base is built and fuzzy tuning of the obtained tuning parameter is applied. The result of the fuzzy tuning method is compared with that proposed in literature under both time varying and non-varying condition. The proposed simple fuzzy tuning method shows a better time domain performance and good robustness under time varying condition.


The utility model discloses a penetrate sand mechanism for molding machine, include the frame, penetrate a sand section of thick bamboo, cope, bottom boxd, it is provided with sand pipe and lower sand pipe to penetrate sand section of thick bamboo lower extreme, it is provided with the one deck cavity to penetrate the position that sand section of thick bamboo hypomere is relative with sand pipe, be provided with the play aerofoil that the one deck aperture is lighter than the sand grain particle diameter on the cavity, the cover has the air duct after going out the aerofoil, and the air duct is connected with air compressor. The utility model discloses a sand grain that air compressor agitated the sand grain to jet into the sand box when only leaning on gravity and get into the sand box is piled up closelyr, simultaneously the gas pocket still less, the yields is higher, adopt plain cotton fabric and orifice plate combination simultaneously for pressure is bigger, and loss of pressure is less, the reflective injection sand grain of sand board is led in the adoption, can avoid sand grain direct impact on the mould and produce the space, can effectively increase the yields.


In many learning problems, feature discretization(FD) techniques yield compact data representations, which often lead to shorter training time and higher classification accuracy. In this paper, we propose two new FD techniques. The first method is based on the classical Linde-Buzo-Gray quantization algorithm, guided by a relevance criterion, and is able to work in unsupervised, supervised, or semi-supervised scenarios, depending on the adopted measure of relevance. The second method is a supervised technique based on the maximization of the mutual information between each discrete feature and the class label. For both methods, our experiments on standard benchmark datasets show their ability to scale up to high-dimensional data, attaining in many cases better accuracy than other FD approaches, while using fewer discretization intervals.


New highly effective potentially low-cost SLDs for fiber-optic sensor applications are reported, with strongly reduced output power on temperature dependence. Singlemode non-cooled fiber pigtailed TO-like modules have been assembled on the base of these emitters, providing 1 mW fiber output at +85 degC ambient temperature with -60 dB secondary coherence subpeaks reflectivity.


Emergence of fascist Japan and German in the 1930s gravely threatened security of Soviet Union from east and west. Therefore, Soviet Union stopped the policy of world revolution with leading role of labor class and planned to establish world United Front with bourgeois class of each country and to confront with fascist Japan and German. The 7th Communist International Congress held in July 1935 at Moscow became the watershed of turnover of Soviet Union policy. Soviet Union continually gave pressure on China Communist Party (CCP) to establish anti-Japanese united front with Kuomintang (KMT) leading role. Deadly crushed Red army after Long March in 1935 and military assistance of German towards KMT government became other reasons to press CCP for establishing United Front with KMT leading role. On the other hand, Soviet Union gave pressure on Kuomintang to form anti-Japanese united front with CCP. Soviet Union promised military assistance to Kuomintang on condition that Kuomintang stop anti-Red army operation and start anti-Japanese military operation with CCP together. Continued endeavor of Soviet Union formed solid foundation for quick establishing KMT-CCP United Front after Sino-Japanese War broke out, and the United Front between KMT and CCP lasted for 8 years of Anti-Japanese War.


Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of telmisartan tablets imported(test)versus locally manufactured(reference). Methods Eighteen healthy male volunteers were randomly administered a single crossover dose of 80 mg test and reference tablets.Plasma telmisartan concentration was determined by HPLC-Fluorescent.The relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of the tablets were analyzed using the 3p97 program. Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference tablets were as follows:tmax(1.25±0.48)vs.(1.17±0.49)h,ρmax(3.38±1.92)vs.(3.27±1.80)mg·L-1,t1/2(29.0±8.64)vs.(27.0±7.93)h,AUC0-t(21.27±14.82)vs.(21.13±12.59)mg·h·L-1,AUC0-∞(23.43±17.74)vs.(22.93±14.67)mg·h·L-1.The relative bioavailability of the test formulation was(99.1±16.9)%. Conclusions The test tablets are bioequivalent to the reference tablets.


The using of the pesticides of dinitrophenol type in agriculture has as consequence the major pollution of the environment, the plants taking these substances from the soil and once with these ones they reach in the human and animal organism where they product disequilibrium that are interpreted through the accumulation of free oxygen radicals with direct repercussions on the antioxidant enzyme�s synthesis intensification and on their activity�s increase. The apply of treatments on the barley seeds had significant effects regarding the seeds� germination, the young plants� growth, the oxidative stress enzymes� activity, but also regarding the content of photoassimilators and carotenoids pigments.

https://revistadechimie.ro/count_redirect.asp?RevChimieID=6491&pdfArticle=pdf/45 TODIRASCU CIORNEA 8 18.pdf


O n both sides of the Atlantic, the past decade ushered in a wave of reforms in schooling and teacher education that continues to arouse deep emotion and debate among educational scholars and school practitioners. The conservative governments in England and the United States, concerned about declining economic competitiveness, set out educational reform agendas intended to bolster sagging GNPs through a more technologically proficient work force. Letting the "hand of the market" operate freely in communities through "schools of choice" is supposed to allow better schools to emerge. Raising the standards for entry into the teaching profession and requiring more of a "knowledge base" for teachers are supposed to improve instruction. Establishing a core curriculum and requiring national testing are supposed to enhance student learning. Or so the argument goes.


We report a fundamentally new approach to enhance fluorescence in which surface adsorbed fluorophore‐tagged biomolecules are excited on a photonic crystal surface that functions as a narrow bandwidth and tunable mirror of an external cavity laser. This scheme leads to ∼10× increase in the electromagnetic enhancement factor compared to ordinary photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence. In our experiments, the cavity automatically tunes its lasing wavelength to the resonance wavelength of the photonic crystal, ensuring optimal on‐resonance coupling even in the presence of variable device parameters and variations in the density of surface‐adsorbed capture molecules. We achieve ∼105× improvement in the limit of detection of a fluorophore‐tagged protein compared to its detection on an unpatterned glass substrate. The enhanced fluorescence signal and easy optical alignment make cavity‐coupled photonic crystals a viable approach for further reducing detection limits of optically‐excited light emitters that are used in biological assays. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Abstract : The initiation and growth of cracks in a fuselage lap joint were simulated. Stochastic distributions of crack initiation and rivet interference were included. The simulation also contained a simplified crack link-up criterion and the effect of rivet interference on crack growth. nominal crack growth behavior of Large cracks was derived from the simulation results. These calculations implied that Large cracks spend most of their Lives as multiple small cracks and that the final growth and coalescence occur rapidly. The nominal crack growth histories were applied to "C-check" crack detection data from the Service Difficulty Report (SDR) database to estimate the sizes of cracks when they were missed during previous inspections. These "nondetection events" were also estimated by assuming that each detected crack had always been a single crack. The results of each method were appropriately filtered and used to estimate probability of crack detection (POD) using the maximum likelihood technique. The POD estimates obtained from the single crack model are probably conservative, but the underlying assumption of slow crack growth (and therefore more inspection opportunities) might result in unconservative damage tolerance analyses.


The aim of this study is to investigate physical, chemical and minerological properties of soils formed on Eldivan Ofiolit Complex in Southwest of Cankiri province. This complex consists of ultra basic and basic rocks that are gabbro, basalt, peridotite, pyroxenit, diabase and also cherty limestone and mudstone. Six different layers were determined on hilly slope land that is approximately 40 m high and soil samples were taken from each layer. Physical, chemical and minerological compositions determined by using XRD analysis were done for each soil sample. According to analysis results, it was found that there are slightly differences among the layers. Dominant clay mineral is smectite (Ca-Montmorillonite) for all layers and following it illite, clorite and kaolinite were determined. In addition that exception of clay minerals, quarts, calcite. serpentine, feldspars were also found in soil samples. Basic cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K) and Fe ions are significantly high in research soils. Rubefaction, one of the soil formation processes, was determined in study area.


This paper provides an empirical test of the Coase Theorem. I analyze whether emissions are independent from allowance allocations in the electricity sector regulated under the EU's Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). Exogenous variation in levels of free allocation for power producing installations enables a difference-in-differences strategy. The analysis reveals that a change in al- location levels does not significantly affect emissions, either at the plant or firm level. However, I identify an adjustment period with temporarily lower emissions for some firms. The results suggest that policy makers may use free allocation as a political tool without compromising the program's cost-effectiveness.


The FPGA project The first step is to develop the FPGA-based embedded project following a simple, graphical approach. This is done with the help of the so-called OpenBus structure, which includes the IP peripheral controllers and the TSK3000 processor. The processor and the used peripherals and memory controllers can easily be connected in an OpenBus document. The required buses and control lines are created automatically. All the designer has to do is connect the components via the master/slave ports.


An advisory committee meeting at the FDA, scheduled for late February, is expected to re-ignite a debate over point-of-prescription information that pharmacies provide to consumers. The debate has been going on since the waning days of President Jimmy Carter's administration, believe it or not, and finally resulted in legislative requirements set up by Congress in 1995. As a result, pharmacies were faced with the task of voluntarily meeting certain yardsticks for distributing consumer medication information (CMI). These targets have clearly not been met, according to an FDA report published in December 2008.

Janet Woodcock, MD, Director of the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, said: "The current voluntary system has failed to provide consumers with the quality information they need in order to use medicines effectively and safely. Because the congressional goals have not been met, the FDA intends to seek public comment on initiatives that can be used to meet the goals."

A CMI is a computer-generated, one-page sheet that pharmacists can staple to or place inside the bag into which a prescription vial is placed before they hand it to the consumer. A CMI differs from the professional labeling that drug companies produce for each drug. A drug product's labeling can run for 30 pages or more; it covers uses, contraindications, and warnings, and it is intended for physicians. Pharmaceutical companies also produce consumer medication guides about specific drugs that the FDA has identified as particularly risky in terms of potential adverse effects. Pharmacies distribute the guides, which are required for about 40 drugs.

The pharmacy, not the drug company, is responsible for producing the CMI and for attaching it to the prescription. Private third-party vendors write a meticulously worded CMI for each drug and then update the information. The pharmacy decides which elements of each CMI it will actually print and attach to the prescription for the consumer.

The idea of requiring pharmacies to hand out a brief summary of a drug's potential adverse effects originated during the Carter administration. A regulation was readied by the FDA, but the incoming Reagan administration put it on the back burner in 1982. It stayed there until President Bill Clinton took office. In 1995, the FDA dusted off the Carter initiative and published a proposed rule that would require 75% of prescriptions filled in the year 2000 to be accompanied by useful CMI—whose format the FDA would dictate—and that percentage would increase to 95% by the year 2006. After pressure from the pharmaceutical industry, Congress stepped in and adopted the FDA's timetable, but it allowed the pharmacy industry to develop the leaflets on its own.

The study released by the FDA this past December showed that pharmacies are still falling far short of the 95% goal of providing "useful information" that the 1995 legislation endorsed. The 2008 report was based on CMI that shoppers had picked up when two drugs—lisinopril (Zestril, AstraZeneca; Prinivil, Merck) and metformin (Glucophage, Bristol-Myers Squibb)—were purchased at 365 chain and independent pharmacies in 41 states. The report, written by University of Florida Pharmacy School professors, said that although the distribution method via pharmacies appeared effective, the content of the information was problematic. The shortcomings highlighted in the report included a lack of critical information about managing the medications, a significant redundancy of information resulting in excessively long leaflets, poor formatting, and illegibility; they also indicated that the material was written for an inappropriate reading level.

CMIs for the same drug vary widely from pharmacy to pharmacy. The report cites two metformin leaflets, both of which were based on information provided by one of the two major third-party suppliers, First Databank. One pharmacy handed out a metformin CMI with 760 words and 30% adherence to the FDA's guidance criteria for content; the other CMI contained 2,457 words and met 88% adherence to the criteria.

Ray Bullman, Executive Vice President of the National Council on Patient Information and Education, says that there are several reasons for the shortcomings detailed in the 2008 University of Florida report. The FDA finalized its guidance on CMI only as recently as July 2006, nine years and seven months into a 10-year program.

"That was certainly not helpful or supportive," he stated.

He added that it has been a challenge getting pharmacies to make what could be major investments in changes to hardware and software systems with the capacity to generate a comprehensive CMI monograph.

Pharmacy groups are certain to testify at the February advisory committee meeting that electronic prescribing and anti-counterfeiting imperatives are already sopping up large amounts of funds for investing in software and hardware and that there isn't much money left over for CMI development. Moreover, John Rector, Senior Vice President and General Counsel at the National Community Pharmacists Association, argues that the FDA actually has no jurisdiction over pharmacies' handling of CMI because pharmacy operations are regulated by state boards of pharmacy.

Of course, Congress can hand over that authority to the FDA. As CMI initiatives have picked up steam under past Democratic administrations, the February meeting is also likely to witness rallying cries from groups such as Public Citizen demanding that Congress admit the failure of the 1995 law and urging that it institute mandatory requirements.


The stiff-man syndrome is a rare disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterised by progressive fluctuating rigidity and painful spasms of the body musculature. It was
 first described in 1956 by Moersch and Woltman, although they observed the first case of this condition much earlier, in 1924. Ironically, they nicknamed the disorder "stiff-man syndrome" to
 "associate it with a memorable and descriptive term that could not be taken by anyone to be final". Recently, evidence has accumulated that the stiff-man syndrome is an autoimmune disease directed
 against neurones secreting the inhibitory transmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(Solimena et al,, 1990). The sydrome usually develops spontaneously and often occurs in association with other
 autoimmune diseases, particuarly type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. However, it may also occur as a paraneoplastic syndrome complicating remote malignancy.


An exemplary method for the container floor material may be used to protect the upper rung by the first portion of the first support beam is attached to the base assembly associated with the base. The first portion may protrude outwardly of the crossbar in a first horizontal direction from the upper portion of the first support beam. The second crossbar may be attached to the upper portion of the second support beam abuts the first support beam. The second crossbar portion may protrude outward in the second horizontal direction from the upper portion of the second supporting beam. The second horizontal direction may be facing the first horizontal direction. The top portion of the support panel can be placed on the first crossbar and the second crossbar portion. The support panel may have a proximity distance between the first and the second support beam supporting the beam length.


New satellite instruments and data, plus a more comprehensive observing network, are key to increasing our understanding of past and future change in the Arctic Boreal Zone.


that serum levels of TRAIL markedly decrease in the early hours after acute myocardial infarction, followed by a general progressive trend to increase in the following days. This observation suggests that the reduction of circulating levels of TRAIL might represent an acute and transient consequence of plaque complication and/or myocardial ischemia [2–4] . The main novelty of the data reported by Deftereos et al. [1] in this issue of Cardiology was represented by the demonstration of a link between soluble TRAIL and instent restenosis. It is also noteworthy to underline the invasive nature of this study, since the levels of circulating TRAIL were determined in coronary artery blood [1] . Of interest, the current findings of Deftereos et al. [1] are also in line with those of Volpato et al. [5] who previously demonstrated the existence of a strong and independent association between low circulating TRAIL levels and allcause mortality among older adults. In particular, the prognostic role of TRAIL was strong and highly significant in individuals with preexisting cardiovascular disease, since those with relatively lower concentrations of baseline TRAIL ( ! 84.5 pg/ml, i.e., quartiles 1–3) had a 2–3 times higher rate of total and cardiovascular mortality than those with higher blood TRAIL concentrations [4] . Of note, in multivariate analyses adjusted for prevalent chronic conditions, indicators of subclinical disease and biomarkers, the association between TRAIL and the risk of death in persons with cardiovascular disease was not substantially reduced [5] . In this issue of Cardiology , Deftereos et al. [1] demonstrated for the first time that the circulating TRAIL levels measured in coronary blood are negatively correlated with neointimal volume index, i.e., less TRAIL is associated with relatively more neointimal volume. Conversely, coronary TRAIL levels were positively correlated to instent minimum lumen area [1] . In the multivariate analysis, low coronary TRAIL levels represented an independent predictor of neointimal hyperplasia [1] . These results are extremely interesting also taking into consideration that they confirm and expand the findings of previous clinical studies focused on the analysis of the potential prognostic value of circulating TRAIL levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or congestive heart failure [2–4] . Indeed, in a pilot study performed in a group of adults after acute myocardial infarction [2] , the circulating levels of soluble TRAIL not only were inversely associated with biochemical indicators of myocardial injury (creatine kinase-MB fraction) and cardiac dysfunction (B-type natriuretic peptide), but lower levels of TRAIL also predicted higher short-term (in-hospital) and mid-term (12 months) mortality or incident congestive heart failure. Furthermore, lower levels of circulating TRAIL represented an independent predictor of the risk of rehospitalization or death over a 16-month follow-up in patients with advanced heart failure [3] . In another study, Mori et al. [4] showed that serum TRAIL levels were inversely associated with advanced CAD, suggesting that TRAIL may be useful as an index of CAD severity. It should be noticed that these previous studies showed Received: August 14, 2012 Accepted after revision: August 22, 2012 Published online: September 27, 2012


As market mechanisms are growing more widespread there is also a gradual restructuring of health care. The creation of quasi markets in order to achieve competition, increased cost consciousness, n ...


CO2 technology offers electronic device manufacturers a robust platform for a variety of precision cleaning and machining applications. Surface and substrate contamination such as flux residues, organics, particulate matter, outgassing residues, ionic residues, and laser and mechanical machining heat can be addressed (uniquely) with this technology. Available CO2 processes include one or a combination of composite jet sprays, centrifugal liquid immersion, supercritical fluid extraction, and both vacuum and atmospheric plasma surface treatments. CO2 technology eliminates or significantly reduces both lean and green waste generation at the production operation level (source) by modifying manufacturing processes such as precision cleaning and machining. Because it is safe and dry, CO2 technology can integrate directly into manufacturing processes and tools to provide in-situ cleaning and/or thermal control. CO2 technology can be implemented in a variety of process configurations to meet the constraints of lean production layouts and product flow requirements, including direct integration into existing production lines and equipment where the surface contamination is being generated. CO2 is a very unique manufacturing agent that affords multiple cost reduction and performance improvement opportunities for electronic device fabrication. Exemplary applications include silicone contamination removal from a surface using a CO2 composite spray, hybrid CO2 particle-plasma pad surface preparation for gold wire bonding, ceramic flip chip defluxing using centrifugal liquid CO2, surface residue removal using a CO2 composite spray following laser processing, particle removal from a CMOS image sensor following wire bonding, and CO2-enabled laser machining of organic and ceramic substrates.


Accurate rational approximations to the square root operators are crucial for the bidirectional beam propagation method in simulation of strongly reflective structures. An assessment and comparison of various commonly used rational approximations is performed for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves. The range of validity and level of accuracy for the different approximations are studied by investigating the structures with varying reflection intensities. Guidelines for accurately modeling of evanescent and propagating modes are provided.


Background Fungal asthma comprises severe asthma with fungal sensitisation (SAFS) or bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). The efficacy and safety of antifungal treatment in this group of patients remained undetermined. Aim To assess the efficacy and safety of antifungal treatment in fungal asthma in real life settings in a tertiary asthma centre. Methods This was a retrospective study. Details of all patients attended a tertiary severe asthma centre in England between 2012 to 2018, were reviewed to identify cases meeting the criteria for SAFS and ABPA (ref) and were treated with antifungals (itraconzaole, voriconazole, posaconazole). Clinical outcomes were compared at baseline and 12 months after treatment. Standard statistics were used to compare variables. Results In total 563 patient records were reviewed of which 80 (14.2%) had fungal asthma that included SAFS (n=59, 10.5%) and ABPA (n=21, 3.7%). Of these 28/80 (36%) had itraconzole (26), voricanozole (1) posaconzole (4) treatments. The mean age of the treated group was 56 years (range 30–79), females=17 (58.6%). Following 12 months treatment compared to baseline we observed a significant decrease in the mean rescue oral corticosteroids (OCS) from 4.31 to 2.25 per annum (p=0.0103), and mean maintenance oral prednisolone from 3.06 mg/day to 1.11 mg/day (p=0.351). There was non-significant decrease in median total immunoglobulin E (IgE) from 520 iu/l to 335 iu/l (p=0.0676). However, there were no significant interval changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), asthma control questionnaire (ACQ), fraction exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), blood eosinophils or IgE specific to Aspergillus. Side effects related to antifungal treatment were recorded in 9 cases (31%); skin rash (1), abnormal liver function test (2), nausea (1), hair loss (1), dizziness (1), sore eyes (1), tendon pain (1), adrenal insufficiency (1) and peripheral oedema (1) 'two patients had >1 side effects'.Abstract P47 Figure 1 Significant reduction in severe exacerbation frequency following antifungal treatment in fungal asthma Conclusion Only the minority of the fungal asthma patients had antifungal treatment and in this group we observed significant reduction in exacerbations and corticosteroids requirement. The clinical significance of this is uncertain due to confounders prompting the need for adequately powered controlled trials.


The manufacturers of records occasionally make inroads into certain domains of journalism. But hitherto no manufacturer of gramophone records has lived under the impression that his product would be able to compete in the foremost function of journalism (that of giving the news as quickly as possible after it has happened), with the press, radio, and television. Although phonographic technique has developed ways and means for pressing records in an extremely light plastic material, which can be transported easily or bound between the


Variation in population growth rate over environmental gradients was determined for the annual Impatiens pallida (Balsaminaceae), by monitoring age- and size-specific survivorship and fecundity in five populations of this summer-flowering and primarily woodland species. All L pallida seedlings emerged within a few days of each other and a size hierarchy was established within a month, and remained unchanged thereafter. Light and initial seedling density together explained 67% of the variance in mean adult plant size. As a result of differences among populations in the amount of disturbance, survivorship to the time of floral bud production ranged from 39% to 93% ofthe initial seedling total. Survivorship during the reproductive period was most affected by plant size and soil moisture. For plants surviving to flowering time, the probability of setting seed, the type of seed and the number of seeds produced per plant were significantly positively correlated with plant size. More than 82% of all seeds were produced by plants greater than or I m tall. Cleistogamy was the major form of reproduction in 4 out of 5 populations monitored. The net reproductive rate (RO) differed greatly among populations, ranging from 1.23 to 16.27. Population growth rate increased with increasing resource availability and decreasing disturbance during the growing season. The magnitude of Ro depended primarily on 1) timing, intensity and frequency of disturbance, 2) length of the reproductive period, and


This research was conducted at the Technical University of Cotopaxi in its experimental center located in Salache CEYPSA, 7 kilometers from the Latacunga city of. The work began with the ground reconnaissance. It was very important to delimit using a GPS. The recovery of the gully took place with the technique of Level in A, following the contours. It was done with the aim of recovering this area and preventing further erosion existing in the sector as well as the landslides of this hill. Once the ground reconnaissance was done, we proceeded to trace the contour with the help of the A, pointing each of the curves with some stakes. It helped us to make the hollow in a better way. This hollow size is about 40x40cm each hole. Then, Each hole was filled in with the same substrate. The next step was to place the agave plants in order to plant them. Therefore we used the Inductive- Deductive and historical methods and the observation technique. The , materials used were: Laptop, Printer, Flash Memory, camera, field book, pencil, books, journals, theses, charts and tables….


We present the microstructural evolution in Ge-rich ${\text{SiO}}_{2}$ doped with Er under different fabrication conditions. At sufficiently high Er contents and annealing temperatures, the ${\text{Er}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}$ and ${\text{Er}}_{2}{\text{Ge}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{7}$ phases are eventually formed, leading to an electroluminescence quenching of Ge-related oxygen-deficiency centers. The correlation between the microstructure and electroluminescence is discussed based on: (i) an Er doping dependent fragmentation/amorphization of Ge nanocrystals, (ii) a temperature dependent Ge diffusion toward the $\text{Si}/{\text{SiO}}_{2}$ interface, and (iii) the formation of different Er phases.


In view of the fact that 90o per cent. of the population begin to earn a living at the age of fourteen, the demand seems reasonable that the manual-training course in our elementary school concern itself first of all with preparation for more intelligent choice of vocation; aiming both to discover mechanical tastes and aptitudes, and to impart knowledge regarding the relative advantages of different industries. It is true that when a boy reaches the right shop he will surpass in a few weeks the skill which he has acquired at school, but the important and the difficult thing is to have him reach the right shop. That the conventional course accomplishes this in certain cases is of course a matter for congratulation, but the question is whether it is accomplishing onefifth or one-tenth of what it might. The question arises at once as to the value of interests and abilities which may be discovered before the fourteenth year in determining vocation. No one denies that in many individual cases these early tendencies have proved to be totally misleading, but some types of aptitude, like that for music, make themselves known in early childhood, and there is much to indicate that mechanical talents and interests appear early, if at all. In a study made by the writer, of the boyhood of a large number of leading engineers, it was found that the great majority of them were absorbed almost from infancy in mechanical interest of one sort or another and have displayed remarkable ability in mechanical work-coupled in many cases with noticeable lack of either interest or ability in such foreign subjects as history and literature. And further, these early interests often showed very close relation to the special line of success in later life. Many of the mechanical engineers had built working steam-engines in boy178


We study the identification through instruments of a nonseparable function that relates a continuous outcome to a continuous endogenous variable. Using group and dynamical systems theories, we show that full identification can be achieved under strong exogeneity of the instrument and a dual monotonicity condition, even if the instrument is discrete. When identified, the model is also testable. Our results therefore highlight the identifying power of strong exogeneity when combined with monotonicity restrictions.


The situation that has developed on the market of oil products in the conditions of the war with the invaders has led to a shortage of liquid fuels and a constant increase in the price, in particular of diesel fuel, prompting the producers of agricultural products to think about switching to alternative types of fuel. Research related to the production and use of biodiesel fuel is especially relevant in today's conditions. Scientists do not ignore this question, in particular, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University has devoted more than one research topic to the mentioned problem. In more detail, in the mentioned issue, research is being conducted aimed at determining the energy value of the obtained biofuels, namely, the lower calorific value. The purpose of the article is to create a methodology for determining the fatty acid composition of biodiesel fuel and determining its lower heat of combustion, which is necessary for the analysis and evaluation of the energy efficiency of alternative fuels. Research methods are based on D. I. Mendeleev's formula for determining the lower heat of combustion, which is based on data on the percentage content of the elemental composition of the fuel. The calculation of the elemental composition was carried out on the basis of the molecular weight data of the components of biodiesel fuel, which in turn were obtained by chromatographic analysis using a gas-liquid chromatograph. Similar calculations were made in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. The article publishes the results of research on two samples of biodiesel fuel, made from two types of raw materials - sunflower and rapeseed oil. A method of determining the fatty acid composition of these samples and determining the lower heat of combustion of biodiesel fuel as a whole and its components has been developed. The results given in the tables can be the basis for further conclusions about the energy value of individual components included in the studied fuel.


Objective To find an effective,quick and convenient sterilizing method of gastroscope by compare the sterilizing effect of acidic oxidized electrolyzed water with 2%glutaraldehyde.Methods 96 used gastroscope were average to 2 groups and were sterilized by be marinated in 2%glutaradehyde for 20 minutes(contrast group) and acidic oxidized electrolyzed water for 5 minutes(test group),respectively.Compare the sterilizing effect of the 2 groups.Results The sterilizing effect of acidic oxidized electrolyzed water r and 2%glutaraldehyde for gastroscope were same and had not a statistical difference(P0.05).Conclusion The sterilizing effect of acidic oxidized electrolyzed water for gastroscope was sure.The sterilizing time was short and acidic oxidized electrolyzed water would not harm human body.


Two new subclasses Nα,b(φ) and Nλα,b(φ) of analytic functions are introduced.The Fekete-Szeg inequalities for the two classes Nα,b(φ) and Nλα,b(φ) are discussed,the sharp results are obtained,which generalize some related results.