Since China took open and reform policy and distributed lands to individual peasant households in 1978,peasants no longer share the same economical interests and hold different requirements about land profits.From the angle of maximization the rights of peasants,the current land system should be reformed.


Objective To evaluate the feasibility of MRI in defining appropriate target volumes and normal organs,and compare MRI sequences with CT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods The CT and MRI scanning of 8 untreated patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were performed in treating position with immobilized mask.All imagings were transferred and registrated at AcQSIM4.9.2 workstation.Imagings in 8 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma of 3 MRI sequences(T1WI,T2WI,contrast T1WI)were compared with their corresponding CT scannings.Segmentation ability of the following structures eg.parapharyngeal space,base of skull,intracranial part,prevertebral tissue,spinal cord,eyeball and brain stem were evaluated by 2 physicians.Six point grading scale based on anatomical definition of the organ boundary and tissue contrast were used to assess.Results The average scores of all structures assessed by each imaging sequences were as follows:parapharyngeal space CT 2.750 ± 0.370,T1WI 4.250 ± 0.250,T2WI 4.500 ± 0.380,contrast T1WI 5.625 ± 0.180;base of skull CT 2.375 ± 0.625,T1WI 3.125 ± 0.515,T2WI 2.750 ± 0.590,contrast T1 4.250 ± 0.725;intracranial part CT 1.000,T1WI 1.375 ± 0.375,T2WI 1.875 ± 0.580,contrast T1 WI 2.125 ± 0.740;prevertebral tissue CT 2.000,T1WI 4.125 ± 0.230,T2 WI 5.000 ± 0.190,contrast T1WI 5.375 ± 0.375;spinal cord CT 4.125 ± 0.230,T1 WI 6.000,T2WI 6.000,contrast T1WI 6.000;eyeball CT 5.375 ± 0.180,T1 WI 6.000,T2 WI 6.000,contrast T1WI 6.000;brain stem CT 3.500 ± 0.190,T1WI 6.000,T2WI 6.000,contrast T1WI 6.000.Compared with CT,the average MRI score of each assessed structure was improved,with a trend for all contrast T1 WI sequences to provide improved segmentation of all structures.Conclusion Compared with CT,it is demonstrated that MRI can provide improved definition of nasoparyngeal carcinoma target volumes and normal tissue,but further study should be done to confirm its benefit and explore the issues of MRI associated distortion and scan time,before MRI performing routinely in nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy.


In this paper, we tackle the problem of automatically generating algorithms for linear algebra operations by taking advantage of problem-specific knowledge. In most situations, users possess much more information about the problem at hand than what current libraries and computing environments accept; evidence shows that if properly exploited, such information leads to uncommon/unexpected speedups. We introduce a knowledge-aware linear algebra compiler that allows users to input matrix equations together with properties about the operands and the problem itself; for instance, they can specify that the equation is part of a sequence, and how successive instances are related to one another. The compiler exploits all of this information to guide the generation of algorithms, to limit the size of the search space, and to avoid redundant computations. We applied the compiler to equations arising as part of sensitivity and genome studies. For the first application, the algorithms produced by our compiler attained, when compared with ADIFOR, speedups of between 29× and 79×. In the case of genome studies, the produced algorithms outperformed the state-of-the-art libraries GenABEL and FaST-LMM by factors beyond 1000.


Taking the bending stiffness and static sag into consideration,the space nonlinear vibration partical differential equations are derived.The equations are discretized in space by finite center difference approximation,then the nonlinear differential equations are obtained for the in-plane vibration of the cables-dampers system.A semi-active control strategy,the MR(Magnetorheological Dampers) dampers are used as actuators,is presented based on the fuzzy set theory.And a vibration control of the cables-dampers system is analyzed by the proposed strategy.The proposed method has some advantage of inherent robustness,and easy to handle the nonlinear characteristics of the structure,because there is no longer the needs for an exact mathematical model of the structure,and needs to know a few input variables from the vibration sensors,which will deal with the difficulty of testing response information of the structure vibration.The output of the present method is directly inputed to the MR dampers as input voltage,and the fuzzy logical controller can be easiby evaluated in the real civil engineering structure.Compared with the LQR-Clipped method,in which the MR dampers' voltage only can be Zero or Maximum,the present method can make desired voltage value for MR dampers.As numerical examples,the practical cables are analyzed for freedom vibration.The research results demonstrate that the present method can get better effectiveness than both passive off control and passive on control,and almost the same effectiveness as LQR-Clipped strategy.However,smaller control force is needed in the present method than the LQR-Clipped method.It means that the proposed strategy can promote efficiency of the MR Dampers.


Climate change is known to simultaneously increase berry sugars but decrease anthocyanins, leading to an imbalance between sugars and anthocyanins in grape berries. To restore the balance of sugars and anthocyanins, carbon limitation by leaf removal and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) were separately or simultaneously applied to Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon fruit cuttings to decipher their effects on berry quality with metabolite and whole-genome transcriptome analyses. Carbon limitation decreased the hexose concentration and fully blocked the accumulation of anthocyanins. However, exogenous ABA increased the anthocyanin concentration under both carbon limitation and sufficient conditions. Carbon limitation and exogenous ABA induced the profound remodeling of the whole-genome transcriptome and altered the anthocyanin concentration by regulating the transcription levels of genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways as well as in the genes involved in various types of hormone signaling. Moreover, two pertinent candidate genes were identified based on the co-expression network analysis between the berry metabolite and transcriptome results, including a transcriptional factor, ERF2, and a calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase gene, CIPK25. In summary, simultaneously modifying the carbon supply by leaf removal and spraying exogenous ABA could re-establish the balance between sugars and anthocyanins to improve the qualities of grape berries via whole-genome transcriptome remodeling.


This research studies the behavior of the FRP-concrete interface subjected to two environmental substances. Frist is to investigate the behavior by the application of different bonding materials at the interface between FRP and concrete, second is to understand a long-term performance at the interface by Freeze-thaw actions. The parameters considered in this research are the maximum bonding strength and the effective bonding length at the FRP-concrete interface. In the first experimental phase, three types of specimens are fabricated and tested considering the number of applied bonding materials and the Freeze-thaw tests are performed to evaluate the behavior of the interface in the cycle range of 0 to 300 cycles. Finally, it is known that there is a 5~7% difference of the effective bonding length between applied bonding materials and the values for the maximum stress and the effective length under Freeze-thaw action are varied randomly as the freeze-thaw cycle is increased even though initial reduction of their capacities are occurred.


Historical manuscripts and archival documentation are handwritten texts which are the backbone sources for historical inquiry. Recent developments in the digital humanities field and the need for extracting information from the historical documents have fastened the digitization processes. Cutting edge machine learning methods are applied to extract meaning from these documents. Page segmentation (layout analysis), keyword, number and symbol spotting, handwritten text recognition algorithms are tested on historical documents. For most of the languages, these techniques are widely studied and high performance techniques are developed. However, the properties of Arabic scripts (i.e., diacritics, varying script styles, diacritics, and ligatures) create additional problems for these algorithms and, therefore, the number of research is limited. In this research, we first automatically spotted the Arabic numerals from the very first series of population registers of the Ottoman Empire conducted in the mid-nineteenth century and recognized these numbers. They are important because they held information about the number of households, registered individuals and ages of individuals. We applied a red color filter to separate numerals from the document by taking advantage of the structure of the studied registers (numerals are written in red). We first used a CNN-based segmentation method for spotting these numerals. In the second part, we annotated a local Arabic handwritten digit dataset from the spotted numerals by selecting uni-digit ones and tested the Deep Transfer Learning method from large open Arabic handwritten digit datasets for digit recognition. We achieved promising results for recognizing digits in these historical documents.


Passive smoking, or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), exposure is a great public health concern. Although most countries ban smoking in public places, these health policies do not protect those who are passively exposed in domestic environments. In any community, children are the most susceptible population to the harmful effects of ETS exposure, because they are very sensitive to toxicants and spend the most of their time at home (1). ETS exposure is usually evaluated by the analytical determination of the urinary levels of cotinine (u-cotinine), which is the main metabolite of nicotine. Several studies have been performed to assess the levels of ETS exposure in children living, or not living, with cohabiting smokers (2,3). The results demonstrated the fundamental effect of parental smoking and smoking habits at home on ETS exposure levels in cohabiting children. In this issue of Acta Paediatrica, a crosssectional study by Wang et al. (4) examined the u-cotinine concentrations in a group of 368 Chinese children living with at least one smoker. The research aimed to investigate the association between fathers smoking behaviours at home and u-cotinine levels among the study population. The fathers were interviewed face to face to collect information about their age and education, house characteristics, socio-economic status of the family and smoking habits at home and in the car, and the u-cotinine concentrations in the childrens urine were determined by a gas chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry technique. The results of study showed that the significant predictors of u-cotinine concentrations in the children were the number of cigarettes smoked in front of the children at home each day, the number of cigarettes smoked by the father in front of the children at home and the mean duration of the children's exposure to ETS at home. The authors focused their attention on the contribution of smoking fathers to the ETS exposure of cohabiting children and discussed this finding in depth. Based on their results, they concluded that strategies are needed to help smoking fathers to stop smoking and make their homes smoke-free in order to help reduce their children's ETS exposure. However, their results also highlighted that anyone who smokes at home determines the passive smoking exposure of cohabiting children. Therefore, policies and intervention programmes that aim to make homes smoke-free should be targeted at all family members. This is of particular relevance, because the fathers' interviews showed that almost all (97.6%) of the smoking adults cohabiting with the study children did not follow any smoking restrictions at home.


Summary form only given. Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) is a technology used to modify material surface properties. By repetitively applying negative high-voltage bias pulses to the substrate, ions are extracted from the plasma, accelerated across the high voltage sheath and implanted into the substrate. The accumulated ion implantation dose for this technique depends upon the ion current drawn by the substrate, which is determined by the sheath expansion during the pulse. We have carried out some measurements of ion saturation current in PIII using a filtered vacuum arc metal plasma source. The vacuum arc plasma jet is characterized by its spatial non-uniformity and high ion drift velocity. In order to investigate these effects we have placed the substrate at various distances from the source exit plane and various angles with respect to the jet streaming direction. The bias pulse was up to -8 kV. We found that the ion saturation current increases with applied voltage. We have also measured the dependence of ion saturation current on the angular target position with respect to the plasma stream. A model was developed for the sheath expansion in a non-uniform plasma with substantial drift velocity. We find that generally the nonuniformity and high drift velocity lead to a decrease in the sheath thickness. In a non-uniform plasma, the ion saturation current increases with applied voltage. Predictions of our model were found to be in agreement with experiment.


The contributors to this focus issue participated in a unique gathering of over sixty scholars in Lukenya, Kenya in January 2009, organized by Globethics.net. The three contributions here by Sumner B. Twiss, Shanta Premawardhana, and Ariane Hentsch Cisneros are not the outcome of the deliberations and discussions there; however, they led to the idea of this focus issue. Each essay incorporates major aspects of the general themes discussed in different groups at the Lukenya meeting: (1) defining global ethics; (2) ensuring a successful interreligious dialogue on ethics; (3) integrating means and methods of sharing values in a human to human approach; (4) balancing power relations, inducing a real transformation; and (5) sharing values in the Kenyan and East-African contexts.


A receiving device for a motor vehicle to receive signals (1) transmitted wirelessly includes an antenna (2) which is mounted on an arm (4) wiper. The signals (1) received are transmitted via a cable (5) to a flexible unit (3) receiving in which they are operated.


This paper investigates the relationship between running a discount campaign and operational capacity by particularly examining an e-commerce company. The problem most firms face when running promotions is that their infrastructure cannot endure overload and thus the companies cannot deliver the expected service or product on time or with desired quality. This condition results in low quality in service which affects the customer loyalty and thus brands. The dissatisfaction related to lead time growth can have an adverse effect on the company. Thus dynamics of operations can have major effects on dynamics of the brand. Practically no or little attention has been paid to dynamics of the brand and its relation with the operation so far. The aim of this paper is to study the dynamics of brand and customer loyalty specifically.


The decision on the management of hypertensive patients should be based not only on the blood pressure measured at the doctor's office as a single entity; this should include modern techniques for proper diagnosis. Identifying subtypes of hypertension becomes a priority when it comes to long-term therapeutic strategies, both in terms of antihypertensive therapy and in terms of cardiovascular risk assessment.


Many experiential and clinical trials in cancer treatment show that a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitor with another agent can improve the tumor reduction. Anti Programmed death 1 (Anti-PD-1) is one of these immune checkpoint inhibitors that re-activate immune cells to inhibit tumor growth.  In this work, we consider a combination treatment of anti-PD-1 and Interleukin-27 (IL-27). IL-27 has anti-cancer functions to promote the development of Th1 and CD8$^+$ T cells, but it also upregulates the expression of PD-1 and Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to inactivate these T cells. Thus, the functions of IL-27 in tumor growth is controversial. Hence, we create a simplified mathematical model to investigate whether IL-27 is pro-cancer or anti-cancer in the combination with anti-PD-1 and to what degree anti-PD-1 improves the efficacy of IL-27. Our synergy analysis for the combination treatment of IL-27 and anti-PD-1 shows that (i) ant-PD-1 can efficiently improve the treatment efficacy of IL-27; and (ii) there exists a monotone increasing function $F_c(G)$ depending on the treatment efficacy of anti-PD-1 $G$ such that IL-27 is an efficient anti-cancer agent when its dose is smaller than $F_c(G)$, whereas IL-27 is a pro-cancer agent when its dose is higher than $F_c(G)$. Our analysis also provides the existence and the local stability of the trivial, non-negative, and positive equilibria of the model. Combining with simulation, we discuss the effect of the IL-27 dosage on the equilibria and find that the T cells and IFN-$\gamma$ could vanish and tumor cells preserve, when the production rate of T cells by IL-27 is low or the dosage of IL-27 is low.


Specific degradation reactions of the 'reactive isomer' of the [C2B10H13]– anion, [r-C2B10H13]–, result in the removal of one or two carbon atoms from the cage to produce a series of monocarbaboranes 9-Me-10-HO-nido-[7-CB10H11]–, 8-Me3N-arachno-4-CB8H12, and arachno-4-CB7H12, together with the binary borane 2-Me-nido-B6H9; further reactions give the compounds 8-Me3N-9-Me-nido-6-CB9H10, arachno-4,6-CSB7H11, and closo-[1-CB7H8]–.


The paper deals with the relevance of environmental education nowadays. The introduction gives an overall description of the notion of environmental education and its place in education in general. Various training models at the Pollack Mihaly Engineering Faculty of Janus Pannonius University are described next where an entire sub-chapter is devoted to environmental education at the institution. The role of the school as a model is highlighted. A great number of activities and techniques are listed with the help of which the primary role of the teacher is reduced and student participation is stressed. In the next part the author provides a detailed report of various environmental projects in in-service training programmes among them the "Health", the "For Our Environment" or the "Mecsek" projects. In the end the relationship of the pedagogical department with local authorities is described. The paper concludes the utmost importance of environmental education.


The Encyclical Fratelli Tutti, based on the ideal of fraternity and the construction of an open society, introduces an important novelty in the social magisterium: the traditional criticism against liberalism and socialism, based on the dignity of the human person, is replaced by a confrontation with "forms of populism and liberalism", centered on the notion of "people", stressing the importance of social bonds. Behind the formal neatness, however, the three basic concepts of this new framework are inadequately defined. The mythical identity of the people, which allows the distinction between the "popular" leader and the "populist" one, lays beyond any rational control; the equation of liberalism with extreme individualism is an oversimplification, and socialism is fully omitted despite the danger it represents to the fundamental rights. A dialogue without prejudices with the liberal thought would represent a meaningful contribution to the open society this text promotes.


Cognitive task analysis (CTA) methodologies are used to discover expertise that domain practitioners utilize in order to perform tasks, but are unable to reliably articulate when asked directly. We describe a methodology that walks through a novice's process on a task in order to serve as a probe for elicitation of expert commentary. Six experienced intelligence analysts with three levels of prior knowledge critiqued the process a junior analyst employed to determine the causes and consequences of the Ariane 501 rocket launch failure. Preliminary data analyses reveal interesting insights about the nature of expertise in intelligence analysis. This appears to be a promising alternative methodology for CTA when there are access restrictions, low frequency or unpredictability of target observation events, or difficulty in recruiting experts who wish to be evaluated on their task performance.


[1] Ocean tide models around Antarctica are presently only sparsely tested against independent data. Ocean tide modeling errors, along with subsequent ocean tide loading (OTL) displacement modeling errors, alias into altimetry and time variable gravity (e.g., Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)) time series, for example. To validate various ocean tide models around Antarctica, GPS data from 15 sites have been used to derive three-dimensional displacement estimates at eight diurnal and semidiurnal tidal frequencies. Using hundreds of days of GPS data, harmonic parameters were estimated on a daily basis then combined. These were then compared with OTL displacement estimates derived from global and regional ocean tide models. In East Antarctica, where the tides are well defined, submillimeter differences are demonstrated in each coordinate component with the lunar N2 and Q1 constituents in closest agreement. As found in other studies, K1 and, especially, K2 agree less well. The spatial variation in the misfits for these two constituents indicates a site dependency, with the K2 errors also suggesting an interaction with satellite-dependent effects. In West Antarctica, where sites are nearer the largest ice shelves, agreement with the older models (CSR3 and TPXO.2) and NAO.99b is poor for all constituents. Modeled tidal gravity variations were also compared with gravity measurements at the South Pole. Overall the GPS and gravity data agree best with newer tide models, namely, TPXO.6, CADA00.10, FES99, and CATS02.01. However, validation data are lacking at the southern extents of the large ice shelves, and hence some uncertainty still exists in all ocean tide models in these regions.


SUMMARY People with mental disorder and intellectual disability have the same rights to sexual expression as other people, albeit that in some cases a lack of capacity may require curtailment of those rights and regard must be had to protecting the vulnerable. Furthermore, the formation or maintenance of sexual relations, or the attainment of sexual fulfilment, may assist in the maintenance or restoration of mental health or well-being. This article demonstrates how the courts in England and Wales, applying statute law and judicial precedent, are largely supportive of the rights of people with mental disorder or intellectual disability to make decisions about sexual expression, sexual relationships and related matters, notwithstanding some societal and staff attitudes that act to prevent them fulfilling their sexual needs and making decisions about sexual and reproductive matters. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Understand the underlying principles that apply to the exercise of their sexual rights by people with mental disorder or intellectual disability• Understand some of the obstacles to the exercise of sexual rights by people with mental disorder or intellectual disability• Understand the statute and case law that apply to the exercise of sexual rights by people with mental disorder or intellectual disability DECLARATION OF INTEREST None.


It´s important to consider all the risks that the players are exposed to and have a holistic view on the matter. The conclusions from my sponsor and looking through research in the area I came to t ...


The wonder material, graphene, is now on the stage from academic research to real-world industrial application. Graphene oxide (GO), an oxygenated form of monolayer graphene platelet, is playing a crucial role for the large-scale production of minimal layer stacked graphene. Effective purification of GO by removing acidic and ionic impurities is the essential step for high dispersibility and long-term colloidal stability, endowing graphene oxide liquid crystal (GOLC) formation. GOLC can be readily utilized not only for the production of high quality graphene platelets but also in the straightforward design of multi-dimensional architectures, including 1D, 2D, and 3D, for the functional graphene-based material fabrication. Motivated from the inexpensive raw material and inherently scalable solution process, GOLC-based materials offer an idealized platform for the practical balance between material performance and economic cost. Herein, recent progress and future prospective associated with the commercialization of 2D GOLC-based materials are highlighted, specifically concerning the recent energy, environmental, and pandemic issues. Relevant crucial advantages and perspectives are reviewed for practical applications, including supercapcitors, membrane, molecular adsorption, and antimicrobial material.


The objective of this paper is to employ biotic ligand model (BLM) to link between acute copper (Cu) toxicity and its effect on valve closure behavior of freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea in order to further support for the BLM that potentially offers a rapid and cost‐effective method to conduct the acute toxicity tests for freshwater clam exposed to waterborne Cu. Reanalysis of published experimental data of C. fluminea closure daily rhythm and dose–response profiles based on the laboratory‐acclimated clams showed that a BLM‐based Hill model best described the free Cu2+‐activity‐valve closure response relationships. Our proposed Cu‐BLM‐Corbicula model shows that free ionic form of waterborne Cu binds specifically to a biotic ligand (i.e., clam gills) and impairs normal valve closure behavior, indicating that a fixed‐level of metal accumulation at a biotic ligand is required to elicit specific biological effects. With derived mechanistic‐based Cu‐BLM‐Corbicula model, we show that the site‐specific EC50(t) and valve closure behavior at any integrated time can be well predicted, indicating that our model has the potential to develop a biomonitoring system as a bioassay tool to on‐line measure waterborne Cu levels in aquatic systems. Our results confirm that BLM can be improved to analytically and rigorously describe the bioavailable fraction of metal causing toxicity to valve closure behavior in freshwater C. fluminea. We suggest that the Cu‐BLM‐Corbicula model can be used to assist in developing technically defensible site‐specific water quality criteria and performing ecological risk assessment and to promote more focused and efficient uses of resources in the regulation and control of metals and the protection of the aquatic ecosystems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 295–307, 2007.


= Abstract Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia was produced in rats after intraductal administration of enterokinase. This experimental pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia could be prevented by the conmitant intraductal injection of trasylol or soybean trypsin inhibitor. If these results could be extrapolated to man, then intraductal trasylol might be useful in the prevention of iatrogenic acute pancreatits which may occur after endoscopic retrograde pancreato-cholangiography.


ABSTRACT DC-DC converter plays a major role in microgrid and energy storage system using operational stability and synchronised power delivery. In this paper, an energy management control algorithm is proposed based on closed-loop proportional-integral (PI) to solve and analyse the issues of unstable DC link voltage. During grid-connected mode, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS), i.e. super-capacitor (SC) and battery units are charged from different hybrid energy resource, i.e. solar and wind. In the absence of energy resources (solar or wind), the energy storage units (supercapacitor and battery) need to supply the grid, which is the main aim of this work. Initially, the energy management control is used to control the generated power from wind and solar for the stability requirement. The MPPT technique has been considered here to make system flexibility and compatibility with different PV cell and wind energy. This proposed system successfully tracked the maximum power, which is analysed using the combined development of galactic swarm optimisation (GSO) based incremental conductance (IC) algorithm. Using GSO in MPPT should reduce the steady-state oscillation and get high convergence rate. The whole work is implemented in Matlab/Simulink platform and the performance of proposed is compared with existing algorithms. Abbreviation: HESS: Hybrid Energy Storage System; MPT: Maximum PowerPoint; PWM: Pulse Width Modulation; SOC: State of Charge; PMSG: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator; PI: Proportional Integral; AC: Alternating Current; DC: Direct Current; GSO: Galactic Swarm Optimization


Communication as the essence of interaction between people plays an important role in all aspects of life, including politics. The view that communication includes politics, presumably understandable, because politics is all-present (ubiquitous) and multi-dimensional. Political communication, in practice can take the form of speech, public speaking or rhetoric. And when it comes to political communication in its various forms, our attention will be drawn to the various colors of the speeches of legislators (in this paper the author mentions lawmakers). There are three indicators analyzed, by using Aristotle's rhetorical theory, namely Ethos, pathos and Logos. This paper uses a qualitative method which is considered as a written analysis of words related to ideas, ideas, beliefs, feelings, habits and behaviors of human Walliman in (Akbar, 2021).  The analysis used by the authors is descriptive analytical to provide an overview of how the perspectives of lawmakers (in other terms, legislators) view the functioning of the state and government in the covid 19 vaccination program. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique in writing this article departs from an explanation (Creswell, 2014) which focuses on data analysis through data organization, reading and recording, as well as description, clarification, and interpretation (Agustino, 2020). The result is that MPs' speeches on Indonesia's Covid 19 handling policies are largely determined by their position, whether from government-supporting parties or the opposition


Ab initio calculations, using density functional theory with the B3LYP functional, have been applied to the adsorption of the chemical warfare agent simulant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and the corresponding real agent Sarin on γ-Al 2O3. The goals are to determine the accuracy with which the adsorbed molecules (for which experimental data are available) can be modeled and to conduct a "side-by-side" comparison of the bonding of these species to γ-Al 2O3. Free-standing Al 8O12 and Al20O30 clusters give reasonable descriptions of the adsorbate structure and properties, and the results are not strongly dependent on cluster size or basisset quality. For either molecule, the energetically favorable mode of adsorption is Al -OdP dative-bond formation, in agreement with experiment. Results for the physisorption of H 2O are compared to those reported for a two-dimensionally periodic slab in order to test the reliability of the free-standing cluster model. The adsorption energy of DMMP on the Al 20O30 cluster (-57.5 kcal/mol at the 6-311G(df) level) is greater than that of Sarin ( -49.2 kcal/mol). The infrared-active normal-mode frequencies for free DMMP and Sarin have been used to verify the reported mode assignments for these species. For the adsorbed molecules, the ν(Pd O) stretch shows a red-shift (relative to the gas phase) of ∼60 cm-1 (observed) vs about 84 cm -1 (calculated). The calculated shifts for other modes are much smaller and generally agree with experiment.


The greenhouse vegetable industry is very energy and CO2 intensive. Heating greenhouse crops with microwaves offers potential improvements in energy efficiency of at least 50%. Furthermore, the efficiency of a microwave crop heating system compared to a conventional system is largely dependent on the plant mass and the volume that it occupies. Presented here are results confirming plants can be grown successfully, and to similar standards as conventionally heated plants, using microwave heating. Furthermore, the performance of the plants is a function of the resultant temperature and the uniformity of the heating pattern within the plant. Heating uniformity can be improved dramatically by using circularly polarized incident electromagnetic fields. Providing power requirements can be met, microwave heating results in similar growth characteristics as conventionally heated plants.


The Bologna Process,as an essential part of European higher education,has received great attention from all over the world.The essay discusses the response to the Bologna Process from the United States,Australia and Canada where higher education is well-developed,providing the enlightenment for China's higher education reform.


In this paper, an attempt has been made to design a new microstrip-fed monopole antenna for wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems. The proposed antenna is fabricated on the FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4. By cutting a pair of inverted L-shaped slits in the square radiating patch, a new resonance at lower frequency (2.4GHz) can be achieved, also by inserting two L-shaped slits in the ground plane, the antenna achieves good dual-band operation. The measured impedance bandwidth for l0 dB return loss is from 2.05 GHz to 2.76 GHz (29.9%) and 4.6 GHz to 5.46 GHz (17.0%), covering the 2.4 and 5.2 GHz wireless fidelity operating bands. Simulated and experimental results obtained for this antenna show that the proposed monopole antenna has a good antenna gains and radiation behavior, with a small dimension of 12× 18 mm 2 .


Down syndrome (DS), also known as Trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of human chromosome 21. Individuals with DS exhibit various phenotypes such as cognitive, skeletal and craniofacial abnormalities. The Ts65Dn mouse model displays similar craniofacial abnormalities as observed in humans with DS including a small, undersized mandible. To gain a better understanding of craniofacial abnormalities, we study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these abnormalities. Previous studies conducted in our lab identified a deficit in neural crest (NC) cells in the first pharyngeal arch (PA1) or mandibular precursor by embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5). We hypothesize that the inherent molecular mechanism responsible for the small, undersized mandible is overexpression of dual-specificity tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1a), a gene that is found in three copies in individuals with DS and Ts65Dn mice. To test our hypothesis, we bred Ts65Dn mice with Dyrk1a knockout mice, thus reducing Dyrk1a copy number to normal levels. This study provides the foundation for understanding the function of Dyrk1a. We also treated embryos with Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol that is known to inhibit Dyrk1a activity. We will examine the molecular and cellular effects of Dyrk1a and EGCG on the developing PA1 on E9.5 embryos. In both the genetic and pharmacological manipulations, we expect to find a larger overall embryonic size, a larger PA1 size and increased number of NC cells.


Application of high molecular polymer preparation and dosing system in Fuzhou Eastern Waterworks was introduced,and the influence of combined use of inorganic coagulant and cationic polyacrylamide coagulation aid on the water production cost,water quality,and sludge dewatering was analyzed.


The paper describes how nutrition was incorporated into the crowded pre-clinical medical curriculum in the University of the West Indies which trains doctors for its 14 member states. Close consultation with dietetics, nutrition and clinical departments in Jamaica, Trinidad and Barbados ensured the curriculum was relevant to regional health problems and the medical curriculum. The main goals were to: (1) instil positive attitudes towards nutrition in the students; (2) teach nutrition integrated with biochemistry and physiology; and (3) lay the scientific basis for applying nutrition to clinical medicine. The paper outlines which key concepts were taught and the strategies used. The curriculum was evaluated twice, after 5 and 9 years.

These surveys found that students in their first clinical year were satisfied with nutrition teaching, especially when it was conducted by specialists. Despite changes in staff and a fall in the number of lecture hours, the goals of the programme were met. Successful co-ordination depended upon flexibility and rapport with staff.


The article is based upon the literature describing the experimental work done by J.P. Roumalki and researchers at the Columbus Laboratories of the Battelle Memorial Institute under the guidance of the Battelle Development Corporation, Columbus, Ohio, which led to the international patent for Wirand concrete. This concrete contains up to 3 per cent in volume of 0 0,25 - 0,40 mm steel fibre 25 mm long. The size of the largest aggregate is 10 mm. The material is characterized by a high bending tensile strength of 150 kg/sq. cm maximum. This concrete can be used especially for shell structures, thin plates- road and runway surfacings, bridge decks, beams, marine constructions, etc.


Glass has many properties that make it an ideal substrate for important 3D-IC applications such as interposer substrates and glass carrier wafers. Critical material properties such as: ultra-high resistivity, low dielectric constant, ultra-low electrical loss and tailorable CTE, provide unique advantages. Forming processes such as the fusion forming process provide additional advantages around the ability to deliver low total thickness variation (TTV) without downstream grinding and polishing processes providing positive implications on both cost and performance. The ability to scale substrate sizes in size (450 mm wafers, panels) and thickness (down to 100 um) as well as panels provides tremendous advantages for the ability to scale for high volume manufacture. Just as important as being able to provide glass with these important attributes, is the ability to properly characterize them. We provide a summary highlighting the importance of the glass attributes in glass interposer and carrier applications, as well as implications of using the appropriate metrology solution to characterize them.


In the face of the extending continuously scale of Chinese higher education,this essay tells some ways on how to guarantee and improve the educational quality.To strengthen and improve the quality of higher education,we can re understand the qualitative viewpoint of higher education,deal with the structural shortage of teachers,strengthen the legislation of higher education,set up the supervisory system of higher education.


With minimal Joule loss, magnetic insulator-based quantized spin-waves or magnons are becoming increasingly popular for device applications including logic-circuits and signal processing. The parametric excitation-based nonlinear behavior that plays an important role in such applications is also interesting from a physics perspective. In this work, we demonstrate quantitative prediction of the threshold microwave-field needed for initiating nonlinear behavior in the presence of a secondary microwave frequency. This would allow the in situ control of non-linearity and, hence, prove to be useful for a wide range of applications, especially those involving microwave devices. The fine structures, appearing in the threshold-field upon variation in the frequency of the secondary frequency, have been demonstrated using simulations and explained analytically. The impact of the magnon phase relative to the pump is also quantitatively determined.


The effects of six basal media on in vitro shoot proliferation of the greek grapevines Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Malagouzia' and 'Xinomavro' were investigated. Galzy and Zlenco proved to be the most effective for 'Malagouzia' and 'Xinomavro', respectively. If only BA was present in the medium, shoot development was poor and the plantlets were chlorotic. When the medium was supplemented with BA and NAA, growth was enhanced. The best ratio (in μM) of growth regulators was 0.5/0.3 for 'Malagouzia', and 0.1/0.03 for 'Xinomavro', which resulted in the highest number of microshoots per explant and greatest proliferation rate. The development of 'Malagouzia' and 'Xinomavro' explants at 21±2 and 26±2°C was also investigated, revealing the higher temperature to be more effective. Regarding rooting, 0.5 μM IBA improved root formation at 26°C for 'Malagouzia' and 0.5 μM IBA at 21°C for 'Xinomavro'. Moreover, 0.5 μM IBA resulted in a higher rooting percentage (>95%) and proved to be more beneficial for the overall morphological appearance of the plantlets of 'Malagouzia'. After acclimatization, survival of microshoots cultivated in media with IBA was higher than those in NAA.


This research entitled " Analysis Career woman Attention Of The Success Of Child Education In Family In Sawagi Village Of Pattallassang District Of Gowa Regency." This research aims to know the influence of career woman attention to the success of children education strategy for career woman in dividing time to give attention to education children, the factors that support and inhibit for career women to give attention to children's education. The research method is using qualitative and quantitative approach, the data obtained through interview is processed by using qualitative data, while the data obtained through alternative questionnaire answers are processed by using quantitative descriptive approach, and test the analysis using SPPS.volume 20.0 progaram assistance. The result of the acquisition is that the concern for a mother who has a career in physical bentuik in medium category is mean 0,5 and attention in psychic form is in high category that is mean 3,40. Both forms of attention have a positive effect on the success of children's education. Because one aspect that improves the success of children in education is an external factor that one of them from the family. Similarly, the strategy for career women in dividing the time to give attention to the success of their children's education is for mothers whose career has cooperation with other family, and the factors that support a mother's attention are the talent and intelligence of the child itself, while the inhibiting factor consists of influence environment, media and talent as well as the intelligence of the child itself.


Conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels is one promising method for mitigating global warming and fossil fuel depletion. However, hindered by the dual barriers of CO2 activation and ...


Though the effects of the nummerous antituberous drugs for early pulmonary tuberculosis and the adequate surgical treatment for the pulm. Tubercurous patients have marked a great epoch in recent year, still another problems associated with the increase of the far advanced pulm. Tuberculosis which do not respond for drug therapy due to the occurane of resistant strain. postope rative complications and depression of the cardiorespiratory function are we faced with. The author examined the results of Chemotherapy and surgical treatment for 82 cases of the far advanced pulm. tuberculosis and following observations have been made.1. Recently it is a noteworthy thing that the far advanced pulm. Tuberculosis tend to increase due to the inadequate and interrupted long term Chemotherapy. These are almost the drug resistant cases which have persistent positive sputum.2. Thc criteria of the surgical treatment for such far advanced cases is the prevention of post-operative complication and the study of cardio-respirators function.3. The thoracoplasty for these far advanced cases should bc reconcidered from the point of view of cardio-respiratory function.4. Thc pneumonectomy is concidered as an operation of choice for these far advanced cases than the lobectomy combined with segmental resection.


In some of the petroleum reservoirs recently discovered north of the Arctic Circle, production wells extend through thick permafrost. Several authors have reported zones of gas hydrate associated with those areas. A potential problem exists when warm oil from deep producing formations flows up the producing well, losing heat as it passes through the hydrate zones. The resulting radial thaw decomposition of the solid gas hydrate in turn may initiate settlement in the surrounding soil and/or may generate loads on the well casing due to the insitu gas pressure build up. A finite element study using the ADINAT program has produced a temperature distribution with time for a producing oil well through a layered stratigraphy of frozen sand, sand with hydrate, and shale layers. The analysis shows that the pressure buildup due to hydrate decomposition does not appear to be a serious technical problem.


The research program in seismic exploration in progress in the Mathematics Department of the University of Denver is described. This work is identified here by the term velocity inversion. The mathematical formulations employed by this group are outlined and results of computer implementation are depicted. Ongoing research is also presented.


Tris-(l,10-phenanthroline)-iron(II) ion is familiarly known as ferroin which is extensively used as redox indicator in titrimetric analysis [1]. The oxidized form of this red complex ion is the blue tris-(l,lO-phenanthroline)-iron(III) ion also called ferriin. It is interesting to note that the latter complex cannot, however, be prepared by direct interaction of the metal ion and ligand. The study of the dissociation of ferroin [2-6] as a function of acidity, ion specificity and solvent composition has revealed some interesting kinetic principles. The corresponding study on ferriin [2-4] is, however, lacking in completeness and detail also, as the investigations are mainly directed to water as solvent. LEE et al. [2] found that the decomposition of ferriin was first order in 0-5 M sulphuric acid and that the rate decreased with increasing sulphuric acid concentration. The latter effect was attributed to the formation of FeHiphen)** through the following equilibrium reaction:


This study aims to determine the effectiveness of managing village funds sourced from APBDes in Bagik Manis Village, Sambelia District, East Lombok Regency, the data collection method in this study uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data originating from budget realization in Bagik Manis Village, Sambelia District, East Lombok Regency in 2019.
The effectiveness of the management of village fund allocations is in the effective category, both seen from the effectiveness ratio according to the Ministry of Home Affairs and the effectiveness measure from the results of interviews in Bagik Manis Village, Sambelia District, East Lombok Regency as the recipient of ADD funds is fully responsible for implementing and reporting ADD finances in the village for the benefit of the community. It's just that certain programs or fields need to be improved in terms of funds and attention so that there is no overlap in each field, and not only the transparency of village officials to the community regarding the allocation of village funds makes community participation less in government policies. However, the village government is able to minimize these obstacles so that they are able to complete their tasks properly.


This paper focuses to the beams initially modulated in frequency. How the saturation of absorption and refraction affects the transmission of modulation from phase at the input to the intensity at the output is studied. Frequency of modulation is taken low enough to consider the saturation as adiabatically following the field variation in time. The most prominent manifestations of the induced lens can be seen in moderate saturation regime. In this regime, the modulation frequency is varied to indicate transient effects. The modulation phase shift and amplitude is observed to decrease due to the inertia of the medium response. The examples considered demonstrate the efficiency and stability of the numerical model proposed.


The problems of the application of criminal punishments to the minor criminals are examined. Analyzing the system of punishments for the minor the author reveals the essence of each of them. Special attention is paid to the contradictions of criminal law, to the conditionality and reservations, which decrease the effectiveness of the punishments in question. The changes, introduced into the system of punishments for the minor, did not show essential preventive and educational action on the teenage criminality. For the purpose of the more effective application of the acting punishments the author proposes the number of changes and additions, which make it possible to achieve the goals of punishment. The new form of punishment not connected with the deprivation of freedom is proposed also.


Structural data from the region of the bend in the Bolivian Andes at 17-19° S lat are integrated with paleogeographic data, paleomagnetic data, and data on the along-strike variation in crustal shortening. These data show that the bend in the mountain belt is due to a combination of (1) primary paleogeographic control on the eastern margin and within the mountain belt, (2) an inherited change in strike of the western margin, and (3) a variation in the amount of crustal shortening along strike, which leads to a synorogenic rotation of the western margin. The bend is not an orocline, but is rotational. The Cochabamba region is interpreted as an active, thin-skinned pull-apart basin, developed along tear faults that accommodate differential movement between thrust faults. Plunging folds, other tear faults, and arcuate fault traces suggest footwall morphology due to lateral variations in sedimentary thickness. These structures are interpreted as resulting from paleogeographic elements related to the structure of the Paleozoic basin. Previous models of the formation of the bend are summarized and considered in light of this synthesis. An implication is that the variation in shortening along strike may be accounted for by the paleogeography, that is, by the width of the basin in which decollement units were deposited, and may not require variations in slab dip or plate convergence.


This paper tackles the monetary policy performance in Brazil, Chile and South Africa under inflation targeting framework. Furthermore, it provides an empirical assessment through using the unrestricted Vector Auto-regression (VAR) and Structural Vector Auto-regression (SVAR) approaches depending on data spans the period from the first quarter of 1970 to the fourth quarter of 2007. On the other hand, it utilizes the Likelihood Ratio (LR) Statistic to test for possible structural changes due to the adoption of inflation targeting regime in those countries. The main findings are as follows: inflation targeting does make a difference in the performance of monetary policy in those countries. Furthermore, the experience of Brazil, Chile and South Africa provides important lessons for other emerging market economies to adopt such a framework.


Volume 79, no. 15, p. 9725–9734, 2005, [https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.79.15.9725-9734.2005][1]. It has been called to our attention that the actin bands in Fig. 2A in Journal of Biological Chemistry 278:40778–40787, 2003, (article retracted), were reused in


Research aims to understand the influence of the ratio liquidity and solvability to profitability to pt .BPRS artha pamenang kediri the period 2013-2107 .Researchers used research methodology quantitative .Techniques used in the sample collection that is nonprobability purposive sampling .From test results on multiple linear regression analysis diketahuhi that there is the influence of significantly between current ratio (CR) and quick ratio  (QR) against return on assets (ROA) while the department to asset ratio ( DAR ) there was no influence significantly to return on assets (ROA) and the department to equity ratio ( DER ) show the results of the value of the significance of as much as 0,135 meant leverage indicated in the research may be capable of 1,35 %. wrongBased on the description of the researchers can draw the conclusion that the ratio of significant impact on liquidity and solvency ratio profitability by using two proxy that is a debt to asset ratio roa and will not affect a debt to equity ratio obtained value significantly by 0,135 against roa, it means a given influence have room for error by 1,35 % which this value is still on the line a prediction.


The characteristics of the nonreciprocal phase shifter (phaser) configuration, consisting of a circumferentially magnetized circular toroid in circular waveguide, have been investigated theoretically. By suitably filling the toroid center with a material having a high dielectric constant, it is possible to reverse the normal order of the cutoff frequencies of the TE/sub 11/ and the operating TE/sub 01/ modes. The enhanced modal purity resulting from this inversion could yield significant improvements in the performance of practical phasers. The characteristic equation has been derived for the general case of a magnetized toroid in a circular waveguide, with dielectric material in both the central region and external to the toroid. The equation is valid for an arbitrary range of dielectric constants and magnetization. Differential phase shift calculations have been made specifically for operation within the modal inversion window. It is found that adequate differential phase shifts are obtained, even under the restrictions on geometric dimensions and range of dielectric constants imposed by the inversion requirements.


Here we report results from the Bipolar Exome (BipEx) collaboration analysis of whole exome sequencing of 13,933 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD), matched with 14,422 controls. We find an excess of ultra-rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs) in BD patients among genes under strong evolutionary constraint, a signal evident in both major BD subtypes, bipolar 1 disorder (BD1) and bipolar 2 disorder (BD2). We also find an excess of ultra-rare PTVs within genes implicated from a recent schizophrenia exome meta-analysis (SCHEMA; 24,248 SCZ cases and 97,322 controls) and among binding targets of CHD8. Genes implicated from GWAS of BD, however, are not significantly enriched for ultra-rare PTVs. Combining BD gene-level results with SCHEMA, AKAP11 emerges as a definitive risk gene (ultra-rare PTVs seen in 33 cases and 13 controls, OR = 7.06, P = 2.83 x 10-9). At the protein level, AKAP-11 is known to interact with GSK3B, the hypothesized mechanism of action for lithium, one of the few treatments for BD. Overall, our results lend further support to the polygenic basis of BD and demonstrate a role for rare coding variation as a significant risk factor in BD onset.


We show that for all given $n,t,w \in \{1,2,...\}$ with $n<2^w$, an array of $n$ entries of $w$ bits each can be represented on a word RAM with a word length of $w$ bits in at most $nw+\lceil n(t/(2 w))^t\rceil$ bits of uninitialized memory to support constant-time initialization of the whole array and $O(t)$-time reading and writing of individual array entries. At one end of this tradeoff, we achieve initialization and access (i.e., reading and writing) in constant time with $nw+\lceil n/w^t\rceil$ bits for arbitrary fixed $t$, to be compared with $nw+\Theta(n)$ bits for the best previous solution, and at the opposite end, still with constant-time initialization, we support $O(\log n)$-time access with just $nw+1$ bits, which is optimal for arbitrary access times if the initialization executes fewer than $n$ steps.


Tissue engineering has recommended the development of biomaterials for implantable porous scaffolds at the injured site, which temporarily acted as the supporting materials for ingrowths of the cells and degraded along with extra cellular matrix production, vascularization and tissue regeneration. Usually, three dimensional scaffolds play the most important role in the design of Tissue Engineering Construct that affects the cell fate process. Natural Polymer biomaterial such as Collagen, Keratin mimics the extra cellular matrix at the site of injury for regeneration of tissue. Collagen is one of the protein biomaterials and already prominently placed in the development of tissue engineering contructs.But due to poor environmental conditions, Collagen denatures into gelatin which lost triple helix conformation and also affects the cell fate process. Keratin is one of the fibrous proteins found in the extra cellular matrix, providing outer covering such as wool, hair feathers and nail and alternative to collagen biomaterials. The presence of high cysteine content in the keratin helps to immobilize the bioactive molecules for drug delivery application. The extracted keratin from horn meal is made into the macro porous scaffold by freeze drying method. The molecular weight of extracted keratin was determined by SDS.Poly acryl amide gel electrophoresis and was characterized by CD spectroscopy, FTIR. The scanning electron microscopy studies of macro porous Keratin scaffold confirms that the scaffold has interconnectivity heterogeneous pores that will help to bind with drugs or cells for design of drug delivery systems and tissue engineering constructs.


This paper presents a multi-pickup inductive power transfer system with double-sided LCC compensation for stationary MAGLEV charging. The primary side employs a parallel line as a wireless power rail and the secondary side has multiple pickups. Due to the high power demand of the MAGLEV train, the current ratio should be limited to minimize the losses in the semiconductors and wires. A single turn power rail without ferrite is designed as the primary coil and rectangular pad with integrated compensation inductance is employed for the secondary side. A finite element model of the coupler is simulated. The circuit analysis is performed to evaluate the double-sided LCC compensation for a multi-pickup application. The simulation results of the current of the inverter and the primary winding are shown, and a prototype is built.


While official PM,,, monitoring data for South Carolina are not available, unpublished data indicate that emissions at rural sites exceed the annual PM,., concentration standard of 15 pg/m3 from April to September each year. The possibility that PM,,, standards might be exceeded near the forest-urban interface could restrict burning in the future. In contrast, PM,, concentrations seldom approached half of the annual mean standard of 50 yg/m3 (table 3.3).


The carbonate platform margin deposition character is obvious in Guizhou Permian System,which mainly grows the platform margin beach、platform margin reef and platform margin slope turbidity current sediment.The platform margin reef beach sediment is constituted of Qixia formation,Maokou formation of Middle Permian and Wu Jiaping formation,Changxing formation of upper Permian,and the platform margin slope deposition is maked up by Sidazhai formation and Shaiwa formation.The growth of the platform margin reef beach has experienced repetitious circular development which included platform margin beach-platform margin reeftransgression submerge,The platform margin slope is evolved from sedimentary type to by-pass type,which is charactered by the growth of various sedimentation of gravity flow.The whole platform margin reef and flat facies of Permian is controlled by the movement of regional contemporaneous faults,and it desultory grow at the side of upthrown block of the active belt.


Abstract : The data presented in this report represents the results of the Flight Proofing portion of the Pre-Production Test being performed on a D/AIG electronic Programmer S/N 4.


In real space forms, given a regular hypersurface S, it is known that the integral over the space of s-planes of the mean curvature integral of intersections with S is a multiple of the mean curvature integral of S. We study the corresponding expression in a complex space form. The role of the s-planes is played by the complex s-planes. We prove that the same property does not hold but another term appears. We express this term as the integral of the normal curvature in the direction obtained from applying the complex structure to the normal direction. As an application, we give the measure of the set of complex lines meeting a compact domain in a complex space form, and we characterize the repro- ductive continuous invariant valuations of degree 2n 2 in the standard Hermitian space.


The sulfonylurea herbicide flupyrsulfuron was applied post-emergence in March at the rate of 10 g a.i. ha(-1) on Winter wheat crops. In the 0-8 cm surface soil layer of the crops grown on sandy loam and loam soils, the flupyrsulfuron half-life was 64 and 40 days respectively. Flupyrsulfuron and its metabolites were not detected during both crops or 1 month after crop harvest in the 8-15 and 15-20 cm soil layers. Soil degradation of flupyrsulfuron successively generated the cyclization products 1-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine-2-yl)-2,4-diketo-7-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido[2.3-d]pyrimidine 2 and N-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine-2-yl)-N-(3-methoxycarbonyl-6-trifluoromethylpyridine-2-yl)-amine 3, which were the main metabolites of flupyrsulfuron in soil. Hydrolysis of 3 successively, generated N-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine-2-yl)-N-(3-car- boxylic acid-6-trifluoromethylpyridine-2-yl)-amine 4 and N-(4-methoxy-6-hydroxypyrimidine-2-yl)-N-(3-carboxylic acid-6-trifluoromethylpyridine-2-yl)-amine 5. Low and temporary concentrations of 2-sulfonamido-3-carbomethoxy-6-trifluoromethyl-pyridine 6 and 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine 7 were observed. Bioassays with sugarbeet as test plants indicated that 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , and 7 had herbicide activities corresponding to 100% 80%, 75%, 75%, 75% and 15% of that of flupyrsulfuron respectively. The metabolites thus extended the herbicidal protection given by flupyrsulfuron and explain the high herbicidal protection given by the low dose of flupyrsulfuron applied. One month after the harvest of the winter wheat, no more significant residue of flupyrsulfuron or of its metabolites was detected in soil.


Ray-Method is convenient to use,but when intersection points contain some vertices,if this method is used,the singular-result will be brought,and the judgment accuracy of point in-out polygon test is decreased greatly.In this case,by studying and analyzing some existed methods for point in-out polygon test,an algorithm for point in-out polygon test base on the reversed ray and vertex degenerateness is brought forward,and its code is gave,then it is extended for complex polygons.This algorithm is used in one city fundamental GIS for data preediting,and the result shows that the judgment accuracy of point in-out polygon test is increased greatly.


From Nanotechnology to Epigenomics and Regenerative Medicine
The objective of regenerative medicine is to repair tissues and organs that are damaged by trauma, disease or aging. The stem cell based technologies have promised to advance therapeutic applications including organ transplants and tissue repair. Although more studies are now being conducted to reveal mechanisms regulating stem cell fate, epigenetic events that contribute to cell differentiation are still relatively poorly defined. Next generation sequencing combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIPseq) or bisulfite sequencing (BS-seq) is the most common tool to study histone modifications and DNA methylation. However, it requires an abundance of research material and has limited ability to detect different epigenetic signatures in the same cell type. The recent development of the single chromatin analysis at the nanoscale (SCAN) using the nanofluidic single-molecule sorter allows the simultaneous detection of multiple epigenetic marks in a small number of cells.


: INTRODUCTION: Pituitary tumors are one of the common primary brain tumors accounting for 10% to 15% of all primary brain tumors 1 . These tumors have a high incidence between the third and sixth decades of life. The morbidity associated with pituitary macroadenomas may include permanent visual loss, ophthalmoplegia, and other neurological complications. Advances in the medical and surgical management of the tumors and the availability of hormonal replacement therapies have contributed to their successful management. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the clinicopathological manifestations and management of pituitary macroadenomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study, comprising of 25 patients of pituitary macroadenomas studied over a period from 2009 to 2012 in the department of Neurosurgery, Andhra Medical College, King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam. It is a Tertiary Care Hospital. DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS: Pituitary macroadenomas, particularly prolactinomas respond well to medical therapy. But most of the macroadenomas need surgical intervention for relief of clinical and endocrinological symptoms. CONCLUSION: Pituitary adenomas are benign intracranial tumors which can attain a large size. Presentation usually occurs with visual disturbances, headache and endocrine disturbances. Incidence of these tumors is most common between third and fourth decades of life. Majority of this tumor are nonfunctioning with most of them having suprasellar or parasellar extension at the time of diagnosis. Transcranial intradural approach was an effective method for large tumors with suprasellar and parasellar extensions.


Important features of a deep-submicron MOSFET drain current model capable of supporting both digital and analog circuit simulations are described. Formulation of the commonly used mobility and velocity saturation models have to be revised to account for the influnce of the higher clecttic field in deep-submicron devices. For analog circuit simulations, output resistance modeling and smooth transition from weak to strong inversion are important considerations. Some solutions are discussed.


The present study is part of a wide-ranging research on a group of archaeological sites located in Andalucia (Spain) whose main aim was a better understanding of these sites within a geomorphological, biological and climatic context. This specific investigation concerns the alteration processes affecting the rupestral paintings found in the cave of "La Graja". It has been concluded that such processes are related mainly to the high availability of water at the site's location. The paint's composition diverges from that usually encountered in other, previously studied shelters, where iron oxides have been found to prevail. The presence of copper oxides, titanium and cerium represents a departure from the common findings in Andalusian rupestral paintings.


We examine finite words over an alphabet Γ = {a, ā; b, b̄} of pairs of letters, where each word w1w2...wt is identified with its reverse complement w̄t...w̄2w̄1 (where ā = a, b̄ = b). We seek the smallest k such that every word of length n, composed from Γ, is uniquely ∗This work was supported, in part, by Hungarian NSF, under contract Nos. AT48826, NK62321, F043772, N34040, T34702, T37846, T43758, ETIK, Magyary Z. grant and by the U.S.D.O.E.


Silica-core microstructured optical fibers with magnetic fluid cladding are discussed. The AC response of the magneto-optic element was observed, and polarization, amplitude, and frequency properties were studied in the fiber coupled configuration.


Objective(s) Previous studies have demonstrated that pretreatment with alpha-tocotrienol (α-TCT) can reduce ischemic damage in mice following middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. It is also reported to decrease strokedependent brain tissue damage in 12-Lox-deficient mice and spontaneously hypertensive rats. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of α-TCT and rosiglitazone (RGZ) at 3 hr after cerebral ischemia were investigated. Materials and Methods Stroke was induced by embolizing a preformed clot into the MCA. Rats were assigned to vehicle, α-TCT (1 or 10 mg/kg), RGZ and sham-operation. Results Compared to the control group, only RGZ decreased infarct volume (P<0.05), neurological deficits (P<0.05) and sensory impairments (P<0.01) but low and high doses of α-TCT did not show any significant neuroprotective effect. Conclusion Our data showed that α-TCT was not neuroprotective at 3 hr after the embolic model of stroke. Further studies should be undertaken to clarify the neuroprotective effects of α-TCT after stroke.


The dependence of the changes in the optical spectra of potassium dihydrophosphate, cesium dihydroarsenate, and their deuterated analogs and lithium iodate on the ..gamma.. irradiation temperature was studied. It was shown that these changes are determined by the thermal stability of radiation-induced defects, formed under the action of the ..gamma.. radiation. It was shown that ..gamma.. irradiation at elevated temperatures does not lead to the appearance of new radiation-induced defects in single crystals of potassium dihydrophosphate, its deuterated analog, and lithium iodate; transformation of radiation-induced centers together with a red shift of the absorption band could possibly occur in the cesium compound studied.


The scheme of full bridge inversion has been applied in this power supply for ECM(Electrochemical Machining).This project can solve the problem of electric current capacity lacking and lower output frequency.The inversion part has been designed and made to weaken voltage concussion,and reduce waveform distortion and shaking through designing suitable absorber circuit.A fast protect circuit has been designed.A series of electrochemical mechanical polishing tests using the power supply model have been carried out,and the result of test has proved high-frequency pulse power helps to improve surface quality and machining accuracy.


The purpose of this paper is to study the solutions of \begin{document}$ \Delta u +K(x) e^{2u} = 0 \quad{\rm in}\;\; \mathbb{R}^2 $\end{document} with \begin{document}$ K\le 0 $\end{document} . We introduce the following quantities: \begin{document}$ \alpha_p(K) = \sup\left\{\alpha \in \mathbb{R}:\, \int_{ \mathbb{R}^2} |K(x)|^p(1+|x|)^{2\alpha p+2(p-1)} dx Under the assumption \begin{document}$ ({\mathbb H}_1) $\end{document} : \begin{document}$ \alpha_p(K)> -\infty $\end{document} for some \begin{document}$ p>1 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \alpha_1(K) > 0 $\end{document} , we show that for any \begin{document}$ 0 , there is a unique solution \begin{document}$ u_\alpha $\end{document} with \begin{document}$ u_\alpha(x) = \alpha \ln |x|+ c_\alpha+o\big(|x|^{-\frac{2\beta}{1+2\beta}} \big) $\end{document} at infinity and \begin{document}$ \beta\in (0, \, \alpha_1(K)-\alpha) $\end{document} . Furthermore, we show an example \begin{document}$ K_0 \leq 0 $\end{document} such that \begin{document}$ \alpha_p(K_0) = -\infty $\end{document} for any \begin{document}$ p>1 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \alpha_1(K_0) > 0 $\end{document} , for which we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions. In particular, we prove the existence of a solution \begin{document}$ u_{\alpha_*} $\end{document} such that \begin{document}$ u_{\alpha_*} -\alpha_*\ln|x| = O(1) $\end{document} at infinity for some \begin{document}$ \alpha_* > 0 $\end{document} , which does not converge to a constant at infinity. This example exhibits a new phenomenon of solution with logarithmic growth, finite total curvature, and non-uniform asymptotic behavior at infinity.


When the economic developments analyzed after World War II, the economic integration movements, which include the liberalization of countries' economic relations between each other, draw attention. In terms of world trade, globalization tendencies on one hand and regionalization tendencies on the other hand are being experienced. While global trade is shaped by Customs Tariffs and GATT, which propose the elimination of the limitations for customs tariffs and other trade limitations between countries, regional economic integrations are shaped differently between the countries that are geographically close to each other. Turkey has been found in the global and Original Research Article Eroglu et al.; BJEMT, 13(2): 1-18, 2016; Article no.BJEMT.24230 2 regional economic integration initiatives; and it's in the negotiation phase for the EU membership, while the country is already a member of World Trade Organization (WTO), The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation (D-8), Organization of the Black Sea Economic Organization (BSEC), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The fact that Turkey's attempts for global-regional economic and political integrations did not give the expected results has brought different searches. This study contains an evaluation of Turkey's seek for new integrations as determinants of democracy in the scale of democratic index, which consists of some criteria like free and fair elections, pluralism, good governance, political participation, political culture and freedom, and an evaluation between EU and SCO alternatives. In the light of the assessment it has been concluded that SCO is not a suitable alternative for Turkey because of the fact that its priority is zone's safety, it does not contain economic cooperation and its inefficient democratic foundation comparing with the EU. According to these facts, Turkey should continue with the EU membership negotiations and it should show necessary sensitivity for adjusting to Copenhagen political criteria which forms EU's political criteria, and Maastricht economic criteria which forms EU's economic criteria.


As an epistle for virgins, the thirteenth-century text Hali Meiðhad facilitates the reader's "embodied simulation" of the suffering of an anguished, nonvirginal woman. The reader thus inhabits an uncomfortably liminal space between spectatorship and performance. This essay will focus on anchoritic readership of this epistle, a critical decision lent support by the text's linguistic and codicological associations. It will examine an anchoress's embodied simulation of pain in reading Hali Meiðhad, after interrogating her liminal position as both performer and spectator.


The aim of the evaluation study was to find out how the process of interlock-monitored driving rights is working in Finland and how effective it is in preventing DUI, as well as to get direct feedback from the drivers. The study includes a questionnaire to all the drivers taking part in the permanent interlock program since July 2008, an analysis of the DUI offences of the drivers before, during and after the interlock period, an analysis of their interlock log data (read out every 60 days) and interviews with the relevant authorities within the process. Alcohol interlocks used in the controlled driving rights have prevented at least 12,000 instances of driving while intoxicated since July 2008. The recidivism rate of interlock users is significantly smaller (5.7 per cent) than that of all persons convicted of driving while intoxicated (around 30 per cent), also after removing the device from the vehicle. 64 per cent of the interlock driving licence holders told that the interlock affected the use of alcohol for them. Out of these drivers 19 per cent had stopped drinking for good and 44 per cent drink less nowadays, as the interlock has supported them in the process. 31 per cent of the drivers told that they have kept or are going to keep the interlock in their vehicle even after having completed their mandatory period with it. Despite the positive feedback and promising results on DUI prevention, several shortcomings were identified in the process of alcohol interlock-controlled driving rights in Finland. It is crucial to eliminate these shortcomings to make alcohol interlock use more common, with the positive effects on traffic safety it entails.


This article argues that Charlotte, Emily and Anne Brontë were well apprised of the sanitary science of their day and incorporated it into their fiction through the ethical models they derived by drawing on this science. Using the Babbage report as an entry point for exploring the world views that characterised both Haworth and London at the time, this article explores one novel by each sister. Ultimately, the essay demonstrates that in a world which Chadwickian sanitary science revealed as horrifically interconnected via contamination, the Brontë sisters repurposed this epistemology to demonstrate instead a world also uniquely structured to help empower one another through this self-same interconnectedness.


Carbon cluster ions C24•+ have been generated from dodecachlorocoronene C24Cl12 by electron-impact ionization followed by collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the molecular ions C24Cl12•+ and fragment ions C24Clx+ using the technique of multiple-excitation collisional activation (MECA) and Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance spectrometry. The ions C24•+ were reacted with several organic reactants, but a fast reaction was observed only with pyridine, resulting in the addition of pyridine molecules. One fraction of the C24•+ cluster ions adds only a single pyridine molecule, and the adduct ion dissociates back to the starting material on CID. The remaining fraction adds up to five molecules of pyridine. CID of the product ion formed by addition of three pyridines shows that from this adduct ion none of the pyridine molecules is lost. It is suggested that the formation of two isomeric [C24; pyridine]+- adduct ions is due to the presence of two isomeric C24•+ ions generated by MECA from C24Cl12•+ ion...


The Amazonian fruit camu-camu called the attention of the scientific community due to its high content of vitamin C. The fruit juice consists in an alternative to increase its conservation and consumption. Membrane separation technologies are conducted in mild temperature and pressure operational conditions, preserving the thermosensitive compounds and quality of the final product. This study aimed to investigate the performance of microfiltration process for obtention of clarified camu-camu juice by evaluating the effect of the temperature on vitamin C retention, total phenolics content and total antioxidant activity of the product. The process conducted at 45 °C showed best retention of vitamin C compared to the other evaluated temperatures. In this case, the average permeate flux was 75 Lh-1m-2. It was verified that clarification of camu-camu pulp requires a pretreatment of the pulp juice to ensure a high flux of permeate, and thus increase the process efficiency. It was also observed that, if volumetric concentration factor is increased while maintaining the same processing time, the content of the evaluated compounds is not significantly affected in the clarified juice.


Gamification is a fast growing trend in business practices, heralded for its ability to innovatively attract and select employees through motivated behaviour. Despite companies' zealous adoption of...


A recently discovered ore-grade accumulation of uranium in post-glacial, organic-rich sediments provides an opportunity for studying the early association of uranium and organic matter in a natural setting. The uranium occurs in valley-fill sediments of peat, peaty clay, silt, and sand along the north fork of Flodelle Creek, Stevens County, Washington. Sixteen lithologically distinct intervals in a 290 cm core were measured by high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry and by thin-source alpha spectrometry to determine the abundance and distribution of uranium series nuclides and the extent of secular equilibrium within the uranium decay series. Samples taken above the 6700 to 7000 year old Mazama Ash (0-127 cm depth) are clearly most deficient in daughters, but a simple increase of daughters relative to uranium as a function of depth was not observed, probably because chemically diverse daughters that are decay-generated in situ have differing mobilities, and because upwelling ground waters continuously add more uranium and minor amounts of daughters. Measured alpha activity ratios of /sup 234/U//sup 238/U (1.31-1.38) are analytically indistinguishable from those measured in coexisting waters, suggesting a rather constant isotopic composition of introduced uranium and little preferential recoil of /sup 234/U daughter from sediment surfaces. A consistent excess of /sup 210/Pb more » relative to /sup 226/Ra is observed throughout the core, suggesting ground-water input of the highly mobile intervening daughter, /sup 222/Rn. The abundance of uranium (160-3300 ppm) correlates highly with the abundance of organic matter (3-60 wt.%) as do abundances of /sup 226/Ra, /sup 230/Th, and /sup 210/Pb below 127 cm depth. « less


Diimide porphyrin dimers have been synthesized from the condensation of monoaminotetraphenylporphyrin and dianhydride bridges (pyromellitic dianhydride, 1,4,5,8- and 2,3,6,7-naphthalenedianhydride and 1,2,3,4- cyclobutanedianhydride). The porphyrin center-to-center distances of the dimers range from 23.4 to 27.5 A. The optical spectra of these dimers have been compared with that of the corresponding monomer synthesized from phthalic anhydride. Only the pyromellitic dianhydride dimer shows interaction between the porphyrins


In contrast to the Western ideal of secularization, religion has in some cultures maintained its important role in nationalist undertakings. This is the case in Myanmar, a country that is currently in the midst of a state transformation towards democracy after more than fifty years of authoritarian, military rule. This religious nationalism has been taken to a higher level of chauvinism and violence between the Buddhist majority and the Muslim minority, in particular towards the Rohingya minority form Rakhine state. In order to understand why and how Theravada Buddhism's ideas, discourses and practices have been interpreted for political and nationalist purposes, this thesis will make use of nationalism theories, in relation to religion, and understand how the merge of those two concepts has lead to the current ethnical clashes. The research aims at assessing the role and power of Buddhism in the context of Burmese nationalism through a narrative analysis of sources such as NGO reports, newspaper articles, academic writings and second-hand interviews. The analysis concludes that it is not so much Buddhism in itself that has lead to the current anti-Muslim narratives and inter-religious clashes, but rather the use of its teachings and symbols, by the monkhood and the state, to gain legitimacy and to justify vehement discourses and actions.


Page 1/25 11/16/2019 https://journal.interpreterfoundation.org/improvisation-and-extemporaneous-change-in-the-book-of-mormon-part-2-structural-evidences-of-earlier-ancient-versus-later-modern-constructions/ Abstract: Joseph Smith made various refining changes to the Book of Mormon text, most of them minor grammatical in nature. However, one type of textual change has been virtually unstudied in Book of Mormon scholarship: extemporaneous change that was present the moment Smith dictated the original text to his scribes. This type of change appears to have been improvisational, a fix or repair made in the middle of a thought or expression. I study these improvisations in depth — when they appeared historically, their purpose, and their authorship. The evidence of Article One points to ancient authors and editor-engravers whose extemporaneous changes appeared during the early layers of the Book of Mormon's construction. But how were these improvisations affected by later contributors? In this paper, Part 2, we study the improvisational work of Moroni as compiler, finishing-editor, and conservator, and of Joseph Smith as modern translator. The findings tell us much about the Book of Mormon as scripture, and about the construction and compilation of scripture by ancient editors and authors.


The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is an important component of wind turbine systems. In order to identify incipient faults quickly and ensure safe operation of DFIG, this paper proposes a way to diagnose inter-turn short circuit fault at stator windings, which is based on multi-circuit theory. The mathematical model of DFIG is established in this paper and simulation of DFIG in normal operation and inter-turn short circuit fault at stator windings are carried out. A detail analysis about simulation results is presents, especially about short circuit current. By analysis, the characteristics of inter-turn short circuit fault are obtained.


Background: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system that has high association with chronic pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia, migraine disorders, and chronic abdominal pain in adolescents with the diagnosis. Many of these disorders are characterized as central sensitization disorders, or pathological pain memory mediated by neural plasticity. Ehlers Danlos Syndrome Type 3 (EDS-3), also called joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue that causes joint laxity and is also highly associated with chronic pain syndromes as well as POTS. Methods: This study proposed to characterize POTS as a disorder of central sensitization. The hypothesis, presented within the proposed theoretical model, demonstrates that JHS leads to chronic pain that results in central sensitization and autonomic nervous system dysfunction (POTS). Other factors that were evaluated were anxiety and function. A sample size of 40 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 19 years were recruited from the cardiology and pain clinics at Children's National Medical Center. Analysis of data utilizing Wilcoxon, Chi square, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression tests were completed using SAS 9.3. Results: In comparison to those without POTS, there were no significant associations found between having the diagnosis of POTS and any other variable studied in the model. JHS had a stronger correlation with anxiety, central sensitization, both subjectively, and objectively with hyperalgesia on Aδ sensory nerve fiber when compared to those without JHS. Subjective central sensitization was highly correlated with anxiety, function, age, and female gender. Function and central sensitization had a significant association even when removing anxiety as a covariate. Conclusions: These findings suggest that joint hypermobility may be a factor that contributes to the development of central sensitization in individuals with chronic pain. Dysautonomia is likely


Sulfonated poly(ether imide) (SPEI) and poly(ether sulfone) (PES) blend membranes for application in the direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) were successfully prepared by solution blend technique. The structure and performance of the obtained blend membranes were characterized using TGA, AFM, and SEM. The results showed that the blend membranes had higher thermal stability, lower swelling property, and good mechanical strength both in dry and wet states at ambient conditions. The morphology of blend membranes showed that its structure became more compact than that of pure SPEI, which might lead to decrease the methanol diffusion. The proton conductivity and the methanol permeability were determined by A.C. impedance spectrometry and diaphragm diffusion, respectively. The results showed that the SPEI/PES (mass ratio of 50/50) membrane still exhibited adequate conductivity (5.5 mS·cm-1) for application as proton exchange membranes. Meanwhile, the methanol permeability of the blend membranes decreased dramatically and was only 5% of that of Nafion 112 membrane. This tremendous reduction of methanol crossover could indicate a potential feasibility as a promising electrolyte for DMFC.


In the article the author's approach to the study of public management of the sphere of the state order. Produced decomposition analysis of the main actors of public administration procurement process in the context of the powerful interaction.


Prognostic factors: Baseline predictors: age; gender; illness duration; symptoms (Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI)-Schizophrenia scale overall severity score subscale scores). Functional predictors included occupational status, independent living and subjective wellbeing (Subjective Wellbeing Under Neuroleptic Treatment Scale (SWN-K)). Antipsychotic treatment factors included first antipsychotic, neurological side effects, and atypical or typical initial antipsychotic medication. Early treatment predictors were: symptomatic remission, functional remission (being employed, active student, household head, and living independently) and adequate subjective wellbeing (SWN-K score >80) at 3 months. Predictors throughout treatment were: comorbid DSM-IV substance use disorder; non-compliance with antipsychotic medication.


In an attempt to control iron(III) scaling in industrial cooling water systems, a maleic anhydride (M)/ammonium allylpolyethoxy sulphate (S) copolymer (MSn, n = 5, 9, 13, 20) was examined as an environmentally friendly dispersant. The synthesized MSn copolymer was characterized by Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The ability of MSn to disperse iron(III) increased as the value of n increased from 5 to 13; however, the ethylene oxide chain in MS20 was so long that the molecule readily curled and hence its dispersion capability towards iron(III) decreased. It was also shown that MS13 exhibited the best dispersion activity towards iron(III), with ca. 28% light transmittance being achieved when the dosage of MS13 was 10 mg/ℓ. The proposed dispersion suggests the formation of a core–shell superstructure, with interactions between various kinds of iron ions and the side-chain oxygen atoms of ethylene oxide being the principal means whereby iron(III) may be dispersed in cooling water systems.


This study explores, using intersectionality and quantitative analysis, several axes that help shape the identity of the characters in the fictional worlds from a corpus of approximately 500 Romanian novels published between 1844 and 1932. They are gender, ethnicity/nationality, and class/work. It also briefly analyzes the gender gap in the production of the novel and examines the dynamics between the gender of the authors and the gender of the main character(s) and the person of the narration, by using metadata compiled by our research team and complex searches in the digital corpus.


This paper presents the scheme of Direct Torque Control (DTC) for induction motor drives, where flux and torque of the motor are estimated by the IM current model. Its scheme requires the knowledge of speed, rotor time constant and inductive parameters of the motor. The results prove the excellent characteristics for torque response and efficiency, which confirm the validity of this control scheme. Due to the rapid response offered by the DTC, this causes a high star current inversor protections activating. To resolve this, is presents the implementation of a closed loop of current vector the optimum switching table that limits the current and put into operation to the DTC. Experimental tests demonstrate effectiveness.


Palliative systemic-pulmonary artery (SP) shunts are frequently performed on children with cyanotic congenital heart defects which result in decreased pulmonary blood flow. Postoperative assessment of the adequacy of the shunt depends on physical examination, arterial blood gas analysis, chest x-ray and doppler-echocardiography. Direct visualization of the shunt, however, has required angiographic techniques at cardiac catheterization or, more recently, digital subtraction angiography. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) is a new technique capable of providing high quality resolution of vascular structures without the use of contrast agents or exposure to ionizing radiation. We have used ECG-Gated NMRI at 0.3T to evaluate 6 patients with a total of 8 SP shunts including 4 Glenn shunts and 4 Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunts. 3 of 4 Glenn shunts and 3 of 4 BT shunts could be imaged. The size and course of the shunt could be seen in its entirety. 1 Glenn and 1 BT shunt, both patent, were not imaged. We conclude that NMRI is a safe, effective, non-invasive method for visualizing and evaluating patent palliative SP shunts. In our hands, NMRI has proved superior to echocardiography in visualizing these shunts.


Objective To investigate the role of cathepsin D in facilitating tumor cells invasion and metastases by comparing cathepsin D expression with clinical and biological indicators in breast cancer. Methods By immunohistochemical SP method. Results The positive rate of cathepsin D expression in all breast cancer patients was 68.8%(110/160). Cathepsin D expression was positive correlated with that of VEGF, c-erbB-2 as well as tumor size, clinical stage and histological grade (P 0.01), but was negative correlated with the expression of ER and PR (P 0.025). There was no relationships between cathepsin D and the following factors: metastasis of axillary lymph node, menopausal status and ages (P 0.05). Conclusion The overexpression of cathepsin D is likely to be involved in the invasive and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. The main pathway of cathepsin D promoting tumor cells metastasis is likely to be by blood circulation rather than by lympy road. The high overexpression of cathepsin D in ER or PR negative patients suggests that special adjuvant chemotherapy is needed to them.


Optical two‐dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy (2DFTS) is used to measure thermal broadening of the ground state exciton homogeneous linewidth and energy relaxation in a single layer of interfacial GaAs quantum dots (QDs). We observe a nonlinear increase in the homogeneous linewidth with temperature from 6 to 50 K and find that a phonon activation term + offset fit the data well. The absence of an activation peak in the 2D spectra indicates that elastic exciton–phonon scattering via virtual transitions between the ground and excited states significantly contributes to the thermal broadening. Measurements of the linewidth across the inhomogeneous distribution show that excitons localized in smaller QDs experience stronger thermal broadening. We record 2D spectra for a population time up to 500 ps and temperature up to 50 K to reveal excitonic relaxation from quantum well to QD states. As the temperature increases from 6 to 50 K, the relaxation time decreases from 180 to 30 ps, respectively. This behavior is consistent with a phonon‐mediated scattering process.


China has been in the hard social transformation since the reform and opening up.Due to the social and economic transformation,all the systems are not consistent with one another,which causes the relationship between masses and cadres getting more and more solely characteristics in the different times.At the different stages the contradictions between masses and cadres present new models and features.So only by reasonable analysis and classification on the historical stages of the contradictions between them,can they be solved properly in different methods according to the different features at the different stages in order to improve the relationship between them and promote the social stability and development.


The invention discloses an electric control latch lock. The electric control latch lock comprises a lock frame, a main lock pin and an electromagnetic lock, wherein the lock frame has a U shape; the main lock pin and the electromagnetic lock are placed in the lock frame; a main spring is sleeved at the periphery of the main lock pin; a notch is formed in the middle of the main lock pin; and when the main lock pin is under a locking state, the main lock pin passes through the lock frame transversely and an electromagnetic lock core of the electromagnetic lock is clamped into the notch of the main lock pin. The electric control latch lock provided by the invention has a reasonable structure and high burglar-proof performance.


The studies on the Freemasonry in Chile are scanty enough, due in large part to the reserved nature of the institution and its obvious reticence to opening his files the laymen. For it these pages turn out to be interesting since they announce the alternatives of the foundation of the Great Lodge; a process can motivate and orientate new studies on the development of that institution, both in Chile and in America.


Based on the 1998-2003's data of all of 16 cities in Yangtze River delta,this thesis studied the manufacturing industry of the delta,indicating that regional specialization can promote industry from a labor-intensive one to a technology-intensive one,driving industry's technology progress;the increase rate of technology progress and its contribution ratio to economy in regional specialization industry is higher than the one in non-regional specialization industry,and regional specialization can decrease the monopoly and increase competition.