This paper presents a decentralized control of the generator's internal angle for the removal of power deviation in transmission lines in an interconnected power system. This scheme incorporates the integral of the transferred power deviation through the lines as part of the governor's control reference. The use of this signal produces a system response that is mathematically comparable to a second-order consensus which acts as a coupling law between the generators' angle deviations that forces consensus. Mathematical results are presented for a linearized model whilst simulation results are produced for a non-linear model of the power system.


Feral pigs prey upon newborn lambs in the semi-arid rangelands of eastern Australia. In this study. two experiments were used to investigate the relationship between feral pig density and the rate of lamb predation. The differential susceptibility of single and twin-born lambs to pig predation was also examined. In Experiment 1, the density of pig populations on four sites subjected to different levels of pig control was monitored quarterly (range: 0.7-6.4 pigs km -2 ) between 1989 and 1991. The rate of lamb loss was indexed by udder-scoring a sample of lambing ewes to estimate the proportion whose lambs had died. The index of lamb loss varied significantly with pig density, the relationship taking the form of an asymptotic increase in loss at progressively higher pig densities. Inclusion of a variable indicating whether pig density increased or decreased over the lambing season (summarizing the cumulative effects of recent seasonal conditions) explained no additional variation in lamb loss. This suggests that the availability of alternative foods did not influence the propensity of pigs to prey upon lambs. Experiment 2 was conducted on three sites with respective pig densities of 0.4, 2.4 and 5.8 pigs km -2 . On each site, two paddocks were established, one of which was electrically fenced to preclude pigs. Approximately 300 pregnant ewes at each site were ultrasonically scanned to determine whether they carried single or twin lambs, and then placed randomly in either the paddock to which pigs had access or the paddock from which they were excluded. The proportion of lambs born that survived was contrasted between the two paddocks at each site to provide a direct estimate of predation rate. The rate of lamb predation increased with feral pig density, reaching a maximum proportional rate of 0.29 on the site where pig density was highest. Comparison of predation rates indicated that twin lambs were on average 5-6 times more likely to be preyed upon by pigs than were single lambs. The relationship between pig density and the index of predation rate estimated in Experiment 1 was modified to predict actual predation rates by substituting the maximum rate measured in Experiment 2. The resulting relationship, in combination with a measure of stochastic year-to-year variation in predation rates, was used to construct distributions describing the probability of sustaining different rates of lamb predation at given feral pig densities. This information enables sheep farmers to contrast the risk of lamb predation with their lamb production objectives and the costs of holding feral pig density below levels corresponding to acceptable rates of lamb predation. By valuing the reduced risk of sustaining high levels of lamb predation and the costs associated with achieving it, a sheep farmer can incorporate reduction in costs and benefits of pig control directly into economic analyses used to manage their enterprise.


Background: Latest reports had related smoking habit with an increased incidence of colorectal cancer. Objective: To evaluate smoking habit in patients with colorectal cancer surgery. Design: Retrospective analysis. Material: 169 patients with colorectal cancer operated between May 2004 and May 2007. Exclusion criteria: benign pathology, extracolonic neoplasia, cancer polyp. Methods: Smoking was analyzed as a risk factor of colorectal cancer. Also were evaluated: age, cigarette/day index, diagnosis, cancer location, tumor TNM stage, type of surgery, hospital staying, immediate postoperative morbidity. Results: 51 patients with colorectal cancer with curative resection were treated. (Exclusion: 151). Incidence of smokers was 29%, with 22 cigarettes/day (5-60) and average age was 63 years (41-77), mostly males (53%). In non-smokers average age was 69.2 years (27-90) and 58% were females. Conclusions: Smoking incidence was low in this series. Although and according to literature, patients were younger in smokers, mainly males. No difference in morbidity and tumoral location was found. Tumoral stage trended to be earlier in smoking patients. Further, larger and epidemiologic studies are needed to support this findings.


When calibrating inter-system biases (ISB), especially the fractional part of inter-system phase biases (F-ISPB), a multi-GNSS inter-system model can effectively improve positioning performance under a complex environment. Usually, the F-ISPB is estimated after fixing the intra-system ambiguities. However, this approach seems inapplicable when it is difficult to obtain intra-system ambiguities under a complex environment. A multi-dimensional particle filter (PF)-based F-ISPB estimate method has been proposed to overcome the problem. Nevertheless, the multi-dimensional PF involves a great quantity of computations. In this contribution, four state optimal estimate-based F-ISPB handling schemes are proposed: step-by-step PF, step-by-step particle swarm optimization (PSO), multi-dimensional PF, and multi-dimensional PSO-based F-ISPB estimate methods. Two baselines were selected to investigate the F-ISPB estimate performance in both open and complex environments. The results show that due to the potential of the wrong F-ISPB to bring about the maximum ratio for a long time during the initial stage, the step-by-step PF method can achieve better performance than step-by-step PSO. Besides, the two-dimensional results show that all of the F-ISPB still cannot be extracted under complex environments by multi-dimensional PSO. Furthermore, compared with step-by-step PF, the multi-dimensional PF method costs too much to obtain the right value. For example, in the two-dimensional case, the step-by-step PF searches 200 times for each epoch, while the two-dimensional PF requires 40 000 times for each epoch, so it is difficult for receivers to provide hardware support for this method. In addition, the step-by-step PF can obtain the right F-ISPB with about 100 epochs no matter what scenario. Thus, under challenging observation scenarios, a step-by-step PF method is recommended to extract the F-ISPB.


In this research, the differential quadrature method is employed to investigate the nonlocal vibration of nanobeam resting on various types of Winkler elastic foundations such as constant, linear, parabolic, and sinusoidal types. The nanobeam is modeled with Winkler elastic foundation considering the elastic coefficient varying along the axis of the nanobeam. Within the framework of Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, first order strain gradient model is incorporated to compute the frequency parameters for Hinged-Hinged (H–H) and Clamped-Hinged (C–H) boundary conditions. A convergence study is also performed to demonstrate the efficiency, adequacy, and reliability of the method. Further, the results are compared with available data of previously published research in special cases showing robust agreement. Likewise, the effects of the nonlocal parameter, strain gradient parameter, non-uniform parameters, and Winkler modulus parameter on the frequency parameters are studied comprehensively.


er a high school graduate will or will not continue his education in college, is that of the cost of board, room and student fees required by the institution. The latter term (student fees) is used for the reason that publiclysupported institutions of higher learning seldom, if ever, charge tuition (at least it is not called that) as is common in the private institutions. However, the problem of paying for the board and room of itself is great enough to provoke much consideration and, too, it often keeps a student out of school. For some it may not appear to be a problem for the reason that it is assumed that no matter where a person is, he will need to eat and sleep and that doing so in a college dormitory or community is only satisfying this ultimate need. The writer is forced to believe that it is this basic assumption which has left this specific area of Student Personnel Services apparently uninvestigated as attested by his inability to secure information growing out of an investigation of this problem. The position taken in this paper grows out of a background of experience as a college student, teacher, dean and personnel worker.


Predictors of U.S. Teachers' Use of Metacognition in Mathematics Instruction By Regina A. Lewis MS, University of Scranton, 2007 BA, University of Maine at Augusta, 2002 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Education Walden University July 2016 Abstract American schools have been struggling with improving achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics for decades. For the last four decades, the overall mathematics performance of 17 year-olds on the National Assessment of Educational Progress has not shown any significant improvement. Mathematics teachers can use metacognitive techniques to make immediate adjustments in instruction that may assist students in becoming more skillful problem solvers. The purpose of this study was to provide new knowledge about the potential predictors of mathematics teachers' use of the six subfactors of the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory for Teachers. The inventory was administered to 120 K-12 grade teachers from the membership list of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics via an online survey. Multiple regression analysis indicates that there are significant differences among the participants in the influence of potential predictor variables for declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, conditional knowledge, planning awareness, and monitoring awareness. The positive β coefficient indicates that the number of years of teaching experience plays a role in increasing the mathematics teachers' awareness of metacognition, β=.207, p<.05. The findings may help other researchers further explore the use of metacognition by mathematics teachers. Training in metacognitive skills may assist mathematics teachersAmerican schools have been struggling with improving achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics for decades. For the last four decades, the overall mathematics performance of 17 year-olds on the National Assessment of Educational Progress has not shown any significant improvement. Mathematics teachers can use metacognitive techniques to make immediate adjustments in instruction that may assist students in becoming more skillful problem solvers. The purpose of this study was to provide new knowledge about the potential predictors of mathematics teachers' use of the six subfactors of the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory for Teachers. The inventory was administered to 120 K-12 grade teachers from the membership list of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics via an online survey. Multiple regression analysis indicates that there are significant differences among the participants in the influence of potential predictor variables for declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, conditional knowledge, planning awareness, and monitoring awareness. The positive β coefficient indicates that the number of years of teaching experience plays a role in increasing the mathematics teachers' awareness of metacognition, β=.207, p<.05. The findings may help other researchers further explore the use of metacognition by mathematics teachers. Training in metacognitive skills may assist mathematics teachers with developing the expertise to make real time adjustments of instruction. Improvement in the teaching of mathematics may create positive social change by improving the numeracy skills of students and may decrease the number of students that need remediation in mathematics at the college and university level. Predictors of U.S. Teachers' Use of Metacognition in Mathematics Instruction by Regina A. Lewis MS, University of Scranton, 2007 BA, University of Maine at Augusta, 2002 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Education Walden University July 2016 Dedication To all those that understand that teaching and learning are inseparable, that the world is our classroom, that the human organism is a social being designed to learn throughout life's entirety and that spirituality cannot be overlooked as an essential need of the human organism. Acknowledgments First I want to thank the Lord our God for guiding me down this unfamiliar path and for carrying me when I was weary from the daunting and formidable journey. My devoted husband, Jeffrey, who supported my venture into this unfamiliar territory. My children, who patiently understand my obsession for teaching and learning with the 'world as my classroom' and my grandchildren who demonstrate the complexity and gratification of mastering each newly learned task as an ultimate conquest on daily basis. My first mentor, Vicky Eiben Ed.D.,who helped me take the first steps of this journey. Dr. Asoka Jayasena Ph.D., who inherited me and patiently helped me to evolve and develop a passion to understand and to explain phenomena beyond the realm of numbers. Dr. Paula Dawidowicz Ph.D. the reader for my final KAM, a fount of encouragement and support, and a highly knowledgeable resource. My committee chair, Dr. Deanne Otto, and my methodologist, Dr. Wade Smith, who functioned as exemplars of patience while helping to form me as a scholar practitioner. Monsignor Charles Murphy, whose eloquent compositions have helped me to understand the incompleteness of the educational experience in the current paradigm as it continues to ignore the importance of spirituality as a basic need of the human creature.


Somewhat surprisingly, evolutionary economists are far from agreeing upon the economic concept of evolution. The debate revolves around the question whether the mechanisms of variation, selection and retention are general principles of evolutionary processes, also valid in economics, or if economic evolution can be described by self-organization. The paper argues that self-organization is a useful concept, but has not yet fulfilled the aspiration to describe economic evolution as an endogenous process. In self-organization models important aspects, like novelty generation or the attribution of its economic quality, are introduced exogenously. In verbal descriptions however, even critics of general evolutionary principles sketch these processes in a way that is perfectly compatible with the universal principles. The paper thus argues that the controversy is mainly based on a misinterpretation of Universal Darwinism and tries to clarify the concept. It concludes that variation, selection and retention are in fact general evolutionary principles; as self-organization maybe is.


This paper presents an adaptive speech enhancement approach to suppress non-stationary noises form a noisy speech signals. This approach is based on the Empirical Mode Decomposition and Signal Uncertainty. The EMD is just used as pre-processor for signal decomposition into Intrinsic Mode Functions. Further The IMFs are processed for noise suppression through a recursive smoothing based on a smoothing factor which was decided based on the probability of speech presence. A new signal detector is proposed here to measure the probability of speech presence. This approach mainly focused on the optimization of probability of detection through the newly proposed signal detector. The simulation is carried out through various speech signals contaminated with different noise types like White noise, Babble noise and Airport noise at various SNR levels reveals the outstanding performance of proposed approach. The performance evaluation is carried out by measuring the performance metrics, Overall output SNR, Output AvgSegSNR and Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ). The evaluation is carried out for varying noise strengths and for every test case all these metrics are evaluated and compared with conventional approaches.


Pollen grains and spores are an object which studied in palynology. Pollen is produced by seed plants which include gymnosperms and angiosperms. Pollen grains are male reproductive organ of seed plants. Meanwhile, spore is produced by cryptograms which include ferns and Mosses. Cryptogram spores being a resting and dispersal phase in gametophyte. In the study of pollen grains and spores, the complexity of their structure and patterning has necessitated a specific terminology. The main characters of pollen and spores are unit, shape, aperture, and sculpture. They are an important and valuable iriformation in palynology, so their applications relates to other knowledge such as geochronology, biostratigraphy, climate change, migration, flora evolution, stratigraphy, paleoecology, paleoclimatology and archeology. Oseana, Volume XXXIX, Nomor 3, Tahun 2014: 7- 19


1,3-beta-glucanase is an industrially important enzyme having wide range of applications especially in food industry. It is crucial to gain an understanding about the structure and functional aspects of various beta-1,3-glucanase produced from diverse sources. In this, study a cDNA encoding β-1,3-glucanase (GaExg55) was isolated from a psychrophilic yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica PI12. The cDNA sequence has been submitted to Genbank with an accession number (KJ436377). Subsequently, the perdition protein was analyzed using various bioinformatics tools to explore the properties of the protein. GaEXG55 is consisting of 1,440-bp nucleotides encoding 480 amino acid residues. Alignment of the deduced amino acid for GaExg55 with other exo-β-1,3-glucanase available at the NCBI database indicate that deduced amino acids shared a consensus motif NEP, which is signature pattern of GH5 hydrolases. Predicted molecular weight of GaExg55 is 53.66 kDa. GaExg55 sequences possesses signal peptide sequence and it is highly c...


In this study,114 surgical patients with diabetes de- velop perioperaitve complications and mortality 5 times as those without,and the causes might be:(1)Metabolic disorder of fat resulted in cardiovascular and neurological diseases.(2)Metabolic obstacle of glucose caused reduced phagocytosis of granulocytes and intractable infection. (3) Stress leading to adipose and proteinic catabolism, glycogenolysis,decreased collagen synthesis,resulted in delayed incision healing or dehiscence.It is the authors' belief that the optimal glucose level for emergency surgery is between 8~17mmol/L and for selective surg- erg between 6.7~10mmol/L.


In this paper we show a formal approach for the classification problem and a schematization for its resolution. We take the study case of the classification of the quadratic equation of two unknowns in order to illustrate the given procedure. With this, we propose a didactic approach to the methodology exposed for the classificationproblem which could be used by docents of university freshman students in their classes.


Background: Myocarditis represents an important cause of chronic dilated cardiomyopathy. Predicting the clinical course of patients with myocarditis is difficult and the prognostic value of current...


Disconfort, lack of stability, low masticatory efficiency and
speaking difficulty are some of the principal complaints of
patients who use conventional complete dentures. Usually,
these complaints are related to a high bone resorption
that these patients can present, that limits the retention and
the stability of their prosthesis when in function, creating
disconfort. With the possibility of the use of osseointegration
implants in the prosthetics planning, new alternatives
of rehabilitation treatments were developed allowing the
insertion of implants in a edentulate area. Among the treatments
for edentulate patients, overdentures proportionate
a significant increase of retention, stability and comfort
in relation to conventional complete dentures. It is a type
of treament with low cost and simplicity of confection in
relation to fixed implant prosthesis that make it acessible
to a higher number of patients. One of the most important
aspects related to a successful result is the correct selection
of the retention system for each clinical case. This
paper has the objective to explain about the aspects that
are involved in the selection of the most adequate system
for each clinical case.
Key words: Overdenture. Retention system. Implants.


Two years ago remarkable properties were reported for a new alloy based on manganese and aluminum. The value for saturation magnetization in Mn=Al had been extrapolated to infinite magnetizing field and was given as 6200 gauss. Our measurements indicate that the extrapolated figure is too low. Magnetization values of over 7100 gauss have been measured at 13 000 oe. Extrapolations of these values to infinite fields are not made because of anomalies in the magnetization curves at 7500 oe and 12 000 oe. The material having the high magnetization had an energy product of 4.0×106 gauss oe.To reach the high values, it was necessary to adhere to processes and procedures having narrow limits. Saturation magnetization depended directly on composition, homogenizing, quenching rate, annealing, and deformation. The latter was most critical because a preferred axis of orientation is developed by this process. Mn–Al is very brittle, but the brittleness problem was circumvented by swaging the material in suitable jacket...


IR, UV and DSC analyses were used to characterize the interaction of the acrylate copolymers with the titanium chelate(Ti-Ac). The effect of the chelate amount on the water resistance, heat stability and film resolubility of the copolymer film were studied. When the chelate was added (w_(Ti-Ac)=0.015), the water uptake of the resulting film was lowered to less than 1%, and the film still kept a good resolubity.


For the seismic stratigraphy, a key issue is distinguishing the characteristics of seismic reflections generated by geological events with different scales, which in turn assists the sequence stratigraphic interpretation. The data-driven signal decomposition approaches, like variational mode decomposition (VMD) and multi-channel variational mode decomposition (MVMD), can utilize waveform similarity to decompose seismic data into several IMFs. Unfortunately, it is a hard task to define the number of IMFs. To overcome the shortcoming of the previous works, we constructed an enhanced multi-channel variational mode decomposition (EMVMD) and then proposed a workflow to decompose seismic data. We first explained the relationship between the IMFs and structures with different scales. Then, we proposed a method to set the number of IMFs by introduce the contraction operator mapping (COM) and the scale-space representation (SSR). Finally, we provided a workflow and applied it to synthetic and field data to identify seismic sequence stratigraphy boundaries. Synthetic and field data examples show that our workflow preserves lateral continuity and precisely extracts IMFs caused by depositional sequences with different geologic scales, facilitating the interpretation of subtle depositional patterns.


Waveguiding by dielectric-loaded surface plasmon-polaritons (DLSPP) structures are numerically and experimentally investigated. We used the effective index model to understand the influence of basic waveguide parameters such as width and thickness on the properties of the surface plasmon guided modes. A waveguide was fabricated and experimentally studied. The effective indices of the modes supported by the waveguide and their propagation length are evaluated by leakage radiation microscopy in both the Fourier and imaging planes. Several excitation schemes were tested including surface plasmon coupling by diascopic or episcopic illumination as well as defectmediated excitation of guided modes. We found good agreement between theoretical values predicted by the effective index model and experimental values deduced from leakage radiation images.


The anchorage behavior of headed reinforcement in CCT nodes was studied experimentally. A model for the capacity provided by head bearing was developed using a broad database collected from studies of headed reinforcement, deeply embedded anchor bolts, and bearing strength tests of concrete blocks. The model has similarities to existing side blowout and bearing strength formulas.


A high level of alertness is one of the most important requirements for people working in dangerous environments. We follow the approach of using wearable computers as guards. In this paperwe proposea wearablealertness monitoring guard using physiological measures - detecting eyelid closure, reaction time, head movements - to determine the wearer's actual alertness level.


Aviation growth has been accompanied by a plethora of measurements for the performance of its components. Whilst in some areas this is relatively straightforward, e.g. delays or fuel costs, safety is one area of major concern to the major actors in aviation in which it is difficult to measure performance adequately. Currently, safety performance is measured by the use of reported accidents and incidents that compromise certain specified safety criteria in a number of operational areas. A drawback with such measurements is that they can distort the subsequent mitigation efforts by focusing on the performance of a particular local safety measure, rather than considering an integrated system-wide measure.


No front-o ce software can survive without providing derivatives of options prices with respect to underlying market or model parameters, the so called Greeks. We present a list of common Greeks and exploit homogeneity properties of nancial markets to derive relationships between Greeks out of which many are modelindependent. We apply our results to European style options, rainbow options, path-dependent options as well as options priced in Heston's stochastic volatility model and show shortcuts to avoid exorbitant and time-consuming computations of derivatives which even strong symbolic calculators fail to produce. partially a liated to Delft University, by support of NWO Netherlands


Student ID: N9970002 Title of Thesis: Junior High Students' Support and Understanding of the Enlargement of the Open Admission Program and its Influence on their Learning Attitudes-Exemplified in Pingtung City Total Pages: 148 National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Department/Graduate Institute: Graduate Institute of Vocational and Technological Education Date of Graduation: June, 2012 Degree Conferred: Master Name of Student: Wan-Hsiu Wu Advisor: Feng-Chiao Chung Ph. D. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore junior high students' support and understanding of the "Enlargement of the Open Admission Program" and its influence on their learning attitudes. The researcher uses the questionnaire survey as the main method in this study and designed the questionnaire entitled "Learning Attitudes" and "The Support and Understanding of the Enlargement of the Open Admission Program" as the survey tool to investigate the first-grade and third-grade students in public junior high schools in Pingtung City. The datas are analyzed with the methods as followings: descriptive statistics, one sample t-test, one–way ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation, Scheffe's method and Mmultiple Regression. In addition, some important questions related to this study are listed in another questionnaire for teachers to answer, which is supposed to convey teachers' true feelings toward this program. According to the research, the results are summarized below: 1. Junior high students got positive views toward "Enlargement of the Open Admission Program" . Except "Junior Colleges Admission by Application", junior high students have clear ideas of this program. 2. Junior high students' support and understanding of the "Enlargement of the Open Admission Program" are different due to different variables, such as grade, socioeconomic status, and teachers' leading way. 3. Junior high students take positive learning attitudes after complementing "Enlargement of the Open Admission Program". But students with different background variables show significant differences on their learning attitudes. 4. Junior high students' support and understanding toward the "Enlargement of the Open Admission Program" are not much correlated with their learning attitudes. But the more they support and understand this program, we can effectively predict the better learning attitudes they will have. 5. Generally speaking, junior high teachers got positive opinions toward this program; however, they don't think that this program can stir up junior high students' learning motivation or reduce students' learning pressure. Though for most teachers the teaching pressure isn't reduced because of this program, they tend to enhance their teaching positively to adjust the change brought by this program. Finally, based on the results above, the researcher tries to provide useful suggestions for the education administrative authorities and other researchers. Key words: Enlargement of the Open Admission Program, learning attitudes


Strategic forecasting processes of transnationalization of insurance business expands the range of offered solutions of tasks connected with attraction of foreign capital, new technologies of risk management in the national market. The Russian business on foreign markets determines the need to create a special institution, whose tasks include promising prediction of foreign projects of large domestic insurance companies. The interaction of such an institution with companies developing integration projects, facilitating the development of a unified system of measures of state support foreign expansion of business, development of information services and financial services market of insurance services in Russia.


Arrays of Pt nanowires, fabricated by electrodepositing Pt metal into nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) templates, exhibit a preferable optical absorption band in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectra and present a blueshift as the wire aspect ratio increases or its radius decreases. This type of optical property of Pt nanowire/porous alumina composites has been theoretically explored using Maxwell-Garnett (MG) effective medium theory. The MG theory, however, is only applicable to nanowires with an infinitesimally small radius relative to the wavelength of an incident light. The nanowire radius is controlled by the pore radius of the host alumina, which depends on anodizing conditions such as the selected electrolyte, anodizing time, temperature and voltage. The nanowire aspect ratios depend on the amount of Pt deposited into the nanopores of AAO films. The optical absorption properties of the arrays of Pt nanowires with diameters of 24, 55 and 90 nm have been investigated by the UV-VIS spectra, which show that the extinction maximum (λmax ) shifts to shorter wavelength side as the wire aspect ratio increases or its radius decreases. The results are qualitatively consistent with those calculated based on the MG theory.


The west wall of large-scale 'upwellings' that develop in the bottomside of the nighttime equatorial F layer becomes structured by the wind-driven gradient drift instability, the same process that leads to the formation of striations in barium ion clouds. Upwellings are initiated by wavelike perturbations with long spatial wavelengths (∼400-km) and are amplified by the collisional Rayleigh-Taylor instability (and sometimes assisted by the gradient drift instability in the case of an upward moving F layer). The west wall structuring process is driven by an eastward neutral wind enhanced by reduced drag during the postsunset hours and a velocity shear in east-west bulk plasma drift in the bottomside F layer. West wall structures evolve in a manner analogous to primary plasma bubbles, i.e., secondary plasma bubbles grow from the west wall. Their characteristics are compared with those of the primary bubbles and discussed in the light of existing theories.


We report a 24‐year‐old woman with androgenetic alopecia who became sensitized to topical minoxidil following use of an extemporaneous preparation of minoxidil 4% with retinoic acid in a propylene glycol base. She subsequently also became sensitized to saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), a topical herbal extract commonly promoted for the treatment of hair loss.


To investigate the damage evolution of acid-corroded concrete under uniaxial compression,prismatic concrete specimens were immerged in mixed solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid with pH value 2.5for the compression test through monotonic loading and repeated loading.The effect of acidic corrosion on concrete was studied by analysis of mechanical property,Kaiser effect and parameters of acoustic emission(AE)rate process,and a calculation method for damage factors and constitutive equations is presented taking into account of initial damage.Consequently,quantitative evaluation of concrete damage can be implemented by using AE parameters.


The assessment of uncertainties in the initial conditions for the numerical weather prediction is a main focus of ensemble data assimilation. A variety of different methods has been developed, e.g. the ensemble Kalman filter. A new approach to the estimation of fast growing error modes in the evolution of dynamical systems like numerical weather forecast models is based on the breeding of growing modes method (abbr. breeding). One advantage of the breeding technique is that no a priori information of the errors in model or background are needed. The method rather directly estimates the fastest-growing error modes related to the Lyapunov vectors of the dynamical system. In the conventional breeding method, a control run and perturbed ensemble members are integrated from one analysis time step to the next using the full non-linear model. Then, the increase in perturbation amplitude is measured and used to rescale the perturbations to the initial size and add them to the new analysis. However, when applying this technique to high-resolution limited-area models, the perturbations are quickly transported out of the domain and do therefore not have sufficient time to evolve into reliable assessments of atmospheric uncertainty structures. The proposed technique ‐ called self-breeding ‐ uses no analysis state but only the control run as a reference and is therefore not restricted to certain, usually long time intervals between the analyses. This has proven to be beneficial regarding the implementation of breeding in limited-area models as the uncertainty structures can build up much faster compared to the conventional method. Two variations of self-breeding are proposed: progressive and stationary. While the progressive variant is similar to classical breeding but makes use of much shorter rescaling intervals, stationary self-breeding applies the integration and rescaling to the same time period repeatedly. This can be used to target specific situations or events and to assess the corresponding uncertainty structures. Through the use of diverse norms for the measurement of the perturbation growth and different rescaling interval lengths, the technique also allows for the estimation of uncertainty patterns related to specific phenomena like convection, turbulence or fronts. Both a stationary and a progressive self breeding are implemented in a limitred-area, mesoscale NWP model. In several case studies (e.g., fronts, inversions, air mass convection) we present applications of the self-breeding technique to identify uncertainty structures on different temporal and spatial scales.


Autophagy is a process by which lysosomes degrade and recycle long‐lived proteins and cellular organelles. It degrades cellular components that are worn out/damaged or needed to generate substrates to maintain cellular energy homeostasis under conditions of limited nutrients or stress. Cells of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (HNSCC), which is the fifth most common malignancy in the world, have a high expression of the SET protein and under oxidative stress they perform the autophagic process. Therefore, the aim of our study is to verify a potential involvement of the SET protein on the autophagic process in these cells exposed to oxidative stress. Initially, knockdown of the SET protein (siSET) was performed in the Cal 27 cell line, in which oxidative stress was induced with tert‐butylhydroperoxide (t‐BHP). Proteins involved in autophagy as LC3B, Beclin‐1 and p62 were analyzed by immunoblotting. The siSET in Cal 27 cells caused an increase in the level of these proteins, which was slightly and significantly reduced after 4 and 8 hours of exposure to t‐BHP, respectively. Acids vacuoles identified by immunofluorescence, which are indicative of autophagy, were also found in Cal 27 cells for siSET and treatment with t‐BHP. Therefore, we believed that SET protein is important for the modulation of autophagy in HNSCC. PCR array assays are now in progress in order to assess potential genes involved in this regulation.


A combined physiological and histological investigation of the pancreatic gland of the cat was undertaken with the ob-jcct of studying some of the effects produced hp the action of the sympathetic and parasympathetic secretory nerves and also of certain sl-mpatho-and parasympatliomimetic, drugs. The liistological part of the worli was confined to study of the discharge of the zymogen granules from the acinous cells when the gland was stimulated to secretory activity hy various methods.


Fannish intermediaries occupy a unique position between individual fans and industry stakeholders, since they have affective ties to the fan object as well as commercial interests in the ways that individual fans interact with that fan object and related content. These differences raise new questions regarding the ethics of fan studies work conducted in collaboration with such fannish intermediaries, as demonstrated by the reach and results of the 2021 Anime Con Survey.


In this paper we present the performance analysis of a binary transmission on a Rayleigh fast fading channel in the presence of intersymbol interference and a mixture of Gaussian and impulsive noises. The impulsive noise is modeled as an alpha-stable process. The average probability of error is derived based on the characteristic functions of the noise random variables.


Apparatus for carrying out a method for monitoring radiation and such. The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the application or for transmitting a radiation of a moving object with a particle beam, wherein - wrid directed by a beam exit, a particle beam on the moving object, - comprising an X-ray detector and an opposite X-ray source, which are independent of the position of the radiation outlet positioned around the object, during the application of the particle beam X-ray images are recorded from different directions, and from this line a series of digital tomosynthesis images of the moving of an imaging unit, object be reconstructed and - the reconstructed digital tomosynthesis images are analyzed, so that movement of the moving object is detected and the variation of the radiation is controlled.


The transient dynamics of transition-metal dichalcogenides is of significant interest for clarifying fundamental manyparticle interactions at the nanoscale as well as for novel applications. We report an ultrafast terahertz study up to 7 THz of the lamellar semiconductor MoS2 to access the non-equilibrium conductivity of photo-excited indirect e-h pairs in this multi-layered parent compound. While the equilibrium transport is Drude-like, near-IR optical excitation results in a complex photo-induced conductivity that consists of two components. Mobile charge carriers dominate the low frequency response below 2 THz, while at low temperatures an additional excess conductivity is observed that is enhanced around 4 THz. Two time scales appear in the dynamics: a slow ns relaxation due to non-radiative recombination and a faster sub-100 ps decay connected to the high-frequency THz feature. We discuss the broad THz peak within a model of intra-excitonic transitions in MoS2. It agrees well with the expected binding energy and oscillator strength, yet results in an anomalous temperature dependence of the exciton fraction requiring an electronically inhomogeneous phase.


Genetically manipulated food barley, Hordeum vulgare L. var. valfajr, was compared to commercial-grade starch as car- bon sources in groundnut and soybean based media for supporting growth, sporulation and delta-endotoxin production by Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner B. thuringiensis kurstaki HD-1 and a promising newly isolated B. thuringiensis strain (referred to as BTA) were used. MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 , and MnCl 2 were used as trace-elements. Culture media were compared in shaken flasks and then in 5 l Fermen- tors. Biomass, delta-endotoxin levels and the number of spores as colony forming units (CFU) were evaluated. For each of the two strains, biomass and delta-endotoxin synthesis were not significantly different in soybean-based media after substitution starch by barley flour. There were significant differences between the two strains with respect to biomass and toxin production. Evaluated costs of media preparation showed that food barley is an economical alternative to commercial-grade starch in the production of BTA bioinsecticide.


Greece has been characterized by high earthquake in comparison not only with Mediterranean countries, but also with many parts of Eurasia. In the present study an assessment of the psychiatric morbidity was carried out in the city of Kalamata, Greece, two weeks after the earthquake in September, 1986. A random sample of residents divided into three categories was assessed. The participating groups consisted of 205 adults, 172 high school students and 69 adult outpatients who suffered from minor pathological problems or proceeded for a check up without being necessarily ill. The Langner and CES-D scales were administered for the population assessment. Detailed statistical analysis revealed that the earthquake had significant psychological effects and caused a considerable degree of depression in all groups. According to the Langner Scale, 31.3% of the general population, 11.6% of the students and 40.6% of the patients exhibited 10 or more symptoms on the Langner scale indicating severe disturbance. Also 50.9% of the whole sample exhibited 6 or more symptoms indicating serious disturbance. In the CES-D scale, 79% of the general population, 69.2% of students and 75% of the outpatients exhibited 16 or more symptoms, or 74,6% of the whole sample. The observed difference between general population and students is significant on Langner scale (p<0.001) and on CES-D scale (p<0.025). The major symptoms in all groups were prevalence of severe psychiatric symptomatology, anxiety, psychosomatic disorders and depression.


The goal of this study is to present a wide frequency agility technique obtained on a miniature omnidirectional antenna using a combination of variable capacitance and inductance. The structure is a compact shorted microstrip omnidirectional antenna which has already been miniaturized by a slot loading technique. In order to fight frequency bandwidth reduction associated to antenna miniaturization and to fulfil modern telecommunication standard requirements which operate over wide frequency bands, two active components are added to the structure so as to obtain a wide frequency agility. Based on this technique, an electronically tunable antenna with a frequency range of 0.940–1.41GHz is designed with typical dimensions (width x length x height) of λ0/11 × λ0/11 × λ0/63 at the lowest operating frequency (λ0 being the free space operating wavelength).


This paper undertakes a survey of the case studies and literature review on cash waqf. The aim is to provide an understanding of the issues, challenges, and potential opportunities for developing cash waqf by SWOT-LISA analysis. Our survey reveals that three is a need to: (a) focus on new development program, including riil market sector, (b) establish the cash waqf statistical datasets, and (c) establish the robustness of the cash waqf finding.


Structural and electrical properties of YBa2−xSrxCu3Oy prepared under ambient oxygen pressure were systematically investigated for 0≤x≤2.0. Samples with high Sr contents, x≥1.7, showed semiconductive properties with an activation energy of ∼150 meV at high temperature, T≥80 K. At low temperatures, T≤80 K, activation energy dropped to ∼3.00 and ∼0.85 meV for x=1.7–1.8 and x=1.9–2.0, respectively. It is argued that YSr2Cu3Oy is likely to have a tetragonal structure and that the disorder introduced by Sr substitution affects electrical conduction, which involves charge hopping between the CuO chains at high Sr contents.


Antagonists of the leukotrienes-B4 have formula (I), in which n is an integer between 2 and 5, X is a direct bond, 1 to 6 methylene units, an ortho-, meta- or para-substituted phenyl ring or a meta- or para-substituted pyridin ring; Y is a bond to a hydrogen atom and at the same time to a hydroxy group, an oxygen atom with a double bond or -O-CH2-CH2-O-; R1 and R2 stand for the rest OH, -O-(C1-C4)-alkyl, O-(C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, -O-(C6-C10)-aryl, -O-(C7-C12)-aralkyl, O-(CH2)-CO-(C6-C10)-aryl or the residue NHR3, in which R3 stands for hydrogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl or (C7-C12)-aralkyl. Also disclosed are the salts of said antagonists with physiologically tolerable bases and their cyclodextrin clathrates.


Abstract In this paper we develop a Bayesian analysis for the nonlinear regression model with errors that follow a continuous autoregressive process. In this way, unequally spaced observations do not present a problem in the analysis. We employ the Gibbs sampler, (see Gelfand, A., Smith, A. (1990). Sampling based approaches to calculating marginal densities. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 85:398–409.), as the foundation for making Bayesian inferences. We illustrate these Bayesian inferences with an analysis of a real data-set. Using these same data, we contrast the Bayesian approach with a generalized least squares technique.


Powerquality monitoring isoneofthemajor concerns in modernindustry inorder tosaveexpenses, accomplish withIEEE standards andincrease useful life cycle ofelectrical devices. Harmonic content ofnonlinear loads causes several problems at industry, being necessary itscontinuous monitoring andanalysis. Previous works forpowerquality monitoring depend onacomputer fordata processing, displaying only afewpowerquality indices; on theother hand, commercially available products arehighly priced andunsuitedfor continuous monitoring. Thenovelty ofthis workis theproposal ofareal-time standalone instrument toanalyze power harmonics fornonlinear loads, capable tocalculate enough indices toperform areliable powerquality assessment. Thecontribution of this workisthattheproposed algorithm isimplemented intoa low-cost FPGA(Field Programmable GateArray) offering aspecial purpose SoC(System on-achip) solution being accessible bymost industries tomeetcontinuous on-line monitoring requirements. Two casesofstudy arepresented todemonstrate theimplementation performance. Thedeveloped instrument iscompared witha commercialproduct inorder tovalidate results.


Mrs. Leontine Goins Luke did not expect the riots and violence that erupted in New Orleans in November of 1960 when a federal court order desegregated two schools in her neighborhood. An NAACP activist and PTA leader, Mrs. Luke had been one of the organizers of the Bush suit of 1951-a desegregation suit filed in 1952 and resolved by Brown in 1954. After years of stalling on the part of the Orleans Parish School Board, District Judge J. Skelly Wright ordered New Orleans's schools to desegregate in the fall of 1960. Immediately, the state legislature and governor attempted


This paper proposes an efficient sensorless speed estimation approach for electric servo drives based on the full-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode observer (FONTSM) with the application of DC motor drives. In this method, a specific full-order terminal sliding mode manifold is utilised for the observer design which results in the elimination of the chattering and avoiding the singularity phenomenon of conventional and terminal sliding modes. Here, speed and armature back emf can be directly estimated from the relevant observer's inputs which are continuous instead of being discontinuous high-frequency "switching" signals. The efficiencies and advantages of this approach have been proven and validated in both simulation and experimental results.


A phycological and physico-chemical study of two hot springs of Rajgir, Bihar, India revealed the occurrence of 44 species of cyanobacteria. Species of Oscillatoria, and Phormidium and Mastigocladus laminosus constituted the dominant flora of both the springs. The spring waters were alkaline, with low dissolved oxygen and were fairly low in ions


This study examines the determinants of a firm's generative appropriation, defined as a firms' effectiveness in capturing a larger share of cumulative inventions spawned from its prior inventions. Building on learning theory and the resource-based view, we investigate how a firm's knowledge diversity across technological and geographic space influences generative appropriation. We also investigate how technology opportunities moderate the effect of knowledge diversity on generative appropriation. Using a longitudinal study of US manufacturing firms and using patents as a proxy for inventions, we find that technological knowledge diversity has a negative effect on generative appropriation and that technology opportunity weakens that effect. We also find that the effect of geographic diversity is contingent on the availability of technological opportunities. When technology opportunity is low, moderate geographic diversity leads to higher generative appropriation than high or low geographic diversity does. However, when technology opportunity is high, geographic diversity appears to have a monotonically negative effect on generative appropriation. These results highlight the way the cumulative and preclusive learning of prior knowledge depend on a firm's knowledge diversity and technology opportunities.


Species-transformation provisions allow fishers to convert quota of one species to that of another species at prescribed conversion rates. These provisions,alongwithothercatch-quotabalancing mechanisms,aremeanttoaidfishersinmatchingavailablequotatoactualcatchsothatincen-tivestodiscard arereduced. Inthispaper, weuseabioeconomicmodeltoexaminehowspecies-transformationprovisionsaffectsustainabilityand profitabilityof a multispecies fishery.Webase parameterization of the model looselyon management of the Icelandic demersal fishery,which currently employs one of the broadest implementations of species transformations. To represent fisher behaviour in each year, effort is allocated among two or three me´tiers, such that total profit for that year is maximized. Each me´tier represents a combination of three species' catchability rates that define which species are targeted by each me´tier and how independent a species' catch rate is from that of other species. Assumptions regardingthedegreetowhichfisherscantargetspecificspeciesbyshiftingeffortbetweenme´tiers,aswellashowrelativeprofitabilityamongme´tiers varies, are paramount to understanding more generally how fishing regulations such as species transformations can be expected to change fishing patterns. This constraint depends not only on how strongly associated species catches are within a me´tier but also on relative species abundance and what alternate me´tiers are available.


The day when men control machines by speech, instead of pushing buttons or flipping levers, may be closer as the result of studies made at Case Institute of Technology by H. W. Mergler, Associate Professor of Engineering.


We analyzed some parameters, affecting the success rates of in vitro procedures taken from the national registers of Japan, China, and the USA. We compare birth rates for frozen embryo transfer (FET) and fresh ET after IVF / ICSI procedures, and we believe one of the reasons for the higher FET success rate is the "therapeutic" effect on embryos following the freezing / thawing procedure. This phenomenon has been described in our "Theory about the Embryo Cryo-Treatment". We believe that cryopreservation helps to partially eliminate the negative impact of air pollution caused by the pollution of the environment on the development and implantation of embryos.


In this study, the characteristics of teachers that motivate their implementation of reform curriculum, and the factors that influence the teachers' success in implementing the curriculum are investigated. In particular, teachers' internal struggles, frustrations, collegiality, and classroom successes during the implementation of the reform curriculum are considered. From data gathered from elementary school teachers through electronic instructional logs, a classification emerges that suggests that teachers fall into three broad categories based on their characteristics. Implications and future research directions are suggested.


The correct evaluation of gradients is at the cornerstone of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique. Using an integral approach to estimate gradients has proven to enhance accuracy substantially. Such approach retains the Lagrangian structure of SPH equations and is fully conservative. In this paper we study, among other things, the connection between the choice of the volume elements (VEs), which enters in the SPH summations, and the accuracy in the gradient estimation within the integral approach scheme (ISPH). A new kind of VEs are proposed which improve the partition of unit and are fully compatible with the Lagrangian formulation of SPH, including the grad-h corrections. Using analytic considerations, simple static toy models in 1D, and a few full 3D test cases, we show that any improvement in the partition of unit also leads to a better calculation of gradients when the integral approach is used jointly. Additionally, we propose a simple-to-implement variant of the ISPH scheme which is more adequate to handle sharp density contrasts.


Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent, expensive and challenging condition in the physiotherapist's clinical practice. In the treatment of this condition, the physical therapist should be based on the Evidence Based Practice (EBP). In order to synthesize existing information in the literature, the Clinical Practice Guidelines (GPC) make recommendations based on available evidence about the most effective interventions, minimizing the time and cost of intervention. Objetive: Conduct a systematic review in order to identify the physiotherapist interventions in the CLBP through the EBP, according to recommendations of GPC. Methods: Research in PubMed and PEDro databases, in order to identify CPG that address the use of modalities related to the physiotherapist intervention in CLBP. Inclusion criteria: Guidelines published with a time limit of 10 years (2006 and 2016), written in English and with free full text. Exclusion criteria: articles that were experimental studies, review studies, revision of Guidelines and Guidelines that didn't address the use of physiotherapeutic modalities in intervention in Chronic Low Back Pain. Results: The present literature review includes a total of 8 Guidelines. In addition to modalities related to manual therapy, thermo-therapy and kinesiological modalities, which are directly related to the physiotherapist's intervention in CL, other therapies, such as yoga, acupuncture, the use of orthoses and the multidisciplinary intervention, are also addressed; Oral and invasive pharmacological modalities and surgical procedures. Conclusion: Based on the revised guidelines, the physiotherapist should intervene in CL through therapeutic exercise and the implementation of strategies / counseling that promote the autonomy of the patient to treat this condition. The physiotherapist also has manual therapy that should be used as a complement to a program of therapeutic exercise and for a short-term.


The special features in the process of the metal decarburization in the electric arc steelmaking furnace using iron-rich pellets under the conditions of their continuous charging into the furnace bath have been considered. The role of the components of the carbon oxidation rate under the general conditions of the metal decarburization in the steelmaking bath has been shown. The mathematical model of the metal decarburization during melting the iron ore iron-rich pellets in the bath of the electric arc steelmaking furnace has been proposed.


Background: Documentation of the nursing method is crucial, however regularly ignored as a part of medical documentation. Paper-primarily based structures have been added to help the nursing documentation process. Objectives: The study aims to assess the effect of training program on knowledge and practice of nurses regarding nursing documentation. Methods: Quasi-experimental study was carried out in Omdurman military hospital extended from February 2019 to August 2019. A questionnaire and evaluation checklist was used to collect data from (203) nurses. They were selected by non-probability sampling technique (purposive sampling). The data were analyzed by computer software program (SPPS) version 20. Results: The study showed that more than half (60.6%) of nurses were female, (65%) had bachelor's degrees, (42.9%)had 1-2 years of experience and more than a third (34.0%) worked in general word. The nurse's knowledge regarding the type of record system, pretest (51.7%) had unsatisfied knowledge. There was an increase in knowledge of nurses regarding documentation post-implementation of the program. Posttest (75.9%) with a highly significant relationship between nurses training courses and knowledge about the concept of quality in nursing (0.002) Study showed that the nurse's knowledge about nursing record forms was improved post educational program (48.3%) were satisfied knowledge compared with the pretest (69.05) were poor knowledge. Common nursing report errors were the change of shift and incidence report (73.4 %, 87.2%) in pretest which decrease to (50.2%, 44.3%) in the posttest, respectively. while the common nursing record error pretest Illegible record (69.3%), change in Patient condition (66.5%), Round book (73.9), Medication record error (60.1%). Conclusion & Recommendation: The teaching program had a positive effect on the quality of nursing care. The study recommended updating nurses' knowledge and skills about documentation guidelines through continuous professional development.


Boronic acid containing compounds are regarded as a new class of pharmaceuticals, and the distribution in live cells is crucial for the development of novel drugs. However, generic detection methods for boron compounds are not suitable for live-cell imaging, and the fluorescence-labeling technique is challenging to apply for small molecules. Fluorescent boron-sensor DAHMI which is based on a boron chelating ligand was developed for a novel visualization method of boron-based pharmaceuticals in the live cell. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of boronic acid derivatives in live cells using a fluorescent boronic acid sensor.


Siemens has met its guidance for fiscal 2015 as planned and announced an ambitious outlook for fiscal 2016. In fiscal 2015, orders climbed six percent to €82.3 billion. Revenue was also up six percent to €75.6 billion. Excluding currency translation and portfolio effects, orders and revenue were both down one percent, roughly at the prior-year level. The book-to-bill ratio was 1.09. The profit margin for the Industrial Business was 10.1 percent. Net income totaled €7.4 billion (fiscal 2014: €5.5 billion). At €8.84, basic earnings per share were 39 percent above the prior-year figure. For fiscal 2015, Siemens had anticipated revenue on an organic basis at the prior-year level and a book-to-bill ratio of over one. An increase in basic earnings per share of at least 15 percent above the prior-year value of €6.37 had been forecast. The profit margin for the Industrial Business had been expected to be 10 percent to 11 percent.


Objective: The quality of medication use by the elderly is a major safety concern because of an increasing number of people in this segment of the population and the fact that they are major drug consumers. The objective of this study was to test whether administrative computerized pharmacy prescription data could be used to assess the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use by the elderly in Rijeka, Croatia, using two sets of explicit criteria data. Methods: In 2002, the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use in the elderly aged 70 years or over was evaluated using Beers' criteria. Inappropriate co-prescribing was evaluated using a list of eight potentially harmful drug combinations. Information on the use of drugs was collected from a computerized pharmacy record of all prescriptions dispensed in the ''Jadran Pharmacies'' in Rijeka. Results: Five computerized pharmacies dispensed 306,000 (65% of all prescriptions in Rijeka); 78,000 were for those aged 70 years and over. Among these elderly, the prevalence of inappropriate choice of drugs was 2.2% and inadequate co-prescribing 1.9%. The most common inappropriate drug was a long-acting benzodiazepine, diazepam. Mostly used potentially harmful combinations were a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) co-prescribed with a diuretic, and two benzodiazepines co-prescribed. Conclusion: We found that computerized pharmacy data can be used as a screening tool in efforts to improve the quality of drug prescribing in Rijeka. Explicit criteria for assessing inappropriate prescribing for the elderly can easily be applied to population based surveys. This study suggests a low rate of potentially inappropriate prescribing for the elderly in Rijeka.


This study aims to investigate the friction coefficient of Al2O3–NbC nanocomposite obtained by spark plasma sintering sliding against a steel ball.,Tribological tests were carried out using a reciprocating nanotribometer in a ball on flat configuration with normal loads in the range from 10 to 100 mN under dry conditions. Surface changes were analyzed by confocal microscopy and 3D profilometry.,The values of the friction coefficient varied from 0.15 to 0.6 and are independent of the applied load.,The tribological behavior is attributed to fracture in the contact region and the effect of wear debris.,The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2019-0356/


be Since Dicke's pioneer work 1 on coherent spontaneous r diation of gas, the coherent effect for spontaneous radia of various systems has attracted extensive interest both t retically and experimentally. 2,3 The coherent radiation phe nomena for the atomic system was intensively investiga in the late 1960's. 4–6 It was found that the distances betwe atoms in crystal are much smaller than the ones in gas, so coherent effect would be much greater than that in gas. 7 But as it was well known, 8 the excitons will couple with photon to form a polariton—an eigenstate of the combined sys consisting of the crystal and the radiation field which do not decay radiatively. What makes the excitons trapped the bulk crystal is the conservation of crystal momentum one considers a thin film, 9,10 the excitons can undergo radia tive decay as a result of the broken crystal symmetry. T decay rate of excitons in a thin film is enhanced by a fac of (l/d) compared to a lone exciton in an empty lattic wherel is the wave length of emitted photon and d is the lattice constant of the film. Recently, with the advance of microfabrication techno gies such as molecular beam epitaxy, it has become pos to fabricate various structure of microcrystal with fine qu ity and novel properties, such as quantum well, superlatt quantum dot, and quantum wire. The excitons in quant well can exhibit the behavior between purely three dim sions~3D! and 2D. Many investigations on the radiative lin width of excitons in quantum wells have been perform Cebullaet al. found an abnormal increase of excitonic r diative life time with the decrease of well width below 5 n for InxGa12xAs/InP quantum well. The radiative lifetimes o excitons in InAs quantum sheets were measured by Bra et al., they observed the increasing of radiative life-tim with the decreasing of well thickness. Hanamura 13 investigated theoretically the radiative decay rate of quantum and quantum well. The obtained results are similar to tha Lee and Liu's for thin films. Knoester 14 obtained the dispersion relation of Frankel excitons of quantum slab. T oscillating dependence of the radiative width of the excito like polaritons with the lowest energy on the crystal thic ness was found. Recently, Bjo ̈rk et al. examined the relationship between atomic and excitonic superradiance in and thick slab geometries. They demonstrated that supe diance can be treated by a unified formalism for atoms, Fr kel excitons, and Wannier excitons. In a previous work Agranovichet al., a detailed microscopic study of Frenk exciton-polariton in crystal slabs of arbitrary thickness performed.


Using NACE TM 0284-2003 standard,the behavior of anti-hydrogen induced cracking of X80 pipeline steel in different solution was investigated. The results show that the steel in different solution has better performance of anti-hydrogen induced cracking,there is no cracking inside the steel; micro-cracking on the specimen surface mainly nucleates at pitting corrosion pits and expands along the polygonal ferrite; the expansion mode is mostly transgranular type,and the expansion terminates in acicular ferrite.


We study clean superconducting quantum dots (SQD) and also site dependent Josephson couplings, on site charging energies and the intersite interactions in presence of gate voltage. We predict the existence of different fractionally quantized Cooper pair stair case with many interesting physical properties. The appearance of stair case is not only due to the Coulomb blocked phenomena but also for the site dependent Josephson couplings. We also explain physically the absence of other fractionally quantized Cooper pair stair case. The physics of fractionally quantized Cooper pair stair case has close resemblance with the fractionally quantized magnetization plateau of a spin chain system under a magnetic field.


A new principle of X-ray stress evaluation for a sample with steep stress gradient has been prosed. The feature of this method is that the stress is determined by using so-called φ-method based on the change of φ-angle and thus has no effect on the penetration depth of X-rays. The procedure is as follows; firstly, an average stress within the penetration depth of X-rays is determined by changing only φ angle under a fixed ψ angle, and then a distribution of the average stress vs. the penetration depth of X-rays is detected by repeating the similar procedure at different ψ angles.The following conclusions were found out as the result of residual stress measurements on a carbon steel of type S55C polished by emery paper. This method is practical enough to use for a plane stress problem. And the assumption of a linear stress gradient adopted in the authors' previous investgations is valid. In case of a triaxial stress analysis, this method is effective for the solution of three shearing stresses. However, three normal stresses can not be solved perfectly except particular ψ angles.


Abstract Enol ethers are reacted with mercaptanes to give the corresponding O/S- or S/S-acetals in medium to high yield. Either product can be formed selectively depending on the acid catalyst and the reaction time applied.


An approximation procedure for time optimal control problems for the linear wave equation is analyzed. Its asymptotic behavior is investigated and an optimality system including a transversality conditions for the regularized and unregularized problems are derived. The regularized problem also serves as a starting point for numerical techniques. For this purpose a family of parameterized optimal control problems, depending on the time horizon τ as parameter, is introduced. Each member of this family can be solved by a locally superlinearly convergent semi-smooth Newton algorithm. It is verified that the derivative of its minimal value functional of the parameterized problems coincides with the transversality condition of the time optimal problems. Selected numerical examples are given.


Aiming at realizing a self-control partial body-weight support(BWS) system,a Cable-driven BWS system was designed,the dynamic model was accomplished,and the force control system was developed to keep the weight force constant.The simulation experiments were developed to demonstrates the feasibility of the BWS system.The test results indicate that the system has fast response and small error,which demonstrates the benefits of the actively controlled system,and lays the foundation for the futher more achievement of AC servo control platform.


Infertility is a subject which has received much attention in the media recently. With the average age of women having their first baby increasing it is likely to be an ever expanding field of medicine. This article seeks to present an overview of current causes, investigations and the role the practice nurse may play when seeing infertile couples.


Polymer‐based organic room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have recently attracted significant attention. In most of the previous works, 'chemical approaches' were applied to improve the performance of RTP materials, such as designing certain phosphors or selecting specific polymeric matrixes. However, enhancing triplet emission through facile 'physical approaches' is rarely reported. In this study, enhanced RTP emissions of phosphor‐doped polymers are reported by thermal annealing. By doping a difluoroboron β‐diketonate derivative into poly(diacetone acrylamide) (PDAAM), green RTP emissions can be obtained. After thermal annealing at 125 °C for 5 min, the afterglow duration of RTP increases from 2.6 to 5.3 s and also the brightness of RTP emission exhibits a threefold increase. Such post‐treatment is applicable for various polymeric matrixes. The mechanism underlying thermal‐annealing enhanced RTP is investigated. Moreover, it demonstrates that controlled RTP by thermal annealing can be used in information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting. This work provides new insight into the development of organic RTP materials with tunable emissions.


Development of road transport is now subjected to numerous constraints related to reachability exhaustive sources of liquid fuels and the associated increase in their prices. In addition, restrictions on emissions tend for quickly change the drives with an internal combustion powered petroleum products for electric cars in the near future. Compared to the conventional internal combustion engine, full electric cars driven on European roads appear as environmental winners for the next decades in terms of environmental protection. The article draws attention to the growing increase in CO2 emissions over the years until 2050. Forecasts by 2050, it is estimated that environmentally friendly vehicles will probably reduce the CO2 emissions into the atmosphere comes from cars. The article shows that the speaking of electric vehicles in terms of ecology should take into account the emissivity of the vehicle together to produce a current, and not only the emission of the vehicle from tan to wheel. In the article dealt with directions of development electric sector model in the context of the year 2050. It presents three scenarios that involve the reduction of CO2 emissions, which directly translates into lower fuel consumption.


So-called gravity models have been used to analyze migration flows by eliminating the influence of distance between areas and the size of the populations studied. Applying such a model to French interregional migration between 1982 and 1990 shows that the impact of distance is greater for young people than for adults and especially for retired persons. Estimates based on indices of attraction and repulsion in the various regions (calculated from residual data of the model) show some significant trends during the periods 1975-1982 and 1982-1990....Analysis of residual flows indicates preferred directions and barrier effects between regions. (EXCERPT)


OBJECTIVE
Adequate physical activity after stroke is critical for cardiovascular health. Although sex is a potential factor associated with post-stroke physical activity, its mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to examine sex differences in human physical activity following stroke.

METHOD
A cross-sectional study with 62 participants (men: 42, women: 20) was conducted. Physical activity was measured for three consecutive days using a step activity monitor. The walking durations per day in light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and total physical activity were calculated. Sex differences in walking duration were compared using Welch's t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests.

RESULTS
Women had a significantly greater walking duration in light physical activity and in total than did the men. In contrast, no significant differences were found in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

CONCLUSION
This study reported sex differences in the walking duration after stroke. Moreover, it found that women spent more time in low intensity physical activity than men. Our results will be useful for planning interventions to increase physical activity and decrease sedentary behavior after stroke.


Videos are one of the important and richest sources of data on internet. In this growing world of digital technology video summarization will be handy in analysing the video data. Recently Natural Language Processing has attracted more researchers to work to meet the current emerging challenges. Among the various issues, video summarization got more focus and in this regard, many applications and works have been evolved. Video Summarization is the process of creating a small video describing the actual video within short duration(s). The paper focuses on generating highlights of a cricket video by analysing the voice of commentator and spectators. The experimental results have shown good performance when compared with human generated summary.


1. Problem Statement
 It is necessary both to develop character and to maximize potentiality of the juvenile for their balanced growth. In order to...


Recent years have witnessed the rise of accurate but obscure classification models that hide the logic of their internal decision processes. In this paper, we present a framework to locally explain any type of black-box classifiers working on any data type through a rule-based model. In the literature already exists local explanation approaches able to accomplish this task. However, they suffer from a significant limitation that implies representing data as a binary vectors and constraining the local surrogate model to be trained on synthetic instances that are not representative of the real world. We overcome these deficiencies by using autoencoder-based approaches. The proposed framework first allows to generate synthetic instances in the latent feature space and learn a latent decision tree classifier. After that, it selects and decodes the synthetic instances respecting local decision rules. Independently from the data type under analysis, such synthetic instances belonging to different classes can unveil the reasons for the classification. Also, depending on the data type, they can be exploited to provide the most useful kind of explanation. Experiments show that the proposed framework advances the state-of-the-art towards a comprehensive and widely usable approach that is able to successfully guarantee various properties besides interpretability.


In addition to providing an inventory of genes and their regulatory regions, whole-genome sequencing has paved the way for high-throughput technologies that take snapshots of the regulatory programs governing the expression of these genes. Analyzing many different C. albicans transcription profile experiments revealed global patterns of gene expression that would have been difficult to glean from individual studies. A next step is to compare these global patterns between organisms; comparison to S. cerevisiae global expression patterns is particularly useful because of the large datasets available. The Differential Clustering Algorithm (DCA) is a flexible algorithm that systematically analyzes differences, as well as similarities, in gene expression patterns. It was used to identify important aspects of the transcriptional networks that have been rewired through the evolution of S. cerevisiae and C. albicans. Specific examples of changes in the patterns of expression of cell cycle genes and amino acid biosynthesis genes are detailed. Analysis of the evolution of a promoter sequence motif associated with rapid growth metabolism is also considered.


Estimating of soil hydraulic conductivity was so important and essential parameter for designing systems. Hydraulic conductivity measurements need many activities beginning from extract samples. Therefore it is having been found costly and time-consuming. At the present time, geo-statistical ways were used to estimate the hydraulic conductivity on the basis of restricted data. The aim of this research is to characterize hydraulic conductivity for the upper zone of Iraqi aquifers using groundwater modelling system (GMS) software and to build two dimensions geo-statistical analysis model depending on the application of 868 wells.These wells were divided into 778 wells for building the model and 90 wells for the verification. The hydraulic conductivity parameter which was obtained from the geo-statistical analysis model results indicated that the best fitted theoretical model was the inverse distance weighted (IDW) model with a coefficient of determination (R2 ) equal to 87.43% and root mean square error (RMSE) equal to 1.853. Also, by conducting many trails, it was found that the optimal distance range for estimating the hydraulic conductivity was 3800 to 5000 meters. A comparison between the kriging and IDW interpolation methods indicated that both methods could estimate the hydraulic conductivity with good accuracy and less error.


Since Bartolomeu Dias first planted a monument in 1488 to mark the successful circumnavigation of Africa, the Kwaaihoek Dune, standing on a South African beach, has remained the focal point of converging itineraries and gazes. The Cross of Dias, a monument that was initially lost and then reconstructed, has served many purposes: at first the bitter destiny of navigators and in the end the incarnation of the memory of the country's whites. But what an archaeology of textual as well as material sources reveals is its role as a signpost testifying to a line dividing the landscape and settlement, commemorating what history ultimately turned it into: a border.


Public economics-oriented universities in the Czech Republic are currently facing a shortage of students and fierce competition. This paper deals with approaches to creating competitive advantages in this respect. The aim of the presented research is to verify the importance of each category of resources to build competitive advantage at public universities. Specifically, the paper discusses three basic approaches: external approach, resource-based approach, and innovation-based approach. The paper presents results of a survey that focused on evaluating the importance of individual resource groups. The realized research confirmed the generally accepted fact that human resources and other intangible resources are the most important resources for competitive advantage creation. In particular, the quality of teachers, their level of expertise as well as their access to students appears to be a crucial factor. Further, it contains a statistical evaluation of differences between views of students on the importance of individual resources in relation to their satisfaction. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4p13


Are status concerns associated with debts? Social comparison theory suggests that three status-based motives may underlie consumption: status enhancement, maintenance, and restoration. We tested whether each motive contributed to adolescents' consumer debt. Status restoration appeared the best predictor of adolescents' debt. Furthermore, the association between status restoration and debt was only significant for people with no other means to regain status. This suggests that accumulation of consumption debt is in fact the result of a strategy that is aimed at status restoration. This confirms ideas about the social nature of consumption and extends insights into the psychological nature of debt behavior.


1. Although there is a notion of relevancy when summarizing answers for a particular question, do you think that the authors are justified in not including a notion of correctness? 2. From the paper, it appears that the authors use n-grams from the answers directly during document expansion. Given that these are community answers, what effect will misspellings or bad grammar have on the results obtained? 3. If the quality of the community answers are poor, is there a chance that the features from the auxiliary dataset (Wikipedia) will dominate the generated summary? 4. For experimentation and evaluation, the authors use a hand-curated dataset with just non-factoid questions. Their methodology is tailored to be suitable for non-factoid questions. How well do you think the method will work for factoid questions? By Shreyas Udupa


e11547 Background: Metronomic chemotherapy regimens have shown efficacy in patients with metastatic breast cancer through antiangiogenic mechanisms. We present preliminary data of a phase II trial ...


Despite decades of interdisciplinary research on trust, the literature remains fragmented and balkanized with little consensus regarding its origins. This review documents how this came to be and attempts to offer a solution. Specifically, it evaluates issues of conceptualization found in the trust literature. I recommend that we move away from varieties of trust — multidimensional conceptualizations of trust — and toward a single trust concept built around four basic elements: actor A's beliefs, actor B's trustworthiness, the matter(s) at hand, and unknown outcomes. I finish the article by proposing a synthetic structural-cognitive theoretical framework for investigating the causes and consequences of trust in everyday life.


Circulating written drafts and conducting roundtable reviews are two important document-development activities in many work sites. Previous studies suggest that review processes are frustrating for participants and have substantial inefficiencies caused by conflicting participant purposes. This article presents two case studies of the document-review practices for clinical study reports from a large pharmaceutical company, paying particular attention to whether review efforts contributed to improvements in document quality. Findings suggest that document review did not lead to demonstrable improvement in report quality. The authors offer recommendations for improving document-review practices.


Abstract A primitive equation model is used to study the finite-amplitude evolution of instabilities associated with the coastal upwelling front. Simulations of increasing complexity are examined that represent idealizations of summer conditions off the Oregon coast, including cases with steady and with time-variable wind in a domain with alongshore-uniform bathymetry and with time-variable wind in a domain with realistic Oregon coast bathymetry. The numerical results indicate that the fastest-growing mode in this system has approximately an 8–10-km alongshore wavelength but that, once the disturbances grow to finite amplitude, the predominant alongfront scale increases rapidly because of nonlinear effects. Separation of the total kinetic energy into contributions from the alongshore average flow and perturbation about that average shows that the initial growth of the perturbation kinetic energy is due to potential energy conversion, but transfer of energy from the kinetic energy of the alongshore average...


We excite the lowest-lying quadrupole mode of a Bose-Einstein condensate by modulating the atomic scattering length via a Feshbach resonance. Excitation occurs at various modulation frequencies, and resonances located at the natural quadrupole frequency of the condensate and at the first harmonic are observed. We also investigate the amplitude of the excited mode as a function of modulation depth. Numerical simulations based on a variational calculation agree with our experimental results and provide insight into the observed behavior.


Discrimination in umami taste of inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP) solution caused by thermal degradation was investigated by sensory evaluation. The difference threshold of umami taste of 0.005% IMP solution in the presence of 0.05% monosodium glutamate (MSG) was 0.002%. The difference threshold of a 0.005% IMP solution decreased by about one half when heated at 95°C for 15 h. Inosine, one of the main products of the thermal degradation of IMP, had a bitter taste. The detection threshold of inosine varied widely among panelists. Heating a 0.005% IMP solution at 95°C for 15 h formed inosine at about one tenth of its lowest detection threshold.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of aging temperature on the barrel-type solder joint lifetime of electronic devices and to include these effects in the modified prediction model.

Design/methodology/approach
Several accelerated shear stress tests under different stress amplitudes and aging temperatures were performed.

Findings
It was found that by aging temperature increasing, the lifetime decreases. Morrow energy model was also found as the best prediction model when the aging temperature is taken into consideration.

Originality value
It is confirmed.


Measurement error on the explanatory variables is troublesome in logistic regression, and a number of correction methods have been suggested. One of the more popular ones is the so-called regression calibration method. This method has been investigated mostly in situations with only one explanatory variable with error and with normally distributed variables and errors. In this paper, we present the results from a simulation study with a high number of explanatory variables and with varying distri-butions on both the variables and the errors. The results suggest that the method works well in situations with normally distributed or moderately skewed explanatory variables. Situations with highly skewed explanatory variables are problematic, while skewed distributions on the errors do not seem to add much extra trouble.


Background lines often exist in textual documents. It is important to detect and remove those lines so text can be easily segmented and recognized. A stochastic model is proposed in this paper which incorporates the high level contextual information to detect severely broken lines. We observed that 1) background lines are parallel, and 2) the vertical gaps between any two neighboring lines are roughly equal with small variance. The novelty of our algorithm is we use a HMM model to model the projection profile along the estimated skew angle, and estimate the optimal positions of all background lines simultaneously based on the Viterbi algorithm. Compared with our previous deterministic model based approach [15], the new method is much more robust and detects about 96.8% background lines correctly in our Arabic document database.


This article proposes a new fragile watermarking scheme named bit‐plane watermarking (BPW) which considers ways to improve coding efficiency whereas providing watermarking capability. Because of the use of the run‐length coding strategy for embedding watermark information, the BPW not only verifies the authenticity and integrity of video streams, but also can recompress the bit streams for improving the compression ratio. To verify the effectiveness of this new concept, we select the MPEG‐4 FGS as the platform for implementation. The watermark is embedded in the bit‐plane blocks of MPEG‐4 FGS enhancement layer bitstream, and the coefficient in each bit‐plane block is automatically selected so that the run‐length symbols can be reduced and the location of embedded bits is not required to memorize. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated in a series of experimental simulations. It is shown that the scheme successfully detects changes made to the content of MPEG‐4 FGS video streams and identifies the specific location at which these changes have been made. Furthermore, the results show that the scheme can further reduce the length of compressed bit stream. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 18, 257–264, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).


Window sweep chronopotentiometry, a new galvanostatic method, has been worked out, the electronic circuit of a window sweep chronopotentiograph and digital simulation of the window sweep chronopotentiogram being presented. Analytical application demonstrating the increase in sensitivity of the galvanostatic method for quantitative analysis is presented.


6540Background: Delays in the diagnosis of breast cancer in developing countries are related to a lack of knowledge on BH, particularly in rural communities with poor access to education. We hypoth...


In this study, we have introduced a two-parameter univariate continuous distribution called Logistic inverse exponential distribution. Some mathematical and statistical properties of the distribution such as the shapes of the probability density, cumulative distribution and hazard rate functions, survival function, quantile function, the skewness, and kurtosis measures are derived and established. To estimate the model parameters, we have employed three well-known estimation methods namely maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), least-square estimation (LSE), and Cramer-Von-Mises estimation (CVME) methods. A real data set is considered to explore the applicability and capability of the proposed distribution also AIC, BIC, CAIC and HQIC are calculated to assess the validity of the Logistic inverse exponential distribution.


We study the effect of In and N content in GaInNAs material system for application of 1.3 µm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL). The emission wavelength are successfully observed at 1.303 µm wavelength. VCSEL sample with Ga<inf>0.58</inf>In<inf>0.42</inf>As QW give the highest output power (0.5694 mW) with threshold current 11mA.


Microarray technology is an effective technology to analyze experimental differences in populations of biomolecules in a high-throughput format. In most cases, microarray scanners use lasers to illuminate one pixel at a time until all the spots on an array chip have been scanned and recorded as a high-resolution image file. The scanned images are analyzed in a data extraction process that measures the relative fluorescence of two fluorophore labels of test and control samples, represented in each spot on the slide. Numerical indicators of the relative binding of test and control substances in each spot are extracted. This involves quantitative processing to calculate various ratios of the fluorescence intensity at two different wavelengths, which often generates a tremendous amount of statistical data that requires further interpretation.


This article describes the world's first all-electronic toll collection system, which is due to open in January 1997 on Highway 407 in Toronto, Canada. The new toll road will cover 69km between Highways 403 and 48, and ease traffic congestion in Toronto's metropolitan area. It will offer drivers convenience and efficiency, as well as connections to the many towns in the greater Toronto area. It will have 128 interchanges and 120 bridges, and initially have capacity for about 55,000 vehicles per day. Its electronic toll collection (ETC) system will use the Slotted Aloha TDMA telecommunications protocol, which gives transponders a communications frame of 0.01s, repeating 100 times per second. This provides 99.995% accuracy in the high speeds, close spacing, and multilane conditions that the toll road will have. The toll road's above-ground active sensor system will provide a very reliable vehicle detection system, by using the optical equivalent of radar sensors. The roadside system will have the following elements: (1) a vehicle detector and classifier; (2) licence plate cameras; (3) an integrated roadside unit; and (4) antennas. The toll transaction processor (TTP) will gather data from all the integrated roadside units, analyse this data, and send it to the revenue management system (RMS). For the covering abstract see IRRD 877920.


The invention discloses an optical fiber network multichannel transmission system in the technical field of optical fiber communication transmission. The optical fiber network multichannel transmission system comprises an optical fiber channel data processing module, an optical fiber spectroscopy device, a multichannel optical transceiver, a multichannel receiving amplifier, a multichannel A/D conversion device and at least one optical fiber adjustable filter, wherein the optical fiber spectroscopy device is connected with the optical fiber adjustable filter, the optical fiber adjustable filter is connected with the multichannel optical transceiver, the multichannel optical transceiver is connected with the multichannel receiving amplifier, the multichannel receiving amplifier is connected with the multichannel A/D conversion device, and the multichannel A/D conversion device is connected with the optical fiber channel data processing module. By means of the optical fiber network multichannel transmission system, multiple channels, high quality and high accuracy with the dozens-of-kilometer grade or the hundreds-of-kilometer grade can be achieved, and real-time data acquisition optical signal transmission is achieved.


Aiming at stabilizing the DC bus voltage and optimizing the working process of the batteries, this paper presents a control strategy of hybrid energy storage systems in DC microgrid based on voltage droop method. The control strategy makes use of the ultracapacitor compensating the high-frequency components of bus power according to the DC bus voltage, indirectly compensates low-frequency components of bus power through the energy supplement of the batteries on the ultracapacitor, and takes advantage of the unable mutation characteristics of ultracapacitor voltage to achieve the smooth control of battery current. The control system can automatically switch work mode according to the conditions of DC bus voltage, ultracapacitor voltage and the state of charge(SOC) of battery. The experiments show that the control strategy can automatically adjust the output of batteries and ultracapacitor, maintain light fluctuation of DC bus voltage around rating, effectively reduce the frequency of battery charging and discharging and extend its using life.


The climate in Dabie-Tongbai Mountains is transitional from subtropical zone to temperate zone.It is typical of both subtropical dimate and transitional.There are active secondary melabolite plants that can prevent insects in this area.we calculated 72 families 138 species of killing-insect plants after wide-ranging survey,collecting,identifying.


Conophis lineatus is a widely distributed species, from Mexico to Costa Rica, recognized for its wide diet breadth. Here we present two feeding events under natural conditions, as well as a review of literature on the species in the diet of C. lineatus.


Inertia of seat/man system are very important to the six freedom performance calculation of ejection life-saving technology. In the past the calculation was not accurate enough due to unduly simplification of seat/man geometry. In this system, man percentiles include 5%, 50%and 95% corresponding to seat upper, middle and lower position, here 3D model is used to calculate system's mass, centroid and inertia according to its real structure and size. The calculated result conforms to the ground ejection test well. Inertia of seat/man system can be calculated accurately by this method.


Hexagrammos agrammus is a small carnivorous hex agrammid fish inhabiting rocky reefs and algal areas of shallow coastal waters from Hokkaido to Kyushu in Japan.1) Females are multiple spawners and spawn egg masses measuring 2-3 cm in diameter and 3-4 cm long and consisting of several hundred greenish-blue eggs.2) A single guardian male protects the egg masses laid on a clump of red algae within his territory until the larvae hatch out.3) Kurita et al.2) showed that, at Aburatsubo (35•‹10•ŒN, 139•‹ 30•ŒE) in central Japan, only the larger 0+ females (? 105 mm standard length, SL) spawn in the current spawning season whilst the smaller individuals (< 105 mm SL) do not mature until the following reproductive season. Though they suggest the probability that the larger 0+ females spawn only during the latter part of the spawning season of the older females, the spawning season of 0 + fe males remains open to question because of their small sam ple size. The purpose of this study was to determine the spawning season of the larger (>_ 105 mm SL) 0+ females. A total of 44 females ranging from 89 to 135 mm SL were collected using dip nets by SCUBA diving during De cember 1994 to January 1995 at Aburatsubo. Sampling was carried out between 12:00 and 16:00. Examination of otoliths by the method of Kurita et al.4) confirmed that they were all 0 + age group. For histological observations, fish were dissected in the laboratory within 1 to 7 hours af ter collection. After SL (•}0.5 mm) and body weight