A study was conducted to investigate the nutritional response of West African Dwarf Goats offered a concentrate diet containing Wild sunflower leaf meal, as supplement to a guinea grass basal diet. Twenty WAD goats with age range of 5 – 7 months weighing approximately 6.94kg± 0.37 were randomly allotted to a concentrate diet containing graded levels of wild sunflower leaf meal (WSLM) at 0, 10, 20 and 30% levels of inclusion, in a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted for 16 weeks and parameters determined include feed intake, weight gain, digestibility, nitrogen utilization and feed conversion ratio. Results obtained indicate no significant difference (P>0.05) in the dry matter intake (DMI), weight gain and dry matter digestibility of the goats on the different diets. However, the crude protein digestibility and nitrogen utilization of goats on 0% and 10% WSFLM inclusion were higher (P<0.05) than those on 20% and 30% WSLM diet. It was concluded that wild sunflower leaf meal can serve as a forage supplement to the WAD goats up to 30% level of inclusion without any deleterious effect.


This article analyses whether and how Taiwan's exports are sensitive to national differences in intellectual property right (IPR) protection, as well as the degree of imitation threat. Applying a longitudinal IPR index developed by the World Economic Forum (WEF) and using the generalized method of moments dynamic panel data modelling technique to control for endogeneity and panel unit root problems, the empirical results show that the strength of importing countries' IPR protection has a positive impact on Taiwan's exports, supporting the standpoint of market expansion that stronger IPR protection will induce more trade. Under various classification systems to differentiate the degree of threat of imitation across countries, both positive and negative export effects of IPR are found in Taiwan's case. However, the pattern of threat of imitation–trade nexus seems to contradict theory predictions. Moreover, high-tech exports are found be more IPR sensitive than non-high-tech exports.


People with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs), such as Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, present with difficulties in social understanding (including 'theory of mind'), and restricted and repetitive interests. Theory of mind or 'mentralizing' describes the ability to understand the mental states (beliefs, desires, intentions) of others, including human or quasi-human agents in stories. Hence, it is a prerequisite for understanding religious narratives (for example, scriptures). Also, the restricted interests of people with autistic disorders are experienced as uniquely preoccupying and meaningful, and often involve non-social topics. Hence, the combination of: 1) mentralizing deficits, and 2) nonsocial restricted interests would be predicted to affect the religious and/or spiritual understanding, interests, and sensibility of people with ASD. This article considers these possibilities and proposes that further research is necessary to understand how the cognitive style of people with ASDs affects their discernments of meaning and value in life.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus that can be used in the deposition process, such as a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) deposition of a metal nitride thin film. The passage of the first set may be introduced to the metal-containing precursor gas. The passage of the second set of the nitrogen-containing precursor can be provided a gas. Passage of the first passage and the second set of set of the metal-containing precursor gas and nitrogen - may be scattered to separate these gases until reaching the substrate containing the precursor gas. Maintain separation and an inert gas down through the passage of the first passage of the first set and the second of the first set to help limit the reaction at the or near the second set of channel passages and the second set It is to be able to flow, to prevent the unwanted deposition of that on the passage of the first passage of the first set and the second set.


Framing, ambiguity aversion, and the affect heuristic greatly influence decision-making under uncertainty. Framing is the expression of equivalent options in terms of gains or losses. The risk of options might be due to their associated ambiguity. The affect heuristic is an emotional response to stimuli such as words which leads to a perception of the risk of options. The role these concepts play in decision-making situations in mining is discussed. The affect heuristic seems to be significant to risk perception in mining but it is poorly understood, which has implications for risk management and communication in the mining industry.


In this paper, a direct current (DC) anti-bias burner has been numerically simulated. This kind burner is combination of bias block and elbow bend and its bias block is located behind the bend. Effects of the bias block's angle and location on coal distribution in the burner export are investigated. Euler-Lagrange approach is employed to study the gas-solid two-phase flow. The gas-phase is simulated using the RNG k-e model and solid-phase is modeled using the discrete phase model (DPM). The results show that, installing a bias block behind the elbow can achieve a uniform distribution in outlet and the high concentrations region non-adherent. Relative to the location, the bias block angle changes is the main reason of generating resistance. When α = 25° L = 150mm, the distribution of pulverized coal of the burner outlet is the most uniform and the resistance is not large, which could satisfy the good anti-bias effect and moderate resistance loss at the same time.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Abstract Synthetic methods, structural features, and exciting properties of some novel mono-, di- and polynuclear compounds with benzidine as ligands are described in this short review.


Information and communication technology that is growing rapidly can improve the company's ability to provide various information for corporate stakeholders, especially investors through the internet. Therefore, many companies use the internet as a medium for delivering information to the public, both financial and non-financial. This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, company size, liquidity, listing age and public ownership on the internet financial reporting. In this study, the population used is the property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2017. The analysis technique used in this study is the Regression Linear Analysis technique. The results of this study showed that the variable company size and liquidity effect on the internet financial reporting. While the variables of profitability, listing age and public ownership have no effect on the internet financial reporting.
Key words : Profitability, company size, liquidity, listing age, public ownership, internet financial reporting.


Second career preservice teachers' perceptions about the out-of-field teaching phenomenon might influence career decisions, such as retention and attrition. A target group of 133 second career graduating Master of Teaching students voluntarily participated in this mixed method study which offered findings through analysed open and Likert-scale questions and semi-structured interview data. The pilot offers new information about second career preservice teachers' perceptions about their possible involvement in out-of-field teaching practices and the phenomenon's implications for capabilities, skills knowledge, self-efficacy, support needs and professional identity. A critical reflection on quality teaching and teacher training programs, and preparation for the teaching profession form the foundation for further research in this field. The analyses further stimulate a deeper understanding of the future second career teaching workforce and perceptions of support resources.


Organizations have idiosyncratic norms and practices that govern the exercise of power. Newcomers learn these unwritten rules through organizational socialization. In organizations with dominant an...


Synthetic inhibitors of activated factor Xa prevent clot formation. To assess whether the factor-Xa inhibitor fondaparinux is as safe and effective as enoxaparin for patients with deep-vein thrombosis, these authors conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, manufacturer-supported trial. Because fondaparinux can be given once daily, its use would simplify DVT treatment.

Of 5141 consecutive adult patients with lower-extremity DVT, more than half were excluded for reasons including pulmonary …


Now the non-equilibrium MD simulations are frequently used to study the gas flow characteristic at nanoscale. In the non-equilibrium MD simulations, one force which is several magnitude orders larger than the actual force was added on all gas molecules. Its very necessary to study whether such large force added in non-equilibrium MD simulation will affect the simulation results. The present paper carried out the comparative studies on the simulation results of gas flow in nanopores by non-equilibrium and equilibrium MD. The gas number density profile and the gas molecular mean free path are studied in this paper, our simulation results indicate that both non-equilibrium and equilibrium MD produce no obvious difference on simulation results of the gas number density profile and the gas molecular mean free path. It could be concluded that even the force added on every gas molecules is very large in non-equilibrium MD simulation; the added force doesnt obviously affect the simulation results.


Summary Life Education is an essential component of lifelong education development , plays an important role in the development of society and the all-round development of students . student The basic connotations of education include life Cognition , Life time and life development education . The relationship between lifelong education and life education , from think want to lead , Organizational security, as well as curriculum and project implementation and other development dimensions to explore how life education better development of , describes life education hair Show dimensions and implications , This paper puts forward the methods and countermeasures of realizing the perfect life education concept in the context of lifelong education .


We have developed an ultra-thin micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror. The thickness of the device is 5.31 μm including Si structures and actuators. It was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator wafer on which Pt/SRO/PZT/SRO/Pt/Ti/SiO2 layers were deposited. It was easily bonded on a flexible polyimide substrate and wired using adhesive and conductive pastes, without changing the conventional fabrication and bonding technology. The ultra-thin MEMS mirror can be actuated on the flexible substrate. Specifically, it rotated 3.58 degrees with a 1-Vpp applied voltage at a resonant frequency of 10400 Hz.


Studies have been carried out to determine the synergistic effect of using combinations of disinfectants and silver nanoparticles. A significant increase in bactericidal concentration was revealed when combined with AgNPs against E. coli ATCC 25922 in Algavit 25 in 64 (from 200 to 3.12 μg / ml) and Dairy EcoGex in 66.6 (from 100 to 1.5 μg / ml ) times, respectively. When cultivating the E. coli isolate with Senso Dip 50, Ital Mast up blue, Algavit 25, Dairy EcoGex together with AgNPs, an 8-fold increase in bactericidal concentration was established.


AbstractRemoval of Rhodamine B (RhB) using graphite–graphite electro-Fenton (EF) system is investigated in the present study. The effect of various operational parameters on RhB removal was studied. Experimental results showed that RhB was removed completely by the reaction with generated from graphite cathode. The optimum applied voltage was determined as 8 V. Higher RhB removal efficiency values were obtained with rising electrode area and depth of electrode immersion. But, RhB removal was decreased with increase in RhB concentration. The optimal electrode spacing was obtained as 4 and 5 cm. At optimal conditions, 99.2% of RhB removal was obtained after 180 min of electrolysis. The present study shows that graphite–graphite EF system was an efficient tool for removing dyes from aqueous solutions.


The population of the city of Khanaqin, according to the United Nations Organization for the year (2003 AD), is approximately (170,400 people)([i]), Khanaqin is located within Diyala Governorate and includes the districts (Khanaqin Al Markaz, Jalawla, Al Saadiya), and the administrative division of the city of Khanaqin according to the classification of the Kurdistan government includes Sub-districts (Khanaqin, Qora To, Midan).


When asking what is meant by the universality of human dignity and how best to establish it generally, the question of substance simultaneously leads both to a question of methodology as well as to a question concerning the fundamental principles of (practical) philosophy. Providing philosophical foundations has always carried the special feature that those very convictions, including those remaining firmly unquestioned, will, for the most part, be put in doubt. Yet this also entails setting what is doubted into doubt. It is only in this twofold movement, rather than by way of a Euclidean demonstration in the Euclidean geometrical fashion, that philosophy has its inception. It does not achieve this perspective by means of a God's eye view but in that the thinker instead comes to reflect on him or herself. It is, as Plato observes in his Seventh Letter, apaideusia [bad manners] that is unable to distinguish between that for which one ought to require demonstrations and for which not. Inasmuch as the dynamic of this question remains within the horizon of a self-questioning, the gnothi seauton, the problem of human dignity is an exceptionally distinguished paradigm of such a dynamic. Even where focused on the universality of human dignity, it will not primarily seek its own unconditionality but much more attempt instead to secure those conditions needed to engage one another together in conversation and—above all—in understanding. In the process, it will also encounter the limits of foundational thinking, which are differently articulated under different conditions. Philosophical thinking is expressed and differentiated by limits and contradictions, as detailed in Hegel's methodological outline, according to which the fear of contradiction is itself already a contradiction. And such thinking does not ultimately overcome aporia: it knows the sharply limited range of that which is still not knowing, which, in addition to astonishment, is a basic condition for Platonic philosophical knowledge. When what is at stake is the universality of human dignity, this signifies that the situational invariant holds without exception or regard for person, indeed across all cultural differences as well. In this sense, as Robert Spaemann has observed, human dignity is the basic assumption that human beings have rights.1 It is thus not a right alongside other rights. And given such universality there can be no judge or arbitrator


Haemoglobin A1c is besides glucose the most requested analysis for diagnosing diabetes due to its ability to predict diseases that occur due a high blood sugar. The analysis has some limitations wh ...


First semester freshman engineering students taking the one-credit Introduction to Biological Systems Engineering (BSEN) and Agricultural Engineering (AGEN) 100 class at the University of Nebraska – Lincoln are assigned teams and the task of designing and testing a vehicle made entirely of edible food products. The task culminates in a graded poster presentation, competition, and the eating of the teams' cars on "E-Day," where freshmen, senior, graduate students, faculty, and alumni industry representatives participate in an open house at the end of the semester. Parents, high school students, and the community provide a diverse audience for the students and alumni. Networking is encouraged, and freshmen are required to visit at least three alumni, senior or graduate student displays. This paper focuses on the role of the Edible Car design competition in achieving the course objectives by uses team-based learning to engage the students in the engineering design process, and providing hands-on experience with problemsolving, biological materials, teamwork, communication, and professional ethics in an engineering setting.


We report on the Raman spectra of CdIn2Se4 and ZnIn2Se4 obtained in a transparency region. These spectra have a disordered-like appearance at high frequencies. A comparison is made with the Raman and IR spectra of the similar compounds CdGa2Se4 and ZnGa2Se4. The overall vibrational behaviour is mainly determined by the anion and a correspondence may be observed between the frequencies of some high energy polar modes. A strong non-polar breathing mode is observed at nearly the same frequency in all these compounds. The observed similarities between the spectra are discussed within the frame of the existing simplified models.


Among the many buzzwords of today's media studies, communication for development and even parts of education studies, is participatory communication (see e.g. Waisboard in Hemer and Tufte, 2005), a strand of thinking and practice that evolves from the legacy of Paulo Freire –and a form of educational communication and practice that works as coinvestigation, an acting upon own ideas through group interaction and dialogue rather than a consumption or reception of other people's ideas (Freire, 1970). The thinking that people are not just deposits, but rooted in spatial-temporal situations and engaged in a more or less horizontal learning leap towards a new awareness or consciousness, is central to participatory communication (Freire, 1970, here using Goldman, 1970). All communication could be said to involve participation –however, here we are talking about particular forms of interaction and engagement. The attempts toward definition presented above can be complicated further when exploring degrees of empowerment of speakers/participants and mutual or unequal development and change among participants. Other forms of participatory communication, where difference and hierarchy are recognized, have been explored by e.g. Vygotsky (1978) and Lave and Wenger (1991).


Accordance with characteristics of deep burial gas reservoir, high temperature, most wells at mining with water stage, different wellhead pressure, small drainage amount and high condensate yield of Su 1 buried hill, optimal selection of gas lift as leading drainage gas recovery technology of recovering production of gas well, choice of open and positive gas lift mode of continuous gas lift technology , use of gas lift technology compressor, unbalanced corrugated pipe casing pressure control bias gas lift valve, 73 mm thickening working barrel and 60.3 mm flat working barrel, gas recovery and transmission equipment and water treatment, and adjustment of optimization of pipe string combination of gas injection technology and optimization of gas injection parameter are done. Since 2000, the said technology has been implemented in 5 wells of Su-1 buried-hill, resulting in production up to 1323 t, natural gas yield increasing by 2345.75×104 m3, oil increasing 1323 t, liquid drainage accumulated to 2.794×104 m3 and saving amount of gas injection accumulated to 336.1×104 m3 of 5 wells. Implementation of technology for drainage and gas recovery of gas lift effectively ensures gas production ability of gas reservoir improves gas recovery rate of gas reservoir.


Titanium and stainless steel are examples of biomaterials widely used in dental and orthopedic implants owing to their properties of good corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility. This paper reports on a study of the biomimetic method applied to titanium (cp-Ti) and 316L stainless steel. The method consists in immersing the metal substrate in a synthetic solution of SBF (simulated body fluid) whose composition, pH and temperature resemble those of human blood plasma. The coating on the two metals was effective for obtaining hydroxyapatite, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).


Controllable and uncontrollable elevator electric drives developed by Elektroprivod Joint Stock Company and currently in use for buildings with up to 40 floors at speeds of up to 1.6 m/sec. An autonomous dispatcher monitoring system transmitting information on the malfunctioning of particular elevator components is considered. Recommendations for the further development of elevator drives and control systems are presented.


ABSTRACT With the existing reduction of the vegetation cover of the Cerrado, several tree species have their areas of occurrence diminished, and as a consequence, they lose part of their genetic diversity. To counter this scenario it is necessary to know the genetic diversity in order to base projects and practical conservation measures. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the genetic variability of Annona crassiflora by means of morphometric data of fruits and seeds in four populations in central Brazil. In total, 152 fruits were obtained from 73 matrices, of which the height, diameter, fruit mass, mass of 100 seeds and number of seeds per fruit were measured. The fruits were stripped and the seed removed to measure their height, width and thickness. The hierarchical cluster study showed the grouping of 11 small groups and two large groups, and in these two large groups there are representatives of the four populations sampled. This shows that there is no specific division of populations, indicating high genetic variability. The fruits of the Buritis population were, as a rule, significantly larger than those of other populations, which may indicate genetic distancing or different environmental conditions of pollination and dispersion. This pattern was not observed in the seed size analysis, although there was a statistical difference between the populations. In general, the largest dimensions were found in the populations of Planaltina and Buritis. Therefore, the analyzes indicate high genetic diversity and fruits/seeds with larger dimensions in the best-preserved state.


An example of mathematical-model based control is presented, in which a mathematical model for the behavior of a low-speed wind tunnel is used to determine the control inputs necessary to control the test-section temperature during rapid changes in test windspeed. Development of the mathematical model from basic fluid-mechanic equations is shown, as well as the experimental measurements that were performed to determine the values of various model parameters that produce a high-fidelity simulation of the behavior of the actual wind tunnel. The results show that the mathematical model, when properly benchmarked against the actual wind-tunnel performance, can be used for accurate feedforward control of the wind-tunnel temperature, even without a complementing PID loop to reduce residual error.


Project Goals: This project addresses the structure and function of microbial communities active in methane consumption, using lake sediment as a model. Through manipulations of synthetic communities and systems biology approaches, we are striving to understand the molecular mechanisms that form a basis for specific interspecies interactions in microbial oxidation of methane. In this phase of the project our goals were: 1) Evaluate behavior of model synthetic communities comprised of major functional guilds defined in prior research, and assess performance of these communities; 2) Evaluate the functions and the regulation of the alternative methanol dehydrogenases, previously identified as the crosstalk points among keystone species in methane-utilizing communities; 3) Obtain enzymelevel insights into lanthanide-dependent methanol oxidation systems in these keystone species.


Prion diseases, or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are fatal neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and other mammals, caused when the alpha‐helix rich prion protein (PrPC) misfolds and converts into a beta‐sheet rich insoluble conformer (PrPSc), which aggregates into toxic amyloid structures. The toxic protein misfolding spreads through a "prion‐only" mechanism in which the diseased PrPSc promotes the misfolding of PrPC. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by intraneuronal misfolded‐protein aggregates (Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites). Recent research suggests that α‐synuclein may contribute to the pathology of Parkinson's disease in a prion‐like fashion when a misfolded version of α‐synuclein acts as a template for the misfolding of healthy α‐synuclein, resulting in pathological aggregation. Both prion diseases and Parkinson's disease cannot be cured and are ultimately fatal. Further exploring the structure‐function relationships in these proteins and how they drive the pathologies of prion diseases and Parkinson's disease will better our understanding of these diseases. The Minnetonka MSOE Center for BioMolecular Modeling SMART Team used 3D modeling and printing technology to examine the structural similarities and differences of α‐synuclein and the prion protein to further elucidate the mechanisms of pathological protein misfolding.


Recently while working on a synthetic program related to the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium, we had an occasion to synthesize 2,6-dichlorodiphenylamine 2 from 2,6-dichlorophenoxyacetanilide 1, by heating the alcoholic solution of the latter with sodium methoxide • The reaction gave almost quantitative yield of the diphenylamine and appeared fascinating from the synthetic point of view. In particular we became interested in seeing the effect of base on amides such as 5, which are derived from a-acetyl aniline. The literature tells us that amides of this type undergo cyclization to 4-alkyl or aryl derivatives of quinolines, when treated with base·. Accordingly , our reaction would furnish 4-methyl-3-phenoxy/thiophenoxy-2(11/)-quinolinones and thus provide an easy and direct access to these hitherto unreported compounds. In addition, certain quinoline derivatives have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities. Therefore, we thought it worthwhile to synthesizing these new chemical entities; for they might lead to compounds having useful biological properties. The sequence of reactions carried out with this end in view is indicated in Scheme I. Reaction of 2-aminoacetophenone with chloroacetylchloride afforded N-chloroacetyl-2-acetyl aniline 3. This compound upon treatment with various phenols 4 (X=O) in presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate, dry acetone and KI , formed N-(2-acetylpheny l) phenoxyacetamides 5 a-g (Table 1), and these furnished the desired 3-(substituted) phenoxy-4-


India is an agrarian economy. Obviously, exploiting the agrarian base for industrial purposes should be easier for a country whose people are past masters in the art and science of farming. In the circumstances, the agro-based industries that the country nurtures and the value the industries add to the agricultural / farm produce by resorting to more productive economic activities like food-processing become relevant. Hence the status of the agro-based industries in the country needs to be examined.  Further, the factor that shuffles the growth of the food-processing industry that has been its beginning in the agro-based industries must be identified in order to address the problems. The scholar's interaction with two major stakeholders, specifically, agriculturists and food-processors, has convinced the researcher that the country should fully secure internal supply of heavily consumed commodities like pulses and rice since there are no major producers of these items elsewhere in the world.  The stakeholders believe that the government as healthy at the same time as the industry should have taken up the promotion of value addition more seriously. It is unlucky that the government is yet to completely do away with the declining, ancient and different regulations like the APMC laws, to accelerate the growth of the agro-based industry in general and the food-processing industry.  Focus on virgin areas like corn processing, baby food and blended oil is wanting too.  Promotion of secondary allied agricultural activities like poultry, beekeeping and fisheries is yet to be stepped up in right grave.


The two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) was a technique with sub-ns precision of time comparison between long-baseline laboratories. The precision was limited by the diurnal effect. To mitigate the effect, we designed a TWSTFT receiver and evaluated it by measuring the time difference of arrival (TDOA) in this paper. We found the TDOA of the proposed receiver had less daily variation than that of conventional receivers. Therefore, it is possible that the receiver design would be an important source of the diurnal effect on TWSTFT.


Several range reencoding schemes have been proposed to mitigate the effect of range expansion and the limitations of small capacity, large power consumption, and high heat generation of TCAM-based packet classification systems. However, they all disregard the semantics of classifiers and therefore miss significant opportunities for space compression.
 In this paper, we propose new approaches to range reencoding by taking into account classifier semantics. Fundamentally different from prior work, we view reencoding as a topological transformation process from one colored hyperrectangle to another where the color is the decision associated with a given packet. We present two orthogonal, yet composable, reencoding approaches, domain compression and prefix alignment. Our techniques significantly outperform all previous reencoding techniques. In comparison with the state-of-the-art results, our experimental results show that our techniques achieve at least 7 times more space reduction in terms of TCAM space for an encoded classifier and at least 3 times more space reduction in terms of TCAM space for a reencoded classifier and its transformers.


Experimental and numerical simulation study on NO_x release from superfine pulverized coal combustion and the effect factors such as particle size, temperature, stoichiometric ratio, coal sort have been done. Results show that the NO_x release concentration of superfine pulverized coal deceases compare with the normal pulverized coal size; NO_x emissions increase obviously with stoichiometric ratio increasing; .NO_x release behavior is different for different type coal, the quantity of NO_x release from superfine pulverized coal deceased obviously for longkou lignite, but deceased appreciably for jincheng anthracite; as the temperature in furnace increasing, NO_x emissions increase, but when the temperature increased to some extent, NO_x emissions reduces with the temperature increases. So that, if superfine pulverized coal as reburing fuel, the reduction efficiency of NO_x will higher than normal pulverized coal as reburing fuel, especial for longkou lignite. Overall reasonable agreement between the simulating and experimental results for NO_x release behavior is obtained. Figs 6, tables 2 and refs 2.


We report a theoretical simulation of the barocaloric effect in spin crossover systems starting from a model Hamiltonian, which includes the crystalline electrical field, elastic, and phonon interactions. A systematic study, through the model parameters, allowed the construction of phase diagrams, and the contributions of configurational, magnetic, and phonon entropies for the barocaloric effect were investigated. The majority contribution comes from the phonons (about 76%, in our simulation), which were associated with the large cell volume change during the low-spin-(SL) ↔ high-spin-(HS) phase transition. Besides, the refrigerant capacity due to the barocaloric effect was discussed in the first- and second-order (LS) ↔ (HS) phase transition regimes. We find out that when hysteresis increases, with an increase in pressure, a higher barocaloric effect can be obtained.


Although I had been informed of the magnificent weather and ocean view of San Diego, I was still enchanted by its cool ocean breeze while enjoying a wonderful Italian dinner in Little Italy. I knew many more surprises were to come as soon as SIGGRAPH 2007 started on Sunday, August 5th, at the San Diego Convention Center


The prediction of neck metastasis from oral squamous cell carcinoma is an unresolved issue. The Martínez‐Gimeno Scoring System (MGSS) is an index designed as a predictive aid that may be implemented after analysis of the tumor resection.


Parking is defined as a condition when a vehicle is temporary stored In big cities, where parking space become more limited In most of conventional parking system, driver enter parking area, search available parking space and park. Finding one available parking space can be frustrating, particularly during rush hour or weekend, since the driver did not know the exact available space. Some parking service provider count their available space and display it at the entry gate, but this system cannot detect vehicle that already leave the parking space until they reach the exit gate. With the system proposed, driver can reserve a parking space. When the vehicle arrives, sensor detects the vehicle and set the status to be occupied Sensor can also detect when the vehicle leave the space so the space can be reserved for another vehicle. For the system proposed, four sensors are tested with three different positions. Sensor placement. Sensor proposed must be cheap, reliable, and require minimal maintenance.


Sir, I avail myself of the permission you gave me, when I had the honour to meet you yesterday in the Drawing-room, by sending you the following short account, which was transmitted to me by Mr. Canzler, one of the Elector's Librarians, dated Dresden the 10th of October. Palitch, a farmer of Prolitz, a village in the neighbourhood of that Residence, saw the greatest observation of Algol on the 12th September, at eight o'clock, P.M.


This study aimed to investigate the effect of affective support perceived by students on adaptive support in mathematics lessons and to examine both forms of support in terms of some variables. The correlational research method was used in this study. The study was conducted with secondary school students. Two scales measuring the perception of adaptive support and affective support were used. The relationship between students' perceptions of support was explained with a structural equation model. According to the results obtained, affective support has a significant relationship with adaptive support. In addition, it was determined that students' perceptions of adaptive support were independent of gender variable. In terms of grade level, it was observed that students in higher grades perceived that the teacher provided less adaptive support to students. There was a significant difference in perceived affective support based on both the gender and grade level of the students.


Objective:Comparative study of CT finding from different causes of femoral head ischemic necrosis.Methods:Collection after clinical phantom study inspection confirmation 60 femoral head ischemia necrosis's thurl,sixty cases of ischemic necrosis of femoral head confirmed from CT scanning were divides into 4 groups according its nature,alcoholic,the hormonal,and the femoral neck fracture.Displayed by stages CT scan informations from the 4 groups were undergoing comparative analysis.Results:The CT images of avascular necrosis of femoral head at different stages and of different groups showed no obvious difference.Conclusion:The ischemic necrosis of femoral head in the 4 groups showed the same findings from CT scanning.


For the past century Niagara Falls has been considered a time measurer, but its greatest interest has risen since the growth of our knowledge of the Ice Age on account of the expectation that in some way it can be made to tell something of the date of that period and indirectly of the advent of man, or his restrictions on account of the glacial conditions. The paper of which this is an abstract was primarily a physical study, setting forth the changing episodes in the history of the falls, and computing the age of the river, but leaving to others the application of the results in the question of early man. The method of determiningg the age of the falls is the application of the mechanics of the river to the various conditions during the changing episodes of its history, in a large measure discovered by the author during the last fifteen years. The investigation differs from those of other writers who have simply divided the length of the chasm, excavated by the retreating falls, by the imagined or measured rate of the recession of the cataract. At a glance, even the most superficial reader can understand that if the height of the cataract be first reduced to one-half, and then again doubled, or if the volume of the river be reduced to one-fourth, such variations are bound to produce as great changes in the rate of recession as are indicated by the mechanical laws; and that if the conditions have not always remained constant, then the present rate of retreat has not always obtained-sometimes slower and sometimes faster. It is this question that the paper considers for the first time. In the much written, but, until recently almost unknown, history of Niagara River, we find that an approximately correct estimate of the age of the falls was made half a century ago by Lyell, upon a conjecture of the rate of re-


Background and objective The aim of the present study was to determine the dosage of remifentanil that must be added to thiopental 5 mg kg−1 to provide excellent intubating conditions in 95% of patients. Methods Sixty-eight premedicated female American Society of Anesthesiologists class 1 and 2 patients were randomly allocated to four remifentanil dose groups (3, 4, 5 or 6 μg kg−1). Induction of anaesthesia was performed with a blinded dose of remifentanil infused over 60 s, simultaneously coadministered with thiopental 5 mg kg−1 infused over 20 s; and tracheal intubation was attempted 150 s after the beginning of induction. The intubating conditions were assessed with the Copenhagen score, according to jaw relaxation, resistance to laryngoscope, vocal cord position and movements and reaction to cuff inflation. A probit analysis was performed to calculate the intubating efficient doses (IEDs) of remifentanil in 50 and 95% of patients (IED50 and IED95). Haemodynamic tolerance was also analysed. Results The IED95 of remifentanil was 7.8 μg kg−1 (95% confidence interval 5.9–10.9). Although the maximum decrease in heart rate and mean arterial pressure was less than 30% during induction of anaesthesia, the haemodynamic tolerance of such a relaxant-free protocol for anaesthesia providing excellent intubating conditions in 95% of patients when using remifentanil and thiopental could not be assessed, as the IED95 of remifentanil was more than 6 μg kg−1. Conclusion The dosage of remifentanil providing excellent intubating conditions in 95% of patients when coadministered with thiopental 5 mg kg−1 in healthy premedicated female patients undergoing elective surgery was more than 7 μg kg−1. Our results question the feasibility of using thiopental for a relaxant-free protocol for anaesthesia.


The aim of this study is to examine the influence of the recent economic crisis on the quality of long-term care for older people in Belgium and the Netherlands. A mixed-method approach was applied, primarily focused on conducting semi-structured qualitative interviews with health professionals working in a management role in organizations providing long-term care for older people. The results show that Dutch organizations seem to be prepared for the influences of the economic crisis on the quality of its care provision primarily in terms of a sound system readiness. At the same time, Belgian organizations seem to be prepared for the influences of the economic crisis on the quality of its care provision primarily in terms of a favorable sociopolitical context. Comparing two countries allows for reciprocal lesson-drawing. The conclusion drawn in this study is that a sustainable long-term care system requires above all stability and structure.


Preface Part I. Beginnings: 1.1 The study of Montanism 1.2 The geography of the Prophecy: Ardabau, Pepuza and Tymion 1.3 The date of the Prophecy Part II. The New Prophecy to Hippolytus and Tertullian: 2.1 The Prophecy in Asia Minor and beyond 2.2 The Prophecy in Rome 2.3 Africa and Tertullian Part III. The Teachings of the Early Prophecy: 3.1 Montanus: the man and the oracles 3.2 Prophecy and ecstasy 3.3 Eschatology 3.4 Fasting and feasting in the prophecy 3.5 Fornication, celibacy and marriage 3.6 Forgiveness 3.7 Observations on Montanist discipline 3.8 Confession and martyrdom 3.9 The controversy about Scripture and revelation 3.10 What was the New Prophecy? Part IV. Montanism and Women: 4.1 The first women Prophets 4.2 Priscillianism or Montanism: who founded and led the New Prophecy? 4.3 The oracles and visions of Priscilla, Maximilla and Quintilla 4.4 Ongoing female prophecy and witness 4.5 Ideal woman, ideal martyr 4.6 The clericalisation of the women 4.7 Comment on Montanism and women Part V. The Fate of Montanism: 5.1 Later Montanism: ecclesiology and epigraphy 5.2 Montanism and the heresies 5.3 The destruction of Montanism Notes Select bibliography Indexes: Scholars' names Subjects, ancient names and places.


Abstract Spatterdock (Nuphar advena Ait.) is an objectionable weed in southern ponds where its emergent leaves form a dense vegetation in which it is difficult or impossible to fish. Experiments dealing with the control of this plant were conducted in a pond in Central Alabama during the spring and summer, 1940. The results of these experiments are summarized briefly as follows: (1) Spatterdock was effectively controlled by cutting the leaves five times (May 15, June 4, June 21, July 2, and July 24). (2). Four cuttings (June 4, June 21, July 2, and July 24) effectively controlled the plant when commercial fertilizer was applied on the first cutting date. (3). Effective control was obtained by pulling the rootstocks on May 15, and allowing the plants to remain in the pond. (4). Death and decay of the rootstocks of spatterdock began toward the base and progressed to the apex. (5). Sprays consisting of mixtures of creosote and fuel oil, and sodium chlorate and sodium arsenite killed the leaves of spatterdock...


To meet the designning requirements of the management information system for comprehensive evaluation of enterprise employees,a new data mining method is designed based on radial basis neural network RBF.This paper focuses on the construction of the mining method and its application in the evaluation of management information system for the staff.In the data mining method,a formation evaluation data mining database is Abstracted from the staff first data warehouse,and RBF Neural network is used in data mining method for a large number of staff useful information.The employee evaluation of segmentation is realized,and it provides strong support for enterprise management decision.Practice shows that the new data mining method is scientific and effective.


Ultra high pressure air compressor for special ships, including submarines needs to be developed to reduce the weight and volume. Related with the components of new type compressor, it is necessary to develop the shell and tube type heat exchanger(HX) for cooling compressor oil. For the shell and tube type HX without baffle, by utilizing commercial software ANSYS Fluent, we could verify that the experimental results were relatively well predicted comparing with the CFD results. Furthermore, the cooling performances were calculated for the shell and tube type HX with some cases of baffle numbers and area. The cooling performance of the HX with baffle was higher than that of the HX without baffle. But the effect of baffle numbers was minor. And the cooling performance increases with larger baffle area. But the pressure drop of cooling water increases with increase of baffle numbers and area. From the results of case study, the optimum baffle numbers and area for the high cooling performance could be suggested.


Although distance education, education in which students and teachers are separated by distance and some type of technology is used, has existed for many years, technology and the Internet have revolutionized online distance education as we know it today. In fact, the online learning market, the largest segment of distance learning, is growing 40% annually with 350,000 students, or 2% of the total higher education enrollments in the United States. 29 Picciano estimated that nearly 2 million students are enrolled in post-secondary courses that are delivered totally online, while millions of other students at participate in online, hybrid, mixed mode, and Web-enhanced face-to-face courses. 28 As the sheer number of online classes has impacted higher education, both faculty and students have been impacted as well. Although teaching is an art, not a science, many of the professoriate have never been schooled in pedagogy at all and so often merely model what they experienced in their own undergraduate and graduate education. The traditional method of teaching, of presenting "knowledge" to college students, the lecture, has become outmoded and ineffective in both the actual classroom and in the virtual classroom. While referring to pre-college pedagogy, Arthur Levine recently proclaimed in the report "Educating School Teachers" that "Teacher education right now is in the Dodge City of education, unruly and chaotic." 12 Realistically, however, specific preparation in learning how to teach at post-secondary levels often does not even exist in a "Dodge City" but might be found, if at all, in the desert surrounding the city. What we need to do is to adapt our pedagogy to today's rapidly evolving technology and our 21 st century students who are most probably more comfortable in our new techno-society than their professors. In their 1991 research review on how students learn and teachers teach, Chickering and Gamson identified seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. 6 All of the principles are as relevant today in online classrooms using today's technology as in onsite classrooms. The opportunity, though, to impact our students more individually and deeply can be enhanced by technology. As Chickering and Ehrmann have noted, faculty members "need to be toughminded about the softwareand technology-assisted interactions they create and buy into. They need to eschew materials that are simply didactic, and search instead for those that are nteractive, problem-oriented, relevant to real-world issues, and that evoke student motivation." 5 Without question, asynchronous teaching and learning alter the way faculty must consider and design instruction. This session will examine threaded discussions in a variety of online courses to identify not only best practices to elicit thoughtful and engaged student participation but also practices which may no longer be relevant to online communication. The classes represented are those in Critical Thinking, Environmental and Integrated Science as well as new faculty and student online orientation sessions. Three faculty, two of whom are also administrators, will share their findings and recommendations to create stronger online learning communities through asynchronous discussion. Distance Education Background Many of today's higher education institutions have classified themselves as "distance-learning" institutions, offering either online, contract, or correspondence formats. Distance education involves the delivery of instructional content where the faculty and the student are not in the same geographic location and where the faculty and the student may or may not be working simultaneously on the same activities. 19 These types of interactivity are commonly known as synchronous (real-time) and asynchronous (conducted at different time) learning technology. The concept of "elearning" involves both synchronous and asynchronous modes and is often used to describe many strategies for delivering informational content via electronic media. These include satellite broadcast, audio and videotape, interactive TV, and CD-ROM or DVDROM. Prior to the personal computer and the Internet, distance learning, formerly known as correspondence courses, was conducted asynchronously via written lessons and videotaped lectures delivered through the postal services. 21 Where did it all start? According to Freed, "telecourses" emerged between 1970 and 1972 as a result of project efforts led by Dr. Bernard Luskin, then Vice Chancellor of Coast Community College in California. 13 Luskin and his task force defined a telecourse as a complete course of study about a given subject where provisions were made of student questions, grading, reporting, etc. Luskin applied a simple business model to the process whereby colleges and universities could use a telecourse and pay a license or distribution fee. By 1976, with grants from the Kellogg Company and other corporations, Coastline Community College was formed as the first "virtual" college, with over 18,000 students. At the same time, Dallas Community College initiated the use of "video on demand" courses or the first asynchronous courses. The Coast (or California) model spread across the United States in the 1980s and with each institution, variations on the theme as telecourse demands grew. Distance learning success in Europe, namely the British Open University, the University College of Dublin, and state ETV efforts in Sweden inspired distance learning efforts made by institutions in the U.S. 13 The introduction of the personal computer into mainstream society in the 1980s revolutionized the way compiled data and information and the Internet further impacted our lives by altering the way we transfer this information. The Internet, as a means of distributing education, is continuing to grow rapidly. 10 Some traditional institutions now offer online courses to augment their typical offerings and some have employed a "hybrid" or "blended" model, a mix of the "old" and "new" formats. 41 The adult learner has become the majority class of post-secondary students. 31 Williams cited that nearly 250,000 of the 387,000 students in the California State University system are over 21 years of age and less than one in five college students today is a traditional 18to 22-year-old undergraduate student living on campus. 39 Curry cited that the number of individuals seeking higher education worldwide has grown from 13 million in 1960 to 65 million in 1991 and that number may reach 130 million by 2010. 9 In the United States alone, the number of individuals seeking higher education is expected to rise to 16.1 million by 2007. 33 The demand for distance, continuing, and online education continues to grow worldwide. 31 Students with families and/or full-time jobs are being drawn to distance learning programs and both full and part-time students are taking distance learning courses to supplement their in-class schedules and limit their amount of time on campus. 4 The online learning market, the largest segment of distance learning, is growing 40% annually with 350,000 students, or 2% of the total higher education enrollments in the United States. 29 Uskov estimated that more than 5 million students at colleges and universities in the United States took academic courses online by the end of 2003. 34 According to Ryan, "There continues to be a tremendous growth in distance learning programs offered by colleges and universities." 30 Public and private higher education institutions have either already implemented online education programs or revised their distance learning platforms to accommodate an upsurge in the numbers of adult higher education learners. Although online instruction is gaining popularity, it is not free from criticism. 17 While institutions are expanding both their degree programs and course delivery options, this expansion presents a unique dilemma for both learners and faculty. How can higher education adapt to this new learning platform and develop appropriate pedagogies to provide its students with the best educational practices and highest chance of academic success? Pedagogy: Onsite and Online Today's college communities and campuses are expanding beyond geographic addresses to virtual addresses. We are in transition and are communicating beyond a face-to-face format to a computer-to-computer connection. According to Palloff & Pratt, "No longer is there a necessity for courses to be place-or time-based." 27 The online course has arrived, is established, and is expanding. Technology today is evolving at such a rapid pace that many of us may find it difficult to keep pace with the change. Not only is technology impacting how we teach, technology is altering our students as well as ourselves. As Palloff & Pratt observed, "The ability...to remain flexible and open, and to relinquish control are characteristics that make not only for successful instructors in this medium but for successful learners as well." 27 Sharing responsibility for the class experience seems to be an integral part of online success. In spite of the substantial change and potential facing us, however, what were sound pedagogical practices in the 20 th century still serve as guidelines in the 21 st century. After examining research on college and university teaching and learning, Chickering and Gamson identified seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education: student-faculty contact, cooperation among students, active learning, prompt feedback, emphasis of time on task, communication of high expectations, and respect for diversity and methods of learning. 6 Whether in-person or online, these principles still provide the lens through which we need to filter our teaching. What, however, has changed is our role in the classroom –be it virtual or not. It is imperative that we focus on the principles as we find ourselves moving from the role of "sage on stage" to on


The present overview of alkane functionalization reactions presents comparisons between radical and metal-initiated (sometimes metal-catalyzed) methodologies. While metal-catalyzed processes are excellent approaches to this problem, metal-free alternatives are equally if not, at least from an environmental and cost perspective, more useful. This conclusion is supported by the fact that many so-called metal-catalyzed reactions also work without the metal present, and the large variety of metals showing the same product distributions emphasizes that the metal often just aids in the generation of the active species, i.e., the metal itself is not participating in the crucial CH activation step. Highly selective alkane functionalization reactions such as those derived from nitroxyl and related radicals as well as through radical reactions conducted in phase-transfer catalyzed systems are available but generally underutilized. These systems, in contrast to typical metal-catalyzed approaches, are also applicable to highly strained alkanes and offer the highest 3°/2° CH selectivities reported to date in a radical reaction. The article closes with representative experimental protocols for the PTC bromination of cubane as an example of the applicability of this method to strained hydrocarbons and the direct iodination of cyclohexane as well as adamantane as typical alkanes bearing secondary and tertiary CH bonds.


Biochar addition to soil has increasingly demonstrated the potential to improve soil and mitigate climate change. However, the effects of biochar additions for sloping cropland amendments and soil erosion remain unclear. In this study, experiments with simulated rainfall (25, 50, 75, and 100 mm hr‐1) were conducted on a soil box (0.45‐m length × 0.3‐m width) to assess the effects of different biochar addition rates (2%, 5%, and 8% [wt/wt]) and incubation time (i.e., 140 days) on runoff, soil loss, and interrill erodibility. The soil and biochar were loess‐derived Miami soil and commercial charcoal made from seasoned oak and hickory hardwoods, respectively. Compared with the control soil, biochar addition decreased the total runoff by 2.4–10.8% (p > 0.05) and significantly increased the total soil loss and interrill erodibility (p < .05) by 20.8–50.8% and 20.4–29.2%, respectively. The changes in runoff, soil loss, and interrill erodibility were ruleless with an increase in the rate of biochar addition from 2% to 8%. The differences in runoff, soil loss, and interrill erodibility were nonsignificant among most biochar‐added treatments. After a 140‐day incubation period, total runoff and soil loss increased by 1.5–6.2% and 5.7–10.3%, respectively, and interrill erodibility increased for the 2% biochar addition and decreased for the 5% and 8% biochar additions. However, nonsignificant differences in runoff, soil loss, and interrill erodibility were observed before and after incubation. Our results implied that biochar addition to soil could increase the risk of erosion on sloping croplands, and thus, one should exercise caution when amending soil with biochar on sloping croplands.


*† ‡ Development of reliable and robust breakthrough space exploration technologies and the advancement of existing or new technologies is dependent on proper testing to validate the most promising concepts. The space program has proven countless times in the past halfcentury that testing in the same environment as the people and hardware are going to experience is critical to the success of the program. The International Space Station with the Centrifuge Rotor (CR) provides a unique environment where long-duration testing in lunar and Martian gravity is possible. A long-duration, reduced gravity test facility is crucial to supporting investigation related to fluids, life sciences mechanisms, advanced life support, in situ resource utilization (ISRU), or chemical and biological testing. A host system (Plant Research Unit) has already been through a NASA preliminary design review that is easily modifiable to accommodate this long-duration, variable gravity testing and validation. The large internal volume (2,000 – 3,000 cu in) allows a subpayload to be easily inserted while the experiment enclosure meets the vast majority of the ISS interface requirements. This test facility can significantly reduce the costs and risks inherent to such testing and enable appropriate gravity-relevant verification and validation testing to greatly reduce and mitigate Exploration Mission risk.


Detection of changes in remotely sensed digital images acquired on different dates are commonly highly influenced by radiometric differences and registration problems. Using fraction images obtained from the linear model of spectral mixing, the radiometric problems can be minimized and interpretation of changes in land cover is simplified. This note explores an algorithm for detecting changes between fraction images, which provides a probabilistic threshold, from which pixels that have undergone change can be identified and classified. The technique requires multivariate normality for the differences of fractions and is based on the fact that the contours of constant density are defined by χ2 values, according the choice of probability level. To include spatial information, morphological operations were performed on the binary images created by the algorithm. Results obtained using synthetic images with high noise levels showed kappa values above 0.87 and a detection rate of approximately 80%, when a low level of significance and morphological filters were used. The experiment using a real pair of images (Landsat-TM), in turn, has successfully identified mining areas and deforestation regions.


A 12-year-old girl, a known patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus, presented to our paediatric assessment unit with short history of vomiting. She was tachycardic, tachypnoeic and normotensive (117/71) on admission. Her blood sugar was high (26.7 mmol/L) with raised blood ketones and her venous blood gas showed metabolic acidosis with high base deficit confirming DKA. HbA1C was very high (99 mmol/mol). The management of DKA was initiated using the Southwest regional paediatric DKA protocol. Due to significant respiratory distress she underwent a chest radiograph, which revealed pneumomediastinum with no pneumothorax (figure 1). Clinical examination showed no evidence of subcutaneous emphysema and her breathing improved after correction of acidosis. The patient was observed closely and was kept nil by mouth. Repeat chest radiograph after 8 hours (figure 2) showed spontaneous resolution of mediastinal emphysema.


Land reforms are again high on the international policy agenda as can be seen from the establishment of the Commission for Legal Empowerment of the Poor the increasing number of land reform programs funded by the World Bank in recent years and the establishment of the Global Network for Pro Poor Land Tools (GLTN). Among these tools are land registration and certification wherein husbands and wives are given joint titles to their land. Land certification has been implemented in Ethiopia since 1998 and over 5 million certificates have been delivered. This is the largest delivery of non-freehold rights in such a short time period in Sub Saharan Africa. The new federal and regional land proclamations that form the basis for this land reform aim to increase tenure security and strengthen womens rights to land as to ensure more sustainable use of land resources. This particular study in the Oromiya region (OR) and the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia aims to assess the early impacts of land registration and certification that has been implemented there since 2004. Special emphasis is placed on the impacts of the reform on women including the impacts of joint certification for husbands and wives. (excerpt)


The article discusses experimental discoveries recently made at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and not received an explanation in the Standard Model. The recognition of the polarization of quantum vacuum (dark matter) under the action of ultra relativistic protons and superpower magnetic and electric fields distorts the spatial patterns in the LHC and allows us to state the presence of the third channel of proton interaction in the LHC, in addition to their mutual


This paper is to approach the building of Christian worldview by considering worldview concerning teaching English in church school. In Korea, English is generally located in a major position of education, politic, economy, society, culture, etc. Hence, most of people spend a lot of time and money on teaching English, so does teaching English in church school. Although church school has been invigorating teaching English in positive effects such as training for international leaders, its negative influences through the inflow of the secular worldviews (cosmopolitanism, capitalism, the pursuit of power, pragmatism, etc. in globalization) have to carefully deserve consideration. Language is God`s gift and the tool for the transmission of Gospel. Therefore, English as an international language must be a missionary means for the cross cultural mission. Teaching English in Christian education ought to consist of christian worldview, and church school should take its responsibility. In particular, teaching English in church school need to present the proper purpose and methods of teaching English and practice them in christian worldview. The goal of teaching in Christian education is education in faith and mission, and for this English must be used. In flooding of teaching English, English as a missionary tool has to be managed with christian worldview, and this is the needs of the times for the right church education.


The processing of potatoes to semi and complete convenience products begins in the raw condition with mechanical peeling. According to [1] and own-research this produces up to 50 % peel waste. Utilisation of this material with its main ingredient starch was the main aim of a research project. Requirements achieved so that the waste could be used in the paper industry were homogenising and dewatering. The technical and procedural solutions required are presented here.


This paper presents a generalized, multibody dynamics model for a tracked vehicle equipped with a towing winch and control strategies that enhance vehicle mobility by regulating track slip based on real-time terrain characterization and automating winch use. The vehicle model is validated under conditions where no action is taken by the winch. Thereafter, two mobility enhancing control strategies are outlined. The first strategy regulates track slip to a real-time estimated value that generates maximum net traction. This is done by computing state-force estimates from a Kalman filter that are compared to terrain traction models using a Bayesian hypothesis selection approach. If the vehicle is traction limited and the first strategy fails, a second strategy that automates winch use is activated. Simulation results are shown for both scenarios.


Approximately fifty percent of the potable water supplied to the Russian cosmonauts, American astronauts, and other occupants of the current Russian Mir Space Station is produced by the direct recycle of water from humidity condensate. The remainder comes from ground supplied potable water that is delivered on a Progress resupply spacecraft, or processed fuel cell water transferred from the Shuttle. Reclamation of water for potable and hygiene purposes is considered essential for extended duration missions in order to avoid massive costs associated with resupplying water from the ground. The Joint U.S/Russian Phase 1 program provided the U.S. the first opportunity to evaluate the performance of water reclamation hardware in microgravity. During the Phase I program, the U.S. collected recycled water, stored water, and humidity condensate samples for chemical and microbial evaluation. This experiment was conducted to determine the potability of the water supplied on Mir, to assess the reliability of the water reclamation and distribution systems, and to aid in developing water quality monitoring standards for International Space Station.


In PNAS, Kneller (1) suggests a quantum-theoretical justification of the "Frauenfelder energy landscape model" of protein dynamics applied to quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) (2, 3). The diffusion-broadened QENS spectrum, centered at ω = 0, is explained (Fig. 1 and ref. 2) by a distribution of narrow inelastic lines centered at ω ≠ 0, reflecting energetic transitions between discrete states of a "complex" landscape. Elastic scattering at ω = 0 does not exist as a separate spectral component, contradicting standard scattering theory of spatially constrained motions (2) and most of the published literature (4). Kneller (1) rationalizes this picture by discrete quantum transitions within a Franck–Condon potential …

[↵][1]1Email: wdoster{at}bioneutron.de.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


A premise exists in current gastroenterologic wisdom that the time of onset of hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract (out of hospital vs. in hospital) has a profound influence on course and outcome. Nosocomial hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract is an important modern-day complication of hospitalization that is associated with a high rate of mortality. Although our ability to prevent this complication, known to be related to length of hospital stay and severity of underlying illness, suffers deficiencies, our facility to diagnose it accurately and in many instances to treat it with the use of endoscopy is well established (1-3).


In this article, non-doped and nitrogen doped ZnO films were deposited by plasma-assisted MOCVD on sapphire substrates. The optical properties were investigated by the measurement of photoluminescence, Raman scattering and ultraviolet absorption. It was found that the N-doped ZnO film displayed better crystal quality and optical characteristics, and, furthermore, the resistivity of doped films was much higher than that of undoped samples.


The ternary system Zn1-xCdxO (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) samples have been synthesized by the solid solution route. The synthesized samples were characterized by their electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties. The resistivity of the samples decreases with increase of Cd concentration and temperature, respectively. The activation energy at 339 K varies from 0.426 to 0.146 eV. The ternary system possesses a negative mass susceptibility having pair of electrons confirmed by the magnetic mass susceptibility measurement. The dielectric constant of the samples increases with increase of Cd and decreases with frequency initially and then remains constant.


This study examined the relationship between innovative ability of manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and some determinants of innovation in Nigeria. The study was based on a sample survey consisting of 100 SMEs in the manufacturing sector in the cities of Lagos and Ibadan, southwestern part of Nigeria. Using structured questionnaires, the data were collected from the owner-managers of the SMEs. The findings indicate that there was a significant relationship between innovative ability and the determinants relating to entrepreneur\'s characteristics. These determinants were entrepreneur commitment to innovation, and seeking and gathering support for innovation within the organisation. These determinants were able to explain 57% of the variance in the innovative ability of respondents. The result of the study shows that one of the critical factors to innovative ability among the manufacturing SMEs will be a positive disposition of the entrepreneur to build an enduring environment, particularly within the organization, that will help to nurture and sustain innovation. IFE PsychologIA Vol. 16 (1) 2007: pp. 56-71


This paper presents a multi scale color coding technique which enhances the visualization of scalar fields along integration lines in vector fields. In particular, this multi scale technique enables one to see detailed variations in selected small ranges of the scalar field while at the same time allowing one to observe the entire range of values of the scalar field. This type of visualization, observing small variations as well as the entire range of values, is usually not possible with uniform color coding. This multi scale approach, which is linear within each division of the scale (piecewise linear), is a general visualization technique that can be applied to many different scalar fields of interest. As an example, in this paper we apply it to the visualization of fluid flow mixing indicators along pathlines in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Pathlines are the trajectories of fluid particles over time in the CFD simulations, and applying multi scale color coding on the pathlines brings out quantities of interest in the flow such as curvature, torsion and specific measure of length generation, which are indicators of the degree of mixing in the fluid system. In contrast to uniform color coding, this multi scale scheme can display small variations in the mixing indicators and still show the entire range of values of these indicators. In this paper, the mixing indicators are computed and displayed only along line structures (pathlines) in the flow field rather than at all points in the flow


According to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the 'Medical laboratories—Requirements for quality and competence (ISO 15189:2012) BS EN ISO 15189:2012' accreditation is defined as 'a procedure by which an authoritative body gives formal recognition that an organization is competent to carry out specific tasks'. Accreditation is delivered by the 'competent authority' based on a set of defined standards and the continual internal audit of the laboratory processes and infrastructure against these standards to achieve conformance. Additionally, the 'competent authority' periodically undertakes assessments to ensure compliance with the standards. These assessments vary in frequency and nature depending upon the assessment body. In some instances (e.g. UK Accreditation Service, UKAS), the assessments are annual and based on a four- year cycle covering the whole laboratory repertoire and infrastructure. The HSE is responsible for the inspection and licencing of microbiological containment level 3 and 4 facilities. The HTA is responsible for legal registration of laboratories that process and store human tissue, and is mainly histology related. The MHRA provides guidelines on good laboratory practice, good clinical practice, good clinical laboratory practice, and good manufacturing practice, largely around clinical trial work. It is also responsible for accreditation of blood transfusion laboratories. Finally, it provides guidance on the In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Device Directive (IVDMDD, 98/ 79/ EC) and the regulation of medical 'devices' including diagnostic devices, where a 'device' is defined as including reagent kits and analytical platforms. EFI provides guidance and standards for transplantation and tissue typing laboratories across Europe. Until 2009, CPA provided accreditation for the majority of UK pathology services. CPA was acquired by the UK Accreditation Service in 2009. UKAS is a government- appointed national accreditation body for the UK that is responsible for certification, testing, inspection, and calibration services, and is the competent authority for all ISO standards, not just pathology. It covers various sectors, including healthcare, food production, energy supply, climate change, and personal safety. The majority of UK pathology services will be UKAS ISO15189 accredited by 2018, including transitional 'dual' CPA standards/ ISO15189 accreditation between 2015 and 2018. It also provides ISO22870:2006 accreditation that is point of care specific, as well as ISO17025:2005, which applies to calibration standards.


In various embodiments, the present invention is, for example, comprises administering a TACI-Ig fusion molecule in a patient in need, provides methods and compositions for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. In certain embodiments, the TACI-Ig fusion molecules, dull growth induction function of BIyS and APRIL, is administered in an amount sufficient to suppress or inhibit.


The article evaluates the patrimonial restructuring of companies in Brazil from mergers and acquisitions (M&A) that occurred from 1990 to 1999. The analytical model used presupposes that the changes in the international and national economic environment are the main determinant factors of the process and they are responsible for the new business opportunities. In the research we conclude that the mergers and acquisitions achieved by trans-boundary companies were predominant, which makes evident the denationalizing process in the Brazilian economy, and its evolution is linked to the international movement. This movement becomes more intense in these cond half of the nineties, the period of major M&A intensity in Brazil and around the world. Key words: mergers and acquisitions, economic opening, patrimonial restructuration.


In this paper, we construct a crepant resolution for the quotient singularity $\mathbb{A}^4/A_4$ in characteristic 2, where $A_4$ is the alternating group of degree 4 with permutation action on $\mathbb{A}^4$. By computing the Euler number of the crepant resolution, we obtain a new counterexample to an analogous statement of McKay correspondence in positive characteristic.


According to the characteristics of structure and logic,the flood forecast model was divided into many independent parts. Component packing technology of Web Service and Service-Oriented Architecture(SOA) was applied to pack the components the flood forecast model and service was published so as to build component bank. The model was applied to forecast the flood in the Dongyang River basin. The results show that the flood forecast model has many advantages such as powerful transplantable capability,high code reuse rate,good expansibility,easy to maintain,good display effect.


Contemporary Hungarian historians agree that the key to the understanding of the processes of the 1960s can be found in the political system.1 e conscious, politically driven consolidation of the socialist system resulted in an optimistic period of the long Kádár-era2: it was the decade of thaw, breathing more freely, new chances, more freedom and raising living standard. However two phases are clearly distinguishable within the long decade. e rst was the period of rebuilding political and ideological positions of the party between 1956-1962, while the second period was characterised by easing in politics, partial and then overall (though not fully realised) economic reforms and a certain openness in culture.3 e reorganised Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party – parallel with the political retaliation – also rede ned the place of arts and literature within its politics. e aim was to diminish the leading social and political role of literature: the Hungarian Writers' Association was banned in 1957 and reorganised only in 1959, but with a radically changed membership. After a short break, some new literary and cultural periodicals were launched. e divisive cultural policy intended to create a neutral politico-literary life: political power o ered media for intellectuals with controlled freedom on the political eld but with greater openness towards cultural modernisation.4 Reorganising some existing informative scienti c journals served the same purpose, however while the highlighted social role of literature ceased, the relative dominance of human intellectuals was present during the entire Kádár-era.


Cyclophosphamide altered not only the pathological picture of virus encephalitis, but also enhanced the invasiveness of viruses and produced fatal forms of disease to which monkeys were otherwise resistant. Normal patas monkeys infected either i.c. or intranasally (i.n.) with louping ill developed clinical encephalitis from which they recovered, but when cyclophosphamide was administered the disease proved fatal. Normal rhesus monkeys inoculated i.n. with virulent western equine encephalitis virus developed neither clinical disease nor CNS lesions, but after treatment with cyclophosphamide they developed fatal encephalitis. The viruses of louping ill, Venezuelan equine encephalitis and Western equine encephalitis when given without an immunosuppressant usually gave rise to acute inflammatory CNS pathology, but when the monkeys were given cyclophosphamide, the inflammatory reaction was replaced by a degenerative process causing both neuronal necrosis and spongy degeneration.


: The effect of parameters such as varying time duration of osmosis and sugar syrup concentration at the time of osmotic dehydration of raw guava slices(5 mm thick) and cubes on mass transfer data such as water loss,solid gain and mass reduction were studied. Sucrose solution of 70 0 B and 80 0 B was employed as per osmotic dehydration process. After completion of osmotic dehydration process, the water loss from guava cubes and guava slicesof 70 0 B is found as 28.45 to 44.41 and 23.49 to 36.14 per sent resp. and of 80 0 B is found as 30.90 to 49.6 and 30.5 to 47.61per cent resp. Similarly,sugar gain and mass reduction was calculated for guava slices and guava cubes. It was observed that the mass reduction, water loss and sugar gain increases with increase in sugar syrup concentration and duration of osmosis.


Fabrication- and measurement-induced stresses in surface micromachined structures are investigated by wafer-level probing of electrostatically actuated polysilicon test structures fabricated by the MUMPs process of MCNC. The test structures are based on M-Test, an electrostatic pull-in approach for monitoring process uniformity and reproducibility, and, when used in conjunction with suitable geometric data, for measuring material properties. The sensitivity of the pull-in technique reveals that the simple step of placing the die on a vacuum probe station can significantly affect the measured results. The presence of strain gradients in the polysilicon and compliant structural supports for the beams makes the modeling more complex than for ideal geometries, but with appropriate adjustments to the models, and with knowledge of the strain gradient obtained from cantilever tip deflection as a function of beam length, the technique enables a measurement of the elastic modulus and the fabrication-induced residual stress.


sports sections, only the case of one of the issues ("Most of the city was calm") shows Detroit papers significantly more positive than prestige papers. In the news sections, the Detroit newspapers are more positive than the prestige press for three of the issues, but are significantly more negative in the case of one: "Authorities had control over the situation." Perhaps the best explanation for this finding is a newspaper's perceived mission to criticize government institutions, in this case, the Detroit Police Department. In fact, news stories contained quotes questioning the judgment of city officials to hold promotion examinations the morning of the game. In essence, stories about the aftermath in the Detroit papers, most of which were in the news sections, reflected a concern over the capabilities of the police. It stands to reason that out-oftown newspapers would be largely unconcerned with the capabilities of the police. On the other hand, the Detroit papers generally came to the defense of Detroiters celebrating the Tigers' championship. They portrayed most of the fans as acting properly and most of the city as calm, and they noted that the disturbance was not unique 389


Background:  High‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) type E6 and E7 oncoproteins contribute to oncogenesis in multiple ways by modulating the activities of host components in cell‐cycle regulation including the expression of p16 protein (p16) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). The expression of p16 and hTERT protein in Bowenoid papulosis (BP) has not been studied.


Recognizing environmental contact on whole body of a humanoid robot can be very advantageous to work with people in human's environment. In the tasks with environmental contacts, it is important as an interface with the environment to detect pushing, shearing and twist on the whole body of a robot such that it gets to know its current state and what to do next. In this paper, we describe a full body soft tactile sensor suit for a humanoid robot and an algorithm to calculate pushing, shearing, and twist for each sensor unit. These sensors are small muti-axis sensors with urethane structure and they can be placed densely on the body of a humanoid robot. We arranged 347 multi-axis soft tactile sensors on a humanoid robot imitating a human tactile sense to detect contact states. Then, we calculate a deformation vector for each muti-axis soft tactile sensor and detect the three contact states using deformation moment and average of deformation vectors in the contact surface consisting of soft tactile sensors. Finally, we confirmed the validity of the full body tactile suit and contact state detector by experiments of sitting on a wheelchair and passing object between a human and a robot.


Abstract The microstructure of polar microdomains in PLZT has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy and the relationship between polar microdomains (α-phase state) and the presence of highly aligned, stable fringes was examined. Regular, stable fringes were observed within PLZT, but it was concluded that these arose as a result of the superposition of Pb-based particles upon the perovskite matrix and not as a result of polar microdomains in the ferroelectric phase.


Several methodsarecurrently available for investigation oflowintensity space-time clustering (Knox, 1963, 1964;Ederer, Myers, andMantel, 1964;DavidandBarton, 1966;Mantel, 1967; PikeandSmith, 1968.) Itspresence usually indicates oneoftwocauses-either aninfection oracausal factor whichislocal inbothtimeandspace and experienced byeachindividual inthecluster. There are, however, other situations inepidemiology where theeffect ofeither timealone orspacealone is localized. Anannual cyclic trend isanexample ofthe former; similarly, acondition localized only inspace could exist without 'outbreaks' inthetimeperiod concerned. Admittedly ifanother timeperiod inthe sameareaweretobeconsidered thespatial clusters might nolonger exist, andinthis sense wemaystill beconsidering thespace-time problem. However, themaininterest inthis paper isapattern inwhich thetimecomponent ofclusters issosmall thatit becomes irrelevant totheanalysis. Thestudy ofspatial patterns ofa disease ina given areanecessarily involves thepopulation at risk. Theproblem istrivial ifthenumberofcases is large andtheareaalready divided into well-defined sub-areas whosepopulations areknown.Analysis andsubsequent interpretation isdifficult whenthe numberofobserved cases withthedisease isrelatively small, yetonvisual inspection there appears to bespatial clustering. Notified limbdefects (syndactyly, polydactyly, andreduction deformities) borninCardiff between 1964and1966exhibited these characteristics, andthispaperpresents the outcome oftheir analysis, primarily inrespect of spatial clustering, butalsowithbrief reference to time-clustering andspace-time interaction.


Institutions as social control always succeed in regulating so that the social life of citizens can run in an orderly and smooth manner in accordance with prevailing traditions and norms. As has been functioning well in the past, both in Aceh and West Sumatra. Aceh with its gampong pageu, and West Sumatra with surau. Both reflect a blend of local wisdom (adat) and Islamic values in it. However, if you see the rampant cases of violence and sexual abuse that have occurred in women and children lately, it is not wrong to say that the role of institutions as social control began to weaken. Like the role of surau and gampong pageu which is slowly ignored and forgotten. Re-empowering social institutions means trying to restore the pattern of community behavior based on existing norms. For this reason, systematic efforts are needed in empowering social institutions by empowering social institutions in accordance with the changes and demands of the times.


3-Hydroxypyrones, and their corresponding analogues 3-hydroxypyridinones are a versatile range of ligands, and both groups of compounds contain several classes of compounds.[1] The commercially available pyrones: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyran-4-one (1) and 3-hydroxy-2-ethylpyran-4-one (2) were functionalised to yield the respective 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyrid-4-one (3) and 3-hydroxy-2-ethylpyrid-4-one (4) derivatives. These ligands were then coordinated to an array of metals to form the corresponding complexes. A total of eight bidentate ligands were used in this study with different electronic and steric demands. These ligands are explored for: (i) the potential beneficiation of Hafnium and Zirconium for the nuclear industry, (ii) application as model complexes for diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals in studies using the fac-ReI(CO)3+ core and (iii) exploiting as model Rhodium(I) homogeneous catalysts.[2][3] In all the respective sub-sections of this study solid state systematic structural characterisation of crystalline products of the above mentioned compounds, intended on revealing the coordination modes that can be observed, were extensively evaluated by means of single crystal X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and will be given.


Dr. Matthews Duncan's paper on the " Mechanism of the Expulsion of the Placenta", alludes to Schultze's and Baudelocque's description of the mode in which they conceived this hbemorrhage to occur. In differing from them, he suggests that the mode which they describe as the ordinary one, is in reality very rare, and liable to be attended by flooding. In Schultze's work, Ldhzriu/z dcr ZIl'arznzecnkunst, drawings are given, showing the collection of blood behind the placenta, in which it is forced down, inverted, into and through the os uteri, in a manner similar to that described above by myself as occurring to the membranes. The cases above described confirm Dr. Ml. Duncan's opinion as to this mode of placental delivery being liable to be accompanied by flooding; yet I expect that the position of the attachment of the placenta to the uterus has considerable influence on the mode of expulsion, especially during varying conditions of uterine tonicity; influenced by the amount of traction made on the fundus either manually or by the natural efforts of expulsion, and also by the amount of separation produced by the latter throes of labour. If complete separation take place upon the last pain, then the mode described by Dr. M. Duncan is probably the usual one; but if it be incomplete, then it is easy to understand that a greater or smaller quantity of blood would be effused, which wvould produce something of the effect described by Schultze ; yet the blood lost would not be sufficient to be alarming, but by no means a rar-e event even when no traction is made on the funis, at least manually. Still it cannot but be admitted that nothing can facilitate the occurrence of limmorrhage before the delivery of the placenta more than the slight and imperfect dragging on the funis, so frequently done, in order to find out if the placenta be detached, especially while the uterus is unsupported.


In a communication system, OFDM is the best technique for high speed transfer amplification in a communication network. The principal downside in the OFDM system was PAPR (Peak Average Power Reduction Ratio). Since of this large PAPR the device output reduces as the OFDM signal moves through the amplifier. By combining the exponential companding and µ-law companding we can reduce the Peak to average power ratio in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signals. We may decrease PAPR posed in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, systems by implementing CCDF function on the companding technique.


Six children with human growth hormone (hGH) deficiency became hypothyroid during the course of their therapy with hGH. This was accompanied by a decreasing growth rate, clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism and decreased serum T4 concentrations. Three of the 6 patients returned to the euthyroid state, both clinically and biochemically, with cessation of hGH therapy, and reinstitution of hGH precipitated hypothyroidism again in 2 of the three. The patients who remained hypothyroid have evidence of multiple pituitary trophic hormone deficiencies while those who reverted to euthyroidism appear to have isolated hGH deficiency. Evaluation of thyroid function while on hGH showed low T4, free T4 and T3 concentrations. The serum thyrotropin (TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was absent or markedly blunted in 4 of 6 patients while receiving long-term hGH therapy but was normal or exaggerated in all patients when tested before or after only 5 days of hGH therapy. These data indicate that exogenous hGH results in an inhibition of the TSH response to TRH. The mechanism of this inhibition is unclear, but we postulate that it may be mediated by somatostatin secretion in response to pulse doses of hGH.


Abstract Dual task walking assessments provide valuable insights into cognitive-motor function in aging. To date, such assessments have been limited primarily to laboratory-based settings. We thus created a smartphone App utilizing multi-media instructions and the phone's motion sensors to record movements during normal and dual task walking, with the phone placed in the user's pants pocket. Thirty younger and older adults completed two lab visits, during which walking data were simultaneously acquired by the App and the GAITRite mat. Participants also completed App-based assessments in their homes on three separate days. Across all detected strides in laboratory trials, gait metrics derived from the App correlated closely with those derived from the GAITRite mat (r2>0.96). Across trials, gait metrics demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability, both within and between laboratory visits and home-based assessments (ICC: 0.79–0.90). Remote, smartphone-based dual task walking assessments may therefore be feasible for relatively healthy younger and older adults.


Riskesdas data in 2018 showed that the number of tooth decays in West Kalimantan province was 49.55% and that in Pontianak City was 39.52%. The results of a preliminary survey conducted on 5th-grade students of SDN 09 Pontianak found an average of three deciduous teeth and four adult teeth affected by dental caries. One way to prevent dental caries is to brush the teeth using toothpaste that contain active antibacterial ingredients. One herb widely used as an active ingredient in toothpaste is siwak. This community service activity aims to increase knowledge and skills in making herbal toothpaste to reduce the dental plaque index. This activity uses health counseling methods through lectures, leaflet distribution, and training on making herbal toothpaste from siwak. This activity was conducted in collaboration with SDN 09 Pontianak and was held on Friday, June 24, 2022, with 53 participants. From this activity, the participants received education on the benefits of herbal toothpaste for dental and oral health. In addition, this training activity can increase creativity and skills in creating herbal toothpaste and foster an entrepreneurial spirit. After this activity, it will continue with training activities with the theme of entrepreneurship as part of efforts to downstream and commercialize herbal toothpaste products.


[Objective] The purpose was to seek for the optimum method to detect the residual quantities of multi-organophosphorous pesticides in honey.[Method] With DB-35 silica capillary column for split stream sampling and programmed heating,flame photometric detector(FPD) with optical filter with phosphorous for detecting,and high purity nitrogen,air and hydrogen as carrier gas,the method of detecting the residual quantities of 8 organophosphorous pesticides(DDVP,methamidophos,phorate,dimethoate,methyl parathion,malathion,chlorpyrifos and parathion) in honey by gas chromatography method was established.[Result] 8 kinds of organophosphorous pesticides had good linear relationship(r0.995 5) in the content range of 1~100 ng/mL,their least detective ranges were 0.021~0.1 μg/mL and the additive recoveries were in 81 %~100 %.[Conclusion] The accuracy,sensitivity,recovery and reproducibility of the method all accorded with the requirement of detective technique of pesticide multi-residue.


This paper deals with the study of an HIV dynamics model with two target cells, macrophages and CD4 + T cells and three categories of infected cells, short-lived, long-lived and latent in order to get better insights into HIV infection within the body. The model incorporates therapeutic modalities such as reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs). The model is incorporated with distributed time delays to characterize the time between an HIV contact of an uninfected target cell and the creation of mature HIV. The effect of antibody on HIV infection is analyzed. The production and removal rates of the ten compartments of the model are given by general nonlinear functions which satisfy reasonable conditions. Nonnegativity and ultimately boundedness of the solutions are proven. Using the Lyapunov method, the global stability of the equilibria of the model is proven. Numerical simulations of the system are provided to confirm the theoretical results. We have shown that the antibodies can play a significant role in controlling the HIV infection, but it cannot clear the HIV particles from the plasma. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the intracellular time delay plays a similar role as the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies (HAAT) drugs in eliminating the HIV particles.


Rural travel,as a new development mode,that combines agriculture with travel,will greatly promote the socialist new countryside construction.Gonglian Village,being a national civilization demonstration village,has its advantages in developing educational rural travel,but it is still in its infancy stage in that its product is simple and management style simplistic.ln future,efforts should be made to plan it scientifically,strengthen its infrastructure and its product design.


An algorithm based on free-weighting matrix approach is proposed for the anti-delay coordinated control among multiple FACTSs(Flexible AC Transmission Systems),which uses the output feedback signal of wide-area measurement system,considers the time delay of signal transmission,adopts the free-weighting matrix time delay stability theory as criterion,ensures the minimum damping ratio of time delay system above a given threshold,and applies the quantum genetic algorithm to obtain the best gain of multi-FACTS coordination controller. Results of time-domain simulation for a case with two SVCs show its effectiveness.


The Monte Carlo method (MC) can be considered as a very general mathematical tool for the solution of a great variety of problems [1-4]. In its present form, the method is attributed to Fermi, Von Neumann, and Ulam, who developed it for the solution of problems related to neutron transport . Among the various applications of the method the following are probably the most important: * Integro-differential equations * Matrix inversion * Transport of nuclear particles * Transport in semiconductors * Modeling of semiconductor devices * Process simulation Being based on random numbers, the results obtained with a MC procedure are never exact, but rigorous in a statistical sense: the exact result lies in given intervals with given probabilities. The applications of MC methods can be divided into two major groups. One consists of direct reproduction on a computer of the microscopic dynamics of the physical