This study aims to determine "How is the marketing strategy for Small Medium Enterprises in the tourism sector, in Atauro tourism object, Dili, Timor-Leste based on SWOT analysis" with indicators of this marketing strategy using the marketing mix or 7P, including: Product (The Services) /, Price, Place / Business Location, Promotion / Promotion Strategy, People / Human Resources (HR), Process / Process or Business Activities, Physical Evidence / Company Physical Evidence. The population in the research or key informants are business actors in the field of tourism, tourists and local officials, with a total of 34 informants with saturated sample determination to take all small and medium-scale business activities in the tourism sector from 4 predetermined villages and the accidental sampling method for tourists. or visitors and probability sampling methods for local officials. The type of data used in this research is qualitative data and data sources will be obtained through interviews, focus group discussions, and direct observation at the place of the research object, with the analysis tool used in this research is SWOT analysis. The results of the analysis, through the evaluation of internal and external matrices, show that the average value is 1.00, the total score for external evaluation is 2.52, the Matrix and EFE results, can be found through the total IFE score with a value of 2.77 as well as the total EFE score of 2.52. Based on the internal and external matrix, the results show that the achievements of the Small and Medium Enterprises group in the tourism sector of Atauro Island, Dili, Timor-Leste are in the quadrant position of column V which means "stability" with a stable position. Strategies that are suitable for this position are market penetration and product development.


The general applicability and the recyclability of the novel heterogeneous catalyst are demonstrated by batch reactions between carbonyl compounds and nitroolefins.


The article proposes a historical approach to literary categories, magical realism and Marvelous Real. Their potentialities are analyzed as interpretive models for the cultural history of Latin America. It is intended to demonstrate that its most recognized representatives, Miguel Ángel Asturias and Alejo Carpentier, structured these contributions from a historicist perspective as trans-disciplinary models for the cultural compression of Latin America.


The motion of spiral waves in excitable media driven by a weak pacing around the spiral tip is investigated numerically as well as theoretically. We presented a Bifurcations diagram containing four types of the spiral motion induced by different frequencies of pacing: rigidly rotating, inward-petal meandering, resonant drift, and outward-petal meandering spiral. Simulation shows that the spiral resonantly drifts when the frequency of pacing is close to that of the spiral rotation. We also find that the speed and direction of the drift can be efficiently controlled by means of the strength and phase of the local pacing, which is consistent with analytical results based on the framework of the weak deformation approximation.


Tables are given of daily, weekly, monthly and yearly mean values of direct, diffuse, global and net radiation intensities for the CIBS Example Weather Year (1 October 1964 to 30 September 1965). The mean values of these four classes of radiation intensity for each hour of the day are also tabulated, together with the minimum, mean and maximum values for each month. The observations were made at Kew, (latitude 51.3°N) by the Meteorological Office.


In this paper the authors discuss a path planning problem of a mobile robot-trailer system. The trailer equipped with sensing equipments is used to perform a surveillance mission among several interested waypoints. An algorithm is designed to find the shortest path for the problem and the performance is evaluated in numerical study. The proposed algorithm can perform very well in both low waypoint density and high waypoint density situations.


The humanities and social sciences are said to be in a perpetual state of crisis, turning out graduates who lack the relevant work skills to contribute properly to "real" society. For instance: Why do we need a social scientist who knows about children's media usage, rights, lives, welfare, risks and needs, when those who can really help children are in specialized professions, such as teachers, nurses, social workers and children's rights lawyers? I could give you ideal theoretical, ethical and historical arguments that justify our role. But here, I will not. Rather, I will focus on our students' transition to "the real."


In this paper, a conceptual algorithm for reconstructing a two-dimensional (2-D) complex-valued finite sequence from an adequate set of samples of the magnitude of its Fourier transform is presented. In particular, one obtains, at least theoretically, all solutions of the 2-D magnitude-only reconstruction problem, provided that the modulus of the DFT is available in a sufficiently large set of points. However, the practicability of this algorithm is limited to sequences with relatively small regions of support. The key for developing the method is shown to be an appropriate mapping of 2-D finite sequences into 1-D ones, such that 2-D discrete correlation can be formulated in terms of ordinary 1-D discrete correlation.


The invention relates to a method for voice messaging and automatic prompting of a digital photo frame, which comprises the following steps: the digital photo frame stores messages; the digital photo frame detects whether people exist in surroundings or not after the preset time; and if the digital photo frame detects people in surroundings, the digital photo frame sends information to prompt people to check the messages. The invention provides the digital photo frame with a voice messaging function and an automatic prompting function for users, which additionally provides a novel function suitable for domestic messaging on the basis of the prior digital photo frame.


Digital implementation of impulse radio receivers is highly complex,and requires analog to digital convertors to operate at an extremely high speed.A better method for frequency domain linear equalization was proposed,which was based on single-bit quantization.Because of linear processing,and frequency domain equalizing the receiver effectively reduces the complexity and inter-symbol interference.The closed-form expression of the performance that employed the frequency domain linear equalizer was also given.Simulation and performance analysis show that the proposed method maintains a good performance with an easy implementation in dense multipath environments.


To phenotypically, physiologically and molecularly characterize the causal agent of olive anthracnose in the northern Tunisia and to study its genetic variability and pathogenicity.


The paper discusses the expression of the auxilliary in the Swahili variety spoken in the Shaba Province of Zaire (i.e. Lubumbashi Swahili). Initially it describes the morphonological structure of the TAM-system as well as of the negation, goes over to examples f rom complex syntactic structures and approaches finally the issue of how the data fit the creolization model elaborated by various linguists.


In a previous paper [1] we showed that the energy impulse four vector of the propagation of electromagnetic fields into a waveguide and in free space can be described by a Dirac spinor ψ . This suggest an analogy with for example TE-electron, TM-positron and possibly TEM-neutrino. Aim of this work is an interpretation of the action, if any, of the electroweak gauge group SU(2) ⊗ U(1) on the before mentioned e.m. fields (TE, TM, TEM modes). This is based on the following observation: the energy impulse four vector is invariant under a global transformation of SU(2) ⊗ U(1), so ψ can be "gauged" in order to verify the effect not only of the electromagnetic force but also of the weak forces. In other words, what are "weak forces", if any, on TE, TM and TEM? Obviously this requires "a modification of the Dirac equation to accomodate the larger gauge group" (Hestenes, [2]). This is in fact done here, and it is shown that the analogous of the "weak forces" can be roughly interpreted in the following way: the W boson acts as a horn antenna (receiving or transmitting), performing the transformation TEM ↔ TE, TM, giving or subtracting mass to the field; the Z0 boson is as a radar target acting on the TEM (neutrinos) with a doppler frequency. Those objects have a mathematical counterpart in gauge fields. No Higgs boson is needed in the theory.


This chapter describes the diagnosis, non-surgical treatment, and surgical treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and others.


(Disclaimer: The first paragraph of this review is similar to the first paragraph of a joint review I did for several Math for the layperson books.) This book is in the category Mathematics for the layperson. Hence the question to ask is not Will I learn something I don't already know. I suspect that 9/10 of my readers already know at least 103/104 of the material in this books. The question is Would this book be a good gift for my mathematically-inclined great niece?. This boils down to are they well written? and is the choice of topics appropriate?. Even if you know the material there may still be some pleasure in reading it to see how it would be presented to someone who does not. And there is indeed (at least for me) some new material of interest in all of them.


National policymakers in private industry and in government are slowly accepting that formularies are a necessity if every health plan member is to receive an affordable and sustainable pharmacy benefit. Drug costs rising at 20%-60% annually have changed their views. Formularies are only superfluous if you have an unlimited budget and little concern with overall cost. With current limited financial resources to pay for a potentially unlimited demand for service, we must rely on tools that assure proper utilization and�


ABSTRACT In cloud computing system, task scheduling plays an important key role. The tasks provided by the user to allocate in cloud have to pay for the share of resources that are used by them. The requirement of task scheduling in the cloud environment has become more and more complex, and the amount of resources and tasks is growing rapidly. Therefore, an efficient task-scheduling algorithm is necessary for allocating the task efficiently in the cloud, which can achieve minimum resource utilization, minimum processing time, high efficiency, and maximum profit. In hybrid clouds to maximize the profit of a private cloud while guaranteeing the service delay bound of delay-tolerant tasks is studied in this article. Here, a new metaheuristic technique inspired from the bubble-net hunting technique of humpback whales, namely whale optimization algorithm (WOA), has been applied to solve the task-scheduling problem. Then WOA algorithm is compared with existing algorithms such as artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) and Genetic algorithm (GA). The experimental result shows that the proposed WOA algorithm greatly increases the efficiency and achieves maximum profit for the private cloud.


For half a century now, what happens in the People's Republic of China (PRC) has been attracting special attention from people all over the world. This was especially true during the period 1978–99, the last two decades of the twentieth century, when a policy of reform and openness, under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, set in motion what we call the Two Great Transformations: redirection of the economy and restructuring of society. These transformations paved the way for China's economy to enjoy a twenty-year period (1981–2000) of sustained dramatic growth, with an average annual growth rate of over 9.7 percent, an achievement in economic development that drew worldwide acclaim for China. Be this as it may, economic growth will not lead to social development as a simple matter of course. The World Summit on Social Development, held in Copenhagen in 1995, passed a "Declaration and Programme for Action," which called for "the eradication of poverty and the realization of full employment and social integration." The summit's statement stressed that an exclusive reliance on the workings of the market cannot eradicate poverty, nor can it attain the fairness and equality that are the cornerstones of development. It pointed out that only when people take an active role—whether individually or in groups—can change and development occur. This being the case, the conference statement stressed that the adoption of effective measures is vital to fulfilling the material and spiritual needs of individuals, families, and social groups. Its first commitment, then, was to create an economic, political, social, cultural, and legal environment such that people are able to carry out social development. In this connection the World Bank's World Development Report 1996, entitled From Plan to Market, clearly sets forth the following viewpoint: "We evaluate a country's success in transforming its economy from a planned market system not only in terms of statistics reflecting national wealth, investment and productivity, but also in terms of the quality of life of the people who live in that country." The indices of human development drawn up by the United Nations Develop-


The research aimed to analyze the didactic value (VD) of the images related to the concept of cell in biology books of High School and Higher Education, supported by Cognitivist Theory of Multimedia Learning (TCAM). With the technological advent there was a better development of the layout of production techniques and layout of the images in books, in order to help the study of abstract concepts and often complex, such as the cell. However sometimes it not happens. From the application of TCAM principles, we noted that the images related to cell concept presented VD elements with deviations on the principles of Consistency, Signaling and Spatial Contiguity, with great emphasis to the last one. It is necessary to establish eligibility criteria and inclusion of images in books, because the images represent potential resource to reduce abstraction and to facilitate conceptual learning.


The present invention discloses a related art of video data distributed Twitter gripping system, the gripping system comprises a video subsystem site, Twitter subsystem and the user name matches the micro-blog data capturing subsystem, the present invention uses the entire distribution grabber nodal system management and monitoring, page parsing, library building analytical method to solve the problems caused by structural changes in the video site pages lead to a complete rewrite parser. In the update control, the use of video analytic model to control heat frequency video page, PageRank is based Weibo user influence model to control micro-blog user data to crawl frequency. Twitter crawler incorporated during the LDA model building topic model medium users, so that micro-blog user to filter particular field. The present invention greatly improves the efficiency and stability of massive video art gripping Twitter data.


We propose a rigorous framework for Lewis's Principal Principle, one in which various claims about admissibility, debugging and so forth can be stated mathematically precisely. We look at Lewis's examples of admissible evidence and show that they are just various instances of historical evidence. We also argue that there is no big bad bug, debugged theories are unnecessary. Finally, we generalize the Principal Principle to arbitrary distributions, continuous as well.


Aims: To promote stress reduction in medical students through social skills training and to identify the relationship between stress and interpersonal repert...


This paper focuses on text processing and accessibility of an agglutinative Turkic language — Uyghur. It describes the basic concept of Uyghur Unicode font developing, character displaying and character inputting methods in a non-Uyghur supporting environment. This article also highlights the problems caused by the absence of two Uyghur characters in the Unicode Standard, and more importantly, the article describes the proposed solutions to overcome such incompleteness. Keywords: Arabic-Script Uyghur, Turkic language, font, Input Method.


A balanced fertilization of NPK nutrients leads to increase soil fertility, anti soil nutrients depletion and also decrease nutrients losses to ground water and hence decrease its pollution. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for two growing seasons on wheat in North Delta, Egypt. Different levels of nitrogen (0, 96, 192 and 288 kg N ha-1), phosphorus (0 and 53 kg P2O5 ha-1) and potassium (0 and 120 kg K2O ha-1) as well as 4 doses of N fertilizer were used. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of previous different levels of N, P and K fertilization and N fertilizer splitting on wheat yield and its components as well as uptake of N, P and K by wheat grain under different treatments. The results revealed that yield and its components were significantly affected by graded applied and splitting of N levels. The protein content in wheat grains was increased with increasing N levels up to 288 kg N ha-1 in presence of 53 kg P2O5 ha-1 as well as 120 kg K2O ha-1. The previous treatment recorded the highest values for protein content in wheat grains and total chlorophyll content.


The paper reveals the relevance of scientific knowledge of theoretical and legal aspects of the interaction of lawmaking and political pluralism in modern conditions of Ukraine. It is noted that the interaction of lawmaking and political pluralism is mainly an instrumental category, which is a feature of lawmaking and political pluralism, as well as the limits of influence on each other, according to which it is possible to measure the functioning of these legal phenomena, to establish their dynamics or functioning. determine their social purpose, regulatory potential and the state of their implementation. The interaction of lawmaking and political pluralism determines the possibility of their measurement, establishing the conformity of lawmaking to the objective conditions of political development of society and vice versa – the level of compliance of political pluralism with the requirements set by law.

It is proved that the interaction of lawmaking and political pluralism is not chaotic and situational, but based on appropriate forms of interaction. Based on the analysis of scholars' views on the understanding of the interaction of lawmaking and political pluralism, the existence of forms of such interaction is substantiated, as well as their features are identified, which is explained by the following:

first, lawmaking and political pluralism are phenomena of the legal plan, respectively endowed with legal essence, determined by social development, develop synchronously and are able to function effectively only by interacting with each other. Such interaction takes place within the legal field, is manifested in the activities of lawmakers and the political system, allows to consolidate their efforts within socially useful activities and achieve socially useful results (formation of a perfect legal framework and building an effective, stable, organized political system);

secondly, the interaction of lawmaking and political pluralism is manifested in their respective manifestations,

which finds its expression in specific forms that reflect the peculiarities of their synchronous functioning, interaction and consequences that arise as a result of such interaction. Forms of interaction between lawmaking and political pluralism are multiple, as evidenced, on the one hand, by their multifaceted nature as phenomena of political and legal reality, and on the other hand – the multidimensionality of their impact on political and legal reality. The combination of forms of interaction between lawmaking and political pluralism allows to maximize their functional potential and ensure the organization of their impact on society and the achievement of socially useful results;

thirdly, the interaction of law-making and political pluralism allows to further identify areas for improving law-making and increasing the level of political pluralism, eliminate existing shortcomings of cooperation and take measures to strengthen it.

Keywords: law-formation, law-making, legal formalization, legislative activity, political pluralism


As the development and utilization of underground space, underground engineering projects adjacent to the subway tunnel increase daily, and the effects of underground engineering construction on the tunnel become noticeable. Based on the foundation pit project neighboring Hangzhou metro line 1, in situ measurement results are used to analyze the horizontal and vertical displacement, alone with horizontal convergence, before and during the excavation. It's found that the disturbance during the construction of the enclosure structure has a significant effect on the tunnel deformation.


The present scenario that demands a high data rate by the consumers in wireless communication has imposed a challenge in the present market. Therefore, millimeter wave technology is attracting the interest of researchers and industries. This paper proposes a rectangular planar microstrip antenna with slots in radiating elements as well as in the ground plane. The proposed structure has been designed, simulated, and fabricated at a center frequency of 28GHz using 5880 RT Duroid as a substrate, which has a relative permittivity of 2.2, loss-tangent of 9×10−4, and thickness of 1.6mm. By performing the simulation using HFSS Ansys Software and also fabrication and testing, the proposed design attains a maximum gain of 8.735 dBi and a frequency bandwidth of around 2.817GHz. The impedance bandwidth response ranges from 26.755GHz to 29.572GHz (10.1%) below the −10 dB line of the S11 plot. The proposed antenna is compact with dimensions of 2.19 × 3.95mm2 and has wide bandwidth along with high gain, hence is a good candidate for mm-wave applications besides several innovative antenna-based gadgets. Measured S11 and VSWR results are consistent with the simulated ones.


Music articulates different kinds of selves; this is the central thrust behind Philip M. Gentry's recent book, What Will I Be: American Music and Cold War Identity. The study takes up a range of examples of popular and art musics from the 1950s, approaching its subject in a thoroughly interdisciplinary fashion. An ambitious and beautifully written book,What Will I Be follows the lead of recent cultural history that centres on the major geopolitical conflict of the century's second half; it brings together musics not often considered under the umbrella of the Cold War to suggest new links between genres that share a Cold War sensibility. Discussions of the Orioles, Doris Day, a number of musicals including South Pacific, The King and I, and Flower Drum Song, and John Cage's 4′33′′ are interleaved with thick descriptions of political change and new assertions of identities. In his introduction, Gentry asserts that the question of identity was especially important during the post-war period: 'The social dislocations and migrations of the two previous decades, through famine and war, had created a situation in which the question of who one's self ought to be in relation to others was at the forefront of the popular imagination' (4).WhatWill I Be situates anxieties over identity in the context of the 1950s and the decade's attendant political movements: McCarthyism, the African-American civil rights movement, the emergence of gay rights organizations, and stirrings of second-wave feminism. As the guiding question of his project, he asks: 'What is the relationship between these waves of new postwar political movements and themusical revolutions that seem to dovetail so neatly?' (5). He probes identity formation or self-making from psychological, sociological, and historical perspectives, suggesting that 'music became a space, and perhaps the most important one, for collective articulations of self' and that 'musical performances took center stage in the new project of identity' (5). Gentry eschews more sweeping claims about identity, resisting urges to posit identity as either a universal or a transhistorical idea. Instead, he insists on the significance of sharing specific historic moments within particular communities; at the same time, he acknowledges that identity is 'perhaps the most challenging and politically fraught concept of the late 20th century' (6). He adds that 'pervasive status anxiety characterized not just an elite group clinging on to power but also formerly marginalized groups now moving up in society' (9).


In this essay, the essential elements are extracted in order to identify a situation of moral harassment at work. Moreover, it is analysed from both the Legal and Forensic Medicine perspective and Labour Medicine perspective as a true psychological torture which affects the moral integrity of the person at work as a consequence of this working illness. This clinical-labour information is confirmed which must make doctors suspect the existence of moral harassment. To reach an accurate and Certain Diagnostic, a Differential Diagnostic is carried out with a group of pathologies that due to symptomatic similarities, could make an error in the diagnostic. This differential diagnostic relies on three types of criteria: employee and job characteristics; firm and workers involvement; and main signs of each pathology. As a personal suggestion, the extent of incapacity foreseen in the legal working rules are adapted in the patient's assessment in case of resulting consequences, applying them to each particular case of moral harassment at work.


The Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale (SUS-TAS) has been widely recognized as a promising instrument for evaluating tourism sustainability. Scholars have successfully validated this scale across contexts. This study carries forward the fruitful outcomes of previous SUS-TAS studies by exploring some possible facilitations of the SUS-TAS application efficiency and scope. Using data from 11 Midwestern U.S. counties, this study (1) found a maximally parsimonious 20-item SUS-TAS that facilitates data collection efficiency without compromising the psychometrical properties, (2) verified SUS-TAS's predictive validity as in predicting residents' intention to engage in tourism planning at different levels, and (3) suggested that SUS-TAS is best interpreted by seven separate dimensions rather than a global factor. The extended applications and possible further refinements for the scale are also discussed.


Frequent pattern mining is a heavily researched area in the field of data mining with wide range of applications. One of them is to use frequent pattern discovery methods in Web log data. Discovering hidden information from Web log data is called Web usage mining. The aim of discovering frequent patterns in Web log data is to obtain information about the navigational behavior of the users. This can be used for advertising purposes, for creating dynamic user profiles etc. In this paper three pattern mining approaches are investigated from the Web usage mining point of view. The different patterns in Web log mining are page sets, page sequences and page graphs. The expansion of the World Wide Web (Web for short) has resulted in a large amount of data that is now in general freely available for user access. The different types of data have to be managed and organized in such a way that they can be accessed by different users efficiently. Therefore, the application of data mining techniques on the Web is now the focus of an increasing number of researchers. Several data mining methods are used to discover the hidden information in the Web. However, Web mining does not only mean applying data mining techniques to the data stored in the Web. The algorithms have to be modified such that they better suit the demands of the Web. New approaches should be used which better fit the properties of Web data. Furthermore, not only data mining algorithms, but also artificial intelligence, information retrieval and natural language processing techniques can be used efficiently. Thus, Web mining has been developed into an autonomous research area.


Background: Tissue engineered heart valves are being designed as alternative valvular conduits to standard bioprostheses with the potential to meet the requirements of an ideal valvular prosthesis: non-thrombogenicity, non-immunogenicity, long-lasting, and capability of growth, repair, and remodelling upon implantation. Assessments of immunogenicity are required before in vivo testing in large animals may be undertaken. Rats are a cost-effective model that are widely used for such assessments. However, it is unclear whether the surgical rat models used for examining tissue immunogenicity are homogenous in their design. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for articles in which the immunogenicity of tissue engineered heart valves was examined using subcutaneous surgical rat models. Assessments were made of the animal, surgical, and donor scaffold characteristics used in such models. The heterogeneity of the various characteristics was then evaluated qualitatively. Results: In total, 54 articles were qualitatively assessed in this systematic review. The donor scaffold characteristics were homogenous. Whereas, the animal and surgical characteristics were heterogenous and infrequently reported. The collective data suggest that an agreed subcutaneous rat model might consist of implanting four, 1 cm2, tissue engineered heart valve samples in the dorsal aspect of 6-week-old, Sprague Dawley, rats. Conclusions: Rat subcutaneous implantation may be undertaken to assess the immunogenicity of tissue engineered heart valves before proceeding to in vivo studies in large animal models. There is significant heterogeneity in the characteristics of the subcutaneous rat models that have been used, to date. Most studies insufficiently report the techniques used. Funding Information: This work was supported by funding gratefully received from the Green Lane Research and Education Fund (Greenlane Research and Education Fund, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand), and the National Heart Foundation of New Zealand (National Heart Foundation of New Zealand, Ellerslie, Auckland, New Zealand). S.W. received a postgraduate scholarship from the National Heart Foundation of New Zealand, M.G. received and Green Lane Research and Education Fund Postgraduate Scholarship, and C.A. received a University of Auckland summer research scholarship. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this work.


The use of Fiber-Metal-Laminates (FML) for aircraft fuselages offers a wide range of opportunities regarding mechanical properties like weight and impact tolerance. One example for an FML is glass reinforced aluminum (GLARE) which is currently used in the A380 fuselage. The production process for existing components is highly manual and therefore the use of GLARE is limited due to high production costs. A promising approach to reduce costs is the development of a fully automated production process for GLARE components. Challenges of an automated production include the handling of large aluminum sheets and especially the layup of sheets on spherical surfaces. The Center for Lightweight Production Technology investigated the use of cooperating robots to build an example layup. A main focus was to determine if the setup provides a sufficient repeatability and accuracy. The layup showed that the maximum width of the sheets needs to be limited in order to avoid kinks and waviness. These occur in spherical curved areas of the mold. A possible solution to avoid the waviness as well as inner stresses is the use of preformed spherical aluminum sheets for the layup. The feasibility of a preformed layup is experimentally investigated and opportunities for the process are discussed.


We used a full-panel longitudinal design to investigate the hypotheses that changes in the components of the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDC-S) model predict changes in burnout over time, and vice versa. The study was conducted on a multi-occupational sample of apparently healthy employed men and women (N = 986), followed-up after 3 years. We found support for both direct and reverse causal relationship between the study variables. Changes over time in the JDC-S components and changes over time in burnout levels mutually influenced each other. No interactive effects among the JDC-S components in the prediction of burnout were found. These findings suggest a predominance of the direct casual relationship between work characteristics and burnout compared with the reverse relationship. The findings remained significant even after controlling for depressive symptoms, neuroticism and other potential confounding variables. An explanation for the dynamic association between work characteristics and burnout uncovered here is offered based on the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory. Based on the COR theory, we outline the theoretical implications of our findings and their relevance for efforts to combat burnout. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An all-distributed Raman system is demonstrated to support high order modulation formats with coherent digital processing. We report the transmission of 150 channels × 120 Gb/s over 1,504 km field fiber with 5 dB Q margin.


In the process of artificial culture, Ganoderma mushrooms will appear with several different shapes of fruiting bodies, even though they share the same species. The differences in shape can influence and create differences in bioactivity and active ingredients. This study looked at the biological activities of ethanol crude extracts from three shape kinds of fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lingzhi mushroom and herb tablets made from kidney-shaped fruiting body including antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibition and cytotoxic activity in some cell lines. Besides, the content of ganoderic acid A was also evaluated among the tested samples. The results showed that different shapes of G. lingzhi could possess differences in bioactivities. The shapes with elongated fruiting body stem including antler- and intermediate form, have better antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity than the common kidney shape. Furthermore, the antler and intermediate forms' cytotoxic activity against cell lines including fibroblast, NCI H469 and Hep G2, were higher than the kidney-shaped mushroom extracts. Similarly, the results of ganoderic acid A content from the extracts of antler- and intermediate form samples were also higher than that of the other form. Meanwhile, the herb tablets had the same pattern to the kidney-shaped extract in several activities. The ganoderic acid A content of the tablet sample was lower than that of three samples extracted from different mushroom shapes. Interestingly, the tablets showed the best-reducing power among the investigated samples.


Storage system comprises a three-dimensional memory array having non-volatile storage elements of the plurality of layers that are grouped into a plurality of blocks. Blocks are grouped into the bay. Storage system includes an array lines of a first type communicating with the storage element, and array lines of a second type communicating with the storage element, the sense amplifier. Each block has two sense amplifiers and being geographically associated, the entire block of a particular bay, sharing a group of sense amplifiers associated with the block of that particular bay. The system of three-dimensional one or more and plural sets of local data lines for routing metal layer located below the memory array, a global data line of one or more top-level metal layer positioned above the three-dimensional memory array including a plurality of sets. Each set of one or more blocks comprises a set of local data lines. Each bay includes a set of global data lines that connect to a group of sense amplifiers associated with the blocks of the respective bay. Each block contains a subset of the first selection circuit for selectively coupling a subset of the first type of array lines and local data lines each. Each block contains a subset of the second selection circuit for selectively coupling the global data lines associated with a subset of the local data lines each to a respective bay.


The food of the Pacific herring Clupea pallasii consists during the larval stage principally of ova of various kinds with circular diatoms. No food was found in fish less than 9 mm. in length. Postlarvae and fry take the greatest variety of food, Copepoda and Cirripedia larvae being the most important items. Apparently the most readily available of suitable foods is taken. Adults confine themselves to a crustacean diet (except herring ova occasionally), Copepoda and Euphausiacea comprising the bulk of the food, Calanus predominating in the spring and Euphausia during the remainder of the year. Purse seined herring rarely contained any food. Copepoda are on the whole the most important food of the Pacific herring.


Land is a scarce commodity, a fact evident in many of our densely populated cities. In highly urbanized centers of culture, efficient use of land is such a necessity that excavating deep below-grade and below the groundwater table to create multiple cellar levels is often considered in the development of many mid-to-high rise towers. In recent years, several buildings with deep subterranean space have been successfully developed even when located within challenging geologic conditions and adjacent to fragile and historic structures. The Marriott Marquis Convention Center in Washington, DC is an example of development using these excavation techniques. Such extensive excavations are made possible by the organization of an experienced design team who use knowledge, advanced analytical tools, and innovative building techniques to construct rigid and watertight excavation support systems and integrate them to act as permanent basement walls and load-carrying foundation elements.


Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) was firstly identified in epididymal epithelial cells and described as a protease inhibitor playing a role in spermatogenesis. Regarding numerous studies proving its diverse potential as a prognostic and predictive factor in ovarian cancer, it was incorporated into ROMA algorithm. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that serum level of HE4 is not exclusive to ovarian cancer. As a result, doctors using ROMA algorithm for stratifying patients with ovarian cancer must be aware of other conditions that may affect serum level of HE4. This review comprises different conditions connected with high level of HE4 that might impact ovarian cancer diagnosing process. Moreover, discovering increased HE4 level in various conditions should open discussion about its applicability in diseases other than ovarian cancer.


Abstract : U.S. ground force presence in Europe has declined significantly since the end of the Cold War. In the late 1980s over 200,000 Soldiers, organized with 2 Corps Headquarters, 4 Division Headquarters, and over 16 ground combat brigade equivalents, were stationed in Germany. In the early 1990s a massive reduction in ground forces led to a force of about 42,000 Soldiers structured around 5 ground combat brigades. In 2003, the Bush Administration announced a plan to draw down U.S. ground forces in Europe to about 28,000 Soldiers, centered around 2 Brigade combat teams. At the same time, the Army units remaining in Europe began to undergo a transformation into a more modular structure designed to increase their ability to deploy rapidly. These transformations should be completed by 2013. The current EUCOM Commander, General Bantz Craddock, however, asked the Secretary of Defense in the fall of 2007 to suspend the ongoing drawdown, based on continuing requirements to sustain training and other exercises with foreign militaries and as a hedge against current risks to U.S. security. This request was approved by Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates in November 2007. What is a sufficient U.S. military force structure for ground forces in Europe given the current VUCA environment? How does EUCOM's strategic vision and force requirements compare with potential future U.S. national strategies? How does the current financial crisis affect the situation? This paper will explore these issues and offer an assessment on the continued value of sustaining the current U.S. ground force presence in Europe. It will also suggest possible adjustments to U.S. national security documents.


An essential condition for information services targeted at drivers is that information must be provided safely even while they are driving. With conventional telematics services, users generally decide the information they want to obtain through a process of entering inputs several times via an onboard device, and the desired information is then downloaded from a system at an information center. With respect to the presentation of information, most onboard systems require that users actively view information displayed on their navigation monitor. In contrast to this conventional approach, an on-demand radio-type information service system has been developed and was implemented in March 2002 as a commercial service called "AutoDJ." This system incorporates a human-machine interface (HMI) that enables drivers to obtain information with just one input operation. Moreover, information is presented in a format that users can listen to passively similar to a radio or TV program. This on-demand radio-type information service system thus achieves an information presentation style whereby users obtain information by selecting a channel as if they were choosing a radio or TV channel and presents information in a program-like format. As a result, it enables drivers to obtain telematics services with an operational workload comparable to that of the car radio. This paper describes the technical issues involved in the development of the on-demand radio-type information service system and the technical approaches taken to resolve them.


This study aims to discover any change in the body composition, physical strength, and body image of obese and non-obese elementary school students in the fourth to sixth grades at D Elementary School in B Metropolitan City. Aiming at 15 obese students and 15 non-obese students, the study measured six items concerning their body composition, muscle endurance, quickness, flexibility, cardiopulmonary endurance, and body image through yoga training for 60 minutes per session, three times a week for 24 weeks. Then, as a result of conducting a paired sample t-test using the SPSS Ver. 18.0 program, the study gained the following conclusions. First, there appeared significant differences in the body fat percentage, muscle endurance, quickness, flexibility, and body image of obese students, whereas there were no differences in the body fat percentage and cardiopulmonary endurance. Second, regarding non-obese students, there were no significant changes in body fat percentage, fat mass, muscle endurance, quickness, cardiopulmonary endurance, and body image; but there was a significant difference in flexibility. In summarizing the above conclusions, as yoga training helps obese students in reducing body fat percentage and improving muscle endurance, quickness, and flexibility while making the body image better, obese students should carry out regular, consistent yoga training.


When I say "you" and "we" I mean both welfare officers and social workers. We should think of a term which covers both groups for we are all in the business of helping people with social problems.


Highly luminescent transition metal complexes have captivated chemists with potential apps. as sensors,
biol. imaging agents, and photoreductants. Our recent synth. of an amide-bridged Cu dimer, boasting a long
decay lifetime and high quantum yield (11 μs, 58%), has piqued our interest in these areas. Altering
supporting ligands--while maintaining the diamond core motif--has marked effects on photoluminescence: while
the PNP2Cu2 dimer emits intensely, phosphide-bridged PPP2Cu2 displays very weak luminescence. To help
elucidate emission mechs., we have prepd. a new PN ligand (PNP sans one supporting phosphine). The PN
ligand presented in this talk provides access to monomeric complexes of type [PN]CuL2, which display
photophys. properties. surprisingly similar to their dimeric cousins. These complexes present a unique
opportunity to tune electronics by subst. of L-type ligands at the metal, or by subst. at the arom. PN backbone.
The amidophosphine ligand also yields emissive d10 complexes of Ag, Zn.


Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, 2016, 4:1:127-135 Museology in Slovakia This paper examines the history of museology in Slovakia as a scientific discipline in general and a specialized university course of study in particular. We discuss the fundamental characteristics of the discipline, including the development of the current conception of museology as a university course and describe the fundamentals of the course as currently implemented in various institutes of tertiary education in Slovakia. In conclusion, we briefly survey the current state of the field in Slovakia, its potential and its possible future development.


After analyzing the limitations of the application of RBAC96 model, C_RBAC model was proposed which aimed to realize the authority management of Luoding special agriculture product information service platform(SAPISP).Through the establishment of permission constraints and weak correlation between rights and user, the C_RBAC model realizes refinement and dynamic authority management. Aiming at the characteristic of SAPISP system, this paper designed the database of authority management based on the C_RBAC model, and the design can meet the requirements of SAPISP authority management.


Cameras are popular sensors for robot navigation tasks such as localization as they are inexpensive, lightweight, and provide rich data. However, fast movements of a mobile robot typically reduce the performance of vision-based localization systems due to motion blur. In this paper, we present a reinforcement learning approach to choose appropriate velocity profiles for vision-based navigation. The learned policy minimizes the time to reach the destination and implicitly takes the impact of motion blur on observations into account. To reduce the size of the resulting policies, which is desirable in the context of memory-constrained systems, we compress the learned policy via a clustering approach. Extensive simulated and real-world experiments demonstrate that our learned policy significantly outperforms any policy that uses a constant velocity. We furthermore show, that our policy is applicable to different environments. Additional experiments demonstrate that our compressed policies do not result in a performance loss compared to the originally learned policy.


Endocrine disrupter chemicals(EDCs),with the characterization of low concentration,high toxicity,difficulty in removal from water,are receiving more and more attentions all over the world.The current study investigated the distribution of estrogenicity during wastewater treatment processes in Harbin using solid phase extraction/recombinant yeast system and analyzed the removal pathways of estrogenicity according to the results.Results showed that most of estrogenicity was distributed to liquid phase,whereas only(7.7±5.5) % of total estrogenicity was in the solid phase;it was also found that the secondary bio-process played a crucial role in the removal of estrogenicity,where the removal of estrogenicity took place mainly by biodegradation(73.9 %),whereas only 1.2 % was made through residual sludge adsorption.Last but not least,by calculating the removal of estrogenicity,it confirmed that less than 15 % of estrogenicity was removed through volatilization and adsorption,but mainly by biodegradation.Anyway,the estrogenicity of wastewater treatment plant effluent is still high(3.37-6.76 ng·L-1),so that the enhanced biotreatment processes or advanced treatment processes are desired to decrease the risk of estrogenicity.


Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of Senecio scandens led to the isolation of four new compounds 4, 5, 7, and 8, along with four known jacaranone analogs (1, 2, 3, 6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. Compound 7 was obtained as a tautomeric mixture of α/β-epimer. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated. Among these, compounds 5 and 8 showed potent cytotoxicities. The benzoquinone derivative, jacaranone ethyl ester (1), was the major cytotoxic constituent in this plant with IC50s at a range of 0.5–1.0 μg/ml against various tumor cell lines. The SAR of these jacaranone analogs (1–8), isolated from S. scandens, was also discussed.


There are many parameters which could reflect the operating state of geotechnical centrifuge. However, only one parameter is detected generally ; this is insuficient and unsafe for the running of the geotechnical centrifuge. This paper put forward an auto-running sate monitoring method which based on the multi-parameters' weighted data fusion. The way by multi-sensor acquirring the running state data of the geotechnical centrifuge, then processing the data with weighted data fusion could produce the comprehensive running state parameter, which feed forward to the control system to keep the equipment running in a safe manner. The method in this paper could be implemented automatically and the result for safety monitroing is sufficient, the effect is much more efficient.


The study objective was to verify the accuracy of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Role Performance in pregnant women. This is an accuracy diagnosis study conducted with 58 women attended in Family Health Units (FHU). We used a tracking scale for Postpartum Depression to identify the defining characteristics of the referred diagnosis. We calculated sensitivity, specificity measures, and their respective confidence intervals. The Ineffective Role Performance was present in 50.0% of participants. The defining characteristics Inadequate adaptation to change, Insufficient self-management, and Alteration in role perception simultaneously presented, significant sensitivity and specificity, in statistical terms. Therefore, such clinical indexes were more accurate to verify the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Role Performance in pregnant women.


This work investigates the influence of fumigation fuel on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine using different fumigation ratios (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%) with diesel fuel. Test was carried out on a single cylinder diesel engine using ethanol as a fumigation fuel. In this work, computer control injection using LabVIEW software is attempted for ethanol fumigation and common rail is used to inject at same pressure always. Ethanol at different rates is used as fumigation fuels. The mathematical experiments were designed using a statistical tool known as design of experiments based on response surface methodology. The resultant models of the response surface methodology were helpful to predict the response parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxides and smoke. Optimization of the input and response parameters is also done using desirability approach. Finally a software tool is developed using LabVIEW software for predicting engine parameters when the engine input parameters are given.


In a robust regression model, it is typically assumed that the errors are normally distributed. However, what if the error distribution is deviated from the normality and the response variables are not completely observable due to censoring? For complete data, Kim and Lai(1998) suggested a new adaptive M-estimator with an asymptotically efficient score function. The adaptive M-estimator is based on using B-splines to estimate the score function and simple cross validation to determine the knots of the B-splines, which are a modified version of Kun( 1992). We herein extend this method to right-censored data and study how well the adaptive M-estimator performs for various error distributions and censoring rates. Some impressive simulation results are shown.


Infection has long been considered a contributor to the etiology and course of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and to mortality in patients with the disease. The development of an effective pneumococcal vaccine by Robert Austrian and others has focused new attention on the specific role of S. pneumoniae in patients with COPD. They have been thought to be at high risk from pneumococcal infection, but the precise importance of this microorganism in such patients has been more speculative than demonstrated. Some studies have suggested that patients with chronic bronchitis have more acute respiratory illnesses than other adults (1) and infection is more likely to "go to the chest" (2, 3). Increased incidence has been postulated to be related to the degree of functional impairment (3, 4), but one study (2) could detect no difference in susceptibility to acute respiratory illnesses in patients with moderate or severe COPD compared to normals. When S. pneumoniae is found in sputum, its pathogenicity is unclear. S. pneumoniae has been considered by some to be an important pathogen in respiratory illnesses in patients with COPD because of its prevalence in the sputum (5), correlation with pus (5-7) and exacerbations (8, 9), apparent clinical response to antimicrobial therapy (6, 10, 11), and pneumococcal antibody data (12, 13). Patients with prior lung disease have been reported to have more pneumonias (14), as have patients hospitalized within the past 5 years (15), but information about frequency and severity of pneumococcal pneumonia or bacteremia or both in patients with COPD is scant. Pneumococcal bacteremia is more lethal in people with underlying ill-


Thus the needs of the production forms social order for the system of professional training of junior specialists define the goal, objectives and content, make demands, and determine the choice of appropriate technology of education. Production as a customer, evaluates the quality, level and competitiveness of the personnel. In this article majors content integration is being considered as the factor of professional education development. Continuity, interdisciplinary communication and linkage of educational subjects the author presents as a low level of integration of the content of general education, general professional and special disciplines. Integrative school subject is considered by us as a research-study and didactic revised system of knowledge, abilities, skills, as well as the factor of optimization of educational process in general. Keywords: majors, prediction, integration, junior specialist, National Program for Personnel Training, State Educational Standards Priority directions of the state policy of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mr. Karimov I. for the spiritual and economic revival of the nation and its young generation are reflected in the National Program of Personnel Training, which defines a new strategy for the training of qualified personnel that requires the specification of the various problems of vocational education. It, as a rule, concerns adjustment of structure and content of training courses, creation of such pedagogical conditions in the study of which the students would gain the system knowledge, skills and abilities while it is understood that the rate of development of vocational education should be faster in relation to the pace of progress in objects and the means of labor, technology and organization of production, as the vocational education is the basis of training of junior specialists in social production for a very long period in the future. In this regard the important task in the training of junior specialists is a prediction of the content of education, as a result of which may be obtained advance information on the most immediate prospects for the development of various branches of knowledge, necessary for the optimal construction of educational standards, curricula and training programs and their rapid adjustment. Without predicting the content of education non-resistant changes cannot be taught. Taking this into account the highly possible the task of methodical work in the training of junior specialists is to integrate the majors, optimizing the educational process and developing the educational level of training as a whole. The need for improving the quality of vocational training of junior specialists is what the life is dictating, and it is the demands of society and the labor market. Today's labor market is characterized by steady growth of competition and high demands of employers for candidates to fill vacant jobs. During the period of structural and qualitative changes in the economy of the country, to a considerable extent the formation of professional competence as well as the abilities of the specialist to get adapted to the new types of professional activities. In the transition to a market economy, there is complication of the relationship between professional training institutions and enterprises. The system of "educational institution - production" in this kind of how it functioned before, came into conflict with the quality of training of junior specialists and new relations in the economy. In interaction with this system, one of the major problems is organization and conducting of production training. Young professionals entering into an independent life in a rapidly changing information environment need to be a competitive specialist. He should be creative, independent, responsible, to be able to solve non-


The synthesis of different voice qualities by means of a low-dimensional glottal model is discussed. The glottal model is based on a one-mass model provided with a number of enhancements that make it suitable to the aim of the study. The simulation of modal and non-modal phonatory regimes is discussed. Both symmetric and non- symmetric configurations are explored. The class of models under consideration is shown to be able to reproduce a broad range of phonation styles and to provide interesting control properties.


Objective To analyze the epidemiologic feature and common cause of fungal keratitis,so to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of fungal keratitis.Methods The patients' sex,seasonal characteristics,the results of cornea smears and fungal culture between January 2008 and December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 278 fungal keratitis cases were investigated in this study,which included 172(61.9%) male and 106(38.1%) female patients;The onset of the disease was mainly from September to November,which accounted for 52.5% of total patients;144 patients have determined etiology for ocular infection,among whom 65(23.4%) had injury history related to plant hindings and 51(18.3%) had injury history related to eyewinker removal;The positive rate was 90.3%(251/278) by microscopic analysis of KOH wet mounts;The number of positive culture was 197,in which the main fungal isolates were Fusarium species 131cases(66.5%) and Alternaria species 41cases(20.8%),Aspergillus 12 cases(6.1%),Saccharomycetes 4 cases(2.0%),Mucor 3 cases(1.5%),others 6 cases(3.0%).Conclusions The incidence of fungal keratitis shows seasonal characteristics,and is closely related to injury history related to plant hindings and injury history related to eyewinker removal,the Fusarium species is the predominant pathogen of fungal keratitis;Corneal ulcer tissue examination under microscope fluorescent is the most effective method for early diagnosis.


Valproic acid (VPA) is well‐known as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. It has been reported that HDAC inhibitors enhance basal and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand‐induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐responsive gene expression. Other studies suggested that HDAC inhibition might significantly activate the NF‐E2‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2). Moreover, VPA activates mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs). MAPK pathways regulate Nrf2 transactivation domain activity. Uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A6 is one of the important isoforms to affect drug pharmacokinetics. UGT1A6 gene is regulated transcriptionally by AhR and Nrf2. The present study aimed to investigate whether UGT1A6 expression was changed by VPA and to elucidate the mechanism of the alteration. Following VPA treatment for 72 h in Caco‐2 cells, UGT1A6 mRNA was increased by 7.9‐fold. Moreover, UGT1A6 mRNA was increased by other HDAC inhibitors, suggesting that HDAC inhibition caused the UGT1A6 mRNA induction. AhR and Nrf2 proteins in the nucleus of Caco‐2 cells were increased by 1.5‐ and 1.7‐fold, respectively, following the VPA treatment. However, VPA treatment did not activate the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathways in Caco‐2 cells. In conclusion, we observed that VPA induced UGT1A6 mRNA expression via AhR and Nrf2 pathways, but not via the ERK or JNK pathways.


A foam generating nozzle is provided for converting a liquid containing a gas maintained under pressure in solution in the liquid, to a foam for application to a substrate. Complete foaming of the solution is accomplished prior to discharge from the nozzle. This assures in some applications complete atomization before contact with the substance to be coated.


We have performed angle-integrated photoemission measurements at 20 K on well-oxygenated (/ital T//sub /ital c//=92 K) single crystals of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 6.9/ cleaved /ital n/ /ital situ/, and find a relatively large, resolution-limited Fermi edge which shows large amplitude variations with photon energy, indicative of band-structure final-state effects. Some dispersion is seen even in our angle-integrated measurements. Our best estimate of /ital N/(/ital E//sub /ital F//) per Cu atom is that it is about 20% that of Cu metal with about a 20-80 mix of Cu 3/ital d/ and O 2/ital p/ orbitals. Dispersive and final-state effects are seen throughout the valence bands. The line shapes of the spectra as a function of photon energy are very well reproduced by band-structure predictions, indicating a correct mix of 2/ital p/ and 3/ital d/ orbitals in the calculations, while the energy positions of the peak agree with calculated bands to within /approx/0.5 eV. We conclude that a Fermi-liquid approach to conductivity is appropriate.


The twentieth century has seen a massive information and technological revolution in electronics and computer science. Technology has been used across different sectors at a global level, which has contributed to the development of many industries. This includes the ready-made garments industry which has developed rapidly using modern methods and technologies. The most important stage that used technology and modern techniques is the modelling and implementation phase which is the basis of implementing the required design (Ibrahim, Mehran, 2016). Moreover, there are many computer systems that have been used as an assistive technology to the production of ready-made garments, whether in the pattern design stages - grading - layplan – cutting. Computers can be used to build and design any clothing pattern, saving it and modifying it when it is needed again (Ajlan, Al Shamrani, 2014). However, it has always been important to combine between modern technology and traditional design and patterns to reproduce the artistic heritage of different cultures and societies. In order to ensure its continuity and preservation, technology would ensure to pass on such designs and patterns, to future generations through the modern ways that they are able to deal with and understand. Problem Statement: 1) What is the possibility of designing commercial patterns product for some traditional garments in Makkah Region in Saudi Arabia? 2) What is the possibility of providing a high degree of adjustment to design commercial patterns? 3) How well has the sample been implemented using the designed commercial patterns? Objectives: To design commercial patterns of different sizes for some traditional garments in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia and to produce traditional clothes with perfect tailoring through designing commercial patterns. Methodology: The researcher has taken the measurements of the designs and patterns of some traditional garments in Makkah Region, and analyzed how they can fit a standard-size mannequin. Moreover, the researcher also used the measurement results of this study to design commercial patterns of these fashion designs. Then the researcher will evaluate the executed samples and designed patterns, by working with specialists to verify the research objectives and its hypothesis by using: Estimation scale (for executed samples): it is the sample of some traditional garments which was drawn using the AccuMark software from Gerber Technology. This is followed by using constructed patterns to implement samples to ensure that the samples are adjusted. Lastly, the samples are presented to a number of specialists to evaluate the items of the scale that dealt with the samples'. Estimation scale (for designed patterns):it is converting designed patterns into commercial by adding grading, symbols and necessary data. Also, it includes implementing drawn patterns appendices such as the illustrative map and the covering. Then these commercial patterns are presented to a number of academic referees to evaluate the standard clauses dealing with the parts of the designed patterns, their accessories, their quality and suitability for use.


We experimentally show that wavefront detection combined with tomography processing can be used for the complete characterization of the second-order coherence and hence 3D imaging of partially coherent vortex beams.


Abstract These years the world seaborne trade has been developing considerably, mainly due to the economic globalization and continued development of emerging countries. This world side growth has an influence on the development of ports and maritime terminals. It is always an important target to realize the port running in the maximum productivity with minimum cost, but it is really difficult to find a proper solution to schedule the seaport workflow with the best productivity in real time on considering the complexity of the system, although it just needs to adjust the assignment of the existing distributed resources, such as the cranes, the storages, the vehicles routing etc.. In this paper, by modeling the repetitive and periodic operation process with P-time Petri Net, we propose a method to adjust the initial setting of system's parameters to keep itself run with maximum productivity and minimum cost. Moreover the necessities for changing the parameters of the resources are studied.


Abstract Measurements of the magnetic moment (field range H = 0–140 kOe) of carbon composite material based on fullerenes C60 and exfoliated graphite (EG) were performed. The composite was obtained by high pressure high temperature technology at the pressure of 7 GPa and the temperature of 600 °C. Ferromagnetic contribution in the total magnetization, M, was observed over the whole temperature range of measurements (T = 3–300 K). In samples where С60 prevails over EG, curves for paramagnetic (PM) components, MPM(H), of the total magnetization can be well reproduced at T = 3 K by a Brillouin-type function using the angular momentum number J = 1 (which corresponds to the magnetic moment μPM = 2μB of a PM center). The concentration of PM centers, NPM, in samples predominantly consisting of fullerenes lies in the range NPM ≈ (2–6) × 1018 g−1.


Abstract. Foraging trip duration of breeding seabirds is affected by characteristics of available feeding habitat in the marine environment, which may, in turn, generate inter-colony difference in the patterns of nest attendance. Here, nest attendance patterns and foraging areas of Streaked Shearwaters (Calonectris leucomelas) during their incubation period were examined using global location sensors. The study was conducted at Sangan (SI) and Mikura Islands (MI) in the northwestern Pacific, and Awa Island (AI) in the Japan Sea during 2006–2009. The duration of incubation shifts showed significant inter-colony difference, but no sex-related difference. Shearwaters from SI had shorter mean incubation shifts (5.6 days on average; range 3.0-8.0 days) than those from MI (7.2 days; range 4.8–10.7 days) and AI (6.9 days; range 6.0–9.7 days). During the incubation period, SI and MI shearwaters foraged in the northwestern Pacific's Kuroshio-Oyashio transition area, while shearwaters from AI mostly foraged in the Japan Sea. The Northwestern Pacific represents a high-productivity zone, and SI shearwaters appeared to forage in these waters, where foraging efficiency is potentially high, leading to shorter incubation shifts. Also, although MI shearwaters foraged in the northwestern Pacific, the distance between their colony and foraging areas was greater (645 km on average; range 546–756 km), compared to SI (272 km; range 244–297 km) and AI birds (228 km; range 75–518 km). In this study, inter-colony differences in incubation shift length of Streaked Shearwaters appeared to be related to differences in foraging areas associated with the local marine environment.


This article examines protectionism from a number of perspectives. Part One provides some general background information describing present Japanese-American trade policy. Part Two does the same for Korean-American trade policy. Part Three offers some concluding observations.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the accuracy of results of heart functions determined by 64-slice multidetector row computed tomography (64-MDCT) in patients with single valvular insufficiency leision in left ventricle.

METHODS
58 patients with single valvular insufficiency leision in left ventricle were enrolled in this study. Their heart functions were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 64-MDCT and echocardiography (Echo) respectively. The assessed parameters included left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume (LVEDV, LVESV), stroke volume (LVSV), ejection fraction (LVEF), and effective ejection fraction (eLVEF). The correlations between eLVEF and some clinical indicators, such as cardiopulmonary bypass time (CPBT), ventilation time (VT), vasoactive drug used time (VDUT), and length of ICU stay (ICUST) were analyzed.

RESULTS
No significant differences were found in the parameters measured by 64-MDCT, Echo and MRI. A strong correlation between 64-MDCT and MRI (r: 0.79-0. 92) was found with all of the parameters. The eLVEF measured by 64-MDCT and MRI correlated with CPBT, VT, VDUT and ICUST well (r: 0.56-0. 84).

CONCLUSION
64-MDCT is a rapid, accurate and cheap choice for assessing heart functions of patients with single valvular insufficiency leision in left ventricle. eLVEF is a good predictor for the outcomes of operations.


The Englewood Project was an experiment which focused attention on children who as a consequence of appre hension by the police have been identified as vulnerable to a career of delinquency and whose antisocial behavior has not yet progressed to the point of requiring referral to court. Since the police are a vital case-finding source, the Project sought first of all to develop ways of improving police and social agency communication, an essential step in efforts to help these children. It offered casework service to families referred by the police, and it also searched for other community resources to help meet the needs of the children and their families. Among the objectives of the Project were: to learn more about the work and problems of the juvenile officers; to learn more about this group of children—their basic problems and needs, and their home and neighborhood life; to determine what contribution casework can make toward a total community ap proach to the prevention of delinquency; and to determine the adequacy and availability of existing social service facilities in relation to the problems of these children.


The invention discloses a blueberry juice beverage and a preparation method of the blueberry juice beverage. The blueberry juice beverage is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 to 80 parts of blueberries, 4 to 8 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 22 to 25 parts of skimmed milk powder, 18 to 26 parts of glucose, 17 to 20 parts of honey, 15 to 18 parts of jambu air, 8 to 12 parts of purple sweet potatos, 4 to 13 parts of conjugated linoleic acid, 8 to 12 parts of yellow tea, 7 to 10 parts of Arabic gum, 9 to 11 parts of vitis amurensis, 12 to 14 parts of lycium ruthenicum murray, 3 to 5 parts of hawthorn and 6 to 8 parts of purple corn. The blueberry juice beverage disclosed by the invention contains rich nutritional ingredients and anthocyanin and has the functions of preventing cranial nerves from aging, protecting the eyesight, strengthening the heart, resisting cancer, softening blood vessels, enhancing the body immunity of a human body, and the like.


This paper makes an attempt to measure sacrifice ratios for the farm and non-farm sector as disinflation policy is believed to have differential impact on these sectors. Using the non-parametric approach of Ball (1994), five disinflation episodes are identified for India over the period from 1950–51 to 2009–10. These disinflations are largely due to contractionary monetary policy pursued by the Reserve Bank of India. The estimates of the sacrifice ratio and the presence of persistence and hysteresis effects indicate that disinflationary monetary policy is more harmful to output growth in the non-farm sector. In contrast, the negative sacrifice ratio in the farm sector implies that there is output gain during disinflationary periods. This output gain in the farm sector seems to have been driven by those factors which are independent of contractionary monetary shocks. These evidences also suggest that use of aggregate time series data might produce errors in the measurement of sacrifice ratios.


Wearable devices such as fitness trackers and smart watches hold tremendous medical importance in the modern world. Previous research has demonstrated that machine learning has the potential to save lives in concordance with such medical technology. We set out to harness predictive measurements from Fitbit Charge 4 and Samsung Galaxy Watch Active devices and utilize them for sleep prediction. Using a crowd-sourced Zenodo database, we extract novel features from simple biometrics such as heart-rate and step count and use these data to train a custom Gradient Boosting Classifier model. This model demonstrates greater than 95% accuracy for sleep detection and over 92% accuracy at predicting whether a user will asleep within the next 30 minutes. Although our model was finely tuned for sleep prediction, we offer a robust framework for anticipating a range of other biological events. Thus, our solution provides the scaffolding for future predictive technologies that can result in significant human benefit. We hope for future research to focus on the prediction and prevention of harmful events, such as seizures and heart attacks, per the proof of concept demonstrated in this paper.


A selective smoothed finite element method (Selective S-FEM) is developed for dynamic 3D analysis of extremely large deformation of incompressible bio-tissues, using the simplest 4-node tetrahedron elements. In the present selective S-FEM, face-based Smoothed FEM (FS-FEM) and node-based Smoothed FEM (NS-FEM) are, respectively, used for the deviatoric and volumetric parts of the deformation of incompressible bio-tissues. Therefore the "overly-soft" feature of the NS-FEM is made use of for mitigating the volumetric locking that may occur in bio soft tissue. Because the FS-FEM can provide close-to-exact stiffness, our selective S-FEM can provide an accurate solution. In the current formulation, the soft tissue is modeled using the hyperelastic constitutive law. Numerical examples are presented to simulate a passive filling process of anatomical rabbit ventricles. It is demonstrated that the Selective S-FEM possess good potential for accurately simulating the behavior of bio-tissues for reliable solution..


To enable the resource sharing and collaborating among the heterogeneous and distributing manufacturing resources,a WSRF-based(WS-Resource Framework) Manufacturing Grid Resources Sharing Architected(MG-RSA) was proposed.With this architecture,manufacturing resources were encapsulated as WS-Resource according to the WSRF with the help of the resource description model constructed for them,which implements transparent utilizing and management of manufacturing resources.Moreover,with a QoS-based algorithm,the global searching and reasonable scheduling of resources were achieved,which makes MG users attained qualified manufacturing service.Finally,an application on rapid prototype manufacturing was taken as an example to illustrate the utility and feasibility of this architecture.


Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are the most common diseases among children. The typical and most disturbing symptoms of ARVI are nasal discharge, nasal congestion and difficulty in nasal breathing. Local protective factors of the respiratory mucosa (epithelial barrier, mucociliary clearance, antimicrobial peptides, immunoglobulin A, microbiota) prevent the penetration of respiratory infections. To prevent ARVI in children it is important to maintain the physiological state of the mucous membrane. ARVI treatment in children is based on care and supportive activities. By irrigating nasal cavity with saline one removes mucus, mechanical impurities, stimulates mucociliary clearance, reduces swelling of the mucous membrane and need for decongestants. The new nasal spray Aqualor Protect contains 45% of sea water with a slightly hypertonic concentration of salts (1.5%) and Ascophillum nodosum brown algae extract. The main polysaccharides of brown algae - fucoidan and ascofillan - have a wide range of biological actions, including anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. The extract of brown algae added to saline helps to increase the effectiveness of irrigation therapy in the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections in children.


With the huge spike in the COVID-19 cases across the globe and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test remains a key component for rapid and accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In recent months there has been an acute shortage of medical supplies in developing countries, especially a lack of RT-PCR testing resulting in delayed patient care and high infection rates. We present a gradient-boosting machine model that predicts the diagnostics result of SARS-CoV- 2 in an RT-PCR test by utilizing eight binary features. We used the publicly available nationwide dataset released by the Israeli Ministry of Health.


The boron detection in p-type metal oxide silicon (MOS) device had long been pursued with electron microscopy based analytical tools, but was not successful because of weak signal and interference from the matrix. With spherical aberration corrected electron microscope with newly designed sample holder, mesh and focused ion beam (FIB) damage removing process, boron in the extension area of the p-type MOS device was detected. This enables us to visualize the dopant distribution in silicon devices, which is indispensable to analyze transistor characteristics.


We have searched the WISE first data release for widely separated (610,000AU) late T dwarf companions to Hipparcos and Gliese stars. We have discovered a new binary system containing a K-band suppressed T8p dwarf WISEP J1423+0116 and the mildly metal poor ([Fe/H]= 0.38±0.06) primary BD+01 2920 (Hip 70319), a G1 dwarf at a distance of 17.2pc. This new benchmark has Teff=680±55K and a mass of 20 50MJup. Its spectral properties are well modelled except for known discrepancies in the Y and K bands. Based on the well determined metallicity of its companion, the properties of BD+01 2920B imply that the currently known T dwarfs are dominated by young lowmass objects. We also present an accurate proper motion for the T8.5 dwarf WISEP J075003.84+272544.8.


Objective
To investigate the protective role of chitosan oligosaccharide on blast brain injury (BBI) in rats.

Methods
Ninety male SD rats were divided into control group, BBI group and chitosan oligosaccharide group according to the random number table, with 30 rats per group. A model of BBI was induced by high pressure shock wave. Rats in chitosan oligosaccharide group received chitosan oligosaccharide (20 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally once a day for 5 days after the induction of BBI. For control and BBI groups, an equal amount of normal saline was given. Rat neurological severity score (NSS) was evaluated using the maze test, pole test and reflection test. Brain tissue pathological changes were observed using HE staining. Activity of catalase (CAT) and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain tissues were determined using the ELISA method. Protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in brain tissues were tested using the Western blot and immunefluorescence method . Expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB mRNA in brain tissues were determined using the Real time PCR.

Results
Mean NSS was 0 point in control group, 5.52 points in BBI group, and 3.56 points in chitosan oligosaccharide group (P 0.05).

Conclusion
Chitosan oligosaccharide can protect rats against BBI by down-regulating expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB and reducing oxidative damage.

Key words:
Brain injuries; Blast injuries; Chitosan; Inflammation; Oxidative stress


Variable phase-darkfield-contrast (VPDC) and variable bright-darkfield contrast (VBDC) are variant techniques in light microscopy promising significant improvements and a higher variability in imaging of many specimens, especially those consisting of high and low density components, affected with a high regional thickness or characterized by a complex three-dimensional architecture. Also fine reliefs and textures at the specimen ́s surface can often be perceived in superior detail. In both methods, a darkfield-like partial image based on secondary and higher order maxima is optically superimposed on partial images which are based on the principal zeroth order maximum (phase contrast or brightfield). Moreover, the condenser aperture diaphragm can be used for modulations of the image ́s appearance and optimizations of the final image quality in all variant techniques described.


The invention discloses a double-row feed system of a freeze dryer. The system comprises a conveying belt, and a push rod rail in butt joint with the conveying belt, wherein the conveying belt comprises a first conveying belt and a second conveying belt operated in parallel; a first star wheel is arranged in the butt joint place of the first conveying belt and the push rod rail; a second star wheel is arranged in the butt joint place of the second conveying belt and the push rod rail; the first star wheel is opposite to the second star wheel; and small bottles on the first conveying belt and the second conveying belt are conveyed onto the push rod rail one by one under the rotation of the first star wheel and the second star wheel. The invention further discloses a double-row feed method of the freeze dryer; and double rows of small bottles are pushed into a plate layer or a buffer area after being arranged through the rotating number of the double star wheels and the rotating offset of push rods. The feed system and method greatly accelerate the feed speed, and has a measure of multilayer elimination of falling bottles.


Many drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration could be repurposed or used off label to treat Alzheimer's disease, according to reports from the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation conference in New Jersey. The foundation is supporting 18 approved drugs in repurposing trials. This brings the total number of approved drugs that were being studied for use in treating Alzheimer's disease in repurposing trials to at least 127, the foundation said. The drugs discussed at a press briefing on 13 September were tadalafil (Cialis), approved to treat erectile dysfunction, and levetiracetam (Keppra), approved to treat epilepsy. Atticus Hainsworth of St George's, University of London is leading a double blind, placebo controlled crossover study of tadalafil in men and womenwho have symptomatic small vessel disease in the brain but have not been diagnosed with vascular cognitive impairment. Hainsworth said that a chronic lack of blood flow to deep brain areas was common in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, leading to vascular cognitive impairment. Vasodilation of small cerebral arteries could improve blood flow and treat, prevent, or postpone vascular cognitive impairment. The study will see if tadalafil increases blood flow to deep brain areas. Tadalafil crosses the blood-brain barrier, unlike other erectile dysfunction drugs. In the study it was given at an oral dose of 20 mg, higher than the dose used to treat erectile dysfunction. Sharon Rosenzweig-Lipson, of AgeneBio in Baltimore, described a small clinical trial re-purposing the anti-epileptic agent levetiracetam (Keppra) in people with mild cognitive impairment, the earliest symptomatic stage of Alzheimer's disease in which patients have memory loss. Rosenzweig-Lipson said that a randomized, placebo controlled Phase 3 trial had been designed which would involve 830 patients and last 18 months. The study would use a lower dose (220 mg) than that used to treat epilepsy. Howard Fillit, chief science officer of the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, said that the foundation's sole aim was to find and develop new drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease. It worked to fill the funding gap between basic research and clinical development by finding and supporting promising discoveries and pre-clinical development. Fillit is also a clinical professor of geriatrics and palliative medicine at Mt Sinai Medical Center in New York. Besides the two drugs discussed at the briefing, the foundation was also supporting clinical trials of 16 other drugs that might be repurposed for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Many were international, multi-center trials that focused on patients with early disease. Among the 16 drugs were the selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitor atomoxetine (Strattera), prescribed for childhood attention deficit hypersensitivity disorder; the thiamine derivative benfotiamine; the angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan (Atacand); and the dopaminergic agonist rotigotine (Neupro). About 5 million people in the US have Alzheimer's disease and it is now the sixth leading cause of death—although, according to the National Institute of Aging, recent estimates say it may actually rank third.


There are several varieties of TV electronic tuning systems., e.g., potentiometer, voltage synthesizer and frequency synthesizer tuning systems. Usually a potentiometer system is adopted, but it needs many components such as potentiometers, switches for band selection and etc. Although a frequency synthesizer system features accurate tuning, it requires high speed logic circuits.


The plastic industry is one of the growing industries because the plastic packaging industry plays an important role in the supply chain for strategic sectors such as food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and electronics. However, the plastics industry also faces many challenges from government policies due to its regulation to reduce the use of plastic packaging. Indonesia is acknowledged as the second-largest contributor to plastic waste after China. This has led to big cities in Indonesia initiate policies to reduce and to ban plastic use. This certainly can be a problem for plastic companies. Therefore, the company should have a good strategy in dealing with that policy. In this study, the authors try to analyze strategies that are appropriate for PT DHI to be able to survive facing policies that put pressure on PT DHI. By conducting interviews, observations, and analyzing various internal and external factors and SWOT matrix analysis shows that PT. DHI besides running the existing products, PT. DHI has to start developing environmentally friendly plastic bag products and take the opportunity that there are 15% - 46% potential customers that will choose green products


In software testing, testing of all program statements is a very crucial issue as it consumes a lot of time, effort and cost. The time, effort and cost can be reduced by using an efficient technique to reduce the test case and a good optimization algorithm to generate efficient, reliable and unique test cases. In this paper, the concept of dominance tree is used which covers all edges/statement by using minimum test case. Nature inspired algorithm PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) by applying different inertia weights is used to generate unique, reliable and efficient test cases to cover the leaf nodes of dominance tree. Inertia weights like fixed inertia weight (FIW), globallocal best (GLbestIW), Time-Dependent weight (TDW), and proposed GLbestRandIW weights are used with PSO to investigate the effect of inertia weights on the execution of PSO with respect to number of generation required, percentage coverage , total test cases generated to test the software under consideration.


Background: In 2017, 197 million Indians were suffering from mental disorders, of whom 46 million had depression. In Kashmir, 41% have been identified as having probable depression. Depression is one of the most frequently diagnosed mental illness which is characterized by feelings of sadness, loss of energy, motivation, concentration, changes in appetite, changes in sleep, etc. Depression is known to impact work performance, their colleagues and potentially on the quality of care provided to patients. Nursing, a loyal profession, is considered as one of the most susceptible profession to depression. This study was conducted with the aim of finding the incidence of depression among Nurses. Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted on 200 Nurses collected by using convenient sampling from different hospitals in Srinagar district of Kashmir Valley in order to assess the incidence of Depression among them. Depression was diagnosed by following Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5) criteria and assessment was done on the bases of age, gender, marital status, family type and residence. Results: Majority of the Nurses were found to be females (68%), above 30 years (64%), belonged to nuclear family (69%), married (71%) and residing in rural areas (64%). As for as incidence of depression is concerned, 134 (67%) Nurses were found to be having symptoms of depression. Conclusions: Most of the Nurses were diagnosed with depression that has a negative impact on the patient care. Thus, there is a dire need for screening of the Nurses and thus early detection of affected one's.


Introduction Part One The Risks: What is social engineering? Understanding your risks People, your weakest link Limitations to current security thinking. Part Two Understanding Human Vulnerabilities: Trust me Reading a person Subconscious mind Parent, Adult, Child. Part Three Countermeasures: Vulnerability mapping Protection systems Awareness and Training Testing. Index.


This research was carried out based on the phenomena that exist among students, the problems that occur in students are toxic friendship communication, so to see how high the behavior is, the researchers conducted research at the Muslim Nusantara University Al-Washliyah. Problems that can be seen from the friendships made by students both in terms of speech and actions. Such as not wanting to lose to friends, not respecting opinions, depending on others, stubbornness and lack of empathy for fellow students. This research was shown after the treatment was given to 8 students. Counseling services as a form of treatment that researchers provide to see if there is a decrease in toxic friendship communication behavior in students. The real effect is obtained from the results of the linear regression test that the researchers did to find out whether there is an influence by providing group counseling services with a reality approach to toxic friendship communication. to predict the communication variable toxic friendship.


It is necessary to keep monitoring in order to understand the implementation effect of the Project for Wind and Sand Source Area Control around Beijing and Tianjin with the area of 458 000 hm2.The contents of monitoring include land use,change of landscape,progress of project implementation,vegetation change and ecological benefit.The criterion system and techniques were proposed.Three methods such as TM monitoring,SPOT5 monitoring and QuickBird monitoring were introduced.


Transgenesis is radically a new technology for altering the characteristics of animals by directly changing the genetic material. There has been rapid development in the use of genetically engineered animals as investigators have found an increasing number of applications for the technology. Transgenic technology holds great potential in agriculture, medicine and industry. This article lays emphasis on the Bio-medical applications of transgenesis.


We consider the self-adjoint singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems. We know that the numerical methods for solution of such problems based on nonpolynomial spline in grid points, can produce the fourth order method only. So that we look for an alternative to obtain higher order methods. We develop the non-polynomial spline in off-step points to rise the order of accuracy. Based on such spline, the purposed new methods are fourth, sixth and eighth-order accurate. These methods are applicable to problems both in singular and non-singular cases. The convergence analysis of the new eight-order method is proved. We applied the presented methods to test problems which have been solved by other existing methods in our references, for comparison of our methods with the existing methods. Numerical results are given to illustrate the efficiency of our methods.


The magnetic susceptibilities of acetic acid in the pure and dissolved states have been investigated, and the results obtained have been attributed to the changes that take place in the association of acetic acid molecules.


Radiation environment continuous automatic monitoring,started relatively late and developed slowly in China compared with air automatic monitoring and water quality automatic monitoring.The government has increased the investment in radiation environment quality monitoring,strengthened the management of radiation environmental quality,and also the government has set up multiple radiation environment automatic monitoring stations in key regions and major cities.After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in March 11th,2011,the environmental protection ministry started to publish monitoring data of air absorbed dose rate nationwide,trying to relieve people's anxieties.Therefore,the importance of radiation environment automatic monitoring stations has rose to a new level.This article started from the origin of radiation environment continuous automatic monitoring station and briefly introduced its developing process and the present status.


Accurate direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of wideband, low-power nonstationary signals is important in many radio frequency (RF) applications. This article analyses the performance of two incoherent aggregation techniques for the DOA estimation of high chirp-rate linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals used in modern radar and electronic warfare (EW) applications. The aim is to determine suitable aggregation techniques for blind DOA estimation for real-time implementation with a frequency channelised signal. The first technique calculates a single pseudospectrum by directly combining the spatial covariance matrices from each of the frequency bins. The second technique first calculates the spatial pseudospectra from the spatial covariance matrix (SCM) from each frequency bin and then combines the spatial pseudospectra into one single estimate. Firstly, for single and multiple signal emitters, we compare the DOA estimation performance of incoherent SCM-based aggregation with that of the incoherent spatial pseudospectra-based aggregation using the root mean-squared error (RMSE). Secondly, we determine the types of signals and conditions for which these incoherent aggregation techniques are more suited. We demonstrate that the low-complexity SCM-based aggregation technique can achieve relatively good estimation performance compared to the pseudospectra-based aggregation technique for multiple narrowband signal detection. However, pseudospectra aggregation is better suited for single wideband emitter detection. Both the incoherent aggregation techniques presented in this article offer a computational advantage over the coherent processing techniques and hence are better suited for real-time implementation.