Despite the rapid growth of engineering science especially in the modern structural engineering and application of new materials in civil engineering, a significant percentage of world population in different countries are living in adobe buildings made from mud-bricks. In this paper, by performing experimental study on scaled mud-brick walls under monotonic load, inplane behavior of the walls have been investigated for different levels of vertical load. After recognizing damage mechanisms from experiment, a simple retrofitting method has been presented to upgrade wall performance. Experimental behavior of retrofitted walls was also studied. The proposed retrofitting method consists of using polypropylene lace and tarpaulin belts. As a result, a better performance of the walls in terms of shear capacity, ductility and energy absorption are observed by using proposed retrofitting method. Meanwhile, Proposed retrofitting method has significant effect in rocking mechanism delay and prevention of wall sudden collapse.


In one of the first books written on urbanism and spatial planning in Belgium – published in 1916 under the title Preliminaries of Civic Art in Relation to the 'Clinical Case' of Belgium (hereafter Preliminaries) – landscape architect and urbanist Louis Van der Swaelmen (1883-1929) stated that a crisis had struck the country. "Entire cities have been destroyed," he lamented, comparable to the power of multiple "London fires" or "Messina earthquakes" (Van der Swaelmen 1916: 6). The crisis Van der Swaelmen was refering to was the destruction caused by World War I; a destruction he sought to address and overcome in Preliminairies with a reconstruction agenda that was based on what he called his "sociobiological" theory (Van der Swaelmen 1919). Although the foundation of this theory was somewhat vague, a close reading of Van der Swaelmen's writings reveals that it was based in mainly French environmental thought of that period, leaning on early ethological and sociobiological research (Thomas 2003; De Bont 2008 and 2010). Early ethology is understood as a branch of biological research concerned with the "interactions between organisms and their environment," a kind of proto-ecology (De Bont 2010: 4),while sociobiology in France and Belgiumwas specifically concernedwith the "continuity between animal and human societies" (Thomas 2003: 109). Van der Swaelmen's sociobiological take on urbanization was based on the same observations. He believed that the environment was crucial for urbanization processes. Using a biological analogy, he even compared cities to natural organisms.Coupling this kind of environmental thought to architecture and urban planning was not unique in the Belgian context it was a widespread international phenomenon during the late 19 and early 20 centuries


In the molecule of the title compound, C11H14N2O3, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the hydrazinecarboxylate mean plane is 3.65 (12)°. Intramolecular C—H⋯N and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds result in the formation of a nearly planar six-membered ring, which is oriented at a dihedral angle of 2.38 (3)° with respect to the benzene ring, and a five-membered ring having an envelope conformation. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the molecules. There is a C—H⋯π contact between the benzene ring and the methyl group of the ethyl substituent.


A modification of the variable pressure body plethysmography technique is described in which the three signals necessary to calculate thoracic gas volume and airway resistance (mouth pressure, airflow, and box pressure) were displayed simultaneously in a dual trace, split screen oscilloscope. The oscilloscopic display was recorded on videotape by a television camera. Later, the recording was played back on a television monitor, and measurements were made from appropriate X-Y displays of the signals seen on the monitor screen. By use of stop-action control, individual loops were studied and slopes were defined at precise reference points. Displays could be traced on transparent overlays to provide a permanent record of the study.


Cases of rickets uncomplicated by renal disease which did not respond to the antirachitic treatment with ordinary doses of vitamin D have been reported by a number of investigators. 1 Chemical balance studies of the bone salt metabolism have been carried out in a number of these cases. 1f, g The changes in calcium and phosphorus metabolism have been reported to be not quite typical of ordinary infantile rickets but not at all like those of primary hyperparathyroidism. The urinary excretion of calcium has been reported to be above the level usually observed in active rickets. There is chemical evidence of a secondary hyperplasia of the parathyroids in this condition. Since hyperplasia of the parathyroids has been shown to be associated with rickets in experimental animals, this feature does not appear to be a unique characteristic of resistant rickets. The use of induced radioactive isotopes of the biologically important mineral


Abstract The Otekaike Limestone Trig Z sequence in southeastern South Island, New Zealand, is the type section for the local Waitakian Stage, and contains the Duntroonian/ Waitakian Stage boundary, previously thought equivalent to the Oligocene/Miocene Epoch boundary. Strontium isotope analysis of molluscan (pectinid) macrofossil fragments and mainly benthic foraminifera from the Otekaike Limestone has, together with foraminiferal and nannofossil bio‐stratigraphy, provided a chronology for the section and established a correlation with the global time‐scale. Strontium isotope ratios of macrofossil and foraminiferal extracts are identical and indicate an age for the section ranging from c. 25.5 Ma at the base to c. 23.7 Ma at the top, placing most of the section within the late Oligocene (Chattian). The Duntroonian/Waitakian boundary is set at c. 25.2 Ma (intra‐Chattian) and is not coeval with the Oligocene/Miocene boundary (23.8 Ma), which occurs near the top of the section.


Purpose: To evaluate the morphologic differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ductal breast tumors , as seen on US Materials and Methods: US findings in 29 pathologically proven cases of ductal breast tumor were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were female and their mean age was 42 years. Nineteen tumors were benign and ten were malignan t, and all ductal or cystic lesions showed solid masses. According to the location of the mural nodule , we classified the sonographic appearance of these tumors into three types: intraductaL intracystic and amorphic. The intraductal type was divided into three subtypes: incompletely obstructive , completely obstructive and multiple mural nodules. For the intracystic type , too , three subtypes were designated : the intracystic mural nodule (mural cysù intracystic mural nodule with the duct (mural cyst+ duct) and intracystic multiple mural nodules. The amorphic type is defined as an atypical ductal tumor with the mural nodule extending into adjacent parenchyma. Results:The margin of the duct or cyst was smooth in 68 .4% of benign , and irregular in 90 % of malignant ductal tumors. Internal echogeneity of the duct or cyst usually showed homogeneity in both benign and malignant tumors. 73.7 % of tumors connecting the duct were benign and 50 % were malignant. In benign tumors , 52.6 % of mural nodule had an irregular margin , while in malig nant tumors , the corresponding proportion was 100 % ; both types usually showed heterogeneous hypoechogeneity. Among benign tumors , the most common morphologic type was the intraductal incompletely obstructive subtype (36.8 %); among those that were malignant , the amorphic type was most common , accounting for 40 % of tumors. No amorphic type was benign and no incompletely obstructive subtype was malignant Conclusion : When breast tumors are morphologically classified on the basis of sonographic findings , the intraductal incompletely obstructive subtype suggests benignancy , and the amorphic type , malignancy. The morphologic classification of ductal breast tumors based on sonography is therefore useful for the differential diagnosis of benignancy and malignancy.


The electrostatic charge decay test standards,methods,instruments,and the test evaluation at home and aboard are presented.The situation on the aspects of the electrostatic charge decay test is analyzed.On this basis,some countermeasures for solving these problems are proposed,as well as the next step of the research.


It is shown that in every complex Banach space E with open unit ball D C E there is a closed C-linear subspace Cc£ such that V C\ D is the orbit of the origin 0 E E under the group Aut(D) of all biholomorphic automorphisms of D. In particular two complex Banach spaces are isometrically equivalent if and only if their open unit balls are biholomorphically equivalent. Suppose E, F are complex Banach spaces and U E E is an open subset. Then a mapping/: U -* Fis called holomorphic if the Fréchet derivative of/ at x (denoted by f'(x)) exists for every x G U. (For details compare [6].) In this paper we show that the Banach space E is completely determined by the holomorphic structure of its (open) unit ball; more precisely, Theorem. The complex Banach spaces E and Ë are isometrically isomorphic if and only if there is a biholomorphic mapping from the unit ball of E onto the unit ball of Ë. This answers a question L. A. Harris raised in [3, p. 15]. For the proof let £ be a fixed complex Banach space with unit ball DEE. Let 0 denote the set of all holomorphic vector fields on D i.e. of all expressions X = f(z)d/dz where/: D —* E is a holomorphic mapping and z denotes the coordinate of D. Then D is a complex Lie algebra in the product [/W¿,^)¿]=(.'W/(z)-/'(z)g(z))¿. For every integer v the Lie algebra D contains the linear subspace ^v = l h(z)~ï~ h: E ^> E is a. homogeneous polynomial of degree v + 1 >. Obviously [$r,$ßJ C SJL^ for every v and \i. Since D is a bounded domain in E, the set g of all complete holomorphic vector fields on D has the following properties (compare [7]): (0) Every h(z)d/dz G g is uniquely determined by h(0) and h'(0) (Cartan's uniqueness theorem). Received by the editors October 29, 1975. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 32M10, 46B99; Secondary 22E6S. © American Mathematical Society 1976 129 License or copyright restrictions may apply to redistribution; see http://www.ams.org/journal-terms-of-use 130 WILHELM KAUP AND HARALD UPMEIER (1) g C rj is a real Lie subalgebra satisfying g ft ig = 0. (2) For every positive r < 1, ||«(z)3/3z|| = sup||z||<r||«(z)|| defines a norm on g. Any two of these norms are equivalent and make g a Banach Lie algebra. Lemma 1. There exists a topological direct sum decomposition (3) 8 = ï © P, where f = gn$I30,p = gn 0ß_, © $,). This decomposition is ad(î)-invariant and, furthermore, g Cl S$_, = g n $, = 0. Proof. The holomorphic vector field Z : = /' 3/3z is in g since D is invariant under the corresponding one parameter group z i-> e"z, t G R. Consider a holomorphic vector field X G g. Then in a certain neighborhood of the origin, X may be given by a convergent series X = 2^1 -1 A"", where Aj, G ^s". Since g is a real Lie algebra the vector field Y : = p(ad Z)X = 2^=2 p('v)K 's also in g, where the real polynomial/? G R[/] is given by p = t(t2 + 1). Applying Cartan's uniqueness theorem (0), we get Y = 0, i.e. Xv = 0 for v > 2, and hence Jf = X_x + X0 + Xx. But X0 = X + (adZ)2* is also in g and the decomposition (3) follows immediately from this. For every X G g n $ß( we have iX = (adZ)X G q and, hence g n % G g n /g = 0. In the same way we get g n 5ß_, = 0. Q.E.D. Next consider the R-linear subspace V = {/(0)|/(z)3/3z G g} of E. Since g n $| = 0, for every a G V there is a unique symmetric continuous bilinear mapping qa : E X F -> E such that (a <7a(z,z))3/3z G g. Lemma 2. V c E is closed. Proof. Fix a positive d < j and consider holomorphic vector fields A1 = «(z)3/3z G p satisfying (4) ||«(z)|| < d2/6 if ||x|| < 2d. Denote by L(E) the endomorphism algebra of F and endow the Banach space F = E X L(E ) with the max-norm. Consider the one parameter group gt = exp(iA') associated with X and define a:R->öx L(E) G F by u(t) = (g,(0),gj(0)). Then there exists a positive j < 1 such that u(t) G U for all / with |/| < s, where U G F is the open ball with radius d and center u(0) = (0, id£). Then u satisfies the differential equation (5) du/dt =/(«), where /: Z> X L(F) -» F is defined by /(x,A) = («(*), «'(*) ° A). It follows from (4) by a simple computation that/' is bounded by 1 on U C D X L(F). Therefore we get (6) ||m(/) «(0)|| < ll/WOttIKe' 1)< ||A(0)I|3j < srf if |/| < ,. (Compare [1, 10.5.1].) In particular we may assume 5=1. Applying [2, License or copyright restrictions may apply to redistribution; see http://www.ams.org/journal-terms-of-use


State documents in which basic position is represented about type school and education in Ukraine are considered in the article, it is rotined as theoretical positions influence from physics, physical experiment, untiing of physical tasks on mastering of knowledge's students from physics, forming of their abilities and skills. Keywords: studies of physics, type school, forming of abilities and skills, studies of students.


In the upsetting process,it is easy to form drum shape on the side surface of the cylindrical billet,which has puzzled the practical manufacturing for a long time. In this paper,several traditional measures of decreasing drum shape were simulated by the finite element method by using DEFORM software,and their simulated results were compared with the common upsetting process. We find that the above mentioned measures can decrease drum shape and enhance deformation uniformity in various degrees.


in the educational systems of the two nations show the influence of their surging industrialization within wide boundaries, a pragmatic orientation of education, and Soviet imitation of our schools. The differences are by no means wholly attributable to Bolshevik-Marxian philosophy. The Soviets have preserved many Continental concepts, such as separate educational streams. At the same time, the Soviets carry specialization and a pragmatic orientation to extremes not found anywhere else in the world. Recently the main Soviet system of secondary schools has been moving toward ours. The move in our direction came at the very


In situating the study of diversity within the sociology of knowledge, this article questions the uncritical use of social science in the politics of affirmative action. It argues that such use may have the unintended consequences of naturalizing racial differences, legitimating the institutional processes that use them, and ensuring their continued relevance in organizing society.


Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: offshore wind; wind energy; marine energy; wind power installation; cost reduction; and risk management.


Introduction: State Power and Policy Making * State Development And Policy Choices, 19681995 The Military and Popular Mobilization International Actors and the Politics of Economic Austerity The Failures of State Populism Retooling the State: The Fujimori Coalition and State Reform * State Power And Social Control Villa El Salvador: Popular Organization and the State in a Lima Shantytown Sendero Luminoso: Ideology and State in the Andes State Capacities and Counterinsurgency Conclusions: From State Developmentalism to Neoliberal Reforms


Abstract Maneuvering oblique towing test is simulated in a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) environment to obtain the linear and nonlinear velocity dependent damping coefficients for a DTMB 5512 model ship. The simulations are carried out in freely accessible OpenFOAM library with three different solvers, rasInterFoam, LTSInterFoam and interDyMFoam, and two turbulence models, k-ε and SST k-ω in presence of free surface. Turning and zig-zag maneuvers are simulated for the DTMB 5512 model ship using the calculated damping coefficients with CFD. The comparison of simulated results with the available experimental shows a very good agreement among them.


Autocrine motility factor receptor (AMF‐R) has been shown to play an important role in tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. We have detected AMF‐R expression in tissue specimens from patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and have assessed their clinical characteristics. Using RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry, we quantified the expression of AMF‐R in 47 patients with NSCLC who underwent curative tumor resection, to investigate the relationship between AMF‐R expression and clinicopathologic factors and prognosis. RT‐PCR results agreed well with the immunohistochemic results (p < 0.0001). In 47 NSCLC patients, 34 (72.3%) samples were evaluated as having high AMF‐R gene expression. AMF‐R gene expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and stage (p = 0.0295 for lymph node metastasis, p = 0.0152 for stage). The overall survival rate for patients with high AMF‐R gene‐expressing tumors was significantly worse than for those whose tumors had low AMF‐R expression (p = 0.0029). Multivariate analysis also showed that AMF‐R gene expression was significantly related to survival (p = 0.0165). These data indicate that AMF‐R may contribute to tumor progression and that AMF‐R gene expression can serve as a useful prognostic marker in NSCLC. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


np by pretreated cotton which has been dried as compared to the amounts taken up by nndried. At that time it was considered that the change was caused by sintering. When cotton is treated with a sufficiently concentrated solution of caustic soda, and the cotton washed with water and dried, there is a change in the space lattice. As the adsorptive properties of cotton treated in this way are enhanced we considered, notwithstanding the fact that Katz had reported the contrary, that the decrease in adsorption brought about by drying the cotton should be connected with a reversal of the pattern. We havo now investigatod the nature of the change occurring during drying. Standard eotton 2 was pretreated loose with 4.53 molal caustic soda for 24 hours at room temperature (23°25° C.). The cotton was then washed alkali-free with distilled


Surveillance of roads using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV's) is an upcoming technology which has advantages over existing automatic traffic control methods. Irrespective of the fact that the existing video analysis gives 85-90 percent accuracy, they have a few faults in calculating the exact count of vehicles. So, our project involves frame by frame analysis of videos for better results. The framework includes three steps which are detection of foreground, detection of blobs, dilation and counting of vehicles.


Scholars of nationalism will find the explicit and implicit comparative approach most helpful to place the Dominican case within the larger literature of nationalism and citizenship in the Americas during the nineteenth century. With its clear and lucid prose, clarity of argument, and the insightful discussions of intellectuals, nationalism, citizenship, gender, race, immigration, the working poor and urban reform, this book is ideal for course adoption. Much like Richard Lee Turtis Foundations of Despotism (2002) raised new questions for studies of Latin American populism, militarism, and nationalism by a focus on the Trujillo era, Martinez-Vergene's Nation & Citizen will serve to insert the Spanish Caribbean more forcefully into Latin American historiography.


DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180055 Since its beginning, myocardial revascularization has suffered substantial technological changes. In fact, early techniques with no physiological basis were used to increase blood supply to the ischemic myocardium. These included pericardial talc insufflation, coronary sinus ligation, Beck surgical procedure, and the Vineberg procedure. Nevertheless, due to their frustrating results that did not meet the expectations, these techniques were abandoned.


In this paper, the author compares the twentieth-century democratization of Latin America with that of Eastern Europe. To do this, he questions the relevance of the concept of the "democratic transition" and lists the precautions that should be taken before using it. He outlines the fundamental differences between the Latin and post-Communist democratization processes and their partial resemblances and ambiguous parallelisms.


Due to the importance of arithmetic abilities for elementary school students, this research aims to develop games using digital dice.This games will be used in gamification in math education. This research method is research and development, while the game development process using the waterfall model of system development life cycle. Based on the results of development, the system is built so that the students are emotionally engaged through digital dice games, they didn't only tap the screen or answer the exercise. The results of functional testing and compatibility also show that the system has excellent functionality and compatibility.


Part of the national economy, regional economy of a country targeting both the region, as a part of geographical territory, and the enclosures of the free zones, warehouses and factories under customs control located in these regions. Although there are many difficulties in collecting and processing information needed in regional accounts, however, it can be determined by factors such as: regional gross domestic product, household regional accounts, regional accounts of public administration, gross fixed capital by regions balance of payments accounts at regional, national wealth account, etc. Regional accounts, developed by ESA' 95 methodology, are analogous to national accounts and reflects, in aggregate form, economic flows and relationships between them, studying intra and inter regional links while checking compatibility indicators.


Aim: To underline a management protocol for epistaxis as per etiology so as to reduce associated morbidity of repeated packing, procedures and hospitalization. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study carried out over a period of 2 years from January 2007 till December 2008 wherein all the cases that presented with a symptom of acute epistaxis to the emergency department of Fortis Hospital, Mohali were, enrolled into the study. These cases were evaluated for the brief history (a detailed history was taken after the primary management in majority of the cases), physical examination, diagnostic nasal endoscopy, radiology (if needed), hematological and biochemical profile and cross match (if needed). All these patients were hospitalized and were grouped into two groups on the basis of the age with group A having cases under 14 years of age and group B having cases more than 14 years of age. These cases were managed by a definitive management protocol stated in detail. Following this protocol for the management, we studied the duration of hospitalization for it and the frequency of repeated packing that patient had to undergo. Results: A total of 97 cases were studied in this study with 26 cases in group A and 71 cases in group B. There was a male predominance with 20 males in group A and 52 males in group B. The most common etiology in group A was decrease in platelet count secondary to ITP (Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura) and in group B was accelerated hypertension. There was only anterior bleeding in only 10 of these cases and 81 cases had anterior and posterior bleeding. The cases were managed as per etiology following a management protocol and by this we could reduce hospitalization as in highlighted in the tables. Discussion: There is no defined management protocol for the management of epistaxis as per the etiology though there are many studies on different treatment options used and its results. We here could follow a management protocol for different etiologies. Conclusion: The management protocol as per etiology for hypertension if used can reduce the hospitalization and also associated


Objective
To explore the research status of preceptorship in nursing teaching among colleges and universities of China so as to provide a basis for perfecting preceptorship.

Methods
Literature on preceptorship in nursing teaching among colleges and universities of China were retrieved by computer in WanFang data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , VIP between starting to collect literature and June 2017. The literature metrology was used to document analysis.

Results
We screened 155 literatures published in 68 journals. The number of literatures was on the rise for nearly 10 years. Authors were from 88 institutions of 25 provincial-level administrative regions. A total of 17 literatures were cited more than 10 times and 32 literatures were supported by research fund.

Conclusions
Overall, the research on preceptorship in nursing teaching among colleges and universities shows an increasing trend. However, the core-author group has not been formed. The research quality, research scope and research depth remain to be improved.

Key words:
Preceptorship; Bibliometrics; Nursing teaching


In the process of petroleum storage, transportation, loading, unloading, or distribution, a great deal of the mixtures of petroleum vapor and air are emitting from tanks or tankers, and the mixtures will bring about much hidden harm to human being. External or internal floating-roof tank and petroleum vapor recovery unit were recommended to control the loss. An appraisement system, including appraisement methods, control standards, and calculation formula, was established and programmed to evaluate the evaporation loss under different operation conditions, and to appraise the control effect of the equipments. The appraisement system can provide base references and guides for the law programmers and the enterprise managers and the equipment developers.


This project presents some new problems facing the study process in the distant learning system (DLS), and also tries to answer the central question: "Why do we need personalized e-learning curricula?". The web application was developed in order to detect changes in learning styles and measure the level of satisfaction of the students with the presented e-curriculum for C++ programming language. This research would contribute to creating such a type of learning objects which will be preferred for each student with different learning style. Also, the data collected from the students can help educators in choosing type of learning activities or in the design of those activities which can suit all types of learner.


A study has been made for the high performance concrete of grade M70, where two mineral admixtures like GGBS and Metakaolin has been used with the two fibers, one B glass fibers and asbestos fibers. If two fibers are used in the concrete then we are call is having a fiber reinforced concrete the asbestos fibers percentage was kept constant of about 0.33% and glass fibers % have been changed from 0.25, 0.75 and 1.0%. The cubes are casted for different water cement ratios which is 0.25,0.30 and 0.35. there cubes are tested for the strength teste and durability zero.


The present invention relates to a method for PIN authentication using a mobile communication terminal when the mobile banking. The present invention relates to a PIN authentication method when the mobile banking using a mobile communication terminal, an information storing step of storing the PIN information to the user's financial account information in an IC card detachably mounted to the mobile communication terminal; Authentication step for comparing the PIN information stored in the PIN information, the IC card is input through the input device of the mobile terminal, authenticates the access to the IC card; And a display step of displaying on a display of the PIN when the PIN authentication steps for the authentication information through the user's financial account information stored in the IC card, a mobile, a warning message if the PIN information is not authenticated terminal.


There is increasing interest in the study of factors responsible for the development of diabetes mellitus in childhood. Research focus has been principally on genetic factors (primarily HLA antigen status) and autoimmune beta cell destructive mechanisms. There is considerable importance in broadening the scope of research into etiology and classification. Some of the issues that need to be resolved include: 1) What is the frequency of IDDM occurring in children and adolescents with diabetes? 2) Does the frequency of IDDM within the childhood diabetes population vary according to geographic, cultural and racial characteristics? 3) Are there genetic factors responsible for the expression of IDDM that are not HLA or Chromosome 6 related? 4) Is the mechanism of beta cell destruction in IDDM invariably due to autoimmune mechanisms? 5) Are there etiologically important environmental factors (infections, nutrition, stress, etc.) involved in the expression of childhood diabetes mellitus? 6) What is the frequency of Maturity Onset Diabetes in Youth (MODY) in childhood diabetes and does its frequency vary from culture to culture? 7) How is MODY related to IDDM and NIDDM in terms of genetics,


When photometric stereo technique is used to recover shape and 3D information of an object from multiple images, it is common to assume that the light sources being used are collimated. When the light sources that are being used are actually point light sources, as in robot applications for weld seam inspection or underwater imaging, such an assumption causes significant error. The error increases further when the imaging system is deployed in an attenuating and scattering media. In such situations, a purely analytical solution is not possible. Current work proposes a novel iterative algorithm for recovering shape and 3D information in such situations. General Terms Underwater Robotic Vehicles, Industrial Robots, Computer Vision, Algorithm.


This paper summarizes the X-ray imaging technology in medical applications,the X-ray product composition,characteristics and imaging principle and application scope is introduced,and emphatically introduces digital X-ray imaging technology.Compared with traditional film-produced imaging,digital X-ray imaging has many advantages,including: low-dose radiation,high image resolution,image information,easy to manage and can realize image transmission etc,and therefore has beenextensively applied,the development trend was good.


The world's first electron projection lithography (EPL) R&D exposure tool was installed at our laboratory in June 2003, and we have evaluated its basic performance. The most feasible introduction of EPL into ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) is mix-and-match use with an optical tool for critical layers at the 65 nm technology node (TN) and beyond. Overlay is the most crucial issue in mix-and-match lithography, so we focused on overlay in this evaluation. We found that the overlay performance of the EPL tool in mix-and-match use is 48.0 nm in the X direction and 45.7nm in the Y direction. To clarify details of deteriorated overlay accuracy, we divided it into 7 factors, finding underlayer distortion to be about 15 nm, residual reticle distortion 5 nm, subfield (SF) distortion 15 nm, main-field (MF) distortion 20 nm, reticle alignment accuracy 15 nm, repeatability 25 nm, and exposure field distortion 25 nm. We also demonstrated that overlay accuracy was 30 nm using previous overlay data.


The silatrane hydride compound, [N(CH2CH2O)3]SiH, reacts with CO2 in the presence of the [tris(2-pyridylthio)methyl]zinc hydride complex, [Tptm]ZnH, to afford the silyl formate and methoxide deriva...


Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), by nature, is a perennial woody shrub that possesses an indeterminate growth habit. Through breeding and selection, cotton has been adapted to an annual production system and is currently grown under both semi-arid and humid conditions. As such, the crop is often subjected to environmental extremes and exposed to various stresses that impact its yield. The crop may be more vulnerable to these stresses at key developmental stages, such as flower initiation and boll filling. At present, cotton is not genetically limited for yield, but the ability to retain and mature the fruit that are produced remains a challenge. Because of the indeterminate growth habit, cotton produces fruit over an extended fruiting period. Thus, these fruit are developed under varying moisture, temperature, and light regimes. The fruiting habit of the crop normally proceeds from fruit production commencing at around the sixth node and proceeding upward and out on fruiting branches until it reaches a stage of development referred to as cutout. Each fruiting branch that is produced normally initiates from 1 to 4 fruiting sites, with fruiting continuing upward until around the eighteenth mainstem node. Previous research indicates that the majority of yield is produced from the first and second fruiting sites on main-stem nodes 9 through 14. Reports indicate that as much as 80% of the yield originates at these sites. The obvious question is, "why is this the case." A major contributor to this occurrence is that of source and sink. The first position fruit on a node constitutes a stronger demand for assimilates and if supplies are limited, the subsequent fruit produced on the fruiting branch suffer the consequences. Because of these growth characteristics, ways to modify and control the flowering/fruiting of the cotton plants are often desirable. The alterations may be accomplished through the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs). An organic substance is considered a plant growth regulator if in low concentrations it promotes, inhibits, or modifies plant growth and development, eliciting responses similar to the ones observed from endogenous plant hormones. However, interactions with the environment and differences in cultural practices are mainly responsible for the complex responses generated by crops to PGRs. Lack of consistency in performance, and the fact that PGRs may not be economically beneficial are some of the limitations for PGR usage.


According to the regulations about the territory jurisdiction of administrative penalty by Administrative Penalty Law and The Temporary Provisions of Archival Administrative Penalty the article explores the limits of jurisdiction of archival administrative penalty the principles which should be kept to disputes and deportations of the jurisdiction and so on.


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to recycling of semiconductor finishing process waste waters containing suspension. Proposed method comprises filtration step whereat fresh waste water containing said suspension is continuous fed to circulation tank (10). Note here that mixed waste water is continuously withdrawn from said tank (10). Withdrawn waste water is fed via ultrafiltration device (20) and concentrated by water removal to get concentrated waste water. The latter is fed into circulation tank (10) and mixed with tank contents to produced mixed waste water. After filtration stage, concentration is performed whereat addition of fresh waste water to tank (10) is decreased or terminated. Note here that mixed waste water is continuously withdrawn from circulation tank (10) while mixed waste water to be removed is forced through ultrafiltration device (20) to be concentrated therein by removal of fluid to get concentrated waste water. Concentrated waste water is forced into circulation tank (10). EFFECT: higher concentration of solids in waste water. 12 cl, 6 dwg


THE only hesitation experienced before accepting the kind invitation, so courteously conveyed to me by your Honorary Secretary, to address you this evening arose from some difficulty in the choice of a subject which would be at once useful and interesting. But as some questions connected with affections of the stomach have been recently occupying my attention, it seemed to me that in a brief analysis of certain of their features we might find matter of sufficient importance to merit discussion. In doing this my purpose is strictly limited. It is far from my intention to enter upon a systematic examinatioii of our knowledge of the interesting group of abdominal diseases forming common ground for the physician and surgeon. My wish is to bring before you this evening simply the results of my own experience in one group of cases. With this aim in view no reference will be made, save indirectly, to affections of the intestines. Further, all instances of perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer that have been under my notice will be excluded, and the examples of subphrenic abscess and its complications which have been under my care will also be passed by. In short, my remarks will be devoted to the diagnosis and treatmentof chronic gastric ulcer and malignant gastric conditions, and will be based upon the last 25 cases belonging to these two categories occurring in my


Previously, we reported on PD 102807 (41) as being the most selective synthetic M4 muscarinic antagonist identified to date. Synthesized analogues of 41 showed no improvement in affinity and selectivity at that time. However, several newly synthesized compounds exhibit a 7-fold higher affinity at M4 receptors and demonstrate a selectivity of at least 100-fold over all other muscarinic receptor subtypes. For example, compound 28 showed an affinity of pKi = 9.00 at M4 receptors and a selectivity of M1/M4 = 13 183-fold, M2/M4 = 339-fold, M3/M4 = 151-fold, and M5/M4 = 11 220-fold. This high selectivity along with high affinity has not been reported for any synthetic muscarinic antagonist, nor for natural occurring M4 antagonists such as the M4 selective Eastern Green Mamba venom MT3 (M4 pKb = 8.7, M1/M4 = 40-fold, M2/M4 ≥ 500-fold, M3/M4 ≥ 500-fold, and M5/M4 ≥ 500-fold). Derivative 24, a compound with a high selectivity pattern as well, has been tested for in vivo efficacy. It was able to block the l-3,4-dih...


The NASA Micro Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) is a federated network of Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) systems designed to continuously measure aerosol and cloud vertical structure, day and night, over long time periods required to contribute to climate change studies and provide ground validation for models and satellite sensors in the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS). In spring 2012, twenty-one sites were active worldwide; in addition, numerous temporary sites have been deployed in support of various field campaigns. Most MPLNET sites are colocated with the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites. In this paper, we present some preliminary results of the first effort by MPLNET to integrate other commercial UV lidars than MPL systems in the network. This would provide more dense observations and, when possible, take advantage of different wavelengths to study aerosol optical and microphysical properties. A Leosphere ALS-450 UV lidar was operated next to the standard MPLNET lidar and AERONET sunphotometer at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center from March to May 2012. These two different lidars will be, when possible, jointly deployed in support of the NASA SEACRS field campaign in summer 2012, to study aerosol impacts in South East Asia (SEA).


A series of deregulatory reforms have promoted accelerated equity issuance at the expense of adequate time for underwriter and market scrutiny. Today the majority of publicly listed companies can raise equity on a moment's notice, but many eligible issuers choose to allow additional time for scrutiny. We hypothesize that issuers with less favorable inside information (i.e. lower quality issuers) prefer to avoid the pre-issue scrutiny that could reveal their inside information and are therefore more likely to accelerate their offer. We find supportive evidence using measures of stock valuation and earnings quality as proxies for firm quality. The results suggest that investors are slow to capitalize the information embedded in the speed of issuance.


In June 2019, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices approved a change from its age-based 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine recommendations to a shared clinical decision-making process.


1 INTRODUCTIONCountercurrent chromatography(CCC)is a true liquid-liquid partition chromatographywhich totally eliminates the use of a solid support.Being a support-free system,themethod offers a number of advantages over other chromatographic methods byminimizing problems arising from the use of solid supports such as adsorptive loss andinactivation of samples,tailing of solute peaks,contamination,etc.In practice,CCCprovides its greatest advantage in preparative-scale separations where high-performanceliquid chromatography(HPLC)suffers loss of partition efficiency and high expenditure


The current plights of farmers' land rights in China are analyzed. They cover the vain installation of the security of farmers' land rights, vain position of the dominant role played by rural collective land, incomplete functions of rural collective land and the inadequate material assistance of farmers. The solutions for ensuring the security of farmers' land rights are put forward, in the first place, perfecting the legislation of guaranteeing farmers' land rights. In the second place, scientifically installing the rural land rights, which covers the following aspects, such as, clearly defining that the collective ownership of rural land belongs to farmers in law; clearly defining the main body of rural land property and eliminating the shortage of property rights; demarcating the range of public interests and clearly stipulating the reasonable compensation of main body of land expropriation. In the third place, villagers' autonomy should be perfected. In the forth place, standardizing the system of land expropriation, which includes the two aspects of normalizing the land transference procedure and the control of collecting land tax, and establishing fair compensation standard and normalizing land compensation procedure. In the fifth place, strengthening land transference and judiciary, and enforcing supervision; in the sixth place, accelerating the development of peasants' cooperative economic organizations and cultivating peasants' rights keeping organization. Through the discussion on the plights and solutions of farmers' land rights protection, the coordination of rural and urban development will be realized and a harmonious society will be built.


Samuel Furphy reviews Colonization and the Origins of Humanitarian Governance: Protecting Aborigines across the Nineteenth-Century British Empire by Alan Lester and Fae Dussart (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011)


The present invention relates to a three-dimensional molded product manufacturing apparatus and method for the molding material deformable, and the device housing in which a work area provided in the, storage for storing the molding material is provided in the apparatus housing tank and the stored supply from the crude a stack unit and a forming unit with the stack unit and the forming unit for processing the said molding material laminated on the work table for the injection is laminated on the work table provided in the interior of the device housing the molding material in the X axis direction is , Y-axis, and a drive unit for moving in a direction and the Z-axis direction, the stacking unit. In order to remain within a predetermined temperature range by measuring the molding material temperature is injected, and comprising a heating element and cooling adjacent to the nozzle for injecting the molding material, the nozzle is formed in which the cross section on both sides the central part drawn to the inside form It can be.


Acute injury to the intestinal mucosa is a major dose-limiting complication of abdominal radiation therapy. We studied the role of the transcription factor NF-κB in protection against radiation-induced apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium in vivo. We use mice in which NF-κB signaling through IκB-kinase (IKK)-β is selectively ablated in intestinal epithelial cells to show that failure to activate epithelial cell NF-κB in vivo results in a significant increase in radiation-induced epithelial cell apoptosis. Furthermore, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, which is normally a radioprotective agent, is radiosensitizing in IKKβ-deficient intestinal epithelial cells. Increased apoptosis in IKKβ-deficient intestinal epithelial cells was accompanied by increased expression and activation of the tumor suppressor p53 and decreased expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. These results demonstrate the physiological importance of the NF-κB system in protection against radiation-induced death in the intestinal epithelium in vivo and identify IKKβ as a key molecular target for radioprotection in the intestine. Selective preactivation of NF-κB through IKKβ in intestinal epithelial cells could provide a therapeutic modality that allows higher doses of radiation to be tolerated during cancer radiotherapy.


Authorware is the main software in making the present multi-media software,while the application of Authorware function is very complicated. In this paper,we introduce some methods for better understanding the function of Authorware.


Artificial arteriovenous (AV) fistulas were created by performing side-to-side anastomosis between the femoral arteries and the femoral veins of 10 dogs. Intraluminal venous grafts were then used to repair these fistulas. Venous grafts were harvested from the contralateral lower limbs. In five of these cases the distal end of the grafts were fixed with arteriotomy sutures whereas in the remaining five they were not. All the vessels were evaluated by intraoperative angiography before and after the procedure. The dogs were reoperated on to remove the repaired arterial and venous segments for histopathological examination 3 weeks after the operation. Graft thrombosis was detected in two of the cases, in which the distal ends of grafts were not fixed. The repaired arterial and venous flows were normal in the remaining eight dogs. In conclusion, AV fistulas were successfully repaired in these dogs by intraluminal venous grafts, like the aneurysms repaired by the "elephant trunk" method, and the venous grafts were found to be histopathologically well organized with the surrounding arteries.


The extractives of Anemone raddeane Regel were extracted by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction,and its saponin content was determined by spectorphotometry,using HClO4-vanilin staining method,to study the methods of extraction and determination in Anemone raddeane Regel.The best condition in supercritical CO2 fluid extraction:extracting pressure 30?MPa,extracting temperature 50?℃,extracting time 1.5?h,entrainer 95?%C2H5OH 20?%.The method is feasible,but the pretreatment will be made a further research.


1 This research is conducted under the FARM-TRAC (Family Farming, Regional Markets and Cross-Border Trade Corridors) project led by the Comité Inter-étatique de Lutte contre la Sècheresse au Sahel (CILSS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Association Ouest Africaine du Commerce Transfrontalier des produits Alimentaires, Agro-sylvo-pastoraux et Halieutiques (AOCTAH) / West African Association for CrossBorder Trade, in Agro-forestry-pastoral and Fisheries Products (WACTAF). The document has been produced with the financial assistance of IFAD (IFAD Grant number 2000002817). The findings, opinions, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IFAD, its Executive Board, its Members, or any Member State they represent. IFAD does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colours, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of IFAD concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Funding support is also provided by the US Agency for International Development (USAID). The views and opinions presented do not necessarily reflect those of CILSS, IFPRI, IFAD, or USAID.


Poetic Theology: God and the Poetics of Everyday Life. By William A. Dymess. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2011. Pp. xiii, 338. $26.00.As a child I would often pray for my favorite football team, the Denver Broncos, to win, and I was cautious of any action that might draw divine disfavor towards the team, such as missing a church service in order to watch the game. Did the relationship between my sporting devotion and my life of faith have any import beyond this? In his Poetic Theology: God and the Poetics of Everyday Life, William Dymess wants to answer, "Yes!"Poetic Theology is a work of cultural or apologetic theology; that is, it attempts "to develop theological categories, given to us by Scripture and tradition, in conversation with the contemporary cultural situation" (10). For Dymess, what stands out as a significant feature of the contemporary situation is the importance of self-styling practices through which individuals aim to fashion or make (poesis) a life that is pleasing, practices that range from arts involvement to gardening to sports mania. Dymess wants to take seriously these activities-activities that are precious to people and through which they obtain a sense of meaning-and to consider how this present situation relates to "the presence and purposes of God" (10).The work has a clear organization that presents the anatomy, genealogy, and practices of a poetic theology. The first three chapters lay out the structure and method for a poetic theology. The next four chapters selectively trace the past interaction of theology and aesthetics and provide the context for a poetic theology. The final three chapters present the possible applications of a poetic theology for the church, society, and theology.The first chapter introduces us to four "middle-class Americans," Adam, Lisa, Brad, and Sophia who, respectively, are passionate about football, skiing, fishing, and visual art. They serve as representative examples of the "aesthetic tum" in culture that has placed a premium on desire and individual self-styling (11-13). Taking this cultural phenomenon as a starting point, Dymess suggests that such contemporary expressions of desire, while certainly containing the dangers of narcissistic and hedonistic excess, can be appreciated by placing them in a creational and Trinitarian framework, and thereby can be turned into fruitful sites for dialogue.The second and third chapters aim to provide a theoretical framework that can support this approach of reading cultural forms for God's presence. Dymess attempts to retrieve the medieval Theologia Poetica via readings of Augustine, Italian humanists, and Calvin-in particular focusing on their understanding of symbolism and desire as means for leading one to Godand suggests that we view contemporary life-styling activities as symbolic practices that generate meaning, express one's identity, and elicit one's affections. These symbolic practices develop in dialogue with cultural products, especially the fine arts, which may function to draw one towards the "deeper reality" they point to (64). Dymess is keen to defend this positive cultural approach against critics who would cast a skeptical, if not defensive, eye towards modem secular culture, arguing that such attempts at distanced, analytic critique misconstrue the essential embeddedness of humans in a particular cultural context that not only shapes their beliefs and desires but also elicits a call for response and action. Instead, he asserts that the focus should be on how the basic human drive to shape a satisfying life of meaning out of the quotidian "reflects something of God's purposes for us, and finally is meant to move us to love and worship God" (90).But just when it seems contemporary culture is the greatest friend of theology, Dyrness's Reformed commitments emerge and call it into question: despite the beauty visible in the created and cultural order "we do not have direct access to God through this beauty" (94). …


China's paper industry in 2009 is reviewed,and China's paper industry developing trend in 2010 is analyzed.The increase of effective capacity of China's paper industry should rely on the structure adjustment,and the investment must pay attention to its feasibility.


Self-awareness theory and social identity theory both concern the impact of the self-concept on behaviour. Self-awareness theory addresses the process of individual self-regulation in terms of private and public standards. Self-focused attention increases the influence of these standards. Social identity theory presumes that the self can be designed in term s of social category membership. Intergroup behaviour ensues when these social identifications are salient. It is theorised that the public/private self-focus and social/personal identity distinctions are orthogonal. Focus on the private aspects of self may include a social identification and lead to intergroup behaviour.

Fenigstein, Scheier and Buss' (1975) Self-Consciousness Scale is assessed and discriminates reliably between private and public self-consciousness. The first experiments reveal no impact of self-awareness manipulations on intergroup ratings. In the next experiment, increased attention to social categorisation raises the amount and consistency of discrimination. The finding that private, but not public, self-focus reinforces social identification under relevant conditions also emerges in the next study.

Different standards for 'public' behaviour may prevail when different audiences observe, and 'private' standards may depend on identification with the group. In an experiment testing these propositions identification is accurately reflected only to an ingroup audience - a result which is replicated. In the final experiment, video feedback with an ingroup audience minimises, wheras that without maximises, ingroup bias, due to variations in the impact of different aspects of identity. Ingroup bias reflects identification only when private self-consciousness is high or public self-consciousness is low. Across experiments self-esteem reliably affects intergroup behaviour, and referent informational, rather than normative, influence predominates.

The social identification and self-awareness approaches are each enriched by the other. A model of identitifaction in group contexts and the view that behaviour may serve self-preserving motives are proposed. The conceptual and empirical ambiguity between 'salience' and 'attention' remain to be resolved.

These cognitive factors in intergroup behaviour may not have simple effects because other, social, factors, exert influences to alter their impact.


OBJECTIVE To optimize the extracting condition of Dihydromyricetin in Hovenia acerba Lindl.METHODS With the second hydrogen waxberry element standard substance as a comparison,with HPLC as detection measn,with the content of Dihydromyricetin as the test index,dihydromyricetin in Hovenia acerba Lindl was extracted by methanol reflux extraction method and extration technology was optimized by L9(34) orthogonal design experiments.RESULTS The optimal extracting condition was the following:10 times the amount of methanol extraction 3 times,2 hours every time.CONCLUSION The selectead process is scientific and reasonable,the operation is feasible and has a strong specificity.


Newton-Decline method x_(n+1)=x_n-ω_nf′~(-1)(x_n)f(x_n) is a traditional iterative method for solving nonlinear equation f(x)=0,has big range of convergence. It is necessary to research its convergent conditions.To make it more meaningful in general,by using dominating sequence method and choosing a common decline factor sequence {ω_n} under a more common condition,this paper proves the convergence of Newton-Decline method.This condition can be expressed as ‖f′~(-1)(x_0)f(x_0)‖≤β,‖f′~(-1)(x_0)f″(x_0)‖≤γ,‖f′~(-1)(x_0)(f″(x)-f″(y))‖≤∫~(‖x-y‖)_(0)L(u+‖x-x_0‖)du? while the condition has more common quality than traditional Kantorovich-kind conditions,mainly lying on the flexibility of the no reducible and positive function L(u),and it can adapt to much more environments.


The traditional view of the cause of Plotinus' death was leprosy. The analysis of the biographical sources, however, point to another hypothesis, that of "Cyprian's plague". The last months of Plotinus life and work coincided with the end of this great ancient pandemic and he produced four treatises, focused primarily on ethical problems. The last treatise, On the primal Good (1.7) is a short and concentrated meditation on the First Principle and the soul's ascent to it.


By increasing the Fresnel number of F of a ring cavity with photorefractive gain, the transition from a low F regime, where few modes compete in a regular or irregular sequence, to a high F regime, where many modes oscillate simultaneously giving rise to spatio-temporal chaos is shown. The transverse field is characterized by an increasing number of topological defects, whose mean separation is related to the spatial correlation length of the field.


The adsorption of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based polymer as an adsorbent was studied in a batch adsorptions experiments. Three types of adsorbent were synthesized, namely, β-CDCP-HMDI, β-CDCP-TDI and Si-TDI-βCD. The method was based on the complex reaction of Cr(VI) with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) in acidic solution loaded on β-CDCP-HMDI and β-CDCP-TDI and Si-TDI-βCD. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics of the three adsorbent were studied. Equilibrium isotherm was analyzed according to classic Langmuir and Freundlich model. It shows that the Langmuir isotherm is better in describing the adsorption process for adsorbent β-CDCP-HMDI, while Freundlich isotherm is better for β-CDCP-TDI and Si-TDI-βCD. In order to analyze the kinetics data, two kinetic model, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order were applied. It was found that the adsorption processes for all types of adsorbents followed second order kinetic. The thermodynamic parameters for the sorption have been evaluated. The thermodynamic study shows that the enthalpy (ΔH°) value is positive suggesting an endothermic nature of the adsorption and the negative value of free energy (ΔG °) indicated the spontaneous nature of adsorption.


Physiological features of pea seed germination under treatment with exogenous growth regulators based on biologically active substances were studied. Purpose. To investigate the influence of complex growth and development stimulators containing phytohormones and their analogs, Biosil and Gulliver Stimul, on the peculiarities of the seed germination processes and formation of the winter pea seedlings of the Moroz NS variety. Methods. Laboratory, measuring, weighing, quantitative, statistical. Results. The influence of aqueous solutions of growth regulators Biosil and Gulliver Stimul on the germination processes of winter pea seeds was analyzed. During research, it was established that the use of growth regulators contributes to the faster exit of seeds from the state of rest, which is illustrated by the active dynamics of germination. Treatment of winter pea seeds with growth regulators leads to an increase in germination energy by 10-12% and laboratory germination by 6-8% compared to the control. It was noted that the indicators of seed germination were sufficiently high in all samples, including control. The soaking in growth regulators solutions contributes to the 10-16 mg bigger swelling of seeds than in the control; better utilization of reserve compounds, and 38- 50 mg seed weight loss during germination. Phytohormones which are part of the preparations induced an increase in the development of the vegetative organs of pea seedlings, which was expressed in a rapid increase in the length of the shoot and root in experimental variants. The growth of the linear dimensions of the aboveground and underground parts of the seedlings was accompanied by the increase in the mass of raw material. Conclusions. Application of the Biosil and Gulliver Stimul composite plant growth regulators affects the processes of germination and the initial stages of growth of winter pea plants. Treatment of winter pea seeds with these preparations helps to improve seed germination and increase germination energy. The linear dimensions and mass of the raw matter of the roots and shoots of pea seedlings enlarged due to the influence of growth regulators. The maximum length of the root and shoot was observed under the use of Gulliver Stimul preparation


WHEN on April 22, 1915, the Germans launched their first gas attack, a wave of indignation and horror swept around the allied nations. Part of this feeling arose no doubt from the fact that Germany, in 1900, had pledged herself at The Hague not to use projectiles whose only object was to give out suffocating or poisonous gases; but possibly the main cause of the resentment was due to the unpreparedness of the Allies and the success of the method. A new weapon invariably excites panic, protest and recrimination until the protester adopts and endeavours to improve the device. As Admiral Mahan, of the United States Navy, pointed out, the reproach of cruelty and perfidy had been directed against gunpowder and in later days against torpedoes, each being used by both sides after the element of surprise was over. As a matter of historic fact, there was nothing new in the gas attack of April, 1915, except that the gas employed had been manufactured in chemical factories. "Smoking out" the enemy is a device as old as warfare. It was old in the Middle Ages, it was old in the Peloponnesian war in the fifth century B.C. It was used by Red Indians in intertribal fights and by them and against them in their contests with white men. After all, smoke is nothing more than a very effective chemical poison cloud. I am reminded of the vehement condemnation by many food reformers of the use of chemical preservatives in meat, despite the fact that they accepted as normal .the smoking of the flesh of bird, beast and fish, which is nothing more than the addition of a combination of chemical preservative substances. One undoubted fact of some interest seems to have escaped the notice of historians of poison gas, and that is the use of roasted Cayenne' pepper by the Mayans of Central America as a weapon of war. Now capsaicin, the active principle in "this smoke, renders air irrespirable in a concentration of one part in a hundred million, and this far exceeds the most potent poison gases evolved by the chemical ingenuity of the Germans or the Allies. During the Crimean War, in 1855, Lord Dundonald suggested that sulphur dioxide produced by the combustion of sulphur could be used against the Russians. Like a true politician, Lord Palmerston recommended that the idea be put into action by Lord Dundonald himself; if it failed the Government would not be blamed, whereas if it succeeded, all the better for the Allies and all the worse for Russia. However, a committee appointed to report on the suggestion stated that no honourable combatant could descend to such a procedure, and ordered the destruction of the documents. Very probably this committee, with good British political sagacity, realized that any gain arising from the use in battle of sulphur dioxide would be nullified and more than nullified by the indignation it would excite amongst civilized peoples. During the Boer War the distinguished chemist Sir William Ramsay advocated the use of acrolein in making enemy positions untenable without doing any physical damage to the sufferers. This suggestion was not taken seriously, though the British public learned that many Boers who had escaped injury from the explosions succumbed to the fumes of the picric acid shells with which they had been bombarded. Despite these earlier attempts and proposals, there is general agreement that the history of gas in war begins in April, 1915, and that the first gas was chlorine, and


We are not familiar with the long chain alkylguanidine which acts as a novel bactercide. The organic guanidine bactericide is summarized. Its application fields, synthesis method and developing foreground are emphasized.


To ensure high reliability and storage efficiency, erasure codes are preferred in storage systems. With the prevalent of distributed storage systems such as clouds storage, how to design a scalable and efficient erasure-resilient code is challenging. We propose a scalable binary linear code to keep up with data growth which has the following properties. Given the group size k and the code block length n, the proposed code corrects any two bit erasures among the n bits. The redundancy overhead of the code is 2/(k + 2), and each data bit affects exactly 2 parity bits. As results of these properties, if a data bit is changed or added, only two parity bits need to be updated; and the recovery of an erasured bit requires accessing at most k other bits and the recovery of two erasured bits requires at most 2k other bits. We give the construction algorithm by the order expansion of regular graphs; moreover, we optimize the failure resilience during the construction procedure. Compared with existing codes, our proposed code has notable benefits in storage scalability, redundancy overhead and I/O bandwidth. The deployment of the proposed code in distributed storage systems can be simple and practical.


The introductory chapter begins with a brief introduction to data envelopment analysis (DEA) and its origin, followed by the basic assumptions. Further, the concept of efficiency is introduced, through worked examples and graphs, to researchers unfamiliar with the technique. Finally, the basic models of DEA are provided for direct reference for those interested in efficiency evaluation, ranking, and benchmarking of decision-making units (DMUs).


While integrators tend to avoid 'home theatre in a box' style packages, this new system from pioneer could be ideal for budget conscious clients. Stephen Dawson explains.


The low-lying low-spin levels of $sup 94$Nb have been investigated; these levels were populated via the $sup 94$Zr(p,n$gamma$)$sup 94$Nb reaction with a separated isotope $sup 94$Zr foil target (96% $sup 94$Zr). Excitation functions of $gamma$ rays were obtained at incident proton energies from 1.688 to 3.700 MeV. $gamma$-$gamma$ coincidences were observed at E/subp/=3.0 MeV. The existence of additional levels at 301.5, 450.3, 666.2, and 785.0 keV has been established. Computed Hauser-Feshbach (p,n') cross sections have been fitted to experimental cross sections deduced from the $gamma$-ray data with the resulting best-fit spin-parities: 140.4-keV level, 2$sup -$; 301.5, 2$sup -$; 334.2, 3$sup +$; 396.3, 4$sup -$; and 450.3, 3$sup +$. (AIP)


We thank Dr Novikov et al for their letter on the risk of infections of patients with antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis and the proposed beneficial effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to reduce severe infections, as a response to our recently published article 'Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis prevents severe/life-threatening infections following rituximab in antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis'.1 2

Modern therapies and adoption of treatment protocols have improved outcome of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Morbidity and mortality, either attributable to the disease or immunosuppressive measures, remain a challenge for the treating physician. A recent meta-analysis of observational studies found a 2.7-fold increased risk of death with a trend towards improved mortality rates in more recent cohorts.3 Among patients recruited into the 'early trials' conducted by the European Vasculitis Society (EUVAS), 133 (25%) deaths were recorded over a median follow-up period of 5.2 years. Main causes for death were infections (48%) and active vasculitis (19%) in the first year, while infectious complications remained one of the leading complications leading to mortality (20%) thereafter. Moreover, infections were the leading contributing factor of mortality in this period.4 Several risk factors leading to infections have been identified in …


SUMMARY Results of radioactivation analyses for some 12 elements are given for silicon from two sources. The results of segregation coefficient measurements using radiochemical methods are quoted for P, Fe Co, W, and Au.


This research paper specifically targets the Indian Stock Market, The National Stock Exchange. Stock Market Prediction refers to understanding various aspects of the stock market that can influence the price of the stocks and based on these potential factors we built a Website/Application to predict the stock's price. We'll be using Python as a programming language to predict the prices, and in this paper, we propose a Machine Learning (ML) approach that will be trained from the available top 50 stocks of the NSE and gain intelligence and then use the acquired knowledge for an accurate prediction. This application with help the user to speculate the stock price trend and help him decide whether to buy or short the stock price to maximize their profit. You can expect to have a decent level of understanding of all the phenomenon and processes of stock market predictions and the associated technologies. This article will cover up topics such as how we created our predictive model and the most popular research methods used in the stock market, and advanced techniques used to predict stock prices using Machine learning. We will also discuss about the challenges and problems faced while creating such advanced predictive model.


This paper examines two theories about the effects of UN sanctions on trade flows between land neighbors of the target country and the rest of the world. First, there have been claims that sanctions hurt neighbor countries by cutting off trading routes, increasing transportation costs, and disrupting established trading ties. We would expect that a neighbor's trade with the rest of the world would fall, as a result. Second, there is extensive evidence that neighbors have been heavily involved in smuggling. As a result, neighbors should trade more with the rest of the world during UN trade embargoes, because now they also trade on behalf of the target. I employ the gravity model of international trade to show that, overall, a neighbor's trade with the rest of the world tends to fall during UN sanctions episodes. This confirms the first claim above: overall, land neighbors have been "innocent bystanders" hit by UN sanctions.


Abstract
 Dicotyledonous plant is a plant that has the characteristic that transporter tissue files are in a loop, while monocot plants are plants that have the characteristic that the tissue transporter beam spread. Morphological differences between plants dicots and monocots can be seen from the roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Dicotyledonous plants rooted riding, rod cambium, pinnate leaves and flower jewelry section consisting of 2, 4, 5 or multiples thereof. Monocot fibrous roots, stems not cambium, leaves curved, parallel, flower jewelry section consists of 3 or multiples thereof. The research was conducted on Sunday, May 15, 2016, in the Serdang Menang village, Sirah Pulau Padang, Ogan Komering Ilir. Tools and materials used are stationery and notepads. Number of dicotyledonous plants located in the village of Serdang Menang totaling 94 species, while the monocot plants totaling 30 species were found. Total comparison 75, 8% (plants dikotil) and 24, 2% (plants monocots).


The military career demands a minimum physical condition from your professionals, enough for the acting of specific military functions, demanding a healthy body composition, as well as, levels of strength appropriate. Therefore, the objective of that study was to verify the body composition and the levels of students' of the Preparatory Nucleus of Officials of the Reserve (NPOR) strength of Joao Pessoa-PB.  The sample was composed by 40 students of the NPOR, with ages between 19 and 22 years, of the which it was collected data of the variables manual and lumbar strength, Body Mass, Stature and 10 different skinfolds. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated, Thin Body Mass, Suitable Body Mass, Need to Put on weight, Need of Weigh loss, Body Density and Percentile of Fat. For the treatment of the data was used descriptive statistics (SPSS 10.0). As principal results we found: the average of the individuals' BMI was considered normal (22,37kg/m2), the percentile of fat obtained through the somatorio of skinfolds it also presented normal results (14,77%); 85% of the body weightl refer to the thin body mass, however if we consider the value of Thin Body Mass Suitable, we noticed that the subject of the study are on average 10,42 kg below the weight, fact that also contemplated in the need of putting on weight; prevalence of the strength exists in larger degree in the first attempt, and the same decreases in relation to the number of measures, a measured them of larger strength manual they are in the right that reveals a prevalence of strength of this hand, however, the military ones would be classified as weak in relation to strength of manual press in the right and very weak in the left hand. It can be concluded that the body composition of the military  appraised is normal, already in relation to the levels of strength the need of a special attention once the results are considered below the healthy zone.


This article provides with a kind of research on integrated network laboratory building.This proposal offers students a kind of true environment to enhance their manipulative and innovation ability and lays the foundation for their future work.


Abstract|MAKING WEB SITE TOP SERVINGS NU- SANTARA USING MACROMEDIA DREAMWEAVER MX Dwi Widiyanti Undergraduate Program, 2011 Gu- nadarma University http://www.gunadarma.ac.id Key Words: Website, cuisine, Macromedia Dreamweaver MX ABSTRACT : Top dish recipes archipelago is a site which at present attract attention among the lovers of typical Indone- sian dish widely publicized through the media, especially television, competitions, and others. So I created this web- site which focuses on a particular province in Indonesia ie 24 regions / provinces, for example: Aceh, Bali, Irian Jaya, and much more, then the region / province of origin has a dierent recipe but it is also the author adds Galery, as well as a brief explanation of the information area / province. Visitors can also enjoy a music that exists. Top Website Serving the archipelago provides information about typical regional dishes Indonesia which can be quickly and easily by searching on the internet. In scienti c writing, discusses how to create a simple Web site is also interesting cuisine. Making website uses Macromedia Dreamweaver MX pro- gram is a program which is a professional application has the advantage in the Visual HTML editing and managing the website and the pages and easy to operate and Internet Explorer 5.0 as your browser. And of course the website can be modi ed at a later date


In this paper we present a modification to the standard two- alternative forced-choice (2AFC) experiment in an attempt to help the human detect signals by providing redundant information. We call the old experiment 2AFC_RAW, and the new experiment, 2AFC_FILTER. In the 2AFC_FILTER experiment, we provide the observer with the pair of raw data images (as in 2AFC_RAW) plus filtered versions of the raw data. The thought behind this modification is that the human might benefit from generic pre-processing of the data into multiple images, each extracting different information. We defined two different 2AFC_FILTER experiments, each using Laguerre-Gauss functions as the filters. The difference between the two was their defining Gaussian envelope. We tested human performance given a variety of image classes with the 2AFC_RAW and the two 2AFC_FILTER experiments. The same raw data were used in each. We found that there was a significant human performance increase from the 2AFC_RAW to the 2AFC_FILTER experiment. It was also seen that the choice of the filters made a difference. Specifically, human performance was better when the Gaussian envelope of the Laguerre-Gauss functions matched the signal.


This paper investigates the consensual foundations of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) in light of the recent Pechstein saga in front of the German courts. It argues that a realist take on CAS arbitration must lead, contrary to the BGH's finding in the Pechstein case, to the conclusion that the competence of CAS cannot be grounded on the consent of athletes. Instead, the article suggests that forced CAS jurisdiction can be justified by post-consensual foundations, such as efficiency, proximity and equality. However, the post-consensual nature of CAS arbitration should also entail an urgent focus on a democratization of the CAS.


PURPOSE
To compare the effects of equivalent weight loss induced by two bariatric surgical techniques on insulin action in severely obese patients.

METHODS
Eighteen nondiabetic patients with severe obesity (mean [± SD] body mass index: 53.5 ± 9 kg/m2) and 20 sex- and age-matched lean subjects (body mass index: 23.8 ± 3 kg/m2) underwent metabolic studies, including measurement of insulin sensitivity by the insulin clamp technique. Patients then underwent either vertical banded gastroplasty with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or biliopancreatic diversion and were restudied at 5-6 months and again at 16-24 months postsurgery.

RESULTS
At baseline, patients were hyperinsulinemic (194 ± 47 pmol/L vs 55 ± 25 pmol/L, p < .0001), hypertriglyceridemic (1.56 ± 0.30 mmol/L vs 0.78 ± 0.32 mmol/L, p < .0001), and profoundly insulin resistant (insulin-mediated glucose disposal: 20.8 ± 4.4μ mol/min/kg fat-free mass vs 52 ± 10.1 μmol/min/kg, p < .0001) as compared with controls. Weight loss by the 2 procedures was equivalent in both amount (averaging -53 kg) and time course. In the gastric bypass group, insulin sensitivity improved (23.8± 6 μmol/min/kg at 5 months and 33.7 ± 11.3 μmol/min/kg at 16 months, p < .01 vs baseline and controls). In contrast, in the biliopancreatic diversion group, insulin sensitivity was normalized already at 6 months (52.5 ± 12.4 μmol/min/kg, p = .72 vs controls) and increased further at 24 months (68.7 ± 9.5 μmol/min/kg, p < .01 vs controls), despite a persistent obese phenotype (body mass index 33.2 ± 8 kg/m2).

CONCLUSIONS
In surgically treated obese patients, insulin sensitivity improves in proportion to weight loss with use of predominantly restrictive procedures (gastric bypass) but is reversed completely by predominantly malabsorptive approaches (biliopancreatic diversion) long before normalization of body weight. Selective nutrient absorption and gut hormones may interact with one another in the genesis of the metabolic abnormalities of obesity.


The influence of four host fruits, orange (Citrus sinensis L.), papaya (Carica papaya L.), mango (Mangifera indica L.) and apple (Malus domestica Borkh) on oviposition behavior of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) was evaluated. Experiments were carried out on two C. capitata laboratory-reared populations: one with artificial diet for 10 years with periodic introduction of wild flies and other reared with artificial diet for 20 years without wild flies introduction. In acceptance experiments two pieces of a single fruit type were exposed to a group of 10 females; after 48 hours, these were changed by two new pieces of the same fruit type, and, in the end of the fourth day, the experiments were concluded. In preference experiments, two pieces of different fruits were offered to the females. These experiments were driven under the same conditions of the acceptance ones. Acceptance and preference experiments for both populations showed the following choice hierarchy: papaya > mango > orange > apple. The acceptance experiments showed no differences in the number of eggs/female/day laid in the first 48 hours and in the last 48 hours of the experiments. The amount of eggs in the two pieces of fruits offered to the females was similar. In spite of the two populations present similar behavior in relation to host hierarchy, the number of laid eggs was different, being larger for the population reared without wild flies introduction.


Introduction: From 'The Cinematograph' To 'The Pictures' 1: The Cinema of Narrative Integration, The End of Impressionism, and the Rise of Modernism 2: Cinema's Continuous Present and Modernist Temporality 3: Mass Consciousness and Mass Cinema 4: The Picture Personality and The Modernist Turn to Epic Afterword: "A Picture Feverishly Turned"


To improve the active safety of drive, reduce the traffic accidents, a vehicle information real-time monitoring system based on wireless network technologies is proposed and implemented. In the monitoring system, a multiple data exchange protocol is designed to communicate with wireless camera, OBD information acquisition module, acceleration sensor and GPS. The system can monitor the video information around vehicles, malfunction of ECU, running information and the location information of vehicles. Experiments showed that this monitoring system is effective and real-time.


With China's rapid economic development,the transportation and the economic development uncoordinated degree are getting more and more serious,specially in our country's metropolis circle area.From the experience of the overseas metropolis circle municipal transportation development,the mass transit is the best method which tackled traffic jams.In our country,the development of Intercity Rail Transit is the strategy of sustainable development required,is to play the advantage, and promote the modernization process necessary,but also adjust the distribution of productive forces,accelerating economic development needs.Intercity Rail Transit completed,will greatly facilitate inter-city residents travel.In this paper,China's Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Intercity Rail Transit automation system as the research object to the system as a guide,on inter-city rail transportation automation systems a number of issues were studied.The main contents are as follows:Intercity Rail Transit automation systems research significance,characteristics,content,construction,trend of development.


Some regulations of issues concerning the adjudication of tourism disputes by the Supreme People's Court come into force on Nov.1,2010.This judicial interpretation comprehensively distinguishes their own legal responsibilities from the tour operators,tourism auxiliary service provider and tourists,for the breach of travel contracts or tort.It embodies the focus of protecting tourists rights,reiterates relevant regulations of the Consumer Protection Law;meanwhile,it decreases obligations and responsibilities of the tour operators,protects the legitimate rights and interests of the tourism industry;in addition,it clears the relevant responsible problems in the tourism operation activities.In order to effectively evade legal risks,it has great realistic meaning for the tourism management to fully comprehend and employ this explanation.


Because the single feature cannot obtain the satisfactory classification result,and the SVM has the good classification performance with small training sample,this paper proposed a novel method based on the several target decomposition methods and PolSAR classification method based on SVM.First,it decomposed the original PolSAR image into corresponding component information by various target decomposition methods.Then in the basis of feature extraction,it applied the SVM to the PolSAR image classification.By choosing different feature information as the SVM input data and comparing the classification results,the optimal feature information combination could be obtained.Using the NASA/JPL laboratory AIRSAR system data as the experiment data,this paper made a comparison between the proposed method and the Wishart supervised classification to test the performance of the proposed method.The result verifies the proposed method is effective.And then,the paper carried out a further investigation on the comparison among the proposed method,Wishart/H/α method and fuzzy C-means H/α method,it indicates that the proposed method has good classification performance.


Composting is a dynamic and delicately coordinated process of rapid successive actions of a number of microbial colonies.Through analysis of large volumes of information and field research,this article introduced the development and research setbacks in microorganismic composting process.The succession of microbial community,selection and application of organic material microorganismic biodegradation and application of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) were used to study microbes in composting.The main restricting factors were experimentation method and complexity of microbial colonies.It is concluded that emphasis should be placed on the utilization of molecular biological methods in studying composting,and also on highly efficient,complex and stable microbial communities to degrade more than one kind organic material.Microbial community should be selected and constructed based on relationships among microbes to enhance adaptability to the complex conditions of composting in order to attain community dominance.


Economic globalization is not only the market exchange because productive factors have a nature of lost cost.In order to make our economy be in the equal economic position during the globalization,we should make some regulations to reduce the influence caused by lost cost.


Many people seeking mental health services, particularly the poor and socially disadvantaged, have difficulty coping with the bureaucratic structures that often develop in community mental health centers. Recognizing the problem, the Mount Carmel Guild Community Mental Health Center has trained selected residents of the catchment area to serve as counselors or ombudsmen for patients. They make sure the patient receives appropriate services and deal with the center's bureaucracy on the patient's behalf. The author describes the counselors' work and the advantages of the approach.


TO all Friends every where, dwell in the truth, and walk in the love of the truth, in patience, and every one in your measure keep your habitations, and learn that good lesson of Jesus Christ, to be low and meek in heart, giving no occasion to the adversary by evil doing. But walk all honestly and uprightly; for the upright and meek in heart know God, and God delights in the upright and righteous. And walking in uprighteousness, ye will be bold as lions, resisting the wicked with your spiritual weapons, not by bloody hands, as the wicked are tearing and rending the just that dwell in the truth. For the lions want, and hunger, and rage; but ye that fear the Lord, shall want no good thing; and they that wait upon the Lord, he will give them their hearts desire. I witness the words of the Lord to be true, praised be his name! Oh! Friends, dwell in the fear of the Lord, and take heed of presumption, that your minds run not out into vanity and lightness, that the world may not take occasion, and the truth suffer. But every one keep your habitation where God hath called you; and take heed of deceit, and form nothing in your own wills or minds, but grow up in the inner man, (putting off the old man with his deeds,) as trees of right eousness, which the Lord hath planted, growing in wisdom and understanding to do the will of God, and not your own wills. He that doth the will of God, abideth in that which


Various kinds of necroses found in bud tissues of hosts (chestnut trees) were caused by oviposition and consequent gall formation by chestnut gall wasps. Necroses resulted from resisting reaction against parasites were initiated in parenchymatous tissues around vascular bundles which intervened between gall and normal tissues, and were classified as Type III. In the case of reaction of Type III, the acidic pigments failed to transfer into galls, though they were artificially applied to be absorbed through the cut surface of stems.Tannic substances stained with FeCl3 were scarcely found in gall tissues of resistant varieties. A small quantity of them were observed in the xylem and phloem of the host tissues but they were abundant in the parenchymatous tissues surrounding the vascular bundle system of normal tissues. The stainability was intensified not only in necrotic tissues and their adjacencies but also in the boundary regions of both gall and normal tissues. In the galls of susceptible varieties there were cells containing more tannins stained with FeCl3. Such a reaction was not observed in the nutritive cell layer which probably functioned as a source of diet for the parasites and was not intensified in the boundary regions of gall and normal tissues.Reaction of catechol tannins to the vanillin-HCl reagent was marked in nearby cells of the necrotic regions and in tissues which were later expected to produce browning. In contranst with this phenomenon, gall tissues and developing leaves which might produce galls after the oviposition of wasps did not exhibit any vanillin-HCl reaction. Thus, it seems likely that catechol tannins can be regarded as polyphenols formed as a result of resisting reaction against the parasite.Prior to the production of browning, cells which could be stained with Sudan Black B appeared in the affected area. Cells reacting to the Schiff′s or phloroglucin-HCl reagents were observed in the same area, also.Differences of gall weight depended on two strains of causal gall wasps; one produced spring galls (Kuritama) in resistant varieties and the other did not. Survival rates of the two strains were the same, and polyphenolic reaction to FeCl3 was not detected in the larval bodies of the two strains studied.


Until recently, women's institutions and their inmates have received little attention in the literature on prisons. This neglect in part stems from the fact that over time women have comprised but a small fraction of the total prisoner population. Yet it is also the product of two common assumptions: that the development of the women's prison system and experiences of its inmates closely resemble those of men; or that, if different, the evolution of the women's prison system and female experience of incarceration are irrelevant to mainstream penology just because they can shed little light on the nature of the prison system as a whole. Neither assumption is correct. During the first stage in the development of the women's prison system (1790-1870), female penal units outwardly resembled male penitentiaries, but in some respects their inmates received inferior care. During the second stage (1870-1935), strenuous and often successful efforts were made to establish an entirely new type of prison, the women's reformatory, in which women would receive care more appropriate to their "feminine" nature. Yet by institutionalizing differential treatment, the reformatories legitimated a tradition of providing care that, from our current perspective, was inherently unequal. In the third stage (1935 to the present), the women's prison system continued to evolve in ways which perpetuated the older traditions of differential treatment. The women's prison system is not, then, merely a miniature version of that for men. Nor is the history of the incarceration of women irrelevant to understanding of the prison system as a whole. The older, questionable generalizations, however, may be safely replaced with another: despite variations in its causes and character, the fact of differential care of female prisoners has remained a constant across time in this country.


During the polymerization of aniline in aqueous solution, different organic solvents such as DMF, DMSO and THF were added. The influenceof organic solvents on the polymerization of polyaniline on the conductivity and elemental analysis were studied. These study had been investigated using FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, which attest that the usage of organic solvents is helpful for the increase of the doping level of the resulting PANI. The rate of polymerization increased when THF was used as a solvent for polyaniline


There was a total of 40568 deaths during the perinatal period recorded in 1985. This figure included 18703 late fetal deaths (28 or more weeks of gestation) and 21865 early infant deaths (under 7 days). The perinatal mortality rate continued its long-term downward trend and reached a low of 10.7 deaths/1000 live births and fetal deaths down from the rate of 11 in 1984. The perinatal mortality rate shows no evidence of slowing. As in previous years blacks had a higher perinatal mortality rate (17.4) than whites (9.6). The race differential widened between 1981 and 1985 because the rate of decline for the white population (15%) exceeded that of the black population (10%). The widening was present in both the fetal and neonatal components of perinatal mortality. Males continued to experience higher perinatal mortality than did females. The nonmetropolitan perinatal mortality rate was higher than the metropolitan rate for both blacks and whites.


Abstract In the study of popular music, much attention is given to the cover version, a performance of a song filled with reference to and even commentary upon previous performances. Analysis of cover versions tends to reveal a lot about the performers and performances but very little about the work being performed. Because different versions of a song may vary widely, it is often difficult to determine what precisely is 'the work' in the first place, especially in the absence of a score. Using an original analytical apparatus, the pitch-prevalence contour, and using Jimmy Webb's 'Didn't We' as a case study, this essay attempts to quantify the 'core components' of a song, the parts of a song that are retained in most if not all of its versions. It is through the analysis of various performances, seeking similarities, that one is able to see the essence of the song revealed. What is more, isolating these components simultaneously brings the differences in the performances into greater relief. The methodology thus separates the singer and the song.


The pressure on schools to improve and to raise achievement continues to be a dominant issue in both school and government policies. School Effectiveness and School Improvement seeks to develop the debate further, providing academics and practitioners alike with a summary and discussion of research on school effectiveness and school improvement up to the present; new perspectives on these fields, developed from other traditions of thinking and research; a consideration of the role of organization theory; an integrated view of these current perspectives; and clear, practical implications for policy and practice."


. In metric spaces, a set is Bourbaki-bounded if and only if every real- valued uniformily continuous function on it is bounded. In this article, we study Bourbaki-boundedness on quasi-pseudometric spaces. It turns out that if a set is Bourbaki-bounded on a symmetrized quasi-pseudometric space, then it is Bourbaki-bounded in the quasi-metric space but the converse need not to be true. We show that an asymmetric normed space is Bourbaki-bounded if and only if it is bounded. Consequently, we prove that every real-valued semi-Lipschitz in the small function on a quasi-metric space is bounded if and only if the quasi-metric is Bourbaki-bounded. This article extends some results from Beer and Garrido's paper [2] from the metric point of view to the context of quasi-metric spaces.


The child is a developing organism whose growth is expressed by behaviors or ways of doing things, ranging from simple reflex to voluntary act, this is due to progressive structuring of the CNS. It is known that in syndromic children, this maturation occurs later, causing a delay in the loss of primitive reflexes and reactions, which consequently lead to a delay in development areas. Therefore, the stimulation is of paramount importance since the first months of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the motor development of infants (3-36 months) with Down syndrome. It is a descriptive and diagnostic APAE with 6 children - Parents and Friends of Exceptional Sunbeam Lages - SC 6 children, 1 female and 5 male. The children were assessed using the Psychomotor Development Scale Early Childhood Lezine and Brunet (1981) which assesses four areas of infant motor development, resulting in chronological age (CA), age of development (ID), negative age (IN) development and the ratios (DR) in the areas of posture (P), oculomotor (O), language (L), socialization (S) and global (G). The results were tabulated on an SIMODE, developed for this scale by Souza and Rosa Neto (2002), with the final result of a low normal range, 10 to 19 lower much lower in these areas. After data analysis it was concluded that infants with Down syndrome have deficits in all areas of development, with greater deficits in language and socialization, became evident the need for early intervention and stimulation to enable them to develop their skills not so late.


Purpose and scope: The Meadowbrook artificial-recharge project, a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Nassau County Department of Public Works (NCDPW) since 1975, is intended to demonstrate the feasibility of using reclaimed wastewater to replenish and improve the quality of Long Island's ground water. This report presents the results of geologic, hydrologic, and hydrochemical studies that were done at the Meadowbrook artificial-recharge site to define conditions prevailing before the start of recharge operations.


The fifteenth session of the Economic and Social Council met at United Nations headquarters in New York from March 31 to April 28, 1953. Mr. Raymond Scheyven (Belgium) was elected President, Mr. Rodolfo Munoz (Argentina) first vice-president and Mr. Henryk Birecki (Poland) second vicepresident. After a proposal by the United States that discussion of a Soviet motion to seat the representative of the Central Government of the People's Republic of China be adjourned for the duration of the session had been adopted by a vote of 14 to 4, the Council turned to consideration of an agenda of some 29 items.