Abstract : The death of Osama bin Laden and the upcoming tenth anniversary of the U.S. involvement in Afghanistan have triggered several important policy issues. This testimony poses several questions. What should the U.S. objectives be in Afghanistan? Based on these objectives, what are America's military options (and what would the implications be for transition)? Finally, what are the political options, including the possibility of a peace settlement? I argue that U.S. objectives in Afghanistan should be tied to narrow U.S. national security interests, and the U.S. military strategy should transition to an Afghan-led counterinsurgency strategy. This strategy would involve decreasing the U.S. military footprint and relying on an increasingly prominent role of U.S. Special Operations Forces to help Afghans conduct counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations. It would require assisting Afghan national and local forces degrade the insurgency and target terrorist leaders. Implementing this strategy would require decreasing the U.S. military footprint to perhaps 30,000 or fewer forces by 2014 and surging Afghan National Security Forces and Afghan Local Police. It would also include leveraging U.S. Special Operations Forces, CIA, and some conventional forces to conduct several tasks: train, equip, and advise Afghan National Security Forces; assist local communities improve security and governance from the bottom up (especially the Afghan Local Police and Village Stability Operations programs); conduct direct action operations against high value targets; provide a range of "enablers," such as intelligence, civil affairs, and military information support operations.


UNLABELLED
The purpose of the study was to present the complications concerning the long-term central catheters (ports) used for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
From 2000 to 2007, twenty nine patients (25 women and 4 men), mean age 47 years received ports.

RESULTS
In the study group of patients the average time of support with the ports was 439 days. Nine patients (31%) had complications: 5 of them had the infections (local infections), 3 patients had catheter occlusions and 1 of them had local skin necrosis. The central venous catheters were removed in the cases. Ten ports were still used.


Exciton-plasmon interaction was studied experimentally in structures with InAs/AlGaAs quantum dots (QDs) and indium nanoclusters grown by molecular beam epitaxy. In photoluminescence (PL) spectra, a strong enhancement of low energy QDs was observed that resulted in a new peak. This effect is explained with the plasmon-assisted energy transfer from an ensemble of donor QDs located under a metal cluster to a low energy acceptor QD. The dependence of the integrated PL signal of the low new peak on the QD number under an individual metal cluster changed from linear to quadratic and revealed the transition from a single to many interacting QDs.


Academic research, Brazilian and international documents emphasize the concern for conservation education and the scenario of high species extinction. Considering the dialogical problem-solving perspective of the didactic material PROBIO-Environmental Education (PROBIO-EE), this constitutes a potential tool for the classroom. This work aimed to make the evaluation of the contribution of PROBIO-EE for understanding of the central concept of species extinction, through the use of concepts presented in the material. The evaluation was performed in the classrooms of 6th grade in two public schools in Brasilia - Brazil. Concept Maps (CM) were produced in pre and post-test, and among them, students used the PROBIO-EE. The student's CM were compared with maps produced by experts. Results showed that students construct CM more like those of experts and produced more right relationships about the central concept, that is limited at school.


In this paper, performances of buffers in Massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) systems are analysed in the presence of statistical querying constraints. Querying constraints are included as limitations on the buffer capacity.


Humic acids (HAs) from major horizons of a Gleyed Black Chernozem and a set of soil and sediment samples were examined to understand the influence of the structure a composition of organic substances on sorption of organic pollutants. Solid state 13C cross-polarized/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR results indicated that the aromaticity of HAs increased with soil depth. The aromaticity of organic substances in bulk soils and sediments varied with the degree of geological diagenesis. Sorption experiments showed a linear relationship between the carbon normalized partition coefficient (Koc) of α-naphthol and the aromaticity of HAs and non-extracted organic substances in whole soils and sediments. The Koc values of α-napthol had a log-linear relationship with the atomic mass ratio (N+O)/C of the organic substances in soils and sediments. Correlation analysis for the literature data further revealed that the compositional and structural properties of organic substances were related, suggesting possibilities ...


A novel solid catalyst featuring a hydrophobic core-hydrophilic shell structure was synthesized for aqueous-phase reactions, which showed significant reaction rate enhancement effects.


Sparkill (25% Cypermethrin) and Tafaban (48% Chlorpyrifos) insecticides were used in the treatment of maize plants in the field to investigate the effect of these compounds on fungi associated with roots and shoots of maize as well as on soil fungi. Generally, the two insecticides exhibited an inhibitive effect on the total and individual counts of glucophilic fungi after different periods of treatment except in some cases the counts were not affected or promoted compared with the control samples. Fungal genera and species associated with roots and shoots of maize plants were isolated from untreated plants as control and then compared with those isolated from plants treated with different doses of insecticides. The most common fungal species recovered from soil and different parts of plants were Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Cochliobolus spicifer, Emericella nidulans, E. nidulans var. lata, Fusarium oxysporum, Gibberella fujikuroi, Nectria haematococca, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. funiculosum, P. oxalicum and Rhizopus stolonifer.


Should women anticipate changes in bleeding patterns after using emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs)? This study is the first to examine how ECPs


The effect of O2 partial pressure on the mechanical properties of SiO2 films deposited by rf magnetron sputtering is studied. The sputtering rate of SiO2 in argon gas with added O2 gas is lower than that in pure argon gas, whereas the rate is independent of O2 partial pressure. The internal stresses in films are compressive, and the magnitude decreases from 0.8 GPa for films sputtered in pure argon gas to 0.4 GPa for films sputtered in argon gas with O2 gas partial pressure above 9×10−3 Pa. Although the internal stress decreases with increasing O2 partial pressure, the magnitudes of hardness and adhesion increase conversely. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the crystal structure of sputtered SiO2 films is amorphous at all O2 partial pressures investigated. The argon content in the film obtained from an electron probe microanalyzer decreases with increasing O2 partial pressure. An atomic force microscopy observation reveals that the surface topography of sputtered SiO2 films show a turnover fro...


Performance of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) System is analyzed using Dispersion Compensating Fiber. In this work, Optimized link of 8-channel WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system using OptiSystem is designed. Comparison of the link performance is investigated at different wavelength i.e. 980nm, 1300nm and 1550nm. The better Performance of the WDM link can be achieved at wavelength of 1550nm as compared to 1300 and 980nm using dispersion compensating fiber along with single mode fiber for link length of 105 km operating at data rate of 3Gb\s with 8-channel of WDM System. The BER, Q-factor and eye diagram have been used for evaluating the performance of the system.


Cu-Co-Fe oxide catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes were studied in the reaction of CO oxidation. Carbon nanotubes with diameter 20-30 nm and length of several microns were synthesized on oxides of Ni, Co and Fe. The physicochemical properties of these catalysts were determined with X-ray, TPD analysis and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. The data obtained have shown the potential of using carbon nanotubes synthesized on NiO and Co 2 O 3 , as a support for Cu-Co-Fe oxide catalysts in the reaction of CO oxidation. The catalytic systems based on these supports give 100% conversion of CO into CO 2 at temperatures below 100°C.


In this paper the uniqueness of solutions for the backward in time problem of the linear theory of thermo-microstretch elastic materials is shown and the impossibility of the localization in time of the solution of the corresponding forward in time problem is proved. Moreover, the temporal behavior backward in time of thermoelastodynamics processes is studied by establishing the relations describing the asymptotic behavior of the Cesàro means of the different parts of the total energy.


Modes of thermal decomposition reactions of several azo-type initiators were studied in the presence or absence of a transition-metal complex. Some metal complexes examined cause dramatic influence upon the relative ratio of decomposition products. Particularly, a cobalt complex prevents the coupling reaction of radicals formed from azo compounds, with increased formation of noncoupling products being observed. Futhermore no difference was observed in the mole ratios of an unsymmetrical coupling product to the sum of symmetrical products in the decomposition of an unsymmetrical azo compound with or without a complex, Co(II)(sal)2((R)-CHXDA). This phenomenon was satisfactorily explained by assuming that primary radicals immediately formed interact with the metal complex and are stabilized prior to subsequent reactions.


A simple, rapid and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of doxofylline and photolytic degradation product. The method showed a linear response for concentrations in the range of 1–200 μg/ml using acetonitrile: formic acid (90: 10); pH-3.0 as the mobile phase with detection at 274 nm and a flow rate of 1 ml/min and retention time 2.9 min. The method was statistically validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, ruggedness, robustness, forced degradation, solution stability and selectivity. Quantitative and recovery studies of the dosage form were also carried out and analyzed; the % RSD from recovery studies was found to be less than 1. Due to simplicity, rapidity and accuracy of the method, we believe that the method will be useful for routine quality control analysis. The hydrolytic degradation product as well as pathway was characterized by LC-MS/MS.


This article analyzes the longevity and the cohesion of the principal organization of the guerrilla in Colombia, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). The text initiates with a rapid historical inventory of the FARC and realizes a presentation of significant phenomena in the different organizational phases of this guerrilla group. Ultimately, the article thinks about the strategies of war, the temporality and the relations with the political and social Colombian and international environment, environment that allowed to the FARC to continue as active organization during the last four decades.


La Mancha Resources Australia Pty Ltd's Frog's Leg Gold Mine is located approximately 20 km west of Kalgoorlie in Western Australia. The mine utilises long hole open stoping and cemented paste fill, to achieve full extraction of the orebody. The combined effects of high fines contents in the supplied reclaimed tailings, and very high water salinity, hampers the strength development and curing times of the paste fill, despite the high binder dosages. Given a decreasing gold price and a high operating cost environment, the need to identify areas where productivity and efficiency improvements can be made is paramount. Predominately due to the large volumes involved, paste backfill constitutes one of the largest costs to the underground operation, and therefore an area where even minor efficiency improvements can have a significant positive effect on mining costs. One of several improvement projects undertaken was to evaluate two paste additives, namely MM701 (supplied by BASF) and Acti-Gel® (supplied by Active Minerals) and their impact on paste flowability, compressive strengths, curing time and binder dosage rates.


Abstract Written versions of Cherokee myths, recorded in the late nineteenth century, refer to earthen mounds, rattlesnakes and raptors, and other aspects of Cherokee cosmology. These themes are manifested in the iconography of engraved shell gorgets and masks from late prehistoric and protohistoric sites in Cherokee town areas of southwestern North Carolina. Comparable iconography is seen on gorgets and masks from surrounding areas of the southern Appalachians. This paper summarizes themes from Cherokee myth and legend that are related to iconography engraved on gorgets and masks, describes the content and context of these artifacts from southwestern North Carolina, and discusses the implications of these finds for understanding connections of late prehistoric and protohistoric Cherokee towns to the broader networks in the Southeast through which gorgets and iconography circulated.


The replacement of phenol with sodium lignosulfonate and formaldehyde with glutaraldehyde in the preparation of resins resulted in a new resol-type phenolic resin, sodium lignosulfonate-glutaraldehyde resin, in addition to sodium lignosulfonate-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde resins. These resins were then used to prepare thermosets and composites reinforced with sisal fibers. Different techniques were used to characterize raw materials and/or thermosets and composites, including inverse gas chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and mechanical impact and flexural tests. The substitution of phenol by sodium lignosulfonate in the formulation of the composite matrices increased the impact strength of the respective composites from approximately 400 Jm-1 to 800 J m-1 and 1000 J m-1, showing a considerable enhancement from the replacement of phenol with sodium lignosulfonate. The wettability of the sisal fibers increased when the resins were prepared from sodium lignosulfonate, generating composites in which the adhesion at the fiber-matrix interface was stronger and favored the transference of load from the matrix to the fiber during impact. Results suggested that the composites experienced a different mechanism of load transfer from the matrix to the fiber when a bending load was applied, compared to that experienced during impact. The thermogravimetric analysis results demonstrated that the thermal stability of the composites was not affected by the use of sodium lignosulfonate as a phenolic-type reagent during the preparation of the matrices. Application: Application of sodium lignosulfonate in the preparation of resins used in the manufacture of composites reinforced with sisal fibers adds value to byproducts generated in forest biorefineries.


 Abstract: Cloud computing is an evolving paradigm. The definition characterizes important aspects of cloud computing and is intended to serve as a means for broad comparisons of cloud services and deployment strategies, and to provide a baseline for discussion from what is cloud computing to how to best use cloud computing. The service and deployment models defined form a simple taxonomy that is not intended to prescribe or constrain any particular method of deployment, service delivery, or business operation. Clearly, cloud is widely recognized as an important technology, offering capabilities that positively affect IT. However, its full business potential has yet to be realized or even understood by most organizations. This paper aims to present the conception of cloud computing, its definitions, main service and implementation models and issues.


The present paper reports a novel chemiluminescence,i.e,isopropyl alcohol-C10~--H_2O_2 system.The chemiluminescence intensity is proportional to the concentration of C10~- within certain range.Based on this fact,a new chemiluminescence method for the determination of micro amount of C10~- has been developed.The detection limit is 2.6 x 10~(-8)g/ml C10~- and the dynamic linear range is 2.6 x 10~(-8)g/ml to 2.3 x 10~(-5)g/ml C10~-.The method has good selectivlty and reproducibility.


Recently, the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array Collaboration presented data suggesting a significant clustering of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays coming from the outer Galaxy region. In this paper we calculate expected cosmic-ray arrival distributions for several simple source location scenarios that bracket the more realistic ones and investigate the possibility of clustering and correlation effects. The role of the Galactic magnetic field is discussed in detail.


We have derived azimuthally averaged radial iron-abundance profiles of the X-ray gas contained within 12 clusters of galaxies with redshift 0.03 ≤ z ≤ 0.2 observed with BeppoSAX. We find evidence for a negative metal-abundance gradient in most of the clusters, particularly significant in clusters that possess cooling flows. The composite profile from the 12 clusters resembles that of cluster simulations of Metzler & Evrard. This abundance gradient could be the result of the spatial distribution of gas-losing galaxies within the cluster being more centrally condensed than the primordial hot gas. Both inside and outside the core region we find a higher abundance in cooling-flow clusters than in non-cooling-flow clusters. Outside of the cooling region this difference cannot be the result of more efficient sputtering of metals into the gaseous phase in cooling-flow clusters but might be the result of the mixing of low-metallicity gas from the outer regions of the cluster during a merger.


Based on daily mean air temperature and frozen soil depth data of 96meteorological stations in Xinjiang from 1961to 2010,the fundamental spatial-temporal change characteristics of cumulated negative temperature and maximum frozen soil depth and the relationship between them were analyzed by using the methods of linear regression, Mann-Kendall test and mixed spatial interpolation technology based on ArcGIS.The main results are as the follows:In the 50years from 1961to 2010, the cumulated negative temperature had significantly decreased,with the rate of 51.5 ℃·d·(10a)-1,and had a significantly abrupt decreasing in 1985.Affected by this,the maximum frozen soil depth had significantly decreased,with the rate of-3.5cm·d·(10a)-1,and had a significantly abrupt decreasing in 1988.When cumulated negative temperature decreases 100 ℃·d,the maximum frozen soil depth will decrease 4.6cm.The decreasing range of maximum frozen soil depth in South Xinjiang is larger than that in North Xinjiang and Tianshan Mountains.Similar to the cumulated negative temperature in winter,maximum frozen soil depth decrease rate and decrease range before and after the mutations in North Xinjiang and Tianshan Mountains were larger than those in South Xinjiang.


A metabolite of 3,5-diethoxy-4-aminomethylpyridine (B24) has been identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in rat plasma, heart and lung after oral or intraperitoneal administration of B24.

This metabolite did not inhibit the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase with a high affinity for benzylamine.


The interest of Machine Type Communication (MTC) is increasing and is expected to play an important role in the future network society. In the process of increasing the number of connected devices, ...


Stacked organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices with two terminals have been fabricated by successive application of solution coating and vacuum deposition. We seamlessly engineered the two processing steps by optimizing the semi-transparent metal electrode and the carrier transport buffer layer, and investigated the electrical and optical properties of the thus-prepared devices. The top and bottom OLEDs can be independently addressed by switching the polarity of the voltage applied to the two terminals. The emission color from the stacked OLED devices is easily tuned between green and blue or red and blue, by adjusting the offset of the alternating current applied to the stacked OLED devices. Thus, a simple approach is presented towards printable and color-tunable organic lighting for the future.


Summary A colorimetric method for determining bitter weed flavor in milk has been developed, based upon the reddish-purple color produced in the reaction of the flavor component and/or isotenulin with an acid solution of chromotropic acid. The color produced in the reaction conformed to Beer's Law, and was found to be suitable for the estimation of the flavor component in the concentration range of 0.1 to 1.5 mg/ml. The experimental values for the flavor component were calculated from a standard curve previously prepared for isotenulin at 410 m μ . The factors and experimental conditions which enhanced the accuracy of the method have been described.


As the animal industry has expanded in Japan and the scale of farms has grown, a vast amount of animal wastes is being produced. The management of these wastes has become a serious problem. The legal constraints on environmental pollution have become stricter. Animal wastes should be utilized in agriculture, and recycled as a valuable resource. Wastewater, which is difficult to use for agricultural purposes, should be treated properly to prevent environmental pollution. Composting is an effective method of utilizing solid wastes. The technology for making compost from waste materials is well developed and practical. However, quality control for compost has not yet been attained, and there are no rapid methods of estimating compost quality, although near infrared spectroscopy analysis is a promising technique. The development of low-cost techniques which remove most of the nitrogen and phosphorus from animal wastewater is yet to be achieved. Nitrogen should be removed by denitrification, while phosphorus should be recovered in an available form and utilized. Although activated sludge units using intermittent aeration and TBX reactors are available, further research is needed. ANIMAL WASTES IN JAPAN The animal industry in Japan has expanded rapidly over the last few decades. While the total number of animals has increased, the number of livestock farms has decreased. Consequently, the average number of animals kept on each farm in 1992 was 25.7 times greater than in 1970. Such a rapid increase has inevitably resulted in pollution problems from livestock wastes. The total number of pollution complaints reached 2,861 in 1993 (Table 1), most of them concerned with malodor and water pollution. Pollution problems in the swine industry are particularly serious, because swine producers usually have little or no cropland to which they can apply the manure. The number of complaints increased rapidly to reach a peak in 1973 and then gradually decreased, so that in 1993 there were only one quarter as many as in 1973 (Fig. 1). However, the average number of pollution problems per 1,000 farms has tended to increase, especially on pig farms (Fig. 2). Legal Aspects of Pollution Control The discharge of wastewater into public waterways in Japan is controlled by the Water Pollution Prevention Act. Under this Act, nitrogen and phosphorus were added to the list which already included criteria such as BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand) and SS (suspended solids) (Table 2). Although the criteria for nitrogen (260 mg/L) and phosphorus (50 mg/L) in animal wastewater are provisional at present, criteria covering these will be applied to livestock farms after 1995. Malodor is controlled by the Malodor Control Law. The regulation standards govern the permissible concentration of various malodorous compounds at the boundary of livestock farms. In 1990, four volatile fatty acids (VFA) were added to the list of substances regulated by this Law, which already included eight substances such as ammonia, methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide (Table 3). These fatty acids emit an offensive odor if even small amounts are present in animal wastes, especially


The definition of national vocal music is really in boom in the contemporary song circle.Therefore,this paper attempts to elaborate the concept and connotation of national vocal music and Chinese vocal music through the methods of definition and classification on the basis of summary of different national vocal music explanations.One of the important perquisites for definition of national vocal music is cultural transmission which should be focused on inheritance of excellent traditional vocal music foundation.


How do very young children begin to learn the meanings of words? When thinking of word learning, we normally picture a twoor three-year-old engaged in play with a caregiver who ostensively defines words, say by pointing at a toy and naming it with a simple phrase, for example, "look at the elephant!" This phrase, combined with a point and a joint focus of eye-gaze, provides the older child with unambiguous evidence that the word elephant refers to this toy. Younger children in this situation may have a more difficult time making this same mapping. They may not fully understand the combination of pointing and eye-gaze that will later become salient for determining reference. (Hollich et al., 2000) They may not already know the frame words, "look at the," and so they may interpret these as potential names for the toy. Finally, they may not even be able to segment the full sentence correctly into its component words (Jusczyk, 1999), leaving them with a large number of potential syllable (or even phone) combinations to map onto the referent (even assuming that the referent is uniquely determined—e.g., there are no other toys around). How are children able to solve this set of interlocking problems in order to learn their first words? We examine one particularly difficult problem that a young word-learner faces: how to determine which group of sounds (out of a larger sentence) maps onto a novel referent. This problem implicitly includes a larger problem—the problem of word segmentation—but solving word segmentation does not entirely solve it. We refer to this problem as the problem of word-to-referent mapping to denote that we are attempting to find a set of syllables which map to a particular referent that has already been uniquely specified. This is the problem faced by the child who knows it is the concept ELEPHANT that she wants to learn a name for. (This problem can be considered a subset of the problem of word-to-world mapping, where the referent is not uniquely determined and there is uncertainty on both the linguistic and the referential side.)


JACOBEAN TRAGEDY, according to Maynard Mack, is characterized by the interplay of antiphonal voices, each positing a possible response to the tragic conflict. The first and dominant voice is the heroic: a resonant, hyperbolic idiom that proclaims the greatness of the hero as he vies with the malignant forces ranged against him. The second voice is the subtler, muted voice of the antiheroic, "expressive of a suppler outlook than the hero's and of other and less upsetting ways of encountering experience than the hero's hyperbolic, not to say intransigent, rigorism." ' The aptness of this observation is easily verified. One may detect the voices in close proximity, for example, in the Ghost scene in Hamlet, where Horatio's anti-heroic counsel of prudence-"What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord, / Or to the dreadful summit of the clip."-is met by the authentic heroic idiom of Hamlet:


Relevant pandemic-spread scenario simulations provide guiding principles for containment and mitigation policy developments. Here we devise a simple model to predict the effectiveness of different mitigation strategies. The model consists of a set of simple differential equations considering the population size, reported and unreported infections, reported and unreported recoveries and the number of Covid-19-inflicted deaths. For simplification, we assume that Covid-19 survivors are immune (e.g. mutations are not considered) and that the virus can only be passed on by persons with undetected infections. While the latter assumption is a simplification (it is neglected that e.g. hospital staff may be infected by detected patients with symptoms), it was introduced here to keep the model as simple as possible. Moreover, the current version of the model does not account for age-dependent differences in the death rates, but considers higher mortality rates due to temporary shortage of intensive care units. Some of the model parameters have been fitted to the reported cases outside of China1 from January 22 to March 12 of the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic. The other parameters were chosen in a plausible range to the best of our knowledge. We compared infection rates, the total number of people getting infected and the number of deaths in six different scenarios. Social distancing or increased testing can contain or drastically reduce the infections and the predicted number of deaths when compared to a situation without mitigation. We find that mass-testing alone and subsequent isolation of detected cases can be an effective mitigation strategy, alone and in combination with social distancing. However, unless one assumes that the virus can be globally defeated by reducing the number of infected persons to zero, testing must be upheld, albeit at reduced intensity, to prevent subsequent waves of infection. The model suggests that testing strategies can be equally effective as social distancing, though at much lower economical costs. We discuss how our mathematical model may help to devise an optimal mix of mitigation strategies against the Covid-19 pandemic. The website corona-lab.ch provides an interactive simulation tool based on the presented model.


The distribution and kinematics of atomic hydrogen in an interacting galaxy pair are studied to develop a model of its formation and assess its implications. H I gas peaks, bridges, and tails for NGC 7714/7715 (Arp 284) are identified with the VLA observations, and the velocity field appears to indicate that of an inclined rotating disk. A parabolic off-center collision is modeled for two disk galaxies with different masses, and formation scenario leads to results consistent with the observations. The point of closest approach occurred 1.1 x 10 exp 8 years ago, and the inclination angle for NGC 7714 is given at around 30 deg. This ring galaxy's lack of star formation is attributed to the large impact parameter associated with the parabolic off-center collision considered for Arp 284. Star formation and the initial mass function of the interacting galaxy pair are studied to assess the age and composition of the objects.


ABSTRACT Differentiated instruction (DI) has received extensive attention in general teacher education. Little research, however, has specifically focused on language teachers' understanding of DI, particularly the developmental trajectory of their understanding. The present study, framed within and informed by sociocultural theory, investigated EFL teachers' understanding of DI through exposure to and investigation of their own video-recorded classroom performance. The teachers also received three scaffolding sessions in which a number of DI-related notions were introduced to them to mediate the development of their understanding microgenetically. Analyses of the data revealed changes in the language with which teachers' understanding of the concepts was articulated and the scope of the understanding. Furthermore, the results of post-scaffolding interviews showed that the initiative had been productive in assisting the teachers with developing awareness of individual differences, particularly its contribution to enhancing their management skills.


The ANTARES neutrino telescope operated in the Mediterranean sea from 2006 until its decom-missioning in 2022. During its livetime, neutrino data was collected and analysed in the form of events. These were recorded by the data acquisition system upon the detection of sets of causally connected hits on the optical modules (OM). The event hits were then fitted to models describing neutrino interactions in order to obtain the energy and direction of the interacting neutrinos. Due to the distance between OMs this procedure was efficient for energies higher than 10 GeV, leaving the lower energy range inaccessible. Despite these limitations, a novel approach has been developed to search for periodic patterns in the optical module counting rates. This analysis could potentially reveal fluxes of low energy neutrinos from periodic sources such as pulsars.


Objetive To investigate the effect the high capacity expanded forehead skin flap in nasal reconstruction.Methods High capacity expander were implanted the forhead area.The expanded forehead skin flap was transplanted after the volume had 180~260ml.The end of trefoil skin flap 'subcutaneous tissue were sheared by scissors.Results All the flaps survived.Postoperative follow up for 1~3 years,all cases had better contour and nose venting.Conclusion The high capacity expanded forehead skin flap has abundant tissue,giving good long-time results.


Abstract The effect of interannual variability in wind stress on the transport between the Pacific and Indian Oceans through the Indonesian archipelago is investigated using a multilevel, numerical, general circulation model (GCM). The experiments are conducted in a spinup, anomaly mode: the GCM is initially at rest with a horizontally uniform stratification typical of tropical oceans. The wind stress anomalies are derived from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 1000-mb winds for 1985–89. The modeled variability is sensitive to the specification of bottom topography and archipelago geometry. Two model configurations are considered: (i) flat-bottomed with the option of sills within a simplified, idealized archipelago and (ii) realistic bottom topography and a complex archipelago. In the first model, there is northward depth-integrated transport anomaly lasting 2½ years with phase 6 months ahead of the collapse of the equatorial easterlies prior to the 1986–87 El Nino. The peak transport...


Myotonia congenita is a rare congenital neurological disorder, not encountered by many physicians in their clinical practice. Two types are described Thomsen and Becker. The former autosomal dominant, presents at early age and less aggressive as in our patient. Backer is autosomal recessive more aggressive and with muscle weakness. In these disorders group of skeletal muscles contract longer and slow to relax due to mutation in CLCN1 gene leading to chloride channelopathy. They present with difficulty to initiate an action but can do it normally after repeated attempts. Hand and facial muscles are involved in Thomsen disease; they are not weak or atrophic but might have cramps. Diagnosis of Myotonia congenita is clinical and confirmed by electromyography. Many other clinical conditions have myotonia, dystrophic and non-dystrophic. Physiotherapy and membrane stabilizing drugs like anti-epileptics are of choice but with varying success. Genetic counseling is an important part of management of these cases.


The authors describe the voltage slide protection scheme is designed to maintain acceptable voltages to the majority of customers, who are situated electrically distant from a major generating pool, following multiple outage contingencies on the interconnecting transmission system. This is done by maintaining a reasonable reactive power balance in the load centre by switching in shunt capacitors and shedding portions of the load if necessary. If installed and set correctly this system should prevent a major brown-out or black-out of large portions of a power system, as has been the case in many large power system disturbances throughout the world. >


The current studies documented the results achieved with chemotherapy alone with curative intent in a series of 67 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the pharyngolarynx classified as T1–T4N0M0 complete clinical responders after a platin‐based induction chemotherapy regimen.


This article studies the image of women in war contexts. More precisely, an analysis was performed about a sample of 23 video clips on violence and war topics published/posted on the educational portal "Colombia Aprende." For this purpose, the design of a specific evaluation instrument/tool proved useful to analyze war stereotypes/cliches, victims and active roles, amongst other indicators. The conclusion drawn is that the image of women depicted in these video clips transmits the idea that the female gender remains away from active participation in those wars and social conflicts.


Zakat campaigns have taken place from time to time in various phases of muslim history. The zakat campaign has been said to be effective, but evidence in Indonesia shows that the zakat literacy of muslim communities is not yet high, they also tend to choose to distribute zakat directly, and there is a wide gap between the potential and reality of zakat collection. This study aims to examine the determinants that influence the success of a digital zakat campaign, consisting of content or messages in the zakat campaign, amil or zakat campaigners, campaign target digital literacy, social media as a campaign platform, and campaign methods. This research is a quantitative research, with respondents consisting of 100 muzakki (zakat donator) at LAZ Dompet Dhuafa Waspada North Sumatra, Indonesia. Data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics and SEM-PLS using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results of the study show that content and social media have an effect but not significant on the success of the zakat digital campaign. Meanwhile, the amil factor and campaign method have a significant effect on the success of the zakat digital campaign. Meanwhile, digital literacy has a negative and insignificant effect on digital zakat campaigns. The results of this study indicate the importance of amil positioning in the success of the zakat campaign. This study proposes that zakat institutions cadre their own amil celebrities.


The establishment of new buildings and the demolition of old buildings will have a lot of construction debris.This not only causes environmental pollution but wastes resources.How to deal with the growing number of construction waste and reduce construction waste on the environment pollution,which are becoming an important issue of many countries.This article mainly presents a summarization of physical and mechanical properties,durability,shearing and seismic performance of recycled concrete through the analysis of these performances,studying application prospects for the future of recycled concrete.


Booklet 2015 ILRS Technical Workshop 1 GNSS session A: Synergy of SLR and GNSS Data Products 1.1 ITRF2014: Preliminary results and ILRS contribution Z. Altamimi, P. Rebischung, L. Métivier, X. Collilieux 1.2 SLR on GPS III Thomas Johnson 1.3 GLONASS-M Satellite Geometry and Attitude Models for Precise GNSS Data Processing R. Fatkulin, S. Revnivykh, V. Mitrikas, V. Pasynkov 1.4 SLR measurements and their importance for Galileo W. Enderle, D. Navarro-Reyes, F. Gonzalez, E. Schoenemann, R. Zandbergen 1.5 SLR global tracking of Beidou and its needs for SLR Xiaoya Wang, Xiaogong Hu, Bing He, Qunhe Zhao, Bin Wu, Zhongping Zhang 1.5b Role of SLR on QZSS operation Yoshimi Ohshima 1.6 SLR data usage in the verification of GLONASS data processing methods. IAC PNT analysis of GLONASS SLR data in LARGE experiment. V. Glotov, A. Pafnutyev, M. Zynkovsky, V. Mitrikas 1.7 Using SLR for GNSS orbit model validation C. Flohrer, T. Springer, M. Otten, C. Garcia Serrano, F. Dilssner, W. Enderle, E. Schönemann 1.8 Orbit Validation On Navigation Satellites Using Satellite Laser Ranging Gang Zhao, Xuhua Zhou 1.9 Systematic effects in SLR measurements to GNSS satellites K. Sośnica, R. Dach, D. Thaller, A. Maier, D. Arnold, L. Prange, A. Jäggi 1.10 SLR in the framework of the EGSIEM project A. Maier , A. Sušnik , D. Arnold , K. Sosnica , U. Meyer , R. Dach , A. Jäggi 1.11 Phases Ambiguities Resolution Combining Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and SBAS Augmentation Methods Noureddine Kheloufi 1.12 Satellite radio laser ranging stations for GNSS application: requirements for technical characteristics and methods of their implementation M.A. Sadovnikov, V.D. Shargorodskiy 1.13 POD improvements of GNSS satellites through the measurements of their nongravitational accelerations by means of an onboard accelerometer D. M. Lucchesi, E. Fiorenza, C. Lefevre, M. Lucente, C. Magnafico, R. Peron, F. Santoli and V. A. Iafolla 1.14 An SLR campaign on Galileo satellites 5 and 6 for a test of the gravitational redshift P. Delva , F. Deleflie , P. Exertier and S. Loyer 2015 ILRS Technical Workshop 2 GNSS session B: ILRS Network Performance and Improvement 2.1 Summary of Results from ILRS GNSS Tracking Campaigns C. Noll , M. Pearlman, M. Torrence 2.2 Preliminary results of Russian laser ranging network performance in the third GNSS tracking campaign Pasynkov V.V., Sadovnikov M.A., Shargorodskiy V.D., Zhukov A.N. 2.3 Recent SLR tracking improvements at Herstmonceux G.Appleby, C.Potter, J.Rodriguez, R.Sherwood, V.Smith, T.Shoobridge, M.Wilkinson. 2.4 Maximizing the output of SLR station Graz: Tracking 140 targets Georg Kirchner, Franz Koidl 2.5 Theoretical Performance of NASA's SGSLR System Ranging to GNSS Satellites John Degnan 2.6 Thermo-optical vacuum testing of Galileo IOV laser retro-reflectors of GALILEO IOV LRA L. Porcelli, S. Dell'Agnello, A. Boni, C. Cantone, E. Ciocci, S. Contessa, G. Delle Monache, N. Intaglietta, C. Lops, C. Mondaini, M. Maiello, M. Martini, G. Patrizi, L. Salvatori, M. Tibuzzi, P. Tuscano 2.7 Thermo-optical vacuum testing of IRNSS LRA qualification model L. Porcelli, S. Dell'Agnello, R. Venkateswaran, P. Chakraborty, V. V. Ramana Reddy, K. V. Sriram, A. Boni, C. Cantone, E. Ciocci, S. Contessa, G. Delle Monache, N. Intaglietta, C. Lops, C. Mondaini, M. Maiello, M. Martini, G. Patrizi, L. Salvatori, M. Tibuzzi, P. Tuscano 2.8 Retroreflector Array for an Eccentric Orbit D. Arnold 2.9 The COPERNICUS Sentinel-3 mission J. Fernández, F. Ayuga , P. Féménias , H. Peter 2.10 INRRI-EDM/2016: the First Laser Retroreflector Payload on Mars Delle Monache G.,Dell'Agnello S., Vittori R., Porcelli L., Tibuzzi M., Boni A., Intaglietta N., Salvatori L., Tuscano P., Ciocci E., Martini M., Contessa S., Patrizi G., Mondaini C., Lops C., Maiello M., Bianco G., Cantone C. 2015 ILRS Technical Workshop 3 Space Debris session 3.1 Laser ranging initiatives at ESA in support of operational needs and space surveillance and tracking T. Flohrer, H. Krag 3.2 Light Curve Measurements with Single Photon Counters at Graz SLR Georg Kirchner, Franz Koidl, Michael Steindorfer, Wang Peiyuan 3.3b Zimmerwald Laser Observations to Determine Attitude States of Space Debris T. Schildknecht, J-N. Pittet, J. Silha, M. Prohaska, M. Ploner 3.4 Orbital Debris Laser Ranging Station Stuttgart D. Hampf, W. Riede, P. Wagner, F. Sproll, L. Humbert 3.5 The Application of Superconducting Nanowire Single-photon detector in Laser Ranging and Preliminary Measuring Results Zhang Zhongping,Meng Wendong,Wu Zhibo,Zhang Haifeng,Li Pu,Deng Huarong 3.6 Review of Solid State Photon Counters for Laser Tracking of Orbital Space Debris I. Prochazka, J. Kodet, J. Blazej, G. Kirchner , F. Koidl 3.7 MORAL: Alt-Azimuth one meter class mount for SLR N.Bellini, S.Naldi, D.Rastelli, M.Valdatta 3.8 SP-DART: Single-Photon Detection, Alignment and Reference Tool Georg Kirchner, Franz Koidl, Michael Steindorfer, Wang Peiyuan 3.8b Space Debris Tracking in Changchun Observatory DONG Xue, Han Xingwei, Fan Cunbo, SONG Qingli 3.8c Space Debris Ranging Data Orbit Determination LIANG Zhipeng, LIU Chengzhi, FAN Cunbo, HAN Xingwei 4 Time Transfer session 4.1 All Optical Time and Frequency Distribution for Space Geodesy U. Schreiber , J. Kodet , J. Eckl , G. Herold , G. Kronschnabl , C. Plötz , A.Neidhardt 4.2 Why Geodesy Needs Time! Anja Schlicht 4.3 Requirements on SLR System for Participation in ELT and Future Laser Time Transfer Experiments I. Prochazka , J. Kodet , J. Blazej 4.4 Collation and transfer of time scales with sub-nanosecond accuracy by laser range and pseudo-range measurements V.D. Shargorodskiy, M.V. Baryshnikov, M.A. Sadovnikov, 4.5 Synchronization of distant Laser stations thanks to Time Transfer by Laser Link : Proposal for a dedicated campaign A. Belli , P. Exertier , E. Samain , C.Courde , J.M.Torre , F. Vernotte 4.6 Satellite Quantum Communications exploiting SLR at MLRO 2015 ILRS Technical Workshop G. Vallone, D. Dequal, M. Tomasin, F. Vedovato, M. Schiavon, V. Luceri, G. Bianco and P. Villoresi 5 System Biases session A: Analytic Results 5.1 Systematic range error 2014-2015 T. Otsubo 5.2 Impact of range biases on global reference frames H. Mueller, M. Blossfeld 5.3 ILRS Stations' range biases revealed by a 20-year analysis of LAGEOS observations 1993-2014 G.M.Appleby, J.C. Rodriguez Perez 6 System Biases session B: station issues 6.1 Improving the Local Ties of a Fundamental Station by a Multi-Technique Ground Target J. Kodet , U. Schreiber , J. Eckl , G. Herold , G. Kronschnabl , C. Plötz , A.Neidhardt , S. Mähler , T. Schüler , T. Klügel 6.2 Single Photon Tracking under difficult Condition J. J. Eckl , K. U. Schreiber 6.3 Analysis of Yunnan Observatories' 1.2m Telescope Laser Ranging System Biases Li Zhulian,Zhai Dongsheng,Fu Honglin,Li Rongwang,Li Yuqiang,He Shaohui,Zhang Yuncheng,Xiong Yaoheng 6.4 SLR Station Biases Ivan Prochazka 2015 ILRS Technical Workshop 1 GNSS session A: Synergy of SLR and GNSS Data Products Chairs: E. Pavlis, D. Thaller, C. Noll, V. Glotov 1.1 ITRF2014: Preliminary results and ILRS contribution Z. Altamimi, P. Rebischung, L. Métivier, X. Collilieux


This study aims to test empirically whether there is a relationhip between self-control on the behavior of sharing news online. This study used quantitative methods with 173 subjects. The self-control scale used in this study was adapted from Tangney, Baumeister and Boone (2004) that consist of 36 items and after the trials leaving 30 valid items with reability of 0.927. The Behavior of sharing news online scale used in this study is compiled and developed by researcher that consist of 29 items and after the trials leaving 21 valid items with reliability of 0,919.


This article examines the period of greatest development of the practice of waste sorting in Buenos Aires, Argentina, at the end of the nineteenth century. It aims to address the ambivalent way in which this practice was socially represented at a time when its economic value was not in doubt. In particular, it explores the difficulties encountered by these workers to become professionalized until they were displaced from socially recognized occupations at the beginning of the twentieth century. In so doing, it examines some interpretations regarding the persistence of a stigmatizing image of waste pickers, an image that is currently in full symbolic dispute due to environmental concerns. The article draws upon different sources, such as municipal memoirs and magazines, press, police records, plays, travelers' diaries, photographs, and engravings.


Authors' reply We currently use 3000 mg of intra-articular TXA, as there is no increase in complications but a significant difference in haemoglobin drop: control group (35±11 g/dl), 1500 mg TXA group (29±9 g/dl, p=0.005), and 3000 mg TXA group (23±10 g/dl). Serum TXA levels were not measured. One study reported the serum TXA levels were 70% less with intra-articular versus intravenous routes of delivery.1 A meta-analysis confirmed the efficacy of intraarticular TXA delivery as an alternative to intravenous delivery.2 We are conducting a randomised noninferiority trial comparing intravenous and intraarticular TXA in 166 patients. Intra-articular delivery appears to reduce bleeding, without increasing serum TXA absorption. The literature tends not to support the routine use of surgical drains for TKA.3 Since introduction of TXA, joint swelling has been significantly reduced and the justification for the use of a surgical drain has become less valid. In addition, we consider that clamping a drain in an emergency situation to control 'immediate, brisk blood loss' is not a valid reason to use a drain. If such a situation occurs, there should be a surgical cause for bleeding or coagulopathy. Clamping of a drain to produce a tamponade effect results in the same result as not using a drain in the beginning. The routine use of TXA has not been associated with an increased risk of thrombo-embolic events, according to several meta-analyses.1 As such, the routine use of Doppler sonography for deep vein thrombosis cannot be justified. Future prospective, randomised trials should analyse the dose-related responses to reduce the risk of bias.


Data mining has been widely applied to make prediction for finance crisis risk, and they often obtain a good result. Financial distress prediction can be formulated as a classification problem using data mining. Many data mining methods for classification can be used to solve the finance earlyoften obtain a well support decision, and one single method has its weakness for classification. In this paper, we use information fusion technique to build a finance early-warning model based on data mining methods, which can integrate the respective strengths from different data mining methods to improve the prediction accuracy rate, it fuses the different data mining results to gain the prediction results for reliable decision. We also choose the real dataset of Chinese listed manufacturing companies to predict the finance risk with information fusion technique based on SVM and Logistic model, and make comparison with the two methods to make prediction respectively. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the organizers of the 2013 International Conference on Computational Science Keyword: Finance early-warning; SVM; Logistic; Information fusion


Background: In chest trauma, the conditions that compromise breathing very fast include hemothorax (HTx), pneumothorax (PTx), or both (HPTx). Fortunately, these conditions can be managed with tube thoracostomy (TT). This study was performed to determine whether TT position affects the rate of secondary intervention. Patients and Method: We studied adult trauma patients who underwent TT placement over a period of one year (from March 2017 to March 2018) in 3 Nigerian teaching hospitals. Classification of tube placement by radiologist was considered as ideal when the tube was apically directed and placed in the pleural cavity. Non-ideal TT was defined within the fissure or supradiaphragmatic position. The primary outcome was defined as TT replacement, additional TT tube insertion, or surgical intervention. Results: Ninety seven chest trauma patients who underwent TT placement. Indications for placement were HPTx (43.2%), HTx (26.8%), and PTx (30.0%). Majority of patients were male (66%), median age of 40.8 years (IQR 16–55 years), and blunt (71.1%) trauma. Ideal TT positioning was found in 76 (78.4%) and non-ideal 21 (21.6%). Secondary intervention rate was 4 (19.0%) including 3 (14.25%) replaced TT and 1 (4.75%) thoracotomy. Rate of secondary intervention for ideal and non-ideal TT position was 1 (1.0%) and 19.0% (P = 0.009), respectively. The difference in rate of secondary intervention was not significant (25.1% vs 34.1%, P = 0.09). Conclusion: Position of a non-kinked TT with the sentinel hole within the thoracic cavity does not affect secondary intervention rates. Given over 20% of individuals with additional TT placement required operative intervention for definitive management, early operative intervention in the setting of non-kinked TT provides ideal patient care.


The melting of three samples of poly(e-caprolactone)(PCL) isothermally crystallized at-20~50℃ with different molecular weight(MW) is investigated using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The effects on the melting point(Tm) of PCL crystals caused by the heating rate of DSC are studied,and the true Tms are extrapolated using the relationship between Tm and the heating rate of DSC.The high temperature of PCL crystalline from the chan-ges between Tm and Tc.The equilibrium melting points of different MW of PCL(Tm0(MW)) are obtained according Hoffman-Weeks method.The long distance of PCL at different Tc is measured by SAXS and the relative crystallinity is calculated using the wide-angle diffraction peak area,which define the length of crystalline area.Moreover,the equilibrium melting point of different MW of PCL(Tm0(∞),is extrapolated using Gibbs-Thomson method,which is measured by the relation of Tm0(∞) and the extended chain length of different MW PCL.These results obtained by the two different methods are consistent with each other,and Tm0(∞)≈74℃.


FIELD: physics, communications. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to communication systems and particularly to controlling extended media and using random access points in a secondary stream associated with a primary stream of extended media packets. The secondary stream (20) of extended media packets (21, 22, 23), which determines the state of the scene of the part (34) of the scene (30) represented by the primary stream (10) or extended media packets (11, 12, 13). Local random access data are provided, which determine instructions for allowance to be processed, and the initial state of part of the scene (34) is created without affecting the state of the scene of parts (32, 36) of the scene. Local random access data are packed in at least one extended media packet (21, 23), which is inserted into the secondary stream (20) and transmitted to at least one user terminal (300). Local random access data can be used by terminals (300) for adjustment at the secondary stream (20) and/or for reconstruction in case of errors associated with the secondary stream (20). EFFECT: enabling control of extended media packets, which enables reconstruction in case of errors and/or possibility of adjustment in a secondary or auxiliary stream of extended media packets. 29 cl, 13 dwg


OBJECTIVE
We investigated the incidence of pediatric type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Germany during 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) compared with the control period 2011-2019.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data on T2D in children (aged 6 to <18 years) were obtained from the DPV (German Diabetes Prospective Follow-up) Registry. Poisson regression was used to estimate incidences for 2020 and 2021 based on data from 2011 to 2019, and these were compared with observed incidences in 2020 and 2021 by estimating incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs.

RESULTS
Incidence of youth-onset T2D increased from 0.75 per 100,000 patient-years (PYs) in 2011 (95% CI 0.58, 0.93) to 1.25 per 100,000 PYs in 2019 (95% CI 1.02, 1.48), an annual increase of 6.8% (95% CI 4.1, 9.6). In 2020, T2D incidence increased to 1.49 per 100,000 PYs (95% CI 1.23, 1.81), which was not significantly higher than predicted (IRR 1.15; 95% CI 0.90, 1.48). In 2021, the observed incidence was significantly higher than expected (1.95; 95% CI 1.65, 2.31 vs. 1.38; 95% CI 1.13; 1.69 per 100,000 PYs; IRR 1.41; 95% CI 1.12, 1.77). Although there was no significant increase in incidence in girls in 2021, the observed incidence in boys (2.16; 95% CI 1.73, 2.70 per 100,000 PYs) significantly exceeded the predicted rate (IRR 1.55; 95% CI 1.14, 2.12), leading to a reversal of the sex ratio of pediatric T2D incidence.

CONCLUSIONS
In Germany, incidence of pediatric T2D increased significantly in 2021. Adolescent boys were more affected by this increase, resulting in a reversal of the sex ratio of youth-onset T2D.


The purpose of this review-and-research paper is twofold: (i) to review the role played in climate dynamics by ∞uid-dynamical models; and (ii) to contribute to the understanding and reduction of the uncertainties in future climate-change projections. To illustrate the flrst point, we review recent theoretical advances in studying the winddriven circulation of the oceans. In doing so, we concentrate on the large-scale, wind-driven ∞ow of the mid-latitude oceans, which is dominated by the presence of a larger, anticyclonic and a smaller, cyclonic gyre. The two gyres share the eastward extension of western boundary currents, such as the Gulf Stream or Kuroshio, and are induced by the shear in the winds that cross the respective ocean basins. The boundary currents and eastward jets carry substantial amounts of heat and momentum, and thus contribute in a crucial way to Earth's climate, and to changes therein. Changes in this double-gyre circulation occur from year to year and decade to decade. We study this low-frequency variability of the wind-driven, double-gyre circulation in mid-latitude ocean basins, via the bifurcation sequence that leads from steady states through periodic solutions and on to the chaotic, irregular ∞ows documented in the observations. This sequence involves local, pitchfork and Hopf bifurcations, as well as global, homoclinic ones. The natural climate variability induced by the low-frequency variability of the ocean circulation is but one of the causes of uncertainties in climate projections. The range of these uncertainties has barely decreased, or even increased, over the last three decades. Another major cause of such uncertainties could reside in the structural instability|in the classical, topological sense|of the equations governing climate dynamics, including but not restricted to those of atmospheric and ocean dynamics. We propose a novel approach to understand, and possibly reduce, these uncertainties, based on the concepts and methods of random dynamical systems theory. The idea is to compare the climate simulations of distinct general circulation models (GCMs) used in climate projections, by applying stochastic-conjugacy methods and thus perform a stochastic classiflcation of GCM families. This approach is particularly appropriate given recent interest in stochastic parametrization of subgrid-scale processes in GCMs. As a very flrst step in this direction, we study the behavior of the Arnol'd family of circle maps in the presence of noise. The maps' flne-grained resonant landscape is smoothed by the noise, thus permitting their coarse-grained classiflcation.


The purpose of this study were (1) to know critical thinking skill of the fifth semester English Department students of Mulawarman University, (2) To know writing argumentative essay achievement of the fifth semester English Department students of Mulawarman University, (3) To find whether there is significant correlation between critical thinking skill and writing argumentative essay achievement of the fifth semester English Department students of Mulawarman University.The design of this study was correlation design. By using random sampling, we took 30 students as our research participants. In getting the data, we used critical thinking test and writing argumentative essay test. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.The findings of this study showed that: (1) The critical thinking skill achievement of the fifth semester English department students of Mulawarman University was poor with the mean score of 51.51; (2) The writing argumentative essay achievement of the fifth semester English department students of Mulawarman University was good with the mean score of 74.42; (3) there is a significant correlation between critical thinking skill and writing argumentative essay achievement of the fifth semester English Department students of Mulawarman University.


The effective control of climate change rests, to a great extent, on governance mechanisms to protect the global commons as a type of common pool resource on a global scale. This calls for action beyond the boundaries of the state and of local interests. Collective solutions at the global level are needed as a means of sharing in the promises that globalisation holds. Moreover, global policies need to rest on the harmonisation of local and national interests in order to be effectively implemented. The attendant implementation challenges are addressed in this article with reference to Brazil's experience, against the backdrop of considerations also applicable to other developing countries. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Sabina Nowak, studying a Bachelor of International Relations/Bachelor of Arts specialising in Spanish, development studies and sociology, spent three months in first semester working with the Timorese ambassador on the project, which aims to diversify its country's economy.
"The embassy was a smaller mission [than others in ANIP] but that was really great for me as it meant that I saw more of what they did," Sabina recalls.


Population urbanization is a sure way in any developed society, it is also a symbol of nationwide modernization. Thus in China, developing small towns is necessary to promote rural economy, and it leads to a unique way of population urbanization. In such small towns as Xiaochang, development is largely hindered. Therefore, only when conditions in small towns are improved, can overall development in rural areas be obtained.


Nowadays in the restructured scenario, the main challenging objective of the modern power system is to avoid blackouts and provide uninterrupted quality power supply with dynamic response during emergency to improve power system security and stability. In this sense the convertible static compensator (CSC) that is the Generalized Inter line power flow controller (GIPFC), can control and optimize power flow in multi-line transmission system instead of controlling single line like its forerunner FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) controller. By adding a STATCOM (Static synchronous Shunt Converter) at the front end of the test power system and connecting to the common DC link of the IPFC, it is possible to bring the power factor to higher level and harmonics to the lower level and this arrangement is popularly known as Generalized Inter line power flow controller (GIPFC). In this paper a new concept of GIPFC based on incorporating a voltage source converter with zero sequence injection SPWM technique is presented for reinforcement of system stability margin. A detailed circuit model of modified GIPFC is developed and its performance is validated for a standard test system. Simulation is done using MATLAB Simulink. Index Terms—Convertible static controller, Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), Generalized Interline Power Flow Controller (GIPFC), STATCOM, SSSC, Reactive power compensation.


Simply stated, a cavity wall is two walls of masonry, separated by a cavity of varying dimension. The masonry walls may consist of solid brick, structural clay tile, or concrete masonry units and are bonded together with masonry ties. Cavity walls are not new, they have been observed in ancient Greek and Roman structures. At the Greco Roman town of Pergamum, on the hills overlooking the Turkish town of Bergama, a stone wall of cavity type construction still exists. All materials required are usually available locally, which eliminates costly shipping charges and untimely postponements. Cavity walls are energy efficient when considering the life cycle cost of a building. Description of the properties of cavity walls, including structural properties, water penetration resistance, fire resistance, and thermal and sound transmission properties are included. Recommendations for cavities, flashing, expansion joints, ties and other related subjects are covered. Also covered plan of normal masonry wall & cavity masonry wall and their estimation and costing. Index Terms Cavity wall, masonry work, brick masonry, cost estimation. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


In the banking sector as well as in all other components of the service sector, the employment of qualified staff is very important. This is because customers and employees in the service sector experience one-to-one communication and so employee attitudes and behaviors directly affect service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty (Zeithaml ve Bitner, 1996; Woodruffe, 1999; Ahlrichs, 2000; Erdemir, 2007; Türk, 2004; Lee-Ross, 2003). The idea that high quality service can be provided by qualified staff puts emphasis on the education of those who will be employed in these fields. However, the fact that proper education is being provided in this field is not sufficient by itself. The sector and businesses in the sector should be perceived as attractive by the education receivers. When negative perceptions are created about the sector, students may not be willing to seek a job in sector companies after graduation.


A general probabilistic method called collocation-based stochastic response surface method (CSRSM) was previously developed. It involves the propagation of input uncertainties through a computation model to arrive at a random output vector. It is assumed that the unknown random output can be expanded using a polynomial chaos basis with corresponding unknown coefficients. The unknown coefficients are evaluated using a collocation method because it has the important practical advantage of allowing existing deterministic numerical codes to be used as 'black boxes'. The roots of the Hermite polynomial provide efficient collocation points to evaluate the coefficients in the stochastic response surface. An Excel add-in is developed to produce the basis functions (multi-dimensional Hermite polynomials) without resorting to symbolic algebra practitioners. This is a major practical advantage that would bring realistic probabilistic analyses within reach of the practitioners. Full Excel implementation details are illustrated using a simple slope problem involving six input random variables. A second problem (sum of exponential random variables) is studied to examine CSRSM over a wider range of conditions. It also provides further validation because the solution is available in closed-form. The results show the ease and successful implementation of the proposed Excel-based CSRSM. However, the add-in is unable to handle correlated input parameters thus far. Future development work is needed.


Objective:To observe the efficacy and toxicity of high-frequency hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy gemcitabine and cisplatin for recurrent ovarian cancer.Methods:Twenty three patients with recurrent ovarian cancer treated with gemcitabine(1000mg/m2,iv d1,8) and cisplatin(35mg/m2,iv d1,8),21-28 days for one cycle,for 2 cycles;the treatment of external abdominal high-frequency hyperthermia was performed twice a week after the chemotherapy,each time for 60 minutes.Results:Overall response rate was 65.2%,of which CR 5 cases(21.7%),PR 10 cases(43.5%) ;and toxicity was mainly leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.Conclusion:High-frequency hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy gemcitabine and cisplatin for recurrent ovarian cancer is effective,and the toxicity is tolerable.


In 1905, Einstein's annus mirabilis, Dr. Charles Lester Leonard began his presidential address to the American Roentgen Ray Society with, "A review of what has been accomplished in the decade since Roentgen's discovery is a fitting subject for the annual address in this decimal year…. It will form a base from which we can attempt to look into the future." I wonder if Dr. Leonard would recognize the future if he could be present at this meeting, a century later, and see what it became. In the decade between the discovery of X‐rays by Roentgen in 1895 and Dr. Leonard's address much had happened in the world of radiation physics. Although there were new discoveries, especially that of radioactivity, the overall emphasis was upon the application of "radiation" to clinical problems without fully understanding the nature of the "radiation" or its interaction with matter, especially tissue. When Roentgen discovered X‐rays in November 1895, the news spread rapidly through the continental Europe, Great Britain and the United States and many individuals began generating and using them. This was not surprising since the basic equipment was readily available, Crooks tubes, high voltage generators, induction coils, etc, especially in academic departments and the information in newspaper accounts of Roentgen's work was detailed enough to get started. Physicists were just as likely therefore to be involved as medical doctors. Unfortunately the above equipment, except for the Crook's tube, was also being used for what became called electro‐therapeutics, the treatment of disease by electricity which on the whole was considered "quackery". In the fall‐out between radiology and electro‐therapeutics the physicists became caught in the middle. This created problems for medical physicist that would take half a century to start addressing. No such problem existed in Great Britain allowing medical physics to develop earlier there than in the United States. Much of the development in the period 1985 to 1905 was in the area of X‐rays, although radium had been discovered by the Curies in 1898 it was very expensive, in 1906 1 gram of radium cost $50,000, and demand far exceeded supply. However the clinical application of radium was clearly recognized and programs for its therapeutic use in the treatment of cancer had started at a number of institutions world‐ wide. The major needs in 1905 were the requirement for the standardization of treatments, accurate measurement of radiation, reliable equipment and steady output, an understanding of the radiobiological effects of radiation, a basic understanding of the physics involved. In the next few years all of these questions would be extensively addressed. Educational Objectives: 1. To appreciate the status of clinical radiation physics in 1905. 2. To realize what was and what was not known about radiation physics in 1905 3. To appreciate the problems that still had to be addressed.


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Artificial Neuron Network Principles and Paradigms Applications of ANNs in Speech Recognition Conclusions Problems


HITHERTO, ONLY TWO SHAKESPEAREAN PLAYS HAVE SUCCESSFULLY resisted the indefatigable efforts of scholars to discover the sources on which the playwright depended for his main plot: A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Tempest. Perhaps because the latter play is considered by many, including myself, to be his most mysterious, complex, yet profoundly unified work, its undiscovered source or sources have offered a mark at which countless commentators


Out-of-Autoclave technologies are emerging as cost-effective alternatives to autoclave cure prepreg. However, their implementation in aerospace industry is still presenting many challenges. A common problem is the shape distortions that results in geometry mismatches with the tool. A way to avoid this and ensure a good final quality part is identifying the mechanisms that induce these deformations and optimize the manufacturing process of each component with the aim of reducing the production of faulty parts. The main objective of ELADINE project is to provide a method for shape distortions prediction on composite integral structures using an experimental-numerical approach. Different manufacturing parameters were monitored using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors and DC-dielectric (DC) sensors and the resulting part geometry was examined by means of 3D coordinate analysis. The study performed for LRI (Liquid Resin Infusion) manufactured parts and the scenarios considered for the calibration of a Finite Element Method (FEM) based simulation tool are presented in the article. The resulting model will be implemented in a sub-scale demonstrator and, eventually, in a full 7-meter composite wing-box.


When discovered, the American Indian tribes represented three distinct ethnical periods, and more completely than they were elsewhere then represented upon the earth. Materials for ethnology, philology and archeology were offered in unparalleled abundance; but as these sciences scarcely existed until the present century, and are but feebly prosecuted among us at the present time, the workmen have been unequal to the work. Moreover, while fossil remains buried in the earth will keep for the future student, the remains of Indian arts, languages and institutions will not. They are perishing daily, and have been perishing for upwards of three centuries. The ethnic life of the Indian tribes is declining under the influence of American civilization, their arts and languages are disappearing, and their institutions are


We consider the problem of variable selection in general nonlinear mixed-e ets models, including mixed-e ects hidden Markov models. These models are used extensively in the study of repeated measurements and longitudinal analysis. We propose a Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) that is appropriate for nonstandard situations where both the number of subjects N and the number of measurements per subject n tend to in nity. In this case, the consistency rates of the maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) of the parameters depend on the level of variability designed in the model. We show that the MLE of the population parameters related to subject-speci c parameters are \sqrt(N)-consistent whereas the MLE of the parameters related to xed parameters are \sqrt(Nn)-consistent. We derive a BIC criterion with a penalty based on two terms proportional to log(N) and log(Nn). Finite-sample properties of the proposed selection procedure are investigated by simulation studies.


This essay examines the efforts of the writer Marcel Pagnol and the philosopher Michel Serres to revive the nuanced Amerindian metaphor of "Mother Earth" in the Anthropocene epoch.  Given that faulty anthropocentric logic and the unfounded doctrine of human exceptionalism concretize the nexus of the current era of non-sustainability, Pagnol and Serres attempt to breathe life back into this often misunderstood, multifaceted concept in an effort to (re-)envision a healthier relationship with the cosmic whole that sustains the existence of all sentient and non-sentient beings.  As this study highlights, this rich Amerindian metaphor opens up into philosophical, spiritual, and scientific dimensions.  Moreover, this investigation of the common threads that exist between Pagnol's prose and Serres's interdisciplinary, unconventional philosophy reveals the deep symbolism of the Amerindian metaphor of "Mother Earth.  This ecocentric concept could represent an invaluable point of departure for articulating the radical paradigm shift in our homocentric thinking that is paramount in order to avert the impending, anthropogenic ecological crisis that threatens to destroy all abundant life on this planet.  Pagnol's prose and Serres's philosophy promote a different way of being in the world in a human-centered universe that is increasingly defined by an environmental calamity of epic proportions.


Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that affects attention and impulse control in children/adolescents, undermining the school and daily activities. The aim of this study was to know the perception of caregivers about school life of children/ adolescents after sessions of Tui Na massage. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with their caregivers after attended sessions of Tui Na massage. The interviews were conducted between September and November, 2013, and submitted to content analysis. Caregivers realized that children/ adolescents with ADHD suffered discrimination at school and educators, in most cases, were not prepared and were not tolerant to handle these children/adolescents. After completing the massage sessions, children/adolescents showed greater responsiveness with school activities, as well as improved their level of concentration, attention, happiness, and well-being.


We analyze habit formation in sports attendance utilizing rainfall as an unexpected, transitory shock to attendance costs. Using attendance data from Major League Baseball (MLB) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather data, we analyze the impact of variation in game day weather conditions on current and future MLB attendance. The empirical strategy permits identification of both the formation and persistence of habit from exogenous weather shocks. Past adverse weather shocks increase future attendance by about 200 fans per game. This contributes to the literature developing empirical evidence of habit formation in the field and provides policy implications for optimal ticket-pricing strategies.


In this paper, we examine the heterogeneity in the short run gasoline demand responsiveness to price and income changes across 40 cities in the province of Quebec Canada using quarterly data over the 2004 to 2009 period. We reject the hypothesis of identical elasticities across markets. However, the range of values for the price elasticity is quite limited and confirms that the demand for gasoline is highly inelastic. The income elasticity appears to be more variable across markets. When comparing cities with significant public transportation supply and those without, we do not find any major difference in the price elasticity. The income elasticity is however more than double in these markets at around -1. The other major difference is the negative trend in markets with transit over the observed period.


Combined with the water draining and supplying design of a high building in Beijing,it puts emphasis on discussing the design of water supply system,heating system,water-recycling system and draining system. It also summarizes the features of water draining and supplying design of high building,which can be reference for designers.


Background: Depression is one of the growing public health concerns among women worldwide. This is one of the most under-recognized and under-treated mental illnesses worldwide. Women of developing countries are inexplicably affecting with depression. Purpose: The purpose of study is to assess the prevalence and associative factors of depression among women of aged 20 to 40 years living in urban squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan. The identification of all the potential determinants will potentially help in formulating preventive strategies in order to decline the prevalence of depression among women and improve the wellbeing of women. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey was employed among women living in Reta Plot and Kala Board communities of Karachi, Pakistan. Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) was used to measure depression. Systematic sampling was used to recruit 636 married women. Cox proportional hazard was run to compute prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence interval. Results: Our study estimated 33.3% of depression among study participants. The current study showed that age, possession of own vehicle, years of schooling and recent deaths in family were significantly associated with depression. Conclusion: This research was a bold step to address the issue of increasing rate of depression among Pakistani population. Our study results can convince policy makers to extend mental health support to women by improving accessibility of services. Recommendation: Our study recommends that the women of our society should be encouraged for attaining education. This study also recommends that at primary health care setting, every health professional should be trained to screen the depression. Moreover, the results of our study can also encourage policy makers to expand mental health support services for women.


Kennett et al. (1) apply a Bayesian chronological model in an effort to support the hypothesis of Firestone et al. (2) that "a major cosmic episode of multiple airbursts/impacts occurred at 12,800 ± 300 [B.P.]." Bayesian modeling is a powerful tool because it is intended to incorporate and account for all available evidence. However, Kennett et al. (1) do not include radiocarbon data by Boslough et al. (3) and others in their new analysis because they found it contradictory, undermining their own objectives. Moreover, Kennett et al. (1) dismiss issues raised by the key data they omitted for being contradictory rather than incorporating it their Bayesian model.


ABSTRACT Public management scholars have long observed that Americans' attitudes about public sector performance are negative, even though public sector organizations often perform at a high level. We use a survey experiment to test whether this negativity is a product of anti-public sector bias, using package delivery as our context. We also test whether objective performance information can correct this bias. Our results suggest that individuals expect a lower level of performance from the United States Postal Service (USPS) than Federal Express (FedEx), a prominent private sector shipping organization. Moreover, our results suggest that objective performance information does not completely override this "expectation bias"—individuals rate USPS and FedEx differently, even when their ratings are based on identical favorable performance updates.


This article introduced the features of hospital infection control in Hongkong,which including combining the hospital infection control with econ- omy benefit,emphasizing on the idea of human-centered and training all staff to learn and practice correct patient-care behaviors,preferring regular pbysical cleaning rather than inappropriate use of chemical disinfection,standardizing the use of antibiotics and technique procedures,adopting classified dealing with medical trash,paying close attention to the occupational protection and making popularization of vaccination for medical staff to reduce envi- ronment pollution and cost.


Purpose – Based on job embeddedness (JE) theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of goal orientation (GO) and JE on job stress for financial service salespersons in the indeterminate situation. Design/methodology/approach – Participants were 298 insurance salespersons employed at two major life insurance institutions in Taiwan: Nan Shan and Fubon – which were formerly the subsidiaries of two international financial groups, American International Group and International Netherland Group, respectively. The models were tested using the two-step structural equation procedure. Findings – Findings indicated that, compared with salespersons in the newly merged Fubon, those in Nan Shan, which was undergoing mergers and acquisitions, were found to be subject to higher job stress with lower JE. In the process of reducing stress, JE is an important mechanism. However, the modulating influence of embeddedness is dependent on salespersons' GO. In situations of higher stress, learning-oriented salesp...


We consider the optimal control of time-scalable systems. The time-scaling property is shown to convert the PDE associated with the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation to a purely spatial PDE. Solution of this PDE yields the value function at a fixed time, and that solution can be scaled to find the value function at any point in time. Furthermore, in certain cases the unscaled control law stabilizes the system, and the unscaled value function acts as a Lyapunov function for that system. The PDE is solved for the well-known example of the nonholonomic integrator.


Since its founding in 2003, the MIT ROV Team has been participating in the Marine Advanced Technology Education (MATE) Center's International ROV Competition. This year's challenges, in recognition of the International Polar Year, include operations in environments made to resemble those found in the Polar Regions. This includes working in currents, under ice sheets and in simulated open ocean environments. The three missions, each approximately 15 minutes long and in depths of up to 20 feet, include recovery and deployment of science packages and related support structures, the collection of faunal samples and repair and maintenance work at stations under water. In keeping with its vision to look beyond the competition and push the envelope, the MIT ROV Team built on the lessons learnt during the design, construction and operation of its fourth generation ROV, MTHR, to design MIT ROV 5.0, a compact, powerful, highly maneuverable and modular robot capable of not only participating in the competition, but also performing a variety of tasks in the open environment. MIT ROV 5.0 was primarily designed to be an exploration robot meant to operate in sheltered waters, that is, with currents below one knot, lack of powerful localized turbulent flow and the absence of highly corrosive materials. The major design requirements included ease of operation, including setup, maintenance, dives and recovery, modularity, to allow quick reconfiguration to suit a variety of missions, robustness, so that it would stand up to the rigors of the open environment, small size, for greater maneuverability and low cost, for ease of reproduction. We came up with a robot that was slightly bigger than MTHR with two modular payload bays with standard connectors that could accommodate mission-specific packages. The control box contains custom designed PC-104 size circuit boards that can support a number of different actuators and thrusters and adequate space for NiMH or LiON battery packs, which can both be used. Each board can be switched easily due to extensive use of standard sizes and connection interfaces. The frame uses high strength ABS plastic side plates with LEXAN cross-struts. The tether is a single strand Kevlar-jacketed fiber-optic cable with a Kevlar support string for added security. This tether can be replaced by a regular Ethernet or CAT-V cable is the need arises. Thus the vehicle is truly modular in every way. The MIT ROV 5.0 system as designed is very easy to use. The control software can be run off virtually any computer, using the keyboard or a standard USB joystick. The vehicle itself connects to the computer using a USB-serial interface. The entire system can be setup and ready to go in under five minutes. An on-board guidance system consisting of an inertial navigation unit and a magnetic compass provide heading, attitude and position data, as well as performing station-keeping functions, allowing effective operation in currents and low-visibility conditions. MIT ROV 5.0 can also carry several different types of sensors, such as temperature, pressure and salinity, not to mention a combination of infra-red and color cameras. Payloads currently being prototyped include precision deployment and recovery modules, a sample collection package, instrument bays and an articulated manipulator arm. This capability coupled with a production cost as low as $3,000 makes MIT ROV 5.0 an extremely valuable platform for exploration, research, education, environmental monitoring and small scale repair and recovery work.


Explores the Czechoslovak People's Party and its attitudes toward the Roman Catholic Church before and during the Czechoslovak First Republic.


Abstract This paper argues that, in order to understand economic crises, we need to approach them in a multifaceted way and pay attention to the extra-economic elements. Economic crises, far from being irrevocably identifiable through objective indicators, are subject of multiple interpretations. Consequently, we need to pay attention to the perceptions of those key actors involved in taking decisions and study the policy-making processes during crises in the context of states as contradictory and never-fixed institutional arrangements with possibly contradictory territorial projects. The economic crisis in Spain and, more specifically, in the Basque Country during the 1980s is presented in this paper as a case study in which these research challenges are addressed.


Human emotion is a meaningful form of symbolic communication in terms of its transmission. And it is the basic supporting force and creative force of mankind. Also, emotions need to be stimulated, interacted and shared. Through the stage of "interaction rituals", on the one hand, a new interactive emotional space of sincerity, equality and respect has been created; on the other hand, a new emotional culture has been displayed, spread and constructed, which has played an important role in shaping emotional civilization, promoting social unity and building public emotions.


The invention relates to an omnibearing measurement device and method for a tunnel TSP (Total Suspended Particulate) geometric parameter. The device comprises a depth measuring scale, wherein the depth measuring scale and a pitch measuring scale are vertically arranged and can be connected in a sliding mode by virtue of an annular fixer; the end part of the depth measuring scale is provided with a water level base; the water level base is spirally connected with and mediates a circular water level by virtue of a plurality of pins; the circular water level is vertically connected with a heightmeasuring scale by virtue of a vertical fixer; the water level base is connected with an extending plate; the water level base and the extending plate are parallel to the depth measuring scale; and the circular water level is provided with a dip angle survey meter. According to the omnibearing measurement device, the TSP shotpoint geometric parameter can be simultaneously measured. The omnibearing measurement device adapts to the complex measurement environment of the tunnel, the measurement method is simple and accurate, and the measurement time is saved.


This article aims to explain the new management work forms such as democratic and collective management, knowledge and information appropriation, use of machines and equipment as production helpers, and the effects besides the emergence oof new economic and social relationships that could derive from these changes. These are the main points for understanding the Solidary Economy process, in which enterprises could combine economic maintenance and social commitment. Multiple and varied solutions are essential to the selfmanagement enterprises, because many times the resources found in the traditional models could be uncertain. For that reason, the solidary economy enterprises show some peculiarities at the organizational, fiscal, juridical, accountantship, patrimonial, etc. areas. These examples could show the strength and the power of self-management enterprises within the new panorama of economical growth in Brazil and in the world.


Abstract The effects of the main processing conditions on the dissolution behavior of CO2 in polystyrene melt were studied using a novel in-line method in connection with both single and twin-screw foaming extruders. Apparent solubility data obtained from the twin-screw extrusion experiments showed better consistency compared with those obtained from the single screw experiments, indicating the importance of enhanced mixing in affecting the gas dissolution and solubility behavior during an extrusion foaming process. Gas dissolution inside a twin-screw foaming extruder was further studied for CO2 in the polystyrene melt. The measured gas up-take was compared with the values calculated assuming equilibrium conditions in the gas injection zone in an effort to elucidate possible mechanisms for gas dissolution inside a foaming extruder during the actual foaming process.


The present invention belongs to the pharmaceutical field, specifically refers to a process for production of vitamin C, which obtained by fermentation of sodium cologne, cologne after sodium exchange resin obtained gulonic acid, gulonic acid with methanol generated gulonic acid in sulfuric acid catalyst , gulonic acid after adsorption treatment electrical apparatus, then the base was converted to the sodium salt of vitamin C, and finally through the exchange resin to give dimension C. Technical progress achieved by the invention are: to reduce the material consumption and the generation of byproducts during the production of vitamin C, the sulfuric acid can be recovered directly back to the esterification step, without adding new sulfuric acid; exchange resin recycling gulonic acid no longer involved in the , reducing the cost and burden the resin exchange process, thereby improving productivity.


During this last decade, automatic translation took a significant extent, thanks to the contribution generated by the spread of computers.  From this state of fact, the translation of literary and critical texts remains an inescapable reality.


We introduce a theoretical model to describe the dynamics of an electrically pumped single quantum dot interacting with a microcavity. Within our framework, it is possible to study the full photon statistics of the quantum light emission for different pump rates and to include semiconductor specific Pauli‐ blocking effects in the polarization dynamics. In the single photon limit, we find that, compared to comparable atomic systems, two photon events are suppressed stronger by the carrier reservoir of the quantum dot. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The aim of this study is to present the performance of the Gaussian dispersion model RTARC-DSS (Real Time Accident Release Consequences – Decision Support System) at the 'Kit' field experiments. The Model Validation Kit is a collection of three experimental data sets from Kincaid, Copenhagen, Lillestrom and supplementary Indianopolis experimental campaigns accompanied by software for model evaluation. The validation of the model has been performed on the basis of the maximum arc-wise concentrations using the Bootstrap resampling procedure the variation of the model residuals. Validation was performed for the short-range distances (about 1 - 10 km, maximum for Kincaid data set – 50 km from source). Model evaluation procedure and amount of relative over- or under-prediction are discussed and compared with the model.


Chill Corner Coffee and Roaster is a coffee shop that provides a cup of coffee from
various types of coffee throughout Indonesia. This coffee shop also provides a pastry or
dessert as a complement when drinking coffee. Chill Corner Coffee and Roaster has a
homey coffee shop concept and become the most suitable places for millenials to spend
time with friends, family, or clients to just hanging out or discuss. This coffee shop offers
affordable prices so don't be worry to always come in here.


Many works that adopt active thermography as a non-destructive inspection method use very sophisticated equipment for test piece thermal excitation and data acquisition, which demand highly prepared operators, causing their application in industrial environments very costly. This paper aims at detecting defects in adhesive joints of fiberglass reinforced epoxi pipes by means of the Fourier transform phase angle analysis of the time evolution pixel amplitude, using simple and low-cost equipment. Results show that is possible to detect defects in adhesive joints, studying the phase angle behavior, even in regions, where the thermograms show no defects.


In this paper, a kind of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) model based on multivariate statistical analysis was developed and applied in studying the vibration characteristic of SMA intravascular stent in blood stream field. Hysteretic nonlinear theory was introduced to interpret the difference between loading and unloading curve of SMA. Multivariate statistical analysis method was applied in finding the relationship among strain, stress and temperature. Dynamic characteristic of SMA intravascular stent in blood stream field was analyzed in multi- scale method and the first-order approximate solution was obtained. Finally the stability of SMA beam system in blood stream field was analyzed. The new SMA model can describe the strain-stress hysteretic curves of SMA well, which is helpful to research on SMA in theory.


The octahedral defect pyrochlore KNbWO6·H2O is prepared by a two-step solvothermal process starting with a mixture of KOH and Nb2O5 (H2O, autoclave, 180 °C, 2 d) to form a solution of K8Nb6O19 which is then dissolved in octanol and mixed with H2WO4 (pH 7.2 adjusted with HCl, autoclave, 220 °C, 2 d).


The scholarship on Global Value Chains is very recently recognising the increasing importance of fragmentation of production that involves services – and in particular business services – offshoring. A predominant stand by scholars emerges in this embryonic domain (Blinder, 2006; Gereffi and Fernandez-Stark, 2010; Ventura, 2014). Participation in GVC in business services might be considered a sort of 'third unbundling' of internationalisation of production, which opens up new opportunities for catching up in transition and developing countries. What are the theoretical and empirical bases for such a claim? Do these apply to both developed and developing contexts? Is the occurrence of "a flat world" (Friedman, 2005) ultimately responsible for a global sectoral structural change involving services? Is this process leading to smart and equitable catching up processes? This chapter selectively systematises the traditional and emerging literature on GVCs and claims the importance of domestic and local Hirschman-linked specialisation before joining GVCs as a catching-up strategy.