Utility companies use Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) to improve the power quality at load end closer to furnaces, steel plants and mining facilities in order to avoid the generating of reactive power through field excitation of generator as this reduces the efficiency of the power grid network. In this paper the focus is on application of static var compensator (SVC) with shunt filters on Waterval chrome mine network in order to improve the voltage level and reduce the total harmonic content within internal point of common coupling (IPCC) where nonlinear loads are connected. Power quality scans were performed with reference to the NRS 048 regulations. The network was modeled and analysed using the DIgSILENT Power Factory 2018 and a comparison was done using both results. The investigation provided evidence of compliant in terms of voltage harmonics and voltage compatibility levels at common point of coupling (PCC). Reactive power over compensation was noted due to nonadaptive absolute fixed capacitor banks. The results were coherent with the simulated mine network, but a significant voltage drops downstream at IPCC where nonlinear loads are connected caused deviation in harmonics with reference to IEEE 519 standard. In addition, it was discovered that the more rectifier nonlinear devices connected to a load bus, the more the voltage total harmonic distortion in which mitigation was implemented using shunt filters. The significant voltage drop that was noted from the simulated network downstream was improved using static var system.


A positive association between spousal education and individual earnings is a common empirical finding (e.g., Benham, 1974 and Rossetti and Tanda, 2000). The two most common explanations for this are sample selection and crossproductivity effects. Can spouses really benefit from each other's human capital in the labour market, or does the entire association stem from assortative mating? In this study, we control for time-invariant heterogeneity that may be correlated with the spouse's education level and use a rich data set that includes observations of individuals when they are single and when they are married. The results support the cross-productivity hypothesis for both males and females. Furthermore, couples with education within the same field experience even larger effects.


A study has been made of the saturation properties of D2O from the triple point temperature to 325 °C, in the light of information on the saturation properties of H2O. Saturated liquid volumes have been determined by extrapolation to saturation pressure of relatively abundant liquid phase data (corrected to 100% D2O). Saturated liquid enthalpy has been determined by extrapolation of liquid phase specific heat data, and integration along the saturation line, allowing for the compressibility effect. Saturated vapor volumes have been determined by use of an extended virial equation formulated for H2O and corrected for D2O. Saturated vapor enthalpies have been determined by use of the Clapeyron equation, and compared to vapor enthalpies calculated from the extended virial equation. Saturated liquid and vapor volumes have been extrapolated to the critical temperature to allow an inference of the critical density.


Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a well-proven imaging technique for remote sensing. However, conventional SAR systems are not capable to fulfil the increasing demands for both improved spatial resolution and wider swath coverage. This inherent limitation can be overcome by multi-channel SAR systems, which gather additional information along the synthetic aperture, thus enabling high-resolution wide-swath (HRWS) imaging. In this context an innovative algorithm, namely the Multi-Channel Reconstruction Algorithm (MCRA), was introduced, which allows for the processing of multi-channel data in azimuth.
The presented work demonstrates the potential of this algorithm by its application to airborne measured multi-channel SAR X-band data, which were acquired by DLR's F-SAR system. In a proof-of-principle, the combination of up to 4 different channels is presented. In this context, the impact of different channel balancing methods on the system performance will be evaluated. Furthermore, a performance analysis of the algorithm will be presented, especially with regard to its capability of suppressing azimuth ambiguities. Finally, the validity of the analytic prediction will be verified with the measured data.


Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) proton (1H) relaxation is sensitive to the dynamics of the water molecule, H2O, through the interaction of the spin of the 1H with external magnetic and electromagnetic fields. NMR relaxation times describe how quickly the spin of 1H, forced in a direction by an external electromagnetic field, returns to a normal resting position. As a result, such measurements allow us potentially to describe higher structuring of water in homoeopathic medicines. To monitor dilution and potentisation processes, the measurements of 1H spin–lattice T1 and spin–spin T2 relaxation times were used. T1 and T2 relaxation times were measured at 25°C with a spin analyser working at a frequency of 20 MHz. To account for its possible role as a confounding factor, free oxygen (O2) was also measured in all samples, using a MicroOptode meter. When the values of the three production lines were pooled, a statistically significant discrimination of NMR relaxation times between the medicines and their controls was confirmed. We found, for copper cH and Gelsemium sempervirens cH, a highly significant influence of the starting material (P = 0.008), a highly significant influence of level of dilution (P < 0.001), and a significant influence of the O2 concentration (P = 0.04). Comments: The evidence of an obvious retention of a specific magnetic resonance signal when a substance (lactose, copper and Gelsemium) is diluted/potentised in pure water was seen. This means that homoeopathic solutions cannot be considered to be pure water. O2 is a covariant and not an explanatory variable: This factor itself is too weak to explain the NMR signal specificities in potentised samples. Homoeopathic dilutions may thus have a specific material configuration governed not only by the potentised substance but also by the chemical nature of the containers, by the chemical nature of dissolved gases and even by the electromagnetic environment. This sensitivity of homoeopathically prepared medicines to electromagnetic fields may be amplified by the processes routinely applied during their preparation; because it occurs only when a dynamisation has been performed, we may call this phenomenon 'dynamic pharmacy'.


The influence of the XRD diagram charge of spherical Ni(OH) 2 on MH/Ni battery capacity was studied.The experimental results showed that during the synthesis of Ni(OH) 2,the XRD diagram of Ni(OH) 2 was widened as the crystalinity changed.This charge also results to pH;ratio NH 3∶Ni,temperature,stirring and additive.When manufacturing highly active spherical nickel hydroxide,all above factors should be considered.


e24294Background: Programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) expression and the tumour mutation burden (TMB) are distinct biomarkers of response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. The proportion of PD-L1-positive, high-TMB patients and their overlap in newly diagnosed metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their effect on prognosis after receiving epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-TKIs or platinum-based chemotherapy were evaluated. Methods: One hundred eighty-seven NSCLC patients were included. Tumour tissue samples were collected to detect PD-L1 expression and TMB status by immunohistochemistry (using the SP142 antibody) and targeting next-generation sequencing of specific genes, respectively. Correlations between PD-L1 or TMB with clinicopathological characteristics were analysed. Results: The PD-L1-positive rates of tumour cells were 37% (≥1%) and 20% (≥50%) in adenocarcinoma (ADC); 55% (≥1%) and 27% (≥50%) in squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC). PD-L1 in tumour cells was significantly associated wi...


The invention relates to a method for cyclically producing taurine at a high yield. The method includes the following steps that S1, ethylene oxide reacts with a sodium hydrogen sulfite solution to generate sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate; S2, sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate obtained in S1 is subjected to an ammonolysis reaction in ammonium hydroxide, flashing is carried out after the reaction is completed, and ammonia gas is recycled; S3, taurine-containing feed liquid of reaction liquid obtained after flashing in S2 is collected through an acid cation exchange resin column, the resin column is regenerated with a sulfur dioxide or carbon dioxide water solution after being inactivated, and eluant obtained during regeneration can be directly reused or reused after being treated with sulfur dioxide; S4, the feed liquid collected in S3 is subjected to after-treatment, and taurine is obtained. The method has the advantages that the generation amount of waste liquid in the whole process is small, part of substances are effectively and cyclically utilized in the process, the cost is reduced, the yield of taurine can reach 90% or above, meanwhile, the production process is relatively simple, and large-scale production is easy.


Elite equestrian dyads develop relationships amidst a considerable degree of risk. Serious accidents and injuries are not uncommon in equestrian sport and uncertainty may pervade relationships with horses owned by a third party. Little psychological research has addressed the dynamics of the horse-rider relationship. This study examined equestrian dyads in elite sport using social constructionist grounded theory. Thirty-six interviews were conducted with riders from a range of equestrian disciplines. The findings suggest that the relationship between horse and rider is fundamental, but increasingly contested in an elite sporting context. Participants experienced complex relationships with horses that were shaped by interdependency and mutual vulnerability. The inequality that characterises the horse-rider relationship led to an emphasis on rider responsibility and nuanced understandings of power dynamics. These findings have implications for the moral and ethical status of equestrian sports and provide insights into how riders understand risk when interacting with horses.


The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the effectiveness of Case-Based Cooperative Learning in the context of Student-Centered Learning 2) to improve the students' cognitive abilities in order to increase the learning achievement. This study was conducted in the Department of Electrical Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering, Yogyakarta State University. The learning method was applied in the subject of Artificial Intelligence, the Study Program of Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics Education for the students of 2010 academic year. The data collection techniques were observation, tests and questionnaires. The data was analysed using quantitative descriptive and regression analysis. The results showed 1) there is significant effect of the Case-Based Learning on the students' cognitive abilities 2) there is significant effect of Cooperative Learning on the students' cognitive abilities 3) there is significant effect of Student-Centered Learning on the students' cognitive abilities 4) there is 47% significant effect of Case Based Learning, Cooperative Learning and Student-Centered Learning on the students' cognitive abilities .


Summary This article explores the subject of children who are violent towards adults, and the impact their violence has on those who are the carers of children with such complex special needs. Conduct Disorder is explored and its implications examined, as a means of characterizing the intensity of the violence experienced. Drawing on the universalizable and potentially transforming process of active empathy, this article investigates the means by which forgiveness can become a method of letting go for those who feel themselves trapped by shame and powerlessness.


Shells of agglutinated foraminiferan protists are composed of mineral grains bound by secreted adhesives. As such, they are useful models for examining the evolution of "primitive" exoskeletons. Previous studies revealed the ultrastructure of shells in the giant Antarctic foraminiferan Astrammina rara and demonstrated that shucked specimens would reconstruct shells using glass beads. Here we further investigate shell architecture in this model species. For micromechanical testing, an intact A. rara shell was placed between a fixed plate and a facing plate in series with a calibrated load cell. Displacement was effected by a high-precision drive, and 2-3 loading cycles were used to determine shell material properties. to assay tensile properties of the adhesive matrix, a network of pseudopodia and extracellular matrix fibers (i.e., the shell adhesive component) was obtained by incubating shucked cell bodies on 200-mesh gold grids. Pseudopodia were subsequently removed by detergent washes. Fibers in the resultant isolated matrix were severed with a Nd: YAG laser using an inverted DIC light microscope equipped with a 60× objective lens. Preliminary loading experiments using glass needles showed that Sepharose 2B beads were suitable strain gauges to assess compression within reconstructed shells (Fig. 1). in this assay, shucked cell bodies were incubated with a mixture of glass and Sepharose beads, and the reconstructed shells were examined by SEM. Repeated loading and unloading demonstrated the elastic behavior of intact shells (Fig. 2). Adhesive matrix fibers snapped towards their attachment sites within 2 sec after cutting with a laser (Fig. 3), demonstrating that they are deployed under tension. SEM images of shells reconstructed with Sepharose show compressed particle profiles (Fig. 4).


DAVID B. LURIE. Realms of Literacy: Early Japan and the History of Writing . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2011. 497 pp. US$59.95, hardcover. In his recent book, Realms of Literacy...


A methodology for efficient modeling of discontinuities in chip packages and boards at RF/microwave frequencies is discussed. It commences with a novel approach for defining the boundaries of all geometrical discontinuities in chip packages and boards, because defining the boundaries of discontinuities ensures efficient RF/microwave modeling and measurement of the discontinuities themselves as well as the chip packages and boards in which they are found. It also leads to a reduction in the cost of fabrication of test structures needed for their characterization. Based on the 3D full wave electromagnetic (EM) field computation results of the discontinuities, their electrical parameters were extracted. To validate the modeling technique, test structures were designed, fabricated and measured. A good correlation was obtained between the computed and measured results.


This paper reports the results of an analysis of the institutional structure of 90 census tracts representative of the Philadelphia urbanized area. Ecological positions of the tracts and the social and economic characteristics of local populations are related to the number, type, and distribution of local facilities and services. An examination of the contribution of local facilities to residential stability of the census tracts indicates that the strong zero-order association between local institutional structure and residential stability is spurious, a result of the place of the tracts in the spatial and economic structure of the city.


In order to develop new produets of expanded food and optimization the materials and direction of expanded food, improved sdp-45 small type expand machine of laboratory.So increased the rate of utilization of experimental equipment and decreased the cost of experiment.This paper presents problems of producting textured protein on the small single screw extruder Model SDP-45, screw extruder was upgraded in order to meet the needs of the experiment.


Out of a multitude of books upon this subject, four representative ones are selected for the present study: Alexander, Christianity and Ethics; Clarke, The Ideal of Jesus; Peabody, The Christian Life in the Modern World; and Rauschenbusch, Christianizing the Social Order. One might imagine that things spoken in a small district of Asia nearly nineteen hundred years ago would have little if any practical value for twentiethcentury thought and conduct. It is true that most utterances of the past were quickly antiquated and passed into oblivion; or rather, these utterances, having been in their way and measure effective upon the total movement of civilization, soon took their place in the unwritten and unknown mass of history. But men have taken care to preserve the greatest teaching of the past. This was true in Greece and Rome, in Egypt and Palestine. They preserved the great teachings of their several countries in part out of a historical interest, in order to retain a memory of the world's heroes and their contributions to progress. But much more did they do this for the purpose of maintaining continuously the vital uplifting influence of these teachers and exemplars of the race. Jesus, whose life and work lay in Palestine in the first century A.D., and the knowledge of whom is preserved to us in the New Testament, has been the foremost person and influence in eighteen centuries of European history. I venture to think that in a fundamental sense his influence, which has been cumulative through the centuries, is actually greater today than at any previous time. Certainly the total number of Christians was never so large as now; if the formal worship of Christ is not so conspicuous, none the less the power of his ideal, his teaching, his example, grows rather than diminishes. Like other primary forces of civilization, the influence of Jesus has become mainly an unobserved and undifferentiated factor in the whole upward movement of humanity; most of that progress which is really due to him does not carry his name formally inscribed. The practical value of Jesus to the twentieth century is not an artificially preserved influence, kept alive by a static church hedging itself about to withstand modernism, the natural progress of the current centuries. On the contrary, the present-day influence of Jesus accords with the fundamental laws of the universe, and with the fundamental methods men use in maintaining and promoting civil-


The research about China's foreign aid for Indonesia is deemed important as the economic growth of China has been skyrocketing for past decades. This growth crowned China as the world's new economic power. While china keeps on strengthening its economy, several countries in different parts of the world are going through stagnant economic growth. This gives new hopes for many countries to cooperate with China, Indonesia is of no exception, since Indonesia is said to be a promising land of investation.This research utilizes the qualitative method by using case study. The results obtained are, first, for Indonesia, China is bringing positive influence because China is in dire need of raw materials from Indonesia for their industry, where Indonesia is thought as a receiving market of the abundant product from China. Secondly, China left bad influence on local labour competition which creates imbalance between local labour and Chinese labour. Thirdly, China's foreign aid is not voluntary as these helps are aimed to conduct a one belt diplomacy of China to rule over strategic route of International trading in Indonesia.


Based on the general design of shallow water pipe and cable laying vessel of Shengli Petroleum Administrative Bureau, the vessel' s design target, fundamental function, main performance parameters, key technology and general layout are intro-duced in detail. The vessel is characterized by advanced performance, excellent fit-tings, reasonable technological process, safety and giving full consideration to the en-vironmental protection, so the vessel is suitable to operate in Chinese shallow water area and other similar sea area.


The present study testcd the hypotheses that crowded subjects would evidence higher levels of arousal than uncrowded subjects and that the arousal of crowded subjects would not habituate with the passage of time. In a laboratory setting, subjects were exposed three tinies over a 3-week period to either crowding with physical contact or an uncrowded environment. A high degree of convergence in support of the experimental hypotheses was provided by behavioral, physiological, and self-report measures. Crowded subjects were more physiologically aroused; rated by confederates to be more tense, uncomfortable, and annoyed; and reported more negative affect than uncrowded subjects. No evidence for habituation of. response to crowding was found.


A portable fiber optic local area network has been implemented for emergency command center communications. This network operates under a carrier sense multiple-access (CSMA) protocol and employs an architecture based on a unique active star node. The node consists of a transmissive optical star coupler and active electro-optical transceivers. Terminal-to-node or node-to-node links may be as long as 1 km. An architecture developed around this node design is capable of modular expansion to accommodate a large number (several hundread) of data subscribers. In addition to data services, this network can support broadcast video and integrated technical control.


.. Background: Salivary glands heterotopia is defined as presence of salivary gland tissue outside its normal location.1 Salivary gland heterotopia in ileum leading to obstruction & intussusception is extremely rare. Only two such cases have been reported previously. Case Report: We report a case of 2 years old male who presented with history of vomiting, constipation and bleeding per rectum for one week. Clinical impression was intestinal obstruction and intussusception. An emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed and intraluminal ileal polyp was resected. Histopathological examination of the excised polyp demonstrated salivary gland tissue. Conclusion: Though extremely rare heterotopic salivary gland should be considered in differential diagnosis of intestinal obstruction and intussusception.


The present study sought to provide a comprehensive exploration to how age of onset for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), pain experienced, and trauma exposure uniquely predict different, more severe characteristics of self-harm. Data was combined from two samples containing the sample measures and procedures, resulting in a final sample of 544 participants. Participants completed self-report measure assessing trauma exposure, and a measure of NSSI. Replicating and extending prior work on how an individual's age of onset impacts severity of NSSI, results indicated that those with an earlier onset age reported greater lifetime frequencies, number of methods, and NSSI functions. Greater instances of trauma exposure also predicted a greater number of methods, higher lifetime frequencies, and NSSI functions. However, pain experienced during NSSI did not have a significant impact on severity of NSSI.


(284/275) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum that ranges from isolated steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. The majority of subject with NAFLD don't have underlying NASH without significant risk for adverse liver-related outcomes. The prevalence of NAFLD is about 24% with a gradient of high to low rates from Urban areas to rural of some of the Asian countries. Although relatively dynamic, patients with NASH are at risk for progressive liver disease and those with significant fibrosis are at the highest risk of mortality. Given the enormous prevalence of NAFLD, the clinical, economic and patient experience related burden of NAFLD and NASH can be enormous. The diagnosis of NASH is plagued with suboptimal modalities. Although liver biopsy is the most accurate modality to establish the diagnosis and stage of NASH, it suffers from being invasive and from observer variability in the pathologic interpretation of pathologic features of NASH. A number of approaches have been undertaken to non-invasively diagnose and establish the stage of NASH. These include predictive models such as NAFLD fibrosis score as well as "wet and dry biomarkers". Serum based biomarkers such ELF have been utilized to establish stage of fibrosis in NASH. Radiologic-based technologies such as transient elastography or MR elastography have been used to estimate significant fibrosis in NASH. Although quite dynamic field research, it seems that most modalities have AUROC between 0.76 to 0.90 %. In this context, MRE may have the best predictive performance for NASH. The issue of accurate diagnostic modalities in NAFLD is of utmost importance. Not only are these modalities important to risk stratify subjects for progressive liver disease but also to be used as endpoints of therapeutic clinical trials.


The article deals with the regulation of sphere of tourist services. The factors that negatively affect the development of the tourism industry in market conditions are grounded. The object of the research. The conflict situations in the sphere of regulation of tourism industry have become the object of the article. Purpose. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of conflict situations that affect the tourism industry activity. Method (methodology). The method of statistical analysis, expert method, comparative and descriptive method, systematic and structural method are used in this article. The economic and political situation leads to many conflict situations in the tourism sector. Due to this situation cash receipts to the state budget reduce, tourist flows decrease and the activity of tourism enterprises becomes unprofitable. Factors that can help resolve some problems in the sphere of tourist services are revealed.  They will also help establish relations and avoid misunderstanding between the state and enterprises of the tourism industry. The results of this paper can be used in the activity of tourism enterprises.


ABSTRACT To investigate a unionid mussel die-off that began in 2016 in the Clinch River, organ tissues from 10 pheasantshells Actinonaias pectorosa (Conrad, 1834) were collected from Kyles Ford, TN, on October 6, 2016. Histological evaluations quantified abundances of tissue lesions in gills, digestive glands, and kidneys; gamete production and resorption levels in reproductive acini; and percentages of mussels infested with parasites. Atrophy and necrosis of digestive gland tissues were prevalent in most mussels, and pervasive necrosis in vesicular connective tissues (VCT) also was observed. Nine of the 10 mussels were infested with parasites. One mussel stained Gram positive, and examination revealed the presence of unidentified streptococci-like bacteria. Nine mussels stained Gram negative, and the stained spherical structures resembled cocci. High fractions of kidney cells containing lipofuscin were observed in the study mussels, indicating high levels of oxidative stress and probable impairment of important organ functions. It is likely that oxidative stress and consequent lipofuscin abundances in the kidney cells resulted from the combined effects of lesions (tissue damage, parasitic infestations, and presumptive bacterial infections) and the low-concentration contaminant array in the Clinch River. Necrosis in digestive glands and VCT decreased the available somatic energy (i.e., lipids and carbohydrates), although energy demands were high because of parasitic infestation, presumptive bacterial infection, altered physiological functions, and needed tissue repair. Although the results of this study could not determine the actual causes of mortality during the mussel die-off, they revealed numerous pervasive tissue lesions in the mussels, which led to starvation-like conditions due to unidentified environmental stressors.


Does geographic distance affect distributed software development teams? Researchers have been mining software artifacts to find evidence that geographic distance between software team members introduces delay in communication and deliverables. While some studies found that geographical distance negatively impacts software teams, other studies dispute this finding. It has been speculated that various confounding factors are the reason for the contradicting findings. For example, newer tools and practices that enable team members to communicate and collaborate more effectively, might have negated the effects of distance in some studies. In this study, we examine an alternate theory to explain the contradicting findings: the different aggregations of the software artifacts used in past studies. We call this type of bias: the aggregation bias. We replicated the previous studies on detecting the evidence of delay in communication using the data from a large commercial distributed software project. We use two different levels of artifacts in this study: the class files and the components that are the aggregation of the class files. Our results show that the effect of distance does appear in low level artifacts. However, the effect does not appear in the aggregated artifacts. Since mining software artifacts has became a popular methodology to conduct research in software engineering, the result calls for careful attention in the use of aggregating artifacts in software studies.


While syphilis is acknowledged to be the most frequent cause of stricture of the rectum, and the profession at large are well posted as to this fact, I have been surprised in post-graduate teaching to find how little the modus operandi of its production is understood, and how little the prodromic and precursive conditions are appreciated. I do not propose in the present paper to discuss stricture of the rectum in a general way, as this would lead me into too wide a field. In order, therefore, to make plain the bearing of my remarks it may be well to state at the outset that I have little faith in any syphilitic stricture of the rectum, that has not been preceded by ulceration of that organ. Gummata may produce narrowing of the canal as in the cases reported by Zapula (Arch. f. derm. und syph., Prague) and Molliere, but certainly


North American Indigenous Psychology (NAIP) is the study and practice of the distinctive aspects of mind and behavior among North American indigenous peoples.

Keywords:

indigenous psychology;
social influence


An experiment was conducted by using three kinds of different hormone in terms of concentration and ingredients,such as desquamation acid,gibberellin,cell division element,to wet seed.Additionally,hairy gourd seed was shuked by using oil of vitriol at different time,aiming at studying dormancy mechanism of hairy gourd and the methods of relieving dormancy.The result of the experiment indicated that gibberellin was the major accelerant.Among all experiments, the model "desquamation acid 80ppm+ gibberellin20ppm+ cell division element 25ppm resulted in the best result in accelerating germination of hairy gourd seed,with germinating rate up to72.6%,increasing to 67.3% compared to the conventional group.Desquamation acid was the major stayer of germination of hairy gourd seed.The desirable concentration of restrainning seed from germinating was at 25ppm.And seed shuck was also one of the elements that restrained seed from gerinating.Oil of vitriol could be used to shuck dormancy seed,with the best time lasting for 3 minutes,germinating rate up to21.33%,increasing 16% compared to the conventional group.


The explicit formulas for the sums of positive powers of the integers $s_i$ unrepresentable by the triple of integers $d_1,d_2,d_3\in {\mathbb N}, \gcd(d_1,d_2,d_3)=1$, are derived.


In this paper, an adiabatic operation slope-loss algorithm (AO-SLA) is developed for designing efficient adiabatic waveguide tapers. The algorithm can compute the efficient adiabatic guided-wave shape of the waveguide taper. A well-studied case of an adiabatic waveguide taper is used to show how it can readily generate a guided-wave shape that gives the same mode-connection power transfer with a much shorter length compared with the linear shape. In the waveguide taper design, it is shown that the device efficiency designed with AO-SLA is better than that based on the parabolic case and the SLA case, and the adiabatic taper designed can give a broad operating bandwidth. Moreover, the adiabatic condition α for AO-SLA can be very large.


We study families of semidefinite programs (SDPs) that depend nonlinearly on a small number of"external"parameters. Such families appear universally in numerical bootstrap computations. The traditional method for finding an optimal point in parameter space works by first solving an SDP with fixed external parameters, then moving to a new point in parameter space and repeating the process. Instead, we unify solving the SDP and moving in parameter space in a single algorithm that we call"skydiving". We test skydiving on some representative problems in the conformal bootstrap, finding significant speedups compared to traditional methods.


Multipath Transport Control Protocol (MPTCP) is a transport layer protocol that enables multiple TCP connections across various paths. Due to path heterogeneity, it incurs more energy in a multipath wireless network. Recent work presents a set of approaches described in the literature to support systems for energy consumption in terms of their performance, objectives and address issues based on their design goals. The existing solutions mainly focused on the primary system model but did not discourse the overall system performance. Therefore, this paper capitalized a novel stochastically multipath scheduling scheme for data and path capacity variations. The scheduling problem formulated over MPTCP as a stochastic optimization, whose objective is to maximize the average throughput, avoid network congestion, and makes the system more stable with greater energy efficiency. To design an online algorithm that solves the formulated problem over the time slots by considering its mindrift-plus penalty form. The proposed solution was examined under extensive simulations to evaluate the anticipated stochastic optimized MPTCP (so-MPTCP) outcome and compared it with the base MPTCP and the energy-efficient MPTCP (eMPTCP) protocols. Simulation results justify the proposed algorithm's credibility by achieving remarkable improvements, higher throughput, reduced energy costs, and lower-end to end delay.


Based on the analysis of existing problem,supervision level,risk management and risk supervision system construction of China's network bank,this paper studies the risk and supervision of China's network bank.


The purpose of this study was to explore how transitional objects are used during and after combat, and whether their use promotes resilience, reduces the effects of combat-related stress, and helps service members with "coming home" from war. The research looked for possible ties between objects with emotional significance that were carried during deployment and the effect the items had on service members' mental health and wellbeing, Sixty-six combat veterans of World War II through the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan completed an online survey consisting of multiple-choice, open-ended, and Likert scale questions that were used to capture their experiences with transitional objects. An additional six combat veterans took part in a structured focus group designed to gather more detailed, nuanced perspectives about the role that objects played for these veterans. Results indicate that the majority of veterans carried a special possession during combat and found it to be soothing or psychologically helpful in times of stress. Service members who used an object found it was more useful during their transition into combat than during their return home. Participants who did not carry an object stated they wanted to keep home and work separate, or did not feel the need to bring something along for comfort. Most survey participants indicated they have positive feelings when they think about their object today, while one-third indicated that the object is no longer important to them. Suggestions for future research were given, as well as implications for clinical practice with veterans and military couples. THE THINGS THEY CARRY: A STUDY OF TRANSITIONAL OBJECT USE AMONG U.S. MILITARY PERSONNEL DURING AND AFTER DEPLOYMENT A project based on an independent investigation, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work. Julia St. George Smith College School for Social Work Northampton, Massachusetts 01063 2013


Reaction of sulfonimines having proximal chelating groups with crotyl bromide and indium in aqueous media gave alpha-crotylation products stereoselectively with syn-selectivity.


In this paper, we give a control theoretic approach to the slow self-propelled motion of a rigid body in a viscous fluid. The control of the system is the relative velocity of the fluid with respect to the solid on the boundary of the rigid body (the thrust). Our main results show that, there exists a large class of finite dimensional input spaces for which the system is exactly controllable, i.e., one can find controls steering the rigid body in any final position with a prescribed velocity field. The equations we use are motivated by models of swimming of micro-organisms like cilia. We give a control theoretic interpretation of the swimming mechanism of these organisms, which takes place at very low Reynolds numbers. Our aim is to give a control theoretic interpretation of the swimming mechanism of micro-organisms (like ciliata) which is one of the fascinating problems in fluid mechanics.


The response and vulnerability of straight segmented buried pipelines subject to seismic wave propagation are investigated in this paper. Seismic damage to buried pipelines is briefly reviewed. An analytical model for evaluating pipeline response is presented. It takes into account the nonlinearity as well as the variability of the system characteristics. Also results from laboratory tests by others are used to establish the relative displacements at joints which leads to leakage. These two elements are combined to predict the damage ratio (number of leaks per kilometer) for cast iron pipes with lead caulked joints.


Sags are widely reported as being one of the worst power quality problems and are particularly common in rural areas. Automated milking equipment on dairy farms are thus very susceptible to malfunction by sags. In assessing the relative cost/benefits of sag mitigation in the dairy or the supply network it is important to know the dairy equipment immunity level. It is shown how a harmonic generator can be used to determine this information. Testing revealed that the motor contactor was a critical component as it was unable to ride through a 40% sag longer than about 0.5 seconds. The milking equipment without contactor gave unsatisfactory performance for 50% sags longer than 1 second and for interruptions exceeding 0.5 second.


The 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill was relatively small, yet generated significant societal reverberations; the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill was unambiguously large, but resulted in only a few societal rumblings. Both were often labelled crises, disasters, and/or catastrophes (CDCs). Utilizing frame theory, this thesis analyzed whether a relationship existed between the use of strong rhetoric (i.e., CDCs) and action taken to respond to the spills, by establishing what various actors meant when they framed them as CDCs, and by ascertaining how their action-oriented CDC frames correlated with the actual outcomes. This thesis found that the actors meant a great number and variety of things by framing the spills as CDCs, and that only the term disaster had a significant number of correlations with the spills' outcomes. The results help explain why global environmental problems (e.g., climate change), despite being labelled crises, disasters, and catastrophes, are not receiving greater


Huntington's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. Dystonia of muscles is a characteristic feature of this condition. A case of Huntington's disease, with orofacial dystonia, leading to severe uncontrolled biting of the lips, was referred by the Department of Neurology. Deep traumatic ulcerations were found in both upper and lower lips. A simple Essix retainer was fabricated and inserted, which acted as a barrier for the teeth from injuring the lips. The ulcers showed complete resolution in 3 to 4 weeks. The vacuum-formed retainers resulted in a good fit and resisted removal by the uncontrolled contortions of the orofacial muscles. The Essix retainer can be effectively used in improving the quality of life of patients, with Huntington's disease, having such dystonia-related injuries to lips.


Abstract The article reconsiders Rousseau's famous Discours sur les sciences et les arts within the medial and institutional context of the prize question (prix de morale) proposed by the Academy of Dijon for the year 1750. To do so, it pays special attention to the contributions submitted by Rousseau's (thirteen) competitors, which so far have hardly been analysed by historians of literature and philosophy. The paper also expands on the institutional and social structure of the Academy of Dijon as well as the particular profile of its morality prizes organized since 1743. In addition, the article situates the contest of 1750 in the broader context of the concours académique and outlines the evolution of the genre with its specific rhetorical traditions since the end of the seventeenth century. Thus, the crucial question, how the Academy of Dijon came to select Rousseau's text, can be approached from a different angle. Finally, this perspective also sheds new light upon certain aspects of a major work in the history of philosophy - the Discours sur les sciences et les arts.


T h e use of 'V-2-fl~toro-2-deoxygI~1cose ( F I X ) in cerel)rovascular disease (CVD) has several advantages arid some limitations. T h e 11iair1 practical advantages are the relatively low P + energy (0.635 MeV) of '"F, with the consequence of'a sriiall positron range permitting high image resolution, and the relatively long physical half-lik (109.7 rninutes), which permits tracer transport ;trtcl storage over several hours. Fur-therrnore, ilrlages of' good quality can be obtained within 10 minutes of' data acquisition time, making FDG studies feasible evert in poorly cooperating patients. Idimitations in quantitation accuracy exist mainly in acute stroke m t l will I)e discussed later. 'l'he followirtg review is primarily I~ased on our experience with more than 600 FI)G studies in (:VI).


Nanostructured recycled hardmetals were obtained by high energy milling of worn inserts and plates, then the nanocomposites were cold/hot isostatically pressed. The high densities (close to 100% of theoretical) for powders treated with Hip technique confirmed that the densification has reached good results. Besides the mechanical properties were comparable to the values measured for the carbide inserts.


Abstract In this introductory piece I summarize the aims and contents of the special section on Wittgenstein and Applied Epistemology, which consists of a selection of papers presented at the 6th Symposium of the International Ludwig Wittgenstein Society that took place at the Nova University of Lisbon in 2017. After explaining the sense in which "applied epistemology" is here employed in connection with Wittgenstein's thought, brief comments are made on papers by Natalie Alana Ashton, Anna Boncompagni, Marco Brusotti, Michel Le Du, Andrew Lugg, Sofia Miguens, Constantine Sandis, Genia Schönbaumsfeld, and Vicente Sanfélix Vidarte and Chon Tejedor.


The present study aimed to examine the phenomenon of ataques de nervios (ataques) among a primary care sample of Puerto Ricans age 50 years and older living in the mainland United States. The sample included 303 participants who were asked whether they had ever experienced an ataque and to describe the episode and the situation that provoked it. Participants were administered a Spanish-language version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—Short Form. Ataques occurred in 26% of participants and were a strong risk factor for current psychiatric disorders. Of participants with ataques, 84% met criteria for at least one anxiety, mood, suicidal, psychotic, or substance use problem. Ataques were most commonly elicited by interpersonal conflict. Factor analysis suggested three possible constellations of ataques symptoms that appeared to map onto anxious, angry, and depressive symptomatology. Ataques were associated with poorer subjective health status but not with other proposed vulnerability factors.


Abstract : Investigations were made to determine cause of nonuniform distribution of temperature in cylinders. Variations in cooling air-pressure drops, power, and fuel-air ratio were observed to examine their effect on temperature distribution. Methods and calculations of experiment are included. Temperature variation remaining among cylinders after improving distribution of cooling-air pressure drop, power, and fuel-air ratio averaged + or - 20 deg F.


1. Fifteen apparently healthy persons were exposed to air enriched with positive or negative ions at 78° F. and 87° F. Average ion counts at 78° F. were 12,324 positive ions per ml. and 5,451 negative ions per ml. The averages at 87° F. were 14,865 positive ions per ml. and 5,442 negative ions per ml. Relative humidity was kept at 50% and air motion was 28 ft./min. 2. Seven sensations related to comfort (thermal sensation, humidity sensation, sensible perspiration, air motion, pleasantness, mood and fatigue) were recorded, pulse rate and oral temperature were measured. 3. In the experiments at 78° F. mood was improved (P < 0·001) by positive ionization. All other qualities remained unaffected by positive ionization. No effect was found under negative ionization at the ion concentration applied. 4. In the experiments at 87° F. five sensations (thermal sensation, sensible perspiration, pleasantness, mood and fatigue) were significantly (P < 0·001) improved by ionized air. In general, as can be seen from the significantly differences between grand means, the subjects felt cooler, perspired less, felt more pleasant, were in a better mood, and felt less fatigued under the influence of air enriched with ions. Air motion sensation, humidity sensation, pulse rate and oral temperature were not affected by ionization. 5. As different individuals may vary in their response to ionization, individual preferences were tested. These tests indicated that at 87° F. six out of the fifteen persons tested preferred ionized air (P < 0·001). One person preferred air not enriched with ions (P = 0·0091).


In civil engineering, concrete is an important construction material which is used in all over the world. This building material inherently brittle in nature and have some of the dramatic demerits such as poor deformability and vulnerable crack resisting properties. Basically hybrid concrete containing, two or more different types of fibres are rationally combined to produce a composite that derives benefits from each of the individual fibres and exhibits a synergistic response in concrete and also it increases the structural integrity of concrete.
 The main objective of this investigational work is to study the characteristics of hybrid textile fiber reinforced concrete. The influence of type of fibers and their content on the characteristics of hybrid textile fiber reinforced concrete having different combinations of textile fibers are studied. The workability characteristics are study through slump, compaction factor and Vee-Bee degree. To study the strength characteristics such as compressive strength, Split tensile strength, flexural strength. The specimens are incorporated with (0.5%+0.5%) volume fractions of (Steel fiber + Polypropylene fiber), (Steel fiber + Polyester fiber) and (Steel fiber + Nylon fiber). Also conduct the rapid chloride permeability test on M30 grade of concrete at 28 days cured concrete.


Drilling engineers and directional companies have long known that the highest percentage of rotary steerable system (RSS) and positive displacement motor corrections are for inclination control, not azimuth. They also know that if you keep the string turning to the right you should drill a better hole and also reduce the chances of getting stuck, writes Jon Symons.


Fracture toughness of five different reactor pressure vessel steels was characterized in the transition temperature region by the ASTM E1921-97 standard method using Charpy-sized small specimens. T he predominant fracture mode of the tested steels was transgranular cleavage in the test conditions. A statistical analysis based on the Weibull distribution was applied to the interpretation of the scattered fracture toughness data. The size-dependence of the measured fracture toughness values was also well predicted by means of the Weibull probabilistic analysis. The measured fracture toughness transition curves followed the temperature-dependence of the ASTM master curve within the expected scatter bands. Therefore, the fracture toughness characteristics in the transition region could be described by a single parameter, so-called the reference temperature (T。), for a given steel. The determined reference temperatures of the tested materials could not be correlated with the conventional index temperatures from Charpy impact tests.


How to eliminate or ease the tension between liberty and equality? It is an important issue of modern political philosophy as well as one of the most remarkable issues in the study of and the debates on contemporary political philosophy. After having examined the views of Rawls, Hayek, Nozhick, G A. Cohen, Dworkin and others as well as their merits and shortcomings, the author maintains that the existing theories of equality want more sufficient arguments, and tries to propose some new ones. The author also emphasizes that close attention should be paid to the relevance of the related Western theories to the reality in China, maintaining that contemporary Western theories (no matter how sophisticated they are) can not be applied dogmatically to China, but can be used only for reference.


Alpha particle and proton measurements in the solar wind made using the SWE Faraday cup detectors on the WIND spacecraft are reported. Some overall trends observed confirm past observations : the ratios of alpha particle to proton density N α /N P , thermal speed W α /W P , as well as the differential velocity V α -V P (hereafter V αP ) are generally correlated with bulk solar wind flow speed. The detailed WIND measurements enable us to investigate instances when the alpha-proton differences deviate from these overall general trends. Occasionally, difference velocities as large as 80 km/s were seen, with the ratio of |V αP | to the Alfven speed V A near unity, characteristics more typical of observations at solar distances less than I AU. An example is presented where |V α |-|V P | reverses sign while |V αP | stays nearly constant. Comparison of the vector velocities and the magnetic field suggests that the speed reversal is associated with a localized kink in the magnetic field. Finally we show an instance where |V αP | exceeds the observed wave speed for Alfvenic fluctuations (V wave =B 0 ΔV/ΔB) resulting in alpha particle velocity fluctuations that anti-correlate with the wave. Though this phenomenon has been previously reported in high-latitude measurements beyond I AU, it is shown here to also occur at 1 AU in the ecliptic.


The basic theory and application steps are presented in the paper.Simulated annealing algorithm is used to determine the values of pharmaconetic parameters.In order to determine every parameter's varying interval,the results solved by residual method are applied.Simulated annealing algorithm program is carried out under the environment of Matlab and the comparison of present method with residual method and IGS-M are made.The results of numerical simulation show that the method is simple and accurate so that it can be used in parameters identification of other module efficiently and widely.


The laminar cooling process is an important procedure in hot steel strip rolling. The spatial distribution and the drop curve of the strip temperature are crucial for the production and the quality of the steel strip. Traditionally, lumped parameter methods are often used for the modeling of the laminar cooling process, making it difficult to consider the impact of the variation of state variables and related parameters on the system, which seriously affect the stability of the steel strip quality. In this paper, a modeling and monitoring method with a time–space nature for the laminar cooling process is proposed to monitor the spatial variation of the strip temperature. Firstly, the finite-dimensional model is obtained by time–space separation to describe the temperature variation of the steel strip. Next, a global model is constructed by using the multi-modeling integration method. Then, a residual generator is designed to monitor the strip temperature where the statistics and the threshold are calculated. Finally, the superiority and reliability of the proposed method are verified by the actual-process data of the laminar cooling process for hot steel strip rolling, and different types of faults are detected successfully.


This paper investigates the current situation of college students' daily code of conduct, analyzes the main problems and the essence of prominent problems existing in the daily code of conduct of college students, and explores the improvement measures to improve the effectiveness of college students' nurturance education and the importance of talent cultivation. 1. The connotation of college students' code of conduct The so-called norms are rules and standards. The code of conduct of college students is a general term used to guide, constrain and regulate the rules and standards that college students should follow in participating in the organization and social activities. It is a series of behavior standards with general binding force. Including rules of conduct, code of ethics, administrative rules, legal provisions, articles of association and so on [1]. It can be divided into two categories. The one is a narrow sense of the school's discipline and system reflected by the mandatory binding rules and rules, such as cheating is strictly prohibited in exams, participation in various illegal organizations is strictly prohibited, no reason for absenteeism. The another type of conduct is the public order in the broadest sense of the common constraints, and more embodied in the spontaneous formation of the habits, rules, regulations and standards, namely the normal public order, is comm as public morals, ethics as a social role of college students in the campus and social activities should undertake the social role of general constraint and expectations. It's about the nuances of people's talk and behaves in their lives. For example, the cultivation of college students' values, the guidance and management of college students' integrity, respect for teachers, respect for the old people and care for the young people and active participation in public benefit [2]. 2. The current situation of college students' daily code of conduct With the deepening of reform and opening up, various social thought in the west continue to penetrate, and China is in the stage of economic and social reform and transformation, college students in the growth stage are easily affected by western values and lifestyles [3]. Although the mainstream of contemporary college students is good. However, in the aspect of the code of conduct, there are "heavy learning, light norms, law and discipline awareness" problems can not be ignored. The behaviors such as lack of politeness, tardiness, truancy, lack of integrity, and cheating in exams have caused a big gap with the social recognition and expectation of college students [4]. 2.1 The strong in individual consciousness, but the weak in self-discipline consciousness College students have higher levels of knowledge, self-cognition and individual consciousness is stronger, which makes university students have stronger individual characteristics, the identity of the code of conduct for social collectivism and self-consciousness, performance in comply with the code of conduct to self-righteous, specification of the goes against the ego cannot adapt actively, there are negative resistance, some even give up self-discipline, especially some college students 2020 International Conference on Educational Training and Educational Phenomena (ICETEP2020) DOI: 10.38007/Proceedings.0000989 ISBN: 978-1-80052-005-9 -445lack of good living habits[5]. In the daily management of students, we can see that some students' dormitories are dirty, messy and bad. Some students are often late for class, talk to each other in class, play mobile phones and read irrelevant books. 2.2 Law and discipline consciousness and rule consciousness are not strong In the long-term learning process, college students pay great attention to the importance of professional knowledge, and the students take the initiative to understand the legal norms and relevant rules of the rule of law awareness that is generally weakened. But as a social role, the students should have the sense of law and discipline and the sense of rule which is weak [6]. In reality, some students have violated the relevant laws and regulations, but they did not know. They aslo have insufficient understanding about the consequences, until they have the punishment which was too late to regret. For example, some students engage in pyramid selling, gambling and even on the road to crime [7]. 2.3 Moral accomplishment and social consciousness are not strong With the development of economy and society and the continuous improvement of material living standard, the influence of traditional moral concepts to students is weakened, and some unhealthy values have a bad influence on students' behaviors. Such as the ideas of money worship, utilitarianism and hedonism, which are popular among some college students [8]. And that some college students are self-centered and pay more attention to themselves and their own interests. They do not practice public morality enough and have weak consciousness. 2.4 Insufficient cognition to the code of conduct of virtual space At present, the virtual space dominated by the network space has become a new social form, playing an important role in the society.As a new thing; the behavior norms of virtual space have different characteristics from traditional space from both the perspective of managers and participants. In this respect, if it was had the lack of management, which will create a code of conduct management vacuum [9]. For example, some college students optionally borrow money from online platforms, easily believe the internet rumors and the information about making friends, optionally release the informations with internet in cyberspace, indulge in the online games and online love, and even lead to online crimes, such as online fraud and online gambling. 3. Suggestions on improving the effectiveness of college formative education 3.1 The institution of higher learning should attach great importance to formative education The formative education is the education about cultivating students' good behavior habits. Through investigation, it is found that there are still many problems in the code of conduct of college students, which will seriously restrict the growth and success of the college students. Therefore, it is necessary for the institution of higher learning to strengthen the formatiive education of students and train the college students to develop good behavior habits [10]. 3.2 The institution of higher learning should strengthen the system construction of formative education and strengthen the supervision The formative education is not a one-step thing, it is through long-term cultivating and training, the individual consciously which continuously improve their own behavior and habits can be gradually formed. The system construction is strengthened which is the system guarantee to ensure the formative educational effect, and strengthen the supervision which is the premise to ensure the effective implementation of the system. 3.3 The institution of higher learning should strengthen the relevant education of the code of conduct for the college students Only by letting students truly realize the importance of consciously regulating and forming good habits, the students' inner initiative which can be stimulated, and the college students can conduct


Interactions with co-factors provide a means by which HOX proteins exert specificity. To identify candidate protein interactors of HOXA13, we created and screened an E11.5–E12.5, distal limb bud yeast two-hybrid prey library. Among the interactors, we isolated the BMP-signaling effector Smad5, which interacted with the paralogous HOXD13 but not with HOXA11 or HOXA9, revealing unique interaction capabilities of the AbdB-like HOX proteins. Using deletion mutants, we determined that the MH2 domain of Smad5 is necessary for HOXA13 interaction. This is the first report demonstrating an interaction between HOX proteins and the MH2 domain of Smad proteins. HOXA13 and HOXD13 also bind to other BMP and TGF-β/Activin-regulated Smad proteins including Smad1 and Smad2, but not Smad4. Furthermore, HOXD13 could be co-immunoprecipitated with Smad1 from cells. Expression of HOXA13, HOXD13 or a HOXD13 homeodomain mutant (HOXD13IQN>AAA) antagonized TGF-β-stimulated transcriptional activation of the pAdtrack-3TP-Lux reporter vector in Mv1Lu cells as well as the Smad3/Smad4-activated pTRS6-E1b promoter in Hep3B cells. Finally, using mammalian one-hybrid assay, we show that transcriptional activation by a GAL4/Smad3-C-terminus fusion protein is specifically inhibited by HOXA13. Our results identify a new co-factor for HOX group 13 proteins and suggest that HOX proteins may modulate Smad-mediated transcriptional activity through protein–protein interactions without the requirement for HOX monomeric DNA-binding capability.


The study was conducted in one of the fields affiliated to the Agricultural Research Station at the University of Basra, Karmat Ali site. The agricultural field experiment was carried out by dividing the field land according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a one-time split plots design, where the main plots represent smoothing machines and sub-plots, the levels of organic residues and three replicators. The soil was plowed with a moldboard plow at a depth of 25-30 cm, and the organic residues were mixed with the soil by use of secondary tillage equipment. While the area of the experimental unit was (150 * 250) cm2, a distance of 2m was left between the experimental sectors and units to ensure that there was no overlap between the treatments. Seeds of oats were planted for all experimental units after the implementation of the treatments and at a seeding rate according to the recommendation followed in the region. Soil characteristics are measured for depths (0-15, 15-30) cm and for two periods (beginning and end of the plant growing season), and plant growth and yield indicators are measured at the end of the growing season. The aim of the research is to study the effect of adding levels of manure residues mixed with the surface layer in different ways on soil characteristics at the beginning and end of the oat crop growing season. The results of the experiment indicate the superiority of the spring cultivator and the percentage of adding organic residues (40 tons. Ha-1) over the rest of the machines and fertilization treatments by achieving the lowest apparent density at the beginning and end of the oats growing season, which amounted to 0.992 and 1.113 Mg m-3, respectively. In addition, they have achieved the highest the percentage of total porosity was 62.56 and 57.97 %, respectively. It also gave the highest weighted average diameter, which reached 0.859 and 0.688 mm, respectively. In addition, it gave the lowest soil penetration resistance, which reached 0.887 and 1.130 MPa, respectively.


The seasonal and interannual variability of the Brazil Current (BC) at 22°S is examined using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) transect and satellite altimetry data from 1993 to 2017. The XBT‐based mean absolute geostrophic transport of the BC is estimated as 4.7 ± 1.9 Sv, with additional 0.9 ± 0.9 Sv along the shelf. The strong agreement between the absolute dynamic height and altimetric sea surface height is used in two methods to reconstruct a daily time series of the BC transport since 1993. The altimetry‐based methods can represent well the BC transport seasonal cycle, whereas the XBT‐based estimates are slightly aliased by the strong regional mesoscale variability. At interannual timescales, the BC transport is significantly correlated (r = 0.43) with the wind stress curl in the western half of the basin with a lag of 19 months, which is consistent with baroclinic adjustment timescales. Other sources of variability can be observed in a case study of the summer 2009/2010 event, which was characterized by strong sea surface temperature anomalies of approximately 3 °C. During the event, the BC reached 11 Sv for nearly 3 months, partly driven by an increased coastal upwelling from a cyclonic wind stress anomaly, a standing eddy along the section, and thermosteric anomalies that reached the offshore side of section in February. Heat anomalies were transported southward along the subtropical gyre following the BC path in a period of 2 months, which is consistent with advective timescales. Potential implications for extreme sea level and summer precipitation events in South America are discussed. Plain Language Summary Two methods were developed to create a 25‐yearlong time series of the Brazil Current (BC) volume transport across 22°S using expendable bathythermograph data and altimetry. The seasonal variability of the BC is out‐of‐phase with the wind stress curl across the basin, suggesting that wave adjustment and local winds control the seasonality. At interannual timescales, the wind stress curl in the western side of the basin and the regional upwelling control the BC variability. In the summer of 2009/2010, the BC transport was 3 times stronger than its mean. The event was characterized by a strong warm sea surface temperature anomaly propagating westward into the region and an associated anticyclonic wind stress anomaly. Results suggest that the BC strengthening was linked to a decreased near‐shore sea level of ~20 cm due to increased coastal upwelling, and an increased offshore sea level of 15 cm influenced by the warm anomaly.


The diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancers is still a difficult subject in the medical profession at present.High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) is a novel non-invasive technology of cancer treatment.It is capable of producing coagulation necrosis at the target tissue by thermal effects without damaging the surrounding normal tissue.Now HIFU has been used for clinical treatments of pancreatic cancer and is considered as a safe and feasible technique.This article reviewed the application of HIFU for pancreatic cancer in recent years.


Modern glass windows, mainly double glass and low-emissivity (low-E) glass, are installed on the outer wall of the building to obtain the desired sound and heat insulation performance. Low-E glass can be regarded as adding metal coating on ordinary double glass. It leads to great attenuation of signal transmission, especially in the Sub-6G band, the commercial frequency band for 5G. In order to improve the transmission performance of glass to 5G signal in the future, the transmission performance of glass in Sub-6G should be evaluated accurately. Due to the complex electrical characteristics of metal coating, the study of transmission characteristics of double glass has become an alternative option. In this paper, the glass is analyzed by commercial electromagnetic simulation software (HFSS). The effects of dielectric constant, thickness, gap and the external signal are considered. Simulation of double glass shows about transmission loss up to 10 dB and the polarization and incident angle of the external signal have a great influence on the transmission characteristics.


Latent trait space can be leveraged to harmonize small data into big data when the constituent datasets measure the same underlying (latent) domains using a set of partially overlapping measurement instruments in each domain. The latent trait space then acts as a common metric space for each dataset, thus ensuring the same scale for the latent traits across datasets, despite the use of non-identical sets of measurement instruments within datasets. This approach, as originally published, only applied to a narrow set of circumstances, namely, that each measurement instrument occurred in more than one dataset. Here, we extend the latent trait approach to drop this requirement by using matrix completion methods. Using a simulation study, we evaluate the reliability of this extension and offer guidance on circumstances when the latent trait approach to missing data is robust and practical on real datasets.


In much of Australia and the United States, the almost universal right to have a house on rural allotments has resulted in rural living settlement in areas intended, by land use planning policy, to be used for agriculture. Such 'unplanned' rural living has a range of potential adverse impacts, including, among other things, loss of agricultural production, land use conflicts with agriculture, land value constraints on farm restructuring, and changes to the rural landscape character. Given the strongly held community perception of a house as a development right, this research was motivated by the need to understand the effects of that right, in order to assess the potential value of any change in policy. An integral consideration was the influence of the size of allotments with any such right. The research was also driven by an interest in explaining the pattern of unplanned rural living settlement, i.e. why are particular allotments converted and others not? Largely in the absence of previous studies of unplanned rural living as a distinct phenomenon, there was scope for this thesis to make a contribution to knowledge in these respects. The research involved three stages of empirical analysis. Firstly, a Queensland-wide survey of land use conversion from sugarcane production supported the choice of the Bundaberg region as the study area. Contingency table analyses were then conducted into the current land use and other attributes of land in the study area that, in 1980, was used for sugarcane. Those analyses identified distinguishing attributes of the different land use sub-sets of allotments, and informed the selection of observation units for the third stage. The third stage provided the principal basis for fulfilling the research objectives. It focused on logit models of the choice, at the time of sale, between using a particular allotment for unplanned rural living or sugarcane production. Those analyses provided an indication of the role of individual land attributes while controlling for the effects of other attributes. It was found there had been limited conversion of suitable, productive sugarcane land to unplanned rural living. Compared to those allotments that remained in sugarcane production, allotments converted to rural living were, on average, much smaller, of less value, had lower agricultural production potential, and were situated in more undulating and forested landscapes further from Bundaberg. These clear distinctions between rural living and sugarcane allotments contributed to logit models with high explanatory power. The expected productive income of allotments had overwhelming weight and was highly statistically significant in explaining the land use choice between unplanned rural living and sugarcane. This is a notable finding, because some other studies have not shown such a strong relationship between land use and measures such as soil productivity. There was a degree of natural coincidence between more undulating and forested landscapes and lower productive potential. Notably, landscape attributes appeared to be of secondary importance in determining land use. The presence of a house at the time of sale was not a statistically significant explanatory factor for land use. This finding, together with that of limited conversion of suitable, productive land to unplanned rural living, meant there was a lack of evidence to support a change to the right to have a house on rural allotments. The findings did indicate that the allotment area required to avoid conversion to unplanned rural living was different to the area required for agricultural viability. In the circumstances of this study area and period, 20 ha would have been an acceptable minimum to retain suitable cropping land in productive use. This is compared to the 60 ha suggested as necessary for farm viability. However, the potential for changed economic conditions to reduce the productive value of agricultural land, and increase demand for rural living, makes it appropriate to be cautious about permitted allotment sizes. A detailed conceptual framework informed the selection of observation units and variables for the third stage of analyses. The framework helped to confirm allotment sales as the observation units, and provided the rationale for excluding the difficult to measure influences of a landowner's attachment to the land, and inertia, as explanatory variables. The high explanatory power of the logit models provides support for the approach, which may be useful in future studies.


Multiculturalism in this paper is defined as the doctrine that rejects monoculturalism and promotes the peaceful and equitable coexistence of several different cultures in a single country. When taken lightly and interpreted superficially, multiculturalism can be misconceptualized/misconstrued and can result in what I call "eating the other multiculturalism (ETOM)", i.e. celebrating different festivals, eating exotic foreign foods and wearing festive traditional clothing. ETOM has also been referred to as the 3-D (dance, dress and dinning) by Srivastava (2007), heroes and holidays by Lee, Menkart & Okazawa-Rey (1997) and Taco Tuesdays by Riha (2000) and Rothenberg (2006). Irrespective of what it is called, the bottom line is that ETOM refers to a response to diversity, which is superficial. It is based on an additive approach to the study of culture, and is culturally rooted in differences and inequities. It is a well-known fact among scholars working in the critical multicultural education traditions that the contribution and additive approaches (in this case, ETOM) are the most basic forms of inclusion of minority ethnic groups and racial voices in the school curriculum (Banks & Banks, 2003).Why then is ETOM so pervasive among well intentioned institutions, teachers and school leaders? The answer lies in the fact that the mainstream curriculum is so efficiently structured to facilitate this approach, so much so that doing anything else besides ETOM is an ongoing challenge. Subsequent sections of the paper will elaborate on this challenge and make suggestions for moving forward and beyond ETOM. It is suggested that the move be made toward critical multiculturalism. "Critical multiculturalism offers a framework that recognizes all the ways in which we are connected by local and global issues that intersect. It sees inequalities of power as central to prohibiting constructive dialogue for social change and recognizes and advocates for universal human rights. Critical multiculturalism focuses on minority and majority groups; intergroup relations and understanding and is careful to situate different social groups in relationship to one another, not in opposition. Critical multiculturalism is defined as transformative critical pedagogy and praxis that emanate from the recognition of intersectionality, personal reflection and identity development.Although the concept of multiculturalism has been around since the 1960s, there are still a lot of misconceptions of it on the streets, organizations, at churches and schools, just to name a few. The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the concept multicultural education, why superficial multiculturalism is so pervasive and offer recommendations on how we can move forward and away from ETOM to critical multiculturalism. The next section is an overview of the history of the concept of multicultural education. It also discusses some of the reasons why people seem to perpetuate ETOM rather than critical multiculturalism.History of the concept of Multicultural EducationThis section will not only trace the history behind the concept multicultural education but will get to the bottom of the reasons why many people practice "eating the other multiculturalism" and fail to move beyond it to practice critical multiculturalism. Reminding ourselves of the history of the concept of multicultural education will facilitate our journey to critical multiculturalism. Conceptions of multicultural education continue to evolve since its first conceptualization in the 1960s. The roots of multicultural education can be traced to the civil rights movements of groups of people who have been historically oppressed. In general, the surge of multicultural education is credited to the social action of African Americans and other people of color who challenged discriminatory practices in public institutions during the struggles of the civil rights in the 1960s (Banks 1989; Davidman and Davidman, 1997). …


The relationship between longitudinal residual stresses (σ x direction) and transverse weld cracks was studied for EH32 TMCP 50-mm-thick plate welded with the SAW and FCAW processes.


The dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum exists in two phases: a unicellular yeast form at 37 C and a mycelium at 25 C. We have found that these two phases have selective drug susceptibilities. The mycelial form of H. capsulatum was much more susceptible to the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B than the yeast form; in contrast, the yeast form was more susceptible to the antibiotic actinomycin D. The changes in susceptibility occurred early in the transition between the two phases and permitted the transitions to be blocked by sublethal concentrations of the appropriate drugs.


Despite the countless and intensive research efforts, there is an increasing need to reverse the immunological dysfunctions on which any autoimmune disease is based. Recent evidences has shown in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) pleiotropic immune regulatory activities both in vitro and in vivo [1]. In particular MSCs seem to be receptive to inflammatory signals and able to mount peculiar tolerogenic immune responses, restoring the immune homeostasis. Unfortunately the immunosuppressive mechanisms mediated by MSCs are only partially understood with sometimes contradictory data available. Several in vitro data have demonstrated that the proliferation of T cells stimulated with either polyclonal mitogens, allogeneic cells or specific antigens is inhibited by MSCs through the arrest of lymphocytes in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle [2-4]. This non-classical form of anergy has been indicated as "tolerance arrest" of T cells [5]. In addition, MSCs have also been reported to influence the cytokine secretion profile of different T-cell subsets, causing decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)6, IL-17, and increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 [6-8]. Taken together, these results could indicate a possible MSC-mediated restoration of Th1/Th2/Th3 unbalance in all those pathologies that require the expansion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, polarization of macrophages and T helper subsets and inhibition of antigen-presenting cells.


Hardly controversial is the claim that the colossus of twentieth century dance composers is Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971). However, a new database 'Stravinsky the Global Dancer' (Jordan and Larraine Nicholas, 2003)' enables us better to understand the grounds for this claim. It details over 1,100 dances to his scores and it reveals a mass of choreographers (over 640) who have been inspired by his music and/or who have used it to establish their credentials and their place in the grand tradition. For here was 'the world's greatest living composer', Stravinsky festivals and evenings a route to success, his very name guaranteeing audiences and, indeed, for many, his music symbolised the twentieth century itself. Stravinsky developed an impeccable dance pedigree, working relations with Diaghilev and Balanchine, the one who created twentieth century ballet as an enterprise embracing the most exciting innovations across the arts, the other who for many represents the pinnacle of twentieth century choreography. Stravinsky's music is 'musique dansante', George Balanchine used to say, 'music for the body to dance to ... the floor for the dancer to walk on'.2 He meant not only the scores commissioned for dance, but also a good number composed for the concert hall. Choreographers soon flocked to stage Stravinsky's ballets, and with increasing rapidity as his new scores appeared, but as the years progressed, these gradually stopped. If the Diaghilev ballet commissions were formative, now Stravinsky turned more readily to other forms. The choreographers followed in hot pursuit. By today, practically every Stravinsky score has been used for dance.


With China's economic growth, environmental protection has become the focus of government and enterprise's attention.Monitoring of emission sources is the basis for environmental protection,also is an important task for instrumentation workers.Cangzhou Dahua Group Co., Ltd.introduced advanced continuous emission monitoring system CEMS 3000, which overcome the poor reliability and single measurement parameter of the traditional instruments,achieve the continuous and accurate monitoring,to improve the company's environmental monitoring level.


The study of heavy metals concentration in the estu arine lake Gardno water and bottom sediments showed that the river Łupawa and periodic inputs of ea water exert decisive influence on forming of the water stores and bottom sediments quality in his lake. The largest concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn were observed at river mouth into the lak region (Cd – 0.26, Cu – 3.71, Mn – 94.3, Pb – 10.01, Zn – 16.26 μg dm ) and the lowest at water outflow from the lake reg ion (Cd – 0.13, Cu – 1.81, Mn – 53.8, Pb – 8.86, Zn – 8.05 μg dm). Average concentrations of those metals in the lake water, suspension and bottom sediment f orm the following row: Mn>Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd. The contents of analysed metals were the highest in in erstitial water, smaller in near-bottom water and the smallest in surface water. Average content of metals in near-bottom suspension was about 30% higher than that in surface suspension, but enr ichment factors of those metals in suspensions do not show essential statistic differences. This p robably results from continual mixing of water masses by wind. The migration coefficients indicate d that bottom sediments of lake Gardno have large accumulation properties of heavy metals.


Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is a cheap and flexible sheet metal forming process for rapid manufacturing of complex geometries. Additionally, it is important for engineers to measure the surface finish of work pieces to assess their quality and performance. In this paper, a predictive model based on machine learning and computer vision was developed to estimate arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra) and maximum peak to valley height (Rz) of Ti6Al4V parts obtained by SPIF. An image database was prepared to train different classification algorithms in accordance with a supervised learning approach. A speeded up robust feature (SURF) detector was used to obtain visual vocabulary so that the classifiers are able to group the photographs into classes. The experimental results indicated that the proposed predictive method shows great potential to determine the surface quality, as classifiers based on a support vector machine with a polynomial kernel are suitable for this purpose.


Insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) is a common multifactorial complication associated with unsatisfactory evolution of the renal graft and the patient. We conducted a case-control study of 81 patients with more than 1 year of transplantation and without a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus before it. The cases were patients with IRS by at least 1 of the 3 criteria used (NCEP-ATP-III, WHO and IDF) and the controls were those who did not present this complication. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency before and after renal transplantation, useful criteria for the diagnosis and impact on graft function. We obtained 48.1 % of patients with IRS, of whom 18 (22.2 %) had it from the stage before transplantation and 21 (25.9 %) developed it de novo. ATP III and IDF criteria diagnosed 31 patients (79.4 %), while the WHO criterion diagnosed only 41 %. The components of the syndrome with greater presence in the study sample were: high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia and abdominal obesity in descending order, which justifies the results obtained when applying the different diagnostic criteria. On comparing the intensity of glomerular filtration and plasma creatinine values according to the presence of IRS, it was found that IRS patients presented greater deterioration of graft function, though it was not statistically significant.


Melanism has been reported for many kinds of mammals, including some rodents, but I find no record of it in Peromyscus , …


At the end of the 1840s, authored by Chartist Thomas Martin Wheeler, a new form of fiction—the 'political picaresque'—deliberately eschewed the conventions of the bourgeois novel, especially the marriage plot, and its linking of marriage and inheritance with the appropriation of land. Wheeler's formal innovations responded to the conditions of a time in which emigration, land reform, globalization, and the rise of nationalisms across Europe stirred people's feelings in contrary ways. For Chartists, land ownership was tied to a history of encroachment which had impoverished working people since medieval times. In the 1840s, these long-standing concerns were exacerbated by colonial emigration schemes that targeted working-class people for removal abroad. As it aimed to rehouse thousands of working-class people in new colonies in Britain rather than overseas, the Chartist Land Plan was a radical response to these conditions. Beset with problems, the Land Plan collapsed at the same moment at which the Chartist movement failed to achieve its political aims. In this context, Wheeler uses the novel as a fictional form in which to reimagine a democratic future. He narrativizes the transitory relationships between people and places that exist in situations of profound precarity, and creates a distinctive kinetic and spatial ecology within his text, central to which is a distinctive use of the term 'occupation' to encapsulate the inhabitation, rather than appropriation, of land. Although Wheeler's new genre was short-lived, it represents a significant attempt to recast the novel as a mode in which to imagine alternative futures.


We report a low loss one-line defect photonic crystal waveguide formed by elliptical unit cell structure. Comparing to its counterpart, circular unit cell photonic crystal waveguide, a loss reduction of 16% is obtained


In recent years, researchers have paid specific attention to safety, air pollution, and energy consumption, which are all affected by the vehicle type. The primary objective of this study is to achieve a thorough understanding of the relationships between transportation attitudes, safety attitudes, personality, as well as lifestyle and vehicle type for the first time in Iran, as a developing country. For this purpose, an interview questionnaire was designed, and 740 participants were interviewed in Tehran. Vehicle types are categorized into seven groups: mini, compact, medium, heavy, SUV, pickup, and motorcycle. In the first stage, factor analysis was used to identify the latent variables regarding transportation attitudes, safety attitudes, personality, and lifestyle. In the second step, by using these latent variables, individuals are classified, and a two-level clustering is formed. The correlation analysis performed in the third step shows a significant relationship between each category of people and the type of car. Likewise, the analyses carried out in this study reveal the significant relations between the vehicle type (classified based on fuel economy level, production country, vehicle emission, and vintage) and the attitudes of its owner. This information is beneficial to both vehicle manufacturers and transportation planners.


A peptide composed of two amphiphilic β-strands was designed and synthesized. The circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra of L-1-pyrenylalanine introduced in each segment probed that a super-secondary structure with two β-strands was formed with a left-handed twist and transformed to α-helices by the addition of trifluoroethanol.


Legislation on enforcement proceedings establishes the possibility of applying to the taxpayer-debtor a number of enforcement measures. However, their use does not always lead to the actual fulfillment of tax obligations. The paper proposes the introduction of additional measures against the debtor.


The paper addresses one-dimensional transport in a Goupillaud medium (a layered medium in which the layer thickness is proportional to the propagation speed), as a prototypical case of wave propagation in random media. Suitable stochastic assumptions and limiting procedures lead to characteristic curves that are Lévy processes. Solutions corresponding to the discretely layered medium are shown to converge to limits as the thickness of the layers goes to zero. The probability distribution of the limiting characteristic curves is explicitly computed and exemplified when the underlying Lévy process is an inverse Gaussian process.


Objective To explore the changes of nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin-1(ET-1) levels and its potential functions in acute lung injury(ALI).Methods The rabbits model was induced by injecting E.Coli endotoxin twice at 24 hours interval Results NO,ET-1 and interleukin-8(IL-8) levels in plasma,lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)increased markedly ( P 0 01)in ALI group.WBC in BALF,lung index,and lung permeability index(LPI) also increased significantly ( P 0 01).In ALI group,the plasma concentrations of all NO,ET-1 and IL-8,but their temporal dynamics were different.The increase of plasma NO and IL-8 concentration reach its peak at 120 min after endotoxin injection.While plasma ET-1 concentration increased much earlier,at 60 min post-endotoxin and its plasma concentration had reached its peak level,then waned,but restored that level approach to normal rabbit at 6 hours post-injury in lung.Conclusion NO,ET-1 and IL-8 might be an important liquit factor in different phases of ALI.All NO,ET-1 and IL-8 maybe involve in pathogenesis of ALI. [


The energy spectra and pitch angle distributions of electrons in the energy range from 50 keV to 2 MeV were determined by a solid state electron energy spectrometer during the Relativistic Electron Precipitation (REP) event of 31 May 1972. The pitch angle distributions were determined from a knowledge of the rocket aspect and the direction in space of the earth's magnetic field. The rocket aspect determination was therefore treated in depth and a method was developed to compensate for the malfunctioning of the aspect magnetometer. The electron fluxes during the REP event were highly variable demonstrating correlated energy, flux, and pitch angle pulsations with time periods of less than one second. A theoretical model for the production of relativistic electrons was proposed. It follows from this model that, at comparatively low background electron densities, the anomalous Doppler resonance leads to the acceleration of near relativistic particles.


Introduction: Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition and, in most cases, difficult to treat. Understanding its pathophysiological mechanisms and the availability of effective treatments still represents a challenge to experts. Recent evidence has shown that the immune system plays an important role in the onset and perpetuation of neuropathic pain. Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the relationship between neuropathic pain and immune system. Methodology: Search was performed in database Medline for review articles published in the last ten years, using the terms "neuropathic pain" and "immune system". The articles chosen were analysed and new searches were performed using references. Result: the evidence showed an intense relationship between the onset and maintenance of neuropathic pain and the immune system, including inflammatory mediators and cells. Conclusion: there is still a lot to clarify the role of the immune system in neuropathic pain, however, over the past ten years, the research on this interaction produced highlighted knowledge that could help in the search for more effective treatments.


Abstract The objective of this research was to study the effects of hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with an oxygen absorber on the physical, microbiological, and sensory qualities of chilled pound cake. Results demonstrated that 0.5% HPMC could retard the rate of change in firmness, increase moisture content, and increase hedonic scores of the pound cake. However, the addition of HPMC at 1.0 and 1.5% increased rate of change in firmness. The microbiological analysis showed that the chilled pound cake could be stored for 3 weeks with 0.5% HPMC addition and 6 weeks with combination of 0.5% HPMC addition and MAP.


This paper addresses the following question: "how do we fit statistical models efficiently with very large data sets that reside in databases?" Nowadays it is quite common to we encounter a situation where a very large data set is stored in a database, yet the statistical analysis is performed with a separate piece of software such as R. Usually it does not make much sense and in some cases it may not even be possible to move the data from the database manager into the statistical software in order to complete a statistical


Introduction This paper will discuss the progress of techniques for the ultrasonic charac terisation of flaws over the last 40 years and describe in more detail one of the most recent studies performed by AMEC in an attempt to validate characterisation for small (~3 m m in through-wall extent) flaws using a combination of an updated objective flaw characterisation software and post-processing algorithms for linear phased array Full  Matrix Capture data.


Synopsis T o clarifY the mechanism causing challlle/-tyj)e segregatioll, experimellts are conducted 011 a model S)lstem of all aqueous solutioll of N H .CI, alld theformatioll processes of chall lleis alld the .flow jJallern ill the musll)l ZOlle are visualizpd. T aking account of the observed results. theoretictll allafysis 011 the simultalleous hea t, mass alld momelltum trallifer ill the mushy ::olle is carried out, alld a mathematical model for the c/wlIlIel-tvpe segregatioll is developed. FOCIISillg on the difference ~rthe cooling cOllditiolls,further, the instability j)hellomell{/ illducing the challllel are theoreticalfy allali::ed 011 the basis of the /)erturbatioll theory. The anafytical resulis are COli firmed h)1 the model experimellts. Thermal insulation of the side walls is esselltial for preventillg the challnel-l)lpe segregatioll. II'hen a mold is to be cooled through its side walls, /)Yoper -,election qf ollo.v finnm ts can sti ll prPlImt the forma tion of c/wnnpis.


To overcome the lack of the standard BP algorithm that it easily falls into local minimum points in the training process,the paper brings forward a kind of training method of the BP network based on the plant growth simulation.The method put probability into the process of the network training to make the training to escape from the local minimum to reach the global minimum,and to render the network to speed up the convergence.One example is given to show the availability of the improved algorithm by using Matlab.The simulation result shows that the improved algorithm is available.