Dr Richard Arthur Fayrer-Hosken was born 26 January, 1954 in Gwelo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), Africa. He knew from an early age he wanted to follow in his father's footsteps and become a veterinarian. Dr Fayrer-Hosken received his BSc. In Zoology and Entomology from Rhodes University in 1975 and his veterinary degree fromUniversity of Pretoria in 1981, both in SouthAfrica. For the next three years he worked in mixed veterinary practices in Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia) and the USA before entering graduate school. His PhD from the University of Georgia was granted in 1987 for research on the 'Influence of cholesterol sulfate and carbohydratemoieties on rabbit sperm penetration of zonae pellucidae'. Other areas of research included the molecular basis of sperm-egg interaction and bovine in vitro fertilization with laparoscopically recovered follicular oocytes. After receiving his doctorate he served as an assistant researcher in physiology and pharmacology at UGA's College of Veterinary Medicine and joined the faculty as an assistant professor of Theriogenology in 1988. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 1993, granted tenure in 1994, and added a joint appointment in theDepartment of Physiology and LargeAnimal Medicine in 1999. Richardwas active in teaching and research at UGA until he retired in 2012. During his long academic career he was honoured with a Lilly teaching fellowship and numerous faculty awards for teaching excellence in animal reproduction with special emphasis on horses. In his quest to enhance learning and improve teaching techniques, Richard programmed and produced the Theriogenology Autotutorial System (Tas.). This series of instructional and interactive videos allowed veterinary students to independently learn semen evaluation in the bull, stallion, ram and dog, laparoscopic oocyte recovery in cows and reproductive endocrinology in several domestic species. The entire teaching system was placed on theUGA server andmade available on the internet. Richard shared his technical and research expertise with scores of veterinary and graduate students in the United States and SouthAfrica. Richardwas best known professionally for the development of a contraceptive vaccine to control populations of dogs, cats and elephants. His elephant immunocontraception work won a Creative Research award from UGA and a National Phi Zeta award for research excellence. In addition to veterinary physiology, biochemistry of reproduction, equine and small animal theriogenology, and wildlife veterinary medicine and immobilisation, his resident instruction lectures included current technologies in elephant and rhinoceros physiology. In later years his research focus, as well as his passion, was the monitoring and protection of elephants in Kruger National Park in South Africa. He enhanced animal care in that country by conducting veterinary medicine and immobilisation clinical rotations for veterinary students. From the time he joined the faculty at University of Georgia until the year he retired, Richard actively pursued and received grant funding for his research.Themajorityof hisgrants supported the development of injectable sterilant vaccines for dogs and cats. This work led to grants from agencies such as The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Humane Society of the United States to implement immunocontraception in feral pigs, freeroaming African elephants, feral horses and white-tailed deer. During his tenure at University of Georgia, Richard was active in developing the next generations of reproductive physiologists. He mentored 13 Master's students and shepherded 7 students through their PhD programs. Most of his students earned their advanced degrees from UGA studying equine semen cryopreservation and oocyte maturation, sperm capacitation, in vitro fertilization, cloning in dogs, and immunocontraception. He was drawn back to Africa to guide a doctoral student in exploring novel techniques to measure stress in wild-caught white rhinoceroses. Following his retirement from the university in 2012, Richard owned and operated SoRhoVet LLC, a solo equine theriogenology practice while continuing his elephant research. CSIRO PUBLISHING


In the arid landscapes like northwestern China, water shortage is one of the most influencing factors to restrict the socio-economic development during its long history. Since 1990s, agricultural water-saving technology has been adopted as an effective long-term solution for severe water shortages. However, during 1998-2010, the irrigation water consumption experienced significant rising while irrigation efficiency increased evidently, which indicates the occurrence of so-called irrigation efficiency paradox (IEP). There exist a lot of studies which explore its economic side using theory of rebound effect. However, other sides like policy or institution, which could be more important to understand the interactions between humans and water, have not yet been explored. In this study, a long-term (1950-2010) agriculture development in Bayingolin is firstly analyzed to provide a general context of IEP occurring during 1998-2010 and to identity the key feedback loops between human and water. A conceptual socio-hydrological model has been developed aiming to capture the rebound effect of technology and adaptation effect of society. The model can be used to identify potentially sustainable policy for agricultural development and water management in arid landscapes.


Now days Sorghum plants especially (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is considered to be the number fifth among the most important grains as food for human and animals, fiber production, and for energy production (Zheng et al., 2011). In warm and dry localities that suffering from unproductivity for many others cereals accompanied with little annual precipitation, S. bicolor cultivations still presenting satisfactory cereals and for biomass productivity (Ribas, 2003). Sorghum plants can be grown in environmental conditions that are adverse to many other crops, however the management cultivations strategies aiming to reduce the deleterious effect of salinity as an important factor to guarantee a suitable germination. The great importance interest of S. bicolor crop, attributed to his adaptive characteristics ability under salinity conditions, include efficient harmony between photosynthetic carbon and nitrogen assimilation, antioxidant defense system and its extensive root system that helps the plant to gather any trace of water (Dje et al., 1998). In this sense, diluted seawater application could be used, since it may raise the plant's tolerance ability to cop such stress (Kafi and Rahimi, 2011; Bafeel, 2014; Munns et al., 2006). Salinity represents a severe environmental issue that affects the productivity of cereal plants whereas about 33% of irrigated soils and 20% of cultivated land in the world were affected by salinity (Shrivastava and Kumar, 2014; Qadir et al., 2008). Ecotypes of salt-tolerant plants as cultivars, varieties, sub-varieties etc. of different species have been reported to be evolved in nature (Ashraf and Wu, 1994). Ashraf, (2004) reported that plant breeders had done an important achievements in a number of economic crops using conventional breeding approaches and an artificial plant selection. For example, investigating of ten salinity sensitive plants from sorghum genotypes and seven Saudi local cultivars of sorghum had been reported (Krishnamurthy et al., 2007; Bafeel, 2014). By using an artificial salt medium many cultivars of salt tolerance sorghum were reported (Azhar and McNeilly, 1987; El-Naim et al., 2012; Rani et al., 2012). In Saudi Arabia, the selection of sorghum plant genotypes under irrigation by the saline water had been investigated (Hefny et al., 2013; Metwali, 2013). Therefore, the aim of this research article is to evaluate and screen the effect the diluted natural Red seawater on S. bicolor seedlings. The performance of some physiological parameters Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 57(2)615-621;2020 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/19.844 http://www.pakjas.com.pk


Porous carbon is becoming an important and promising high-surface-area scaffold material for various energy-based applications including catalysis. Here we demonstrate the growth of urchin-like platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) on carbon monoliths derived from basswood that work as catalysts for micro underwater vehicle (MUV) propulsion via H2O2 decomposition. The carbon monoliths were constructed of natural basswood that was carbonized in argon (Ar) and subjected to a subsequent CO2 activation process that rendered the material into a hardened 3D porous activated carbonized wood (ACW) with inner channel voids measuring 10–70 μm in diameter. The PtNP nano-urchins (500 nm or less in total diameter, with individual nanospikes measuring 3–5 nm in diameter) form on the ACW via a facile electroless and template-free chemical deposition approach that utilizes the reduction of chloroplatinic acid. The developed PtNP–ACW hybrid material exhibited higher catalytic efficiency as compared to previously reported platinu...


A modification of the well-known Ramsay and Young method is described for the measurement of the vapour pressure of liquids. The method is simple to operate, and by restricting the length of vapour path, has been found suitable for reliable measurements to a lower limit of about 0?04 torr. The vapour pressure of tertiary butyl titanate has been measured from 0?06 to 10 torr, the vapour pressures of n-hexadecane and methyl laurate in the approximate range 0?04-200 torr, and those of chlorobenzene and bromobenzene from 16 torr to atmospheric pressure. Comparisons are made with literature vapour pressures for these materials.


Rabies is the most dreaded zoonotic disease. Modern cell culture derived vaccines have been used for pre bite and post bite immunization. SURE RAB TM has been manufactured by BIOMED (P) Ltd. in Vero cells using Pitman Moore strain of Rabies virus. The clinical study was done to test the safety and immunogenicity of SURE RAB TM in pre and simulated post bite vaccination schedules for intramuscular (I/M) and intradermal (I/D) vaccination. VERO RAB manufactured by Aventis Pasteur was used for comparison. One hundred ninety four healthy volunteers who gave informed consents participated in the study at three centers: Meerut (U.P.), Aligarh (U.P.) and Bhavnagar (Gujarat). The volunteers were divided in seven groups who were vaccinated with either vaccine as per pre bite (I/M & I/D) or post bite (I/M & I/D - 2 Nos.) schedules. The reactogenicity was noted and immunogenicity was evaluated at 0, 7 &/or 14, 28-30 & 45 days of vaccination by ELISA test (BIO RAD) and RIFFIT tests. Both the vaccines were found to be minimally reactogenic and conferred equally good immune responses which far exceeded the WHO's requirements of ≥ 0.5 I.U. per ml. SURE RAB TM and VERO RAB proved equally safe and immunogenic when used as I/M or I/D schedules of vaccination. Statistically insignificant differences (95% C.I.) in immune response induced by three consecutive batches of SURE RAB TM validated the


Maintenance of cerebral perfusion pressure is a prerequisite for the prevention of cerebral ischemia. Physiological fluctuations in systemic perfusion pressure are compensated by cerebrovascular autoregulation. Cerebral hypoperfusion could result from (1) systemic hemodynamic failure (eg, distal to severe arterial stenosis), overcharging the vasoregulatory capacity; (2) dysfunction and exhaustion of cerebrovascular autoregulation; or (3) both.


A mine having five quarries needs at least 10 tippers out of 17 to be in running condition for a particular shift. However, with the poor availability of the tippers, the production was hampered. Substantial improvement of availability and utilisation of tippers under the existing infrastructure of the system was of primary concern to the plant management. Performance of all the tippers was evaluated through Mean Time-to-Failure (MTTF) and Mean Down Time (MDT) including the overall system performance. Based on Weibull(b, c) and Exponential(λ) distributions, the reliability of all the tippers (component reliability) along with the overall system reliability with respect to 10-out-of-17 structure was computed. Next, tippers were clustered, using k-means clustering algorithm, and the group reliabilities were obtained which led to different options for improving the overall system's reliability. The Pareto Principle was adopted to identify dominant failure modes. Using the matrix of interrelationship, five failure modes were found to be self-inducing in nature. The minimum number of repairmen required to keep the desired number of tippers running with a certain probability was determined, through simulation technique, using the classical repairmen model. The net effect of implementation of suitable preventive maintenance activities along with overhauling, training, ordering strategy of spare parts and maintenance crew restructuring was an increase in average utilisation of tippers from 66.8% to the level of 75%, whereas the system availability has improved to 85.75% from the earlier level of 78.34%.


Objective To approach the effects of metformin combined rosiglitazone sodium on the glycolipid metabolism and insulin resistance of type 2 diabetic mellitus patients and its mechanism.Methods 42 determined type 2 diabetic mellitus patients were received metformin and rosiglitazone sodium for 12 weeks.Fasting blood sugar(FBS),postprandial blood sugar(PBS),fasting insulin and blood lipid ect were measured before and after the treatment,Homeostasis Model Assessment for insulin resistance[HOMA(IR)],compared with the normal.Besides,free fatty acids(FFA) and C reactive protein(CRP) were also measured before and after the treatment.Results Compared with the normal,FBS,PBS,HbA1c,LDL,TC,TG,FFA,CRP,IR were notablely increased in type 2 diabetic patients.Compared with pret'reatment data,FBS,PBS,HbA1c,IR,FFA,CRP levels after treatment notablely decreased in type 2 diabetic patients(P0.01),LDL,TC,TG also decreased(P0.01).Conclusion Combination of rosiglitazone sodium and metformin significantly decreased CRP,FFA,improved insulin resistance and then improved glycolipid metabolism.


From Jan. 1979- Jan. 1990.560 thyroidectomies were performed by the author in Hilla Surgical Hospital. Most of the patients were continu ously followed up. ]11e result of low morbidity and no mortality as wen as with low rate of recurrence, sex, age ratio are dis c,ussed, the result of types of opera tlOns and the length of stay in hospi tal are mentioned. Post - operative follow up of all patients with administration of thyroxine done, thyroid hormon (L T'hyroxine) should be administered as post operative follow up to all women of child bearing age. Surgical management of recur rent goitre are mentioned.


The present invention provides a management system and method for remotely controlling an environmental pollution abatement facility. The management system includes a third-party administrative organization, a central operation control system, an on-site automatic control system and the environmental pollution abatement facility. The third-party administrative organization connects the central operation control system through man-machine conversation. The central operation control system connects the on-site automatic control system through the internet. The on-site automatic control system connects the environmental pollution abatement facility through an electronic control system. The management system and method reduce the daily operation cost and technical support construction cost of the environmental pollution facility by depending on the third-party administrative organization, simultaneously realize the automatic operation of the environmental pollution facility, realize the round-the-clock operation with unattended operation, save human cost and avoid the problem of talent shortage.


This paper reports on a student-created and facilitated peer-tutoring activity to assist first-year students in preparing for their final exam in an introductory information technology course. Tutors at the CIS Sandbox, a collaborative learning lab at an American university, offered a series of "Crunch Sessions" to their peers. This paper examines how these sessions model characteristics of peer tutoring, and describes how social media and Internet-based collaboration tools support a blended learning environment where an in-person event is aligned with a web presence. Interviews with student tutors and participants suggest that the peer relationship between tutors and tutees was conducive to an open exchange of questions and answers among participants, and that the sessions contributed to student learning for those who attended. Implications for designing and researching online peer learning activities in higher education contexts are discussed.


In spite of the experience of industrial countries, information and communication technology (ICT) in developing countries can be a major important factor for fast and quick access of these countries to the higher levels of development. For the reason that developing economies do not act at optimized and effective conditions, so the introduction of ICT in such economies provides potential in grant authority to these economies to go through the steps of development more quickly. In present article, the internal use strategy of ICT is compared with export of productions and services of technology (as a resource of exchange-bringing to the countries) that which one of these technologies has the more importance in economical development of countries specially developing countries and Iran. Key word: ICT, strategy of ICT, economical development


In this paper, the robust yaw stability control based on active steering control is proposed for electric vehicles (EVs). A two degree of freedom control method by a disturbance observer is applied to control design for yaw stabilization. Moreover, the feed-forward disturbance compensator is designed to compensate unexpected yaw moment caused by torque differences between left and right driving motors. The model uncertainty including unmodeled high frequency dynamics and parameter variations occurs in the wide range of driving situations. Hence, a robust control design method is applied to controller design for guaranteeing robust stability and performance of the control system. The control performance of the proposed yaw stability control system is verified through computer simulations.


An analytical study was carried out to assess the improved seismic performance of typical reinforced concrete bridges in California by utilizing two performance-enhancement techniques. The technologies considered were lead rubber bearing isolators located underneath the superstructure and fiber-reinforced concrete for the construction of the bridge piers. Seismic performance was measured in terms of different engineering demand parameters on major bridge components in addition to traditional force and displacement demands. A typical five-span, single column-bent reinforced concrete bridge was redesigned using the two performance enhancement techniques and modeled in the OpenSees structural analysis package. Two alternative designs of the isolated bridge were analyzed, one with elastic column behavior and the other with minor inelastic column behavior (maximum displacement ductility demand of 2). Special reinforcement details were used for the plastic hinge zone of the fiber-reinforced concrete columns, previously tested in a separate experimental study. Pushover and nonlinear time history analyses using 140 ground motions were carried out for the different bridge systems. The static and dynamic analysis results demonstrate the effectiveness of bridge isolation in significantly reducing the displacement and force demand on the bridge piers. The use of fiber-reinforced concrete in the construction of bridge columns results in increased damage-tolerance, shear strength, and energy dissipation under cyclic loading of these structural members. The cost-effectiveness of these two performance enhancement strategies is demonstrated in a companion paper.


This study was about to test and gather the empirical proof about the impact of support from top management, personal ability, AIS formalization development, training, user involvement, and the use of technology to the effectiveness of accounting information system in the mini market of Singaraja city. This study used primary data as the source of data in which the data was quantitative data which was collected by using questionnaire by the staff of the mini market. The data were analyzed by using multiple regression approach. The result showed that the support of top management, personal ability, training, user involvement and the use of technology had positive significant on the effectiveness of accounting information system, then the AIS formalization development had no impact on the effectiveness of accounting information system.


This thesis stems from an investigation on the productivity that would be able to have the front end loader ,team of transporting and excavator in activities observations at field accomplished the movement of lands at locality, during six months themselves and they drank themselves enough data to be examined statistically, As a Result information obtained in his majority of the book initiated the conformation of a data base on the theoretic productivity itself productivity in works of the construction of Virgilio Ghio Castillo where comparing them to the productivity of the elks and after the application of philosophy Lean identifying the activities that do not generate value utilizing the Letter Balance, Factors of production that you assist with programmings, Diagrams of Pareto, Percentage of Activities Completed that you help us in the confidence of the fulfillment of programming and for last Planner that you examine the fulfillment of delivery of information thanks to these tools of production we can have a continuous improvement introducing an innovative focus of the administration that is taking more every day force worldwide level: "Read Construction " reducing the losses to long of the productive flow whereby our end is to improve the ideal production of material doing that this be older and in the minor time.


One kind of random FM noise canceler circuit which amplitude limiter and the guide is simultaneously modulated wave received pilot signal with a constant value and is phase-modulated wave mixing, the random FM noise suppression comprising the pilot signal included in the the random FM noise is modulated waves, the relaxation characteristics of the band pass filters required. A first band-pass filter 10 is removed by the high frequency input signal frequency to be received by inverter 11 which converts the output of the low frequency signal, for extracting a random FM noise, and suppress the pilot signal at low frequencies.


Introduction: It has been shown that the time needed to program a motor response depends on its complexity. This study compared the latencies of responses constituted by two, four, six and eight submovements in a simple reaction time task (SRT) and a choice reaction time task (CRT). Method: Sixteen right-handed young adults performed each task. They did four testing sessions separated by an interval of one month. Two, four, six or eight submovements, in a pseudorandom order, were required each time. In these sessions a target stimulus was presented on the left, right or left and right sides of a fixation mark located in the center of a monitor screen. The SRT group responded to this stimulus with the left hand in one block of 21 trials, with the right hand in another block of 21 trials and with both hands in another block of 21 trials, also in a pseudorandom order. The CRT group responded to the left hemifield stimulus with the left hand, to the right hemifield stimulus with the right hand and to the bilateral stimulus with both hands, in each one of the three blocks. Results: Reaction time was longer for the CRT task than for the SRT task (p<0,001). In both tasks reaction time increased with the number of submovements. In the SRT task, the eight submovements-response started later than the two submovements-response (p=0,044). On the other hand, in the CRT task, the six and eight submovements-responses started later than the two submovements-response (respectively, p=0,007 and p=0,001); the eight submovements-response started later than the four submovements-response (p=0,043). In the CRT task, the bilateral response started later than the unilateral condition (p<0,001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that motor programming duration for both simple and choice tasks increases with the number of submovements of the response.


Future roadways will have a mix of autonomous and automated vehicles with regular vehicles that require human operators. To ensure the safety of all the road users in such a network, it is necessary to enhance the performance of the present Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) for lower classes of vehicles. Real-time driving safety risk prediction is an essential element of an ADAS. In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven approach to predict traffic safety risk that can be customized for individual drivers by including driver-specific variables. In particular, we have used the elastic net regularized multinomial logistic regression and data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) naturalistic driving study to build the predictive models. This paper rigorously examines the variables in the data set and performs data preparation and feature engineering steps to enhance the prediction performance with respect to model predictors. The model produces good results, and model adaptation/extensions for further improvements are discussed in the conclusion section. Two versions of the model are presented according to the level of warnings that the model can generate based on driving conditions. This paper provides a brief overview of the potential applications of the work.


It discloses a cement grinding aid and a preparation method of the present invention, the raw material from 10% to 30% of triethanolamine, 12% to 30% of triisopropanolamine, 5% to 20% ethylene glycol, 3% to 10% propylene glycol, 15% to 40% water, 1% to 5% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 3% to 10% lignin, 2% to 5% over anhydrous sodium sulfate; water in an autoclave and heated to 40 ~ 50 ℃ standby; sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was added, stirred for 15 minutes; anhydrous sodium sulfate was added and stirred for 10 minutes, then add the lignin was stirred for 30 min; the kettle material was filtered through a 150 mesh screen ; ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and stirred for 20 min; triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine stirred for 30 minutes, to obtain the product aids. This can improve the grinding efficiency of cement grinding aid, cement improved early and late strength, to reduce the cost of cement.


The path integral quantization method is applied to a relativistically covariant version of the Hopfield model, which represents a very interesting mesoscopic framework for the description of the interaction between quantum light and dielectric quantum matter, with particular reference to the context of analogue gravity. In order to take into account the constraints occurring in the model, we adopt the Faddeev-Jackiw approach to constrained quantization in the path integral formalism. In particular we demonstrate that the propagator obtained with the Faddeev-Jackiw approach is equivalent to the one which, in the framework of Dirac canonical quantization for constrained systems, can be directly computed as the vacuum expectation value of the time ordered product of the fields. Our analysis also provides an explicit example of quantization of the electromagnetic field in a covariant gauge and coupled with the polarization field, which is a novel contribution to the literature on the Faddeev-Jackiw procedure.


PURPOSE
This prospective longitudinal study aimed to explore (a) the development of social-pragmatic understanding of children with bilateral hearing aids (BiHAs), bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs), and typical hearing (TH) between the ages of 4 and 6 years and (b) group differences between children with BiHAs, BiCIs, and TH.

METHOD
The Pragma test was used for a comprehensive assessment of social-pragmatic understanding of a total of 86 children: 19 children with BiHAs, 22 children with BiCIs, and 45 children with TH. The Pragma test requires answering socially and contextually demanding questions and explaining the right answers. The explanation tasks are targeted at studying the participant's own awareness of the inferencing process. The children in this study were assessed yearly at the ages of 4, 5, and 6 years.

RESULTS
The participants with BiHAs, BiCIs, and TH showed significant development in their social-pragmatic understanding between the ages of 4 and 6 years, but most children with hearing loss (HL) still did not meet age expectations at the age of 6 years. Children with BiHAs and BiCIs both showed large-scale inferential difficulties, including utilizing theory of mind, utilizing verbal and visual information, and understanding conversational norms and emotions in context.

CONCLUSIONS
Children with BiHAs and BiCIs are at risk of delays in social-pragmatic understanding despite early detection of HL, early amplification, and cochlear implantation. Therefore, the social-pragmatic abilities of children with HL should be assessed regularly, and the children with HL should have early access to social-pragmatic interventions where utilizing contextual information is practiced comprehensively.


Detection of diotic and dichotic tones partially masked by noise was studied in the cat. The continous noise masker was always diotic. The single gated tone bursts had frequencies of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kHz and were presented in phase (N0S), 180° out of phase (N0Sπ), and monaurally (N0SM). The transducers were held in a fixed spatial relation to the auditory canal by means of "pinna inserts" and leather helmets. An avoidance response in a shuttle box was used as the dependent variable. In contrast to human observers the cat displayed as large a release from masking at 1.0 and 1.5 kHz, as at 0.5 kHz. At 1.5 kHz, the cat shows a significantly greater release from masking than the human.


Objective To determine the frequency of bacteremia and pathogens, mortality rate in patients after cardiac surgery. Materials and methods There was performed a retrospective analysis of bacteremia for 13 years from 2000 to 2012 after 8292 cardiac surgeries. Identification of the causative agents of bacteremia was carried out with the use of panels BD Crystal and database BBL Crystal MIND, the detection of susceptibility of microbes to antibiotics by disk diffusion method in accordance with the standards NCCLS. Results The frequency of bacteremia decreased over the study period, from 6.8% in 2000 -2004 to 3.6% in 2010 2012. Bacteremia accounted for the bulk of postoperative infectious complications (PIC) 77.8% 80.4%. There is given the characteristic of the frequency of isolation in bacteremia with Gr+ and Grmicrobes, as well as the severity of PICs. In the spectrum of blood in bacteremias coagulase negative staphylococcocci prevailed at the background of the general dominance of Gr+ microflora. There was noted the resistance of gram-positive microflora to beta-lactam antibiotics and multiple resistance to antibiotics of non-fermenting bacteria except Polymyxine, Tigacil, and Cefepime, sulperazon


Against the background of the recognized fact that one of the objectives of Nigeria National Housing Policy of 1991 was to ensure that all Nigerians own or have access to decent housing at affordable cost by the year 2000, this paper examines Public-private sector involvement in Housing Finance in Nigeria to achieve the stated objectives. The achievements and failures of both housing programs were analyzed and the paper found out that housing cost is still on the high side as Public housing finance in Nigeria did not yield much result. Also noticed was that housing affordability is still a mirage by the masses as housing finance provision has been left at the doorsteps of the private sector.The paper concludes by suggesting full involvement of the public sector in the provision of housing finance in Nigeria among others in order to make decent housing accessible to all. Keywords: Public sector, Private sector, Public-Private Partnership, Sustainability, Open Space, Housing cost, Housing finance and Housing affordability.


In practical applications, it is difficult to obtain enough fault samples to train a fault classification model for rolling bearings, and the specifications of bearings used in different mechanical equipment may be different. The diagnosis model trained on a certain specification of bearing may not be applicable to another specification. To solve the above problems, a few-shot rolling bearing fault classification method is proposed, based on an improved relation network (RN). First, a Fourier transform is applied to the vibration signals of different specifications of bearings. The data from different specifications are divided into a meta-train set and a meta-test set according to the meta-learning training strategy, and each set is further divided into a support set and a query set. Second, an improved RN is built. The residual shrinkage module and the scaled exponential linear unit activation function are introduced into the embedding module of the RN. The improved embedding module is used to extract the sample features of the support set and query set, and then the features of the two are combined and input into the relation module to get the relation score. The query set samples are classified according to the score. Finally, the rolling bearing fault classification model is obtained after multiple episodes. The experimental results show that, compared with the partial transfer learning and meta-learning methods, the proposed method only needs a few or even a single sample to achieve the fault classification of different specifications of rolling bearings under different loads. In the case of one-shot, the average classification accuracy can reach 93.3%.


Envelope: Estimation of Bottleneck and Available Bandwidth over Multiple Congested Links. (December 2004) Amit Bhati, B.Tech., Kakatiya University, India Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Dmitri Loguinov Bandwidth estimation has been extensively researched in the past. The majority of existing methods assume either negligible or fluid cross-traffic in the network during the analysis. However, on the present-day Internet, these assumptions do not always hold right. Hence, over such paths the existing bandwidth estimation techniques become inaccurate. In this thesis, we explore the problem assuming arbitrary cross-traffic and develop a new probing method called Envelope, which can simultaneously estimate bottleneck and available bandwidth over an end-to-end path with multiple heavily congested links. Envelope is based on a recursive extension of the stochastic queuing model first proposed by Kang, Liu, Dai and Loguinov (2004), and a modified packet-train methodology. We use two small packets to surround the probing packet-trains and preserve the inter-packet spacing of probe traffic at each router in the path-suffix. The preserved spacings are then used by the receiver to estimate bandwidth. We first reproduce results for a single congested router case using the model proposed by Kang et al. Next, we extend it to the case of multiple congested routers with arbitrary cross-traffic and develop the methodology Envelope. We evaluate the performance of Envelope in various network path topologies and cross-traffic conditions through extensive NS-2 simulations. We also evaluate various probe-traffic parameters which affect the accuracy of this method and obtain the range of values for these parameters that provide good estimation results. Finally, we compare the bandwidth estimation results of our method with the results of other existing meth-


the ways in which language speaks to us about the ways we speak the language" (p. 14). His analysis of Spenser's use of the word "rede" is an example of this; at such times he usefully shows us how to read the poem, in the manner of Tuve, Alpers, and Giamatti. But he does this at the price of ignoring his own idealist model of metaphor, and of admitting the existence of a poet who doubts his access to such an Idea. I think he would have been better off without the model in the first place; some of his essays, on The Shepheardes Calender and on Cupid in Faerie Queene III, were stronger in their earlier published forms, before being revised for inclusion here, with the added baggage of this Sidneyan thesis. The volume is divided between a collection of essays on selected minor poems, and three chapters on The Faerie Queene: on the proems, on "rede," and on Book III. The essay on "The Ruines of Time" is perhaps the weakest, since it continues to argue unpersuasively (though less sweepingly than in its original publication in SP) for the direct participation of Colin Clout in that poem; it also cites, silently, Shepherd's edition of the Apology instead of the Clarendon text used elsewhere in this book. In his attempt to find common ground between Sidney and Spenser, DeNeef has raised questions that need further consideration; but the conceptual framework of this study is too narrow to contain either poet. Their relationship to continental romance traditions is largely ignored here; and yet this is surely where one must look for an understanding of the poem's deferral of meaning, the "continued" nature of the metaphor which DeNeef addresses in his final pages. As Patricia Parker and Jonathan Goldberg have shown, the elements of such narrative dilation were present in the texts Spenser was imitating and tracing. For Sidney as well, the deconstruction of metaphor was not necessarily, or not only, a misconstruction. UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST Donald Cheney


This paper reviews the recent progress of using characteristic mode analysis (CMA) for the design and optimization of lossy structures, with a focus on the strategies of using CMA for metabsorbers. The new perspective and performance of the metabsorber brought by the introduction of CMA are addressed.


Films of lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) on Pt and stainless steel (SS) substrates are deposited by electrochemical oxidation of dilithium phthalocyanine $(Li_{2}Pc)$ in dimethyl sulfoxide or acetone consisting of $LiBF_{4}$ as the supporting electrolyte. Unlike the powdery deposits of LiPc obtained by using tetrabutyl ammonium perchlorate (TBAP) as the supporting electrolyte, the deposits are adherent to the substrates when $LiBF_{4}$ is used as the supporting electrolyte. Chemical oxidation of $(Li_{2}Pc)$ by TBAP is shown to be detrimental for the formation of powdery electrodeposits of LiPc, whereas $LiBF_{4}$ does not oxidize $(Li_{2}Pc)$ and therefore adherent films of LiPc are obtained by electro-oxidation. Furthermore, the kinetics of electro-oxidation of $(Li_{2}Pc)$ to LiPc is different in TBAP and $LiBF_{4}$ solutions, as inferred from the nature of cyclic voltammograms and also the values of transfer coefficient. The oxidation of $(Li_{2}Pc)$ occurs at higher potentials on SS in relation to the reaction on Pt. Nevertheless, LiPc films are adherent on both substrates and their crystal structure corresponds to \alpha-phase. The LiPc/Pt electrodes exhibit electrochemical activity, whereas LiPc/SS electrodes exhibit capacitive behavior. The texture of LiPc on both Pt and SS is found to be fiber-like.


The relevance of the topic of protecting mobile devices from cyber attacks is due to a significant increase in the number and share of mobile gadgets among modern devices for accessing the Internet. The purpose of the article is to mathematically substantiate and formalize the models of the most common attacks on mobile devices. On the basis of the constructed models, methods are proposed to prevent and neutralize intrusions into the system of smartphones and tablet computers. Method: applied system analysis of the results of generalization and classification of typical types of attacks on mobile devices, elements of the theory of probability. Results: the features of mechanisms for the formation of vulnerabilities of mobile devices were determined. The important aspects of determining the effectiveness of modern technologies for protecting against cyber attacks on mobile devices are identified. A brief overview of the main approaches to mathematical modeling of the most common attacks is given. Additional requirements are formulated for an adequate choice of protection methods depending on the type of attacks. Recommendations are formulated to ensure the security of a mobile device against threats. Methods for reducing the probability of system damage by the most common attacks are proposed.


Platinum agents have been used for a variety of cancers, including pivotal use in pediatric tumors for many years. Oxaliplatin, a third generation platinum, has a different side effect profile and may provide improved activity in pediatric cancers.


Like an understudy who outshines the absent star, the trucking industry established itself during a temporary "absence" of railroads, and the railroads never regained the spotlight. During World War I, when the rails were nationalized to assure speedy transport of military troops and supplies, they were often forced to suspend shipment of other freight. Motor carriers took up the slack. The railroads returned to private control in 1920, but by then, trucks were an accepted form of transportation, and their use quickly expanded.The railroads campaigned for state controls that would limit the competitive advantage of the trucking industry. The railroad industry had itself been regulated for many years--both by state commissions and by the Interstate Commerce Commission, established in 1887 for that purpose. Maximum-rate controls shielded merchants and formers from monopolistic pricing. Even more important as a historical explanation for regulation, minimum-rate controls protected the railroads from one another. But the same regulation that restrained rate cutting within the rail industry left railroads vulnerable to competition from outside.


Arthur C. Danto was one of the most influential and prolific philosophers of art of the second half of the twentieth century. More particularly, his encounter with the art of Andy Warhol in 1964 became a crucial moment that would catapult his lifelong attempt to spell out the theoretical conditions of contemporary art, and the implications those conditions held for art history and criticism. In this article, however, I show that Danto was in fact primed for his encounter with Warhol by the newly emerging identity of Anglo-American analytic philosophy at mid-century. Using unpublished archival material, I show that Danto's fundamental insights in his first two major essays in the philosophy of art, "The Artworld" (1964) and "Artworks and Real Things" (1973), were in place at least two years before his chance meeting with Warhol's artwork. In making this more modest historical claim, however, I argue that Danto was part of a broader generation of philosophers who were attempting to work through some of the fundamental problems raised by the naturalist tradition of American thought since the late nineteenth century, problems that became central to the emerging identity of analytic philosophy in its early stages. Among the most pressing of these problems was how values functioned in a naturalistic universe absent theological or metaphysical grounding. Drawing from this philosophical space, Danto's account of art deeply influenced the direction of Anglo-American philosophy of art during the second half of the twentieth century. In the process, he became one of the most significant theorists of contemporary art in the English-speaking world.


Abstract Abstract Data from two samples were pooled to test the hypothesis that age and illness intrusiveness (illness-induced disruptions to lifestyles, activities, and interests) interact to influence psychological well-being and emotional distress in multiple sclerosis (MS). Respondents (n = 774 MS outpatients) completed the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) and Affect Balance Scales (ABS) in a standardized interview. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses, controlling for severity of MS and for recent stressful life events, indicated that the Age × Illness Intrusiveness interaction was statistically significant for both ABS and CES-D scores. The form of the interaction was consistent across measures: increasing illness intrusiveness was associated with a more markedly deleterious psychosocial impact (i.e. decreasing psychological well-being and increasing emotional distress) among young as compared to older individuals. Considered in the context of r...


We present design, fabrication and characterization of thermo-optically tunable photonic crystal light modulator. Thermo-optic effect of silicon was utilized to change refractive index of silicon and photonic band dispersion to realize tunable photonic crystal devices.


This module provides instruction on the Four-Step Compliance Procedure, including how to reinforce compliance and how to manage episodes of noncompliance.


arranged either on the basis of topic or representation from different countries. At the final banquet the general feeling was of having attended an important event in the development of dance in the Philippines. The number of dance scholars working in the Philippines, the participation of people from all over the country, the establishment of the APDA Philippine Chapter, and the high standards of performances by the four companies resident at the CCP all contributed to the success of the Manila International Dance Conference.


Nuclear power programme of India envisages a large-scale utilization of thorium as it has large deposits of thorium while the availability of uranium is limited. A thorium based Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) is being designed and developed in India for thorium utilization. AHWR is a 920 MWth / 300 MWe, vertical pressure tube type thorium-based reactor cooled by boiling light water and moderated by heavy water. It uses thorium in closed fuel cycle with U in a self-sustaining configuration employing plutonium as the external fissile feed and derives about two-third of its power from thorium fuel. It has several passive safety features including negative coolant void reactivity coefficient and heat removal through natural circulation. All through the design development of AHWR use has been made of our experience in design, operation and safety aspects of Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) and Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) currently operating in India. In this paper, we give a brief account of the physics design features/ objectives and how they have been achieved in the current design.


Provided is a driving force transmission device including a sun gear that rotates by receiving a driving force from a driving source, an internal gear that is arranged coaxially with the sun gear, a planetary gear that engages with the sun gear and the internal gear, a rotary member that is provided coaxially with the sun gear and the internal gear and installed with the planetary gear so as to rotate corresponding to revolution of the planetary gear, and an urging member that urges the planetary gear toward the rotary member.


A method of continuous resiotivity variation is used for the inversion of the ma-gnetotelluric sounding data along the Beijing-Baigezhuang profile in the northern part of North China, and the latest result is obtained about the electrical structure of the crust and the upper mantle. To test the reliability of the acceptable models the Backus-Gilbert appraisal method is applied. In the electrical structure obtained the shallow low resistivity zones correspond to Cenozoic sediments. The high conductivity zones occur at the middle crust in the studied region, and they are thicker beneath depressions than those beneath uplifts. The depth of high conductivity zones in the upper mantle varies laterally and significantly. For example, the depth of resistivity contour of one ohm-meter is more than 70km beneath the Cangxian uplift, about 60km beneath the central Hebei depression, and about 50 krn beneath the Huanghua depression. The resistivity value of the high conductivity zone in the upper mantle tends to decrease from west to east.The resistivity-depth curves within the crust are in good agreement with the velocity-depth curves for three principal tectonic units: the central Hebei depression, the Cangxian uplift and the Huanghua depression. The high conductivity zones in the upper mantle coincide with inverted velocity layers obtained by teleseismic data. The difference in electrical resistivity between uplift and depression reflects a lateral in-homogenety in the deep structure, and also has close relation Jo the temperature distribution in the depth. These results are interesting for further investigation of the tectonic movement and the evolution of the basins and the earthquake background of the North China plain.


On April 19, 2017, the Supreme Court of India(SC) passed an important judgment with respect to the fraught Babri Masjid demolition case.


This study investigated the relationship among learning authenticity, motivation, and achievement in web-based project learning. Sixty-eight undergraduates who attended a web-based project were participants. Following are the results: 1) Learning authenticity predicted motivation (β = .672, p < .05) and achievement (β = .554, p < .05), 2) Motivation predicted achievement (β = .583, p < .05). 3) Motivation mediated the relationship between learning authenticity and achievement. More specifically, task value and self-efficacy were two mediating sub-variables under motivation where resource authenticity predicted perceived achievement. Implications for enhancing learning authenticity and suggestions for future research were discussed.


Early marriage is a marriage performed before 20 years. Early marriage to be related with health reproduction and demography. In 2006 there were 22% early marriage in Banyumanik Subdistric, Pudakpayung (27%), Banyumanik (16%), Jabungan (9%), Tinjomoyo (9%) was the villages with highest number of early marriage. The purpose of this study was to analyze relationship beetwen knowledges and demography factors with early marriage in Banyumanik subdistric . This research used explanatory research with cross-sectional study design. Sample in this study were 1 19woman who perfom her marriages in the period of 2016 . The sample was selected by proporsional random sampling . Data analyzed with univariat, bivariate with chi square test, multivariate with logistic regression, and significance level α= 5%. The results showed that respondents with low education (46.2%), less sexual behavior in dating (48,7%), the income of parents low from UMR (61,3%), less knowledges (58%), and (33%) early marriage incident. There are relation of knowledge respondents (p value=0.043), the income of parents (pvalue=0.001) but there is no relation of sexual behavior in dating (p value=0.078) and  educational respondent (p value=0.173) with early marriage incident. Have an both relation between knowledge and family impact with early maariage. for girls suggest to increase their knowledges obout health reproduction and family planning in promotion from primary health center. In each activity such us promotion, simulation, and interpersonal communication.


-We radio-tagged and monitored adult female Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) with broods to evaluate effects of habitat management on home-range size and patterns of habitat use. Experimental habitat management consisted of short-rotation clearcutting of 1ha forest patches to create various-aged forest stands of mixed oak (Quercus spp.) and aspen (Populus tremuloides, P gradidentata)/scrub oak (Q. Ilicifolia, Q. prinoides). Home range size was not significantly different between grouse occupying managed and an adjacent unmanaged forest. Female grouse with broods selected mixed oak/scrub oak habitats and avoided herbaceous areas, recent clearcuts, and pitch pine (Pinus rigida) /scrub oak habitats throughout the study area. On the managed area, grouse selected 10-yr-old clearcut patches in mixed oak and aspen/scrub oak. Sites used by grouse had higher densities of woody stems 2.5-7.5cm dbh, greater % cover of live vegetation at 0-2 m, and were closer to edges and openings than random sites. Habitat management practices positively affected one microhabitat component, distance to nearest edge, that was selected by female grouse with broods. USO DE HABITAT VERANIEGO EN LA PENNSYLVANIA CENTRAL POR BONASA


A quad chip module hybrid assembled with FE-I4B chips has been fabricated to test performance in a serially powered module chain as would be used in the upgraded ATLAS pixel layer at the High Luminosity LHC. This poster present results of the development of a flex circuit board interface for the quad chip modules and system integration tests of modules installed on an I-beam. Experience from these hybrid assemblies will inform the design of a flex hybrid for the new large format readout chip, RD53A, which will be produced in 2017 by the RD53 collaboration.


Anti-roll bars are structures in automobiles that aim to increase the driving comfort by reducing the vibration of the roll angle during the vehicle's movement. It also assists the self-steering behavior of the vehicle chassis, improving the vehicle's drivability. Finite Element Method (FEM) is a known method to discretize a flexible structure mathematical model in space (that is represented by a partial differential equation, or EDP) in order to obtain a numerical solution given the initial and contour conditions. This model frequently includes parameters that are random variables or stochastic process (which is an indexed set of random variables) and in order to cope with this problem, it is necessary to use a stochastic extension of the FEM method known as the Stochastic Finite Element Method (SFEM). This method merges the Finite Element Method with stochastic numerical methods like Monte Carlo, Polynomial Chaos and Karhunen-Loeve expansion.

This paper presents a SFEM model of the structural flexibility of the anti-roll bar (a distributed parameter model), as well as its integration with the lateral dynamic of the vehicle (that is a concentrated parameter model). The global computational model can be solved using numerical software, like MATLAB/Simulink. The sources of randomness are parameters in the model (specifically, the total mass of the vehicle's chassis) and the soil profile, that is modeled by a stochastic process. This profile is discretized in the random domain by a Karhunen-Loeve series. It also reviews the vehicle roll dynamic and describes the fundamental concepts used by the Stochastic Finite Element Method applied to dynamic modeling of flexible structures. The influence of the system is illustrated through simulation examples comparing a model with anti-roll system to another without it.


Polysemy is a common linguistic phenomenon,the use of the similarity of two concepts,to express the unknown with the known concept of the concept of metaphor to understand and master the cognitive model polysemy plays an important role.This paper analyzes the metaphor of the impact of polysemy and propose the basic category terms by mastering to find meaning and similarity between the understanding of metaphor in the context of metaphors and other methods to improve cognitive ability.


The contribution of seed treatment with a nitrogen fixer (Azospirillum brasilense) and phosphobacteria (Bacillus polymyxa or Pseudomonas striata) alone or in combination of carbofuran was studied on nitrogen uptake and grain yield in sorghum under field condition. Carbofuran was applied as granules in soils furrows for control of shootfly dead heart.


Let $d\geq 3$ be fixed and $G$ be a large random $d$-regular graph on $n$ vertices. We show that if $n$ is large enough then the entry distribution of every almost eigenvector $v$ of $G$ (with entry sum 0 and normalized to have length $\sqrt{n}$) is close to some Gaussian distribution $N(0,\sigma)$ in the weak topology where $0\leq\sigma\leq 1$. Our theorem holds even in the stronger sense when many entries are looked at simultaneously in small random neighborhoods of the graph. Furthermore, we also get the Gaussianity of the joint distribution of several almost eigenvectors if the corresponding eigenvalues are close. Our proof uses graph limits and information theory. Our results have consequences for factor of i.i.d.\ processes on the infinite regular tree.


This work is motivated by the requirement to generate stable and accurate phantoms on which EIT systems can be calibrated and tested. Such testing is required in order to quantitatively and reproducibly validate EIT system performance. We proposed a phantom system design based on reproducible procedures with completely characterized and traceable test objects. A robotic system was used to reproduce predefined positions of targets in a saline filled tank, and a data analysis system was implemented to evaluate the image reconstruction accuracy and performance. Using this methodology, three EIT hardware systems were tested and compared.


In the summer of 2009, Daniel Chiu's prescient review in Analytical Chemistry described droplet microfluidics, an emerging concept and malleable analytical tool.1 The article primarily discussed the potential of single droplets to aid in the study of immensely complex systems, such as single cells and organelles. But droplets, by way of miniaturization and parallelization, were also clearly poised to survey much broader swathes of chemical and biological space in discovery-oriented high-throughput experimentation. Picoliter-scale analysis coupled with microfluidic integration could very realistically deliver million-fold improvements in throughput, potentially revolutionizing diverse applications from protein engineering to drug lead identification. The technology needed to tackle these difficult problems was still just emerging, but 2009 featured a dramatic expansion in microfluidic componentry for generating and manipulating large quantities of droplets (e.g., incubation, picoinjection, sorting, etc.). Today they collectively form the microfluidic circuit engineer's standard palette of parts. Microfluidic circuit component integration, once largely concerned with moving bulk fluid between reactions and separation-based analysis channels, has entered a digital renaissance. Single devices now generate, handle, and analyze sample collections that vastly eclipse the capabilities of even the most sophisticated robotic automation. This review highlights recent (primarily 2013-2015) themes in technology development that continue to build the foundation of droplet-based discovery platforms, and new challenges in droplet-scale information storage and retrieval that have coalesced around these new platforms.


Butterfly World rears and displays at any time up to 60 species of butterflies, from 5 continents. The two areas of Butterfly World (farming and public exhibition) have four or five levels of containment. These are designed to prevent escape of the butterflies and their larvae, whose presence in nature might damage horticultural or agricultural plants.


Abstract The dry sliding wear behaviour of TiC/Fe composites was investigated. The wear surfaces of the composites were characterised by scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope. It was found that the mass losses of the composites increased with the increase in the applied load, but decreased slightly with the increase in the sliding velocity. The friction coefficient of the composites increased with the rising of the applied load. However, its fluctuation over the sliding distance decreased gradually with increasing load. In comparison, when the sliding velocity increased, both the friction coefficient and its fluctuation decreased. With the increase in the TiC reinforcements, the adhesive wear of the composites decreased, but the abrasive wear increased.


The EcoRV restriction endonuclease cleaves DNA at its recognition sequence at least a million times faster than at any other DNA sequence. The only cofactor it requires for activity is Mg2+: but in binding to DNA in the absence of Mg2+, the EcoRV enzyme shows no specificity for its recognition site. Instead, the reason why EcoRV cuts one DNA sequence faster than any other is that the rate of cleavage is controlled by the binding of Mg2+ to EcoRV‐DNA complexes: the complex at the recognition site has a high affinity for Mg2+, while the complexes at other DNA sequences have low affinities for Mg2+. The structures of the EcoRV endonuclease, and of its complexes with either 8pecific or non‐specific DNA, have been solved by X‐ray crystallography. In the specific complex, the protein interacts with the bases in the recognition sequence and the DNA takes up a highly distorted structure. In the non‐specific complex with an unrelated DNA sequence, there are virtually no interactions with the bases and the DNA retains a B‐like structure. Since the free energy changes for the formation of specific and non‐specific complexes are the same, the energy from the specific interactions balances that required for the distortion of the DNA. The distortion inserts the phosphate at the scissile bond into the active site of the enzyme, where it forms part of the binding site for Mg2+. Without this distortion, the EcoRV–DNA complex would be unable to bind Mg2+ and thus unable to cleave DNA. The specificity of the EcoRV restriction enzyme is therefore governed, not by DNA binding as such, but by its ability to organize the structure of the DNA to which it is bound.


The invention discloses a bearing lubricating structure of a driving gear shaft of a gear box for an urban rail traffic vehicle, which belongs to the field of design of gear boxes of urban rail traffic vehicles and solves the problem that an bearing on the outer side cannot be sufficiently lubricated under the condition that a plurality of bearings are installed at one end of the driving gear shaft. The driving gear shaft is installed on an upper box body, the side end of the upper box body is connected with an outer end cover, and the lower portion of the upper box body is connected with a lower box body. A first oil collecting sump is arranged on the inner wall of the upper box body and located at the upper position of the bearing, and the first oil collecting sump is communicated with the bearing located on the outer side through an oil inlet channel. A second oil collecting sump is arranged between the inner wall of the end cover and an outer ring of the bearing located on the outer side, redundant lubricating oil in the second oil collecting sump flows into an oil sump of the lower box body along an oil return channel. The bearing lubricating structure of the driving gear shaft of the gear box for the urban rail traffic vehicle compensates the lubricating oil entering the bearing on the outer side by arranging a special oil way and enables the bearing on the outer side to be sufficiently lubricated, thereby effectively controlling temperature rise of the bearing on the outermost side and prolonging service life of the bearing.


rib, in the spasmodic actions of coughing and sneezing, is impossible without an inbending of the rib itself, and that the variations in healthy breathing are chiefly to be ascribed to the influence of the muscles of forced expiration, which produce more or less bending of the rib during their action. In disease, a comparative feebleness of the respiratory track is to be noticed; and the want of elasticity of the chest is evidenced by the tendency to similarity in the upward and downward course of the ribs. In acute phthisis there is a degree of tremulousness in the tracings, and in pleurisy is seen the effect of adhesions in the very small extent of forward push on the affected side. The tracing of the cough of phthisis is, however, similar in its form to that of the healthy chest (Fig. 5), though much smaller and more feeble.


The energy release associated with the phase separation of Fe from C in a predominantly C white dwarf is calculated. The total gravitational-plus-internal energy differences between models of homogeneous compositions and those wth Fe-enriched cores are computed. In the unlikely case where the core is pure Fe, a substantial extension of the white dwarf cooling times is found, even with the small cosmic abundance of this element. For the more realistic core compositions that result if the Fe/C phase diagram is either of the spindle or of the azeotropic type, the energy release is still sufficient to prolong the cooling times by about 0.6 Gyr, comparable to that produced by C/O phase separation. Phase separation is found to produce an appreciable 'bump' in the luminosity function, although not one large enough to exceed the observational errors at low luminosities.


Abstract Turbulent reacting flows with and without swirl are calculated using fast and finite-rate chemistry models and closure is effected by extending constant-density turbulence models to reacting flows. Three experimental combustor flow fields are compared with the calculations: one is a premixed, opposed-jet combustor and the other two are non-premixed, sudden-expansion combustors with and without swirl. The results indicate that an isotropic eddy viscosity model based on the turbulence kinetic energy (k) and its dissipation rate (e) is sufficient to represent turbulence in non-swirling, reacting flows, whereas an algebraic stress model provides a better overall mean field prediction for reacting flows with swirl. However, flow expansion due to heat release during combustion is only fairly well represented by the submodels used. A finite-rate chemistry model is found to be superior to the fast chemistry approximation in the non-premixed combustor and a two-step global reaction mechanism gives an adeq...


Porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) scaffolds were prepared by selective laser sintering. The effects of laser energy density, ranging from 0.66 to 2.16 J/mm2, on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. At low energy density levels, PVDF particles could fuse well and the structure becomes dense with the increase of the energy density. Smoke and defects (such as holes) were observed when the energy density increased above 1.56 J/mm2 which indicated decomposition of the PVDF powder. The scaffolds appeared to be light yellow and there was a reduction in tensile strength. The fabricated scaffolds were immersed into simulated body fluid for different time to evaluate biostability. In addition, MG63 cells were seeded and cultured for different days on the scaffolds. The testing results showed that the cells grew and spread well, indicating that PVDF scaffolds had good biocompatibility.


ABSTRACT This cross-sectional, convenience sampling study examined the relationship between diabetes-related factors, family functioning, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in 100 Turkish adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The mean adolescent age was 14.65 ± 1.13 years. Quality of life was assessed using the Kiddo-KINDL generic HRQOL scale. Family functioning was assessed using the McMaster Family Assessment Device. The findings revealed that the participants had moderately high HRQOL. In terms of family functioning, general family functions subscale appeared healthy whereas affective involvement subscale appeared unhealthy. Results revealed that HbA1c was significantly negatively correlated with HRQOL. The full model of the socio-demographic, diabetes-related variables and general family functions to predict the total quality of life in children with T1DM was statistically significant. The overall multivariate model accounted for 58% of the variance of the total HRQOL. Regression analyses revealed that the levels of HbA1c and family functioning were significantly negatively related with HRQOL. The relationships between family functioning and HRQOL in adolescents with T1DM were unclear in Turkish sample. This research addressed this gap of knowledge, and provided a greater insight for practitioners working with adolescents with T1DM.


electrical power system of a spacecraft plays a very critical role for space mission success. Such a modem power system may contain numerous hybrid DC/DC converters both inside the power system electronics (PSE) units and onboard most of the flight electronics modules. One of the faulty conditions for DC/DC converter that poses serious threats to mission safety is the random occurrence of oscillation related to inherent instability characteristics of the DCfDC converters and design deficiency of the power systems. To ensure the highest reliability of the power system, oscillations in any form shall be promptly detected during part level testing, system integration tests, flight health monitoring


We present a structural study on late Miocene-early Pliocene out-of-sequence thrusts affecting the southern Apennine chain. The analyzed structures are exposed in the Campania region (southern Italy). Here, leading thrusts bound the N-NE side of the carbonate ridges that form the regional mountain backbone. In several outcrops, the Mesozoic carbonates are superposed onto the unconformable wedge-top basin deposits of the upper Miocene Castelvetere Group, providing constraints to the age of the activity of this thrusting event. We further analyzed the tectonic windows of Giffoni and Campagna, located on the rear of the leading thrust. We reconstructed the orogenic evolution of this part of the orogen. The first was related to the in-sequence thrusting with minor thrusts and folds, widespread both in the footwall and in the hanging wall. A subsequent extension has formed normal faults crosscutting the early thrusts and folds. All structures were subsequently affected by two shortening stages, which also deformed the upper Miocene wedge top basin deposits of the Castelvetere Group. We interpreted these late structures as related to an out-of-sequence thrust system defined by a main frontal E-verging thrust and lateral ramps characterized by N and S vergences. Associated with these thrusting events, LANFs were formed in the hanging wall of the major thrusts. Such out-of-sequence thrusts are observed in the whole southern Apennines and record a thrusting event that occurred in the late Messinianearly Pliocene. We related this tectonic episode to the positive inversion of inherited normal faults located in the Paleozoic basement. These envelopments thrust upward crosscut the allochthonous wedge, including, in the western zone of the chain, the upper Miocene wedge-top basin deposits. Finally, we suggest that the two tectonic windows are the result of the formation of an E-W trending regional antiform, associated with a late S-verging back-thrust, that has been eroded and crosscut by Early Pleistocene normal faults.


In Algeria, camel breeding participates in the national milk production. However, this breeding faces significant health problems, including mammary pathologies. This disease is a major public health threat, due to the existence of human pathogens in milk. Several species are associated with this mastitis. Unlike cow's milk, goat and camel milk are most often consumed in the fresh raw state, thus escaping any official control. The present study aimed to determine the nature and frequency of mastitis, and the nature and frequency of the responsible bacteria in each type of mastitis in southern Algeria. A total of 62 camels were subjected to clinical examination and screening for subclinical mastitis and the presence of Brucella using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and ring test, respectively. CMT positive samples were then further subjected to bacteriological analysis. Clinical and subclinical mastitis were present with frequencies of 4.44% and 95.55%, respectively. Bacteriological analysis isolated a total of 73 samples of 45 seeds. Staphylococci were most commonly isolated, with a frequency of 63.01%. Among these, Staphylococcus aureus were at the top of the list, with 35.61%, while Staphylococcus SCN (coagulase negative staphylococci) represented only 27.39%. Streptococci were the second most isolated group, with 28.77%. Gram-positive bacilli were in third place, accounting for 6.85% of all isolates. Gram- negative bacilli (enterobacteria) were isolated with a frequency of 1.36%. Brucella was present with a frequency of 4.44%. Finally, an extended study on a larger sample of camels is required in the future.


Today, Pareto-optimal objects finding has been applied in various fields, such as group decision making and opinion collection. Many of the existing solutions to this problem require explicit attributes for objects. However, these attributes cannot be obtained sometimes. To address this issue, we propose an algorithm, which uses preference relations given by crowdsourcing, to find Pareto-optimal objects with shorter latency and lower monetary costs. It employs two multi-pairwise-comparison question models: BEST-form and BETTER-form questions. Multiple BEST (or BETTER) questions can be sent to crowds concurrently. Extensive experimental results show that the number of questions reduces greatly. In addition, the numerical results show that the latency is significantly shortened at a reasonable monetary cost, compared with the existing methods.


Global Warming due to Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel consumption remains an extremely difficult problem to mitigate. One of the many purposed methods to tackle rising emissions of CO2 is subsurface injection into geological formations known as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). A major challenge, that projects involving subsurface gas injection have, is predicting the amount of gas that will be trapped in the formation effectively and safely. A major contributing factor to this uncertainty is knowing the interfacial tension and contact angle between the subsurface rocks, formation water and CO2. The two main difficulties with employing experimental work to estimate these parameters are partially contradicting results and accurately recreating the range of subsurface conditions. One of the ways to recreate the range of subsurface conditions and to explain contradicting results with respect to interfacial interactions is the use of Molecular Dynamics computer simulations. In the first half of this report we have investigated how divalent salts affect the CO2/water/quartz contact angle, and how N2/water/quartz and H2S/water/quartz contact angles compare to the CO2/water quartz contact angles. The quartz used for these simulations was a fully coordinated quartz crystal taken from Iglauer et al. 2012. The results from the simulations suggested that divalent salt had negligible effect on the contact angle, and that N2/water/quartz contact angles were significantly lower while H2S/water/quartz contact angles were significantly higher compared to CO2/water/quartz contact angles. In the second half of this report we have developed a hydroxylated quartz crystal model and simulated the water contact angle on this surface. The contact angle was observed to be significantly reduced compared to angles on the fully coordinated quartz surface. Introduction Rising levels of anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide (CO2) since the industrial revolution has been widely considered as a principal cause of rising global temperatures (Mann et al. 2003). Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) has been proposed and reviewed as a possible way to mitigate these CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption. The International Energy Agency (EIA 2009) predicts that CCS could account for up to a 19% reduction of global CO2 emissions. Currently in CCS projects CO2 has been taken from gas processing and injected into the subsurface for Enhanced Oil Recovery in depleting oil fields such as Shute Creek, USA. Alternatively it has been injected into a nearby saline aquifer for disposal such as in the Sleipner field, Offshore Norway (Håvard et al. 2008). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is another gas with negative environmental impact commonly referred to as acid gas. It has also been injected into the subsurface for disposal by many operators (Chakma 1997). This is due to the normal process of disposal, the Claus process, becoming less economical in recent times (Jamaluddin et al. 1996). For the injected gas to remain present in the subsurface it must be trapped sufficiently, i.e. to an extent where the relative permeability of the gas must be approximately zero. There are generally considered four main mechanisms present that trap CO2 in subsurface formation: 1.Structural trapping, where a layer of rock (commonly referred to as the caprock) is present with a seal, which has negligible permeability. This then prevents the buoyant gas from flowing upwards (Hesse et al. 2008). 2.Residual trapping, also known also as capillary trapping where the gas is trapped as bubbles by capillary forces present in the pore space of the rock (Qi et al. 2009, Iglauer et al. 2011b). 3.Dissolution trapping; where the injected CO2 dissolves into formation brine. The brine now saturated with CO2 sinks due to an increase in density (Riaz et al. 2006); 4.Mineral trapping; where the CO2 is trapped by reacting with host rock and minerals in the formation brine to form solid materials (Xu at al. 2003). Note that this trapping mechanism (mineral) is considered to take place over a longer time frame in comparison with the other trapping mechanisms (structural, residual and dissolution). The focus of this work is on predicting the extent of Structural and Residual Trapping; specifically how both these mechanisms depend on capillary forces. Capillary forces are physically expressed as capillary pressure, which is defined as the difference in pressure between the nonwetting and wetting phase (Akins 2009). The Young-Laplace equation states the following; Imperial College London 2 [Molecular Dynamics Simulation of CO2-fluid and CO2-mineral interfacial properties] ................................................................................................................................(1) Pc (capillary pressure) is proportional to the interfacial tension (γ) between the two fluids and the cosine of the contact angle that the interface makes with the substrate while inversely proportional to the effective radius of the pore (r), assuming the pore has a circular cross-section. Considering the force balance between buoyancy forces-capillary forces: ..........................................................................................................................................(2) Δρ (difference in density between the two phases), g (gravitational acceleration) and h (column height), the amount of buoyant gas trapped safely by structural trapping. Combining equations (1) and (2): .......................................................................................................................................(3) See Naylor et al (2011) for a more detailed outline of the derivation and discussion on CO2 column heights stored below caprocks. With respect to structural trapping, h determines the volume of gas stored beneath the caprock, Δρ and θ will be the density difference and contact angle respectively between gas and the brine and Pc is the capillary entry pressure of the caprock. If the pressure is above this capillary entry pressure stored gas can break through the caprock. Though methods are being developed to monitor (Sweatwan et al. 2010) and remediate (Eke et al. 2011) such leakages none have yet to be truly tested or proven to work. Hence there is significant uncertainty related to structural trapping, which may lead to public acceptance problems. For example CCS projects have been stopped in Germany and the Netherlands because of such technical uncertainty and associated public acceptance problems (Terwel 2012). Residual trapping is generally considered secondary to structural trapping in the importance for CCS projects. It is important with respect to preventing migration of CO2 and if no caprock is proven or exists (Qi et al. 2009). In residual trapping the injected CO2 displaces water in the reservoir when injected and a fraction of CO2 is trapped by capillary forces. The process is analogous to the trapping of oil/natural gas during waterflooding in hydrocarbon reservoirs (Iglauer et al 2011a). The extent of residual trapping generally increases with higher values of γ and lower values of brine-CO2-rock contact angles (much like structural trapping). It is further more a function of the pore morphology (Spiteri 2008), initial CO2 saturation and rock porosity. Iglauer et al. 2011b further outlines capillary trapping capacity (Ctrap) of porous rock and how it is a product of porosity and the residual nonwetting-phase (CO2) saturation. They also grade rocks according to their worth for residual trapping of CO2. The two main difficulties with employing experimental work to measure the interfacial tension and the contact angle are partially contradicting results and accurately recreating the range of subsurface conditions. Molecular dynamics simulations offer an attractive method by providing a microscopic view which is not always attainable from experiments, but also the ability to predict behavior in conditions that cannot always be recreated by an experimental method.


This article proposes a surface-syntactic annotation scheme called SUD that is near-isomorphic to the Universal Dependencies (UD) annotation scheme while following distributional criteria for defining the dependency tree structure and the naming of the syntactic functions. Rule-based graph transformation grammars allow for a bi-directional transformation of UD into SUD. The back-and-forth transformation can serve as an error-mining tool to assure the intra-language and inter-language coherence of the UD treebanks.


Objective To observe some spinal cytokines expression in chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in the rat.Methods The rats were randomly divided into three groups.Control group(n=8).Injured group(the left sciatic nerve was ligated).Sham group(subjected to expose the left sciatic nerves only).The spinal mRNA expressions of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-10 were determined in control group and 1st,3rd,7th,14th day after surgery in injured group and sham group.Results In the injured group,the allodynia was observed after nerve injury,especially on the 7th day(P0.05).TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-10 were expressed more significant at 1st and 3rd day and IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-10 were expressed more significant at 7th and 14th day in the injured group.Conclusion The changes of spinal cytokines may play an important role in the maintenance of neuropathic pain in rat chronic constriction injury model.


The northern Salt River Range is the structural culmination of the Absaroka-St. Johns thrust complex. The Stewart Peak quadrangle, located on the culmination, has been mapped to gain an understanding of the nature of the thrusts and folds in this part of the Idaho-Wyoming thrust belt. Rocks ranging in age from Middle Cambrian through Late Cretaceous are interleaved in a complex array of imbricate thrust faults and asymmetric folds. Major thrust faults in the Stewart Peak quadrangle include the Absaroka, Murphy, and Firetrail. Imbricate thrusts in the hanging wall of the Absaroka include the Star, Stewart, and four imbricate slices at the north-central margin of the quadrangle which may correlate with the St. Johns complex in the Snake River Range. The Grand Valley fault bounds the range near the west margin of the quadrangle where fanglomerates of probable Tertiary age (Pliocene?) are offset against Middle and Upper Cambrian strata. Several conclusions may be proposed regarding the northern Salt River Range. (1) Cataclasis occurs on a scale much greater than previously reported because deeper and more intensely deformed levels of the thrust belt are exposed relative to thrusts cropping out east and south in the Idaho-Wyoming salient. (2) Deformational intensity increases downward through the Paleozoic succession as the basal Absaroka decollement in the Cambrian Wolsey Shale is approached. (3) Stratigraphic thicknesses for units below the Mississippian Madison Group are tectonically thickened by ubiquitous small-scale thrust slivers (each with a few centimeters or more offset), stylolites, and small-scale folds. Stratigraphic correlations and isopach studies based on the present distribution of tectonically thicke ed Paleozoic units should not be made in this part of the thrust belt. (4) The Stewart Peak area represents a structural culmination in which the roots of the Absaroka thrust have been exposed, possibly from thrusting over a basement arch. In this regard, isopach trends of Cretaceous rocks east of the Darby-Hogsback thrust suggest that the Moxa arch may continue northwestward beneath the thrust belt in alignment with the Stewart Peak culmination. In addition, several structural discontinuities within the thrust belt northwest of LaBarge suggest the influence of a basement upwarp. The Stewart Peak culmination may therefore reflect a deeper structural level of exposure owing to thrusting over a basement arch above the regional level of decollement. This interpretation has important ramific tions regarding the structural control of potential oil and gas reservoirs beneath the Absaroka thrust. End_of_Article - Last_Page 833------------


Students' low disposition in mathematics causes students to view mathematics as difficult to understand, thus affecting mathematics learning outcomes. Not many students are active because they lack self-confidence, interest in learning mathematics, and curiosity about mathematics. This has an impact on low mathematics learning outcomes. This study aims to test the increase in the mathematical disposition of students who take part in open-ended learning based on ethnomathematics and determine the effect of mathematical disposition on students' mathematical abilities. This quantitative study refers to a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data collection techniques in this study used non-test and test techniques. The instruments used are questionnaires to measure students' mathematical dispositions and test questions to measure students' mathematical abilities. Data analysis techniques used are gain test and regression analysis. The results study indicates that the mathematical disposition of students who participate in open-ended learning based on ethnomathematics increased by 47%, which means that they are in the medium category and mathematical dispositions affect students' mathematical abilities through the application of open-ended questions learning based on ethnomathematics by 57.9%. It is concluded that ethnomathematics-based open-ended learning can improve students' mathematical disposition. This research is that teachers can use open-ended learning based on ethnomathematics to improve students' mathematical dispositions.


The ELISA method for the determination of chloramphenicol(CAP) residues in aquatic products has been studied.Different distillation method affected on the testing data.The standard curve was rectilinear from the rage of 0.05ng/ml to 4.05ng/ml.The intra-assay variations of kits was less than 16.4%. The variations of sample was 9.4%~13.8%. The recovery was 84%~116 %.


part should be compressed and polished. Line 24~25 should be deleted, because it is not the main conclusion of this study. Response: Thank you for your good suggestion. We have deleted L24-25 and compressed the abstract. In addition, more important results have been added in Lines 15 to 22, mainly including the effect of joint roughness, freezing temperature, joint opening and normal stress. (Details can be found in the abstract in our revised paper, which are marked in red.) Red sandstone blocks with dimensions of 100×100×50 mm were used to engrave roughness curve. However, a certain amount of specimen thickness is consumed during engraving. The ice-filled joint masses may not be a standard 100×100×100 mm cube. This point should be claimed and whether the height of ice-filling samples has any effect on the shear strength should be explained. Response: Thank you for your suggestion, the standard red sandstone block after engraving roughness curve will have different heights, so we added a steel gasket to ensure the ice-filled joint blocks have a unified height during the shear experiment. We ensured the block's height error was within 0.5 %, which makes the same joint opening under the same experimental condition. The location of the steel sheet is shown in the following figure. This point has been clarified in our revised paper (Details can be found on Line 136~137 and in Fig. 4 in our revised paper, which are marked in red.) Line 69. "normal stress" should be deleted, because the previous literature has considered the effect of normal stress Response: Thank you for your good suggestion. We rechecked the previous literature and found that it had considered the effect of normal pressures, so we deleted "normal stress" in Line 68. (Details can be found in Lines 68 to 69, which are marked in red.) In Fig. 2, it can be seen that when studying the influence of different shear rates and joint openings on the shear strength of ice-filled joint, the experimental temperature is -5 °C. Why -15 °C is used as the experimental temperature under different normal stress. This may be not conducive for comparison. Can you explain it? Response: In the normal stress group, we want to investigate the influence of the normal stress on the shear strength of the ice-filling joints. The freezing temperature, shear rate and joint opening are the same. Therefore, this group is not related with the freezing temperature. In addition, the difference of the shear strength between -15 °C and -5 °C is small. The change rule of the shear strength against the normal stress are similar no matter which freezing temperature is adopted. Therefore, the freezing temperature has no effect on the change rule of shear strength caused by normal stress. In Fig. 7, why the error bars are not added, because three parallel experiments were conducted? Response: We do not give the uncertainty, because we only continuously capture the shear rupture picture for one group. Although only one set of data is monitored, the experiment data are reliable and the experiment phenomenon is remarkable. In order to make the experimental results more convincing, we will pay attention to these details in the future studies. Line 193~195. The turning point of brittle and ductile failure of pure ice at different temperatures is not clear. It is suggested to compare the present results with other studies and describe the macroscopic or microscopic failure phenomena more clearly. Response: Thank you for your good suggestion. Lou et al. (2022) claimed that plain ice has strong brittleness at the temperature from -20 °C to -5 °C. The brittle-ductile transition interval of pure ice is not clear according to the previous literature, so we take the characteristics of the failure plane as the basis for judging ductile failure and brittle failure. Rupture ice (macroscopic failure phenomena) will be produced under brittle failure condition. In the ice-filled joint, these parts of the rupture ice cannot squeeze out the joint and will form an aggregation of rupture ice area along the noticeable bulges. The increasing aggregation area of the rupture ice in Fig. 6 further proves that the brittleness of ice increases with decreasing the freezing temperature. The maximum shear displacement before failure is smaller at -15 °C. The above comparisons are added in our revised paper. Thank you for your instructive comments. (Details can be found in Lines 214 to 219, which are marked in red.) Figure 16 This figure show the effect of normal stress on the peak shear strength of ice-filled joints, the experimental condition should be corrected as T = -15 °C, v = 0.2 mm/min and d = 2 mm. Response: Thank you for your good suggestion. We have replaced "σn = 0.5 MPa" as "d = 2mm" in Fig. 17. (Details can be found in Lines 381 to 382, which are marked in red.) It is interesting to propose the noticeable bulges to explain the change of shear strength of ice-filling joints against the joint roughness. However, how to determine the noticeable bulges and what is the characteristic of these noticeable bulges need more evidence. Response: Thank you for your good suggestion. The "noticeable bulges" are pointed out in Fig. 7. The bulges causing the reduction of joint width and aggregation of ice are called noticeable bulges. The noticeable bulges have larger inclination angles and they are far away from the joint edges. The definition of the noticeable bulge is added in our revised paper. (Details can be found on Line 206~208 in our revised paper, which are marked in red.) The conclusions should be compressed and improved, for example the sentence "Above all, this study ... normal stress" may be shorten or deleted. Response: Thank you for your good suggestion. We have deleted the sentence "Above all, this study ... normal stress" and polished the conclusions. (Details can be found in conclusion in our revised paper, which are marked in red.) Line 329 to 333 – Where should be replaced by "where". Response: Thank you for your good suggestion. We have replaced "Where" as "where". (Details can be found in Line 363, which are marked in red.) Line 12. "was" should be replaced by "were". It is suggested to polish the English carefully. Response: Thank you for your good suggestion. We have replaced "was" with "were" and done a double check about the English and fixed grammatical errors. (Details can be found in Line 12, which are marked in red.) It is suggested that the authors search for the literature related to "ice-filled rock joints" or "ice-filled rock flaw" and cite it appropriately in the introduction. Response: Thank you for your good suggestion. We have added the literature related to "ice-filled rock joints" or "ice-filled rock flaw" in our revised paper. (Details can be found on Line 36~40, which are marked in red.) Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)


The solution behavior of lysozyme was studied as a function of protein concentration, NaCl concentration, pH, and temperature using pulsed-gradient spin−echo NMR diffusion measurements. The lysozyme solutions clearly exhibited nonideal behavior which was sensitive to both the salt concentration and pH. Lysozyme has an isoelectric point of pH 11, and it is often overlooked that at normal pH it has a net positive charge. Since lysozyme is a charged species, the changes in the diffusion coefficients were interpreted, considering the competing effects of salt-mediated changes in protein interactions (e.g., electrostatic repulsion) and aggregation. The behavior is in agreement with Derjaguin−Landau−Verwey−Overbeek (DLVO)-type modeling, accounting for the attractive and repulsive forces present. The diffusion data was compared with various self-association models, including corrections for the effects of self-obstruction. The diffusion coefficients of the higher oligomers were calculated, assuming that the mono...


Abstract Effects of the addition of various transition metal additives to Cs 2.5 H 1.5 PVMo 11 O 40 on the catalytic performance for oxidation of ethane were compared under oxygen-poor conditions and copper was found to most enhance the catalytic performance. Similar enhancements by the addition of copper were observed for the oxidation of propane and isobutane under oxygen-poor conditions. It is suggested that the enhancement by the copper addition is due to the promotion of the reoxidation of the catalyst.


The article discusses the main factors of environmental hazard caused by the consequences of military operations on the territory of Ukraine, and analyzes current approaches and instruments of public administration of environmental safety in Ukraine. The author proves the essential role of public administration in the implementation of the State's environmental security policy in the context of the risks posed by military operations. The current situation of the national security system of Ukraine necessitates changes in the system of public administration of environmental safety. Establishing an effective system of state control and rapid response to emerging environmental risks caused by military actions is the most important factor in preventing the consequences of military aggression, irreversible disruption of the normal life of the population, and will facilitate the rapid restoration of all spheres of development and normal existence of the country in the post-war period. The purpose of the article is to consider the issues and analyze the aspects and determine further directions for the development of the State management of environmental safety of Ukraine under martial law. It is substantiated that the peculiarities of environmental security are related to many aspects of its provision and the variety of threats which can affect the environment, which is the space of human existence, and the need to form environmental awareness of society. The main forms of environmental hazards arising during a military conflict are highlighted and the tasks facing public authorities in this context are defined. It is noted that ensuring the environmental safety of Ukraine is conditioned by the influence of economic, social and organizational factors that are formative for the public administration system. The author comments on the role of local self-government bodies in overcoming the consequences of military emergencies. Including environmental ones. It is determined that the system of ensuring the environmental safety of the population in the event of military emergencies is a nationwide political, organizational, managerial, socio-economic and legal measures interconnected in time, place and resources, designed to prevent natural, man-made and military emergencies and to combat their consequences. The materials of this article can be used to create a plan for the restoration of Ukraine in the war and post-war period.