large number of suggestions for programs which may grow out of the regular work of the classroom. Chapters entitled "Extracurricular Activities" and "Special Days" provide suggestions for motivation of the informal, non-classroom activities. The author's wide contact with secondary schools has made it possible for him to incorporate many practical examples which have stood the test of actual school production and to limit the list to programs which meet the educational criteria set up in the opening chapters. A unique feature of the book is an Assembly Program Rating Scale, which provides for an estimation of the various qualities of a program under the main headings of "Material," "Presentation," and "Estimated Value in Achieving .... Purposes." The author suggests a use of the scale either by a committee or by vote of the student body in evaluating programs produced by the various classes or organizations. Such use should serve both to clarify the thinking of school people as to the educational ends that the assembly may serve and to focus the attention of the school on qualities judged desirable. The treatment as a whole is complete, readable, and convincing. The essential theme-that the assembly is a whole-school experience in which the entire student body shares-is one with which the thoughtful student of education will agree. McKown's volume is easily the most serviceable book which has appeared in the discussion of this important field of school activity. EDGAR G. JOHNSTON UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN


With the continuous increase in the penetration of renewable energy resources, such as wind power, into power grids, fluctuations in power output introduce significant challenges to the power grid's safe and reliable operation. The hybridization of energy storage technologies effectively stabilizes fluctuations from wind power. This paper proposes a hybrid energy storage control strategy based on an adaptive wavelet decomposition and fuzzy control theory. Firstly, to meet the fluctuation requirements for the power output from wind farms, a wavelet packet decomposition approach is used to determine the grid-connected wind power and power allocation for different energy storage techniques by considering the power output characteristics and lifecycles. Secondly, the use of prediction results from the energy storage power output combined with a two-layer fuzzy controller enables advanced control of the energy storage system and optimal operation of the power output for different types of energy storage systems. The results show that the proposed strategy can effectively be applied to suppress the second-level wind power fluctuations and allocate the output of the hybrid energy storage system. Furthermore, this approach eliminates possible limit violation phenomena while operating the energy storage device to achieve optimal coordination for different energy storage systems considering the lifecycles of the energy storage device.With the continuous increase in the penetration of renewable energy resources, such as wind power, into power grids, fluctuations in power output introduce significant challenges to the power grid's safe and reliable operation. The hybridization of energy storage technologies effectively stabilizes fluctuations from wind power. This paper proposes a hybrid energy storage control strategy based on an adaptive wavelet decomposition and fuzzy control theory. Firstly, to meet the fluctuation requirements for the power output from wind farms, a wavelet packet decomposition approach is used to determine the grid-connected wind power and power allocation for different energy storage techniques by considering the power output characteristics and lifecycles. Secondly, the use of prediction results from the energy storage power output combined with a two-layer fuzzy controller enables advanced control of the energy storage system and optimal operation of the power output for different types of energy storage system...


We present the first draft whole-genome sequence for the Parmales (Bolidophyceae, Heterokonta), a picoplanktonic sister group of diatoms, using a Triparma laevis f. inornata strain that was isolated from the Oyashio region in the western North Pacific Ocean. ABSTRACT We present the first draft whole-genome sequence for the Parmales (Bolidophyceae, Heterokonta), a picoplanktonic sister group of diatoms, using a Triparma laevis f. inornata strain that was isolated from the Oyashio region in the western North Pacific Ocean.


We propose to realize ultra-wideband polarization conversion metasurfaces in microwave regime through multiple plasmon resonances. An ultra-wideband polarization conversion metasurface is designed using a double-head arrow structure and is further demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. Four plasmon resonances are generated by electric and magnetic resonances, which lead to bandwidth expansion of cross-polarization reflection. The simulated results show that the maximum conversion efficiency is nearly 100% at the four plasmon resonance frequencies and a 1:4 3 dB bandwidth can be achieved for both normally incident x- and y-polarized waves. Experimental results agree well with simulation ones.


Photosensitive electrophotographic drum unit (B), which can be used with the main set of an electrophotographic imaging device, the main assembly including a drive shaft (180) driven by a motor, which has a force application part of rotation, in which said electrophotographic detachment unit can be disassembled from the main assembly in a disassembly direction substantially perpendicular to the axial direction (L3) of the drive shaft, said electrophotographic drum unit comprising: i) a photosensitive electrophotographic drum (107) which it has a photosensitive layer (107b) on a peripheral surface thereof, said photosensitive electrophotographic drum can rotate about an axis (L1) thereof; ii) a coupling element (150) that can rotate about an axis (L2) thereof that can be coupled with the drive shaft (180) to receive a rotational force of the application part of the deriving force, to make rotating said photosensitive electrophotographic drum (107), said coupling element being arranged at the axial end of said photosensitive electrophotographic drum (107), such that said coupling element (150) is capable of adopting an angular position of transmission of the force of substantially coaxial rotation with said axis (L1) of said photosensitive electrophotographic drum (107) to transmit the rotational force to rotate said photosensitive electrophotographic drum (107) to said photosensitive photophotographic drum (107) and an angular disassembly position in which said coupling element (150) is inclined away from the axis (L1) of said photosensitive electrophotographic drum (107 ) from said angular position of transmission of the rotational force to disassemble the coupling element (150) from the drive shaft (180) in which said photosensitive electrophotographic drum unit (B) is adapted such that when said unit (B ) of the photosensitive electrophotographic drum is disassembled from the main assembly in the direction of disassembly substantially perpendicular to the axis (L1) of said photosensitive electrophotographic drum (107), said coupling element (150) moves from said angular transmission position of the added rotational force angular position of disassembly.


Patient. —Boy, aged 6, of German parentage. History. —Father of a very nervous temperament; mother subject to chronic stomach trouble and constipation. No history of any hemorrhagic diathesis. Patient had mild attacks of spinal meningitis when five months old but made rapid and good recovery. Never seriously ill since, though he had frequently had mild attacks of indigestion accompanied by fever, lasting a day or two. Extremely nervous temperament and very active physically. Never had rheumatism of any form. For the past two or three weeks patient had complained at various times of pains in the ankles, knees and elbows, accompanied by slight swelling, tenderness on pressure but no redness. This condition would persist for a few hours and then disappear. A week before I saw him a rash, in all respects similar to the one described below, but discrete, appeared on both legs and thighs. This gradually faded until


We show that LaFe4Sb12 is a ferromagnetic quantum critical point system and that CeFe4Sb12 is a moderate heavy fermion compound. This is supported by our thermoelectric and thermodynamic experiments under magnetic field on both compounds, and a comparison with other physical properties of these compounds. For LaFe4Sb12, the quenching of the ferromagnetic spin fluctuations explains both the negative magnetothermopower and the decrease in the electronic heat capacity under magnetic field. We propose that the negative magnetothermopower is a generic property of compounds with ferromagnetic spin fluctuations when the diffusion term by spin fluctuations dominates at low temperature. On the other hand these critical ferromagnetic fluctuations are smeared out in CeFe4Sb12 due to the antiferromagnetic coupling between the d electrons of Fe and the 4f electron of Ce. As a result, CeFe4Sb12 is a moderate heavy fermion compound with Kondo temperature TK of about 80 K, which is consistent with the fact that cerium is almost trivalent in this material, and the partially screened magnetic moment of the cerium ions at TTk is 0.3B. Finally, in both compounds, the power laws observed at low temperature in the lattice thermal conductivity l could be explained by electron-phonon scattering.


ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence the decisions of Muslim entrepreneurs in using Islamic bank financing products and their influence on Business performance in MSMEs. The variables studied were religious factors, service quality, accessibility, reference groups, promotions, profit sharing systems and attitudes towards fatwas. The research method used is the factor analysis method (Exploratory Factor Analysis) and multiple linear regression. sampling technique is non-probability sampling (incidental sampling) that is equal to 70 people with assumptions considered sufficient to represent the population, while the method of collecting data through questionnaires.The results showed thatthere are 2 (two) main factors that determine the behavior of entrepreneurs in using Islamic bank financing, namely external drives (promotion, accessibility, reference groups, and attitudes to the bank system), and internal references (religion, service quality, and profit sharing system). Profit sharing system is the most important factor for customers in deciding to use Islamic bank financing products. The factors of using these financing products have a significanth effect on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Southeast Sulawesi, IndonesiaKeywords : Muslim  Entrepreneurs, Sharia Banks and Business


CENTRALIZED TRAFFIC CONTROL (CTC) is a system which controls the movement of trains. One train dispatcher, located at a central point, can manipulate the position of track switches and the indication of track signals through the use of a series of push buttons. It is the position of the track switches and the signal indications which govern the progress of the trains through the CTC system. A schematic of a section of single track with a siding and a section of double track is shown in Exhibit I. The CTC Simulation is a model of the train movements through a CTC system.


hydro-junction of Hada mountain is in the frozen soil region,solving antifreeze to eliminate structure deformation failure is the primary problem.By experimental proof,using channel insulating and antifreezing can effectively solve the problem of soil frost heaving,and play a very important role in improving engineering quality and prolonging engineering life.In this paper,through a freezing period of field observations,according to the site laying insulation board of different thickness has greatly effect on reducing channel frost heave and improving channel temperature,Increased substrate temperature and provide reasonable design scheme and reasonable thickness of polystyrene board for other channels in this region,thus in greatly degree can improve channel frost heave phenomenon.


Article 55 of China Antimonopoly Law is the core of external system which deals with the conflict between IPR and AML.Although Article 55 looks like the exceptional act,it should not be interpreted as the restricted act,but the explanatory act which underlies the IPR practice should be divided as the legal one and illegal one from the perspective of AML.Article 55 contents no constitutive?requirements,and it can not be applied directly to make the judgment on the lawfulness of one specific IPR practice,which should be judged directly by the general acts of AML.Article 55 underlies the ideal of equity related to the conflict between IPR and AML,and claims that the AML agency should assume the duty on the implementation of such equity.


The presence of sea clutter introduces error in weather radar observations over sea. Since the characteristics of sea clutter are different from stationary ground clutter, conventional clutter mitigation techniques produce unsatisfactory results. Hence, study of sea clutter properties and its mitigation is important. Over the last few decades, various research communities have studied and modelled sea clutter using different statistical distributions. This paper discusses identification of sea clutter in a weather radar using fuzzy logic technique. Time series data from an C-band dual-pol weather radar has been used to identify sea clutter in presence of precipitation. Spectral properties and distributions of sea clutter are also studied and a modified GMAP technique has been implemented for the sea clutter suppression.


This paper reports the analysis procedure and results of simultaneous spectral fits of the Suzaku archive data for Sagittarius (Sgr) A East and the nearby Galactic center X-ray emission (GCXE). The results are that the mixed-morphology supernova remnant Sgr A East has a recombining plasma (RP) with Cr and Mn He$\alpha$ lines, and a power-law component (PL) with an Fe I K$\alpha$ line. The nearby GCXE has a $\sim$1.5-times larger surface brightness than the mean GCXE far from Sgr A East, although the spectral shape is almost identical. Based on these results, we interpret that the origins of the RP and the PL with the Fe I K$\alpha$ line are past big flares of Sgr A$^*$.


Veneers were electroless nickel plated to make them posses electroconductivitiy and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. Their electroconductivity and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness were evaluated by measuring surface resistivity and by using EMSE with net analyzer. The results showed that electroconductivity of nickel-plated veneer was improved with the increase of deposited metal amounts,but it is of anisotropy,the electroconductivity parallel to the fiber direction was greater than that across the fiber,and the anisotropy appeared more clearly when the deposited metal amounts were less. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the veneer was improved with the increase of electroconductivitiy caused by the increase of deposited metal amounts. Experiment results also showed the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the nickel-plated veneer could reach 30~60dB.


Technology (including mobiles and computers) has become a basic, indispensable need in our daily life. With an initial purpose of achieving basic functions such as communication, technology has evolved into a virtual gate to the whole world connecting individuals through social media and various websites and applications. Most importantly, technology became the reservoir of our personal information and important, sensitive data. This has led to increased risks of security breaches and data thefts demanding countermeasure approaches. One of these approaches is Steganography. Steganography is a data hiding approach that allows for invisible, relatively safe communication. Several forms of steganography have been developed, among which are Image steganography and our previously developed AES Inspired Steganography. In this paper we propose a new variation in which we combine both of these approaches, Image and AES Inspired Steganography (IAIS). This approach proposes hiding the hex symbol format of the encrypted secret data into a carrier image file. The image file is converted to a hexadecimal representation in which the hex symbol could be embedded without applying any noticeable changes to the original image. Deciphering the hidden information requires secret keys agreed upon by the communicating parties confidentially. These carrier files can be exchanged among mobile devices and/or computers. Comparisons between the original cover images and the cover images with the hidden text have shown that no changes occurred in the colour histogram of the images. However, the noise test has shown that exposure to noise can affect the hexadecimal content of the image, hence the embedded hex symbol representation of the secret text.


The effect of the negative differential conductance of a ferromagnetic barrier on the surface of a topological insulator is theoretically investigated. Due to the changes of the shape and position of the Fermi surfaces in the ferromagnetic barrier, the transport processes can be divided into three kinds: the total, partial, and blockade transmission mechanisms. The bias voltage can give rise to the transition of the transport processes from partial to blockade transmission mechanisms, which results in a considerable effect of negative differential conductance. With appropriate structural parameters, the current-voltage characteristics show that the minimum value of the current can reach to zero in a wide range of the bias voltage, and then a large peak-to-valley current ratio can be obtained.


In Reply.— Akathisia, a stepchild of movement disorders and an orphan of psychiatry, is beginning to receive the serious attention and clarification it deserves. However, further debate will be necessary to generate a consensus among psychiatrists, neurologists, and pharmacologists as to the meaning and definition of the term akathisia . Barnes and Braude 1 have introduced some disciplined thinking and provocative proposals, which are long overdue, for the concept of akathisia. The major point of my editorial comment 2 on the Barnes and Braude article 1 was to emphasize the importance of investigating the natural history whereby acute neuroleptic side effects, such as akathisia, develop into the chronic side effect, tardive dyskinesia, and to do so paying attention to the natural history of the underlying schizophrenic illness. The letter by Dr Munetz addresses another important point: are akathisia and tardive dyskinesia voluntary or involuntary? Munetz suggests that akathisia movements are voluntary and that


CDA as an important theme in translation of political discourse (PD) has not been fully examined by the professional of translation studies (TS) up to date. To the best knowledge of the researcher nobody has constructed an informative framework for translation of PD. CDA as an emerging field within critical applied linguistics (CAL) is continuously being adapted to new phenomena, one of them being TS. The existing research in the respective field consists of a cluster of different approaches and to my best knowledge may not provide an applicable framework that may be used as an auxiliary tool in the translation process for the analysis of source texts (ST) and target texts (TT).Adopting Critical Discourse Analysis with particular emphasis on the framework of Fairclough (1989) and utilizing the notions of SFL by Holliday (1985), the present thesis is an attempt to shed light on the relationship between language and ideology involved in translation in general, and more specifically, to uncover the underlying ideological assumptions invisible in the texts, both source text (ST) and target text (TT), and consequently ascertain whether or not translators' ideologies are imposed in their translations. Therefore, the major aims of the study are to work out a framework of CDA, to apply the framework for the analysis of the ST and TT and to analyze the translators' choices in the TT on the text-linguistic level. Having collected the texts and translations, the researcher decided to analyze the data. The obtained results proved the fact that the application of CDA for the analysis of the ST and TT helps the translator to become aware of the genre conventions, social and situational context of the ST and TT, and outlines the formation of power and ideological relations on the text-linguistic level. Therefore, it can be called critical translator awareness.


Bangladeshi products are increasing its share in the world market every day. The economy is going to be transformed into an industrialised one from traditional agricultural economy. But the country is far lagging behind in standardisation of its products. Standards certification provides confidence that the product/service is up to a certain quality, conforms to international norms, is safe for consumption or use. It provides acceptance about product's quality, reliability and consistency.


Two sets of double doors stand guard on the far end of a dormant hallway. Comprised largely of glass, the darkness beyond these doors makes them look opaque. A man enters. Youngish in appearance. He wears a blue collared shirt that's untucked. Sleeves rolled up a third of the way. Black tie fastened, but not secured. Black pants, socks, and shoes. Backpack flung over one shoulder. He can hear the hum of electricity, but nothing else. Fluorescent lights reign down on beige exteriors. He walks quietly down the industrial tiled floor, past photographs suspended in clear plastic frames. He turns, stage left, down a narrow corridor.


Constructivism in learning is a philosophy that holds where the process of forming knowledge in individuals is the result of mental activity supported by the process of learning experience. Many studies have been conducted on the effect of constructivism theory on learning outcomes, but few have quantifies the effect so that it can be analyzed qualitatively. Therefore,  the purpose of this research was to quantify the effect size of the relationship between constructivism theory and student learning outcomes using meta-analytic research and data analysis techniques with openMEE software. Data was collected from Scopus and Google Scholar for 17 articles published in 2019 till 2022. Based on the analysis, In terms of the effectiveness of constructivism learning theory, an estimated data of 1.548 is obtained which indicates that constructivist theory has great effectiveness in improving student learning outcomes. In addition, the effect size measurement at the primary and secondary levels of education indicates that the student is in high category. This explains why constructivism learning is very well implemented because children at this level are already able to be encouraged to construct their own knowledge which influences their learning outcomes.


This study aims to describe the implementation of religious values in character education at SDIT Al-Izzah Kota Serang. This research is qualitative descriptive study. The research subjects are teachers and students of grades III,VI,V at SDIT Kota Serang. This research was conducted in January - February 2022. Data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The results of the study show that the implementation of religious values can be carried out through religious habituation activities in students, namely (1) Implementation of religious values through self-development which consists of routine activities in schools, spontaneous activities carried out by teachers to students, the example given by the teacher, and the conditioning of the school which was created in such a way. (2) Implementation of religious values through subjects by inserting them in subject matter or moral messages, (3) Implementation of religious character values through school culture which consists of culture in the classroom, school, outside of school. The teacher's perception of the importance of religious values in character education is one of the sources that underlies character education and is very important to in still in students from an early age because strong religious provision from an early age will strengthen the moral foundations of students in the future. The role of the school in supporting the implementation of religious values in character education is providing the necessary facilities, supporting activities in schools, and setting a good example for students.


Recruitment is the cornerstone of research involving human beings. Most of what has been written involved institutional recruitment, yet the past two decades have seen an exponential rise in the delivery of home care. This shift has been accompanied by an increase in the volume of research conducted in homecare, and the majority of home care recipients are elderly. The elderly experience a disproportionate occurrence of consumer fraud and are increasingly reluctant to give strangers access to their homes. Advocacy groups have made formidable contributions to raising the awareness among older persons of risks to their person and finances. The aim of this article is to raise awareness of the importance of recruitment in the home care community and to recommend to researchers that they partner with community agencies and advocacy groups to inform citizens of the value of their participation in research in home care, and the benefits.


This study was made to find out how stress affect on nutrition status of the college freshmen who were experiencing physical growth and development as well as drastic emotional change. 400 male and female freshmen in 4 year colleges were surveyed respectively through the health check-up procedure for college entrance in February. In order to find out the stress in each group frustration, deprivation, lack of self efficacy, type A behavior and anxiety response were surveyed through 10 questions with total 40 points by assigning 4 points for each question. Diet Status was expressed by DDS (Dietary Diversity Score by 5 food groups) and DVS(Dietary Variety Score). 24-hrs recall method was used to find out the quantity of daily nutrient of EAR(estimated adquacy ratio) by KDRIs(Korean Dietary Recommended Intakes). Nutrition level was analyzed by Can-Pro for professionals (Korea Nutrition Association). And for the quantity intake, percentage was calculated and MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) were produced. Highest point was obtained in the stress of anxiety with the total 40 score of 30.20, and the scores were 29.79, 28.67, and 28.39 for deprivation, type A behavior and frustration respectively. There was no difference of blood components in accordance with stress type. Stress type was divided into less sensitive group and highly sensitive one and the relationship with the blood nutrient status was observed. The difference of blood component and blood pressure in sensitive and highly sensitive groups was observed in deprivation and anxiety. The index of blood pressure(p<0.05), hemoglobin(p<0.01), HDL-cholesterol(p<0.05), and Fe(p<0.05) was high in the deprivation of sensitive group. Blood pressure and hemoglobin was high in type A of sensitive group(p<0.05). And the contents of blood triglyceride was high in the anxiety of sensitive group(p<0.001) The result of nutrition intake analysis according to stress type showed that there was low intake for energy, riboflavin, and niacin. When the degree of deprivation was high there was a lack of riboflavin intake and there was no significant difference of nutrition intake in lack of self efficacy, type A behavior and anxiety response. Thus, it is necessary for colleges to educate the students to maintain mental stability through various programs and activities after catching a kind and extent of the stress college students are meeting with like the confusion of value system, open heterosexual relationship, and the employment difficulties linked with political uncertainty and economic recession.


The Petroleum Geology Department of geological faculty named after Lomonosov M.V. was founded in 1945 by Brod I.O. Scientific fields in the department integrate ideas and methods of basic sciences as the major source for developing oil and gas geology. The department developes studies which were founded by main specialists and leaders in Russian oil and gas geology. For over 70 years of scientific and educational activities the department established leading scientific school in the field of search and exploration of oil, gas and coal fields. Brod I.O. has developed the study of oil and gas basins. Vassoyevich N.B. was one of the founders of naftide genesis theory. Semenovich V.V. is a prominent specialist in prospecting and exploration of oil and gas fields. He has made an invaluable contribution to the science of replenishment of the country's resource base. Sokolov B.A. is the pioneer of new fluid dynamic concept in petroleum geology. Ivanov M.K. studied marine oil and gas aquatic areas. In the XXI century new production requires discovery of new hydrocarbon sources in the Arctic region and shelves of oceans, development of hydrocarbons difficult to recover, innovative theories and technologies for prospecting, exploration and development of oil and gas. All these research fields of oil, gas and coal geology are developed actively in the Moscow State University named after Lomonosov M.V.


The dearth of reviews which followed the publication in 1970 of Dr. Mills' Ying-yai Sheng-lan: The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores [1433] (Cambridge University Press/Hakluyt Society), a translated and annotated edition of Ma Huan's work, was not so much the result of a lack of interest in the text or the subject that it treated, and even less a comment on the quality of the work. Rather, it was a product of the then quite firm borders dividing Chinese and Southeast Asian studies. Scholars of Chinese studies tended to sideline Chinese texts relating exclusively to foreign polities and societies, while those persons engaged in Southeast Asian studies generally felt inadequately equipped to comment on or review Chinese texts relating to the region. The recognition of the porosity of the cultural and historical borders between the states and societies of China and those of Southeast Asia has however, over the last quarter century, resulted in the publication of an increasing number of works which stress the links between both the histories of and the scholarship on these regions. The book under review is a useful addition to the growing literature which melds elements of Southeast Asian and East Asian histories. Following Dr Mills' death in 1987, his papers were deposited in the Needham Research Institute at Cambridge. Included among these items was a draft translation of Fei Hsin's Hsing-ch'a Sheng-lan and it is this draft which has, with the agreement of Dr. Mills' heirs, been re-worked, annotated and published by Professor Ptak as the fourth volume of the South China and Maritime Asia series. Fei Hsin's work, which bears a preface dated 1436, is one of the most important of those texts which detail the Ming-sponsored, eunuch-led voyages to Southeast Asia, the Indian Ocean and the eastern coast of Africa in the first decades of the 15th century. While sections of Hsing-ch'a Sheng-lan have been available in English and French translation since the end of the nineteenth century, in for example W.P. Groeneveldt's Notes on the Malay Archipelago and Malacca Compiled from Chinese Sources, and W. W. Rockhill's translations published in T'oung Pao Volume 15 (1914) and Volume 16 (1915), most of these translations are incomplete, sometimes infelicitous, and generally poorly annotated. The present volume overcomes these deficiencies and provides an integrated English text of the work, alternate readings from variant editions, and annotations which draw on works in eight languages. It also includes the most detailed bibliography to date of works relating to Chinese maritime relations with Southeast Asia during the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. Fei Hsin accompanied a number of the Ming maritime missions to the "Western Ocean" and thus his account is that of a first-hand observer of many of the details


The development of bulk metallic glass alloys is presented with various elemental selection criteria, design strategies, and experimental techniques. The focus was later drawn towards the development of noble bulk metallic glasses based on gold and platinum. To formulate a good bulk glass forming composition, we found that the gold alloys had to be optimized using uncommon approaches. One strategy was to primarily increase the glass transition temperature of the alloy, instead of lowering the melting temperature. The resulting gold bulk metallic glass alloy could be cast fully amorphous up to 5 mm thick. However, the best gold glass former also exhibited many anomalous behaviors; for example, a very high strain rate could induce phase separation in the bulk glass forming liquid. A detail study on the strain rate induced crystallization was carried out systematically to pinpoint the exact conditions that would cause an anomaly. Additionally, a variety of comparative studies were conducted on the gold and platinum bulk metallic glass alloys, including elastic constants measurement, heat capacity measurement, viscosity measurement using three-point beam bending, and time to crystallization study in order to construct a Time-Temperature Transformation diagram. The last chapter switches gears to the engineering and technology aspect of gold and platinum bulk metallic glasses. The thermoplastic soldering technique is introduced as a novel method for joining any two materials at temperatures lower than that of brazing or welding processes. The proposed technique is a new alternative to the lead-free soldering process available to the electronic industry.


Authority over natural resources, as argued by the proponents of sustainable development and good governance, must be transparent, accountable, representative, and participatory. In recent years, "participation" has become orthodoxy in sustainable development initiatives and resource management policies. This focus on participation is part of many efforts to ensure that the benefits of development are accessible to those who have in the past been marginalized by it. In light of environmental governance, stakeholder participation is also a key component of ensuring that the management of natural resources is in the hands of direct users of those resources. Moves to devolve the management of resources from a central state to local groups and communities are an integral part of emerging institutional arrangements of regional environmental governance.


Corresponding Adress / İletişim Adresi: Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Protetik Diş Tedavisi Anabilim Dalı, Zonguldak, Turkey Phone/Tel: 0 372 261 3604 E-mail/E-posta: email@example.com ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the bonding properties of new dental adhesive systems to the surface of titanium for the express purpose of evaluating these systems for composite veneering of titanium restorations.Fifty-four titanium specimens (10 x 10 x 2 mm) were divided into six groups accourding to the surface conditioning method to be applied. One of the groups served as control and experimental groups consisted of air abrasion with aluminum oxide particles; application of dental adhesive andmetal primer. Surface treatments increased the shear bond strength of indirect composite resin to titanium alloy surface (P<0.05). The highest bond strength values were obtained with application of air abrasion and dental adhesive (26.84±2.25) and significant differences were found between other groups (P<.05). The current study revealed that air abrasion followed by applying dental adhesive with specific functional monomers improves the bond strength of indirect composite to titanium.


Today companies need to strengthen their weaknesses and minimize their threats, because the business world is increasingly competitive, internally need to carry an ongoing evaluation of the development of activities in the company as administratively and accounting should establish monitoring plans operationally viable, which is why the need for a system of internal control.
Instability is remarkable enterprise of our country, this is due to lack of compliance with regulatory standards regarding accounting and auditing, internal control core in enterprises.
Without control we have in our hands the absolute advantage of making good decisions in any field, since the monitoring and study of the activities depends on the absolute result of our goals.


We apply Raman amplification to Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) systems without access to the middle of the link. We show the feasibility of achieving Raman amplification with low power lasers. These low powers can be made available through the use of semiconductor lasers. Theoretical results with a four-channel CWDM system is shown for three basic configurations – forward, backward, and bidirectional.


Following an introduction by the editor ("Unbinding Proteus," pp. 1-13), this volume contains these articles: John Miles Foley, "Fieldwork on Homer" (pp. 15-41); Steve Reece, "Homer's Iliad and Odyssey: From Oral Performance to Written Text" (pp. 43-89); Daniel F. Melia, "Orality and Aristotle's Aesthetics" (pp. 91-105); Alexandra Hennessey Olsen, "Proteus in Latin: Vernacular Tradition and the Boniface Collection" (pp. 107-24); Jan M. Ziolkowski, "Oral-Formulaic Tradition and the Composition of Latin Poetry from Antiquity through the Twelfth Century" (pp. 125-48); Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe, "Deaths and Transformations: Thinking through the 'End' of Old English Verse" (pp. 149 78); Mark C. Amodio, "Res(is)ting the Singer: Towards a Non-performative Anglo-Saxon Oral Poetics" (pp. 179-208); Jonathan Watson, "Writing Out 'Ooinn's Storm': The Lit erary Reception of an Oral-Derived Template in the Two Versions of La3amon's Brut" (pp. 209-36); Joseph Falaky Nagy, "A Leash and an Englyn in the Medieval Welsh Ar thurian Tale Culhwch ac Olwen" (pp. 237-53); Lori Ann Garner, "The Role of Proverbs in Middle English Narrative" (pp. 255-77); and Tim William Machan, "Writing the Fail ure of Speech in Pearl" (pp. 279-305).


textabstractThe formation and development of blood cells, or hematopoiesis, normally takes
place in the bone marrow, which serves as the major hematopoietic organ during adult
life. A small population of bone marrow cells (BMC), designated as hematopoietic stem
cells, underlies the process of blood cell formation. This population is de tined by
its extensive self-renewal capacity and ability to contribute to blood cell formation for
extended periods of time. It has been shown by retransplantation studies that single and
uniquely marked murine hematopoietic stem cells are able to provide blood cells for
a period of time that even approximates the lifespan of a mouse. Most of the stem
cells in the bone marrow do not actively participate in blood cell lormation but remain
in a quiescent state, which makes stem cells relatively resistant to the effects of
irradiation or chemotherapy. The frequency of stem cells in the bone marrow is very
low and has been estimated in the mouse at 1-2 per 100,000 BMC. Therelore, study
of stem cell biology ill vitro and ill vivo requires the puritication of this extremely rare
cell. Over the years, the mcthods used for puritication have gradually changed,
influenced by the changing functional detinition of the stem cell and understanding of
its biology. The development of assays to identify primitive hematopoietic cells
have been an intcgral part of thc search for the stem cell. In this chapter some of these
assays will be introduced and the methods used for the puritication of murine
hematopoietic stem cells will be discussed.


This book chapter was published in the book, The Cultures of Alternative Mobilities: Routes Less Travelled [© Ashgate Publishing]. The publisher's website is at: http://www.ashgate.com


The article solves an important scientific and practical task, which aims in ground theoretical aspects and develop practical recommendations for financial controlling in the enterprise. Present enterprises having become complex systems, decentralize management, and operate the large volume of out-of-date information. Therefore, there is a necessity to coordinate activities of different departments. To ensure the management of such systems requires new technologies or management methods, which in turn will help with functioning both externally and internally. Under these conditions, the use of controlling becomes necessary. The introduction of controlling helps to coordinate the work of functional services of the enterprise, as well as provides information and analytical support to management in making management decisions.


this paper discusses how to apply the GIS/GPS technology to the common mobile Logistics business to meet the requirements of efficient Logistics management. In the full analysis of GIS (Geographic Information System) and GPS (Global Positioning System) technology superiority in Logistics, this paper focuses on the system design issues and principles, and puts forward a GIS/GPS based solution apply to Logistics business. A Mobile Logistics Public Information Platform (MLPIP) is designed independently. The system architecture, workflow and functional modules are discussed in detail.


ABSTRACT In Brazil, inequalities are visually represented in its favelas. These neighborhoods are usually comprised of low-income informal settlements neglected by governments and often forgotten by mainstream media. The pervasive nature of information and communications technology (ICT) has brought new ways to produce news content in the media industry, giving voice to these communities. Thus, small, alternative, community, or non-mainstream media became a vital terrain of opposition activism. Drawing on user participation, collaboration, and data journalism theories, this article analyzes three alternative media organizations (Agência Mural, data_labe, and Favela em Pauta), which proposed producing data-driven content by, for, and about favelas through a mixed-method research design. Results show that four contributing factors tend to help these organizations to produce data stories despite these challenges: citizen participation, activism, collaboration, and humanizing data. The article concludes by demonstrating how elements developed in these initiatives and presents an agenda for future research.


Abstract. The purpose of this research is to make activated carbon from coconut shell carbon and examine its use in adsorbing metals in acid mine drainage; to study the types of activators; to determine the optimum mass for the efficiency of reducing the concentration of Cu2+ metal and Mn2+ metal (percent removal) using the activated carbon from coconut shell carbon; and to determine the adsorption of isothermal model. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that activated carbon could be made from coconut shell carbon with 20% H3PO4 chemical activation. Before being activated, it was made by heating at a temperature of 300°C for 2 hours. The best activated carbon in terms of metals adsorption in acid mine drainage was in a mass of 4 grams with each percent removal of 57.62% for Cu metal and 91.37% for Mn metal. Data analysis of the effect of concentration on adsorption capacity used the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. The Langmuir equation for the adsorption of Mn metal obtained the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 15.16 mg/g; KL=73.09 mol/L and R2=0.9568. Meanwhile, the adsorption of Cu metal obtained the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax)=4.73 mg/g; KL=73.14 mol/L and R2= 0.9304. In Freundlich's equation, on the adsorption of Mn metal, the resulting KF=15.14 mol/L; R2=0.9129, while on the adsorption of Cu metal, the resulting KF=.72 mol/L; R2= 0.9092. Based on the data, the adsorption isotherm curve more closely follows the Langmuir isotherm model (adsorption takes place in one layer (monolayer).


Based on the NCEP reanalysis and conventional observation information,the circulation background and physical field of the rare continuous intensive precipitation process occurred in autumn(from October 24 to November 5)of 2008 in central section of Yunnan province were analyzed and diagnosed.The results showed that the low-level cold front shear convergence with the two high-pressure high-level,which has stable and less dynamic,is the main synoptic situation background of this autumn rare continuous intensive precipitation in central section of Yunnan Province.The two water vapor from the Bay of Bengal and the south of Indo China along the subtropical peripheral southerly flow transport constantly,converging in the south central of Yunnan and forming a more deep moisture convergence zone;warm and humid air along the low-level cold air upwards,forming upward motion,the cold advection of troposphere top sending down constantly,enhancing the stationary front and playing an important part in keeping the cold air on the ground.The continuous intensive precipitation is located on the weak high-value areas of CAPE,playing a better directed role on the drop zones for storm;during the heavy precipitation,there are five meso-scale cloud generate in the cold wind shear cloud belt.In this favorable context of large-scale circulation,frequent movement of the mesoscale system is the direct cause of this continuous intensive precipitation process.


: Helicobacter pylori (HP) has recently been associated with gastritis, dysplasia and gastric neoplasms. The study was performed to see histopathological study of gastric biopsies with HP to evaluate different gastric lesions. Objective: To determine the frequency of H. pylori in patients with gastric disorders and to see the frequency of different morphological changes in gastric biopsies associated with H. pylori infection. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: In the Pathology department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore in Collaboration with Gastroenterology department for One year duration from May 2018 to May 2019. Methods: The study was performed on 760 gastric biopsy specimens collected in the gastroenterology department. Biopsies were sent to pathology laboratory in containers filled with 10% buffered formalin. Tissues were processed in an automated tissue processor. Sections were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin and Giemsa. Results: Of 760 patients, 527 (69%) were positive for H. pylori and 233 (31%) were negative for H. pylori. Gastric lesions were more common in males 337/589: 57%, 252/589: 43% compared to women, a significant difference (p = 0.000). In men, gastric complaints and dyspeptic symptoms were seen before females (mean age 38.11 ± 16.66 years and 35.81 ± 14.19 years), and a positive relationship with patient age (p <0.05: 95% confidence interval). Histological examination of 760 gastric biopsies revealed acute and chronic gastritis in 89.5% of the patients. A significant number of gastric lesions, ie, intestinal metaplasia (p = 0.01), lymphoid follicle formation (p = 0.059), but dysplasia (15/527, 2.8%) were observed in patients with PD, and non-significant malignancy in patients infected with HP (16 / 527: 3%). However, gastritis and gastric atrophy were observed in both gastritis. Conclusion: Significant gastric lesions were observed in HP positive biopsies compared with HP-free gastritis, but dysplasias and malignancies were not significantly associated with HP biopsies versus HP negative biopsies.


This paper provides a general outline to construct technological distance measures from U.S. Patent data using a preliminary scoring method.


While human societies remain exposed to natural hazards, anthropogenic dynamics have dramatically increased the exposure to human-originated hazards. Meanwhile, vulnerabilities to such hazards can be managed, controlled or reduced thanks to public policies, through environmental control, sanitation and medical infrastructures and practices (Becerra, 2012). However, assessing such vulnerabilities faces difficulties. Besides the evaluation of hazards themselves through environmental and epidemiological measurements, evaluations and modelisations (Ghorbel et al. 2010), evaluating human vulnerabilities and capacities to face such hazards requires to understand the perceptions of the population exposed: these perceptions condition the local acknowledgement of such dangers but also the differences among the concerned public stakeholders and population for such an evaluation.


Benzodiazepine overdose is the most commonly encountered drug overdose in Iran. It has been reported by many authors that flumazenil possesses highly specific antagonistic activity on central benzodiazepine receptors. We conducted a prospective study on 150 patients brought to the toxicology emergency ward in Loghman-Hakim hospital with benzodiazepine overdose to assess the efficacy of flumazenil to counteract benzodiazepine overdose. Upon arrival, patients were examined thoroughly and their Glasgow coma scale was recorded. Afterwards flumazenil was administered in sufficient dosage, between 0.25-0.50 mg. The most commonly consumed benzodiazepine was diazepam (50%). One hundred and thirty patients responded positively to flumazenil, characterized by improved response to painful stimuli, and decreased amnesia. Twenty percent of the patients (26 cases) had an increased respiratory rate after flumazenil administration. In 86 patients, consciousness improved after 5 minutes, in 36 patients after 10 minutes and in 8 patients after 15 minutes. In 48 patients the psychomotor performance improved 5 minutes after antidote administration, while in 15 patients psychomotor performance improved after 30 minutes. Some patients developed resedation after flumazenil administration. In 25 patients resedation occurred after 15 minutes, in 59 patients after 30 minutes, and 34 patients showed this phenomenon after 45 minutes. Despite this last finding, we concluded that flumazenil effectively and rapidly antagonizes the central effects of benzodiazepines. It is also a valuable diagnostic agent with no serious side effects.


Different cultivars of pomegranate were evaluated under semi-arid conditions with respect to vigour, yield and fruit quality at SKN College of Agriculture (Rajasthan Agricultural University), Jobner during 1998-99 and 1999-2000. Results revealed that inter-varietal differences were highly significant for most of the parameters studied. Cultivar Jodhpur Red' exhibited maximum plant height (2.40 m) and produced most sour fruits with 0.454 per cent acidity, while maximum stem girth (7.48 cm) was recorded in cultivar 'Bassein Seedless'. The maximum plant spread (3.56 m³) was recorded in cultivar Jalore Seedless' which was at par with 'Jodhpur Red' (3.50 m³). The highest yield (16.75 kg plant¹) was produced by cultivar Jalore Seedless' with fruits of maximum length (8.04 cm), breadth (7.66 cm) and TSS (14.44° Brix). However, the maximum fruit weight (239.12 g) was obtained in cultivar 'Dholka' that was at par with that of cultivar Jalore Seedless' (238.75 g). The cultivar Jalore Seedless' is recommended for commercial cultivation in semi-arid conditions.


A handheld bioelectric impedance measuring apparatus with a main body (1) with insulating property having a card-shaped outline; four electrodes (A,B,C,D) arranged apart with one another on an upper and a lower side surfaces of said main body respectively; a display section (7) arranged on a front surface of said main body; and an operation section (11) arranged on the front surface of said main body.


A study has concluded that production logging tools employed to evaluate multiphase horizontal well production behavior should be carefully screened as to their response characteristics in fully-segregated, two-phase flow. The study, performed at Marathon Oil Co.'s petroleum technology center in Littleton, Colo., indicated that gas in highly deviated well bores segregates rapidly in the presence of water, creating a downhole environment that produces sporadic responses from full bore and diverter spinners as well as density and holdup tools. Gas Research Institute (GRI), as part of its horizontal gas well completion technology program, initiated the full-scale laboratory study to determine the severity and consequences of multiphase flow on tool response from horizontal well production. The paper discusses background of the problem, the test objectives, test facility, experimental procedures, single-phase flow, two-phase flow, and recommendations.


In a double-blind prospective trial clofibrate was found not to influence significantly the clinical and laboratory indices thought to reflect the state of fat embolism in patients with fractures.


Intermittency of renewable energy sources is of great concern to Researchers. For example, PV panels are limited due to the variability of solar irradiances. To further integrate PV into the overall energy mix, accurate assessment and evaluation of its performance is important. This paper aims to evaluate the potential and variability of solar energy at Afe Babalola University, also the possibility of incorporating PV system into the energy mix in ABUAD is investigated. To this end, measurements of solar irradiance (GHI) are collated from January 2018 to December 2018 using the Tenmars TM 206 Pyranometer. In addition, a hybrid system was modeled using HOMER, which gives an optimal system comprising of 1800kW PV panels, 1500kW diesel generator, 1200kW converter and four Trojan T-105 batteries with the levelized cost of energy (COE) of 0.719$/yr and Net Present Cost (NPC) of $41,676,188.


Native language plays a vital role for communication. Hindi is preferred by most Indians and it is the fifth most spoken language in the world. Hence, to make User Experience more effective while interacting with Software Applications, we aim to build a Model using Natural Language Processing which takes a specific word as an input and predicts the subsequent words for completing the sentence.It will act as a tab- complete function in Hindi language. This will also pave a way as a use case for building chatbots, personal emails, applications which are content based like cooking recipes, blogs, etc. in Hindi Language.


Continuous seismic profiles from the upper continental slope east of North Islands, New Zealand, show that surface sediment 10–50 m thick has slumped down bedding planes sloping at 1°–4°.

There are four slumps, the Kidnappers Slump which has an area of 250 km2, the Paoanui Slump of 80 km2, a small slump of only several square kilometers and a slump of undetermined extent. All occurred during the last 20,000 years in Last Glacial Age sediments. A glide plane is exposed at the head of each slump and beds are thrust or contorted at the toe of some slumps.

Slumping was probably caused by the failure of loosely packed sandy silt during major earthquakes.


Purpose . Currently, one of the priorities of energy conservation is a cost savings for heating in commercial and residential buildings by the stored thermal energy during the night and its return in the daytime. Economic effect is achieved due to the difference in tariffs for the cost of electricity in the daytime and at night. One of the most common types of devices that allow accumulating and giving the resulting heat are solid heat accumulators. The main purpose of the work: 1) software development for the calculation of the temperature field of a flat solid heat accumulator, working due to the heat energy accumulation in the volume of thermal storage material without phase transition; 2) determination the temperature distribution in its volumes at convective heat transfer. Methodology . To achieve the study objectives a heat transfer theory and Laplace integral transform were used. On its base the problems of determining the temperature fields in the channels of heat accumulators, having different cross-sectional shapes were solved. Findings . Authors have developed the method of calculation and obtained solutions for the determination of temperature fields in channels of the solid heat accumulator in conditions of convective heat transfer. Temperature fields over length and thickness of channels were investigated. Experimental studies on physical models and industrial equipment were conducted. Originality . For the first time the technique of calculating the temperature field in the channels of different cross-section for the solid heat accumulator in the charging and discharging modes was proposed. The calculation results are confirmed by experimental research. Practical value . The proposed technique is used in the design of solid heat accumulators of different power as well as full-scale production of them was organized.


To control insects we must have effective weapons to destroy them. We also must know how to use effectively the weapons we have. Entomologists and associated scientists, I think, have accomplished more over the years in developing basic procedures for controlling insects than in using them with maximum efficiency. In my opinion, we have not and are not achieving maximum results with some of our available control procedures, simply because we do not know enough about the particular insect and thus do not know how to apply control measures against the total population.


This paper analyzes the key principles on which the international traditional contracts and new engineering contract have been drafted as well as the contractual relations among the parties involved in the execution of the project. This paper concluded that the new engineering contract prepared by the Institute of Civil Engineers has shown its unique features in the principles and new management techniques and is able to stimulate good project management.


The population structure of Crematogaster subdentata Mayr, 1877 in the primary (native) (Uzbekistan) and secondary ranges (Crimea, Rostov-on-Don) is analyzed. The data obtained indicate an uncommon behavior for invasive ants – the formation of supercolonies in the primary range (the size of the foraging area is about 600 m2) in the urban territory. Nesting in houses and in trunks of old trees occurs both in the zone of invasion and in the primary range. The data of the distribution of the second invasive species in the same regions – Lasius neglectus Van Loon et al., 1990 are provided. Comparison of the population structure (ratio of the mono- and polycalic colonies, presence of the supercolonies and their sizes), parameters of the colonies (average number of the nests and forage trees per colony) showed the ad- vantage of Crematogaster subdentata over Lasius neglectus, which is gradually crowded out by the first species in the places of contact.


The mechanisms of electrochemical migration and consequent insulation failure in fine-pitch Cu wiring (line/space = 3 µm/3 µm) are investigated. A model in which the migration takes place in the presence of water in a phenol-based resin–resin interface between biased Cu traces is proposed. Replacing the bottom resin layer by a SiN layer is found to be an effective method of considerably enhancing the leakage characteristics.


Partial discharge (PD) taking place in a solid dielectric-bounded cavity involves physical processes such as free electron supply, discharge development and surface charge decaying, which bring about memory effects and become the main reasons for stochastic behavior of PDs. This paper reviews numerical modeling of cavity PD in the past 30 years. In the first place, physical processes relevant to PD activity are summarized, and modeling methods for discharge development are classified. Then some differences of PD modeling at AC and DC voltages are distinguished. Subsequently, reproducing methods from simulations to experiments are introduced, as well as their comparison under different conditions and with the emphasis on voltage frequency and PD aging. At last, some problems about current simulation models are discussed, and our suggestions for future work are proposed.


This paper argues that to maximize the utility of society, a legal system must precisely define and strictly enforce property rights. Chapter I provides a theoretical economic framework by which various policy and judicial decisions affecting property rights can be considered. Chapter II examines the proper role for a legal system as well as the historical and United States Constitutional respect for property rights. Secondly, the devolution of this earlier respect for property rights is discussed by examining case decisions which tolerate to a greater degree, force with respect to physical property. Finally, the notion of the regulatory taking is considered. Chapter III looks more specifically at a recent regulatory "takings" case heard by the U.S. Supreme Court; Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Commission. It is discussed using the economic tools of analysis presented in Chapter I with references to the legal case history addressed in Chapter II.


Parvathi Raman examines the fierce loyalty that the Pakistani national cricket team inspires among British Pakistanis, but argues that this is not at the exclusion of a sense of British identity.


for continuous functions T (.), where d −→ denotes convergence in distribution, n−1/2x[rn] ⇒ σW (r) where W (.) denotes Brownian motion and "⇒" denotes weak convergence, and σ = limn→∞ nExn. Theorem 3.2 of Park and Phillips (1999) shows that for functions that are "regular" (as defined in that paper) and locally integrable, the result of Equation (1) still holds. Among the functions that are dealt with by that theorem is, for example, T (x) = I(x > 0). Park and Phillips' Theorem 3.2 however fails to show that for all α > −1, Zn = n −1 n ∑


Through the experimental study on the compound cold extrusion of the external-internal gear of the hub of the auto steering wheel, a new-typed compound extruding die was designed and a reasonable forming process was determined.


The viewing angle requirements for aircraft cockpit displays significantly vary. The variation dependency is analyzed as a function of aircraft type. The envelope requirement is deducted and analyzed against commercially available Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) and special AMLCD's. The very-wide-viewing angle AMLCD need is established.


To the Editor—Richie and Villasante [1] pose thoughtful questions about the implications of our recently published analysis of the Step Study data with extended follow-up time [2]. Although some of the points are well taken, we would like to clarify several questions raised about the study methods and conclusions.


Abstract Intercultural communication is perceived as being somewhat problematic, given the varied cultures that come into contact with one another. Misunderstanding and communication breakdown are said to mark many intercultural encounters as participants rely on the norms of their mother tongue and native culture to interpret meaning. This paper reports on the findings of a study conducted to identify and explain the sources and nature of misunderstanding in intercultural communication in English as a lingua franca. Fine-grained analyses of 15 hours of naturally occurring spoken interactions in ELF reveal that none of the misunderstandings occurring in this type of intercultural communication can be attributed to differences in the participants' cultural background. While a few misunderstandings are language-related, the source of many of the misunderstandings can be traced to ambiguity in the speaker's utterances. Other reasons for misunderstanding include mishearing and lack of world knowledge, namely, factors that also contribute to misunderstanding in intracultural communication. It is suggested that the diminished role of culture in such interactions stems from the lingua franca context of the interaction. Intent on arriving at mutual understanding in a language that is native to none of the participants, cultural differences are tolerated and often overlooked as the participants negotiate and co-construct understanding in the lingua franca.


The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA) Spoken Language Communication and Translation for Tactical Use (TRANSTAC) program is a focused advanced technology research and development program. The intent of this program is to demonstrate capabilities to quickly develop and implement free-form, two-way, speech-to-speech spoken language translation systems allowing speakers of different languages to communicate with each other in real-world tactical situations without the need for an interpreter. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with support from the Mitre Corporation and Appen Pty Limited, has been funded by DARPA to evaluate the TRANSTAC technologies since 2006. The NIST-led Independent Evaluation Team (IET) has numerous responsibilities in this ongoing effort including collecting and processing training data, designing and implementing performance evaluations, and analyzing the test data. In order to design and execute fair and relevant evaluations, the NIST IET has employed the System, Component and Operationally-Relevant Evaluation (SCORE) framework. The SCORE framework is a unified set of criteria and tools built around the premise that, in order to gain an understanding of how a technology would perform in its intended environment, it must be evaluated at both the component and system levels and further tested in operationally-relevant environments while capturing both quantitative and qualitative performance data. Since an evaluation goal of the TRANSTAC program is to capture quantitative performance data of the translation technologies, the IET developed and implemented SCORE-inspired live evaluation scenarios. The two developed forms of live evaluation scenarios have unique impacts on the quantitative performance data. This paper presents the TRANSTAC program and SCORE methodology, as well as the evaluation scenarios and their influence on system performance.


Abstract As technology advances, the 3 rd generation (3G) wireless infrastructure base station requires a very high-performance digital signal processor (DSP) to implement the advance algorithms being selected by the 3GPP1/3GPP2 standards. For this high growth 3G marketplace, Motorola is introducing a new 16-bit programmable DSP, MSC8101, based on the-state-of-the art Star*Core DSP core in order to achieve the objectives of highperformance and low power consumption at the lowest-cost. In this paper, we will present the architecture and peripherals of this new digital signal processor thoroughly. Instruction sets specially designed for the DSP algorithms being adopted in the 3GPP1 for the symbol rate processing is also discussed. Finally, the real-time implementation of the symbol rate processing using the SC140 DSP core for the WCDMA baseband processing is presented.


The social concept of José Ortega y Gasasse was developed at the beginning of the twentieth century but still remains valid. This article highlights in a special way the importance of civic education as a foundation for building a democratic society and shaping elites. In the light of Ortega y Gasset's liberalism, important assumptions regarding freedom, civic education as well as the formation of elites are being analysed. These issues will be analysed in the context of assumptions regarding the principles of shaping the privacy of each citizen, which is the centre and source of all activities of the individual. Properly shaped privacy is the main goal of civic education and guarantees the formation of elites in society.


........................................................................................................ 19 Chapter 1: General introduction ....................................................................... 20 1.1 Cystic Fibrosis ......................................................................................... 21 1.1.1 Epidemiology and distribution ........................................................... 21 1.1.2 CFTR mutation: disease characteristics and consequences ............ 21 1.2 Cystic fibrosis microbiology ..................................................................... 23 1.2.1 Treatment options for CF lung disease ............................................. 24 1.2.2 CF lung respiratory disease and the Burkholderia cepacia complex. 25 1.3 Cystic fibrosis related diabetes................................................................ 28 1.3.1 Sugars, insulin, and insulin binding by the Bcc ................................. 29 1.4 Bcc virulence strategies .......................................................................... 30 1.4.1 Assessing Bcc virulence using plant and animal models of infection 30 1.4.2 Exopolysaccharide – sugars elicit different Bcc phenotypes ............. 33 1.4.3 Genetic basis for Bcc EPS biosynthesis ........................................... 36 1.4.4 Adhesion and biofilms ....................................................................... 38 1.5 Aims ........................................................................................................ 39


The present invention relates to an electric pneumatic position regulator, which sets a controllable valve (9,10,13) having in the position controller is arranged, which valve group has at least one valve (9, 10), through the valve group control according to the situation during normal operation of the valve group, or by a compressed air supply conduit (6) can be fed compressed air exhaust guide interface (8), or the conveying air can be discharged to the outside through the venting connection (8). To set the valve even when it is also a component leaks in the safety position, the valve group is disposed in a position regulator airtight housing (14), and provided elements (15), for monitoring this case (14) exists in the pressure and thus the control valve arrangement (9,10,13), i.e., when the pressure (14) in the housing exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the valve group is preset safety position.


Since its introduction in 1999, sales of s-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) have placed it among the 25 top-selling dietary supplements in the United States. What makes this particular dietary supplement so popular? Perhaps the myriad of claims surrounding its use have helped. SAMe is marketed as an antidepressant; an anti-arthritic; an agent for liver dis‐ orders, cholestasis, and migraines; and even as a therapy for fibromyalgia.


The first century of educating clergy in the United States is rightly understood as classical professional education—that is, as formation into an identity and calling to serve the wider public through specialized knowledge and skills. This book argues that pastors, priests, and rabbis were best formed into capacities of culture building through the construction of narratives, symbols, and practices that served their religious communities and the wider public. This kind of education was closely aligned with liberal arts pedagogies of studying classical texts, languages, and rhetoric in order to form habits of inquiry, interpretation, and oratory in students. The theory of culture here is indebted to Clifford Geertz and Jerome Bruner's social-semiotic view, which identifies culture as the social construction of narrative, symbols, and practices that shape the identity and meaning-making of certain communities. The theological framework of analysis is indebted to George Lindbeck's cultural-linguistic view, which emphasizes the role of doctrine as grammatical rules that govern narratives, doctrinal grammars, and social practices for distinct religious communities. This framework is pushed toward the renewal and reconstruction of religious frameworks by the postmodern work of Sheila Devaney and Kathryn Tanner. The book also employs several other concepts from social theory, borrowed from Jurgen Habermas, Max Weber, Pierre Bourdieu, Michael Young, and Bernard Anderson.


Background: Amoebiasis, or amoebic dysentery, is a term used to describe an infection caused by theprotozoan Entamoebahistolytica.Aim: Identify E.histolytica virulence factors (amoabapore and cysteine proteinase) that play a critical rolein pathogenesis ofamoebic dysentery by using PCR results.Method: Detect the major virulence factors of the intestinal parasite E.histolytica on Stool samples werecollected from 56 samples by using PCR techniqueand. The DNA sequencing analysis was performed forconfirmative genetic identification of some local Entamoebahistolytica.Result: To detect the major virulence factors (V.F.) (cysteine proteinase and amoebapore) of E.histolytica,PCR technique was conducted, by using specific primers for E.histolytica, a 56 samples were positive toE.histolytica using PCR technique was diagnosed previously,the result showed that 54 stool samples werebloody & positive to virulence factorcysteine proteinase, and 37 stool samples were bloody & 53 sampleswere positive to virulence factor Amoeba pore.Conclusion: Cysteine proteinase and Amoebaporesis the most important virulence factors in E.histolyticathat play a critical role in the mediated intestinal cell lysis.


INTRODUCTION The R6/2 transgenic mouse model is very useful for studying the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD). Previous spectroscopy studies using HD models were limited in scope by quantifying a limited range of metabolites, or by measuring data within a narrow range of the disease progression, or by collecting data only from a single brain region, or by using in vitro methods [1-4]. The aim of this study was to expand the use of in vivo H NMR spectroscopy to investigate neurochemical changes in striatum and cerebral cortex during the lifespan of R6/2 mice starting from a presymptomatic age with respect to behavioral and anatomical changes associated with the disease progression.


The quest for nation-building in Nigeria has again been confronted with challenges arising from agitations for a regionalized form of politics. Zoning; as these agitations have been labeled has been presented as a convenient arrangement towards giving the Northern and Southern parts of Nigeria equal opportunities for the Presidency. Yet, such an arrangement amounts to the institutionalization of regionalism and ethnic nationalism problems which contributed to the collapse of the First Republic. This paper is a critical examination of the agitations for zoning the Presidency in Nigeria; and its implications for the nation-state project in the country. The paper examines the voting behavior of Nigerians as an indication of the exigency of zoning for the country. Evidence from past election results are used to establish zoning as likely to have mixed results for the nation-state project; and the development of a Nigerian nationalism. Finally, the paper emphasizes the need for an inclusive approach to national issues as the basis for engendering Nigerian nationalism.


Based on the theory of time series,the measuring error data of vibrating-beam gravitational sensor is analyzed and the time series model of measuring error data is constructed.The state equation of the gravitational sensor is approached by the time series model of measuring error data.And Sage-Husa adaptive kalman filter is used to alleviate the error of gravitational sensor.The experiment results indicate that the error of gravitational sensor can be expressed by AR model,and Sage-Husa adaptive kalman filter can effectively alleviate the errors of the vibrating-beam gravitational sensor.


Brucellosis caused by Brucella species is a multisystemic disease that can affect any organ and system in the body with variable incidence. It is an endemic zoonotic disease, and common in certain areas such as the Mediterranean basin, and the MiddleEast.


Antibiotic policies are necessary for a hospital to support appropriate antibiotic use. The objective of this study was to determine and compare types of antibiotic policy and pharmacists' opinion on effects of antibiotic policy used in the regional and general hospitals of the Ministry of Public Health. This study was a cross-sectional survey. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and T-test. Data were collected through self-developed questionnaires which were sent to pharmacy department chairs of 25 regional hospitals as well as 69 questionnaires to general hospitals. It was found that the response rate was 56.0% (14 questionnaires) for the regional hospitals, and 31.9% (22 questionnaires) for the general hospitals. There were the range of 2 - 27 antibiotic policies developed and used in a hospital. The 5 most common policies were (1) having physicians and pharmacist responsible for developing antibiotic policies (96.7%), (2) restriction for antibiotic use by indication (86.1%), (3) drug use review (80.6%), (4) replacement of previous drug by a new drug with the same drug category in the hospital formulary (75.0%), and (5) having a pharmacist responsible for monitoring compliance of antibiotic use with the hospital policy (69.4%). Regional hospitals were more significantly to have the following policies than those of general hospitals: (1) requirement of a antimicrobial sensitivity test after prescribing important or expensive antibiotics (85.7% vs. 50.0%; respectively, p<0.05), (2) automatic discontinuation of medicine order for important or expensive antibiotics with no antimicrovial sensitivity test results (28.6% vs. 4.6%; respectively, p<0.05), (3) the pharmacy department had the right to stop dispensing an antibiotic if a physician had not changed the prescription that was not in line with the hospital policy even though some considerable amount of the antibiotic was already given to a patient (42.9% vs. 13.6%; respectively, p<0.05), and (4) the pharmacy department had the right to report to the hospital authority if a physician did not change medicine order to comply with the hospital policy (50.0% vs. 4.6%; respectively, p<0.05). There was no significant difference in other policies between the 2 levels of hospitals. In general, the respondents believed that antibiotic policies in their hospitals were sufficient and appropriate (3.5±0.9 points of 5 points scale) and the policies had an resulted in appropriate antibiotic use (3.1±0.9 points of 5 points scale). This study indicated that regional and general hospitals had different numbers of antibiotic policies with varying rationale of antibiotic use situations. Some hospitals had very few antibiotic policies. Therefore, some hospitals should consider formulating and adopting more appropriate antibiotic policies in order to increase the appropriate use and the cost of antibiotics. Key words: policy, antibiotic, regional hospital, general hospital, Ministry of Public Health


This article elaborated passes through neutral using the zinc aqueous method smelting waste water,eliminates mixed,concentrates,crafts and so on purification,concentration produces the high pure seven water zinc sulfate the process.Not only has recycled the metal zinc,moreover played the environmental protection role.


AbstractThe suitability of trimetal-oxide (a refractory waste material) as a possible adsorbent has been studied for the removal of fluoride ion from the aqueous solution. Batchwise experiments have been conducted for following the adsorption behavior. The effect of various variables such as shaking time, hydronium ion concentration, initial fluoride concentration, and adsorbent dose were studied. Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherms were applied to calculate the adsorption behavior of fluoride and were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data, and the mechanism was of chemisorption. The kinetics of the adsorption phenomenon was also studied using Lagergren pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models, and the results showed that the process of the adsorption of fluoride follows pseudo-first-order as well as pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The adsorbent has shown high defluoridation efficiency of 78% between pH 6.0 and 7.0. The...


The field of submillimeter-wavelength astronomy is blossoming thanks to major investments such as the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Herschel Space Telescope. These projects were enabled by the development of very sensitive receivers, especially those using Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor (SIS) tunnel junction diodes. Here I review some of the challenges that were faced in pushing this technology from its first demonstrations around 100 GHz to its upper frequency limit beyond 1.2 THz.


Objective To analyze the prognostic factors of early glottic cancer (T1N0M0) treated with radiotherapy alone. Methods From 1958-1994, 238 patients (220 male) with T1N0M0 (UICC 1997) squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis were treated with radiotherapy alone through parallel opposing fields (median size, 22.5 ?cm 2) to a median dose of 68?Gy over a median of 52 days. Loco-regional control (LC) and overall survival (OS) rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Logrank and Cox regression analyses were used to identify the prognostic factors. Results The median follow-up time was 127 months (range, 4-410 months). The 5- and 10- year OS rates were 84.0% and 74.9%. The 5-year LC rate was 82.2%. Forty-four patients developed recurrent disease (41 locally, 2 in cervical lymph nodes, 1 lost to follow-up); 23 had second malignancies. Unfavorable prognostic factors of LC were bulky tumor (P=0.023), anterior commissura involvement (P=0.024), and reduction of hemoglobin during treatment (P=0.025). Conclusions Radiotherapy alone provides good control for early glottic cancer. However, the negative prognostic factors for LC are bulky tumor, anterior commissura involvement and reduction of hemoglobin during treatment.


When the power, water or gas is out because of an emergency, creative meals are often off the menu. Eating out of an emergency stockpile can mean dinner poured straight from a can.


Background: Polyhydramnios is defined as excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid of more than 2000ml.The reasons of polyhydramnios are either due to impaired foetal swallowing or foetal polyuria or increased placental secretion. Foetal and maternal causes account for 30-40% of cases, and 60-70% are idiopathic.An abnormal increase in amniotic fluid volume has been associated with increased frequency of both maternal and fetal complications. Objective: To study foetal and maternal outcome in pregnant women with polyhydramnios. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in obstetrics and gynaecology department in Mathura Das Mathur Hospital, Dr S N Medical College, Jodhpur, a tertiary care hospital, over a period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019. The diagnosis of all cases was made on the basis of history, clinical examination and ultrasonography. Results: During the study period of one year 9693 deliveries, out of these 134 had polyhydramnios, incidence being 1.38%.Majority of cases 92.5% were in the gestational age group from 37 weeks to 42 weeks and only 2.9 % cases were in gestational age group of 20 to 27 weeks and majority of cases 44.1% are >gravida2 followed by 2 gravida was 32.8%. Maternal conditions associated with polyhydramnios – Pre -eclampsia (17.2%) most commonly associated followed by anemia (14.2%) and diabetes mellitus (11.9%) and various maternal complications, out of which 10.4% cases were of preterm labor, 7.5% were of PROM, and 5.9% were of malpresentation. 73.1% patient delivered vaginally and 26.9% patients had LSCS.Perinatal complications are preterm birth (23.1%) was the most common complication followed by 19.4% infants had respiratory distress syndrome, 8.2% infants develop hypothermia and 5.9% infants develop jaundice. 88.1% of the babies of polyhydramnios were alive were of 6.7% IUD and 5.2% perinatal death.23.9% cases of polyhydramnios delivered babies with congenital anomaly. Conclusion: A good clinical examination can usually identify subjects with abnormal liquor volume. An increased liquor volume, inappropriate for gestational age is associated with an increased incidence of complications in labour, caesarean section and adverse perinatal outcome.


Summary.  Background: Plasma D‐dimer measurement is a widely used diagnostic test for assessing individuals with suspected venous thromboembolism (VTE). Whilst a negative test is helpful in ruling out thrombosis, the significance and determinants of an elevated plasma D‐dimer level in otherwise healthy subjects are poorly understood. Objectives: To determine the association between recognized risk factors for VTE and plasma D‐dimer levels in an adult population. Subjects and methods: Blood samples for measurement of plasma D‐dimer levels were obtained from 1000 adults aged <70 years who were participating in a study investigating the incidence of VTE in long distance air travellers. The relationship between D‐dimer levels and selected risks factors for VTE including thrombophilia status was investigated. Results: The median (Inter‐quartile range) D‐dimer level was 243 ng mL−1 (175–345). Multivariate analysis showed that plasma D‐dimer levels were positively associated with increasing age, larger body mass index, female gender, the use of hormone therapy, thrombophilia state, and the presence of co‐morbid conditions. Conclusion: Plasma D‐dimer levels vary markedly between individuals and are associated with known risk factors for VTE, including the presence of thrombophilia conditions. The potential role for the measurement of plasma D‐dimer as a marker for thrombosis risk requires further investigation.


Introduction CLASSIFICATION is traditionally accepted as one of the most difficult problems in the conflict of laws. Students are warned that, although the topic appears near the beginning of nearly all the textbooks, they would be well advised to postpone consideration of it until they have acquired a deeper knowledge of the whole subject. Yet Classification seems " difficult " in a sense different from, for example, the rule against perpetuities or the complexities of Moneypenny v. Dering, where, at least, it is possible eventually to arrive at some intelligible solution. Classification, on the other hand, seems akin to those questions in jurisprudence which ask: " I s Right or Duty paramount in a legal system?" or, even, " What is Law? "; questions which have exercised people's minds for long periods of time, and to which there is no one conclusive answer, either because the question is misunderstood, or because the various solutions propounded are not answers to the same question, but different answers to different questions. The result is that Classification has become a matter for academic discussion in a rarefied atmosphere, too recondite for appreciation by judges, who, although admittedly ignoring the problem, have, it is said, nevertheless adopted " unconsciously " a practice upon which it is possible to build up some coherent theory. Any theory which sets around itself an aura of intellectual isolation and which widens the gap between academic study and practice of the law is per se suspect. And, ultimately, it seems exceedingly odd that a topic which is, admittedly, a description of judicial technique should be apparently disregarded by those persons whose practice it is intended to describe. The purpose of this article is to suggest that, in practice, the courts in a case involving a problem in conflict of laws are concerned with classification in one sense only, and that, ultimately, this resolves itself into the problem of selection and interpretation of a rule of English or foreign law. " Classification " is therefore synonymous with


Based on Library Information Science Abstratcts,"information services" as key word,using AntConc analyzed all the English journal papers from 1967 ago.As a result,there is a technique route and get the high tide in 1990 or so.Information services abroad attach importance to technology,management and applications.


Frege's notion of Bedeutung is one of the most controversial notions in his philosophy. There is not even any agreement on how to translate the term into English. Different proposals have been made: "nominatum" (Carnap/Feigl), "reference" (Black), "significance" (Tugendhat), or "meaning". For a long time, Bedeutung was rendered by "reference", because Black had translated it that way in the Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege , edited by Geach and Black. Now they have changed their minds and translate Bedeutung as "meaning". The major disadvantage of using "reference" is supposed to be that it suggests a semantic relation between a name and the object designated by it. Fear of this implication would be misplaced. The real problem a translation is faced with stems from the fact that Frege draws a distinction by means of the two expressions Sinn and Bedeutung , both of which belong to colloquial German and are used in many contexts more or less synonymously. It may be that "sense" and "meaning" would best fit the distinction Frege is trying to make, but because rendering Bedeutung as "reference" has become well established in the literature, and because the expression "reference" seems to be harmless if one does not pre suppose the suggestion mentioned, I have chosen it for translating Bedeutung . What reason did Frege have for introducing the notion of reference? As we know, he used this notion to establish his new conception of judgement: The truth value of a sentence, as one of the components of his former notion of a judgeable content, was considered to be its reference.


The earliest Latin term from the first century BC was 'equarius medicus', although other titles such as 'mulomedicus' or 'medicus veterinarius' were also fairly common. While Hippocrates is best known for his studies on human health and illness, he was not thought to have actually practised 'animal healing'. The Hippocratic Corpus also introduced the idea that disease was caused by different types of imbalances of the four humours within the body. The 5th or 6th century AD Hippiatrika is said to be the 'principal monument' to Greek 'technical literature on the care and healing of horses'. This chapter argues that the history of human disease actually began with the domestication of animals and that it actually applies to all living creatures. In historiographical terms, the 'beginning' of British hippiatric medicine also marks the end of what is traditionally called the 'early Middle Ages'.Keywords: British hippiatric medicine; equine medicine; Hippiatrika; Hippocrates


One of the pressing problems facing security software today is that the defense strength for its process is not high, which makes the self-protection of software so inadequate that malicious application can terminate it by some ways. After analyzed the current status of the technology of process protection, a process-protecting project which is proposed in this paper, utilizes SSDT hook, inline hook and technique of two processes and three threads to construct a process-protecting system of high strength and multi-layered. This system contains three prevention mechanisms——monitor, guard, restore, can remedy the deficiency in a lot of security software that strength of software self-defense is not high, and enhance the ability of self-protection about software. Finally, experimental testing validate that the system has a strong ability to protect the process and terminate the malicious program to eliminate its threat in Windows. Therefore, it is effective for this system to further safeguard the safe operation of security software.


The aim of this study was to adapt into Turkish and examine the psychometric properties of the Beliefs about Appearance Scale (BAAS), which was developed by Spangler and Stice (2001) in order to measure the beliefs about appearance. The participants of the study were 274 current Sakarya University students. In this study, the psychometric properties of the scale were examined by means of item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, criterion-related validity, internal consistency and split-half reliability methods. The findings have confirmed that BAAS was a sufficiently valid and reliable measuring instrument.


A key component of the NHS long term plan was a set of commitments on personalised care.1 These included a target for 200 000 people to benefit from personal health budgets by 2023-24. The current number is around 40 000.2

This raises questions. For instance, will these budgets benefit the right people? Will they introduce risks or bring opportunity costs for other service users? Are they a cost effective use of scarce public resources, or would the money be better spent elsewhere? Are any safeguards required?

In England, personal budgets3 and direct payments linked to personalised care plans have existed in social care for some time. Their introduction was partly a response to …


Thank you very much for reading john bright and the empire. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this john bright and the empire, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer. john bright and the empire is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the john bright and the empire is universally compatible with any devices to read.


This paper combines two major strands of multilingualism research, namely that of the role of starting age in (multiple) foreign language (FL) learning, and that of the influence of bilingualism and biliteracy on third language (L3) acquisition. I report on the results of a five-year longitudinal study in Switzerland, in which we assessed the English development of 636 secondary school students, who had all learned Standard German and French at primary school, but only half of whom had had English from third grade (age 8) onwards, the remainder having started English instruction five years later at secondary school. The main goals were to analyze (1) whether early bilinguals were more successful than later bilinguals and monolinguals at learning a new language from primary school through the end of secondary school; and (2) how literacy skills in the home language(s) affected literacy development in EFL. The findings suggest that different learner populations (monolinguals, simultaneous bilinguals, sequential bilinguals) are differentially affected by age of EFL onset effects, partly due to individual differences (e.g. (bi)literacy skills), partly due to contextual effects that mediate successful L3 outcomes.


Water disinfection processes in the presence of titanium dioxide as a photo-catalyst material provide an interesting route to destroy contaminants, being operational in the UV-A domain with a potential use of solar radiation. In recent years, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have been developed to meet the increasing need of an effective wastewater treatment. AOP generates powerful oxidizing agent hydroxyl radicals which completely destroy the pollutants in waste water. Solar disinfection of drinking water with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles coated with photo-catalyst TiO2 has been shown to be very effective. The study is based on comparison between three systems for treating contaminated water samples using PET bottles. First system was a PET untreated bottle, the second system was a PET bottle coated with black paint on its outer surface. Finally the third system was a PET bottle coated also with a black coat on its outer surface and its inner part was treated with citric acid solution to enable np-TiO2 to cover the surface later on, then 0.2 g of np-TiO2 powder (of particle size <25 nm, Sigma-Aldrich) was added. The total bacterial accounts were determined to monitor the effect in the three systems. The experimental results have shown that disinfecting water with merely UV was less effective than combining the bottle with heat effect, and adding TiO2 film was further more benefited. This work can be applied in rural areas, with no technical support or need for expensive/dangerous chemicals for drinking safe water even if is stored for two days.