R. G. Wise, A. Jolly, C. J. Evans, K. Murphy, F. Zelaya, D. Lythgoe, K. Pattinson, and J. E. Hall CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom, Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom


This paper is devoted to study the periodic nature of the solution of the following max‐type difference equation: xn+1=maxAnxn−1,xn−2,n=0,1,…, where the initial conditions x−2,x−1,x0 are arbitrary positive real numbers and {An}n=0∞ is a periodic sequence of period two. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


To test the hypothesis of an association between periodontosis and the HLA-complex, 30 unrelated patients and 8 families were tissue typed for HLA-A and -B antigens. The patients were divided in two groups on an ethnic basis. Control groups consisted of unrelated individuals of the same ethnic origin. In the Negroid group I a statistically significant increase in the frequency of HLA-BW35 was found. However, this significance was not apparent when compared to a control group matched for geographical location as well as ethnic origin. No statistically significant differences were observed in the Caucasoid group II. The segregation patterns of HLA and periodontosis in the families were not conclusive. Establishing whether unaffected younger siblings of the patients will develop periodontosis in the future complicated the analysis. More family studies are needed to assess whether the distribution of HLA haplotypes in affected siblings is indeed random as suggested by our data or not.


Abstract The aim of this work was to assess the whole cell bioconversion of (+)-valencene to (+)-nootkatone in 100 % organic phase (orange essential oil) using a stirred tank bioreactor. Yarrowia lipolytica 2.2ab was used to perform bioconversion experiments; 600 mL of orange essential oil was inoculated with 50 cm3 of cell paste containing 13.5 g of biomass previously permeabilized with 0.2 % (w/v) of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and enriched with 2.0 mM niacin. Experiments were conducted at 200 rpm, 0.5 vvm and 30 °C. The highest (+)-nootkatone yield was ca. 773 mg L−1 after 4 days of conversion. Bioconversion percent and volumetric productivity increased to 82.3 % and 8.06 mg L−1 h−1 compared to those reported previously using a three-phase partitioning bioreactor. The absence of free water in the system did not affect the performance of Y. lipolytica 2.2ab.


We conducted this study to assess serum soluble E‐selectin (sE‐selectin) levels and erythrocyte membrane Na+K+ ATPase activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and correlate the levels with disease activity. Levels of sE‐selectin were measured in the serum of 20 patients with RA and 20 control subjects by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay. Na+K+ ATPase activity was determined by a colorimetric method in RA patients and healthy controls. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to demographic data such as age and sex (p > 0.05). The serum levels of sE‐selectin, ESR and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in RA patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). Erythrocyte membrane Na+K+ ATPase activity was significantly lower in the RA group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between soluble E‐selectin and ESR (r=0.457; p < 0.05) and CRP (r = 0.682; p < 0.01) levels. There were statistically significant negative correlations between erythrocyte membrane Na+K+ ATPase activity and ESR (r = −0.450; p<0.05) and CRP (r = −0.446; p<0.05) levels. Additionally, a significant negative correlations between sE‐selectin and Na+K+ ATPase activity was observed (r = −0.80; p<0.001). These results show that decreases in erythrocyte membrane Na+K+ ATPase activity and increases in sE‐selectin are observed in RA, and that increased levels of sE‐selectin may also reflect disease status or activity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Introduction and Aim: This study was conducted to generate microorganisms isolated from cultures of ears taken from the patients diagnosed to have chronic otitis media and determine and compare the in vitro effects of different antibiyotics and topical ear solutions on these microorganisms. Material and Methods: Between June 2009 and October 2010, 127 ear cultures were taken from 100 patients who applied to the Department of Otolaryngology of Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine Training and Research Hospital diagnosed to have chronic otitis media in the otolaryngological investigation. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated strains was determined by the disc diffusion method according to the CLSI criteria. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The effectiveness of various drugs by species of pathogen was examined using cross tables. Chi square analysis was performed. One-way ANOVA was used to compare numerical variables in multiple groups. Post hoc analysis was performed using Tamhane's test. Results: From the cultures investigated, 277 (6 ferment and 16 fungus) microorganisms were generated. In 14 cultures, two or more pathogens multiplied. Among the isolated pathogen microorganisms, pseudomonas spp. (24,91%), staphylococcus spp (13,00%), proteus spp. (5,05%) were the three most frequently isolated pathogen agents. 4 Peptococcus spp. (1,44%) and 3 Peptostreptecoccus spp. (1,08%) multiplied and it was observed that there was 2,52%anaerobic reproduction among all microorganisms. It was also seen that Pseudomonas spp. strains were more susceptible to gentamicin (97,1%), imipenem (94,2%), amikacin (84,1%) and ciprofloxacine (78,3%). In the study, vancomycine, teicoplanin, telithromycin and linozolidin were found to be the most effective antibiotics for all staphylococcus. It was seen that proteus spp. strains were more susceptible to gentamicin (92, 9%), ciprofloxacin (%92, 9) and piperacillin (%92, 9). Conclusion: In the antimicrobial treatment required to reach effective outcomes in the treatment of patients with chronic otitis media, it is important to monitor the frequency of effective microorganisms and their rates of resistance to antimicrobial agents


Basing on the breeding theory of combining ability and the effect method of comprehensive breeding,Fuhong13 was developed in 2002 by the cross between Fuhong951 and Fuhong952,and the backcross of the F1 with Fuhong952 in 1995.In the 2003-2004 regional test of new kenaf varieties in Fujian,the fiber yield of Fuhong13 was 7189kg/hm2 and 16.2% higher than that of Yue743(CK2),the regression coefficient of yielding ability and stability was 0.89,indicating that it was a dependable high-yield variety.Meanwhile,its anthracnose resistant index was similar to that of Yue743.In the 2-year,18-location experiment Fuhong13 performed 14.83% yield higher than Yue743,and performed excellently in yield ability,stability,fiber quality,adaptability,disease resistance.


Fluvial geomorphic risks are rarely incorporated into and mitigated by river flood management in the United States. Identifying where such risks exist is difficult and there is much scholarly debate on how best to do it. We incorporate this debate into a stakeholder‐driven process to assess its viability in translational fluvial geomorphology. Focusing on Massachusetts, USA we describe a decade‐long, stakeholder‐driven project that sought to better manage flood risks across the state. We found that even if a diverse group of expert stakeholders agrees on the science, politics complicate the transfer of science into policy in highly participatory settings. Stakeholders agreed that fluvial geomorphic risk mapping should result in a "river corridor" that must be process‐based, variable‐width, and based on readily available, easily measured data sources. However, without an agreed‐upon sense of how to resolve the geographic mismatch between an expansive scientifically defined corridor and one constrained by social and economic practicalities, stakeholders struggled to determine what a fluvial geomorphology‐informed river corridor would be used for, and by whom.


8092 Background: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are highly effective in treating EGFR mutant+ NSCLC. Patients invariably relapse and resistance is most often associated with an EGFR T790M mutation. AZD9291 is currently in clinical development to address this primary T790M-mediated resistance. Several highly sensitive technologies have been described for detection of EGFR mutations from tumor DNA (ctDNA) shed into the circulating plasma. ctDNA may provide an option for patients unable to provide tissue biopsies for AZD9291 patient selection and disease monitoring purposes. Methods: Using plasma from patients enrolled on the AZD9291 clinical study (NCT01802632), we undertook a cross-platform comparison of 4 methods for the detection of EGFR mutations in ctDNA: ARMS-based detection using 1) Roche Cobas and 2) Qiagen Therascreen EGFR mutation detection kits, and digital PCR-based (dPCR) approaches using 3) BioRad ddPCR (MolecularMD) and 4) BEAMing (Inostics). Results: To date, 38 pre-dose plasma samples have...


This paper investigates the relationship between financial development and bio-energy consumption in the European Union (EU28) countries for the period from 1990 to 2013 through the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and causality analysis. The empirical results show that financial development shows a significant positive impact, at a 1% statistical level, on bio-energy consumption for the EU28 during the studied period. In developing countries, the financial market indicator affects bio-energy consumption outgrowth positively and significantly at a 1% statistical level. For developed countries, there is a positive influence of financial institutions and financial market indicators on bio-energy consumption growth at the 1% and 10% levels, respectively. The study concludes that there is a significant relationship between the consumption of bio-energy and financial development factors. The study provides recommendations that are useful when formulating policy related to energy consumption and the promotion of bio-energy consumption. Financial development and economic outgrowth show a significant influence on the outgrowth of bio-energy consumption at a 1% statistical level.


Background: The oral cavity is a unique environment where systemic maladies may be amplified by the oral mucosa. Sometimes, oral lesions are the first indication of a systemic problem. Oral mucosal lesions may be the initial feature or the only clinical sign of mucocutaneous diseases commonly observed in a dermatologic practice. Aim and Objectives: To assess the frequency of the oral manifestations in patients who suffer from dermatologic diseases, emphasizing the aspects referring to their, sex and age of the patients. Material and Methods: A cross sectional hospital-based study was carried out focusing on patients with skin lesions, for data gathering only patients included in the research were clinically examined aiming at identifying oral and cuteneous alterations. Information was recorded in individual clinical cards, as well as personal information, health conditions, family diseases and current and previous diseases. The structured interview was done in the local language containing questions regarding socio-demographics (gender, age, education and occupation) general and oral health related characteristics and lifestyle. Results: In our study, the prevalence rate of oral mucosal lesions in patients with dermatological diseases is relatively low (94/489). Our study results showed that there is a positive correlation of oral manifestations with their respective dermatological diseases Conclusion: Oral mucosal lesions in skin diseases deserve special attention, Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Patients with Dermatological Diseases Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India 1* 2 3 3 3 K. M. Shivakumar , Vidya Kadashetti , Minal Chaudhary , Swati Patil , Madhuri Gawande ,


Complications of atherosclerosis, such as stroke and myocardial infarction, has taken a lead among causes of death in developed countries. Multiple hypotheses of atherogenesis exist. The review of 60 reports enables tracking the evolution of understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic diseases, induction of atherogenesis, and risks for atherosclerosis progression. Absolutization of one of them has resulted in predomination of the cholesteric theory of atherosclerosis. Emergence of evidence for participation of viruses and gram-negative bacteria in progression of atherosclerosis allowed atherogenesis to be considered from the standpoint of inflammation (as confirmed by numerous studies). This review focuses on cellular mechanisms, ways of macrophage activation, effects of inflammatory cytokines on arterial smooth muscle cells and endotheliocytes from a position of the inflammation theory of atherosclerosis. Based on current reports, atherogenic mechanisms of endotoxin effects are described as effects of a unique lipopolysaccharide capable for induction of inflammation. The endotoxin concept of atherogenesis is essentially a current stage of the inflammation theory of atherosclerosis. The author described mechanisms of the endotoxin effect on endotheliocytes, monocytes, and arterial smooth muscles cells. Examples of recent studies demonstrated the role of endotoxin in the pathology of cardiovascular diseases on a cell model with the human saphenous vein and on different strains of knockout mice. Data from human studies are presented, including the only population-based study by Bruneck. Possible interrelations of lipid and lipopolysaccharide metabolism based on single transport mechanisms are described. Difficulties of measuring endotoxin concentration in the systemic circulation are related with insufficient informative value and accuracy of available tests. Characteristics of different tests for measuring the LPS concentration and the activity of antiendotoxin immunity were compared, including the LAL-test, micro-LAL-test, LPS-test-ELISA, EAA test, SOIS-method, and ENA.


With the sharp increase in people's average life expectancy and raise the level of social welfare, the number of elderly people increased dramatically, more and more older people will choose to spend old age pension agency, so the rapid development of the pension industry, with pension Skills nursing personnel in short supply. Currently aged care nursing practice teaching system has no reference model, this paper aims to literature, a lot of reading literature, literature and organize, analyze the development and current situation of the elderly in nursing practice teaching at home and abroad, and explore suitable for our country nursing gerontological nursing practice teaching methods. Closely integrated with the development trend of elderly nursing home and abroad, contact the Situation gerontological nursing practice teaching my department to develop in line with my elderly nursing practice teaching system designed to promote the development of gerontological nursing has a certain significance. The practice teaching in nursing education is the key link to help nursing students to combine the basic theoretical knowledge and clinical nursing practice, which is the supplement and extension of nursing theory teaching. Therefore, the nursing practice teaching is an independent link to design and implement, and the process is as important as the theoretical teaching. In the teaching of nursing, we should design and implement the corresponding practice teaching for each subject, and construct a perfect practice teaching system, which embodies the characteristics of nursing .As early as 1900, in the international community, Gerontology Nursing is an independent profession; In our country, it is relatively late. At present, nursing students' practice and training of Gerontology Nursing, mainly is in the elderly patients ward in hospital. However, most of the elderly wards in the hospital focus on the nursing care of elderly patients with chronic diseases, which is far from meeting the requirements of the community and pension institutions for the elderly nursing staff. At the same time, due to the domestic pension institutions of the system, management are not standardized, Gerontology Nursing technology and maintenance of equipment are relatively backward, which seriously affects the students organic combination of theory and practice. On the basis of reading a large number of literature, this paper analyzes the development and current situation of the practice teaching of geriatric nursing at home and abroad. This searching is suitable for the nursing practice teaching mode and system of nursing students in our department. 1. The Development Status of Nursing Practice Teaching Abroad From the point of view of the arrangement of the teaching plan, curriculum, theory and practice, using the training mode of combining theory and practice closely related to train nursing talents abroad. Especially the foreign nursing education emphasizes the practical ability of students, schools and hospitals, pension institutions, community health services etc. the practice base closely combine together to complete responsibility of training nursing students' practice .


The formation of bubble defects during UV-nanoimprinting can be prevented by carrying out the process in a 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (PFP) gas environment. The authors therefore evaluated the curing time and the calorific value of UV-curable resins in a PFP gas environment by photo differential scanning calorimetry and their polymerization degree by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The authors found that UV-curable resins polymerized more efficiently in PFP than in air because PFP dissolves in the resins.


The invention relates to a hydraulic control device of the feed rolls of a forage harvester, for adjusting the precompression of the crop material bed. feed rollers (12, 14) mounted on top a link (22) are biased toward the feed rollers (8, 10) below using a hydraulic cylinder (32). The working pressure is measured using a sensor (40) and is transmitted to an electronic display (44) and / or treatment (46). The processing electronics (46) compares the measured pressure with a predetermined setpoint pressure, and in case of difference, activates a solenoid valve (38) Hydraulic dual mode and / or proportional to compensate for the pressure difference.


This work aimed to characterize sociodemographically two riverine contexts, discussing similarities and distinctions. 250 in the survey, 125 residents of each community, 22 families of the community of the river and 24 families of Araraiana Island Combu. The Araraiana river is located about 4 hours by boat and 15 the Combu island 15 minutes from the tail of the capital, Belém . The instrument used was the Sociodemographic Inventory (SDI), consisting of items related to: the identification of residents, household aspects, family income, city of origin and duration of residence. The study received the approval of the ethics committee from the consent of the participants of this study. The results showed that the proximity to the urban area is a determining factor for the difference in the way of life of these communities. Despite the structural similarities in vegetation and topography, there are differences in the physical well-being, education and the survival strategies identified in the way of life.


Studies suggest that stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) reduces food craving in bulimic patients, but evidence supporting repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a therapeutic tool is lacking. We investigated the safety and therapeutic efficacy of an adjunct high-frequency rTMS programme targeting the left DLPFC. Forty-seven women with bulimia nervosa were randomised to a real or sham stimulation group. The real group underwent 10 rTMS sessions, each consisting of 20 trains of 5 seconds with 55-second intervals between trains, at a frequency of 10 Hz. The main outcome was the number of binge episodes in the 15 days following the end of stimulation. Overall, no significant improvement in bingeing and purging symptoms was noted after the programme. rTMS was well tolerated. This suggests that 10 sessions of high-frequency rTMS to the left DLPFC provide no greater benefit than placebo. Future studies should consider methodological issues as well as alternative targets. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.


Variation of the system parameters and external disturbances always happen in the CNC servo system. With a PID con-troller, it may lead to large overshoot even oscillation, then the steady state and dynamic state performance will be worse. In this pa- per, a fuzzy-PID controller was proposed,and it incorporated the advantages of PID control and fuzzy control, which had good perfor- mance of adaptation and disturbance rejection. Based on the z-axis position servo system of a high-speed milling machine researched on our institute, simulations were carried out in Matlab with PID controller and fuzzy-PID controller. The results show that the system has stronger robustness and disturbance rejection with the latter, which can meet the performance requirements of the CNC servo system better.


A 30-year-old primigravida, 1.67 m tall, was seen at term with an extended breech presentation after a n uneventful pregnancy. Ultrasound measurements gave an estimated fetal weight of 3 kg and antero-posterior measurements on a lateral pelvic X-ray were inlet 12.4 cm, mid-cavity 13.1 cm and outlet 13.1 cm. She began labour spontaneously and was transferred to the delivery suite where the cervical dilatation was found to be 6 cm. The fetal membranes were ruptured and 30 rnin later she requested epidural analgesia. The cervix was then 9 cm dilated and before the epidural could be given she started pushing. Following an episiotomy the breech and legs were born spontaneously and the arms were born uneventfully using Lovset's manoeuvre. No further progress occurred as the head failed to descend further into the pelvis. Despite continued suprapubic pressure the Mauriceau-Smellie-Veit procedure was unsuccessful as was an attempt to bring the head down with forceps. A subcutaneous symphysiotomy was therefore performed after infiltrating the mons pubis with 1% lignocaine and inserting a catheter to displace the urethra from the midline. The superior and anterior fibres of the symphysis pubis were divided using a disposable scalpel and the thighs were slowly abducted until the fetal head descended into the pelvis.


This study established a precision‐preferred system specially designed for the data extraction of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) articles, providing foundational data for subsequent clinical article analysis and synthesis of TCM clinical evidence. Information extraction is commonly used in many fields to identify relevant concepts and the relationship between pairs of concepts from the vast information sources. Previous studies that performed information extraction primarily focused on scattering targeted fields to achieve a balance between precision and recall. Therefore, this study aims to create a comprehensive information extraction system for TCM articles. This system will extract all relevant information from research articles on a broad research field, including the 11 diseases that can be efficiently treated with TCM, with high precision and efficient measurement to address bias in every study. It covers the most essential information related to patients, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) principles in TCM clinical trials. This system covers 34 target fields on 14 topics. Impediments such as the various typesetting of TCM clinical articles were managed by a hybrid of machine vision and optical character recognition. Thus, TCM researchers can be spared of laborious, unscalable, and inefficient manual extraction processes. Our system could also enhance TCM researcher awareness of frequently missing information or TCM clinical trial design methods that could introduce bias, by analyzing the overall information integrity of TCM clinical articles, which is beneficial for future research designs.


Supporters of an ideology which made mass violence the engine of History, and a political project founded on Terror as a primitive tool and a radical view which endorsed violence at the service of a political-military model to a new society, the bolsheviks were able, as no one else, to use and channel social violences. However, the brutalization of the social body of the old Russian empire had a crucial effect on Bolshevism itself. It enhanced some Leninist assumptions on violence as "the truth of politics" and activated the identification of politics and war, surprisingly inverting Clausewitz's words, "politics as the continuation of war through other means". In the end, a true "political culture of violence" emerged within the very heart of the State which replaced the Tzarist Empire, the USSR.


This work was supported by a research grant from Lilly Research Labs. Angelica Brannick and Jennifer Mahin were supported by the IUPUI UROP/CRL program.


AbstractIn this paper sensitivity analysis is adopted in order to reveal the role of randomness of a stochastic second-order cone program (Maggioni et al., 2009) for mobile ad-hoc networks starting from the semidefinite stochastic locationaided routing (SLAR) model, described in Ariyawansa and Zhu (2006) and Zhu et al. (2011). The algorithm looks for a destination node and sets up a route by means of the expected zone, the region where the sender node expects to find the destination node and the requested zone defined by the sender node for spreading the route request to the destination node. The movements of the destination node are represented by ellipses scenarios, randomly generated by uniform and normal distributions in a neighborhood of the initial position of the destination node. Sensitivity analysis is performed by considering an increasing number of scenarios, different costs of flooding and latency penalty. Evaluation of Expected Value of Perfect Information EVPI and Value of Stochastic Solution VSS (Maggioni and Wallace, 2010; Birge, 1970) allows us to find the range of values in which it is convenient the deterministic versus the stochastic approach.


Abstract : A numerical and experimental investigation to determine the thermal effects on the development of the flow structure in large baffled rectangular chambers with and without internal heat sources has been completed. Two- and three-dimensional numerical models were formulated using the time-dependent laminar Navier-Stokes equations assuming a Boussinesq fluid with a Prandtl number of 0.7. Experiments were conducted using a scaled-down model simulated the full-size chamber enabling experimental data to be obtained and subsequently compared with numerical results. Flow visualization experiments were conducted using the larger, full-size chamber. Internal horizontal baffles and heat sources were located symmetrically about the vertical centerline axis. Mixed convection without internal heat sources for both aided and opposed buoyant forces showed that the development of the flow structure was sensitive to small variations in the temperature difference between the inlet and the vertical walls. Mixed convection with internal heat sources showed the flow structure to develop through a series of bifurcations from steady state, to periodic, aperiodic and finally chaotic with increasing heat source temperature. Use of the scaled down laboratory experimental model as an indicator for the flow development in the larger full-size chamber showed significant three-dimensional effects. Flow visualization in the larger full-size chamber using Silahydrocarbon aerosol droplets showed good agreement with two-dimensional numerical results. Keywords: Mixed convection; Thermal effects; Inhalation toxicology; Flow; Exposure chambers; Internal heat sources; Theoretical; Buoyant; Experimental.


The Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Glasgow is pursuing a number of educational initiatives in collaboration with European partners. These initiatives have provided the scope to develop a new undergraduate Master of Engineering course and have created new opportunities at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels for Glasgow students. Currently, Glasgow collaborates with educational institutions in Belfast, Bristol, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Delft, Madrid, Turin, Munich, Stuttgart, Braunschweig, Prague and Brno through European Community funded programmes. This paper describes the form which these collaborative schemes take and highlights the impact which they have had on teaching activities in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at Glasgow. The prospects for further development of existing programmes are discussed and speculations are made as to the long-term benefits of enhanced cross-border cooperation in Aerospace Engineering education.


Numerical modeling of CO₂ water heater was conducted prior to optimal design of medium and large sized CO₂ water heater, and the experimental test with small sized CO₂ water heater having heat capacity of 4 kW was completed to verify the present numerical model. The present model estimated the experimental data of COP(coefficient of performance), heating capacity, and the hot water outlet temperature within the range of 3% to 8% of mean deviation. As increase of EEV(electric expansion valve) opening area, decreasing of heating capacity and the hot water outlet temperature, and increasing of COP were found in both experimental and numerical investigation.


Double helical coils are becoming more and more attractive for accelerator magnets and other applications. Conceptually, a sinusoidal modulation of the longitudinal position of the turns allows virtually any multipolar field to be produced and maximizes the effectiveness of the supplied ampere turns. Being intrinsically three-dimensional, the modeling of such structures is very complicated, and several approaches, with different degrees of complexity, can be used. In this paper we present various possibilities for solving the magnetostatic problem of a double helical coil, through both finite element analyses and direct integration of the Biot–Savart law, showing the limits and advantages of each solution and the corresponding information which can be derived.


This paper presents a framework for automated generation of executable test code from UML 2.0 protocol state machines. It supports several coverage criteria for state models, including state coverage, transition coverage, and basic and extended round-trip coverage. It transforms the state invariants and transition postconditions of a state model into executable assertions to be verified against the actual object states by runtime code instrumentation. Handcrafted test data are reused from one development version to the next due to the change of requirements. This reduces the working load for test regeneration of modified models. Our framework also reports the complexity of generated test suites, which can facilitate empirical evaluation of different coverage criteria for state models.


The use of glued laminated timber (glulam) in building and construction provides a designer with an attractive, environmentally friendly alternative to steel and concrete. However, along with other engineering materials, glulam is subject to creep and in order to use it efficiently without the risk of unacceptable long-term deflections occurring, a reliable method of estimating creep in glulam is desirable.

With this mind, the Structural Timber Research Unit (STRU) at the University of Brighton embarked, in 1988, on an extensive glulam research programme. Since then, the deflection of prepared glulam specimens has been measured in the laboratory under controlled conditions and in 1992, the programme was broadened to include measurements to determine the behaviour of glulam in full-scale structures.

A number of test sites have been established in a variety of buildings and the method chosen to monitor glulam beams in these is theodolite intersection using a Leica Electronic Coordinate Determination System (ECDS3). Borrowed from industrial and engineering surveying, the use of the theodolite intersection technique to monitor glulam is unique and it has, despite the practical difficulties and size of structure involved, enabled the movement of beams to be monitored with an accuracy of 0.1 mm.

By processing three-dimensional intersection coordinates, vertical deflections and creep have been determined and results show that the creep response of the glulam beams monitored in full-scale structures can be represented by a seasonally modulated exponential function. This correlates well to results from the laboratory tests and demonstrates that measurements taken in the laboratory can predict the behaviour of glulam in-situ. The creep factors obtained also agree well with the values given for these in Eurocode 5: Design of Timber Structures.


The flowfields associated with truncated annular plug nozzles of varying lengths are studied both experimentally and using computational tools. The nozzles are designed to observe wake structure transition for the range of pressure ratios considered. A classification of the open wake regime is proposed for comparing and analyzing the plug flowfields. The three-dimensional relief experienced by the annular plug flow leads to greater wave interactions on the plug surface as compared with linear plug flow, resulting in a delayed transition of the base wake. The Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes based solvers employed in the studies could predict the plug surface flow accurately, whereas they exhibited limitations with regard to plug base flow predictions. Based on the experimental data generated, an empirical model for predicting closed wake base pressure is proposed and compared with other models available in literature.


The gas porosity is one of the most serious problems in the casting of aluminum. There are several degassing methods that have been studied. During smelting of aluminum, the intermetallic compound (IMC) may be formed at the interface between molten aluminum and solid steel of crucible furnace lining. In this study, the effect of degassing treatment on the formations of IMC has been investigated. The rectangular substrate specimens were immersed in a molten aluminum bath. The holding times of the substrate immersions were in the range from 300 s to 1500 s. Two degassing treatments, argon degassing and hexachloroethane tablet degassing, were conducted to investigate their effect on the IMC formation. The IMC was examined under scanning electron microscope with EDX attachment. The thickness of the IMC layer increased with increasing immersion time for all treatments. Due to the high content of hydrogen, substrate specimens immersed in molten aluminum without degasser had IMC layer which was thicker than others. Argon degassing treatment was more effective than tablet degassing to reduce the IMC growth. Furthermore, the hard and brittle phase of IMC, FeAl 3 , was formed dominantly in specimens immersed for 900 s without degasser while in argon and tablet degasser specimens, it was formed partially.


2 Abstract: Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in function and a decrease in the body's ability to maintain homeostasis. This study aimed to examine the effect of green tea extract (GTE) on some parameters of liver and kidney functions and ultrastructure, serum lipid profile and hematological parameters in aged rats. A total of 20 Albino male rats of 24 months old were divided into two groups of 10 rats each. Rats in the first group were administered 300 mg/kg bwt. GTE daily for 14 weeks and the second group was kept as a control.Control group aged rats exhibited a significant decrease in liver and kidney functions, increase in serum lipids profile and decrease in hematological parameters. Treatment of aged rats with GTE caused a significant increase in levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/ globulin (A/G) ratio, blood hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets counts and level of liver and kidney reduced glutathione (GSH). Also, a significant decrease in the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and liver and kidney levels of lipid peroxidation product,malondialdehyde (MDA) and a highly significant decrease in levels of total lipids, total cholesterol and triglycerides compared to control rats. Electron microscopic examination of the liver and kidney in GTE treated rats revealed clear improvement of the hepatocytes' mitochondria and the rough endoplasmic reticulum compared to control aged rats. Also the bile canaliculi were not dilated as they were in control aged rats. While treatment of kidney with GTE did not induce the same degree of improvement in the ultrastructure as seen in liver but the glomerular capillaries returned normal without dilatation and the filtration slit membrane became intact again but large amount of collagen fibers were still associated with it. There was excessive blood infiltration between the tubules. In conclusion, GTE treatment was able to reverse the impairment in liver and kidney functions and architecture and reduced the negative impact on hematological parameters and serum lipid profile accompanied with aging in rats so it could be recommended as an anti-aging phytochemical for other animals.


The article describes the experience of using various software products in the format of distance learning during the pandemic. During the study, the results of a survey of students on the impact of switching to a remote mode of work on their learning and the formation of digital literacy were analyzed


Abstract Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of salmonid whirling disease, has been implicated in year-class losses of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in several rivers in Colorado. The hypothesis that other factors, such as elevated water temperature, bacterial pathogens, and gas supersaturation, are contributing to these year-class losses was tested in a laboratory setting. Fingerling rainbow trout were exposed to all combinations of these stressors for 6 months. Mortality and morbidity were evaluated for each of the test groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mortality was significantly affected by exposure to M. cerebralis (P = 0.0002) and elevated water temperature (P = 0.0002). Morbidity was significantly affected by exposure to M. cerebralis (P = 0.0001). A significant linear increase (P = 0.0020) in mortality was observed with M. cerebralis infection and addition of all combinations of one, two, and three stress factors.


Power grid dispatching is a complex system engineering, and its working pattern and operation principle are implicit in the operation behavior of the dispatcher's daily work. This paper proposes a method which applies the big data technology to mine the operation patterns of grid dispatching. Firstly, data preprocessing is performed on a large number of historical operational records through session division, routine distinguishing and page hierarchy division, where a method of dynamically determining session division threshold and routine distinguishing reference value based on statistical indicators is proposed. Then, the clustering model based on session similarity and affinity propagation algorithm is adopted. This algorithm clusters the operation records after data preprocessing to find the daily operation behavior pattern of the dispatcher. The operation log data of a regional dispatching center in China is taken as an example to verify the algorithm. The results show that the method can effectively identify the operational behavior pattern in power grid dispatching, which provides strong support for the application of auxiliary decision based on the operating mode.


The purpose of the study is to clarify the effect and mechanism of magnetic fields on freeze processes in aqueous solutions. In the present study, an ice crystal formation process in biological aqueous solutions under pulsed train magnetic fields (PMF) of up to 325 T/s at 6.5 mT was observed. The pulsed magnetic field generators were set in a freezer, which controlled the temperature between 10C and −30 °C. During ice formation in the aqueous solution, disk-like ice crystal domains appeared, and the PMF-exposure exhibited a vibration of floating objects in the induced electric field directions under the cooled condition when the pulsed train frequency was changed between 10 and 17 Hz. In the freezing process of the aqueous solution with NaCl, the scattered light transmission of the ion containing the aqueous solution increased in the early phase of freezing, and then began to decrease during the late phase when the ice coagulation proceeded. The PMF exposure enhanced the light-scattering increase and decr...


Auditor rotation is an important supervising method for constructing an order of CPA undertaking and avoiding accounting frauds.The capital market of China which is characterized with the administrative power and relationship affects the ownership structure arrangement and resources allocation models of accounting firms,as a result,the phenomenon of personalized client resources control arises.This practice is quite different from the western developed countries in terms of the micro-operation of government supervision policy.This prevents the internal governance of accounting firms and calls for the auditor rotation in the audit market.Therefore,it is an important measure to transform the auditor's personal clients resources into the organization capital of accounting forms with the view to improving the quality effect of auditor rotation.


This article is devoted to the understanding of the importance of seasonal use of grasslands in the occupation of the Eurasian steppe during the Bronze Age. The pilot section of the research is Kalmykia – a steppe situated between the lower Volga and the Don rivers. We have to look at specific strategies of using local environments, river valleys, upland plateaux, and open steppe lands. During the third millennium BC, pastoralists of the Yamnaya and Catacomb cultures began to exploit the Eurasian steppe grasslands and they had to take advantage of the seasonal variation in steppe vegetation to create a sustainable economy. Seasonal use of grasslands became the main feature of the definition of pastoralism. This is the first time that early steppe materials have been analysed for seasonal data. On the basis of a combination of the seasonal data, settlement data and recent chronological information, a preliminary reconstruction is presented of two contrasting periods of land use for the third millennium BC.


Aukema, Juliann E.; Carey, Andrew B. 2008. Effects of variable-density thinning on understory diversity and heterogeneity in young Douglas-fir forests. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-575. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 20 p. Nine years after variable-density thinning (VDT) on the Forest Ecosystem Study, we examined low understory vegetation in 60 plots of eight stands (four pairs of VDT and control). We compared native, exotic, ruderal, and nonforest species richness among the stands. We used clustering, ordination, and indicator species analysis to look for distinctive patches of plant associations. Native, exotic, ruderal, and nonforest plant species diversity were higher in VDT stands compared to control stands for both forests. Differentiation of the understory into multiple distinct vegetation patches was not definitive, but there were trends toward greater heterogeneity in VDT stands.


Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in graphene couple strongly to surface optical (SO) phonons in the substrate leading to hybridized surface phonon-plasmon polaritons (SPPPs). Moreover, unlike conventional SPPs in metals, graphene SPPPs can be tuned in situ through the modulation of the carrier density by electrostatic gating, covering the mid-IR to THz range. Here we demonstrate that surface acoustic wave (SAW) can be used to generate propagating SPPPs in graphene/h-BN and graphene/hBN/graphene heterostructures on piezoelectric substrates over a broad energy range. h-BN between the graphene and the piezoelectric substrate not only significantly changes the SPPP dispersion but also enhances the lifetime as compared to the previously studied graphene/piezoelectric system [1]. The SPP dispersion of graphene splits into multiple branches due to the coupling with the SO phonons of both h-BN and piezoelectric substrate [2]. In addition, hyperbolic phonon branches appear in the case of multilayer h-BN. Moreover, the addition of a second graphene layer is shown to further disperse and strengthen the SPPPs, providing greater robustness and tunability for future SAW-based plasmonic devices. References


An effort has been made in this study to examine the trend of area, production, export and import of different fruits in India. The growth rate found to be 3.18, 4.72 and 1.48 percent per annum for area, production and productivity of fruits, respectively. The productivity of fruits in India increased from 9.96 MT/Ha to 14.2 MT/Ha during the year 1991–92 to 2014–15. The result showed that export of fruits increased over the years which is good for the growth of a country but as far as commodities (with low value addition) are concerned, India's volume of imports were growing at a much higher rate than the growth rate for exports. With modern packaging and fruit treatment technologies there is considerable more value addition to the exportation of fresh fruits. But, yet a lot needs to be done in this sector by improving the efficiency of production and quality of fruits in order to stabilize the markets and also to make product acceptable and price competitive in other importing countries.


THE ACCENTUAL POWER OF OLD PRUSSIAN PRIMARY NOMINAL MORPHEMES Summary The article presents the first attempt to describe the Old Prussian accentuation system based on the main principles of morphological accentology. It aims to distinguish accentual properties of morphemes that determine the placement of stress in primary (non-derived) Old Prussian nouns. At least one accentual property of morphemes (roots and inflexions), i.e. accentual power (strong vs. weak), could be distinguished. Strong root morphemes are roots that remain stressed in all forms of a paradigm, while the weak ones are those that lack stress in at least one form. Thus nouns with strong roots (eg. grīkai, kaulei, crixtiānimans , rūkai, wijrai (wijrimans); kīrki, kurpi, mūti, rīki, tapali; most probably also uremmans, wirdemmans; also possibly kaāubri, strigli) belong to the constant stem-stress class, while nouns with weak roots (eg. gallū, gennāmans , mensā, mergūmans , widdewū; semmē; also possibly waikammans, kermenes) belong to the mobile stress class. Strong inflexional morphemes are those that are stressed in position after weak roots (eg. nom. sg. fem. -ā ( -ū ), -ē ; nom. pl. masc. ai; dat. pl. -āmans (-ūmans), -amans), while the weak ones are never stressed (eg. acc. sg. -an , -in ; -ans, -ins; also possibly nom. pl. of ā -, ē -, i-, u -stems, acc. pl. and dat. sg. of all flexional types and gen. sg. of ā -stem).


Objective(s): The aim of present study is to formulate mefenamic acid transdermal gel based on vesicular drug delivery approaches.Materials and Methods: For the preparation of mefenamic acid transdermal gel, transfersomes were selected as colloidal carriers. Transfersomes were prepared by hand shaking and thin film hydration techniques. The obtained transfersomes were characterized for vesicular diameter, zeta potential, drug content, entrapment efficiency and in vitro diffusion studies.Results: Among Different formulations of transfersomes, T10(prepared by thin film hydration and containing soya lecithin: span60 ratio 1:2) was considered as the best formulation because of its mean vesicular diameter of 369 nm, zeta potential of -14 mV, drug content of 99.6%, entrapment efficiency of 84.4%, and sustained drug release of 93.3% after 12 h.T10 formulation was incorporated into gel. Comparative study was made among plain gel, and transfersomal gel. Among these two gels, transfersomal gel considered as best because of its highest drug content (91%), spreadability (43.5 g.cm/sec), pH (6.9) and sustained drug release profile for 12 h.Conclusion: By comparing  hand shaking and thin film hydration techniques, it was found thin film hydration technique produced better results and transfersomal gel was indicated better results than plain gel.


Addition and removal of phosphate from tyrosyl residues of proteins is an important mechanism for regulating the function and localization of proteins within the cell. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) are the family of enzymes that function to remove the phosphate specifically from phosphotyrosyl containing proteins. Protein tyrosine phosphatases act in concert with protein tyrosine kinases to provide intricate mechanisms for the regulation of cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, cell adhesion, and metabolism. This thesis revolves around the genetic analysis of protein tyrosine phosphatase-epsilon. This PTP exists as two isoforms a transmembranecontaining receptor-like PTP having a small extracellular domain linked to two tandem phosphatase domains via a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular form containing a unique N-terminus attached to the two tandem phosphatase domains. The juxtamembrane region of the receptor-like form is common with the intracellular form and is defined as two exons in the mouse genome. Through the deletion of the transmembrane and first juxtamembrane exons of the Ptpre gene in mouse R l embryonic stem cells using homologous recombination followed by Cre mediated excision of LoxP flanked exons we have generated mice mutant for these two forms of PTP-epsilon. The objectives of this thesis is to determine the functional role of the isoforms of protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (PTP-e) through loss-offunction analysis in the mouse, and to test the hypothesis that murine PTP-e is


Computational methods are used to assign functions to many of the genes discovered by the genome projects and recent studies have shown that the degree of misannotation that results may be significant. Combining independent approaches based on homology and genome context to assign overall function and extrapolate details of chemical mechanism may result in fewer misannotations. Using a "mechanistically diverse superfamily" framework, we have clustered highly divergent sequences and structures from proteins in the glutathione reductase superfamily and correlated the conserved aspects of their chemical mechanisms with invariant structural features. We have clustered 1600 superfamily sequences into 9 subgroups comprising 15 families and extrapolated chemical mechanisms for characterized members to annotate hypothetical proteins assigned to each family. Independent support for these assignments was provided from genome context and co‐evolution profiles linking uncharacterized members to characterized proteins in each family. Further, comparisons of the active sites of the structurally characterized members of the superfamily illustrate how all have retained common structural characteristics to facilitate a hydride transfer between pyridine nucleotide and FAD, despite wide divergence in overall functions. Conserved aspects of chemical mechanism have also imposed constraints on the binding configuration of cofactors in the active sites, resulting in overall structural similarities and modes of protein‐protein interaction.


Offshore West Africa stands out as the area of the world with the decade's most dramatic changes in exploration concepts. The west African coast has provinces, such as offshore Nigeria, that are established as long-time, prolific hydrocarbon resource centers, and other countries, such as Equatorial Guinea, which have entered the limelight recently. Underexplored West African provinces include countries such as Namibia and Sierra Leone/Liberia. In retrospect, it appears obvious that the first deepwater discoveries occurred in areas in which exploration plays and production on the shelf were very well established, for example Angola and Nigeria. The critical step of exploration beyond the shelf was a logical outgrowth. In this special section we see that some developing countries have the "heads-up" benefit of 3D seismic. Wells are being drilled in deepwater without the first stage of extensive shelf development.


The ability to measure, track over time, and compare memory ability for people with neurodegeneration is important. However, currently, full comparability of memory test data is limited by a lack of quality assurance of memory measurements. At AAIC 2021, we presented a preliminary item bank to assess memory, composed by selecting items from legacy tests according to metrological principles through use of the Rasch model and with item equivalence based on entropy.


Objective To explore nursing care intervention for operative therapy effect of breast cancer patients. Methods To observe sick circumstances strictly for 197 case breast cancer patients during perioperative period, formulate nursing measures and adapting accord to nursing procedure,made them accept operation and recover smoothly.Results By nursing care intervention of health education,psychological care, diet guidance,sick side up limb function to take exercise ,resolving psychological and physical problem of breast cancer patients during perioperative period, increasing their confidence to overcome disease.Conclusion By nursing intervention for breast cancer patients during perioperative period, increasing their therapy compliance,make them complete treatment successfully,so improving their long-term exist rate and life quality.


Remote sensing [RS] of hydrologic processes is becoming increasingly popular tool for frequent, consistent, reliable and cost-effective hydrologic data collection and monitoring. Remote Sensing and space borne measurement systems are in use to observe, detect, and monitor hydrologic parameters such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and vegetation, etc. However, the satellite-based measurements are prone to errors due to a number of factors related to the atmosphere, environment, sensor sensitivity, and the instrument itself. Remote Sensing data need proper analysis, calibration, and validation before its implementation to real life problems. Amongst other hydrologic measurements, rainfall is also measured by satellites. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission [TRMM] was one of the main satellites deployed for precipitation measurements. Like other Remote Sensing measurements, rainfall measurements are also affected by a variety of factors, which necessitate verifying its validity with some reference measurements. In this study, the TRMM measurements are compared with the ground-based measurements, for six gauging stations in Iraqi Kurdistan Region for years between 2000 and 2016, by using various methods. These include arithmetic differences, Pearson's correlation coefficient R, relative bias and root mean square error [RMSE]. It is found that a strong to medium correlation exist between the point measurements and the corresponding satellite pixel measurements.


This paper presents three phase Voltage Source Inverter based STATCOM using Hysteresis current controller for mitigating voltage sag due to sudden increase in load. A STATCOM injects a current to the system such that it negates the effect of nonlinear current waveform generated by load. Three phases Voltage Source Inverter based on MOSFET is designed and firing pulses to the device is given by hysteresis current controller, which produces proper switching frequency to the inverter to manipulate the voltage sag during change in load. Advantage of the proposed method is that it eliminates the need of modulator. This model compensates the voltage sag with efficient and effective manner. Because of its fast dynamic response to any disturbance, the STATCOM offer improved quality of supply by giving an inherently faster response and greater output to a system with depressed voltage. The STATCOM using Hysteresis current controller scheme in distribution system for power quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. The results produced by this method are validated with the Statcom using space vector modulation technique.


In the first essay, entitled "A subnational analysis of poverty convergence: Evidence from India and Pakistan", I analyze the subnational patterns of changes in poverty within the framework of poverty convergence. I also analyze the two distinct effects of poverty at the subnational level in India and Pakistan. In the second essay, entitled "A subnational analysis of inequality convergence: evidence from India and Pakistan," I investigate whether the income inequalities are persistent overtime at the subnational level in India and Pakistan. In the third and last essay, entitled, "School grants and educational outcomes: The impact of the non-salary budget reform in Punjab-Pakistan, I study the effects of reform on education outcomes and achievements. I analyzed a decentralized school grant for public schools and address two questions. First, does the provision of a decentralized grant affect the school's human capital and the school's physical infrastructure? Second, does this decentralized grant improve education outcomes and achievements?


W HEN CHARLES LOCKE EASTLAKE'S trend-setting book on the reform of interior design and the manufacture of domestic articles, Hints on Household Taste, was first published in the United States, in 1872, it excited a flurry of interest and controversy that reached its peak in the late 187os, and it continued to affect he appearance of American interiors for years after that. Intended to instruct the masses in the principles of tasteful home decoration, Eastlake's volume was influenced by the design reform movement in England. It expressed his view that furniture should be functional, nonostentatious, simple and rectilinear in form, honestly constructed "without sham or pretense," and ornamented with respect for the intrinsic qualities of the wood as well as the intended uses of the furniture. Eastlake's illustrations of well-designed furniture, which included several of his own sketches, showed a number of ornamental features including shallow carving, marquetry, incised or pierced geometric designs, rows of turned spindles, brass strap hinges, bail handles, and keyhole escutcheons in-


Frank Wilker, Cultural Memories of Origin: Trauma, Memory and Imagery in African American Narratives of the Middle Passage Heidelberg, Germany: Universitatsverlag Winter GmbH, 2017. 302pp. ISBN 978-3-82536192-1 (hardback) Theodora D. Patrona Frank Wilker is a budding scholar who has recently completed his doctoral dissertation and has diligently revised it into an engaging volume published by Universitatsverlag. Well-read and documented in this interdisciplinary study, the eloquent Wilker car...


The overflow of cold dense water from the Denmark Strait is one of the key elements of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation and has important consequences for global climate change. It is important to measure the transport of this water and to understand its variability on seasonal and longer time scales.

The european funded project "Variability of Exchanges in Northern Seas" (VEINS MAS3CT960070) is an attempt to measure variations in the Arctic circulation using modern oceanographic instrumentation.

An Inverted Echo Sounder and Bottom Pressure Recorder were successfully deployed to measure the thickness of this cold dense water and thus determine transport.


This study is an annotated translation of English collocations into Indonesian. The problems of this research are: (1) "What are the difficulties encountered by the researcher in translating English collocation?" and (2) "How are the difficulties solved in translating the English collocation?". The aims of this research are: (1) "To identify the difficulties encountered by the translator in translating English collocation". (2) "To solve the difficulties in translating English collocation". In conducting this annotated translation, the researcher answers the questions in emerge of introspective method. The result of this research, the researcher found there were 20 out of problem in translating English collocation.


We estimated the low-energy light irradiation effect on wound healing by tensile strength of guinea pig back skin with four straight wounds. In order to examine the dependence of the wound healing effect on polarization properties of light, we employed four kinds of polarized lights, namely linear, left-hand circular, right-hand circular, and non-polarized ones. On 8 and 15 days after making wounds on guinea pig back skin, the tensile strength was measured quantitatively. The main results are the following, (1)different polarized lights were found to give rise to different effects about wound healing acceleration. (2)the tensile strength of linear polarized light irradiation group is larger than that of the control group on both 8 and 15 days after making wounds. (3)the tensile strength of left-hand circular polarized light irradiation group is smaller than that of the control group on both 8 and 15 days after making wounds.


Communication and collaboration are essential skills that students must master in the 21st century. These skills can be raised and improved through systematic learning, such as the STEM approach. This study aims to determine the effect of STEM-based e-learning applications on high school students' 2C (communication and collaboration) skills on wave material. This type of research was quasi-experimental, using the pretest-posttest method. The population of this study was 11th-grade students of the science program at public senior high school number 2 Palembang. Data analysis techniques used quantitative data analysis techniques to analyze the data collected from students' 2C skills achievement scores. The results of data analysis on the average pretest on communication skills got a value of 54, while collaboration skill was 55. After applying STEM-based e-learning on wave material, the average post-test scores on communication and collaboration skills were 82.7 and 85.7. It showed that the students' 2C skills increased after using STEM-based e-learning on wave material. The main finding of this study was that the application of STEM-based e-learning on wave material effectively improved students' 2C (communication and collaboration) skills. It was evidenced by the analysis results of the N-gain test, which showed that students with communication skills scored 0.62 in the medium category and 0.68 in the medium category for collaboration skills.


Introduction: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) grafts are the only option for a significant minority of patients who require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) but lack a suitable related or unrelated donor. While UCB can serve as a suitable 'off the shelf' graft for many patients, units with the best HLA match often contain low and sometimes insufficient numbers of CD34+ cells for use in transplantation, particularly for adult patients. Furthermore, UCB grafts contain lower CD34+ cells number compared to BM or PBSC grafts, which leads to longer engraftment times and a higher risk of graft failure. BM and PBSC grafts are usually injected intravenously, homing to the bone marrow after several hours in the circulation. During this time, CD34+ cells are lost in the lungs, liver and spleen with typically < 20% making it to the bone marrow.1 Investigators have sought to overcome the limitation of low cell dose in UCB grafts and loss of CD34+ cells in the circulation by injecting CD34+ cells directly into the bone marrow space. However, we have recently shown that conventional intrabone delivery methods used in investigational trials to transplant UCB, result in low-level retention of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the intrabone space. Recently, we developed an optimized intrabone (OIB) transplant method using computer controlled low pressure and low volume injection (controlled infusion rate <0.2ml/min, total volume <5ml) under CT guidance. Utilizing porcine and rhesus macaque models, we have shown that OIB delivery of CD34+ cells improves intrabone retention, preventing circulation of CD34+ cells through the lungs, which is observed with conventional non-optimized intrabone methods.2 Here we conducted experiments using an autologous myeloablative transplant model in rhesus macaques comparing engraftment of gene-marked CD34+ cells transplanted intravenously, with cells transplanted using OIB delivery.
 Methods: Rhesus macaques received GCSF and plerixafor mobilization prior to apheresis. Products were CD34+ selected using Miltenyi beads. CD34+ cells were split equally for transduction with lentiviral vectors encoding the reporters GFP and YFP. After myeloablative conditioning with 10Gy total body irradiation, half the graft was injected directly intra-bone using the OIB method, with the other half of the autograft simultaneously being injected intravenously via slow iv push. Peripheral blood samples were measured daily by flow cytometry to assess the proportion of engrafting cells deriving from each source. To address whether OIB transplantation could allow engraftment of low CD34+ cell numbers, as found in UCB units, the cell doses transplanted in one rhesus macaque recipient were reduced to only 0.5 x 106CD34+ cells/kg.
 Results: CD34+ cells injected intrabone utilizing the OIB method engrafted in all 3 animals. However, flow cytometric analysis gating on GFP vs YFP positive neutrophils showed CD34+ cells injected utilizing OIB delivery did not engraft quicker than IV transplanted cells. Sequential monitoring of neutrophils over 30 days showed the contribution to hematopoiesis of OIB delivered cells was significantly lower than the cells injected IV (Table 1.)
 Conclusions: We developed a novel intrabone delivery system that optimizes the retention of CD34+ cells into the bone marrow space. Although autologous CD34+ cells injected using this OIB transplant method were capable of engrafting in rhesus macaques that had undergone myeloablative conditioning, they did not engraft faster and contributed less to hematopoiesis than CD34+ cells simultaneously transplanted using conventional IV infusion. These data raise questions over whether intrabone delivery, even when using techniques to optimize intrabone retention, has utility in improving CD34+ cell engraftment.
 References:
 1. Van der Loo JC et al. Marrow and spleen seeding efficiencies of all murine hematopoietic stem cell subsets are de- creased by preincubation with hematopoietic growth factors. Blood. 1995; 85:2598-2606
 2. Pantin et. al. Optimization of intrabone delivery of hematopoietic progenitor cells in a swine model using cell radiolabeling with 89zirconium. American J Transplant. 2015 Mar;15(3):606-17.

 Davidson: Macrogenics: Employment. Pantin:NIH: Patents & Royalties: a patent application for an intrabone delivery device. Dunbar:National Institute of Health: Research Funding.


Equations are provided for calculating boiling point, density, refractive index, critical temperature, pressure and density, acentric factor, surface tension and solubility parameter of single carbon number (SCN) hydrocarbon groups for C6-C50 existing in crude oils and hydrocarbon-plus fractions. Results show good consistency among various properties and improvement over the values previously reported. These methods should enhance equation-ofstate (EOS) predictions when experimental data are lacking.


This paper provides the information of the products and the feed for crude fractionator, hard to get from hardware system, by using the inferential model of real-time operating conditions. By adopting two steps, the characteristic of each pro duct follows the probability function and the variables of the function depend on operating system and conditions. The characteristi c of products and feed was obtained to do more efficient operation. PLS method was used to make the inferential model.


According to the survey conducted on mental issues of ecological migration in Tarim river,the paper analyzes ethnological mental acceptance based on the systematic description about mental characteristics of ecological migrations.


The stability tension of laminating production system is one of the key techniques to ensure the product quality.A tension control system developed by using S7-300 PLC of SIEMENS Co is studied.The real production result shows that the system can run steadily and control precision can satisfy the demand of user.


Khaos Company offers a short story written with the intent to provide Marines with the perspective of what it is like to operate and fight at the company- and small-unit levels in operations of such a large scale and scope. This is a story about how a small yet cohesive company of Marines experienced chaos, friction, uncertainty, surprise, failure, success, relationships, and executed the maneuver warfare principles outlined in the Marine Corps' doctrinal warfighting philosophy.


1. Introduction 880 2. Resonant paramagnetic absorption of sound 881 3. Crystals containing ions of the iron group 881 4. Ions with an effective spin S' > 1/2 883 5. Effect on Ni2+ ions in an MgO crystal 885 6. Ions with effective spin S' = 1/2 886 7. Crystals containing ions of the rare earth elements 886 8. Crystals containing paramagnetic ions in S-states 888 9. The Waller mechanism 888 10. Acoustic paramagnetic resonance and spin-lattice relaxation in ionic crystals 889 11. Metals 890 12. Experimental investigations of electronic acoustic paramagnetic resonance 891 13. Acoustic paramagnetic resonance on nuclei 893 14. Experimental investigations of acoustic paramagnetic resonance on nuclei 894 15. Shape of the acoustic paramagnetic resonance line 895 16. Pulse methods for investigating acoustic paramagnetic resonance 897 17. Double resonance. Possible applications of acoustic paramagnetic resonance 899 18. Nonresonant paramagnetic absorption of sound 900 19. Conclusion 902 Literature references 902


Accelerating global climate change drives new climate risks. People around the world are researching, designing, and implementing strategies to manage these risks. Identifying and implementing sound climate risk management strategies poses nontrivial challenges including ( a) linking the required disciplines, ( b) identifying relevant values and objectives, ( c) identifying and quantifying important uncertainties, ( d) resolving interactions between decision levers and the system dynamics, ( e) quantifying the trade-offs between diverse values under deep and dynamic uncertainties, ( f) communicating to inform decisions, and ( g) learning from the decision-making needs to inform research design. Here we review these challenges and avenues to overcome them. ▪  People and institutions are confronted with emerging and dynamic climate risks. ▪  Stakeholder values are central to defining the decision problem. ▪  Mission-oriented basic research helps to improve the design of climate risk management strategies.


Because this first Journal of 1999 ref professional education, I sought the opportunityt' related themes: certification and motivation. We may the first as purely technical and the second as mainly behavioral, but the concepts do converge. Similarly, careers can benefit from the communications we link together. AGA's events and publications provide a forum for considering connections in careers wherever they may be--testimonials, training, research, news and networks-to enhance our development as government financial management professionals. Dynamic Partners Many AGA members know that the Certified Government Financial Manager (CGFM) Program has a new partner. For readers who might not have heard, AGA and the America Society of Military Comptrollers (ASMC) are w ing together to develop a test-based program of c ification for Department of Defense (DoD) financial+*anagement professionals. Informal discussions be gm 1995. Current strides are based on agreements gene ed between AGA and ASMC during the last two years. My own career has added e new connections as well. In January, after five rewarrg and learning-filled years at AGA, I reentered gove t employment. I'm continuing my prior 15 years of fe ral service (formerly at the U.S. General Account Office), in a new position with DFAS-the Defe inance and Accounting Service-within its Human ources Directorate, Business Operations Division. I'll expand DFAS's evolving role as the prime agent in financial management training for the DoD. One project includes helping to implement a Defense Financial Management Certification (DFMC) examination by June 2000. This separate designation will be awarded to passing candidates by ASMC itself, using guidance and quality criteria from the CGFM Program. Another aspect involves ensuring that quality training is available for exam preparation and continuing professional education. DFAS has a strong commitment to the professional development of defense financial managers, and certification and training are key elements in its multifaceted career programs. ASMC is the nonprofit educational and professional organization for persons-military and civilian-working in the field of military comptrollership. Based near AGA's National Office in Alexandria, VA, ASMC serves a growing professional society of 18,000 members in the financial management professions within the DoD and Coast Guard, as well as numerous colleagues in related government agencies and consulting firms. The ASMC-DFAS-AGA connections will result in meaningful certifications and training for both the defense and civilian financial management communities. "It Interested Me" In this section, I'm not planning to deal with new certification requirements, courses or the potential career rewards. Actually, they were rather far from my mind as I began to outline this article last fall. Before the defense certification news was firm, my thoughts were to share some views on motivation as an often overlooked element in careers. …


A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method with isocratic solvent system has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of eight of cephalosporins antibiotics (Cefepime Hydrochloride, Ceftazidime, Ceftiofur Sodium, Cefotaxime Sodium, Ceftriaxone Sodium, Cefoperazone Sodium, Cephradine and Cefazolin Sodium) in pharmaceutical formulations with run time of 35 min. The best separation was obtained by using a 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d, 5.0 μm particle size C8 reversed phase Agilent column and 0.1 M ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.6): Acetonitril, 95:5 (v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. UV detection was conducted at 250 nm and column temperature at 30° C. The method linearity achieved over the concentration range of 0.5-50 μg/ mL with correlation coefficient (r2= 0.9999) for each studied cephalosporins. The developed method achieved lower limits of detection (0.018 µg/mL: 0.03 µg/mL) and lower limits of quantification (0.056 µg/mL: 0.09 µg/mL).
The suggested method is highly sensitive, accurate, precise, and could be used for quality control assay and routine analysis for this group of cephalosporins in pharmaceutical formulations.


Mitochondrial ATPase ATAD3A is essential for cholesterol transport, mitochondrial structure, and cell survival. However, the relationship between ATAD3A and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is largely unknown. In this study, we found that ATAD3A was upregulated in the progression of NAFLD in livers from rats with diet‐induced non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and in human livers with NAFLD. CRISPR‐Cas9 was used to delete ATAD3A function in Huh7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to assess the influence of ATAD3A deletion on liver cells with free cholesterol (FC) overload induced by treatment with cholesterol plus 58035, an inhibitor for acetyl‐CoA acetyltransferase, the enzyme converting FC to cholesterol ester. The results showed that ATAD3A KO exacerbated FC accumulation under FC overload in Huh7 cells. Triglyceride (TG) levels were also significantly increased in ATAD3A KO Huh7 cells under FC overload and control conditions via inhibited lipolysis mediated by upregulation of perilipin 2. Moreover, loss of ATAD3A downregulated mitophagy‐associated PTEN‐induced kinase 1 expression in Huh7 cells under FC overload and control conditions, suggesting that ATAD3A KO blocks mitophagy. Consistently, mitochondrial mass was increased in ATAD3A KO cells under FC overload as indicated by mitochondrial protein translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOM20). The results also showed that loss of ATAD3A impaired mitochondrial basal respiration and ATP production in Huh7 cells under FC overload, accompanied by downregulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase. In conclusion, loss of ATAD3A promotes the progression of NAFLD through the accumulation of FC, TG, and damaged mitochondria in hepatocytes.


The technology has been in development for years. Durability trucks have been running around the clock. Field-testing with fleet operators is complete. And now, this September, the most advanced hybrid technology ever developed for severe-duty Class 8 trucks will be on the streets providing fuel consumption savings of 30% to 50% with a corresponding reduction in CO2 emissions, reduced brake and engine wear, and increased driver productivity.


This chapter contains sections titled: Safety Which AC? Rectification Topology Selection Nonisolated Circuitry Isolation Component Selection EMI Power Factor Correction Lightning Dimmers Ripple Current Effects on LEDs Lifetime UL, Energy Star, and All That


We present the first determination of the 15 µ m luminosity function of galaxies from the European Large Area ISO survey (ELAIS) southern fields. We have adopted a new criterion to separate the quiescent, non-evolving and the starburst, evolving populations based on the ratio of mid-infrared to optical luminosities. Strong evolution is suggested by our data for the starburst galaxy population, while normal spiral galaxies are consistent with no evolution. The starburst population must evolve both in luminosity and in density with rates of the order L ( z ) ∝ (1 + z ) 3 . 5 and ρ ( z ) ∝ (1 + z ) 3 . 8 up to z ∼ 1. The evolutionary parameters of our model have been tested by comparing the model predictions with other observables, like source counts at all flux density levels (from 0.1 to 300 mJy) and redshift distributions and luminosity functions at high- z (0.7 < z < 1.0 from HDF-N data). The agreement between our model predictions and the observed data is remarkably good. We use our data to estimate the star-formation density of the Universe up to z=0.4 and we use the luminosity function model to predict the trend of the star-formation history up to z = 1.


Modeling and simulation of heart valves had been a demanding biomechanical problem due to the variation in anatomy of heart valves, 3D anisotropic material behavior and the pulsatile physiological behavior. The application of Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) models had become a key tool in optimizing the current existing designs of mechanical heart valves which eventually offers constructive and valuable information to the cardiologists. As such, a FSI numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the dynamic behaviors of the leaflets during its opening and closing stage with the presence of pulsatile aortic velocity blood flow and the local phenomena experienced by the blood flow throughout the simulation. Coupling was performed to reach this objective using a commercial computational fluid dynamics package in ANSYS. The prosthetic mitral valve was modeled together with the inlet and outlet of the aortic tract to simulate its actual position in the heart. The pressure and velocity distribution in 1 cardiac cycle were obtained at specified time to differentiate their distributions during systole, peak systole, diastole and peak diastole region. The results obtained were compared with the existing results from related journals. Future work on performing simulation that are closer to the aortic root geometry, and parameters that need to be taken into consideration in future research had been discussed as well to discover the flaws present in the current design and the steps that can be taken to improve them.


A method for synchronizing state data of router link includes adding LSA in its own LSDB when new LSA is generated by send router, judging whether receiving router is busy or not by send router and adding said LSA in retransmission list corresponding to receiving router in send router for carrying out fixed time retransmission if it is or otherwise sending said LSA immediately to receiving router, adding LSA in LSDB of receiving router when said LSA is received by receiving router.


Optical transmitters widely used in CATV network can be categorized into three classes: A-normal transmitter,B-constant input level transmitter and C-constant distortion transmitter.Accordingly,input level tuning of transmitter can be done in two ways: A-tuning with constant distortion and B-tuning with constant S/N ratio.Here we analyzed the quality property,modulation manner and identification of various kind of transmitter with several practical application cases.


Intravitreous injection with combination of vancomycin and aminoglycoside antibiotic is widely used for the treatment of endophthalmitis. Unfortunately, macular infarction was reported as a toxic sequela of aminoglycosides, including gentamicin as well as amikacin which was previously thought to be safe. Retrospective review of 78 cases of endophthalmitis on the files of our department from November 1990 to June 1995 revealed that 69 cases had received intravitreous injection of amikacin or low dose gentamicin. Of these, macular infarction was found in six cases and was implicated in severe visual loss after successful arrest of infectious endophthalmitis. Aminoglycoside-substituting ceftazidime should be considered as a safe alternative.


Large excesses of a chain transfer agent, carbon tetrachloride, were introduced to a recipe for the mutual radiation grafting of styrene to cellulose acetate film. The effect of the carbon tetrachloride on the molecular characteristics as well as the reverse osmosis and time dependent mechanical properties of resulting graft copolymers was determined. Extremely short side chains were generated as a consequence of the high concentrations of chain transfer agent and the composite results further suggest that the morphology of the grafted films is best described as "destructured" or internally plasticized consequent to grafting in the presence of CCl4. Reverse osmosis fluxes increased with percent graft; salt rejection was high and unaffected by per cent graft up to 40% graft; and the tensile creep under wet conditions was significantly retarded by the grafting. These effects were shown to accrue from grafting per se by control experiments involving α-methylstyrene which will not propagate to form a polymer under these conditions. These results are compared and contrasted with earlier work on grafting in the absence of CCl4 where long side chains of polystyrene were generated resulting in a structuring of the polymer involving domains of polystyrene-rich material and domains of cellulose acetate rich polymer.


Normal right‐handed subjects (15 male and 15 female) localized 5‐s complex sounds without head movements from one of seven small loud speakers (separated by 30° on the azimuth) under two conditions. In the first, the "target" sound was presented in isolation (the speakers in the unused positions being silent). In the second condition the same target was used but six discriminably different sounds were also present—each emanating from a different loudspeaker. Under the first condition there was no significant right‐left asymmetry in localization accuracy in normal or temporal lobectomized subjects (33). In the second condition, a right auditory field superiority in localization accuracy was observed for the 30 normal subjects (p < 0.0003). The right anterior temporal lobectomized subjects also exhibited the (normal) right field superiority (p <0.001), while left anterior temporal resections appeared to obliterate this normal asymmetry. These effects may derive from the larger auditory association cortex (planum temporale) on the left side which may be involved in localizing sounds in a complex auditory field. [Work supported by Research Service, Veteran Administration.]


Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify, localize and characterize various traumatic brachial plexus pathologies with the help of newer MR techniques. MRI enables the differentiation of preganglionic from postganglionic injuries, a distinction that is critical in management decisions. Materials & Methods: 34 patients presenting with traction injuries of the brachial plexus were included in the study. T1W and T2W coronal, sagittal and axial images of the cervical spine and oblique coronal images of the brachial plexus were obtained with 2 mm thickness with Diffusion Weighted Imaging with Background Suppression and Fat saturation Contrast Enhanced T1 Weighted transverse and oblique-coronal scan. Ethical committee clearance for the study was obtained. Results: The results were classified into 4 major categories (normal rootlet, rootlet injuries, avulsion, and meningocele).The results were compared with surgical findings, intraoperative neurophysiology and subsequent clinical progress. Surgery for exploration and repair have been performed in 30 of 34 patients scanned. Evidence of root avulsion was seen in 24 patients. There were no false positives. MRI underestimated the number of individual roots avulsed; sensitivity was 94%. Post-ganglionic injuries were seen in 8 cases. 4 patients, in whom T1WI and T2WI were normal, were found to have abnormal signal intensities predominantly in post-ganglionic segments on DWIBS. It was possible to define the level of the injury within the plexus. Enhancement of intradural nerve roots and root stumps suggested functional impairment of nerve roots despite morphologic continuity. Abnormal enhancement of paraspinal muscles is an indirect sign of root avulsion injury.


Trauma is undoubtedly transmitted from Holocaust survivors to succeeding generations, yet the transmitted psychological effects are the most potent as they impact multiple realms of successors' lives. The second generation in particular, as they are the first group to come after survivors, intake it uniquely, as their parents are the ones who first experience the Holocaust. In Art Spiegelman's Maus and Anne Michaels's Fugitive Pieces, the second generation must cope with how their parents have been impacted by the Holocaust. In relation to Marianne Hirsch's idea of "postmemory" and Esther Faye's theory on how the second generation remembers the Holocaust, these affected members of the second generation absorb the stories of their parents, but also carry them onto their own living. As protagonists Art and Ben reveal in their stories, the lives of their parents are not separate from their own. From relationships to identity, the trauma transcends and psychologically impacts their daily lives. Both Art and Ben hold the weight that comes from their parents. In these works, it is revealed that postmemory is not just the past stories that have been transmitted, but moreover, the psychological implications that the inherited trauma has on successors. The second generation, as proven by Art and Ben, inherit their parents' trauma in forms that go beyond stories, and seep into the psyche. ART SPIEGELMAN'S MAUS Art Spiegelman's graphic memoir Maus captures his life as the son of two Holocaust survivors, a replacement child, and a transmitter of their story, and these identities mold him. In both volumes of Maus, Art seeks to convey the history with what he can obtain through his father, Vladek, but must struggle simultaneously with his current antics and pressing revelations. By trying to make sense of himself with the past of his parents, Art's psyche is strained. Through the two volumes, Art travels through his parents' stories as they also contribute to his own. Though his relationship with Vladek is not the strongest, the books journey with them as they learn more about each other. The first volume of Maus tells the background of Art's parents in Europe before World War II officially began, while the second recounts their experiences in the camps after being taken away. In both, Art seeks to comprehend and record the facts that were influential to his parents, but simultaneously and inevitably, his own story sneaks into theirs, as he gains clarity and understanding. From childhood experiences to marrying a nonJew, through these volumes, Art reveals how his parents' experiences (especially Vladek's) in the Holocaust have everlasting effects, and were destined to since before Art existed. By yearning for a concrete place in his parents' story, this memoir was born. The pressure to be a good, exemplar son for Vladek and Anja permeates Art's life, as revealed by the experience he shares through the memoir, and this shapes Art's identity. Also born to Holocaust survivors, Dr. Sam Juni expands upon the distinct hardship the second generation faces, particularly in the realm of identity, in his article "Identity Disorders of Second-Generation Holocaust Survivors." As is commonly the case for the second generation, identity is put into the context of being a child of survivors. He refers to the danger of "parentification –where the child is expected to care for parental emotional and practical needs," and when this role swap occurs, the children in the mix struggle with "poor personality F. CHACKO: TRAUMA IN SPIEGELMAN'S MAUS AND MICHAELS'S FUGITIVE PIECES 2 development and diminished relationship building" (Juni 204). Undoubtedly, Art has a personality and relationships, but as he reveals through the memoir, they are strained because they are so entangled with the trauma of his parents. Though Vladek may seem simply senile or jaded, his tendencies seep into the role that Art has to fill, especially for him. As depicted in the panels from page 96 of Maus I, Vladek's stubborn nature leads him to trouble. With his older age and uncompromising mannerisms, Art must be there for him. Not only would it be dangerous if Art was not physically there for Vladek in many situations, but this obligation resounds much more deeply. Prefacing the story-telling with it having been two years since Art and Vladek have seen each other, this absence reveals more. A reconnect may speak to Vladek's ways that could have been overwhelming for Art, and/or, Art's frustration in functioning and identifying as survivors' children. Art's adversity with his father correlates to Hirsch's explanation of "familial postmemory," which results with living in "close proximity to the pain, depression ... who have witnessed and survived massive historical trauma" (34). Art experiences his father as no one else ever does, which is distinctive to his role as his (only) living son. Thus, trauma is not a mere, concrete story that is told and then stored into a memory bank, but rather, an everlasting essence that can be so strong as to jeopardize roles and identity. Art feels he lives in the shadow of his dead brother, and this aggrandizes the trauma inevitably experienced as the second generation. This facet of his complex identity is explored more in the second volume of Maus, subtitled And Here My Troubles Began. As he shares his parents' story, the plot mainly incorporates their time in the camps (the climax of their story during the war), yet Art allows himself to share in that title too. Readers experience more of Art's thinking and position, as he reveals more about his perceived role. As a replacement child, Art's is assumed [to take on] the role of his dead brother, Richieu. Since Richieu was born before the tragedy and did not live to survive it, Vladek and Anja transform that loss into proliferation through Art's birth. This phenomenon is not to be accepted as simply romantic, however. For parents in any circumstance, outliving a child is devastating and seemingly unnatural, but in the context of the Holocaust, it is also a call to action. This act not only correlates to the initiative to bring back the Jewish population that was destroyed by the Holocaust, but on an individual familial basis, the replacement child has the "task of filling the emotional void of parents, carrying the torch of family historical and ... insuring the continuation of the Jewish people" (Juni 204). All of these specific guidelines in being a replacement child are embodied in how Art perceives Richieu. Though obviously not still living, according to Art, Richieu would have been perfect: The photo [of Richieu] never threw tantrums or got in any kind of trouble... It was an ideal kid, and I was a pain in the ass. I couldn't compete. ... He'd have become a doctor, and married a wealthy Jewish girl... the creep. ... It's spooky, having sibling rivalry with a snapshot! (Spiegelman, Maus II, 15). In context of marrying a "wealthy Jewish girl," the article "Trauma in Children of Holocaust Survivors: Transgenerational Effects" by Nechama Sorscher and Lisa Cohen mentions a finding that may affirm or contest part of Art's identity. "Children of survivors who married non-Jews had lower levels of Jewish identification" (Sorscher and Cohen 494), and this speaks to how Art sees himself, but also to how his parents may see him. Despite Françoise converting to Judaism for Art and his family (Spiegelman, Maus II, 11), the disparity he vents about in his previous quote reflects his cultural identity. Though Art may not be blatantly submerged into Jewish culture and customs, his desire to know his parents' story reveals a yearning to be connected and identified with them. Being branded with the responsibility to repair, Art has carried the weight of this since his birth. Fantasizing about Richieu's role contributes to the one Art feels he must own for his parents. As Juni explains, this involuntary phenomenon places a lot of pressure on replacement children. Yet by TCNJ JOURNAL OF STUDENT SCHOLARSHIP VOLUME XXII APRIL 2020 3 responding to what Art's parents expected of him, whether openly stated or not, his sense of self is colored by them. Art is an embodiment of the past –as eerie or stressful as that may be –but simultaneously is a symbol of hope for the future. The psychological stress this carries affects who he comes to understand himself to be, and reveals that the past of his parents inherently contributes to his own pain, particularly with his identity. Though Vladek is the primary voice in their story since Art's mother Anja is dead, Art does not omit the influence of both of his parents. Vladek is demanding in his love of Art, as he expects Art to visit more often, blatantly succumb to all of his requests, and even live with him. Even when Art is an adult and is beginning a family and life of his own with his wife Françoise, Vladek holds expectations as if Art is still only a child, who needs to be directed in everything he does. When Art and Françoise meet at the bungalow after his second wife Mala leaves, Vladek attempts to lure the two into staying a long time. "Look how nice I made for you a bed. For the whole summer you can be comfortable here," and even when Art protests, Vladek deflects: "Well! In the morning we can speak more –but now you can make yourself at home, so as like it's your own" (Spiegelman, Maus II, 17). Though seemingly innocent and loving, this persistence is a taste of Vladek's forceful nature. Persuading Art and Françoise to extend their stay causes an interruption in their own lives, and puts Art in a position to consider how he must be for his father's sake, especially in a time of conflict (caused by Mala's departure). Though this may seem to conflict with parentification, the trauma allows these to coexist. Vladek thirsts for Art's presence, not only to have him as a crutch for need, but also to secure that he is safe. Exerting this control in the name of love


A rumour model due to Maki and Thompson (1973) is slightly modified to incorporate a continuous-time random contact process and varying individual behaviours in front of the rumour. Two important measures of the final extent of the rumour are provided by the ultimate number of people who have heard the rumour, and the total personal time units during which the rumour is spread. Our purpose in this note is to derive the exact joint distribution of these two statistics. That will be done by constructing a family of martingales for the rumour process and then using a particular family of Gontcharoff polynomials.


Object of the present invention is in view of the activation of the lymph function of the expression promotion of VEGFC, in finding the swelling, lymphedema, skin aging, or a valid new fragrance ingredients in the prevention or control of obesity. The present invention, rose oxide, and provides a swelling modifier, lymphatic activator, and VEGFC production promoter characterized by containing one or a plurality of types of component that is selected from the group consisting of ring nelril acetate and California oil to the sheet.